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Giles AV, Edwards L, Covian R, Lucotte BM, Balaban RS. Cardiac nitric oxide scavenging: role of myoglobin and mitochondria. J Physiol 2024; 602:73-91. [PMID: 38041645 PMCID: PMC10872739 DOI: 10.1113/jp284446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular production of nitric oxide (NO) regulates vascular tone. However, highly permeable NO entering the cardiomyocyte would profoundly impact metabolism and signalling without scavenging mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to establish mechanisms of cardiac NO scavenging. Quantitative optical studies of normoxic working hearts demonstrated that micromolar NO concentrations did not alter mitochondria redox state or respiration despite detecting NO oxidation of oxymyoglobin to metmyoglobin. These data are consistent with proposals that the myoglobin/myoglobin reductase (Mb/MbR) system is the major NO scavenging site. However, kinetic studies in intact hearts reveal a minor role (∼9%) for the Mb/MbR system in NO scavenging. In vitro, oxygenated mitochondria studies confirm that micromolar concentrations of NO bind cytochrome oxidase (COX) and inhibit respiration. Mitochondria had a very high capacity for NO scavenging, importantly, independent of NO binding to COX. NO is also known to quickly react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Stimulation of NO scavenging with antimycin and its inhibition by substrate depletion are consistent with NO interacting with ROS generated in Complex I or III under aerobic conditions. Extrapolating these in vitro data to the intact heart supports the hypothesis that mitochondria are a major site of cardiac NO scavenging. KEY POINTS: Cardiomyocyte scavenging of vascular nitric oxide (NO) is critical in maintaining normal cardiac function. Myoglobin redox cycling via myoglobin reductase has been proposed as a major NO scavenging site in the heart. Non-invasive optical spectroscopy was used to monitor the effect of NO on mitochondria and myoglobin redox state in intact beating heart and isolated mitochondria. These non-invasive studies reveal myoglobin/myoglobin reductase plays a minor role in cardiac NO scavenging. A high capacity for NO scavenging by heart mitochondria was demonstrated, independent of cytochrome oxidase binding but dependent on oxygen and high redox potentials consistent with generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V Giles
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lanelle Edwards
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raul Covian
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bertrand M. Lucotte
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert S Balaban
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Allbritton-King JD, García-Cardeña G. Endothelial cell dysfunction in cardiac disease: driver or consequence? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1278166. [PMID: 37965580 PMCID: PMC10642230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a multifunctional cellular system which directly influences blood components and cells within the vessel wall in a given tissue. Importantly, this cellular interface undergoes critical phenotypic changes in response to various biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli, driving several developmental and pathophysiological processes. Multiple studies have indicated a central role of the endothelium in the initiation, progression, and clinical outcomes of cardiac disease. In this review we synthesize the current understanding of endothelial function and dysfunction as mediators of the cardiomyocyte phenotype in the setting of distinct cardiac pathologies; outline existing in vivo and in vitro models where key features of endothelial cell dysfunction can be recapitulated; and discuss future directions for development of endothelium-targeted therapeutics for cardiac diseases with limited existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules D. Allbritton-King
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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3
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Hobai IA. MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:515-539. [PMID: 36155956 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies in animal models of sepsis have elucidated an intricate network of signaling pathways that lead to the dysregulation of myocardial Ca 2+ handling and subsequently to a decrease in cardiac contractile force, in a sex- and model-dependent manner. After challenge with a lethal dose of LPS, male animals show a decrease in cellular Ca 2+ transients (ΔCa i ), with intact myofilament function, whereas female animals show myofilament dysfunction, with intact ΔCa i . Male mice challenged with a low, nonlethal dose of LPS also develop myofilament desensitization, with intact ΔCa i . In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, the causative mechanisms seem similar to those in the LPS model in male mice and are unknown in female subjects. ΔCa i decrease in male mice is primarily due to redox-dependent inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATP-ase (SERCA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are overproduced by dysregulated mitochondria and the enzymes NADPH/NADH oxidase, cyclooxygenase, and xanthine oxidase. In addition to inhibiting SERCA, ROS amplify cardiomyocyte cytokine production and mitochondrial dysfunction, making the process self-propagating. In contrast, female animals may exhibit a natural redox resilience. Myofilament dysfunction is due to hyperphosphorylation of troponin I, troponin T cleavage by caspase-3, and overproduction of cGMP by NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase. Depleted, dysfunctional, or uncoupled mitochondria likely synthesize less ATP in both sexes, but the role of energy deficit is not clear. NO produced by NO synthase (NOS)-3 and mitochondrial NOSs, protein kinases and phosphatases, the processes of autophagy and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum stress, and β-adrenergic insensitivity may also play currently uncertain roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A Hobai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sayed MA, El-Sherif RM, Ismail A, Abou Warda AE, Mohamed AR, El-Sherif AA. Effect of low-level laser physiotherapy on left ventricular function among patients with chronic systolic heart failure. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:12. [PMID: 36780088 PMCID: PMC9925616 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a promising noninvasive physiotherapeutic approach that has been demonstrated to improve cardiac performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of low-level laser therapy on cardiac functions and clinical status in patients with chronic left ventricular systolic heart failure who were not candidates for cardiac revascularization or resynchronization. A case series of 27 patients received a course of low-level laser physiotherapy, the clinical outcomes, echocardiographic parameters, and serum nitric oxide levels were evaluated before and after LLLT. RESULTS Of the total patients enrolled in the study, 21 (or 77.8%) were male, with a mean age of 57.7 ± 6.89 years. NYHA classification significantly improved after low-level laser therapy, 15 patients were in class III,12 were in class IV, and no one was in class II before laser therapy while after laser therapy; 25 patients shifted to class II, two patients were in class III with P < 0.001, Six-minute walk distance test was performed, and the results showed that the mean of 6MWT was less than 200 m (148.556 ± 39.092) before the study but increased to more than 300 after laser therapy (385.074 ± 61.740), left ventricular ejection fraction before laser therapy was 26 ± 7.5 while after laser therapy it became 30 ± 8.6 but diastolic function did not change after low-level laser therapy, the mean peak TR pressure was 40.0 ± 9.0 mmHg and 33.0 ± 7.0 before and after laser therapy respectively P < 0.001. A significant change was observed in NO level from 4.1 ± 1.4 IU/ml before laser therapy to 5.2 ± 1.7 IU/ml after laser therapy P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Low-level laser therapy may add benefits to improve symptoms, clinical condition, and quality of life in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, further studies are necessary to evaluate the changes in cardiac functions at a longer follow-up duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania M. El-Sherif
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Ismail
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Essam Abou Warda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Amany R. Mohamed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Physiotherapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sherif
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Yan L, Wen M, Qin Y, Bi C, Zhao Y, Fan W, Yan J, Huang W, Liu Y. Soft Electrodes for Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Monitoring of Beating Cardiomyocytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203757. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Ping Yan
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ming‐Yong Wen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu Qin
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chen‐Xi Bi
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen‐Ting Fan
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jing Yan
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan‐Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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6
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Yan LP, Wen MY, Qin Y, Bi CX, Zhao Y, Fan WT, Yan J, Huang WH, Liu YL. Soft Electrodes for Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Monitoring of Beating Cardiomyocytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yan
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Ming-Yong Wen
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Yu Qin
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Chen-Xi Bi
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Wen-Ting Fan
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Jing Yan
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences NO. 299, Bayi Road, Luojia Hill, Wuchang 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
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7
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Akhigbe RE, Hamed MA, Odetayo AF, Akhigbe TM, Ajayi AF, Ajibogun FAH. Omega-3 fatty acid rescues ischaemia/perfusion-induced testicular and sperm damage via modulation of lactate transport and xanthine oxidase/uric acid signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111975. [PMID: 34343894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of omega 3 fatty acid (Ω-3) in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Under ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia, age-matched adult male Wistar rats of comparable weight underwent sham-operation or testicular torsion by fixing the left testis rotated at 720° for two and half hours. After detorsion, animals were treated with either olive oil as vehicle or Ω-3 subcutaneously for three days. On post-operative day 3, rats were culled and the ipsilateral and contralateral testes, as well as obtained blood samples, were analyzed. Our findings revealed that T/D led to significant poor weight gain, distorted gross anatomy, and cytoarchitecture of the testes, low sperm quality, redox imbalance, and inflammation of the ipsilateral and contralateral testes. This was accompanied by reduced circulatory testosterone, a decline in testicular lactate metabolism and transport, upregulation of xanthine oxidase/uric acid signaling, and increased testicular DNA fragmentation. Administration of Ω-3 attenuated T/D-induced damage to the testes and sperm cells with a significant rise in the level of serum testosterone. Enhancement of lactate transport and down-regulation of xanthine oxidase/uric acid signaling by Ω-3 may be beneficial in protecting against T/D-related oxido-inflammatory damage and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun, Nigeria.
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Buntai Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories, Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | - A F Odetayo
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - F A H Ajibogun
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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8
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Boycott HE, Nguyen MN, Vrellaku B, Gehmlich K, Robinson P. Nitric Oxide and Mechano-Electrical Transduction in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606740. [PMID: 33384614 PMCID: PMC7770138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability§ of the heart to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment is critical for normal cardiac physiology. The role of nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a mediator of mechanical signaling. Produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthases, nitric oxide affects almost all mechano-transduction pathways within the cardiomyocyte, with roles mediating mechano-sensing, mechano-electric feedback (via modulation of ion channel activity), and calcium handling. As more precise experimental techniques for applying mechanical stresses to cells are developed, the role of these forces in cardiomyocyte function can be further understood. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms are now available to elucidate the role of these enzymes in mediating mechano-electrical signaling. Understanding of the links between nitric oxide production and mechano-electrical signaling is incomplete, particularly whether mechanically sensitive ion channels are regulated by nitric oxide, and how this affects the cardiac action potential. This is of particular relevance to conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, in which nitric oxide production is reduced. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide/mechano-electrical signaling pathways are likely to be a feature of cardiac pathology (e.g., atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure) and a better understanding of the importance of nitric oxide signaling and its links to mechanical regulation of heart function may advance our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Boycott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Akhigbe RE, Ajayi LO, Adelakun AA, Olorunnisola OS, Ajayi AF. Codeine-induced hepatic injury is via oxido-inflammatory damage and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9521-9530. [PMID: 33211294 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Codeine (3-methylmorphine) is a known analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal drug that is often abused for recreational purposes. It is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 system and thus hypothesized to induce hepatic injury especially when misused. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating changes in liver function, hepatic enzyme biomarker, proton pumps, antioxidant status, free radicals and TNF-α levels, as well as caspase 3 activities and hepatic DNA fragmentation after 6 weeks of oral codeine administration. Twenty-one male rabbits were randomized into 3 groups (n = 7). The control group had 1 ml of normal saline, while the low-dose and high-dose codeine groups received 4 and 10 mg/kg b.w of codeine respectively daily. The codeine-treated animals had significantly lower levels of serum proteins, increased activities of hepatic enzyme biomarkers and caspase 3, raised hepatic concentrations of free radicals and TNF-α, as well as increased hepatic DNA fragmentation. Codeine treatment also led to a significant decline in hepatic weight, activities of hepatic enzymatic antioxidant, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase. These alterations were more pronounced in high-dose codeine treated animals than in the low-dose group. Histopathological study showed moderate fatty degeneration of hepatic parenchyma, infiltration of the portal tract by inflammatory cells with dense collagen fibre deposition in codeine-treated animals. The present study revealed that codeine induced liver injury and hepatic DNA damage via caspase 3-dependent signaling by suppressing hepatic antioxidant status and enhancing free radical and TNF-α generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - L O Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A A Adelakun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O S Olorunnisola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria.
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Lu Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Chen S, Chen Y. Mechanoelectrical feedback in pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis: Clinical challenges and therapeutic opportunities. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:608-614. [PMID: 32782628 PMCID: PMC7411213 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical feedback is an important factor in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Ectopic electrical activity originating from pulmonary vein (PV) myocardial sleeves has been found to trigger and maintain paroxysmal AF. Dilated PVs by high stretching force may activate mechanoelectrical feedback, which induces calcium overload and produces afterdepolarization. These results, in turn, increase PV arrhythmogenesis and contribute to initiation of AF. Paracrine factors, effectors of the renin-angiotensin system, membranous channels, or cytoskeleton of PV myocytes may modulate PV arrhythmogenesis directly through mechanoelectrical feedback or indirectly through endocardial/myocardial cross-talk. The purpose of this review is to present laboratory and translational relevance of mechanoelectrical feedback in PV arrhythmogenesis. Targeting mechanoelectrical feedback in PV arrhythmogenesis may shed light on potential opportunities and clinical concerns of AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Yu Lu
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSijhih Cathay General HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- School of MedicineFu‐Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of PhysiologyNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cardiovacular Research CenterWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Ann Chen
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cardiovacular Research CenterWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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11
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Habimana R, Choi I, Cho HJ, Kim D, Lee K, Jeong I. Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: a review of pathophysiology. Acute Crit Care 2020; 35:57-66. [PMID: 32506871 PMCID: PMC7280799 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cardiac dysfunction in sepsis is associated with significantly increased mortality. The pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction can be summarized as involving impaired myocardial circulation, direct myocardial depression, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Impaired blood flow to the myocardium is associated with microvascular dysfunction, impaired endothelium, and ventriculo-arterial uncoupling. The mechanisms behind direct myocardial depression consist of downregulation of β-adrenoceptors and several myocardial suppressants (such as cytokine and nitric oxide). Recent research has highlighted that mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in energy depletion, is a major factor in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, the authors summarize the pathophysiological process of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis based on the results of recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Insu Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Children's Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Children's Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyoseon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Inseok Jeong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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12
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Differences in cNOS/iNOS Activity during Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in 5-Lipoxygenase Knockout Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2019:5091630. [PMID: 31772504 PMCID: PMC6854994 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5091630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease and consequently leads to severe inflammatory heart condition; however, the mechanisms driving this inflammatory response have not been completely elucidated. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator of parasite killing in T. cruzi-infected mice, and previous studies have suggested that leukotrienes (LTs) essentially regulate the NO activity in the heart. We used infected 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice (5-LO−/−) to explore the participation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms, inducible (iNOS) and constitutive (cNOS), in heart injury, cytokine profile, and oxidative stress during the early stage of T. cruzi infection. Our evidence suggests that the cNOS of the host is involved in the resistance of 5-LO−/− mice during T. cruzi infection. iNOS inhibition generated a remarkable increase in T. cruzi infection in the blood and heart of mice, whereas cNOS inhibition reduced cardiac parasitism (amastigote nests). Furthermore, this inhibition associates with a higher IFN-γ production and lower lipid peroxidation status. These data provide a better understanding about the influence of NO-interfering therapies for the inflammatory response toward T. cruzi infection.
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13
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Oketch-Rabah HA, Hardy ML, Patton AP, Chung M, Sarma ND, Yoe C, Ayyadurai VAS, Fox MA, Jordan SA, Mwamburi M, Mould DR, Osterberg RE, Hilmas C, Tiwari R, Valerio L, Jones D, Deuster PA, Giancaspro GI. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model for Assessing the Risk from Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplements (MIDS). J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:293-315. [PMID: 32319852 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel use dietary supplements (DS) for performance enhancement, bodybuilding, weight loss, and to maintain health. Adverse events, including cardiovascular (CV) effects, have been reported in military personnel taking supplements. Previous research determined that ingestion of multi-ingredient dietary supplements (MIDS), can lead to signals of safety concerns. Therefore, to assess the safety of MIDS, the Department of Defense via a contractor explored the development of a model-based risk assessment tool. We present a strategy and preliminary novel multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)-based tool for assessing the risk of adverse CV effects from MIDS. The tool integrates toxicology and other relevant data available on MIDS; likelihood of exposure, and biologic plausibility that could contribute to specific aspects of risk.Inputs for the model are values of four measures assigned based on the available evidence supplemented with the opinion of experts in toxicology, modeling, risk assessment etc. Measures were weighted based on the experts' assessment of measures' relative importance. Finally, all data for the four measures were integrated to provide a risk potential of 0 (low risk) to 100 (high risk) that defines the relative risk of a MIDS to cause adverse reactions.We conclude that the best available evidence must be supplemented with the opinion of experts in medicine, toxicology and pharmacology. Model-based approaches are useful to inform risk assessment in the absence of data. This MCDA model provides a foundation for refinement and validation of accuracy of the model predictions as new evidence becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary L Hardy
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA.,Chair, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Mei Chung
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Charlie Yoe
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - V A Shiva Ayyadurai
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mary A Fox
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott A Jordan
- Chair, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mkaya Mwamburi
- Chair, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Diane R Mould
- Chair, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Robert E Osterberg
- Chair, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Corey Hilmas
- FDA liaison to the USP Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ram Tiwari
- FDA liaison to the USP Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Luis Valerio
- FDA liaison to the USP Dietary Supplements Safety Modeling Expert Panel, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Donnamaria Jones
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Wang B, Huang C, Chen L, Xu D, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Emerging Roles of the Gaseous Signaling Molecules NO, H2S, and CO in the Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:798-812. [PMID: 33464852 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Neto-Neves EM, Pinheiro LC, Nogueira RC, Portella RL, Batista RI, Tanus-Santos JE. Sodium nitrite improves hypertension-induced myocardial dysfunction by mechanisms involving cardiac S-nitrosylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Adefegha SA, Oboh G, Iyoha AE, Oyagbemi AA. Comparative effects of horseradish (Moringa oleifera) leaves and seeds on blood pressure and crucial enzymes relevant to hypertension in rat. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Huang L, Wyse BD, Williams CM, Smith MT. Nitric oxide modulates μ-opioid receptor function in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:676-685. [PMID: 30933370 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a type of peripheral neuropathic pain that develops as a consequence of prolonged hyperglycaemia-induced injury to the long nerves. Apart from pain, PDN is also characterized by morphine hyposensitivity. Intriguingly, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exhibiting marked morphine hyposensitivity, dietary administration of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine at 1 g/d, progressively rescued morphine efficacy and potency over an 8-week treatment period. In earlier work, single bolus doses of the furoxan nitric oxide (NO) donor, PRG150 (3-methylfuroxan-4-carbaldehyde), evoked dose-dependent pain relief in STZ-diabetic rats but the efficacious doses were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher in advanced diabetes than that required in early STZ diabetes. Together, these findings suggested a role for NO in the modulation of μ-opioid (MOP) receptor signalling. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess a role for NO released from PRG150, in modulating MOP receptor function in vitro. Here, we show an absolute requirement for the MOP receptor, but not the δ-opioid (DOP) or the κ-opioid (KOP) receptor, to transduce the cellular effects of PRG150 on forskolin-stimulated cAMP responses in vitro. PRG150 did not interact with the classical naloxone-sensitive binding site of the MOP receptor, and its effects on cAMP responses in HEK-MOP cells were also naloxone-insensitive. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effects of PRG150 on forskolin-stimulated cAMP responses in HEK-MOP cells were dependent upon pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi/o proteins as well as membrane lipid rafts and src kinase. Together, our findings implicate a role for NO in modulating MOP receptor function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wyse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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A dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor improves diastolic dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:257-265. [PMID: 30880253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is no established treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors reportedly have improved not only diabetes mellitus but also heart failure with systolic dysfunction in experimental models. We investigated the effects of a DPP-IV inhibitor on HFpEF in rats. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed either high-salt (high-salt diet (HSD): 8% NaCl) or low-salt diets (0.3% NaCl) from 6.5 weeks of age. They were then treated with or without a DPP-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, orally), from 11 weeks of age for 9 weeks and analyzed at the age of 20 weeks. HSD rats mimicked the pathophysiology of HFpEF. There were no differences in heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic function, or the extent of LV hypertrophy between HSD rats with or without vildagliptin. However, vildagliptin decreased LV end-diastolic pressure, the most reliable hemodynamic parameter of HFpEF in HSD rats. Vildagliptin also decreased the LV distensibility index, a sensitive marker of LV diastolic function in HSD rats. Vildagliptin decreased the expression of collagen genes in HSD hearts and attenuated LV interstitial fibrosis (HSD with vehicle and vildagliptin, 2.9% vs. 1.9%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, vildagliptin administration reduced both plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations in HSD rats. A DPP-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, improved the severity of LV fibrosis, and thus, diastolic dysfunction of HFpEF in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. DPP-IV inhibitors are promising medicines for treatment of HFpEF in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Abstract
Electromechanical coupling studies have described the intervention of nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation processes in Ca2+ release induced by stretch, with heterogeneous findings. On the other hand, ion channel function activated by stretch is influenced by nitric oxide, and concentration-dependent biphasic effects upon several cellular functions have been described. The present study uses isolated and perfused rabbit hearts to investigate the changes in mechanoelectric feedback produced by two different concentrations of the nitric oxide carrier S-nitrosoglutathione. Epicardial multielectrodes were used to record myocardial activation at baseline and during and after left ventricular free wall stretch using an intraventricular device. Three experimental series were studied: (a) control (n = 10); (b) S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM (n = 11); and (c) S-nitrosoglutathione 50 µM (n = 11). The changes in ventricular fibrillation (VF) pattern induced by stretch were analyzed and compared. S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM did not modify VF at baseline, but attenuated acceleration of the arrhythmia (15.6 ± 1.7 vs. 21.3 ± 3.8 Hz; p < 0.0001) and reduction of percentile 5 of the activation intervals (42 ± 3 vs. 38 ± 4 ms; p < 0.05) induced by stretch. In contrast, at baseline using the 50 µM concentration, percentile 5 was shortened (38 ± 6 vs. 52 ± 10 ms; p < 0.005) and the complexity index increased (1.77 ± 0.18 vs. 1.27 ± 0.13; p < 0.0001). The greatest complexity indices (1.84 ± 0.17; p < 0.05) were obtained during stretch in this series. S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM attenuates the effects of mechanoelectric feedback, while at a concentration of 50 µM the drug alters the baseline VF pattern and accentuates the increase in complexity of the arrhythmia induced by myocardial stretch.
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21
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The Dual Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Friend or Foe? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8364848. [PMID: 30510628 PMCID: PMC6230379 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8364848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine in the body. Among the three key NOSs, the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) can only be induced by inflammatory stimuli and contribute to the large amount of NO production. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including the ischemic heart disease. Nowadays, the development of specific iNOS inhibitors and the availability of iNOS knockout mice have provided substantial evidence to support the role of iNOS/NO signaling in the myocardium. Nevertheless, the role of iNOS/NO signaling in the myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury is very complex and highly perplexing; both detrimental and beneficial effects of iNOS have been described. Thus, this review will aim at providing basic insights into the current progress of the role of iNOS in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. A better understanding of the dual role of iNOS in details may help facilitate the development of more effective therapies for the management of ischemic heart diseases.
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22
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Pavlenko TA, Kim AR, Kurina AY, Davydova NG, Kolomojceva EM, Chesnokova NB, Ugrumov MV. [Endothelins and dopamine levels in tears for assessment of neurovascular disorders in glaucoma]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:41-46. [PMID: 30166509 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma201813404141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the possibility of detection of neurovascular ocular disorders in glaucoma by assessing the content of catecholamines and endothelins in lacrimal fluid. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 47 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Tear eluate was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for catecholamines concentrations, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used for evaluation of endothelins content. RESULTS Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and big endothelin (bET) content in tears of patients with POAG was higher than in healthy controls. Concentration of dopamine (DA) in tears was lower and concentrations of L-dioxyphenylalanine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid had a tendency for decrease. Noradrenaline content was equal in patients with POAG and controls. Adrenaline was not detected in any tear samples. CONCLUSION Multidirectional changes of endothelins and DA levels in tears of patients with POAG was found. The increased concentration of ET-1 and its precursor bET promote vasoconstriction and decrease of aqueous humor outflow. The decrease of DA concentration is typical for neurodegenerative processes. Estimation of DA and endothelins concentrations in tears can enable early detection of neurovascular disorders in glaucoma patients and help evaluate their severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Pavlenko
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062
| | - A R Kim
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 26 Vavilova St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119334
| | - A Yu Kurina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 26 Vavilova St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119334
| | - N G Davydova
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062
| | - E M Kolomojceva
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062
| | - N B Chesnokova
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062
| | - M V Ugrumov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 26 Vavilova St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119334
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23
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Terzi S, Emre A, Yesilcimen K, Yazıcı S, Erdem A, Sadik Ceylan U, Ciloglu F. The Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS3-786T>C) Genetic Polymorphism in Chronic Heart Failure: Effects of Mutant -786C allele on Long-term Mortality. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2017; 33:420-428. [PMID: 29033513 DOI: 10.6515/acs20161215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide plays an important role in the regulation of basal vascular tone and cardiac myocyte function. We investigated the NOS3-786T>C polymorphism in chronic heart failure (CHF) and its effects on long-term mortality. METHODS Ninety-one patients with CHF who were referred to the Department of Cardiology of Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center for cardiopulmonary exercise testing between April 2001 and January 2004 and 30 controls were enrolled in this study. Patient were followed prospectively for a period of 1 to 12 years. RESULTS Patients and controls were divided into three groups: TT, TC and CC, according to their NOS3-786T>C polymorphism. We noted that there was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between patients and controls. There was also no significant difference in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism between ischemic HF and nonischemic HF. During the follow-up period, 61 (67%) deaths occurred. The nonsurvivor group had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.01), reduced peak oxygen consumption (p = 0.04) and were of older age (p = 0.001). Age, LVEF, peak oxygen consumption and genotype were found to be predictors of mortality (p < 0.05). Additionally, mortality was significantly increased in -786CC genotype patients compared to TT genotype patients (hazard ratio = 2.2; p = 0.03). By multivariate analysis, age and eNOS genotype were determined to be significant independent predictors of death. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that homozygote -786C genotype was associated with an increased risk of death (χ2 = 4.6, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the NOS3-786T>C polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Terzi
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center
| | - Ayşe Emre
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center
| | - Kemal Yesilcimen
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center
| | - Selçuk Yazıcı
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center
| | - Aysun Erdem
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center
| | - Ufuk Sadik Ceylan
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center
| | - Figen Ciloglu
- Genlab Medical Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xie F, Rong B, Wang TC, Hao L, Lin MJ, Zhong JQ. Interaction between nitric oxide signaling and gap junctions during ischemic preconditioning: Importance of S-nitrosylation vs. protein kinase G activation. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:37-42. [PMID: 28216239 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated to exploring the mechanisms of IPC, and the GJ is one of the proposed targets of IPC. Several lines of evidence have indicated that NO affects GJ permeability regulation and expression of connexin isoforms. NO-induced stimulation of the sGC-cGMP pathway and the subsequent PKG activation could lead directly to connexin phosphorylation and GJ coupling modification. Additionally, because NO-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury beyond the cGMP/PKG-dependent pathway has been reported in isolated cardiomyocytes, it has been posited that NO-mediated GJ coupling might be independent from the activation of the NO-induced cGMP/PKG pathway during IPC. S-nitrosylation by NO exerts a major influence in IPC-induced cardioprotection. It has been suggested that NO-mediated cardioprotection during IPC was not dependent on sGC/cGMP/PKG but on SNO signaling. We need more researches to prove that which signaling pathway (S-nitrosylation or protein kinase G activation) is the major one modulating GJ coupling during IPC. The aim of review article is to discuss the possible signaling pathways of NO in regulating GJ during IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Cadre Health Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Quan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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25
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Zhao CY, Greenstein JL, Winslow RL. Mechanisms of the cyclic nucleotide cross-talk signaling network in cardiac L-type calcium channel regulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 106:29-44. [PMID: 28365422 PMCID: PMC5508987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of L-type Calcium (Ca2+) Channel (LCC) gating is critical to shaping the cardiac action potential (AP) and triggering the initiation of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in cardiac myocytes. The cyclic nucleotide (cN) cross-talk signaling network, which encompasses the β-adrenergic and the Nitric Oxide (NO)/cGMP/Protein Kinase G (PKG) pathways and their interaction (cross-talk) through distinctively-regulated phosphodiesterase isoenzymes (PDEs), regulates LCC current via Protein Kinase A- (PKA) and PKG-mediated phosphorylation. Due to the tightly-coupled and intertwined biochemical reactions involved, it remains to be clarified how LCC gating is regulated by the signaling network from receptor to end target. In addition, the large number of EC coupling-related phosphorylation targets of PKA and PKG makes it difficult to quantify and isolate changes in L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) responses regulated by the signaling network. We have developed a multi-scale, biophysically-detailed computational model of LCC regulation by the cN signaling network that is supported by experimental data. LCCs are modeled with functionally distinct PKA- and PKG-phosphorylation dependent gating modes. The model exhibits experimentally observed single channel characteristics, as well as whole-cell LCC currents upon activation of the cross-talk signaling network. Simulations show 1) redistribution of LCC gating modes explains changes in whole-cell current under various stimulation scenarios of the cN cross-talk network; 2) NO regulation occurs via potentiation of a gating mode characterized by prolonged closed times; and 3) due to compensatory actions of cross-talk and antagonizing functions of PKA- and PKG-mediated phosphorylation of LCCs, the effects of individual inhibitions of PDEs 2, 3, and 4 on ICaL are most pronounced at low levels of β-adrenergic stimulation. Simulations also delineate the contribution of the following two mechanisms to overall LCC regulation, which have otherwise been challenging to distinguish: 1) regulation of PKA and PKG activation via cN cross-talk (Mechanism 1); and 2) LCC interaction with activated PKA and PKG (Mechanism 2). These results provide insights into how cN signals transduced via the cN cross-talk signaling network are integrated via LCC regulation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Y Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Joseph L Greenstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Raimond L Winslow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Ahmed SM, Abdelrahman SA, Salama AE. Efficacy of gold nanoparticles against isoproterenol induced acute myocardial infarction in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:168-185. [PMID: 28277146 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1281367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the role of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of 50 nm diameter on isoproterenol (ISO) induced acute myocardial infarction in adult male albino rats. Forty five adult Wistar male albino rats were equally divided into three groups. Control (group I) was further subdivided into three subgroups. In group II, the rats received ISO subcutaneously at a dose of 100 mg/kg for three days. In group III, rats received ISO as group II and then GNPs (400 μg/kg/day) intravenously for 14 consecutive days. Echocardiography was performed. Left ventricular specimens were prepared for H&E, van Gieson staining, immunohistochemical analysis for (eNOs and Bcl-2), and Electron microscope examination. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was also performed. Cardiac markers such as creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured. Group II revealed cardiomyocytes with deeply stained acidophilic cytoplasm, small dark nuclei, intracellular vacuolations, wide intercellular spaces, and extravasated red blood cells. Increased collagen fibers were observed. Electron microscope examination showed cardiomyocyte with small and irregular outlined nuclei, mitochondria with irregular cristae and others with ruptured mitochondrial membrane, abnormal alignment of myofibrils, dilated cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and disorganized intercalated discs. Group III showed that most cardiomyocytes preserved the normal architecture. Increased expression of eNOs immunoreaction and decreased Bcl-2 immunoreaction were detected in group II as compared to the control and GNP-treated groups. These findings suggested that GNPs of 50 nm diameter improved myocardial injury after ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats. ABBREVIATIONS Myocardial infarction (MI), Isoproterenol (ISO), Nitric oxide (NO), Neuronal NOS (nNOs), Endothelial NOs (eNOs), Gold nanoparticle (GNPs), Diamiobenzidine (DAB), Serum Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Electrochemiluminiscence (ECLIA), Cardiomyocytes (CMC), Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (PPARs), Reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Ahmed
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Ali Abdelrahman
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Ranjan R, Biswal JK, Subramaniam S, Singh KP, Stenfeldt C, Rodriguez LL, Pattnaik B, Arzt J. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Associated Abortion and Vertical Transmission following Acute Infection in Cattle under Natural Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167163. [PMID: 27977708 PMCID: PMC5157973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild host species. During recent FMD outbreaks in India, spontaneous abortions were reported amongst FMD-affected and asymptomatic cows. The current study was an opportunistic investigation of these naturally occurring bovine abortions to assess causality of abortion and vertical transmission of FMDV from infected cows to fetuses. For this purpose, fetal tissue samples of eight abortuses (heart, liver, kidney, spleen, palatine tonsil, umbilical cord, soft palate, tongue, lungs, and submandibular lymph node) were collected and screened by various detection methods, including viral genome detection, virus isolation, and immunomicroscopy. Amongst these cases, gross pathological changes were observed in 3 abortuses. Gross pathological findings included blood-tinged peritoneal and pleural effusions and myocarditis. Hearts of infected calves had mild to moderate degeneration and necrosis of the myocardium with moderate infiltration by mixed inflammatory cells. Localization of FMDV antigen was demonstrated in lungs and soft palate by immunomicroscopy. FMDV serotype O viral genome was recovered from 7 of 8 cases. Infectious FMDV serotype O was rescued by chemical transfection of the total RNA extracted from three soft palate samples and was sequenced to confirm 100% identity of the VP1 (capsid) coding region with isolates collected from infected cattle during the acute phase of infection. Based upon these findings, it may be concluded that FMDV-associated abortion occurred among the infected pregnant cows included within this study and FMDV was subsequently transmitted vertically to fetuses. This is the first documentation of FMDV-associated abortions in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
- * E-mail: (JA); (RR)
| | - Jitendra K. Biswal
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Bramhadev Pattnaik
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JA); (RR)
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Li G, Xiao Y, Estrella JL, Ducsay CA, Gilbert RD, Zhang L. Effect of Fetal Hypoxia on Heart Susceptibility to Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Adult Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raymond D. Gilbert
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350
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29
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Ng GA. Neuro-cardiac interaction in malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Auton Neurosci 2016; 199:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gulbahar MY, Davis WC, Guvenc T, Yarim M, Parlak U, Kabak YB. Myocarditis Associated with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O in Lambs. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:589-99. [PMID: 17846231 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-5-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Samsun, Turkey. In all the heart samples tested, ELISA and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely O/TUR/Samsun/05, was associated with the PanAsia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O. The lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. In situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes and some interstitial cells were positive for FMDV type O. Inflammatory infiltration, hyaline degeneration, and necrosis of sheets of myocytes were observed. The cellular infiltrates were mononuclear cells, including many lymphocytes, macrophages, a few plasma cells, and neutrophils. Major histocompatibility complex Class II+ dendritic and mononuclear cells, γδ T cells, CD172A+ and CD14+ macrophages and monocytes, and IgM+ B cells were detected mainly in the infected hearts. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was seen mostly in areas of inflammation infiltrated by large numbers of cells. Of the 2 α-subunits of integrin known to be used as receptors by FMDV in epithelial tissues, CD49e (integrin α5) was detected in the membranes of cardiac myocytes with intercalated discs, but CD51 (integrin αV) was not detected in cardiac myocytes from infected or normal lambs. Interstitial and inflammatory cells were positive for both integrin subunits. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the nuclei of both cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells from infected lambs. These findings suggest that the iNOS expressed by inflammatory cells in lesions may have a deleterious effect on cardiac myocytes in these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Gulbahar
- University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kurupelit, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
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31
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Ardell JL, Andresen MC, Armour JA, Billman GE, Chen PS, Foreman RD, Herring N, O'Leary DS, Sabbah HN, Schultz HD, Sunagawa K, Zucker IH. Translational neurocardiology: preclinical models and cardioneural integrative aspects. J Physiol 2016; 594:3877-909. [PMID: 27098459 DOI: 10.1113/jp271869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal elements distributed throughout the cardiac nervous system, from the level of the insular cortex to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, are in constant communication with one another to ensure that cardiac output matches the dynamic process of regional blood flow demand. Neural elements in their various 'levels' become differentially recruited in the transduction of sensory inputs arising from the heart, major vessels, other visceral organs and somatic structures to optimize neuronal coordination of regional cardiac function. This White Paper will review the relevant aspects of the structural and functional organization for autonomic control of the heart in normal conditions, how these systems remodel/adapt during cardiac disease, and finally how such knowledge can be leveraged in the evolving realm of autonomic regulation therapy for cardiac therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ardell
- University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M C Andresen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J A Armour
- University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G E Billman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P-S Chen
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R D Foreman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - N Herring
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D S O'Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - H N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - H D Schultz
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - I H Zucker
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Sugiyama K, Sasano T, Kurokawa J, Takahashi K, Okamura T, Kato N, Isobe M, Furukawa T. Oxidative Stress Induced Ventricular Arrhythmia and Impairment of Cardiac Function in Nos1ap Deleted Mice. Int Heart J 2016; 57:341-9. [PMID: 27170476 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study has identified that the genetic variations at NOS1AP (neuronal nitric oxide synthase-1 adaptor protein) were associated with QT interval and sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the mechanism linking a genetic variant of NOS1AP and SCD is poorly understood. We used Nos1ap knockout mice (Nos1ap(-/-)) to determine the involvement of Nos1ap in SCD, paying special attention to oxidative stress.At baseline, a surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and ultrasound echocardiography (UCG) showed no difference between Nos1ap(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Oxidative stress was induced by a single injection of doxorubicin (Dox, 25 mg/kg). After Dox injection, Nos1ap(-/-) showed significantly higher mortality than WT (93.3 versus 16.0% at day 14, P < 0.01). ECG showed significantly longer QTc in Nos1ap(-/-) than WT, and UCG revealed significant reduction of fractional shortening (%FS) only in Nos1ap(-/-) after Dox injection. Spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias were documented by telemetry recording after Dox injection only in Nos1ap(-/-). Ex vivo optical mapping revealed that the action potential duration (APD)90 was prolonged at baseline in Nos1ap(-/-), and administration of Dox lengthened APD90 more in Nos1ap(-/-) than in WT. The expression of Bnp and the H2O2 level were higher in Nos1ap(-/-) after Dox injection. Nos1ap(-/-) showed a reduced amplitude of calcium transient in isolated cardiomyocytes after Dox injection. Administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly reduced mortality of Nos1ap(-/-) by Dox injection, accompanied by prevention of QT prolongation and a reduction in %FS.Although Nos1ap(-/-) mice have apparently normal hearts, oxidative stress evokes ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart failure, which may cause sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugiyama
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Kakihana Y, Ito T, Nakahara M, Yamaguchi K, Yasuda T. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:22. [PMID: 27011791 PMCID: PMC4804632 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is aggravated by an inappropriate immune response to invading microorganisms, which occasionally leads to multiple organ failure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the ventricular myocardium is depressed during sepsis with features of diastolic dysfunction. Potential candidates responsible for septic cardiomyopathy include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), cytokines, and nitric oxide. Extracellular histones and high-mobility group box 1 that function as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) also contribute to the myocardial dysfunction associated with sepsis. If untreated, persistent shock causes cellular injury and the liberation of further DAMPs. Like PAMPs, DAMPs have the potential to activate inflammation, creating a vicious circle. Early infection control with adequate antibiotic care is important during septic shock to decrease PAMPs arising from invasive microorganisms. Early aggressive fluid resuscitation as well as the administration of vasopressors and inotropes is also important to reduce DAMPs generated by damaged cells although excessive volume loading, and prolonged administration of catecholamines might be harmful. This review delineates some features of septic myocardial dysfunction, assesses its most common underlying mechanisms, and briefly outlines current therapeutic strategies and potential future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kakihana
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan ; Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nakahara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Yasuda
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
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Andrés-Delgado L, Mercader N. Interplay between cardiac function and heart development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1707-16. [PMID: 26952935 PMCID: PMC4906158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical or electrical signals that initiate structural and functional remodeling in cells and tissues. The heart is a kinetic organ whose form changes considerably during development and disease. This requires cardiomyocytes to be mechanically durable and able to mount coordinated responses to a variety of environmental signals on different time scales, including cardiac pressure loading and electrical and hemodynamic forces. During physiological growth, myocytes, endocardial and epicardial cells have to adaptively remodel to these mechanical forces. Here we review some of the recent advances in the understanding of how mechanical forces influence cardiac development, with a focus on fluid flow forces. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andrés-Delgado
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Ruzsics I, Nagy L, Keki S, Sarosi V, Illes B, Illes Z, Horvath I, Bogar L, Molnar T. L-Arginine Pathway in COPD Patients with Acute Exacerbation: A New Potential Biomarker. COPD 2015; 13:139-45. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1045973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, a cardiac dysfunction presented in patients with cirrhosis, represents a recently recognized clinical entity. It is characterized by altered diastolic relaxation, impaired contractility, and electrophysiological abnormalities, in particular prolongation of the QT interval. Several mechanisms seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, including impaired function of beta-receptors, altered transmembrane currents, and overproduction of cardiodepressant factors, like nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and endogenous cannabinoids. Diastolic dysfunction is the first manifestation of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and reflects the increased stiffness of the cardiac mass, which leads to delayed left ventricular filling. On the other hand, systolic incompetence is presented later, is usually unmasked during pharmacological or physical stress, and predisposes to the development of hepatorenal syndrome. The prolongation of QT is found in about 50 % of cirrhotic patients, but rarely leads to fatal arrhythmias. Cirrhotics with blunted cardiac function seem to have poorer survival rates compared to those without, and the risk is particularly increased during the insertion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or liver transplantation. Till now, there is no specific treatment for the management of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. New agents, targeting to its pathogenetical mechanisms, may play some role as future therapeutic options.
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Huang WA, Shivkumar K, Vaseghi M. Device-based autonomic modulation in arrhythmia patients: the role of vagal nerve stimulation. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2015; 17:379. [PMID: 25894588 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-015-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown promise as an adjunctive therapy for management of cardiac arrhythmias by targeting the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system. VNS has been evaluated in the setting of ischemia-driven ventricular arrhythmias and atrial arrhythmias, as well as a treatment option for heart failure. As better understanding of the complexities of the cardiac autonomic nervous system is obtained, vagal nerve stimulation will likely become a powerful tool in the current cardiovascular therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Huang
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Dissociation of Calcium Transients and Force Development following a Change in Stimulation Frequency in Isolated Rabbit Myocardium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:468548. [PMID: 25961020 PMCID: PMC4413957 DOI: 10.1155/2015/468548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As the heart transitions from one exercise intensity to another, changes in cardiac output occur, which are modulated by alterations in force development and calcium handling. Although the steady-state force-calcium relationship at various heart rates is well investigated, regulation of these processes during transitions in heart rate is poorly understood. In isolated right ventricular muscle preparations from the rabbit, we investigated the beat-to-beat alterations in force and calcium during the transition from one stimulation frequency to another, using contractile assessments and confocal microscopy. We show that a change in steady-state conditions occurs in multiple phases: a rapid phase, which is characterized by a fast change in force production mirrored by a change in calcium transient amplitude, and a slow phase, which follows the rapid phase and occurs as the muscle proceeds to stabilize at the new frequency. This second/late phase is characterized by a quantitative dissociation between the calcium transient amplitude and developed force. Twitch timing kinetics, such as time to peak tension and 50% relaxation rate, reached steady-state well before force development and calcium transient amplitude. The dynamic relationship between force and calcium upon a switch in stimulation frequency unveils the dynamic involvement of myofilament-based properties in frequency-dependent activation.
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Kruzliak P, Pechanova O, Kara T. New perspectives of nitric oxide donors in cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:383-90. [PMID: 23712508 PMCID: PMC3976759 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is often used to treat heart failure accompanied with pulmonary edema. According to present knowledge, however, NO donors are contraindicated when systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mmHg. Based on recent findings and our own clinical experience, we formulated a hypothesis about the new breakthrough complex lifesaving effects of NO donors in patients with cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation therapy. It includes a direct hemodynamic effect of NO donors mediated through vasodilation of coronary arteries in cooperation with improvement of cardiac function and cardiac output through reversible inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial NO synthase, followed by reduction in reactive oxygen species and correction of myocardial stunning. Simultaneously, an increase in vascular sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation could lead to an increase in diastolic blood pressure. Confirmation of this hypothesis in clinical practice would mean a milestone in the treatment for cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kruzliak
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
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Uysal A, Sahna E, Ozguler IM, Burma O, Ilhan N. Effects of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on levels of ADMA, MPO, iNOS and TLR4 induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Perfusion 2014; 30:472-7. [PMID: 25404055 DOI: 10.1177/0267659114559260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the effects of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which are inflammatory mediators in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is the indicator of neutrophil infiltration and the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) increasing with oxidative stress were investigated. METHODS MIR injury was accomplished by the application of occlusion for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 120 minutes in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). In the study, 21 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: a sham group (n = 7); a MIR group (n = 7); and a MIR + apocynin treatment group (n = 7, before the procedure, an intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg of apocynin for 15 days). After reperfusion, iNOS, TLR4, MPO and ADMA levels in myocardial tissue were measured by ELISA. RESULTS While myocardial TLR4, MPO and ADMA levels increased in the MIR group, these parameters were found to be decreased significantly in the group treated with apocynin. Although iNOS levels showed an increase in the MIR group compared to the sham group and a reduction in the MIR+apocynin group, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. DISCUSSION In our study, the effect of the treatment of apocynin in MIR on ADMA, MPO, iNOS and TLR4 levels in myocardial tissue was shown for the first time. It is thought that apocynin treatment may show a protective effect in MIR injury by affecting oxidative stress (ADMA) and inflammatory parameters (iNOS, MPO).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uysal
- Depertment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - E Sahna
- Depertment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - I M Ozguler
- Depertment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - O Burma
- Depertment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - N Ilhan
- Depertment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Byun EB, Sung NY, Yang MS, Song DS, Byun EH, Kim JK, Park JH, Song BS, Lee JW, Park SH, Byun MW, Kim JH. Procyanidin C1 causes vasorelaxation through activation of the endothelial NO/cGMP pathway in thoracic aortic rings. J Med Food 2014; 17:742-8. [PMID: 24971771 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of procyanidin C1 (Pro C1) for modulating vascular tone. Pro C1 induced a potent vasorelaxant effect on phenylephrine-constricted endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings, but had no effect on denuded thoracic aortic rings. Moreover, Pro C1 caused a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Pro C1-induced vasorelaxation and Pro C1-induced NO production were significantly decreased in the presence of a nonspecific potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium chloride [TEA]), an endothelial NO synthase inhibitor (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine [L-NMMA]), and a store-operated calcium entry inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB]). Pro C1-induced vasorelaxation was also completely abolished by an inhibitor of soluble guanyl cyclase, which suggests that the Pro C1 effects observed involved cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production. Interestingly, Pro C1 significantly enhanced basal cGMP levels. Taken together, these results indicate that Pro C1-induced vasorelaxation is associated with the activation of the calcium-dependent NO/cGMP pathway, involving potassium channel activation. Thus, Pro C1 may represent a novel and potentially therapeutically relevant compound for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- 1 Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup, Korea
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Chen Y, Li J, Guo Y, Guo XY. Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 Gene Variants and Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3811-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bekhite MM, Finkensieper A, Rebhan J, Huse S, Schultze-Mosgau S, Figulla HR, Sauer H, Wartenberg M. Hypoxia, Leptin, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Stimulate Vascular Endothelial Cell Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:333-51. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Bekhite
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Andreas Finkensieper
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rebhan
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Huse
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schultze-Mosgau
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Reiner Figulla
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Aboul Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Mourad IM. The effect of bisphenol A on some oxidative stress parameters and acetylcholinesterase activity in the heart of male albino rats. Cytotechnology 2013; 67:145-55. [PMID: 24337652 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used on a wide range in industry. Several studies reported that BPA may cause cardiovascular disorders in humans and animals. The present study aims to investigate the effect of BPA on the heart of adult male rats. The rats received a daily oral administration of BPA (25 mg/kg for 6 weeks and 10 mg/kg for 6 and 10 weeks). It was found that BPA at the two studied doses induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde, and a significant decrease in catalase after 6 weeks. Moreover, a significant decrease in reduced glutathione and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was observed after treatment with the two doses of BPA throughout the studied time intervals. The two doses (25 and 10 mg/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in nitric oxide (NO) levels after 6 and 10 weeks, respectively. A significant increase in body weight gain occurred in all animals after BPA treatment. These results suggest that BPA has cardiotoxic effects which are mediated by the oxidative stress resulting from the overproduction of free radicals, the deficiency of NO and the inhibition of AchE leading to cholinergic activation. The obesity promoting effect of BPA may also participate in the observed cardiovascular disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,
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Durand MJ, Gutterman DD. Diversity in mechanisms of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in health and disease. Microcirculation 2013; 20:239-47. [PMID: 23311975 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small arterioles (40-150 μm) contribute to the majority of vascular resistance within organs and tissues. Under resting conditions, the basal tone of these vessels is determined by a delicate balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences. Cardiovascular homeostasis and regional tissue perfusion is largely a function of the ability of these small blood vessels to constrict or dilate in response to the changing metabolic demands of specific tissues. The endothelial cell layer of these microvessels is a key modulator of vasodilation through the synthesis and release of vasoactive substances. Beyond their vasomotor properties, these compounds importantly modulate vascular cell proliferation, inflammation, and thrombosis. Thus, the balance between local regulation of vascular tone and vascular pathophysiology can vary depending upon which factors are released from the endothelium. This review will focus on the dynamic nature of the endothelial released dilator factors depending on species, anatomic site, and presence of disease, with a focus on the human coronary microcirculation. Knowledge how endothelial signaling changes with disease may provide insights into the early stages of developing vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, or related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Durand
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Ma B, Xiong X, Chen C, Li H, Xu X, Li X, Li R, Chen G, Dackor RT, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2843-56. [PMID: 23696562 PMCID: PMC3713213 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to biologically active cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, which have potent vasodilatory, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antidiabetes properties. Here, we showed the effects of cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP epoxygenase 2J2 (CYP2J2) on diabetic cardiomyopathy and insulin resistance in high-fat (HF) diet fed, low-dose streptozotocin-treated mice. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced by HF and streptozotocin in cardiac-specific CYP2J2 transgenic mice. Physiological parameters and systemic metabolic parameters were monitored using ELISA kits. Intraperitoneal injection glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study were implied to indicate insulin resistance. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and Millar catheter system. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used in signal pathway detection. αMHC-CYP2J2 transgenic mice showed significantly lower plasma glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased cardiac glucose uptake. Furthermore, αMHC-CYP2J2 transgenic mice were significantly protected from HF-streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Strikingly, CYP2J2 overexpression attenuated myocardial hypertrophy induced by diabetes. We conclude that cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 significantly protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be due to improved cardiac insulin resistance, glucose uptake, and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy. Relevant mechanisms may include up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, activation of insulin receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 signal by enhanced atrial natriuretic peptide production. These results suggest that CYP2J2 epoxygenase metabolites likely play an important role in plasma glucose homeostasis, and enhancement of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids activation may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ma
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
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Hosseinimehr SJ, Mahmoudzadeh A, Rafiei A. Arginine increases genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate in human lymphocytes. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:379-84. [PMID: 22907509 PMCID: PMC3597170 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that is produced in cells from L-arginine. NO is involved in the physiological control of different tissues, but it can act as a toxic mediator in the cells. In this study we investigated the effect of L-arginine on the genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in human lymphocytes. Blood was treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase for finding out the role of NO in this effect. Human whole blood was treated with L-arginine (50, 100 and 250 μM) and/or L-NAME, then it was treated in vitro with MMS after 24 h of culture. The lymphocytes were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to find out the micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. DNA fragmentation of lymphocytes was detected by using a fluorescence microscope after propidium iodide staining. These data showed that arginine increased the frequency of MMS-induced micronuclei in lymphocytes. However, the genotoxicity was decreased by using L-NAME. Arginine and L-NAME have not shown any DNA damage in cultured human lymphocytes. In conclusion, addition of L-arginine to MMS as an alkylating agent caused an increase of DNA damage in human lymphocytes. This enhancement of genotoxicity was reduced by NAME as NO inhibitor. It is thus cleared that an increase of DNA damage by arginine and MMS is related to NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,
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Lenaerts I, Driesen RB, Blanco NH, Holemans P, Heidbüchel H, Janssens S, Balligand JL, Sipido KR, Willems R. Role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in a sheep model of persistent atrial fibrillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 15:754-60. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Shahin S, Singh VP, Shukla RK, Dhawan A, Gangwar RK, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation-induced oxidative stress affects implantation or pregnancy in mice, Mus musculus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1727-51. [PMID: 23334843 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was designed to study the 2.45 GHz low-level microwave (MW) irradiation-induced stress response and its effect on implantation or pregnancy in female mice. Twelve-week-old mice were exposed to MW radiation (continuous wave for 2 h/day for 45 days, frequency 2.45 GHz, power density=0.033549 mW/cm(2), and specific absorption rate=0.023023 W/kg). At the end of a total of 45 days of exposure, mice were sacrificed, implantation sites were monitored, blood was processed to study stress parameters (hemoglobin, RBC and WBC count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio), the brain was processed for comet assay, and plasma was used for nitric oxide (NO), progesterone and estradiol estimation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-were determined in the liver, kidney and ovary. We observed that implantation sites were affected significantly in MW-irradiated mice as compared to control. Further, in addition to a significant increase in ROS, hemoglobin (p<0.001), RBC and WBC counts (p<0.001), N/L ratio (p<0.01), DNA damage (p<0.001) in brain cells, and plasma estradiol concentration (p<0.05), a significant decrease was observed in NO level (p<0.05) and antioxidant enzyme activities of MW-exposed mice. Our findings led us to conclude that a low level of MW irradiation-induced oxidative stress not only suppresses implantation, but it may also lead to deformity of the embryo in case pregnancy continues. We also suggest that MW radiation-induced oxidative stress by increasing ROS production in the body may lead to DNA strand breakage in the brain cells and implantation failure/resorption or abnormal pregnancy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahin
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India,
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50
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Byun MW. Effect of procyanidin C1 on nitric oxide production and hyperpolarization through Ca(2+)-dependent pathway in endothelial cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:1032-7. [PMID: 23057780 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, are protective against cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms of the beneficial effects are still unknown. The goal of this research was to clarify actions of procyanidin trimer (C1) in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Procyanidin C1 at concentrations up to 50 μM was not cytotoxic to the RAECs. The addition of procyanidin C1 to RAECs exerted a time-dependent hyperpolarization measured using a membrane potential-dependent fluorescent probe, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, whereas the hyperpolarization was significantly inhibited by the nonspecific K(+) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). Moreover, procyanidin C1 elevated intracellular Ca(2+) influx, which was totally abolished in the presence of Ca(2+)-free solution with EGTA. Procyanidin C1 caused a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. The effect was significantly inhibited by an NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, or TEA. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that procyanidin C1 plays a potent role in promoting Ca(2+)-mediated signals such as the hyperpolarization via multiple K(+) channel activations and the NO release in RAECs, suggesting that procyanidin C1 may represent novel and effective therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Woo Byun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea.
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