1
|
Mahesutihan M, Yan J, Midilibieke H, Yu L, Dawulin R, Yang WX, Wulasihan M. Role of cyclophilin A in aggravation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via regulation of apoptosis mediated by thioredoxin-interacting protein. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242142. [PMID: 38669522 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression and persistence of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) are strongly linked to local inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Cyclophilin A (CypA), a pro-inflammatory factor, is involved in various cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of action of CypA in MI/RI are still not fully understood. METHODS We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for bioinformatic analysis. We collected blood samples from patients and controls for detecting the levels of serum CypA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We then developed a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model in wild-type (WT) mice and Ppia-/- mice. We utilized echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to determine the role of CypA in myocardial I/R injury. Finally, we conducted an in vitrostudy, cell transfection, flow cytometry, RNA interference, and a co-immunoprecipitation assay to clarify the mechanism of CypA in aggravating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. RESULTS We found that CypA inhibited TXNIP degradation to enhance oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis during MI/RI. By comparing and analyzing CypA expression in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and in healthy controls, we found that CypA was upregulated in patients with Coronary Atmospheric Heart Disease, and its expression was positively correlated with Gensini scores. In addition, CypA deficiency decreased cytokine expression, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in I/R-treated mice, eventually alleviating cardiac dysfunction. CypA knockdown also reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Mechanistically, we found that CypA inhibited K48-linked ubiquitination mediated by atrophin-interacting protein 4 (AIP4) and proteasomal degradation of TXNIP, a thioredoxin-binding protein that mediates oxidative stress and induces apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the critical role CypA plays in myocardial injury caused by oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, indicating that CypA can be a viable biomarker and a therapeutic target candidate for MI/RI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madina Mahesutihan
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ju Yan
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hasidaer Midilibieke
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Reyizha Dawulin
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Xian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhuyati Wulasihan
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seizer P, von Ungern-Sternberg SNI, Haug V, Dicenta V, Rosa A, Butt E, Nöthel M, Rohlfing AK, Sigle M, Nawroth PP, Nussbaum C, Sperandio M, Kusch C, Meub M, Sauer M, Münzer P, Bieber K, Stanger A, Mack AF, Huber R, Brand K, Lehners M, Feil R, Poso A, Krutzke K, Schäffer TE, Nieswandt B, Borst O, May AE, Zernecke A, Gawaz M, Heinzmann D. Cyclophilin A is a ligand for RAGE in thrombo-inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:385-402. [PMID: 38175781 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophilin A (CyPA) induces leucocyte recruitment and platelet activation upon release into the extracellular space. Extracellular CyPA therefore plays a critical role in immuno-inflammatory responses in tissue injury and thrombosis upon platelet activation. To date, CD147 (EMMPRIN) has been described as the primary receptor mediating extracellular effects of CyPA in platelets and leucocytes. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) shares inflammatory and prothrombotic properties and has also been found to have similar ligands as CD147. In this study, we investigated the role of RAGE as a previously unknown interaction partner for CyPA. METHODS AND RESULTS Confocal imaging, proximity ligation, co-immunoprecipitation, and atomic force microscopy were performed and demonstrated an interaction of CyPA with RAGE on the cell surface. Static and dynamic cell adhesion and chemotaxis assays towards extracellular CyPA using human leucocytes and leucocytes from RAGE-deficient Ager-/- mice were conducted. Inhibition of RAGE abrogated CyPA-induced effects on leucocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in vitro. Accordingly, Ager-/- mice showed reduced leucocyte recruitment and endothelial adhesion towards CyPA in vivo. In wild-type mice, we observed a downregulation of RAGE on leucocytes when endogenous extracellular CyPA was reduced. We furthermore evaluated the role of RAGE for platelet activation and thrombus formation upon CyPA stimulation. CyPA-induced activation of platelets was found to be dependent on RAGE, as inhibition of RAGE, as well as platelets from Ager-/- mice showed a diminished activation and thrombus formation upon CyPA stimulation. CyPA-induced signalling through RAGE was found to involve central signalling pathways including the adaptor protein MyD88, intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION We propose RAGE as a hitherto unknown receptor for CyPA mediating leucocyte as well as platelet activation. The CyPA-RAGE interaction thus represents a novel mechanism in thrombo-inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ostalbklinikum Aalen, Aalen, Germany
| | - Saskia N I von Ungern-Sternberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena Haug
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Dicenta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Rosa
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elke Butt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Nöthel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Sigle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-ICD Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Nussbaum
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology und Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology und Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Heisenberg Group Cardiovascular Thromboinflammation and Translational Thrombocardiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Bieber
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology und Pulmonology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Stanger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology und Pulmonology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas F Mack
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analytics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Lehners
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), Tübingen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections' (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Krutzke
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Heisenberg Group Cardiovascular Thromboinflammation and Translational Thrombocardiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E May
- Department of Cardiology, Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Heinzmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schiene‐Fischer C, Fischer G, Braun M. Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201597. [PMID: 35290695 PMCID: PMC9804594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins, enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity, are relevant to a large variety of biological processes. The most abundant member of this enzyme family, cyclophilin A, is the cellular receptor of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). As a consequence of the pathophysiological role of cyclophilins, particularly in viral infections, there is a broad interest in cyclophilin inhibition devoid of immunosuppressive activity. This Review first gives an introduction into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cyclophilins. The presentation of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors will commence with drugs based on chemical modifications of CsA. The naturally occurring macrocyclic sanglifehrins have become other lead structures for cyclophilin-inhibiting drugs. Finally, de novo designed compounds, whose structures are not derived from or inspired by natural products, will be presented. Relevant synthetic concepts will be discussed, but the focus will also be on biochemical studies, structure-activity relationships, and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Schiene‐Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg06099Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manfred Braun
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao Y, Peng K, Li X, Ye Y, Liu P, Zeng Y. The adhesion protein of Mycoplasma genitalium inhibits urethral epithelial cell apoptosis through CypA-CD147 activating PI3K/ Akt/NF-κB pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6657-6669. [PMID: 36066653 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
By interacting with the receptor on the host cells membrane, Mycoplasma genitalium, a prokaryotic bacterium primarily transmitted through sexual contact, can adhere to and even enter cells. The adhesion protein of M. genitalium (MgPa) plays a critical function in the adhering and subsequent invasion into host cells. Our prior studies verified that cyclophilin A (CypA) was the receptor of MgPa on human urethral epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1) membrane and could induce pro-inflammatory cytokines production through the CypA-CD147-ERK-NF-κB pathway. This research aims to understand how MgPa interacts with its membrane receptor CypA to cause apoptosis in host cells. We employed flow cytometry to see if MgPa prevents or enhances apoptosis of SV-HUC-1 cells. The apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were assayed using Western blot. Results suggested that MgPa could inhibit the apoptosis of SV-HUC-1 cells. And we demonstrated that interference with the expression of CypA or CD147 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of MgPa on SV-HUC-1 cells apoptosis, indicating that MgPa inhibited urothelial cells apoptosis through CypA/CD147. Furthermore, we discovered that MgPa regulates the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway through CypA/CD147 to inhibit SV-HUC-1 cells apoptosis. Ultimately, the inhibitory effect of MgPa on the apoptosis of the urothelial epithelial cells extracted from CypA-knockout mice was validated by Annexin V/PI assay. The results corroborated that MgPa could also inhibit mouse urothelial epithelial cells apoptosis. In summary, we demonstrated that MgPa could inhibit SV-HUC-1 cells apoptosis via regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway through CypA/CD147, providing experimental evidence for elucidating the survival strategies of M. genitalium in host cells. KEY POINTS: • M. genitalium protein of adhesion inhibited human urethral epithelial cells apoptosis through CypA-CD147 activating the signal pathway of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB • The knockdown of CypA and CD147 could downregulate the M. genitalium -activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in SV-HUC-1 cells • MgPa could inhibit the apoptosis of normal C57BL mouse primary urethral epithelial cells, but not for CypA-knockout C57BL mouse primary urethral epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Center of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou of University of South China, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Kailan Peng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moatar AI, Chis AR, Marian C, Sirbu IO. Gene Network Analysis of the Transcriptome Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Interacting MicroRNAs in COVID-19 Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169239. [PMID: 36012503 PMCID: PMC9409149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of June 2022, over 536 million confirmed COVID-19 disease cases and over 6.3 million deaths had been globally reported. COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease involving multiple intricated pathological mechanisms translated into clinical, biochemical, and molecular changes, including microRNAs. MicroRNAs are essential post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, being involved in the modulation of most biological processes. In this study, we characterized the biological impact of SARS-CoV-2 interacting microRNAs differentially expressed in COVID-19 disease by analyzing their impact on five distinct tissue transcriptomes. To this end, we identified the microRNAs’ predicted targets within the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tissues affected by high loads of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Next, we submitted the tissue-specific lists of the predicted microRNA-targeted DEGs to gene network functional enrichment analysis. Our data show that the upregulated microRNAs control processes such as mitochondrial respiration and cytokine and cell surface receptor signaling pathways in the heart, lymph node, and kidneys. In contrast, downregulated microRNAs are primarily involved in processes related to the mitotic cell cycle in the heart, lung, and kidneys. Our study provides the first exploratory, systematic look into the biological impact of the microRNAs associated with COVID-19, providing a new perspective for understanding its multiorgan physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ioana Moatar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aimee Rodica Chis
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-756-136-272
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gong M, Jia J. Contribution of blood-brain barrier-related blood-borne factors for Alzheimer’s disease vs. vascular dementia diagnosis: A pilot study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:949129. [PMID: 36003963 PMCID: PMC9393528 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.949129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common types of neurodegenerative dementia among the elderly with similar symptoms of cognitive decline and overlapping neuropsychological profiles. Biological markers to distinguish patients with VaD from AD would be very useful. We aimed to investigate the expression of blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related blood-borne factors of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (sLRP1), cyclophilin A (CyPA), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and its correlation with cognitive function between patients with AD and VaD. Materials and methods Plasma levels of sLRP1, CyPA, and MMP9 were analyzed in 26 patients with AD, 27 patients with VaD, and 27 normal controls (NCs). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among biomarker levels, cognitive function, and imaging references. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to discriminate the diagnosis of AD and VaD. Results Among these BBB-related factors, plasma CyPA levels in the VaD group were significantly higher than that in the AD group (p < 0.05). Plasma sLRP1 levels presented an increasing trend in VaD while maintaining slightly low levels in patients with AD (p > 0.05). Plasma MMP9 in different diagnostic groups displayed the following trend: VaD group > AD group > NC group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, plasma sLRP1 levels were positively related to MoCA scores, and plasma CyPA levels were significantly correlated with MTA scores (p < 0.05) in the AD group. Plasma MMP9 levels were negatively correlated with MoCA scores (p < 0.05) in the VaD groups. No significant correlation was detected between the other factors and different cognitive scores (p > 0.05). ROC analysis showed a good preference of plasma CyPA [AUC = 0.725, 95% CI (0.586–0.865); p = 0.0064] in diagnosis. Conclusion The plasma CyPA level is a reference index when distinguishing between an AD and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) diagnosis. Blood-derived factors associated with the BBB may provide new insights into the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Jia,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Multiple Roles of CD147 in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158336. [PMID: 35955471 PMCID: PMC9369056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)147, also termed extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer or basigin, is a glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body, the oral cavity included. CD147 actively participates in physiological tissue development or growth and has important roles in reactive processes such as inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. It is worth noting that deregulated expression and/or activity of CD147 is observed in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases, as well as in neoplasms. Among the latter, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by an upregulation of CD147 in both the neoplastic and normal cells constituting the tumor mass. Most interestingly, the expression and/or activity of CD147 gradually increase as healthy oral mucosa becomes inflamed; hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions are then set on, and, eventually, OSCC develops. Based on these findings, here we summarize published studies which evaluate whether CD147 could be employed as a marker to monitor OSCC development and progression. Moreover, we describe CD147-promoted cellular and molecular events which are relevant to oral carcinogenesis, with the aim to provide useful information for assessing whether CD147 may be the target of novel therapeutic approaches directed against OSCC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Krocker JD, Lee KH, Henriksen HH, Wang YWW, Schoof EM, Karvelsson ST, Rolfsson Ó, Johansson PI, Pedroza C, Wade CE. Exploratory Investigation of the Plasma Proteome Associated with the Endotheliopathy of Trauma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6213. [PMID: 35682894 PMCID: PMC9181752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endotheliopathy of trauma (EoT) is associated with increased mortality following injury. Herein, we describe the plasma proteome related to EoT in order to provide insight into the role of the endothelium within the systemic response to trauma. METHODS 99 subjects requiring the highest level of trauma activation were included in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of endothelial and catecholamine biomarkers were performed on admission plasma samples, as well as untargeted proteome quantification utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma endothelial and catecholamine biomarker abundance was elevated in EoT. Patients with EoT (n = 62) had an increased incidence of death within 24 h at 21% compared to 3% for non-EoT (n = 37). Proteomic analysis revealed that 52 out of 290 proteins were differentially expressed between the EoT and non-EoT groups. These proteins are involved in endothelial activation, coagulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and include known damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and intracellular proteins specific to several organs. CONCLUSIONS We report a proteomic profile of EoT suggestive of a surge of DAMPs and inflammation driving nonspecific activation of the endothelial, coagulation, and complement systems with subsequent end-organ damage and poor clinical outcome. These findings support the utility of EoT as an index of cellular injury and delineate protein candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Krocker
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.-W.W.W.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.H.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Hanne H. Henriksen
- Center for Endotheliomics CAG, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yao-Wei Willa Wang
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.-W.W.W.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Erwin M. Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Sigurdur T. Karvelsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.T.K.); (Ó.R.)
| | - Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.T.K.); (Ó.R.)
| | - Pär I. Johansson
- Center for Endotheliomics CAG, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, & Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.H.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Charles E. Wade
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.-W.W.W.); (C.E.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
ACKR3 regulates platelet activation and ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1823. [PMID: 35383158 PMCID: PMC8983782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a critical role in thrombosis. Inhibition of platelet activation is a cornerstone in treatment of acute organ ischemia. Platelet ACKR3 surface expression is independently associated with all-cause mortality in CAD patients. In a novel genetic mouse strain, we show that megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deletion of ACKR3 results in enhanced platelet activation and thrombosis in vitro and in vivo. Further, we performed ischemia/reperfusion experiments (transient LAD-ligation and tMCAO) in mice to assess the impact of genetic ACKR3 deficiency in platelets on tissue injury in ischemic myocardium and brain. Loss of platelet ACKR3 enhances tissue injury in ischemic myocardium and brain and aggravates tissue inflammation. Activation of platelet-ACKR3 via specific ACKR3 agonists inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation and attenuates tissue injury in ischemic myocardium and brain. Here we demonstrate that ACKR3 is a critical regulator of platelet activation, thrombus formation and organ injury following ischemia/reperfusion. ACKR3 is a critical regulator of platelet-mediated thrombosis and organ injury following ischemia/reperfusion. Platelet ACKR3 surface expression is independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Braun M, Schiene-Fischer C, Fischer G. Non‐Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Braun
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Organic CHemistry Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Cordelia Schiene-Fischer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, GERMANY
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Meiosis: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften Abteilung Meiosis Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maugeri N, De Lorenzo R, Clementi N, Antonia Diotti R, Criscuolo E, Godino C, Tresoldi C, Angels For Covid-BioB Study Group B, Bonini C, Clementi M, Mancini N, Ciceri F, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Unconventional CD147-dependent platelet activation elicited by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:434-448. [PMID: 34710269 PMCID: PMC8646617 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet activation and thrombotic events characterizes COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To characterize platelet activation and determine if SARS-CoV-2 induces platelet activation. PATIENTS/METHODS We investigated platelet activation in 119 COVID-19 patients at admission in a university hospital in Milan, Italy, between March 18 and May 5, 2020. Sixty-nine subjects (36 healthy donors, 26 patients with coronary artery disease, coronary artery disease, and seven patients with sepsis) served as controls. RESULTS COVID-19 patients had activated platelets, as assessed by the expression and distribution of HMGB1 and von Willebrand factor, and by the accumulation of platelet-derived (plt) extracellular vesicles (EVs) and HMGB1+ plt-EVs in the plasma. P-selectin upregulation was not detectable on the platelet surface in a fraction of patients (55%) and the concentration of soluble P-selectin in the plasma was conversely increased. The plasma concentration of HMGB1+ plt-EVs of patients at hospital admission remained in a multivariate analysis an independent predictor of the clinical outcome, as assessed using a 6-point ordinal scale (from 1 = discharged to 6 = death). Platelets interacting in vitro with SARS-CoV-2 underwent activation, which was replicated using SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-viral particles and purified recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunits. Human platelets express CD147, a putative coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2, and Spike-dependent platelet activation, aggregation and granule release, release of soluble P-selectin and HMGB1+ plt-EVs abated in the presence of anti-CD147 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Hence, an early and intense platelet activation, which is reproduced by stimulating platelets in vitro with SARS-CoV-2, characterizes COVID-19 and could contribute to the inflammatory and hemostatic manifestations of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Maugeri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Molecular Haematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Haematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roşca AE, Vlădăreanu AM, Mirica R, Anghel-Timaru CM, Mititelu A, Popescu BO, Căruntu C, Voiculescu SE, Gologan Ş, Onisâi M, Iordan I, Zăgrean L. Taurine and Its Derivatives: Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect on Platelet Function and Their Antithrombotic Potential. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030666. [PMID: 35160118 PMCID: PMC8837186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a semi-essential, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, with a six times higher concentration in platelets than any other amino acid. It is highly beneficial for the organism, has many therapeutic actions, and is currently approved for heart failure treatment in Japan. Taurine has been repeatedly reported to elicit an inhibitory action on platelet activation and aggregation, sustained by in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro animal and human studies. Taurine showed effectiveness in several pathologies involving thrombotic diathesis, such as diabetes, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and others. As human prospective studies on thrombosis outcome are very difficult to carry out, there is an obvious need to validate existing findings, and bring new compelling data about the mechanisms underlying taurine and derivatives antiplatelet action and their antithrombotic potential. Chloramine derivatives of taurine proved a higher stability and pronounced selectivity for platelet receptors, raising the assumption that they could represent future potential antithrombotic agents. Considering that taurine and its analogues display permissible side effects, along with the need of finding new, alternative antithrombotic drugs with minimal side effects and long-term action, the potential clinical relevance of this fascinating nutrient and its derivatives requires further consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Eugen Roşca
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Ana-Maria Vlădăreanu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Radu Mirica
- Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Anghel-Timaru
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alina Mititelu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Căruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Şerban Gologan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias Clinical Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Minodora Onisâi
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
| | - Iuliana Iordan
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.); (I.I.)
- Department of Medical Semiology and Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-M.A.-T.); (C.C.); (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosa A, Butt E, Hopper CP, Loroch S, Bender M, Schulze H, Sickmann A, Vorlova S, Seizer P, Heinzmann D, Zernecke A. Cyclophilin A Is Not Acetylated at Lysine-82 and Lysine-125 in Resting and Stimulated Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031469. [PMID: 35163387 PMCID: PMC8836233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is widely expressed by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Upon activation, CyPA can be released into the extracellular space to engage in a variety of functions, such as interaction with the CD147 receptor, that contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. CyPA was recently found to undergo acetylation at K82 and K125, two lysine residues conserved in most species, and these modifications are required for secretion of CyPA in response to cell activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Herein we addressed whether acetylation at these sites is also required for the release of CyPA from platelets based on the potential for local delivery of CyPA that may exacerbate cardiovascular disease events. Western blot analyses confirmed the presence of CyPA in human and mouse platelets. Thrombin stimulation resulted in CyPA release from platelets; however, no acetylation was observed-neither in cell lysates nor in supernatants of both untreated and activated platelets, nor after immunoprecipitation of CyPA from platelets. Shotgun proteomics detected two CyPA peptide precursors in the recombinant protein, acetylated at K28, but again, no acetylation was found in CyPA derived from resting or stimulated platelets. Our findings suggest that acetylation of CyPA is not a major protein modification in platelets and that CyPA acetylation is not required for its secretion from platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Rosa
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Elke Butt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Christopher P. Hopper
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Stefan Loroch
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS), 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS), 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (S.L.); (A.S.)
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Sandra Vorlova
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
| | | | - David Heinzmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.R.); (E.B.); (C.P.H.); (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-931-201-48331
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khezri MR, Varzandeh R, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The probable role and therapeutic potential of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:6. [PMID: 35016612 PMCID: PMC8751460 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with a high mortality rate. The majority of deaths in this disease are caused by ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) followed by cytokine storm and coagulation complications. Although alterations in the level of the number of coagulation factors have been detected in samples from COVID-19 patients, the direct molecular mechanism which has been involved in this pathologic process has not been explored yet. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an intracellular pathway which plays a central role in cell survival. Also, in recent years the association between this pathway and coagulopathies has been well clarified. Therefore, based on the evidence on over-activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the current review, the probable role of this cellular pathway as a therapeutic target for the prevention of coagulation complications in patients with COVID-19 is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, 5715799313, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reza Varzandeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, 5715799313, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, 5715799313, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Kasozi KI, Zirintunda G, Aslam A, Allahyani M, Welburn SC, Batiha GES. Effects of β-Blockers on the Sympathetic and Cytokines Storms in Covid-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749291. [PMID: 34867978 PMCID: PMC8637815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a causative virus in the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Respiratory manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and sympatho-activation and in severe cases leads to sympathetic storm (SS). On the other hand, an exaggerated immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 invasion may lead to uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokine development of cytokine storm (CS). In Covid-19, there are interactive interactions between CS and SS in the development of multi-organ failure (MOF). Interestingly, cutting the bridge between CS and SS by anti-inflammatory and anti-adrenergic agents may mitigate complications that are induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in severely affected Covid-19 patients. The potential mechanisms of SS in Covid-19 are through different pathways such as hypoxia, which activate the central sympathetic center through carotid bodies chemosensory input and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cross the blood-brain barrier and activation of the sympathetic center. β2-receptors signaling pathway play a crucial role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage activation, and B-cells for the production of antibodies with inflammation exacerbation. β-blockers have anti-inflammatory effects through reduction release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with inhibition of NF-κB. In conclusion, β-blockers interrupt this interaction through inhibition of several mediators of CS and SS with prevention development of neural-cytokine loop in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence from this study triggers an idea for future prospective studies to confirm the potential role of β-blockers in the management of Covid-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Ismail Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department, Health Sciences Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Kabale Unviersity, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaidashev I, Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Torubara O, Yushchenko Y, Tyshkovska T, Kyslyi V, Belyaeva A, Maryniak D. Host gene variability and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review article. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07863. [PMID: 34458641 PMCID: PMC8382593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a global threat that influenced healthcare systems around the world. This virus caused an infection in humans with different clinical signs and syndromes, severity, and mortality. The key components of the COVID-19 molecular pathogenesis are coronavirus entry and replication, antigen presentation, humoral and cellular immunity, cytokine storm, coronavirus immune evasion. The analysis of recent literature displayed possible molecular targets in the key components of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. Some of these targets might have gene polymorphisms that influenced the COVID-19 course. Unfortunately, several findings are still putative or extrapolated from SARS and MERS experimental investigations or clinical trials. We systematised original data about gene polymorphisms of possible molecular targets and associations with the COVID-19 course. Most data were obtained for angiotensin-converting enzymes 1 and 2, TMPRSS2 gene polymorphisms. Only a few results were found for gene polymorphisms of adhesion molecules, interferon system components, cytokines, and transcriptional factors, oxidative stress and metabolic molecules, as well as haemocoagulation. Understanding the host gene variability and its associations with COVID-19 can provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity, complications, and mortality prognosis for the disease. Besides, these data might help in the identification of appropriate targets for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Kaidashev
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - O. Shlykova
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - O. Izmailova
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - O. Torubara
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | | | | | - V. Kyslyi
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - A. Belyaeva
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - D. Maryniak
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liang L, Lin R, Xie Y, Lin H, Shao F, Rui W, Chen H. The Role of Cyclophilins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2548-2560. [PMID: 34326693 PMCID: PMC8315013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) is a kind of ubiquitous protein family in organisms, which has biological functions such as promoting intracellular protein folding and participating in the pathological processes of inflammation and tumor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common intestinal diseases, but the etiology and pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear. IBD and CRC are closely associated, IBD has always been considered as one of the main risks of CRC. However, the role of Cyps in these two related intestinal diseases is rarely studied and reported. In this review, the expression of CypA, CypB and CypD in IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), and CRC, their relationship with the development of these two intestinal diseases, as well as the possible pathogenesis, were briefly summarized, so as to provide modest reference for clinical researches and treatments in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rongxiao Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Momi S, Petito E, Sebastiano M. Platelets and Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Bidirectional Interaction with Multiple Pathophysiologic Implications. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:136-145. [PMID: 33860521 DOI: 10.1055/a-1393-8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets contain and release several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a highly conserved protein family with multiple functions in organism defense and repair. Platelet-released MMPs as well as MMPs generated by other cells within the cardiovascular system modulate platelet function in health and disease. In particular, a normal hemostatic platelet response to vessel wall injury may be transformed into pathological thrombus formation by platelet-released and/or by locally generated MMPs. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets play a role not only in hemostasis but also in immune response, inflammation and allergy, atherosclerosis, and cancer development, and MMPs seem to contribute importantly to this role. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may open the way to novel therapeutic approaches to the inhibition of their pathogenic effects and lead to significant advances in the treatment of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Momi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Petito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Witte A, Rohlfing AK, Dannenmann B, Dicenta V, Nasri M, Kolb K, Sudmann J, Castor T, Rath D, Borst O, Skokowa J, Gawaz M. The chemokine CXCL14 mediates platelet function and migration via direct interaction with CXCR4. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:903-917. [PMID: 32239134 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Beyond classical roles in thrombosis and haemostasis, it becomes increasingly clear that platelets contribute as key players to inflammatory processes. The involvement of platelets in these processes is often mediated through a variety of platelet-derived chemokines which are released upon activation and act as paracrine and autocrine factors. In this study, we investigate CXCL14, a newly described platelet chemokine and its role in thrombus formation as well as monocyte and platelet migration. In addition, we examine the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a possible receptor for CXCL14 on platelets. Furthermore, with the use of artificially generated platelets derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we investigate the importance of CXCR4 for CXCL14-mediated platelet functions. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we showed that CXCL14 deficient platelets reveal reduced thrombus formation under flow compared with wild-type platelets using a standardized flow chamber. Addition of recombinant CXCL14 normalized platelet-dependent thrombus formation on collagen. Furthermore, we found that CXCL14 is a chemoattractant for platelets and mediates migration via CXCR4. CXCL14 promotes platelet migration of platelets through the receptor CXCR4 as evidenced by murine CXCR4-deficient platelets and human iPSC-derived cultured platelets deficient in CXCR4. We found that CXCL14 directly interacts with the CXCR4 as verified by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal CXCL14 as a novel platelet-derived chemokine that is involved in thrombus formation and platelet migration. Furthermore, we identified CXCR4 as principal receptor for CXCL14, an interaction promoting platelet migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Witte
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dannenmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Dicenta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Masoud Nasri
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kyra Kolb
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Sudmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Castor
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cyclophilin A inhibits A549 cell oxidative stress and apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227464. [PMID: 33393627 PMCID: PMC7846964 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive and inappropriate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress and is implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the immunophilin family, is secreted in response to ROS. To determine the role of CypA in oxidative stress injury, we investigated the role that CypA plays in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Here, we showed the protective effect of human recombinant CypA (hCypA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in A549 cells, which play crucial roles in lung cancer. Our results demonstrated that hCypA substantially promoted cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and attenuated ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in H2O2-induced A549 cells. Compared with H2O2-induced A549 cells, Caspase-3 activity in hCypA-treated cells was significantly reduced. Using Western blotting, we showed that hCypA facilitated Bcl-2 expression and inhibited Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and PARP-1 expression. Furthermore, hCypA activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in A549 cells in response to H2O2 stimulation. Additionally, peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity was required for PI3K/Akt activation by CypA. The present study showed that CypA protected A549 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, CypA might be a potential target for lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lv JJ, Wang H, Cui HY, Liu ZK, Zhang RY, Lu M, Li C, Yong YL, Liu M, Zhang H, Zhang TJ, Zhang K, Li G, Nan G, Zhang C, Guo SP, Wang L, Chen ZN, Bian H. Blockade of Macrophage CD147 Protects Against Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609090. [PMID: 33490072 PMCID: PMC7820343 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of macrophage-derived foam cells in the artery wall fuels atherosclerosis development. However, the mechanism of foam cell formation regulation remains elusive. We are committed to determining the role that CD147 might play in macrophage foam cell formation during atherosclerosis. In this study, we found that CD147 expression was primarily increased in mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions that were rich in macrophages and could be upregulated by ox-LDL. High-throughput compound screening indicated that ox-LDL-induced CD147 upregulation in macrophages was achieved through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Genetic deletion of macrophage CD147 protected against foam cell formation by impeding cholesterol uptake, probably through the scavenger receptor CD36. The opposite effect was observed in primary macrophages isolated from macrophage-specific CD147-overexpressing mice. Moreover, bioinformatics results indicated that CD147 suppression might exert an atheroprotective effect via various processes, such as cholesterol biosynthetic and metabolic processes, LDL and plasma lipoprotein clearance, and decreased platelet aggregation and collagen degradation. Our findings identify CD147 as a potential target for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yong Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Kun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ren-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Le Yong
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Institutes of Biomedicine and Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Nan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang-Ping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Bian
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chu MY, Huang HC, Li EM, Xu LY. CypA: A Potential Target of Tumor Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3787-3802. [PMID: 33121398 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201029161055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein. CypA, the intracellular target protein for the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA), plays important cellular roles through peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase). Increasing evidence shows that CypA is up-regulated in a variety of human cancers. In addition to being involved in the occurrence and development of multiple tumors, overexpression of CypA has also been shown to be strongly associated with malignant transformation. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the three main treatments for cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used as direct or adjuvant treatments for cancer. However, various side effects and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy bring great challenges to these two forms of treatment. According to recent reports, CypA can improve the chemosensitivity and/or radiosensitivity of cancers, possibly by affecting the expression of drug-resistant related proteins, cell cycle arrest and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of CypA in cancer, its impact on cancer chemotherapeutic and radiotherapy sensitivity, and the mechanism of action. It is suggested that CypA may be a novel potential therapeutic target for cancer chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yu Chu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - He-Cheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Ming Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Tang C. Targeting Platelet in Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249760. [PMID: 33371312 PMCID: PMC7767086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it has become increasingly clear that platelets are also involved in many other pathological processes of the vascular system, such as atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease, which preferentially develops at sites under disturbed blood flow with low speeds and chaotic directions. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are all risk factors for atherosclerosis. When the vascular microenvironment changes, platelets can respond quickly to interact with endothelial cells and leukocytes, participating in atherosclerosis. This review discusses the important roles of platelets in the plaque formation under pro-atherogenic factors. Specifically, we discussed the platelet behaviors under disturbed flow, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia conditions. We also summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in vascular inflammation during atherogenesis based on platelet receptors and secretion of inflammatory factors. Finally, we highlighted the studies of platelet migration in atherogenesis. In general, we elaborated an atherogenic role of platelets and the aspects that should be further studied in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-6588-0899
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dos Santos GP, Abukawa FM, Souza-Melo N, Alcântara LM, Bittencourt-Cunha P, Moraes CB, Jha BK, McGwire BS, Moretti NS, Schenkman S. Cyclophilin 19 secreted in the host cell cytosol by Trypanosoma cruzi promotes ROS production required for parasite growth. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13295. [PMID: 33222354 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been described to induce parasite proliferation in mammalian host cells. It is unknown how the parasite manages to increase host ROS levels. Here, we found that intracellular T. cruzi forms release in the host cytosol its major cyclophilin of 19 kDa (TcCyp19). Parasites depleted of TcCyp19 by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene replacement proliferate inefficiently and fail to increase ROS, compared to wild type parasites or parasites with restored TcCyp19 gene expression. Expression of TcCyp19 in L6 rat myoblast increased ROS levels and restored the proliferation of TcCyp19 depleted parasites. These events could also be inhibited by cyclosporin A, (a cyclophilin inhibitor), and by polyethylene glycol-linked to antioxidant enzymes. TcCyp19 was found more concentrated in the membrane leading edges of the host cells in regions that also accumulate phosphorylated p47phox , as observed to the endogenous cyclophilin A, suggesting some mechanisms involved with the translocation process of the regulatory subunit p47phox in the activation of the NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex. We concluded that cyclophilin released in the host cell cytosol by T. cruzi mediates the increase of ROS, required to boost parasite proliferation in mammalian hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pedroso Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Midori Abukawa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Normanda Souza-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Alcântara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Bittencourt-Cunha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hejmady S, Pradhan R, Alexander A, Agrawal M, Singhvi G, Gorain B, Tiwari S, Kesharwani P, Dubey SK. Recent advances in targeted nanomedicine as promising antitumor therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2227-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
In Part One of this exploration of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the author will evaluate the viral and cellular immunological basis for the condition. The virus demonstrates a remarkable capability not just to evade, but to exploit host immune characteristics to perpetuate viral replication. In this regard, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disables most antiviral mechanisms, including the early interferon response, and avoids detection to permit unimpeded viral multiplication. Consequently, antigen-presenting cells fail to adequately stimulate the T-cell receptor. As a consequence, T-cell p53 remains highly expressed, which in turn disables an adequate effector T-cell response.
Replicating SARS-CoV-2 double-strand RNA robustly activates protein kinase R (PKR)/PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). While the virus is grossly invulnerable to its antiviral effects, PKR is crucial for effecting the cytokine milieu in COVID-19. PERK is a component of the unfolded protein response, which eventuates in autophagy. SARS virions use double-membrane vesicles and adapt PERK signalling not only to avoid autophagy, but to facilitate replication. Viral activation of PKR/PERK is mutually exclusive to NLRP3 stimulation. The NLRP3 pathway elaborates IL-1β. This is chiefly a feature of paediatric SARS/SARS-CoV-2 cases. The difficulties encountered in predicting outcome and forging effective therapeutics speaks to the breadth of complexity of the immunopathogenesis of this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walsh
- Rheumatology Department, Harrogate and District Hospital, Harrogate, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li L, Luo D, Liao Y, Peng K, Zeng Y. Mycoplasma genitalium Protein of Adhesion Induces Inflammatory Cytokines via Cyclophilin A-CD147 Activating the ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Human Urothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2052. [PMID: 33013867 PMCID: PMC7509115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium protein of adhesion (MgPa) plays an important role in the process of adhesion and invasion of host cells by M. genitalium, and is thus significant for its pathogenic mechanisms in host cells. Our previous study has demonstrated that cyclophilin A (CypA) is the receptor for MgPa in human urothelial cells (SV-HUC-1) and can, therefore, mediate the adherence and invasion of M. genitalium into host cells by interacting with MgPa. However, the specific pathogenesis of M. genitalium to host cells and the possible pathogenic mechanism involved in the interaction of MgPa and CypA have never been clarified. The study aimed to elucidate the mechanism involved in the pathogenicity of MgPa. Recombinant MgPa (rMgPa) induced extracellular CypA (eCypA) was detected in SV-HUC-1 cells by ELISA, and the interaction between CypA and CD147 was validated using co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, both extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation evoked by rMgPa-induced eCypA were also demonstrated. The findings of this study verified that rMgPa could induce the secretion of eCypA in SV-HUC-1 cells and thus promote the protein and mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9 via CypA-CD147 interaction and thus activating ERK-NF-κB pathway, which is beneficial to elucidate the pathogenesis and possible pathogenic mechanism of M. genitalium to host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, China
| | - Yating Liao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, China
| | - Kailan Peng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-functionalized nanoparticles targeting arterial injury sites under physiological flow. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102274. [PMID: 32712174 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thrombus formation at athero-thrombotic sites is initiated by the exposure of collagen followed by platelet adhesion mediated by the platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI). Here, dimeric GPVI was used as a targeting motif to functionalize polymeric nanoparticle-based drug carriers and to show that with proper design, such GPVI-coated nanoparticles (GPNs) can efficiently and specifically target arterial injury sites while withstanding physiological flow. In a microfluidic model, under physiological shear levels (1-40 dyne/cm2), 200 nm and 2 μm GPNs exhibited a >60 and >10-fold increase in binding to collagen compared to control particles, respectively. In vitro experiments in an arterial stenosis injury model, subjected to physiological pulsatile flow, showed shear-enhanced adhesion of 200 nm GPNs at the stenosis region which was confirmed in vivo in a mice ligation carotid injury model using intravital microscopy. Altogether, our results illustrate how engineering tools can be harnessed to design nano-carriers that efficiently target cardiovascular disease sites.
Collapse
|
29
|
Deng H, Zhang S, Ge H, Liu L, Liu L, Feng H, Chen L. The effect of cyclosporin a on ischemia-reperfusion damage in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2020; 42:721-729. [PMID: 32529968 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1762353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the protective effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage in a mouse ischemia model and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were divided equally into five groups: Sham, I/R, Vehicle, I/R plus CsA (10 mg/kg), and I/R plus CsA (20 mg/kg). Nerve function scores, infarct volume, brain water content, and Evans blue (EB) leakage were evaluated, and western blotting was performed to analyze the changes in CypA, p-Akt, NF-κB, MMP-9, and Claudin-5 expression. RESULTS CsA can attenuate I/R damage in a mouse ischemic stroke model, as indicated by improved neurological function scores and decreased infarct volume, brain water content, and EB leakage. Additionally, high-dose CsA showed better protective effects than low-dose. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CsA were explored, and it was found that CsA could inhibit the increase in CypA, p-Akt, NF-κB, and MMP-9 protein expression after middle cerebral artery occlusion, while Claudin-5 expression was decreased. DISCUSSION CsA showed potential as a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke patients; besides interfering with the typical NF-κB signaling pathway, the Akt pathway may also be involved in the effects of CsA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajiang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital , Shapingba District, Chongqing City, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Luotong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital , Shapingba District, Chongqing City, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Su Z, Lin M, Zhang H, Li J, Wu M, Lv H, Wang J, Xie S. The Release of Cyclophilin A from Rapamycin-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mediated by Myosin II Activation: Involvement of Apoptosis but Not Autophagy. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:254-260. [PMID: 32526757 DOI: 10.1159/000506685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exocytosis of cyclophilin A (CyPA) by a vesicular pathway in response to reactive oxygen species has been determined. However, other sources of extracellular CyPA remain obscure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of autophagy in the secretion of CyPA. METHODS AND RESULTS Rapamycin induced the activation of autophagy and release of CyPA from primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). However, inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of Atg7 or chloroquine did not affect the rapamycin-induced release of CyPA. With the exception of myosin II activity, rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), actin remodelling, and synaptic vesicles were not implicated in the release of rapamycin-induced CyPA. Finally, we confirmed that rapamycin-induced extracellular CyPA originated from apoptotic RASMCs. Furthermore, the decreased activation of myosin II by blebbistatin blocked the release of CyPA from apoptotic RASMCs induced by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin induced the release of CyPA from apoptotic RASMCs but did not affect exocytosis through autophagosomes. ROCK, actin remodelling, and synaptic vesicles were not involved in the apoptosis-related release of CyPA. Myosin II activation modulated the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and the release of CyPA from rapamycin-induced apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Su
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Wu
- Department of Hematocyte Morphological Lab, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlu Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanglun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Celik S, Soyer Çalışkan C. Predictive value of early second trimester maternal serum cyclophilin A concentrations in women complicated with preeclampsia: a preliminary case-control study. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:387-392. [PMID: 32507068 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1777301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cyclophilin A in early second trimester of pregnancy before the onset of preeclampsia. METHODS In this prospective case-control study, 51 pregnant women whose serum were collected and stored and who developed preeclampsia in later follow-up and 41 pregnant women as control group were included. RESULTS Maternal serum cyclophilin A levels in the study group who developed preeclampsia in later follow-up were significantly higher than those of normal healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSION Cyclophilin A may be a valuable predictor for pregnant women who subsequently develop preeclampsia in their pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samettin Celik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Education and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey
| | - Canan Soyer Çalışkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Education and Research Hospital , Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Perrucci GL, Songia P, Moschetta D, Barbagallo VA, Valerio V, Myasoedova VA, Alfieri V, Massaiu I, Roberto M, Malešević M, Pompilio G, Poggio P. Cyclophilin A inhibition as potential treatment of human aortic valve calcification. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104888. [PMID: 32434054 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a pathological condition that affects about 3% of the population, representing the most common valve disease. The main clinical feature of AS is represented by the impaired leaflet motility, due to calcification, which leads to the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction during systole. The formation and accumulation of calcium nodules are driven by valve interstitial cells (VICs). Unfortunately, to date, the in vitro and in vivo studies were not sufficient to fully recapitulate all the pathological pathways involved in AS development, as well as to define a specific and effective pharmacological treatment for AS patients. Cyclophilin A (CyPA), the most important immunophilin and endogenous ligand of cyclosporine A (CsA), is strongly involved in several detrimental cardiovascular processes, such as calcification. To date, there are no data on the CyPA role in VIC-mediated calcification process of AS. Here, we aimed to identify the role of CyPA in AS by studying VIC calcification, in vitro. In this study, we found that (i) CyPA is up-regulated in stenotic valves of AS patients, (ii) pro-calcifying medium promotes CyPA secretion by VICs, (iii) in vitro treatment of VICs with exogenous CyPA strongly stimulates calcium deposition, and (iv) exogenous CyPA inhibition mediated by CsA analogue MM284 abolished in vitro calcium potential. Thus, CyPA represents a biological target that may act as a novel candidate in the detrimental AS development and its inhibition may provide a novel pharmacological approach for AS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca L Perrucci
- Unità di Medicina Rigenerativa e Biologia Vascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Songia
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Donato Moschetta
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica A Barbagallo
- Unità di Medicina Rigenerativa e Biologia Vascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenza Valerio
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Alfieri
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Massaiu
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Roberto
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Miroslav Malešević
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Enzymology Department, Halle, Germany; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Medicina Rigenerativa e Biologia Vascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unità per lo Studio delle Patologie Aortiche, Valvolari e Coronariche, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Heinzmann D, Noethel M, von Ungern-Sternberg S, Mitroulis I, Gawaz M, Chavakis T, May AE, Seizer P. CD147 is a Novel Interaction Partner of Integrin αMβ2 Mediating Leukocyte and Platelet Adhesion. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040541. [PMID: 32252487 PMCID: PMC7226095 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface receptor-mediated adhesion is a fundamental step in the recruitment of leukocytes and platelets, as well as platelet-leukocyte interactions. The surface receptor CD147 is crucially involved in host defense against self-derived and invading targets, as well as in thrombosis. In the current study, we describe the previously unknown interaction of CD147 with integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1) in this context. Using binding assays, we were able to show a stable interaction of CD147 with Mac-1 in vitro. Leukocytes from Mac-1-/- and CD147+/- mice showed a markedly reduced static adhesion to CD147- and Mac-1-coated surfaces, respectively, compared to wild-type mice. Similarly, we observed reduced rolling and adhesion of monocytes under flow conditions when cells were pre-treated with antibodies against Mac-1 or CD147. Additionally, as assessed by antibody inhibition experiments, CD147 mediated the dynamic adhesion of platelets to Mac-1-coated surfaces. The interaction of CD147 with Mac-1 is a previously undescribed mechanism facilitating the adhesion of leukocytes and platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Heinzmann
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz Noethel
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Ungern-Sternberg
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic and Faculty of Medicine Carl-Gustav-Carus, TU Dresden, 01397 Dresden, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic and Faculty of Medicine Carl-Gustav-Carus, TU Dresden, 01397 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas E. May
- Department of Cardiology, Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Memmingen, 87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cyclophilin A/EMMPRIN Axis Is Involved in Pro-Fibrotic Processes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm of Marfan Syndrome Patients. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010154. [PMID: 31936351 PMCID: PMC7016677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disease, characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), which treatment is to date purely surgical. Understanding of novel molecular targets is mandatory to unveil effective pharmacological approaches. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) and its receptor EMMPRIN are associated with several cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm. Here, we envisioned the contribution of CyPA/EMMPRIN axis in MFS-related TAA. Methods: We obtained thoracic aortic samples from healthy controls (HC) and MFS patients’ aortas and then isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the aortic wall. Results: our findings revealed that MFS aortic tissue samples isolated from the dilated zone of aorta showed higher expression levels of EMMPRIN vs. MFS non-dilated aorta and HC. Interestingly, angiotensin II significantly stimulated CyPA secretion in MFS-derived VSMC (MFS-VSMC). CyPA treatment on MFS-VSMC led to increased levels of EMMPRIN and other MFS-associated pro-fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β1 and collagen I. These molecules were downregulated by in vitro treatment with CyPA inhibitor MM284. Our results suggest that CyPA/EMMPRIN axis is involved in MFS-related TAA development, since EMMPRIN is upregulated in the dilated zone of MFS patients’ TAA and the inhibition of its ligand, CyPA, downregulated EMMPRIN and MFS-related markers in MFS-VSMC. Conclusions: these insights suggest both a novel detrimental role for CyPA/EMMPRIN axis and its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for MFS-related TAA treatment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cao M, Yuan W, Peng M, Mao Z, Zhao Q, Sun X, Yan J. Role of CyPA in cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20193190. [PMID: 31825469 PMCID: PMC6928530 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a complex process and eventually develops into heart failure, in which the heart responds to various intrinsic or external stress, involving increased interstitial fibrosis, cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important mechanism for this maladaptation. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a member of the cyclophilin (CyPs) family. Many cells secrete CyPA to the outside of the cells in response to oxidative stress. CyPA from blood vessels and the heart itself participate in a variety of signaling pathways to regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mediate inflammation, promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, stimulate endothelial injury and vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia, and promote the dissolution of extracellular matrix (ECM) by activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The events triggered by CyPA cause a decline of diastolic and systolic function and finally lead to the occurrence of heart failure. This article aims to introduce the role and mechanism of CyPA in cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, and highlights its potential role as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Meiling Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Ziqi Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effect of Furostanol Saponins from Allium Macrostemon Bunge Bulbs on Platelet Aggregation Rate and PI3K/Akt Pathway in the Rat Model of Coronary Heart Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9107847. [PMID: 31341503 PMCID: PMC6612384 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the effect of Furostanol Saponins from Allium Macrostemon Bunge Bulbs (FSAMB) on platelet aggregation rate of rats with coronary heart disease and discuss the mechanism of FSAMB affecting the platelet aggregation rate through PI3K/Akt pathway. We established the rat models with coronary heart disease (CHD) and prepared the platelet-rich plasma. The effect of different concentrations of FSAMB on platelet aggregation in SD rats induced by ADP was observed in vitro and in vivo. And Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase-MB Form (CK-MB), and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) are detected in the blood to know the level of damage to heart cells. The expansion of platelets in the immobilized fibrinogen in different concentrations of FSAMB was observed. Western blot was conducted to detect the phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (also known as Akt) and the expression level of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). We found that FSAMB had a significant inhibitory effect on the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Intragastric administration of FSAMB also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rats. LDH, CK-MB, and cTnI levels in serum of rats in FSAMB (672 mg/kg) group were lower than those in the model control group after the intervention (P<0.01 or P<0.05). FSAMB inhibited the expansion of platelets on immobilized fibrinogen. Also, FSAMB inhibited ADP-induced platelet PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation. The inhibition of Akt phosphorylation by FSAMB was more obvious after the inhibition of the expression of PI3K. This study demonstrated that FSAMB can reduce the degree of myocardial cell damage and inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in SD rats, possibly by inhibiting platelet PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun W, Xu Y, Xin Q, Zhang Y, Cui B, Hong F. Association between polymorphism in Cyclophilin A gene and its serum and placental expression in Han Chinese women with severe preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 15:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
38
|
Gawaz M, Borst O. The Role of Platelets in Atherothrombosis. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
39
|
Non-Invasive Detection of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN, a New Therapeutic Target against Atherosclerosis, Inhibited by Endothelial Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103248. [PMID: 30347750 PMCID: PMC6214015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of endothelial nitric oxide causes endothelial dysfunction and circulating monocyte infiltration, contributing to systemic atheroma plaque formation in arterial territories. Among the different inflammatory products, macrophage-derived foam cells and smooth muscle cells synthesize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), playing a pivotal role in early plaque formation and enlargement. We found increased levels of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in human endarterectomies with advanced atherosclerosis, together with significant amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinase inducer EMMPRIN. To test whether the absence of NO may aggravate atherosclerosis through EMMPRIN activation, double NOS3/apoE knockout (KO) mice expressed high levels of EMMPRIN in carotid plaques, suggesting that targeting extracellular matrix degradation may represent a new mechanism by which endothelial NO prevents atherosclerosis. Based on our previous experience, by using gadolinium-enriched paramagnetic fluorescence micellar nanoparticles conjugated with AP9 (NAP9), an EMMPRIN-specific binding peptide, magnetic resonance sequences allowed non-invasive visualization of carotid EMMPRIN in NOS3/apoE over apoE control mice, in which atheroma plaques were significantly reduced. Taken together, these results point to EMMPRIN as a new therapeutic target of NO-mediated protection against atherosclerosis, and NAP9 as a non-invasive molecular tool to target atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Gorog DA. Potentiation of thrombus instability: a contributory mechanism to the effectiveness of antithrombotic medications. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 45:593-602. [PMID: 29550950 PMCID: PMC5889774 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The stability of an arterial thrombus, determined by its structure and ability to resist endogenous fibrinolysis, is a major determinant of the extent of infarction that results from coronary or cerebrovascular thrombosis. There is ample evidence from both laboratory and clinical studies to suggest that in addition to inhibiting platelet aggregation, antithrombotic medications have shear-dependent effects, potentiating thrombus fragility and/or enhancing endogenous fibrinolysis. Such shear-dependent effects, potentiating the fragility of the growing thrombus and/or enhancing endogenous thrombolytic activity, likely contribute to the clinical effectiveness of such medications. It is not clear how much these effects relate to the measured inhibition of platelet aggregation in response to specific agonists. These effects are observable only with techniques that subject the growing thrombus to arterial flow and shear conditions. The effects of antithrombotic medications on thrombus stability and ways of assessing this are reviewed herein, and it is proposed that thrombus stability could become a new target for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Gorog
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK. .,Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liehn EA, Ponomariov V, Diaconu R, Streata I, Ioana M, Crespo-Avilan GE, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Cabrera-Fuentes HA. Apolipoprotein E in Cardiovascular Diseases: Novel Aspects of an Old-fashioned Enigma. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:522-529. [PMID: 30213474 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of different APOE isoforms represents a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Besides the pleiotropic effects of APOE polymorphism on heart and neurological diseases, this review summarizes the less-known functions of APOE and the possible implications for cardiovascular disorders. Beyond the role as lipid transporting protein, its involvement in lipid membrane homeostasis and signaling, as well as its nuclear transcriptional effects suggests a more complex role of APOE, receiving great interest from researchers and physicians from all medical fields. Due to the presence of different APOE isoforms in human population, understanding APOE's role in pathological processes represents not only a challenge, but a demand for further development of therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor Ponomariov
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Rodica Diaconu
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Streata
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu CH, Mohammadmoradi S, Chen JZ, Sawada H, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e108-e116. [PMID: 29950386 PMCID: PMC6039412 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Shayan Mohammadmoradi
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Jeff Z Chen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The roles of CyPA and CD147 in cardiac remodelling. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:222-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
44
|
Jin R, Xiao AY, Liu S, Wang M, Li G. Taurine Reduces tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator)-Induced Hemorrhage and Microvascular Thrombosis After Embolic Stroke in Rat. Stroke 2018; 49:1708-1718. [PMID: 29844028 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.020747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Taurine (2-aminoethansulfolic amino acid) exerts neuroprotective actions in experimental stroke. Here, we investigated the effect of taurine in combination with delayed tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) on embolic stroke. METHODS Rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with taurine (50 mg/kg) at 4 hours in combination with tPA (10 mg/kg) at 6 hours. Control groups consisted of ischemic rats treated with either taurine (50 mg/kg) or saline at 4 hours or tPA (10 mg/kg) alone at 2 or 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS We found that combination treatment with taurine and tPA robustly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits 3 days after stroke, whereas treatment with taurine alone had a less-significant protective effect. tPA alone at 6 hours had no effects on infarct volume but instead induced intracerebral hemorrhage. The combination treatment with taurine prevented tPA-associated hemorrhage and reduced intravascular deposition of fibrin/fibrinogen and platelets in downstream microvessels and hence improved microvascular patency. These protective effects are associated with profound inhibition of CD147 (cluster of differentiation 147)-dependent MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) pathway in ischemic brain endothelium by taurine. Notably, targeted inhibition of CD147 by intracerebroventricular injection of the rat CD147 siRNA profoundly inhibited ischemia-induced and tPA-enhanced MMP-9 activity in ischemic brain endothelium and blocked tPA-induced cerebral hemorrhage. Finally, the combination treatment with taurine and tPA improved long-term outcome at least 45 days after stroke compared with saline-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that taurine in combination with tPA may be a clinically feasible approach toward future attempts at combination stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center (R.J., S.L., M.W., G.L.)
| | - Adam Y Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (A.Y.X., G.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Shan Liu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center (R.J., S.L., M.W., G.L.)
| | - Min Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center (R.J., S.L., M.W., G.L.)
| | - Guohong Li
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center (R.J., S.L., M.W., G.L.) .,Department of Neurosurgery (G.L.).,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (A.Y.X., G.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xue C, Sowden MP, Berk BC. Extracellular and Intracellular Cyclophilin A, Native and Post-Translationally Modified, Show Diverse and Specific Pathological Roles in Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:986-993. [PMID: 29599134 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CypA (cyclophilin A) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein with peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity. Because of its highly abundant level in the cytoplasm, most studies have focused on the roles of CypA as an intracellular protein. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role for extracellular CypA in the pathogenesis of several diseases through receptor (CD147 or other)-mediated autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the shared and unique pathological roles of extracellular and intracellular CypA in human cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the evolving role of post-translational modifications of CypA in the pathogenesis of disease is discussed. Finally, recent studies with drugs specific for extracellular CypA show its importance in disease pathogenesis in several animal models and make extracellular CypA a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Mark P Sowden
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Bradford C Berk
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Varjú I, Farkas VJ, Kőhidai L, Szabó L, Farkas ÁZ, Polgár L, Chinopoulos C, Kolev K. Functional cyclophilin D moderates platelet adhesion, but enhances the lytic resistance of fibrin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5366. [PMID: 29599453 PMCID: PMC5876378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of thrombosis, platelets are exposed to a variety of activating stimuli classified as 'strong' (e.g. thrombin and collagen) or 'mild' (e.g. ADP). In response, activated platelets adhere to injured vasculature, aggregate, and stabilise the three-dimensional fibrin scaffold of the expanding thrombus. Since 'strong' stimuli also induce opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in platelets, the MPTP-enhancer Cyclophilin D (CypD) has been suggested as a critical pharmacological target to influence thrombosis. However, it is poorly understood what role CypD plays in the platelet response to 'mild' stimuli which act independently of MPTP. Furthermore, it is unknown how CypD influences platelet-driven clot stabilisation against enzymatic breakdown (fibrinolysis). Here we show that treatment of human platelets with Cyclosporine A (a cyclophilin-inhibitor) boosts ADP-induced adhesion and aggregation, while genetic ablation of CypD in murine platelets enhances adhesion but not aggregation. We also report that platelets lacking CypD preserve their integrity in a fibrin environment, and lose their ability to render clots resistant against fibrinolysis. Our results indicate that CypD has opposing haemostatic roles depending on the stimulus and stage of platelet activation, warranting a careful design of any antithrombotic strategy targeting CypD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imre Varjú
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Functional and Structural Materials, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Zoltán Farkas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Lívia Polgár
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN (CD147) in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020507. [PMID: 29419744 PMCID: PMC5855729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor EMMPRIN is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases and in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. There are several binding partners of EMMPRIN mediating the effects of EMMPRIN in cardiovascular diseases. EMMPRIN interaction with most binding partners leads to disease progression by mediating cytokine or chemokine release, the activation of platelets and monocytes, as well as the formation of monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs). EMMPRIN is also involved in atherosclerosis by mediating the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells. There is also evidence that EMMPRIN controls energy metabolism of cells and that EMMPRIN binding partners modulate intracellular glycosylation and trafficking of EMMPRIN towards the cell membrane. In this review, we systematically discuss these multifaceted roles of EMMPRIN and its interaction partners, such as Cyclophilins, in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
48
|
Li T, Yan B, Ma Y, Weng J, Yang S, Zhao N, Wang X, Sun X. Ubiquitin-specific protease 4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via cyclophilin A stabilization and deubiquitination. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:148. [PMID: 29396555 PMCID: PMC5833721 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4) is a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family, which plays an important role in human tumor diseases. However, the mechanisms by which USP4 facilitates tumor development, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remain unclear. Clinically, we found that USP4 is overexpressed in human HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumoral tissues and is significantly correlated with malignant phenotype characteristics, including tumor size, tumor number, differentiation, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and vascular invasion. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a poor overall survival rate in patients with USP4-overexpressing tumors. Analyses of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models indicated that USP4 is a prognostic biomarker for poor outcome. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that USP4 overexpression enhanced HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, cyclophilin A (CypA) was identified as an important molecule for USP4-mediated oncogenic activity in HCC. We observed that USP4 interacted with CypA and inhibited CypA degradation via deubiquitination in HCC cells. Subsequently, the USP4/CypA complex activated the MAPK signaling pathway and prevented CrkII phosphorylation. These data suggest that USP4 acts as a novel prognostic marker, offering potential therapeutic opportunities for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyong Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouwen Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
von Ungern-Sternberg SNI, Vogel S, Walker-Allgaier B, Geue S, Maurer A, Wild AM, Münzer P, Chatterjee M, Heinzmann D, Kremmer E, Borst O, Loughran P, Zernecke A, Neal MD, Billiar TR, Gawaz M, Seizer P. Extracellular Cyclophilin A Augments Platelet-Dependent Thrombosis and Thromboinflammation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2063-2078. [PMID: 28981554 DOI: 10.1160/th17-01-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is involved in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. To our knowledge, there is no specific inhibitor targeting extracellular CyPA without affecting other extracellular cyclophilins or intracellular CyPA functions. In this study, we developed an antibody-based inhibitor of extracellular CyPA and analysed its effects in vitro and in vivo. To generate a specific antibody, mice and rats were immunized with a peptide containing the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer binding site and various antibody clones were selected and purified. At first, antibodies were tested for their binding capacity to recombinant CyPA and their functional activity. The clone 8H7-mAb was chosen for further experiments. 8H7-mAb reduced the CyPA-induced migration of inflammatory cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, 8H7-mAb revealed strong antithrombotic effects by inhibiting CyPA-dependent activation of platelets and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, 8H7-mAb did not influence in vivo tail bleeding time or in vitro whole blood coagulation parameters. Our study provides first evidence that antibody-based inhibition of extracellular CyPA inhibits thrombosis and thromboinflammation without affecting blood homeostasis. Thus, 8H7-mAb may be a promising compound for thrombi modulation in inflammatory diseases to prevent organ dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Walker-Allgaier
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Geue
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Wild
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Heinzmann
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shen Q, Li J, Zhang C, Wang P, Mohammed A, Ni S, Tang Z. Panax notoginseng saponins reduce high-risk factors for thrombosis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -γ pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1163-1169. [PMID: 29174034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic Virchow theory suggests that blood stasis, hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction are three major factors that cause venous thrombosis (VT). It is a complicated biological process involved multi-factors. Platelet plays a central role and participates in multiple links of this process. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the principal constituents derived from panax notoginseng, has been widely described for its anti-platelet activity. However, its potential mechanism against platelet aggregation has not been clarified. In this present study, we evaluated the anti-platelet effects of PNS on thrombin-induced platelet activation and its possible molecular mechanism of action, and further explored the therapeutic action of PNS on thrombin induced hypercoagulability in rat. Our results showed that PNS treatment inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, which was accompanied with over-expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) protein, mRNA and upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway in platelet, and this effect could be reversed by PPAR-γ inhibitor T0070907. In vivo, PNS significantly reversed thrombin-induced hypercoagulable state in rat which was accompanied by PPAR-γ protein and mRNA upregulation in rat lung. In conclusion, these data suggested that PNS could suppress thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and effectively improve hypercoagulable state in vivo and PNS-induced activation of PPAR-γ and its downstream PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway played the central role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caixin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anaz Mohammed
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|