1
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Kelly KA, Heaps CL, Wu G, Labhasetwar V, Meininger CJ. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2024; 148:13-22. [PMID: 38642795 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, underlying the vascular complications of diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders, may result from uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity due to decreased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical co-factor for eNOS. Some clinical trials attempting to deliver exogenous BH4 as a potential therapeutic strategy in vascular disease states have failed due to oxidation of BH4 in the circulation. We sought to develop a means of protecting BH4 from oxidation while delivering it to dysfunctional endothelial cells. Polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with BH4 were delivered by injection or oral gavage, respectively, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BH4 was measured in coronary endothelial cells and endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity was assessed in vascular rings. Lymphatic uptake of orally delivered lipid NPs was verified by sampling mesenteric lymph. BH4-loaded polymeric NPs maintained nitric oxide production by cultured endothelial cells under conditions of oxidative stress. BH4-loaded NPs, delivered via injection or ingestion, increased coronary endothelial BH4 concentration and improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in diabetic rats. Pharmacodynamics assessment indicated peak concentration of solid lipid NPs in the systemic bloodstream 6 hours after ingestion, with disappearance noted by 48 hours. These studies support the feasibility of utilizing NPs to deliver BH4 to dysfunctional endothelial cells to increase nitric oxide bioavailability. BH4-loaded NPs could provide an innovative tool to restore redox balance in blood vessels and modulate eNOS-mediated vascular function to reverse or retard vascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kelly
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, Kleberg Center Rm 133, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44196, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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2
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Udriște AS, Burdușel AC, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Balaure PC, Grumezescu AM. Organic Nanoparticles in Progressing Cardiovascular Disease Treatment and Diagnosis. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38794614 PMCID: PMC11125450 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's most prominent cause of mortality, continue to be challenging conditions for patients, physicians, and researchers alike. CVDs comprise a wide range of illnesses affecting the heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through and between them. Advances in nanomedicine, a discipline focused on improving patient outcomes through revolutionary treatments, imaging agents, and ex vivo diagnostics, have created enthusiasm for overcoming limitations in CVDs' therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes. Nanomedicine can be involved in clinical purposes for CVD through the augmentation of cardiac or heart-related biomaterials, which can be functionally, mechanically, immunologically, and electrically improved by incorporating nanomaterials; vasculature applications, which involve systemically injected nanotherapeutics and imaging nanodiagnostics, nano-enabled biomaterials, or tissue-nanoengineered solutions; and enhancement of sensitivity and/or specificity of ex vivo diagnostic devices for patient samples. Therefore, this review discusses the latest studies based on applying organic nanoparticles in cardiovascular illness, including drug-conjugated polymers, lipid nanoparticles, and micelles. Following the revised information, it can be concluded that organic nanoparticles may be the most appropriate type of treatment for cardiovascular diseases due to their biocompatibility and capacity to integrate various drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Paul Cătălin Balaure
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Oyelaja O, Najneen T, Alamy H, Horn WL, Niño Medina JA, Duarte LE, Yaqobi A, Farooqi P, Mohammadi R, I Kh Almadhoun MK, Mia Khail B, Saeed A. Applications of Nanotechnology in the Field of Cardiology. Cureus 2024; 16:e58059. [PMID: 38738046 PMCID: PMC11088442 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies. Nanoformulations, including nanoparticles, address challenges in drug delivery, stem cell therapy, imaging, and gene delivery. Nanoparticles enhance drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, with gas microbubbles, liposomal preparations, and paramagnetic nanoparticles showing potential in treating atherosclerosis and reducing systemic side effects. In stem cell therapy, nanoparticles improve cell culture, utilizing three-dimensional nanofiber scaffolds and enhancing cardiomyocyte growth. Gold nanoparticles and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-derived microparticles promote stem cell survival. Stem cell imaging utilizes direct labeling with nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while optical tracking employs dye-conjugated nanoparticles. In gene delivery, polymeric nanoparticles like polyethylenimine (PEI) and dendrimers, graphene-based carriers, and chitosan nanoparticles offer alternatives to virus-mediated gene transfer. The potential of magnetic nanoparticles in gene therapy is explored, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall, nanoparticles have transformative potential in cardiovascular disease management, with ongoing research poised to enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Oyelaja
- Medicine and Surgery, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (NYCHHC), New York, USA
| | - Tazkia Najneen
- Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Haroon Alamy
- Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Science Academy, Kabul, AFG
| | - Wendys L Horn
- Health Sciences, University of Carabobo, Valencia, VEN
| | - Jose A Niño Medina
- Health Sciences, University of Carabobo, Valencia, VEN
- Law and Political Sciences, University of Carabobo, Valencia, VEN
| | | | - Adila Yaqobi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Malalai Maternity Hospital, Kabul, AFG
| | - Palwasha Farooqi
- Internal Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, AFG
| | | | | | | | - Abed Saeed
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul, AFG
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4
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Safhi AY, Albariqi AH, Sabei FY, Alsalhi A, Khalil FMA, Waheed A, Arbi FM, White A, Anthony S, Alissa M. Journey into tomorrow: cardiovascular wellbeing transformed by nano-scale innovations. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102428. [PMID: 38311274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for the vast majority of deaths and place enormous financial strains on healthcare systems. Gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and lipids are innovative nanomaterials promising in tackling CVDs. In the setting of CVDs, these nanomaterials actively impact cellular responses due to their distinctive properties, including surface energy and topographies. Opportunities to more precisely target CVDs have arisen due to recent developments in nanomaterial science, which have introduced fresh approaches. An in-depth familiarity with the illness and its targeted mechanisms is necessary to use nanomaterials in CVDs effectively. We support the academic community's efforts to prioritize Nano-technological techniques in addressing risk factors linked with cardiovascular diseases, acknowledging the far-reaching effects of these conditions. The significant impact of nanotechnology on the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases highlights the critical need for novel approaches to this pressing health problem, which is affecting people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaji Y Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Albariqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohamed Ameen Khalil
- King Khalid University, Collage of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Mohayil Asir Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawad Mueen Arbi
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Alexandra White
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence China, PR China
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Anaraki KT, Zahed Z, Javid RN, Shafiei S, Beiranvandi F, Kahrizsangi NG, Golafshan F, Arzhangzade A, Kojuri J, Almassian S, Hadi R, Gholizadeh P, Kazeminava F. Immune response following transcatheter aortic valve procedure. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107283. [PMID: 38340884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common type of heart valve disease in the United States and Europe and calcific aortic stenosis (AS) affects 2-7% of people aged 65 years and older. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only effective treatment for individuals with this condition. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) has been widely accepted as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach for addressing symptomatic AS in patients who are considered to have a high risk for traditional surgical intervention. TAVR procedure may have a paradoxical effect on the immune system and inflammatory status. A major portion of these immune responses is regulated by activating or inhibiting inflammatory monocytes and the complement system with subsequent changes in inflammatory cytokines. TAVR has the potential to induce various concurrent exposures, including disruption of the native valve, hemodynamic changes, antigenicity of the bioprosthesis, and vascular damage, which finally lead to the development of inflammation. On the other hand, it is important to acknowledge that TAVR may also have anti-inflammatory effects by helping in the resolution of stenosis.The inflammation and immune response following TAVR are complex processes that significantly impact procedural outcomes and patient well-being. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, identifying biomarkers of inflammation, and exploring therapeutic interventions to modulate these responses are crucial for optimizing TAVR outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise immunological dynamics and develop tailored strategies to attenuate inflammation and enhance post-TAVR healing while minimizing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Talebi Anaraki
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zahed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Sasan Shafiei
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Beiranvandi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Faraz Golafshan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Arzhangzade
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Kojuri
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samin Almassian
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raha Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Kazeminava
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Pan Q, Chen C, Yang YJ. Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:1-27. [PMID: 38057537 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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7
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Yu M, Cheng X. Editorial Commentary: Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:241-243. [PMID: 38277018 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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8
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Xiao S, Qi M, Zhou Q, Gong H, Wei D, Wang G, Feng Q, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Ma X. Macrophage fatty acid oxidation in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116092. [PMID: 38157642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis significantly contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and is characterized by lipid retention and inflammation within the artery wall. Multiple immune cell types are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, macrophages play a central role as the primary source of inflammatory effectors in this pathogenic process. The metabolic influences of lipids on macrophage function and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) have similarly drawn attention due to its relevance as an immunometabolic hub. This review discusses recent findings regarding the impact of mitochondrial-dependent FAO in the phenotype and function of macrophages, as well as transcriptional regulation of FAO within macrophages. Finally, the therapeutic strategy of macrophage FAO in atherosclerosis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Mingxu Qi
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qinyi Zhou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Huiqin Gong
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Duhui Wei
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guangneng Wang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qilun Feng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yiren Zhou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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9
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Mao Y, Ren J, Yang L. Advances of nanomedicine in treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116637. [PMID: 37482129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Myocardial ischemia originated from AS is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases, one of the major factors contributing to the global disease burden. AS is typically quiescent until occurrence of plaque rupture and thrombosis, leading to acute coronary syndrome and sudden death. Currently, clinical diagnostic techniques suffer from major pitfalls including lack of accuracy and specificity, which makes it rather difficult for drugs to directly target plaques to achieve therapeutic effect. Therefore, how to accurately diagnose and effectively intervene vulnerable AS plaques to achieve accurate delivery of drugs has become an urgent and evolving clinical problem. With the rapid development of nanomedicine and nanomaterials, nanotechnology has shown unique advantages in monitoring vulnerable plaques and thrombus and improving drug efficacy. Recent studies have shown that application of nanoparticle drug delivery system can booster the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, and molecular imaging technology and nanomedicine also exhibit high clinical application potentials in disease diagnosis. Therefore, nanotechnology provides another promising avenue for diagnosis and treatment of AS and thrombosis, and has shown excellent performance in the development of targeted drug therapy and biomaterials. In this review, the research progress, challenges and prospects of nanotechnology in AS and thrombosis are discussed, expecting to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AS and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Perera B, Wu Y, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Advances in drug delivery to atherosclerosis: Investigating the efficiency of different nanomaterials employed for different type of drugs. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100767. [PMID: 37600355 PMCID: PMC10433009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, which is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Current pharmaceutical treatment options are unable to effectively treat the plaque in the later stages of the disease. Instead, they are aimed at resolving the risk factors. Nanomaterials and nanoparticle-mediated therapies have become increasingly popular for the treatment of atherosclerosis due to their targeted and controlled release of therapeutics. In this review, we discuss different types of therapeutics used to treat this disease and focus on the different nanomaterial strategies employed for the delivery of these drugs, enabling the effective and efficient resolution of the atherosclerotic plaque. The ideal nanomaterial strategy for each drug type (e.g. statins, nucleic acids, small molecule drugs, peptides) will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binura Perera
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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11
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Xiang D, Jiang L, Yuan Q, Yu Y, Liu R, Chen M, Kuai Z, Zhang W, Yang F, Wu T, He Z, Ke Z, Hong W, He P, Tan N, Sun Y, Shi Z, Wei X, Luo J, Tan X, Huo Y, Qin G, Zhang C. Leukocyte-Specific Morrbid Promotes Leukocyte Differentiation and Atherogenesis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0187. [PMID: 37426471 PMCID: PMC10325668 DOI: 10.34133/research.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-to-M0/M1 macrophage differentiation with unclear molecular mechanisms is a pivotal cellular event in many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of protein expression regulators; however, the roles of monocyte-lncRNAs in macrophage differentiation and its related vascular diseases are still unclear. The study aims to investigate whether the novel leukocyte-specific lncRNA Morrbid could regulate macrophage differentiation and atherogenesis. We identified that Morrbid was increased in monocytes and arterial walls from atherosclerotic mouse and from patients with atherosclerosis. In cultured monocytes, Morrbid expression was markedly increased during monocyte to M0 macrophage differentiation with an additional increase during M0 macrophage-to-M1 macrophage differentiation. The differentiation stimuli-induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation and the macrophage activity were inhibited by Morrbid knockdown. Moreover, overexpression of Morrbid alone was sufficient to elicit the monocyte-macrophage differentiation. The role of Morrbid in monocyte-macrophage differentiation was also identified in vivo in atherosclerotic mice and was verified in Morrbid knockout mice. We identified that PI3-kinase/Akt was involved in the up-regulation of Morrbid expression, whereas s100a10 was involved in Morrbid-mediated effect on macrophage differentiation. To provide a proof of concept of Morrbid in pathogenesis of monocyte/macrophage-related vascular disease, we applied an acute atherosclerosis model in mice. The results revealed that overexpression of Morrbid enhanced but monocyte/macrophage-specific Morrbid knockout inhibited the monocytes/macrophages recruitment and atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice. The results suggest that Morrbid is a novel biomarker and a modulator of monocyte-macrophage phenotypes, which is involved in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Meiting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zheng Kuai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Wendy Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zhiyu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zuhui Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Wanzi Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Yeying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Xuebiao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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12
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Tissue Engineering and Targeted Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Polymer Nanocarrier for Statin Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030798. [PMID: 36979777 PMCID: PMC10045667 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This requires effective primary and secondary prevention in reducing the complications related to CAD; the regression or stabilization of the pathology remains the mainstay of treatment. Statins have proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing adverse effects, but there are limitations related to the administration and achievement of effective doses as well as side effects due to the lack of target-related molecular specificity. The implemented technological steps are polymers and nanoparticles for the administration of statins, as it has been seen how the conjugation of drug delivery systems (DDSs) with statins increases bioavailability by circumventing the hepatic–renal filter and increases the related target specificity, enhancing their action and decreasing side effects. Reduction of endothelial dysfunction, reduced intimal hyperplasia, reduced ischemia–reperfusion injury, cardiac regeneration, positive remodeling in the extracellular matrix, reduced neointimal growth, and increased reendothelialization are all drug-related effects of statins enhanced by binding with DDSs. Recent preclinical studies demonstrate how the effect of statins stimulates the differentiation of endogenous cardiac stem cells. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) seems to be the most promising DDS as it succeeds more than the others in enhancing the effect of the bound drug. This review intends to summarize the current evidence on polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery in the field of cardiovascular disease, trying to shed light on this topic and identify new avenues for future studies.
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13
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Tu S, He W, Han J, Wu A, Ren W. Advances in imaging and treatment of atherosclerosis based on organic nanoparticles. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:041501. [PMCID: PMC9726224 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a systemic chronic inflammatory disease, can lead to thrombosis and vascular occlusion, thereby inducing a series of serious vascular diseases. Currently, distinguishing unstable plaques early and achieving more effective treatment are the two main clinical concerns in atherosclerosis. Organic nanoparticles have great potential in atherosclerotic imaging and treatment, showing superior biocompatibility, drug-loading capacity, and synthesis. This article illustrates the process of atherosclerosis onset and the key targeted cells, then systematically summarizes recent progress made in organic nanoparticle-based imaging of different types of targeted cells and therapeutic methods for atherosclerosis, including optical and acoustic-induced therapy, drug delivery, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the major impediments that need to be addressed in future clinical practice. We believe this article will help readers to develop a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of organic nanoparticle-based atherosclerotic imaging and treatment, thus advancing further development of anti-atherosclerosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenming He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315020, China,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | | | - Aiguo Wu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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14
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Uchikawa T, Matoba T, Kawahara T, Baba I, Katsuki S, Koga JI, Hashimoto Y, Yamasaki R, Ichi I, Akita H, Tsutsui H. Dietary 7-ketocholesterol exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14902. [PMID: 36050346 PMCID: PMC9436973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), one of the most abundant dietary oxysterols, causes inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Here we show the deteriorating effects of dietary 7-KC on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and detailed the molecular mechanisms. A high-fat high-cholesterol diet containing 7-KC (7KWD) for 3 weeks increased the plasma 7-KC level compared with high-fat high-cholesterol diet in mice. In wild-type mice but not in CCR2-/- mice, dietary 7-KC increased the myocardial infarct size after IR. Flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of Ly-6Chigh inflammatory monocytes to total monocytes was increased in the 7KWD group. Unbiased RNA sequencing using murine primary macrophages revealed that 7-KC regulated the expression of transcripts related to inflammation and cholesterol biosynthesis. We further validated that in vitro, 7-KC induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, which are associated with increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine or siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase or endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α suppressed the levels of 7-KC-induced inflammation. Dietary 7-KC exacerbates myocardial IR injury through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress are involved in the 7-KC-induced proinflammatory response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Uchikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takuro Kawahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isashi Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Katsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Xu H, Li S, Liu YS. Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:231. [PMID: 35817770 PMCID: PMC9272665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced alternations of vasculature structures, phenotypes, and functions are key in the occurrence and development of vascular aging-related diseases. Multiple molecular and cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations are highly associated with vascular aging physiopathology. Advances in nanoparticles and nanotechnology, which can realize sensitive diagnostic modalities, efficient medical treatment, and better prognosis as well as less adverse effects on non-target tissues, provide an amazing window in the field of vascular aging and related diseases. Throughout this review, we presented current knowledge on classification of nanoparticles and the relationship between vascular aging and related diseases. Importantly, we comprehensively summarized the potential of nanoparticles-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in vascular aging and related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney diseases, and discussed the advantages and limitations of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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16
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Current Development of Nano-Drug Delivery to Target Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051203. [PMID: 35625939 PMCID: PMC9139084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most important innate immune cells that participate in various inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, macrophage-related pathological processes are essential targets in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Since nanoparticles (NPs) can be preferentially taken up by macrophages, NPs have attracted most attention for specific macrophage-targeting. In this review, the interactions between NPs and the immune system are introduced to help understand the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of NPs in immune cells. The current design and strategy of NPs modification for specific macrophage-targeting are investigated and summarized.
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17
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Circulating Monocyte Subsets and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105303. [PMID: 35628113 PMCID: PMC9141814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as an alternative to open heart surgery, has revolutionized the treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS), the most common valvular disorder in the elderly. AVS is now considered a form of atherosclerosis and, like the latter, partly of inflammatory origin. Patients with high-grade AVS have a highly disturbed blood flow associated with high levels of shear stress. The immediate reopening of the valve during TAVR leads to a sudden restoration of a normal blood flow hemodynamic. Despite its good prognosis for patients, TAVR remains associated with bleeding or thrombotic postprocedural complications, involving mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Many studies report the close link between blood coagulation and inflammation, termed thromboinflammation, including monocytes as a major actor. The TAVR procedure represents a unique opportunity to study the influence of shear stress on human monocytes, key mediators of inflammation and hemostasis processes. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of TAVR on monocyte phenotype and subset repartition and the association of these parameters with the clinical outcomes of patients with severe AVS who underwent TAVR.
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18
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Aldarondo D, Wayne E. Monocytes as a convergent nanoparticle therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114116. [PMID: 35085623 PMCID: PMC9359644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing population of individualswith cardiovascular diseases and related comorbidities, there is an increasing need for development of synergistic therapeutics. Monocytes are implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases and can serve as a focal point for therapeutic targeting. This review discusses the role of monocytes in cardiovascular diseases and highlights trends in monocyte targets nanoparticles in three cardiovascular-related diseases: Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and HIV. Finally, the review offers perspectives on how to develop nanoparticle monocyte targeting strategies that can be beneficial for treating co-morbidities.
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19
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Pioglitazone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Towards the Most Reliable Synthesis Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052522. [PMID: 35269665 PMCID: PMC8910508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have proved the benefits of Pioglitazone (PGZ) against atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Since the systematic and controllable release of this drug is of significant importance, encapsulation of this drug in nanoparticles (NPs) can minimize uncontrolled issues. In this context, drug delivery approaches based on several poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been rising in popularity due to their promising capabilities. However, a fully reliable and reproducible synthetic methodology is still lacking. In this work, we present a rational optimization of the most critical formulation parameters for the production of PGZ-loaded PLGA NPs by the single emulsification-solvent evaporation or nanoprecipitation methods. We examined the influence of several variables (e.g., component concentrations, phases ratio, injection flux rate) on the synthesis of the PGZ-NPs. In addition, a comparison of these synthetic methodologies in terms of nanoparticle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ζp), drug loading (DL%), entrapment efficiency (EE%), and stability is offered. According to the higher entrapment efficiency content, enhanced storage time and suitable particle size, the nanoprecipitation approach appears to be the simplest, most rapid and most reliable synthetic pathway for these drug nanocarriers, and we demonstrated a very slow drug release in PBS for the best formulation obtained by this synthesis.
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20
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. Over the past three decades, a substantial reduction in cardiovascular mortality has been achieved largely through LDL-cholesterol-lowering regimes and therapies targeting other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the overall benefits of targeting these risk factors have stagnated, and a huge global burden of cardiovascular disease remains. The indispensable role of immunological components in the establishment and chronicity of atherosclerosis has come to the forefront as a clinical target, with proof-of-principle studies demonstrating the benefit and challenges of targeting inflammation and the immune system in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis by discussing findings from preclinical research and clinical trials. We also identify important challenges that need to be addressed to advance the field and for successful clinical translation, including patient selection, identification of responders and non-responders to immunotherapies, implementation of patient immunophenotyping and potential surrogate end points for vascular inflammation. Finally, we provide strategic guidance for the translation of novel targets of immunotherapy into improvements in patient outcomes. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, discuss preclinical research and published and ongoing clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the immune system in atherosclerosis, highlight emerging therapeutic targets from preclinical studies and identify challenges for successful clinical translation. Inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease; an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes drives chronic inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessel wall. Clinical trials assessing canakinumab and colchicine therapies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have provided proof-of-principle of the benefits associated with therapeutic targeting of the immune system in atherosclerosis. The immunosuppressive adverse effects associated with the systemic use of anti-inflammatory drugs can be minimized through targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the atherosclerotic plaque, defining the window of opportunity for treatment and identifying more specific targets for cardiovascular inflammation. Implementing immunophenotyping in clinical trials in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will allow the identification of immune signatures and the selection of patients with the highest probability of deriving benefit from a specific therapy. Clinical stratification via novel risk factors and discovery of new surrogate markers of vascular inflammation are crucial for identifying new immunotherapeutic targets and their successful translation into the clinic.
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21
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Chen W, Schilperoort M, Cao Y, Shi J, Tabas I, Tao W. Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:228-249. [PMID: 34759324 PMCID: PMC8580169 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology could improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to further reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Macrophages have key roles in atherosclerosis progression and, therefore, macrophage-associated pathological processes are important targets for both diagnostic imaging and novel therapies for atherosclerosis. In this Review, we highlight efforts in the past two decades to develop imaging techniques and to therapeutically manipulate macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques with the use of rationally designed nanoparticles. We review the latest progress in nanoparticle-based imaging modalities that can specifically target macrophages. Using novel molecular imaging technology, these modalities enable the identification of advanced atherosclerotic plaques and the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of medical interventions. Additionally, we provide novel perspectives on how macrophage-targeting nanoparticles can deliver a broad range of therapeutic payloads to atherosclerotic lesions. These nanoparticles can suppress pro-atherogenic macrophage processes, leading to improved resolution of inflammation and stabilization of plaques. Finally, we propose future opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and provide solutions to challenges in this area for the purpose of accelerating the clinical translation of nanomedicine for the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yihai Cao
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Pan Q, Xu J, Wen CJ, Xiong YY, Gong ZT, Yang YJ. Nanoparticles: Promising Tools for the Treatment and Prevention of Myocardial Infarction. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6719-6747. [PMID: 34621124 PMCID: PMC8491866 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s328723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several recent advances, current therapy and prevention strategies for myocardial infarction are far from satisfactory, owing to limitations in their applicability and treatment effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) enable the targeted and stable delivery of therapeutic compounds, enhance tissue engineering processes, and regulate the behaviour of transplants such as stem cells. Thus, NPs may be more effective than other mechanisms, and may minimize potential adverse effects. This review provides evidence for the view that function-oriented systems are more practical than traditional material-based systems; it also summarizes the latest advances in NP-based strategies for the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cen-Jin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Nanomaterial-Based Drug Targeted Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases: Ischemic Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the most important epidemic of our century, with more than 37 million patients globally. Furthermore, CVDs are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and also increased hospitalization rates and poor quality of life. Out of the plethora of conditions that can lead to CVDs, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are responsible for more than 2/3 of the cases that end in severe heart failure and finally death. Current therapy strategies for CVDs focus mostly on symptomatic benefits and have a moderate impact on the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. Modern therapies try to approach different physiopathological pathways such as reduction of inflammation, macrophage regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, stem-cell differentiation and cellular regeneration. Recent technological advances make possible the development of several nanoparticles used not only for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, but also for targeted drug delivery. Due to their high specificity, nanocarriers can deliver molecules with poor pharmacokinetics and dynamics such as: peptides, proteins, polynucleotides, genes and even stem cells. In this review we focused on the applications of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart failure and atherosclerosis.
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24
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Tao W, Yurdagul A, Kong N, Li W, Wang X, Doran AC, Feng C, Wang J, Islam MA, Farokhzad OC, Tabas I, Shi J. siRNA nanoparticles targeting CaMKIIγ in lesional macrophages improve atherosclerotic plaque stability in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/553/eaay1063. [PMID: 32718990 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesional macrophages express molecules that promote plaque progression, but lack of mechanisms to therapeutically target these molecules represents a major gap in translational cardiovascular research. Here, we tested the efficacy of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticle (NP) platform targeting a plaque-destabilizing macrophage molecule-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase γ (CaMKIIγ). CaMKIIγ becomes activated in advanced human and mouse plaque macrophages and drives plaque necrosis by suppressing the expression of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK. When macrophage-targeted siCamk2g NPs were administered to Western diet-fed Ldlr -/- mice, the atherosclerotic lesions showed decreased CaMKIIγ and increased MerTK expression in macrophages, improved phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), decreased necrotic core area, and increased fibrous cap thickness-all signs of increased plaque stability-compared with mice treated with control siRNA NPs. These findings demonstrate that atherosclerosis-promoting genes in plaque macrophages can be targeted with siRNA NPs in a preclinical model of advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenliang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chan Feng
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junqing Wang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammad Ariful Islam
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Nanotechnology based drug delivery system: Current strategies and emerging therapeutic potential for medical science. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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New Insights and Novel Therapeutic Potentials for Macrophages in Myocardial Infarction. Inflammation 2021; 44:1696-1712. [PMID: 33866463 PMCID: PMC8460536 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has long been the leading cause of death worldwide, and myocardial infarction (MI) accounts for the greatest proportion of CVD. Recent research has revealed that inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of CVD and other manifestations of atherosclerosis. Overwhelming evidence supports the view that macrophages, as the basic cell component of the innate immune system, play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Limited but indispensable resident macrophages have been detected in the healthy heart; however, the number of cardiac macrophages significantly increases during cardiac injury. In the early period of initial cardiac damage (e.g., MI), numerous classically activated macrophages (M1) originating from the bone marrow and spleen are rapidly recruited to damaged sites, where they are responsible for cardiac remodeling. After the inflammatory stage, the macrophages shift toward an alternatively activated phenotype (M2) that promotes cardiac repair. In addition, extensive studies have shown the therapeutic potential of macrophages as targets, especially for emerging nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems. In the present review, we focused on the role of macrophages in the development and progression of MI, factors regulating macrophage activation and function, and the therapeutic potential of macrophages in MI.
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Zang X, Cheng M, Zhang X, Chen X. Targeting macrophages using nanoparticles: a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3284-3294. [PMID: 33881414 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of vascular diseases, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Macrophages play a critical role in the development and local inflammatory responses of atherosclerosis, contributing to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Considering their central roles, macrophages have gained considerable attention as a therapeutic target to attenuate atherosclerotic progression and stabilize existing plaques. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems further provide possibilities to selectively and effectively deliver therapeutic agents into intraplaque macrophages. Although challenges are numerous and clinical application is still distant, the design and development of macrophage-targeting nanoparticles will generate new knowledge and experiences to improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize toxicity. Hence, the review aims to discuss various strategies for macrophage modulation and the development and evaluation of macrophage targeting nanomedicines for anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world’s leading cause of mortality and represent a large contributor to the costs of medical care. Although tremendous progress has been made for the diagnosis of CVDs, there is an important need for more effective early diagnosis and the design of novel diagnostic methods. The diagnosis of CVDs generally relies on signs and symptoms depending on molecular imaging (MI) or on CVD-associated biomarkers. For early-stage CVDs, however, the reliability, specificity, and accuracy of the analysis is still problematic. Because of their unique chemical and physical properties, nanomaterial systems have been recognized as potential candidates to enhance the functional use of diagnostic instruments. Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, lipids, and polymeric nanoparticles represent novel sources to target CVDs. The special properties of nanomaterials including surface energy and topographies actively enhance the cellular response within CVDs. The availability of newly advanced techniques in nanomaterial science opens new avenues for the targeting of CVDs. The successful application of nanomaterials for CVDs needs a detailed understanding of both the disease and targeting moieties.
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29
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Pillai SC, Borah A, Jacob EM, Kumar DS. Nanotechnological approach to delivering nutraceuticals as promising drug candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:550-568. [PMID: 33703990 PMCID: PMC7954496 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1892241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is Caesar’s sword, which poses a huge risk to the present generation. Understanding the atherosclerotic disease cycle would allow ensuring improved diagnosis, better care, and treatment. Unfortunately, a highly effective and safe way of treating atherosclerosis in the medical community remains a continuous challenge. Conventional treatments have shown considerable success, but have some adverse effects on the human body. Natural derived medications or nutraceuticals have gained immense popularity in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to their decreased side effects and toxicity-related issues. In hindsight, the contribution of nutraceuticals in imparting enhanced clinical efficacy against atherosclerosis warrants more experimental evidence. On the other hand, nanotechnology and drug delivery systems (DDS) have revolutionized the way therapeutics are performed and researchers have been constantly exploring the positive effects that DDS brings to the field of therapeutic techniques. It could be as exciting as ever to apply nano-mediated delivery of nutraceuticals as an additional strategy to target the atherosclerotic sites boasting high therapeutic efficiency of the nutraceuticals and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu C Pillai
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ankita Borah
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eden Mariam Jacob
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - D Sakthi Kumar
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
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30
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Chen J, Zhang X, Millican R, Sherwood J, Martin S, Jo H, Yoon YS, Brott BC, Jun HW. Recent advances in nanomaterials for therapy and diagnosis for atherosclerosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:142-199. [PMID: 33428994 PMCID: PMC7981266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis. It affects the heart, brain, and peripheral vessels and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Researchers have strived to design nanomaterials of various functions, ranging from non-invasive imaging contrast agents, targeted therapeutic delivery systems to multifunctional nanoagents able to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent progress (2017-now) in the development of nanomaterials and their applications to improve atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy during the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Sean Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brigitta C Brott
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050711. [PMID: 33652927 PMCID: PMC7956757 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading sources of mortality and morbidity in the world. Primary and secondary prevention appear crucial to reduce CAD-related complications. In this scenario, statin treatment was shown to be clinically effective in the reduction of adverse events, but systemic administration provides suboptimal results. As an attempt to improve bioavailability and effectiveness, polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery were recently investigated. Polymers and nanoparticles can help statin delivery and their effects by increasing oral bioavailability or enhancing target-specific interaction, leading to reduced vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduced intimal hyperplasia, reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury, increased cardiac regeneration, positive remodeling in the extracellular matrix, reduced neointimal growth and increased re-endothelization. Moreover, some innovative aspects described in other cardiovascular fields could be translated into the CAD scenario. Recent preclinical studies are underlining the effect of statins in the stimulation and differentiation of endogenous cardiac stem cells, as well as in targeting of local adverse conditions implicated in atherosclerosis, and statin delivery through poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) appears the most promising aspect of current research to enhance drug activity. The present review intends to summarize the current evidence about polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery in the field of cardiovascular disease, trying to shed light on this topic and identify new avenues for future studies.
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DeRidder L, Sharma A, Liaw K, Sharma R, John J, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Dendrimer-tesaglitazar conjugate induces a phenotype shift of microglia and enhances β-amyloid phagocytosis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:939-952. [PMID: 33479718 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05958g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Switching microglia from a disease exacerbating, 'pro-inflammatory' state into a neuroprotective, 'anti-inflammatory' phenotype is a promising strategy for addressing multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Pro-inflammatory microglia contribute to disease progression by releasing neurotoxic substances and accelerating pathogenic protein accumulation. PPARα and PPARγ agonists have both been shown to shift microglia from a pro-inflammatory ('M1-like') to an alternatively activated ('M2-like') phenotype. Such strategies have been explored in clinical trials for neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, but have likely failed due to their poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Hydroxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers (without the attachment of any targeting ligands) have been shown to cross the impaired BBB at the site of neuroinflammation and accumulate in activated microglia. Therefore, dendrimer conjugation of a PPARα/γ dual agonist may enable targeted phenotype switching of activated microglia. Here we present the synthesis and characterization of a novel dendrimer-PPARα/γ dual agonist conjugate (D-tesaglitazar). In vitro, D-tesaglitazar induces an 'M1 to M2' phenotype shift, decreases secretion of reactive oxygen species, increases expression of genes for phagocytosis and enzymatic degradation of pathogenic proteins (e.g. β-amyloid, α-synuclein), and increases β-amyloid phagocytosis. These results support further development of D-tesaglitazar towards translation for multiple neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis DeRidder
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - John John
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA and Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA and Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Katsuki S, Koga JI, Matoba T, Umezu R, Nakashiro S, Nakano K, Tsutsui H, Egashira K. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pitavastatin to Monocytes/Macrophages Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Apoe -/- Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:111-125. [PMID: 33455994 PMCID: PMC8737070 DOI: 10.5551/jat.54379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal and multifactorial disease. To prevent a rupture and dissection of enlarged AAA, prophylactic surgery and stenting are currently available. There are, however, no medical therapies preventing these complications of AAA. Statin is one of the candidates, but its efficacy on AAA formation/progression remains controversial. We have previously demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating pitavastatin (Pitava-NPs)—clinical trials using these nanoparticles have been already conducted—suppressed progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (
Apoe−/−
) mice. Therefore, we have tested a hypothesis that monocytes/macrophages-targeting delivery of pitavastatin prevents the progression of AAA.
Methods:
Angiotensin II was intraperitoneally injected by osmotic mini-pumps to induce AAA formation in
Apoe−/−
mice. NPs consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) were used for
in vivo
delivery of pitavastatin to monocytes/macrophages.
Results:
Intravenously administered Pitava-NPs (containing 0.012 mg/kg/week pitavastatin) inhibited AAA formation accompanied with reduction of macrophage accumulation and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression.
Ex vivo
molecular imaging revealed that Pitava-NPs not only reduced macrophage accumulation but also attenuated matrix metalloproteinase activity in the abdominal aorta, which was underpinned by attenuated elastin degradation.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that Pitava-NPs inhibit AAA formation associated with reduced macrophage accumulation and MCP-1 expression. This clinically feasible nanomedicine could be an innovative therapeutic strategy that prevents devastating complications of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Katsuki
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Ryuta Umezu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Soichi Nakashiro
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kaku Nakano
- The Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Innovation, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- The Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Innovation, Kyushu University.,The Department of Translational Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Statins in Lung Vascular Pathology: From Basic Science to Clinical Trials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:33-56. [PMID: 33788186 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (or statins) are cholesterol-lowering drugs and are among the most widely prescribed medications in the United States. Statins exhibit pleiotropic effects that extend beyond cholesterol reduction including anti-atherosclerotic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. Over the last 20 years, statins have been studied and examined in pulmonary vascular disorders, including both chronic pulmonary vascular disease such as pulmonary hypertension, and acute pulmonary vascular endothelial injury such as acute lung injury. In both research and clinical settings, statins have demonstrated promising vascular protection through modulation of the endothelium, attenuation of vascular leak, and promotion of endothelial repair following lung inflammation. This chapter provides a summary of the rapidly changing literature, summarizes the anti-inflammatory mechanism of statins on pulmonary vascular disorders, and explores clinical evidence for statins as a potential therapeutic approach to modulation of the endothelium as well as a means to broaden our understanding of pulmonary vasculopathy pathophysiology.
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Surmounting the endothelial barrier for delivery of drugs and imaging tracers. Atherosclerosis 2020; 315:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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EGFP-EGF1-conjugated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles as a carrier for the delivery of CCR2- shRNA to atherosclerotic macrophage in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19636. [PMID: 33184330 PMCID: PMC7661524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing macrophage recruitment by silencing chemokine (C–C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) expression is a promising therapeutic approach against atherosclerosis. However the transfection of macrophages with siRNA is often technically challenging. EGFP-EGF1-conjugated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (ENPs) have a specific affinity to tissue factor (TF). In this study, the feasibility of ENPs as a carrier for target delivery of CCR2-shRNA to atherosclerotic cellular models of macrophages was investigated. Coumarin-6 loaded ENPs were synthesized using a double-emulsion method. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assay were taken to examine the uptake of Coumarin-6 loaded ENPs in the cellular model. Then a sequence of shRNA specific to CCR2 mRNA was constructed and encapsulated into ENPs. Target delivery of CCR2-shRNA to atherosclerotic cellular models of macrophages in vitro were evaluated. Results showed more uptake of ENPs by the cellular model than common PLGA nanoparticles. CCR2-shRNA loaded ENPs effectively silenced CCR2 gene in the atherosclerotic macrophages and exhibited a favorable cytotoxic profile to cultured cells. With their low cytotoxicity and efficient drug delivery, ENP could be a useful carrier for target delivery of CCR2-shRNA to inflammatory monocytes/macrophages for the therapy against atherosclerosis.
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Teng C, Lin C, Huang F, Xing X, Chen S, Ye L, Azevedo HS, Xu C, Wu Z, Chen Z, He W. Intracellular codelivery of anti-inflammatory drug and anti-miR 155 to treat inflammatory disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1521-1533. [PMID: 32963947 PMCID: PMC7488359 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease occurring at the arterial subendothelial space. Macrophages play a critical role in the initiation and development of AS. Herein, targeted codelivery of anti-miR 155 and anti-inflammatory baicalein is exploited to polarize macrophages toward M2 phenotype, inhibit inflammation and treat AS. The codelivery system consists of a carrier-free strategy (drug-delivering-drug, DDD), fabricated by loading anti-miR155 on baicalein nanocrystals, named as baicalein nanorods (BNRs), followed by sialic acid coating to target macrophages. The codelivery system, with a diameter of 150 nm, enables efficient intracellular delivery of anti-miR155 and polarizes M1 to M2, while markedly lowers the level of inflammatory factors in vitro and in vivo. In particular, intracellular fate assay reveals that the codelivery system allows for sustained drug release over time after internalization. Moreover, due to prolonged blood circulation and improved accumulation at the AS plaque, the codelivery system significantly alleviates AS in animal model by increasing the artery lumen diameter, reducing blood pressure, promoting M2 polarization, inhibiting secretion of inflammatory factors and decreasing blood lipids. Taken together, the codelivery could potentially be used to treat vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Teng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenshi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuyang Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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Pala R, Anju VT, Dyavaiah M, Busi S, Nauli SM. Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3741-3769. [PMID: 32547026 PMCID: PMC7266400 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of high morbidity and mortality globally. Preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures available for CVDs are not very useful, which demands promising alternative methods. Nanoscience and nanotechnology open a new window in the area of CVDs with an opportunity to achieve effective treatment, better prognosis, and less adverse effects on non-target tissues. The application of nanoparticles and nanocarriers in the area of cardiology has gathered much attention due to the properties such as passive and active targeting to the cardiac tissues, improved target specificity, and sensitivity. It has reported that more than 50% of CVDs can be treated effectively through the use of nanotechnology. The main goal of this review is to explore the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cardiovascular drug carriers. This review also summarizes the difficulties associated with the conventional treatment modalities in comparison to the nanomedicine for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA92618, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92868, USA
| | - V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA92618, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92868, USA
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40
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Tokutome M, Matoba T, Nakano Y, Okahara A, Fujiwara M, Koga JI, Nakano K, Tsutsui H, Egashira K. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma targeting nanomedicine promotes cardiac healing after acute myocardial infarction by skewing monocyte/macrophage polarization in preclinical animal models. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:419-431. [PMID: 30084995 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Monocyte-mediated inflammation is a major mechanism underlying myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the healing process after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no definitive anti-inflammatory therapies have been developed for clinical use. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes/macrophages. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle (NP)-mediated targeting of pioglitazone to monocytes/macrophages ameliorates IR injury and cardiac remodelling in preclinical animal models. Methods and results We formulated poly (lactic acid/glycolic acid) NPs containing pioglitazone (pioglitazone-NPs). In a mouse IR model, these NPs were delivered predominantly to circulating monocytes and macrophages in the IR heart. Intravenous treatment with pioglitazone-NPs at the time of reperfusion attenuated IR injury. This effect was abrogated by pre-treatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. In contrast, treatment with a pioglitazone solution had no therapeutic effects on IR injury. Pioglitazone-NPs inhibited Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocyte recruitment as well as inflammatory gene expression in the IR hearts. In a mouse myocardial infarction model, intravenous treatment with pioglitazone-NPs for three consecutive days, starting 6 h after left anterior descending artery ligation, attenuated cardiac remodelling by reducing macrophage recruitment and polarizing macrophages towards the pro-healing M2 phenotype. Furthermore, pioglitazone-NPs significantly decreased mortality after MI. Finally, in a conscious porcine model of myocardial IR, pioglitazone-NPs induced cardioprotection from reperfused infarction, thus providing pre-clinical proof of concept. Conclusion NP-mediated targeting of pioglitazone to inflammatory monocytes protected the heart from IR injury and cardiac remodelling by antagonizing monocyte/macrophage-mediated acute inflammation and promoting cardiac healing after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tokutome
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arihide Okahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaku Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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41
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Park JH, Dehaini D, Zhou J, Holay M, Fang RH, Zhang L. Biomimetic nanoparticle technology for cardiovascular disease detection and treatment. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:25-42. [PMID: 32133150 PMCID: PMC7055493 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses a number of conditions that can affect the heart and blood vessels, presents a major challenge for modern-day healthcare. Nearly one in three people has some form of CVD, with many suffering from multiple or intertwined conditions that can ultimately lead to traumatic events such as a heart attack or stroke. While the knowledge obtained in the past century regarding the cardiovascular system has paved the way for the development of life-prolonging drugs and treatment modalities, CVD remains one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. More recently, researchers have explored the application of nanotechnology to improve upon current clinical paradigms for the management of CVD. Nanoscale delivery systems have many advantages, including the ability to target diseased sites, improve drug bioavailability, and carry various functional payloads. In this review, we cover the different ways in which nanoparticle technology can be applied towards CVD diagnostics and treatments. The development of novel biomimetic platforms with enhanced functionalities is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maya Holay
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Shkodra-Pula B, Vollrath A, Schubert US, Schubert S. Polymer-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications. FRONTIERS OF NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102828-5.00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Osinski V, Bauknight DK, Dasa SSK, Harms MJ, Kroon T, Marshall MA, Garmey JC, Nguyen AT, Hartman J, Upadhye A, Srikakulapu P, Zhou A, O'Mahony G, Klibanov AL, Kelly KA, Boucher J, McNamara CA. In vivo liposomal delivery of PPARα/γ dual agonist tesaglitazar in a model of obesity enriches macrophage targeting and limits liver and kidney drug effects. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:585-601. [PMID: 31903139 PMCID: PMC6929996 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important regulators of obesity-associated inflammation and PPARα and -γ agonism in macrophages has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we tested the efficacy with which liposomal delivery could target the PPARα/γ dual agonist tesaglitazar to macrophages while reducing drug action in common sites of drug toxicity: the liver and kidney, and whether tesaglitazar had anti-inflammatory effects in an in vivo model of obesity-associated dysmetabolism. Methods: Male leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice were administered tesaglitazar or vehicle for one week in a standard oral formulation or encapsulated in liposomes. Following the end of treatment, circulating metabolic parameters were measured and pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophage populations were quantified by flow cytometry. Cellular uptake of liposomes in tissues was assessed using immunofluorescence and a broad panel of cell subset markers by flow cytometry. Finally, PPARα/γ gene target expression levels in the liver, kidney, and sorted macrophages were quantified to determine levels of drug targeting to and drug action in these tissues and cells. Results: Administration of a standard oral formulation of tesaglitazar effectively treated symptoms of obesity-associated dysmetabolism and reduced the number of pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages. Macrophages are the major cell type that took up liposomes with many other immune and stromal cell types taking up liposomes to a lesser extent. Liposome delivery of tesaglitazar did not have effects on inflammatory macrophages nor did it improve metabolic parameters to the extent of a standard oral formulation. Liposomal delivery did, however, attenuate effects on liver weight and liver and kidney expression of PPARα and -γ gene targets compared to oral delivery. Conclusions: These findings reveal for the first time that tesaglitazar has anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue macrophage populations in vivo. These data also suggest that while nanoparticle delivery reduced off-target effects, yet the lack of tesaglitazar actions in non-targeted cells such (as hepatocytes and adipocytes) and the uptake of drug-loaded liposomes in many other cell types, albeit to a lesser extent, may have impacted overall therapeutic efficacy. This fulsome analysis of cellular uptake of tesaglitazar-loaded liposomes provides important lessons for future studies of liposome drug delivery.
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He W, Kapate N, Shields CW, Mitragotri S. Drug delivery to macrophages: A review of targeting drugs and drug carriers to macrophages for inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 165-166:15-40. [PMID: 31816357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which enables macrophages to respond to subtle cues in tightly coordinated ways. However, when this coordination is disrupted, macrophages can aid the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease. The central link between these disorders is aberrant macrophage polarization, which misguides their functional programs, secretory products, and regulation of the surrounding tissue microenvironment. As a result of their important and deterministic roles in both health and disease, macrophages have gained considerable attention as targets for drug delivery. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of various inflammatory diseases, summarize the leading drugs used to regulate macrophages, and review drug delivery systems designed to target macrophages. We emphasize strategies that are approved for clinical use or are poised for clinical investigation. Finally, we provide a prospectus of the future of macrophage-targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Dai L, Wang Q, Xue L, Su Z, Zhang C. An apoptotic body-biomimic liposome in situ upregulates anti-inflammatory macrophages for stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. J Control Release 2019; 316:236-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hajipour MJ, Mehrani M, Abbasi SH, Amin A, Kassaian SE, Garbern JC, Caracciolo G, Zanganeh S, Chitsazan M, Aghaverdi H, Shahri SMK, Ashkarran A, Raoufi M, Bauser-Heaton H, Zhang J, Muehlschlegel JD, Moore A, Lee RT, Wu JC, Serpooshan V, Mahmoudi M. Nanoscale Technologies for Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11352-11390. [PMID: 31490059 PMCID: PMC7003249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult myocardium has a limited regenerative capacity following heart injury, and the lost cells are primarily replaced by fibrotic scar tissue. Suboptimal efficiency of current clinical therapies to resurrect the infarcted heart results in injured heart enlargement and remodeling to maintain its physiological functions. These remodeling processes ultimately leads to ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). Recent therapeutic approaches (e.g., regenerative and nanomedicine) have shown promise to prevent HF postmyocardial infarction in animal models. However, these preclinical, clinical, and technological advancements have yet to yield substantial enhancements in the survival rate and quality of life of patients with severe ischemic injuries. This could be attributed largely to the considerable gap in knowledge between clinicians and nanobioengineers. Development of highly effective cardiac regenerative therapies requires connecting and coordinating multiple fields, including cardiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry and chemistry, and mechanical and materials sciences, among others. This review is particularly intended to bridge the knowledge gap between cardiologists and regenerative nanomedicine experts. Establishing this multidisciplinary knowledge base may help pave the way for developing novel, safer, and more effective approaches that will enable the medical community to reduce morbidity and mortality in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Mehrani
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Amin
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mitra Chitsazan
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kamali Shahri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aliakbar Ashkarran
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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47
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Characterization of Redox-Responsive LXR-Activating Nanoparticle Formulations in Primary Mouse Macrophages. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203751. [PMID: 31635211 PMCID: PMC6833070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR) has beneficial effects on macrophage lipid metabolism and inflammation, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic targeting in cardiometabolic disease. While small molecule delivery via nanomedicine has promising applications for a number of chronic diseases, questions remain as to how nanoparticle formulation might be tailored to suit different tissue microenvironments and aid in drug delivery. In the current study, we aimed to compare the in vitro drug delivering capability of three nanoparticle (NP) formulations encapsulating the LXR activator, GW-3965. We observed little difference in the base characteristics of standard PLGA-PEG NP when compared to two redox-active polymeric NP formulations, which we called redox-responsive (RR)1 and RR2. Moreover, we also observed similar uptake of these NP into primary mouse macrophages. We used the transcript and protein expression of the cholesterol efflux protein and LXR target ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) as a readout of GW-3956-induced LXR activation. Following an initial acute uptake period that was meant to mimic circulating exposure in vivo, we determined that although the induction of transcript expression was similar between NPs, treatment with the redox-sensitive RR1 NPs resulted in a higher level of ABCA1 protein. Our results suggest that NP formulations responsive to cellular cues may be an effective tool for targeted and disease-specific drug release.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Slack
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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49
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The Therapeutic Potential of Nanoparticles to Reduce Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090416. [PMID: 31455044 PMCID: PMC6769786 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the main determinants of atherogenesis. The traditional medications for treatment of atherosclerosis are not very efficient in targeting atherosclerotic inflammation. Most of these drugs are non-selective, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that have adverse effects and very limited anti-atherosclerotic effects, which limits their systemic administration. New approaches using nanoparticles have been investigated to specifically deliver therapeutic agents directly on atherosclerotic lesions. The use of drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and carbon nanotubes are attractive strategies, but some limitations exist. For instance, nanoparticles may alter the drug kinetics, based on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the diseases. In this review, we will update pathophysiological evidence for the use of nanoparticles to reduce inflammation and potentially prevent atherogenesis in different experimental models.
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50
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e171-e184. [PMID: 30354222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (C.W.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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