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Bao Y, Wang L, Liu H, Yang J, Yu F, Cui C, Huang D. A Diagnostic Model for Parkinson's Disease Based on Anoikis-Related Genes. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3641-3656. [PMID: 38001358 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and its pathological mechanisms are thought to be closely linked to apoptosis. Anoikis, a specific type of apoptosis, has recently been suggested to play a role in the progression of Parkinson's disease; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To explore the potential mechanisms involved in PD, we selected genes from the GSE28894 dataset and compared their expression in PD patients and healthy controls to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and selected anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) from the DEGs. Furthermore, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach and multivariate logistic regression highlighted five key genes-GSK3B, PCNA, CDC42, DAPK2, and SRC-as biomarker candidates. Subsequently, we developed a nomogram model incorporating these 5 genes along with age and sex to predict and diagnose PD. To evaluate the model's coherence, clinical applicability, and distinguishability, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the C-index, and calibration curves and validated it in both the GSE20295 dataset and our center's external clinical data. In addition, we confirmed the differential expression of the 5 model genes in human blood samples through qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Our constructed anoikis-related PD diagnostic model exhibits satisfactory predictive accuracy and offers novel insights into both diagnosis and treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease while facilitating its implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Bao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lufeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Ito S, Kuromiya K, Sekai M, Sako H, Sai K, Morikawa R, Mukai Y, Ida Y, Anzai M, Ishikawa S, Kozawa K, Shirai T, Tanimura N, Sugie K, Ikenouchi J, Ogawa M, Naguro I, Ichijo H, Fujita Y. Accumulation of annexin A2 and S100A10 prevents apoptosis of apically delaminated, transformed epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307118120. [PMID: 37844241 PMCID: PMC10614624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In various epithelial tissues, the epithelial monolayer acts as a barrier. To fulfill its function, the structural integrity of the epithelium is tightly controlled. When normal epithelial cells detach from the basal substratum and delaminate into the apical lumen, the apically extruded cells undergo apoptosis, which is termed anoikis. In contrast, transformed cells often become resistant to anoikis and able to survive and grow in the apical luminal space, leading to the formation of multilayered structures, which can be observed at the early stage of carcinogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we first demonstrate that S100A10 and ANXA2 (Annexin A2) accumulate in apically extruded, transformed cells in both various cell culture systems and murine epithelial tissues in vivo. ANXA2 acts upstream of S100A10 accumulation. Knockdown of ANXA2 promotes apoptosis of apically extruded RasV12-transformed cells and suppresses the formation of multilayered epithelia. In addition, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in apically extruded RasV12 cells. Treatment with ROS scavenger Trolox reduces the occurrence of apoptosis of apically extruded ANXA2-knockdown RasV12 cells and restores the formation of multilayered epithelia. Furthermore, ROS-mediated p38MAPK activation is observed in apically delaminated RasV12 cells, and ANXA2 knockdown further enhances the p38MAPK activity. Moreover, the p38MAPK inhibitor promotes the formation of multilayered epithelia of ANXA2-knockdown RasV12 cells. These results indicate that accumulated ANXA2 diminishes the ROS-mediated p38MAPK activation in apically extruded transformed cells, thereby blocking the induction of apoptosis. Hence, ANXA2 can be a potential therapeutic target to prevent multilayered, precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Ito
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuromiya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Sekai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sako
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Riho Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Yohei Mukai
- Protein Targeting Biologics, KAN Research Institute, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoko Ida
- Protein Targeting Biologics, KAN Research Institute, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Moe Anzai
- Protein Targeting Biologics, KAN Research Institute, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo060-0815, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Takanobu Shirai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Sugie
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ogawa
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Naguro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
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3
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Wang H, Lin F, Xu Z, Yu S, Li G, Liao S, Zhao W, Zhang F, Wang J, Wang S, Ouyang C, Zhang C, Xia H, Wu Y, Jiang B, Li Q. ZEB1 Transcriptionally Activates PHGDH to Facilitate Carcinogenesis and Progression of HCC. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:541-556. [PMID: 37331567 PMCID: PMC10469392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of its excessive expression and promotion of SSP. In previous experiments we found that SSP flux was diminished by knockdown of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), a stimulator of HCC metastasis, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to determine how SSP flux is regulated by ZEB1 and the contribution of such regulation to carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. METHODS We used genetic mice with Zeb1 knockout in liver specifically to determine whether Zeb1 deficiency impacts HCC induced by the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine plus CCl4. We explored the regulatory mechanism of ZEB1 in SSP flux using uniformly-labeled [13C]-glucose tracing analyses, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, luciferase report assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We determined the contribution of the ZEB1-PHGDH regulatory axis to carcinogenesis and metastasis of HCC by cell counting assay, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, scratch wound assay, Transwell assay, and soft agar assay in vitro, orthotopic xenograft, bioluminescence, and H&E assays in vivo. We investigated the clinical relevance of ZEB1 and PHGDH by analyzing publicly available data sets and 48 pairs of HCC clinical specimens. RESULTS We identified that ZEB1 activates PHGDH transcription by binding to a nonclassic binding site within its promoter region. Up-regulated PHGDH augments SSP flux to enable HCC cells to be more invasive, proliferative, and resistant to reactive oxygen species and sorafenib. Orthotopic xenograft and bioluminescence assays have shown that ZEB1 deficiency significantly impairs the tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC, and such impairments can be rescued to a large extent by exogenous expression of PHGDH. These results were confirmed by the observation that conditional knockout of ZEB1 in mouse liver dramatically impedes carcinogenesis and progression of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine/CCl4, as well as PHGDH expression. In addition, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinical HCC samples showed that the ZEB1-PHGDH regulatory axis predicts poor prognosis of HCC. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 plays a crucial role in stimulating carcinogenesis and progression of HCC by activating PHGDH transcription and subsequent SSP flux, deepening our knowledge of ZEB1 as a transcriptional factor in fostering the development of HCC via reprogramming the metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guannan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Liao
- First Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fengqiong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hailong Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qinxi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Hu Q, Chen J, Yang W, Xu M, Zhou J, Tan J, Huang T. GPX3 expression was down-regulated but positively correlated with poor outcome in human cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:990551. [PMID: 36845676 PMCID: PMC9947857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.990551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer is a crucial public health problem and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that GPX3 may be involved in cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. However, how GPX3 affects cancer patients' outcomes and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods Sequencing data and clinical data from TCGA, GTEx, HPA, and CPTAC were used to explore the relationship between GPX3 expression and clinical features. Immunoinfiltration scores were used to assess the relationship between GPX3 and the tumor immune microenvironment. Functional enrichment analysis was used to predict the role of GPX3 in tumors. Gene mutation frequency, methylation level, and histone modification were used to predict the GPX3 expression regulation method. Breast, ovarian, colon, and gastric cancer cells were used to investigate the relationship between GPX3 expression and cancer cell metastasis, proliferation, and chemotherapy sensitivity. Results GPX3 is down-regulated in various tumor tissues, and GPX3 expression level can be used as a marker for cancer diagnosis. However, GPX3 expression is associated with higher stage and lymph node metastasis, as well as poorer prognosis. GPX3 is closely related to thyroid function and antioxidant function, and its expression may be regulated by epigenetic inheritance such as methylation modification or histone modification. In vitro experiments, GPX3 expression is associated with cancer cell sensitivity to oxidant and platinum-based chemotherapy and is involved in tumor metastasis in oxidative environments. Discussion We explored the relationship between GPX3 and clinical features, immune infiltration characteristics, migration and metastasis, and chemotherapy sensitivities of human cancers. We further investigated the potential genetic and epigenetic regulation of GPX3 in cancer. Our results suggested that GPX3 plays a complicated role in the tumor microenvironment, simultaneously promoting metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tan
- *Correspondence: Tao Huang, ; Jie Tan,
| | - Tao Huang
- *Correspondence: Tao Huang, ; Jie Tan,
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5
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Zhang Z, Dalan R, Hu Z, Wang JW, Chew NW, Poh KK, Tan RS, Soong TW, Dai Y, Ye L, Chen X. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202169. [PMID: 35470476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule-targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS-scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 408433, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119609, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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HBXIP induces anoikis resistance by forming a reciprocal feedback loop with Nrf2 to maintain redox homeostasis and stabilize Prdx1 in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35027562 PMCID: PMC8758767 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoikis resistance is an essential prerequisite for tumor metastasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we report that the oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is prominently upregulated in breast cancer cells following ECM detachment. Altering HBXIP expression can impair the anchorage-independent growth ability of tumor cells. Mechanistically, HBXIP, which binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) to activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), contains a cis-acting antioxidant response element (ARE) in the gene promoter and is a target gene of Nrf2. The HBXIP/Nrf2 axis forms a reciprocal positive feedback loop that reinforces the expression and tumor-promoting actions of each protein. In response to ECM detachment, Nrf2 reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, protects the mitochondrial membrane potential and increases cellular ATP, GSH and NADPH levels to maintain breast cancer cell survival. Meanwhile, the reinforcement of HBXIP induced by Nrf2 inhibits JNK1 activation by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Prdx1, which also plays an essential role in promoting ECM-detached cell survival. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was identified between HBXIP expression and Prdx1 expression in clinical breast cancer tissues and TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas clinical data of breast invasive carcinoma based on the cBioPortal cancer genomics database. Co-expression of HBXIP and Prdx1 predicts a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Collectively, our findings reveal a significant mechanism by which the HBXIP/Nrf2 feedback loop contributes to anoikis resistance by maintaining redox homeostasis and inhibiting JNK1 activation and support the likely therapeutic value of the HBXIP/Nrf2 axis in breast cancer patients.
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Chan YH, Ramji DP. Investigation of Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Profile and Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:301-311. [PMID: 35237973 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function and activity are key indicators of overall cell health and mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with disruptions in normal cellular function. Altered mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism has been implicated in processes involved in ageing and associated pathologies. In atherosclerosis, compromised mitochondrial respiration can promote plaque instability and other processes that encourage pathogenesis and dysfunction. For example, increasing respiration promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and attenuates macrophage and VSMC apoptosis. Use of Agilent Seahorse technology to study mitochondrial bioenergetics has largely replaced previous outdated methods which provided limited insight into mitochondrial function and were associated with various issues. This chapter describes the use of Seahorse Agilent technology (Mito Stress Test) to study key parameters of mitochondrial respiration on cultured cells relevant to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Liu Z, Cheng J, Zhang P, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Targeting Oxidative Phosphorylation-Proteasome Activity in Extracellular Detached Cells Promotes Anoikis and Inhibits Metastasis. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010042. [PMID: 35054435 PMCID: PMC8779336 DOI: 10.3390/life12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis arises owing to tumor cells’ capacity to evade pro-apoptotic signals. Anoikis—the apoptosis of detached cells (from the extracellular matrix (ECM)) is often circumvented by metastatic cells as a result of biochemical and molecular transformations. These facilitate cells’ ability to survive, invade and reattach to secondary sites. Here, we identified deregulated glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and proteasome in anchorage-independent cells compared to adherent cells. Metformin an anti-diabetic drug that reduces blood glucose (also known to inhibit mitochondrial Complex I), and proteasome inhibitors were employed to target these changes. Metformin or proteasome inhibitors alone increased misfolded protein accumulation, sensitized tumor cells to anoikis, and impaired pulmonary metastasis in the B16F10 melanoma model. Mechanistically, metformin reduced cellular ATP production, activated AMPK to foster pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR) through enhanced expression of CHOP in ECM detached cells. Furthermore, AMPK inhibition reduced misfolded protein accumulation, thus highlight relevance of AMPK activation in facilitating metformin-induced stress and UPR cell death. Our findings provide insights into the molecular biology of anoikis resistance and identified metformin and proteasome inhibitors as potential therapeutic options for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Adeleye O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jian Cheng
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
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Jeong SJ, Park JG, Oh GT. Peroxiredoxins as Potential Targets for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081244. [PMID: 34439492 PMCID: PMC8389283 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) is considered a common etiology in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular cells is essential to maintain normal physiological functions. Numerous regulators of cellular homeostasis are reportedly influenced by ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an endogenous ROS in aerobic cells, is a toxic substance that can induce OS. However, many studies conducted over the past two decades have provided substantial evidence that H2O2 acts as a diffusible intracellular signaling messenger. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), maintain the balance of ROS levels against augmentation of ROS production during the pathogenesis of CVD. Especially, Prdxs are regulatory sensors of transduced intracellular signals. The intracellular abundance of Prdxs that specifically react with H2O2 act as regulatory proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of Prdxs in the regulation of ROS-induced pathological changes in the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.P.); (G.T.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4122 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-4128 (G.T.O.); Fax: +82-42-860-4149 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-3760 (G.T.O.)
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.P.); (G.T.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4122 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-4128 (G.T.O.); Fax: +82-42-860-4149 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-3760 (G.T.O.)
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10
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Afolabi LO, Bi J, Chen L, Wan X. A natural product, Piperlongumine (PL), increases tumor cells sensitivity to NK cell killing. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107658. [PMID: 33887610 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are components of innate immune surveillance against transformed cells. NK cell immunotherapy has attracted attention as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, whose antitumor effects, however, require further improvement. The use of small molecules with immunomodulatory potentials and selective tumor-killing possesses the potential to complement immunotherapy. This study demonstrated that Piperlongumine (PL), a natural alkaloid obtained from long pepper fruit, alone has antitumor and anti-proliferative potential on all the tested tumors in vitro. PL pretreatment of tumor cells also potentiates their susceptibility to NK cell cytolysis at the doses where NK cell functions were preserved. Importantly, PL suppresses both NK -sensitive MHC-I -deficient and MHC-I -sufficient tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, PL induces misfolded proteins, impedes autophagy, increases ROS and tumor conjugation with NK cells. Furthermore, PL enhances the expression of NK cell-activating receptors on NK cells and its ligands on tumor cells, possibly leading to increased susceptibility to NK cell killing. Our findings showed the antitumor and immunomodulatory potential of PL, which could be explored to complement NK cell immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Biological Products/immunology
- Biological Products/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Dioxolanes/immunology
- Dioxolanes/pharmacology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman O Afolabi
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Bi
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China.
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11
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Majstrowicz K, Honnert U, Nikolaus P, Schwarz V, Oeding SJ, Hemkemeyer SA, Bähler M. Coordination of mitochondrial and cellular dynamics by the actin-based motor Myo19. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268312. [PMID: 34013964 PMCID: PMC8186483 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin XIX (Myo19) is an actin-based motor that competes with adaptors of microtubule-based motors for binding to the outer mitochondrial transmembrane proteins Miro1 and Miro2 (collectively Miro, also known as RhoT1 and RhoT2, respectively). Here, we investigate which mitochondrial and cellular processes depend on the coordination of Myo19 and microtubule-based motor activities. To this end, we created Myo19-deficient HEK293T cells. Mitochondria in these cells were not properly fragmented at mitosis and were partitioned asymmetrically to daughter cells. Respiratory functions of mitochondria were impaired and ROS generation was enhanced. On a cellular level, cell proliferation, cytokinesis and cell-matrix adhesion were negatively affected. On a molecular level, Myo19 regulates focal adhesions in interphase, and mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrially associated levels of fission protein Drp1 and adaptor proteins dynactin and TRAK1 at prometaphase. These alterations were due to a disturbed coordination of Myo19 and microtubule-based motor activities by Miro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majstrowicz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Honnert
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Nikolaus
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Oeding
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Stulpinas A, Uzusienis T, Imbrasaite A, Krestnikova N, Unguryte A, Kalvelyte AV. Cell-cell and cell-substratum contacts in the regulation of MAPK and Akt signalling: Importance in therapy, biopharmacy and bioproduction. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110034. [PMID: 33933583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of cultured cells as a tool for research, precision medicine, biopharmacy, and biomanufacturing is constantly increasing. In parallel, the role of cell-cell and cell-substratum contacts in cell functioning is increasingly validated. Adhesion signalling plays a key role here. The activity of cell fate-regulating signalling molecules is an important factor in determining cell behaviour, as well as their response to treatment, depending on cell phenotypic status and location in the body. Three cellular state models (adherent, single cells in suspension, and aggregated cells) were compared for cell signalling, including focal adhesion (FAK), mitogen-activated (MAPK), as well as Akt protein kinases, and transcription factor cJun, by using lung adenocarcinoma A549, muscle-derived stem Myo, as well as primary lung cancer cell lines. Survival of both A549 and Myo cells was dependent on kinases Akt and ERK in detached conditions. Intercellular contacts in aggregates promoted activation of Akt and ERK, and cell survival. Loss of contacts with the substrate increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases JNK and p38, while decreased Akt phosphorylation by processes involving FAK. Unexpectedly, detachment increased phosphorylation of antiapoptotic kinase ERK in A549, while in Myo stem cells ERK phosphorylation was downregulated. JNK target transcription factor cJun protein level was markedly diminished by contacts between cells possibly involving mechanism of proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, studies revealed the opposite dependence of molecules of the same signalling pathway - phospho-cJun and phospho-JNK - on cell culture density. Differences in ERK activation under detachment conditions indicate that targeting of prosurvival kinases during anoikis should be different in different cells. Moreover, the outcome of JNK activation in cells may depend on the amount of cJun, which is determined by cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Stulpinas
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Uzusienis
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Imbrasaite
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Natalija Krestnikova
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Unguryte
- Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Audrone V Kalvelyte
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Lithuania.
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13
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Abstract
Viral infections lead to the death of more than a million people each year around the world, both directly and indirectly. Viruses interfere with many cell functions, particularly critical pathways for cell death, by affecting various intracellular mediators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major example of these mediators because they are involved in many (if not most) cellular mechanisms. Virus-regulated miRNAs have been implicated in three cell death pathways, namely, apoptosis, autophagy, and anoikis. Several molecules (e.g., BECN1 and B cell lymphoma 2 [BCL2] family members) are involved in both apoptosis and autophagy, while activation of anoikis leads to cell death similar to apoptosis. These mechanistic similarities suggest that common regulators, including some miRNAs (e.g., miR-21 and miR-192), are involved in different cell death pathways. Because the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is pivotal to the homeostasis of the human body, miRNAs that regulate cell death pathways have drawn much attention from researchers. miR-21 is regulated by several viruses and can affect both apoptosis and anoikis via modulating various targets, such as PDCD4, PTEN, interleukin (IL)-12, Maspin, and Fas-L. miR-34 can be downregulated by viral infection and has different effects on apoptosis, depending on the type of virus and/or host cell. The present review summarizes the existing knowledge on virus-regulated miRNAs involved in the modulation of cell death pathways. Understanding the mechanisms for virus-mediated regulation of cell death pathways could provide valuable information to improve the diagnosis and treatment of many viral diseases.
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14
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Boese AC, Kang S. Mitochondrial metabolism-mediated redox regulation in cancer progression. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101870. [PMID: 33509708 PMCID: PMC8113029 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display abnormal metabolic activity as a result of activated oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The Warburg Effect is a common metabolic feature of cancer that involves a preference for aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP and building blocks for biosynthesis. However, emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial metabolic pathways are also reprogrammed in cancer and play vital roles in bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and managing redox homeostasis. The mitochondria act a central hub for metabolic pathways that generate ATP and building blocks for lipid, nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis. However, mitochondrial respiration is also a leading source of reactive oxygen species that can damage cellular organelles and trigger cell death if levels become too high. In general, cancer cells are reported to have higher levels of reactive oxygen species than their non-cancerous cells of origin, and therefore must employ diverse metabolic strategies to prevent oxidative stress. However, mounting evidence indicates that the metabolic profiles between proliferative and disseminated cancer cells are not the same. In this review, we will examine mitochondrial metabolic pathways, such as glutaminolysis, that proliferative and disseminated cancer cells utilize to control their redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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15
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Chen F, Su R, Ni S, Liu Y, Huang J, Li G, Wang Q, Zhang X, Yang Y. Context-dependent responses of Drosophila intestinal stem cells to intracellular reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2020; 39:101835. [PMID: 33360688 PMCID: PMC7772796 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cellular redox environment and serve as signaling molecules. Excessive ROS can lead to oxidative stress that are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological conditions. Stem cells have unique ROS regulation while cancer cells frequently show a constitutive oxidative stress that is associated with the invasive phenotype. Antioxidants have been proposed to forestall tumor progression while targeted oxidants have been used to destroy tumor cells. However, the delicate beneficial range of ROS levels for stem cells and tumor cells under distinct contexts remains elusive. Here, we used Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cell (ISCs) as an in vivo model system to tackle this question. The ROS levels of ISCs remained low in comparison to that of differentiated cells and increased with ageing, which was accompanied by elevated proliferation of ISCs in aged Drosophila. Neither upregulation nor downregulation of ROS levels significantly affected ISCs, implicating an intrinsic homeostatic range of ROS in ISCs. Interestingly, we observed similar moderately elevated ROS levels in both tumor-like ISCs induced by Notch (N) depletion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-deprived ISCs induced by β-integrin (mys) depletion. Elevated ROS levels further promoted the proliferation of tumor-like ISCs while reduced ROS levels suppressed the hyperproliferation phenotype; on the other hand, further increased ROS facilitated the survival of ECM-deprived ISCs while reduced ROS exacerbated the loss of ECM-deprived ISCs. However, N- and mys-depleted ISCs, which resembled metastatic tumor cells, harbored even higher ROS levels and were subjected to more severe cell loss, which could be partially prevented by ectopic supply of antioxidant enzymes, implicating a delicate pro-surviving and proliferating range of ROS levels for ISCs. Taken together, our results revealed stem cells can differentially respond to distinct ROS levels under various conditions and suggested that the antioxidant-based intervention of stem cells and tumors should be formulated with caution according to the specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Run Su
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Shiwei Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Jiexiang Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Gege Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China.
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16
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Hubbard WB, Dong JF, Cruz MA, Rumbaut RE. Links between thrombosis and inflammation in traumatic brain injury. Thromb Res 2020; 198:62-71. [PMID: 33290884 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a major healthcare problem and there is much to be explored regarding the secondary pathobiology to identify early predictive markers and new therapeutic targets. While documented changes in thrombosis and inflammation in major trauma have been well described, growing evidence suggests that isolated TBI also results in systemic alterations in these mechanisms. Here, we review recent experimental and clinical findings that demonstrate how blood-brain barrier dysfunction, systemic immune response, inflammation, platelet activation, and thrombosis contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of TBI. Despite advances in the links between thrombosis and inflammation, there is a lack of treatment options aimed at both processes and this could be crucial to treating vascular injury, local and systemic inflammation, and secondary ischemic events following TBI. With emerging evidence of newly-identified roles for platelets, leukocytes, the coagulation system and extracellular vesicles in processes of inflammation and thrombosis, there is a growing need to characterize these mechanisms within the context of TBI and whether these changes persist into the chronic phase of injury. Importantly, this review defines areas in need of further research to advance the field and presents a roadmap to identify new diagnostic and treatment options for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rolando E Rumbaut
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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17
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Microparticles-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and its Amelioration by Antioxidant Activity of Baicalin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090890. [PMID: 32962240 PMCID: PMC7555600 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles (0.1–1.0 μm in size), released in response to cell activation or apoptosis. Endothelial microparticles (EC-MP), vascular smooth muscle cell microparticles (VSMC-MP), and macrophage microparticles (MØ-MP) are key hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. In our current study, we investigated the potent antioxidant activity of baicalin to ameliorate MP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, as well as the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophage (RAW264.7). In our study, baicalin suppressed the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NO production, foam cell formation, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in MØ-MP-induced RAW264.7. In addition, VSMC migration induced by VSMC-MP was dose-dependently inhibited by baicalin. Likewise, baicalin inhibits metalloproteinase-9 expression and suppresses VSMC-MP-induced VSMC proliferation by down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expressions. Baicalin also inhibited ROS production and apoptosis in VSMC. In EC, the marker of endothelial dysfunction (endothelial senescence, upregulation of ICAM, and ROS production) induced by EC-MP was halted by baicalin. Our results suggested that baicalin exerts potent biological activity to restore the function of EC and VSMC altered by their corresponding microparticles and inhibits the release of inflammation markers from activated macrophages.
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18
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Stockert JC. Lipid Peroxidation Assay Using BODIPY-Phenylbutadiene Probes: A Methodological Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2202:199-214. [PMID: 32857357 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0896-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of reactive oxygen species has increasing importance in biomedical sciences, due to their biological role in signaling pathways and induction of cell damage at low and high concentrations, respectively. Detection of lipid peroxidation with sensing probes such as some BODIPY dyes has now wide application in studies using fluorescent microplate readers, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Two phenylbutadiene derivatives of BODIPY are commonly used as peroxidation probes, non-oxidized probes and oxidized products giving red and green fluorescence, respectively. Peculiar features of lipoperoxidation and BODIPY dye properties make this assessment a rather complex process, not exempt of doubts and troubles. Color changes and fluorescence fading that are not due to lipid peroxidation must be taken into account to avoid misleading results. As a characteristic feature of lipoperoxidation is the propagation of peroxyl radicals, pitfalls and advantages of a delayed detection by BODIPY probes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Stockert
- Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Mahoney-Sánchez L, Bouchaoui H, Ayton S, Devos D, Duce JA, Devedjian JC. Ferroptosis and its potential role in the physiopathology of Parkinson's Disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 196:101890. [PMID: 32726602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor impairments as well as non-motor symptoms. While dopamine-based therapies are effective in fighting the symptoms in the early stages of the disease, a lack of neuroprotective drugs means that the disease continues to progress. Along with the traditionally recognised pathological hallmarks of dopaminergic neuronal death and intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) depositions, iron accumulation, elevated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation damage are further conspicuous features of PD pathophysiology. However, the underlying mechanisms linking these pathological hallmarks with neurodegeneration still remain unclear. Ferroptosis, a regulated iron dependent cell death pathway involving a lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides, shares several features with PD pathophysiology. Interestingly, α-syn has been functionally linked with the metabolism of both iron and lipid, suggesting a possible interplay between dysregulated α-syn and other PD pathological hallmarks related to ferroptosis. This review will address the importance for understanding these disease mechanisms that could be targeted therapeutically. Anti-ferroptosis molecules are neuroprotective in PD animal models and the anti-ferroptotic iron chelator, deferiprone, slowed disease progression and improved motor function in two independent clinical trials for PD. An ongoing larger multi-centre phase 2 clinical trial will confirm the therapeutic potential of deferiprone and the relevance of ferroptosis in PD. This review addresses the known pathological features of PD in relation to the ferroptosis pathway with therapeutic implications of targeting this cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mahoney-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1172, University Hospital Centre, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, France
| | - Hind Bouchaoui
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1172, University Hospital Centre, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, France
| | - Scott Ayton
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1172, University Hospital Centre, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, France.
| | - James A Duce
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jean-Christophe Devedjian
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1172, University Hospital Centre, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-1, place de l'Yser, BP 72033, 59375, Dunkerque Cedex, France
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20
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Safari E, Hassan ZM. Immunomodulatory effects of shark cartilage: Stimulatory or anti-inflammatory. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The Warburg effect is prevalent in human cancer. Accordingly, most cancer cells display highly elevated glycolysis without proportionally increasing pyruvate oxidation. The metastatic process imposes strong selective pressure on cancer cells, and metastasizing cancer cells experience heightened oxidative stress. By constraining mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the Warburg effect helps cancer cells to minimize oxidative stress, thereby facilitating metastatic dissemination. The PGC1α transcriptional coactivator is a central coordinator of oxidative metabolism. While promoting oxidative metabolism and reversing the Warburg effect, PGC1α critically activates antioxidant genes and protects cells against oxidative damage. Therefore, depending on the context, PGC1α may promote or suppress tumor metastasis. Cancer cells generally retain metabolic flexibility and can resist antiglycolysis treatment by undergoing metabolic reprogramming. Synthetic lethal combination therapies are thus essential to attack the liabilities of the Warburg metabolism for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3633, USA.
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22
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Acute and chronic hypoxia differentially predispose lungs for metastases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10246. [PMID: 31308473 PMCID: PMC6629695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in oxygen levels affect malignant cell growth, survival, and metastasis, but also somatic cell behaviour. In this work, we studied the effect of the differential expression of the two primary hypoxia inducible transcription factor isoforms, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and pulmonary hypoxia to investigate how the hypoxia response of the vascular endothelium remodels the lung pre-metastatic niche. Molecular responses to acute versus chronic tissue hypoxia have been proposed to involve dynamic HIF stabilization, but the downstream consequences and the extent to which differential lengths of exposure to hypoxia can affect HIF-isoform activation and secondary organ pre-disposition for metastasis is unknown. We used primary pulmonary endothelial cells and mouse models with pulmonary endothelium-specific deletion of HIF-1α or HIF-2α, to characterise their roles in vascular integrity, inflammation and metastatic take after acute and chronic hypoxia. We found that acute hypoxic response results in increased lung metastatic tumours, caused by HIF-1α-dependent endothelial cell death and increased microvascular permeability, in turn facilitating extravasation. This is potentiated by the recruitment and retention of specific myeloid cells that further support a pro-metastatic environment. We also found that chronic hypoxia delays tumour growth to levels similar to those seen in normoxia, and in a HIF-2α-specific fashion, correlating with increased endothelial cell viability and vascular integrity. Deletion of endothelial HIF-2α rendered the lung environment more vulnerable to tumour cell seeding and growth. These results demonstrate that the nature of the hypoxic challenge strongly influences the nature of the endothelial cell response, and affects critical parameters of the pulmonary microenvironment, significantly impacting metastatic burden. Additionally, this work establishes endothelial cells as important players in lung remodelling and metastatic progression.
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Wang W, Shen XB, Huang DB, Jia W, Liu WB, He YF. Peroxiredoxin 4 suppresses anoikis and augments growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the β-catenin/ID2 pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:769-781. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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24
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Ferro F, Servais S, Besson P, Roger S, Dumas JF, Brisson L. Autophagy and mitophagy in cancer metabolic remodelling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:129-138. [PMID: 31154012 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumours is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer, participating both in tumour growth and cancer progression. Cancer cells develop global metabolic adaptations allowing them to survive in the low oxygen and nutrient tumour microenvironment. Among these metabolic adaptations, cancer cells use glycolysis but also mitochondrial oxidations to produce ATP and building blocks needed for their high proliferation rate. Another particular adaptation of cancer cell metabolism is the use of autophagy and specific forms of autophagy like mitophagy to recycle intracellular components in condition of metabolic stress or during anticancer treatments. The plasticity of cancer cell metabolism is a major limitation of anticancer treatments and could participate to therapy resistances. The aim of this review is to report recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between tumour metabolism and autophagy/mitophagy in order to propose new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferro
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.
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25
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Loss of cell-matrix contact increases hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent transcriptional activity in glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:77-84. [PMID: 31128911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a variety of malignomas, the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype has been linked with anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness. To some extent, glioma cells are able to survive a loss of cell-matrix contact. We here describe that non-adherent culture of glioma cells was accompanied by an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent, but not β-catenin/TCF-induced transcription. Levels of reactive oxygen species decreased in suspension and knockdown of HIF-1α enhanced cell death following detachment. By promoting the adaptation to non-adherent conditions, mechanisms driven by HIF-1α may considerably contribute to the biology and aggressiveness of glioblastoma.
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Huang Y, Kwan KKL, Leung KW, Wang H, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. The Extracts and Major Compounds Derived from Astragali Radix Alter Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Cultured Cardiomyocytes: Comparison of Various Polar Solvents and Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1574. [PMID: 29799462 PMCID: PMC6032251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) is a widely used "Qi-invigorating" herb in China for its tonic effects in strengthening biological tissues. The extract of AR contains abundant antioxidants, including astragalosides and isoflavonoids. However, very few reports have systematically measured the effects of the major components of AR on cell mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here, a systemic approach employing an extracellular flux analyzer was developed to evaluate mitochondrial respiration in cultured cardiomyocyte cells H9C2. The effects of different polar extractives, as well as of the major compounds of AR, were compared. The contents of astragaloside IV, calycosin, formononetin, and genistein in the AR extracts obtained by using water, 50% ethanol, and 90% ethanol were measured by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC⁻MS). The antioxidant activities of the AR extracts, as well as of their major compounds, were determined by measuring the free radical scavenging activity and protective effects in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-treated H9C2 cells. By monitoring the real-time oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in tBHP-treated cardiomyocytes with a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, the tonic effects of the AR extracts and of their main compounds on mitochondrial bioenergetics were evaluated. AR water extracts possessed the strongest antioxidant activity and protective effects in cardiomyocytes exposed to oxidative stress. The protection was proposed to be mediated via increasing the spare respiratory capacity and mitochondrial ATP production in the stressed cells. The major compounds of AR, astragaloside IV and genistein, showed opposite effects in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics. These results demonstrate that highly polar extracts of AR, especially astragaloside-enriched extracts, possess better tonic effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics of cultured cardiomyocytes than extracts with a lower polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kenneth Kin Leung Kwan
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Xiang Peng Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Huang Y, Kwan KKL, Leung KW, Yao P, Wang H, Dong TT, Tsim KWK. Ginseng extracts modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics of live cardiomyoblasts: a functional comparison of different extraction solvents. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:517-526. [PMID: 31695560 PMCID: PMC6823796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is the most widely used “Qi-invigorating” herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative stress, influencing energy metabolism, and improving mitochondrial function. Very few reports have systematically measured cell mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginseng treatment. Methods Here, H9C2 cell line, a rat cardiomyoblast, was treated with ginseng extracts having extracted using solvents of different polarity, i.e., water, 50% ethanol, and 90% ethanol, and subsequently, the oxygen consumption rate in healthy and tert-butyl hydroperoxide–treated live cultures was determined by Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Results The 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng possessed the strongest antioxidative and tonic activities to mitochondrial respiration and therefore provided the best protective effects to H9C2 cardiomyocytes. By increasing the spare respiratory capacity of stressed H9C2 cells up to three-folds of that of healthy cells, the 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng greatly improved the tolerance of myocardial cells to oxidative damage. Conclusion These results demonstrated that the low polarity extracts of ginseng could be the best extract, as compared with others, in regulating the oxygen consumption rate of cultured cardiomyocytes during mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Guangdong, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Kin Leung Kwan
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Guangdong, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Guangdong, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Guangdong, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Guangdong, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Hu B, Zhang T, An HM, Zheng JL, Yan X, Huang XW. Herbal formula YGJDSJ inhibits anchorage-independent growth and induces anoikis in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 29338725 PMCID: PMC5771203 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on clinical medications and related studies, we established a Yang-Gan Jie-Du Sang-Jie (YGJDSJ) herbal formula for hepatocarcinoma treatment. In present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer potential of YGJDSJ on suspension-grown human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. Methods Bel-7402 cells were cultured in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly-HEMA) coated plates and treated with YGJDSJ. Anchorage-independent cell growth was detected by cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and soft agar colony formation assay. Anoikis was detected by ethdium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) staining and flow cytometry analysis. Caspases activities were detected by the cleavage of chromogenic substrate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Protein expression and phosphorylation was identified by western blot. Protein expression was knocked-down by siRNA. Results YGJDSJ inhibited the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells in poly-HEMA coated plates and anchorage-independent growth of Bel-7402 cells in soft agar. YGJDSJ also induced anoikis in Bel-7402 cells as indicated by EthD-1 staining and flow cytometry analysis. YGJDSJ activated caspase-3, − 8, and − 9 in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly abrogated the effects of YGJDSJ on anoikis in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. In addition, YGJDSJ increased ROS in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) partially attenuated YGJDSJ-induced activation of caspase-3, − 8 and − 9 and anoikis in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. Furthermore, YGJDSJ inhibited expression and phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) in suspension-grown Bel-7402 cells. Over-expression of PTK2 significantly abrogated YGJDSJ induced anoikis. Conclusions YGJDSJ inhibits anchorage-independent growth and induce caspase-mediated anoikis in Bel-7402 cells, and may relate to ROS generation and PTK2 downregulation.
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Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine-289 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25113-24. [PMID: 26848621 PMCID: PMC5041892 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect, which reflects cancer cells' preference for aerobic glycolysis over glucose oxidation, contributes to tumor growth, progression and therapy resistance. The restraint on pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in cancer cells is in part attributed to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Src is a prominent oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. However, the potential role of Src in tumor metabolism remained unclear. Here we report that activation of Src attenuated PDH activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, Src inhibitors activated PDH and increased cellular ROS levels. Src inactivated PDH through direct phosphorylation of tyrosine-289 of PDH E1α subunit (PDHA1). Indeed, Src was the main kinase responsible for PDHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Expression of a tyrosine-289 non-phosphorable PDHA1 mutant in Src-hyperactivated cancer cells restored PDH activity, increased mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, decreased experimental metastasis, and sensitized cancer cells to pro-oxidant treatment. The results suggest that Src contributes to the Warburg phenotype by inactivating PDH through tyrosine phosphorylation, and the metabolic effect of Src is essential for Src-driven malignancy and therapy resistance. Combination therapies consisting of both Src inhibitors and pro-oxidants may improve anticancer efficacy.
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31
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Sachs UJ, Santoso S. Bleeding or no bleeding? Anti-endothelial alphaVbeta3 antibodies as a major cause of intracranial haemorrhage in fetal-neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. J. Sachs
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg; Marburg Germany
- German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI); University Hospital Giessen and Marburg; Giessen Germany
| | - S. Santoso
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
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Chen L, Brewer MD, Guo L, Wang R, Jiang P, Yang X. Enhanced Degradation of Misfolded Proteins Promotes Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3143-3154. [PMID: 28355566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate cellular capacity to degrade misfolded proteins is critical for cell survival and organismal health. A diminished capacity is associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the consequences of an enhanced capacity remain undefined. Here, we report that the ability to clear misfolded proteins is increased during oncogenic transformation and is reduced upon tumor cell differentiation. The augmented capacity mitigates oxidative stress associated with oncogenic growth and is required for both the initiation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes. We show that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins select misfolded proteins for proteasomal degradation. The higher degradation power in tumor cells is attributed to the upregulation of the proteasome and especially TRIM proteins, both mediated by the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. These findings establish a critical role of TRIMs in protein quality control, connect the clearance of misfolded proteins to antioxidant defense, and suggest an intrinsic characteristic of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Brewer
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruoxing Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wang H, Zhou R, Sun L, Xia J, Yang X, Pan C, Huang N, Shi M, Bin J, Liao Y, Liao W. TOP1MT deficiency promotes GC invasion and migration via the enhancements of LDHA expression and aerobic glycolysis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:565-578. [PMID: 28874393 PMCID: PMC5633043 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis plays an important role in cancer progression. New target genes regulating cancer aerobic glycolysis must be explored to improve patient prognosis. Mitochondrial topoisomerase I (TOP1MT) deficiency suppresses glucose oxidative metabolism but enhances glycolysis in normal cells. Here, we examined the role of TOP1MT in gastric cancer (GC) and attempted to determine the underlying mechanism. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments and analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC, we found that TOP1MT expression was lower in GC samples than in adjacent nonmalignant tissues. TOP1MT knockdown significantly promoted GC migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo Importantly, TOP1MT silencing increased glucose consumption, lactate production, glucose transporter 1 expression and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC. Additionally, regulation of glucose metabolism induced by TOP1MT was significantly associated with lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression. A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 295 patients with GC demonstrated that low TOP1MT expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, recurrence and high mortality rates. TOP1MT deficiency enhanced glucose aerobic glycolysis by stimulating LDHA to promote GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Wang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of OncologyZhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianling Xia
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuchun Yang
- Department of OncologyZhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Changqie Pan
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of CardiologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of CardiologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Minol JP, Reinsch I, Luik M, Leferink A, Barth M, Assmann A, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. Focal induction of ROS-release to trigger local vascular degeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179342. [PMID: 28614411 PMCID: PMC5470706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the process of cardiovascular degeneration. We evaluated the potential of a controlled, local induction of ROS-release by application of rose bengal (RB) and photo energy to induce atherosclerosis-like focal vascular degeneration in vivo. After injection of RB, rats fed with a pro-degenerative diet underwent focal irradiation of the abdominal aorta by a green laser (ROS group), while the controls received irradiation without RB. Aortic tissue was analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry at 0, 2, 4, 8, 28 and 56 days (n = 5). The intimal surface topography was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. In the ROS group, an initial thrombus formation had disappeared by day 8. Similarly, ROS-derived products displayed the highest concentrations at day 0. Relative matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity achieved a maximum after 8 days (ROS group vs. CONTROL GROUP 1.60 ± 0.11 vs. 0.98 ± 0.01; p < 0.001). After 28 days, no significant differences in any aspect were found between the ROS group and the controls. However, after 56 days, the aortic tissue of ROS animals exhibited relative media-pronounced thickening (ROS vs. CONTROL 2.15 ± 0.19 vs. 0.87 ± 0.10; p < 0.001) with focal calcification and reduced expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA). The ROS-releasing application of RB and photo energy allowed for the induction of vascular degeneration in a rodent model. This protocol may be used for the focal induction of vascular disease without systemic side effects and can thereby elucidate the role of ROS in the multifactorial processes of vessel degeneration and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Minol
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabella Reinsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Luik
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Leferink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Assmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Li M, Dong JF, Zhang J. Cellular microparticles and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Protein Cell 2017; 8:801-810. [PMID: 28466387 PMCID: PMC5676589 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The finding that cellular microparticles (MPs) generated by injured cells profoundly impact on pathological courses of TBI has paved the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MPs are subcellular fragments or organelles that serve as carriers of lipids, adhesive receptors, cytokines, nucleic acids, and tissue-degrading enzymes that are unique to the parental cells. Their sub-micron sizes allow MPs to travel to areas that parental cells are unable to reach to exercise diverse biological functions. In this review, we summarize recent developments in identifying a casual role of MPs in the pathologies of TBI and suggest that MPs serve as a new class of therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of TBI and associated systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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36
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Ferroptosis and cell death mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 104:34-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhang J, Guo L, Zhou X, Dong F, Li L, Cheng Z, Xu Y, Liang J, Xie Q, Liu J. Dihydroartemisinin induces endothelial cell anoikis through the activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1896-1900. [PMID: 27602117 PMCID: PMC4998146 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The anti-malarial agent dihydroartemisinin (DHA) demonstrates potent anti-angiogenic activity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. During the process of angiogenesis, endothelial cells migrating from existing capillaries may undergo programmed cell death after detaching from the extracellular matrix, a process that is defined as anchorage-dependent apoptosis or anoikis. In the present study, DHA-induced cell death was compared in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in suspension and attached to culture plates. In suspended HUVECs, the cell viability was decreased and apoptosis was increased with the treatment of 50 µM DHA for 5 h, while the same treatment did not affect the attached HUVECs. In addition, 50 µM DHA increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in suspended HUVECs, but not in attached HUVECs, for up to 5 h of treatment. The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, reversed DHA-induced cell death in suspended HUVECs, suggesting that the JNK pathway may mediate DHA-induced endothelial cell anoikis. The data from the present study indicates a novel mechanism for understanding the anti-angiogenic effects of DHA, which may be used as a component for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ling Guo
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Li
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zuowang Cheng
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong 271021, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong 271021, P.R. China
| | - Jiyong Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Santoso S, Wihadmadyatami H, Bakchoul T, Werth S, Al-Fakhri N, Bein G, Kiefel V, Zhu J, Newman PJ, Bayat B, Sachs UJ. Antiendothelial αvβ3 Antibodies Are a Major Cause of Intracranial Bleeding in Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1517-24. [PMID: 27283740 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a severe bleeding disorder, which can result in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), leading to death or neurological sequelae. In whites, maternal anti-human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) antibodies are responsible for the majority of cases. No predictive factors for ICH are available to guide prophylactic treatment during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated antibodies from mothers with ICH-positive fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and with ICH-negative fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia to identify serological and functional differences between the groups. APPROACH AND RESULTS In an antigen capture assay, we observed a stronger binding of +ICH antibodies to endothelial cell (EC)-derived αvβ3. By absorption experiments, we subsequently identified anti-HPA-1a antibodies of anti-αvβ3 specificity in the +ICH but not in the -ICH cohort. Only the anti-αvβ3 subtype, but not the anti-β3 subtype, induced EC apoptosis of HPA-1a-positive ECs by caspase-3/7 activation, and mediated by reactive oxygen species. In addition, only the anti-αvβ3 subtype, but not the anti-β3 subtype, interfered with EC adhesion to vitronectin and with EC tube formation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the composition of the anti-HPA-1a antibody subtype(s) of the mother may determine whether ICH occurs. Analysis of anti-HPA-1a antibodies of the anti-αvβ3 subtype in maternal serum has potential in the diagnostic prediction of ICH development and may allow for modification of prophylactic treatment in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sentot Santoso
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.).
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Silke Werth
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Nadia Al-Fakhri
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Gregor Bein
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Volker Kiefel
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Peter J Newman
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Behnaz Bayat
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.)
| | - Ulrich J Sachs
- From the Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (S.S., H.W., S.W., G.B., B.B., U.J.S.); Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (H.W.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany (T.B.); Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (N.A.-F., U.J.S.) and German Center for Fetomaternal Incompatibility (DZFI) (G.B., U.J.S.), University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (V.K.); and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.Z., P.J.N.).
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Stockert JC, Blázquez-Castro A. Establishing the subcellular localization of photodynamically-induced ROS using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine: A methodological proposal, with a proof-of-concept demonstration. Methods 2016; 109:175-179. [PMID: 27154745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both physiological and pathological processes in cell biology makes their detection and assessment a fundamental topic in biomedical research. Established methodologies to study ROS in cell biology take advantage of oxidation reactions between the ROS and a reduced probe. After reacting the probe reveals the presence of ROS either by the appearance of colour (chromogenic reaction) or fluorescence (fluorogenic reaction). However current methodologies rarely allow for a site-specific detection of ROS production. Here we propose a colorimetric reaction driven by the oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) by photodynamically-produced ROS that allows for fine detection of the ROS production site. The introduced methodology is fast, easy to implement and permits cellular resolution at the submicrometric level. Although the basic protocol is proved in a photodynamic model of ROS generation, the principle is applicable to many different scenarios of intracellular ROS production. As a consequence this proposed methodology should greatly complement other techniques aiming at establishing a precise subcellular localization of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Stockert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain; Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Evaluation of MicroRNAs Regulating Anoikis Pathways and Its Therapeutic Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:716816. [PMID: 26587543 PMCID: PMC4637442 DOI: 10.1155/2015/716816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in almost every known survival mechanisms utilized by cancer cells. One of such mechanisms, anoikis resistance, plays a pivotal role in enabling metastasis by allowing cancer cells to circumvent cell death induced by lack of attachment. Understanding how miRNAs regulate the various anoikis pathways has become the research question of increasing number of studies published in the past years. Through these studies, a growing list of miRNAs has been identified to be important players in promoting either anoikis or resistance to anoikis. In this review, we will be focusing on these miRNAs and how the findings from those studies can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies against cancer progression. We will be examining miRNAs that have been found to promote anoikis sensitivity in numerous cancer types followed by miRNAs that inhibit anoikis. In addition, we will also be taking a look at major signaling pathways involved in the action of the each of these miRNAs to gain a better understanding on how miRNAs regulate anoikis.
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Orrenius S, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B. Calcium and mitochondria in the regulation of cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:72-81. [PMID: 25998735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The calcium ion has long been known to play an important role in cell death regulation. Hence, necrotic cell death was early associated with intracellular Ca(2+) overload, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition and functional collapse. Subsequent characterization of the signaling pathways in apoptosis revealed that Ca(2+)/calpain was critically involved in the processing of the mitochondrially localized, Apoptosis Inducing Factor. More recently, the calcium ion has been demonstrated to play important regulatory roles also in other cell death modalities, notably autophagic cell death and anoikis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the mechanisms involved in Ca(2+) regulation of these various modes of cell death with a focus on the importance of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Orrenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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42
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Cusimano A, Puleio R, D'Alessandro N, Loria GR, McCubrey JA, Montalto G, Cervello M. Cytotoxic activity of the novel small molecule AKT inhibitor SC66 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1707-22. [PMID: 25596737 PMCID: PMC4359326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by limited response to current drug therapies. Here, we report that SC66, a novel AKT inhibitor, reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. SC66 treatment led to a reduction in total and phospho-AKT levels. This was associated with alterations in cytoskeleton organization, a reduction in expression levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin and phospho-FAK, together with up-regulation of Snail protein levels. All these alterations were coupled with anoikis cell death induction. In addition, SC66 induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. Pre-treatment with the ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC) prevented SC66-induced cell growth inhibition and anoikis. SC66 significantly potentiated the effects of both conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted agents, doxorubicin and everolimus, respectively. In vivo, SC66 inhibited tumor growth of Hep3B cells in xenograft models, with a similar mechanism observed in the in vitro model. Taken together, these data indicate that the AKT inhibitor SC66 had antitumor effects on HCC cells. This was mediated by ROS production, induction of anoikis-mediated cell death and inhibition of the AKT cell survival pathway. Our results provide a rational basis for the use of SC66 in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cusimano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Area Diagnostica Specialistica, Laboratorio di Istopatologia ed Immunoistochimica, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale D'Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D'Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido R. Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Area Diagnostica Specialistica, Laboratorio di Istopatologia ed Immunoistochimica, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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Sawant DA, Wilson RL, Tharakan B, Stagg HW, Hunter FA, Childs EW. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability: role of intrinsic apoptotic signaling. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:971-80. [PMID: 25392259 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-apoptotic cytokine, is involved in vascular hyperpermeability, tissue edema, and inflammation. We hypothesized that TNF-α induces microvascular hyperpermeability through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Rat lung microvascular endothelial cells grown on Transwell inserts, chamber slides, or dishes were treated with recombinant TNF-α (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK (100 μM). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin (5 mg/ml) was used as a marker of monolayer permeability. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential using JC-1. The adherens junction integrity and actin cytoskeletal organization were studied using β-catenin immunofluorescence and rhodamine phalloidin, respectively. Caspase-3 activity was measured fluorometrically. The pretreatment with Z-DEVD-FMK (100 μM) attenuated TNF-α-induced (10 ng/ml) disruption of the adherens junctions, actin stress fiber formation, increased caspase-3 activity, and monolayer hyperpermeability (p < 0.05). TNF-α (10 ng/ml) treatment resulted in increased mitochondrial ROS formation and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Intrinsic apoptotic signaling-mediated caspase-3 activation plays an important role in regulating TNF-α-induced endothelial cell hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra A Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
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Piekarski AL, Kong BW, Lassiter K, Hargis BM, Bottje WG. Cell bioenergetics in Leghorn male hepatoma cells and immortalized chicken liver cells in response to 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal-induced oxidative stress. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2870-7. [PMID: 25143593 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The major objectives of this study were to compare cell bioenergetics in 2 avian liver cell lines under control conditions and in response to oxidative stress imposed by 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (4-HNE). Cells in this study were from a chemically immortalized Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line and a spontaneously immortalized chicken liver (CELi) cell line. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was monitored in specialized microtiter plates using an XF24 Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience, Billerica, MA). Cell bioenergetics was assessed by sequential additions of oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), and antimycin-A that enables the determination of a) OCR linked to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activity, b) mitochondrial oxygen reserve capacity, c) proton leak, and d) nonmitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Under control (unchallenged) conditions, LMH cells exhibited higher basal OCR and higher OCR attributed to each of the bioenergetic components listed above compared with CELi cells. When expressed as a percentage of maximal OCR (following uncoupling with FCCP), LMH cells exhibited higher OCR due to ATP synthase and proton leak activity, but lower mitochondrial oxygen reserve capacity compared with CELi cells; there were no differences in OCR associated with nonmitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Whereas the LMH cells exhibited robust ATP synthase activity up to 50 μM 4-HNE, CELi cells exhibited a progressive decline in ATP synthase activity with 10, 20, and 30 μM 4-HNE. The CELi cells exhibited higher mitochondrial oxygen reserve capacity compared with LMH cells with 0 and 20 μM 4-HNE but not with 30 μM 4-HNE. Both cell lines exhibited inducible proton leak in response to increasing levels of 4-HNE that was evident with 30 μM 4-HNE for CELi cells and with 40 and 50 μM 4-HNE in LMH cells. The results of these studies demonstrate fundamental differences in cell bioenergetics in 2 avian liver-derived cell lines under control conditions and in response to oxidative challenge due to 4-HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Piekarski
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - B-W Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - K Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - B M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - W G Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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Kardeh S, Ashkani-Esfahani S, Alizadeh AM. Paradoxical action of reactive oxygen species in creation and therapy of cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:150-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Guaragnella N, Marra E, Galli A, Moro L, Giannattasio S. Silencing of BRCA2 decreases anoikis and its heterologous expression sensitizes yeast cells to acetic acid-induced programmed cell death. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1330-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lu J, Tan M, Cai Q. The Warburg effect in tumor progression: mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:156-64. [PMID: 24732809 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared to normal cells, cancer cells strongly upregulate glucose uptake and glycolysis to give rise to increased yield of intermediate glycolytic metabolites and the end product pyruvate. Moreover, glycolysis is uncoupled from the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cancer cells. Consequently, the majority of glycolysis-derived pyruvate is diverted to lactate fermentation and kept away from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. This metabolic phenotype is known as the Warburg effect. While it has become widely accepted that the glycolytic intermediates provide essential anabolic support for cell proliferation and tumor growth, it remains largely elusive whether and how the Warburg metabolic phenotype may play a role in tumor progression. We hereby review the cause and consequence of the restrained oxidative metabolism, in particular in the context of tumor metastasis. Cells change or lose their extracellular matrix during the metastatic process. Inadequate/inappropriate matrix attachment generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes a specific type of cell death, termed anoikis, in normal cells. Although anoikis is a barrier to metastasis, cancer cells have often acquired elevated threshold for anoikis and hence heightened metastatic potential. As ROS are inherent byproducts of oxidative metabolism, forced stimulation of glucose oxidation in cancer cells raises oxidative stress and restores cells' sensitivity to anoikis. Therefore, by limiting the pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the Warburg effect enables cancer cells to avoid excess ROS generation from mitochondrial respiration and thus gain increased anoikis resistance and survival advantage for metastasis. Consistent with this notion, pro-metastatic transcription factors HIF and Snail attenuate oxidative metabolism, whereas tumor suppressor p53 and metastasis suppressor KISS1 promote mitochondrial oxidation. Collectively, these findings reveal mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as a critical suppressor of metastasis and justify metabolic therapies for potential prevention/intervention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Qingsong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Bavarsad Shahripour R, Harrigan MR, Alexandrov AV. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in neurological disorders: mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities. Brain Behav 2014; 4:108-22. [PMID: 24683506 PMCID: PMC3967529 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an expanding field of research investigating the benefits of medicines with multiple mechanisms of action across neurological disorders. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), widely known as an antidote to acetaminophen overdose, is now emerging as treatment of vascular and nonvascular neurological disorders. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. AIM AND DISCUSSION Most NAC studies up to date have been carried out in animal models of various neurological disorders with only a few studies completed in humans. In psychiatry, NAC has been tested in over 20 clinical trials as an adjunctive treatment; however, this topic is beyond the scope of this review. Herein, we discuss NAC molecular, intracellular, and systemic effects, focusing on its potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases including spinocerebellar ataxia, Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundbor type as well as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION Finally, we review the potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R Harrigan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
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Yang Y, Huang H, Ba Y, Cheng XM, Cui LX. Effect of oxidative stress on fluoride-induced apoptosis in primary cultured Sertoli cells of rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:1-9. [PMID: 24521312 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.883595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of oxidative stress on the apoptosis of Sertoli cells induced by sodium fluoride (NaF). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis were measured after the rat Sertoli cells were exposed to various concentrations of (0, 6, 12, and 24 μg/ml) sodium fluoride in the presence and absence of 2 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 24 h. The present study showed that decrease in cell viability and excessive oxidative stress were observed in NaF-treated cells. The treatment with NAC restored the decreased cell viability and excessive oxidative stress. Moreover, fluoride exposure decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptosis in Sertoli cells. NAC was also found to suppress a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the percentage of apoptosis in NaF-treated Sertoli cells. This study proved that oxidative stress probably play a major role in NaF-induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , ZhengZhou , P. R. China
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Molognoni F, de Melo FHM, da Silva CT, Jasiulionis MG. Ras and Rac1, frequently mutated in melanomas, are activated by superoxide anion, modulate Dnmt1 level and are causally related to melanocyte malignant transformation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81937. [PMID: 24358134 PMCID: PMC3864863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A melanocyte malignant transformation model was developed in our laboratory, in which different melanoma cell lines were obtained after submitting the non-tumorigenic melanocyte lineage melan-a to sequential cycles of anchorage impediment. Our group has already showed that increased superoxide level leads to global DNA hypermemethylation as well increased Dnmt1 expression few hours after melanocyte anchorage blockade. Here, we showed that Ras/Rac1/ERK signaling pathway is activated in melanocytes submitted to anchorage impediment, regulating superoxide levels, global DNA methylation, and Dnmt1 expression. Interestingly, Ras and Rac1 activation is not related to codon mutations, but instead regulated by superoxide. Moreover, the malignant transformation was drastically compromised when melan-a melanocytes were submitted to sequential cycles of anchorage blockage in the presence of a superoxide scavenger. This aberrant signaling pathway associated with a sustained stressful condition, which might be similar to conditions such as UV radiation and inflammation, seems to be an early step in malignant transformation and to contribute to an epigenetic reprogramming and the melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Molognoni
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Tainah da Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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