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Luan H, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Hou B, Liu Z, Yang L, Yang M, Ma Y, Zhang B. Brassica oleracea L. extract ameliorates isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by regulating HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105715. [PMID: 37907131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Brassica oleracea L. (BO) is an important vegetable with proven health benefits. This study aimed to elucidate the constituents of BO leaf extract (BOE) and evaluate its effect on myocardial injury. For this purpose, the constituents of BOE were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of- flight mass spectrometry, and 26 compounds were determined, including glucosinolates, sulfur compounds, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavones, and two other kinds of compounds. The effects of BOE on myocardial cells were evaluated using isoproterenol (ISO)-treated H9C2 cells and Wistar rats, and the results revealed that BOE could inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reduce the levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, lactic acid, and pyruvic acid. Meanwhile, BOE could increase the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, BOE could reduce the levels of apoptosis- and glycolysis-related proteins. Taken together, our data demonstrated that BOE treatment could alleviate ISO-induced myocardial cell injury by downregulating apoptosis and glycolysis signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yile Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, People's Republic of China.
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Devesa A, Fuster V, Vazirani R, García-Lunar I, Oliva B, España S, Moreno-Arciniegas A, Sanz J, Perez-Herreras C, Bueno H, Lara-Pezzi E, García-Alvarez A, de Vega VM, Fernández-Friera L, Trivieri MG, Fernández-Ortiz A, Rossello X, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Ibanez B. Cardiac Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2050-2057. [PMID: 37713581 PMCID: PMC10632182 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with changes in cardiac metabolism. Whether this association occurs in humans is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 821 asymptomatic individuals from the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) study (50.6 [46.9-53.6] years, 83.7% male) underwent two whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (18F-FDG PET-MR) 4.8 ± 0.6 years apart. Presence of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. No myocardial uptake was grade 0, while positive uptake was classified in grades 1-3 according to target-to-background ratio tertiles. RESULTS One hundred fifty-six participants (19.0%) showed no myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, and this was significantly associated with higher prevalence of MetS (29.0% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.001), hypertension (29.0% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.002), and diabetes (11.0% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.001), and with higher insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR, 1.64% vs. 1.23%, P < 0.001). Absence of myocardial uptake was associated with higher prevalence of early atherosclerosis (i.e., arterial 18F-FDG uptake, P = 0.004). On follow-up, the associations between myocardial 18F-FDG uptake and risk factors were replicated, and MetS was more frequent in the group without myocardial uptake. The increase in HOMA-IR was associated with a progressive decrease in myocardial uptake (P < 0.001). In 82% of subjects, the categorization according to presence/absence of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake did not change between baseline and follow-up. MetS regression on follow-up was associated with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in myocardial uptake. CONCLUSIONS Apparently healthy individuals without cardiac 18F-FDG uptake have higher HOMA-IR and higher prevalence of MetS traits, cardiovascular risk factors, and early atherosclerosis. An improvement in cardiometabolic profile is associated with the recovery of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Devesa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ravi Vazirani
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García-Lunar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Oliva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Héctor Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Alvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez de Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Quirón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Universitario HM Montepríncipe-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G. Trivieri
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases- Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Mikail N, Chequer R, Imperiale A, Meisel A, Bengs S, Portmann A, Gimelli A, Buechel RR, Gebhard C, Rossi A. Tales from the future-nuclear cardio-oncology, from prediction to diagnosis and monitoring. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:1129-1145. [PMID: 37467476 PMCID: PMC10501471 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) often share common risk factors, and patients with CVD who develop cancer are at high risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular events. Additionally, cancer treatment can induce short- and long-term adverse cardiovascular events. Given the improvement in oncological patients' prognosis, the burden in this vulnerable population is slowly shifting towards increased cardiovascular mortality. Consequently, the field of cardio-oncology is steadily expanding, prompting the need for new markers to stratify and monitor the cardiovascular risk in oncological patients before, during, and after the completion of treatment. Advanced non-invasive cardiac imaging has raised great interest in the early detection of CVD and cardiotoxicity in oncological patients. Nuclear medicine has long been a pivotal exam to robustly assess and monitor the cardiac function of patients undergoing potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapies. In addition, recent radiotracers have shown great interest in the early detection of cancer-treatment-related cardiotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the current and emerging nuclear cardiology tools that can help identify cardiotoxicity and assess the cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing cancer treatments and discuss the specific role of nuclear cardiology alongside other non-invasive imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Renata Chequer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, University Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Alessio Imperiale
- Nuclear Medicine, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 67093 Strasbourg, France
- Molecular Imaging-DRHIM, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS/Unistra, 67093 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexander Meisel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kantonsspital Glarus, Burgstrasse 99, 8750 Glarus, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angela Portmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Imaging Department, Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cathérine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Inselspital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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Staršíchová A. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h Mice Mimic Human Coronary Heart Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8. [PMID: 37273155 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the modern world. Atherosclerosis underlies the majority of these pathologies and may result in sudden life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Current concepts consider a rupture (resp. erosion) of "unstable/vulnerable" atherosclerotic plaques as a primary cause leading to thrombus formation and subsequent occlusion of the artery lumen finally triggering an acute clinical event. We and others described SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mice mimicking clinical coronary heart disease in all major aspects: from coronary atherosclerosis through vulnerable plaque ruptures leading to thrombus formation/coronary artery occlusion, finally resulting in myocardial infarction/ischemia. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse provides a valuable model to study vulnerable/occlusive plaques, to evaluate bioactive compounds as well as new anti-inflammatory and "anti-rupture" drugs, and to test new technologies in experimental cardiovascular medicine. This review summarizes and discuss our knowledge about SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse model based on recent publications and experimental observations from the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Staršíchová
- Graduate School Cell Dynamics and Disease, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Novogenia Covid GmbH, Eugendorf, Austria.
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Du J, Sudlow LC, Shahverdi K, Zhou H, Michie M, Schindler TH, Mitchell JD, Mollah S, Berezin MY. Oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice is connected to the changes in energy metabolism in the heart tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.542198. [PMID: 37292714 PMCID: PMC10245950 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. At high cumulative dosage, the negative effect of oxaliplatin on the heart becomes evident and is linked to a growing number of clinical reports. The aim of this study was to determine how chronic oxaliplatin treatment causes the changes in energy-related metabolic activity in the heart that leads to cardiotoxicity and heart damage in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with a human equivalent dosage of intraperitoneal oxaliplatin (0 and 10 mg/kg) once a week for eight weeks. During the treatment, mice were followed for physiological parameters, ECG, histology and RNA sequencing of the heart. We identified that oxaliplatin induces strong changes in the heart and affects the heart's energy-related metabolic profile. Histological post-mortem evaluation identified focal myocardial necrosis infiltrated with a small number of associated neutrophils. Accumulated doses of oxaliplatin led to significant changes in gene expression related to energy related metabolic pathways including fatty acid (FA) oxidation, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, electron transport chain, and NAD synthesis pathway. At high accumulative doses of oxaliplatin, the heart shifts its metabolism from FAs to glycolysis and increases lactate production. It also leads to strong overexpression of genes in NAD synthesis pathways such as Nmrk2. Changes in gene expression associated with energy metabolic pathways can be used to develop diagnostic methods to detect oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity early on as well as therapy to compensate for the energy deficit in the heart to prevent heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Du
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Leland C Sudlow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiana Shahverdi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan Michie
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas H Schindler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua D Mitchell
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamim Mollah
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mikhail Y Berezin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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6
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Huang JR, Zhang MH, Chen YJ, Sun YL, Gao ZM, Li ZJ, Zhang GP, Qin Y, Dai XY, Yu XY, Wu XQ. Urolithin A ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic cardiomyopathy in mice via mitophagy activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:321-331. [PMID: 35655094 PMCID: PMC9889402 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC) is characterized by intracellular lipid accumulation and utilizing fatty acids as a foremost energy source, thereby leading to excess oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. There is no effective therapy available yet. In this study we investigated whether defective mitophagy contributed to MC and whether urolithin A (UA), a naturally occurring microflora-derived metabolite, could protect against MC in experimental obese mice. Mice were fed high fat diet for 20 weeks to establish a diet-induced obese model. We showed that mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy was significantly downregulated in the heart of experimental obese mice. UA (50 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 4 weeks) markedly activated mitophagy and ameliorated MC in obese mice by gavage. In PA-challenged H9C2 cardiomyocytes, UA (5 μM) significantly increased autophagosomes and decreased autolysosomes. Furthermore, UA administration rescued PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy and relieved mitochondrial defects in the heart of obese mice, which led to improving cardiac diastolic function and ameliorating cardiac remodelling. In PA-challenged primarily isolated cardiomyocytes, both application of mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 (15 μM) and silencing of mitophagy gene Parkin blunted the myocardial protective effect of UA. In summary, our data suggest that restoration of mitophagy with UA ameliorates symptoms of MC, which highlights a therapeutic potential of UA in the treatment of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu-Ling Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhi-Min Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhuo-Jia Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Wu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA KeyLaboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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7
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Role of Echocardiography in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanisms to Clinical Practice. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020046. [PMID: 36826542 PMCID: PMC9959745 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a core risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, what is less appreciated is the fact that DM may affect cardiac function irrespective of cardiac pathologies to which it contributes, such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although echocardiography provides accurate and reproducible diagnostic and prognostic data in patients with DM, its use in these patients is still underappreciated, resulting in progression of DM-related heart failure in many patients. Hence, in the present review, we aimed to discuss the role of echocardiography in the contemporary management of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as well as the role of emerging echocardiographic techniques, which may contribute to earlier diagnosis and more appropriate management of this complication of DM. In order to improve outcomes, focus must be placed on early diagnosis of this condition using a combination of echocardiography and emerging biomarkers, but perhaps the more important thing is to change perspective when it comes to the clinical importance of DCM.
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8
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Santi ND, Wu KY, Redpath CJ, Nery PB, Huang W, Burwash IG, Bernick J, Wells GA, McArdle B, Chow BWJ, Birnie DH, Garrard L, deKemp RA, Beanlands RSB. Metabolic activity of the left and right atria are differentially altered in patients with atrial fibrillation and LV dysfunction. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:2824-2836. [PMID: 34993894 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in atrial metabolism may play a role in the perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study sought to compare 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on PET, in patients with LV dysfunction versus those without AF. METHODS Seventy-two patients who underwent myocardial viability assessment were evaluated. AF patients (36) had persistent or permanent AF based on history and ECG. Patients without AF (36) were matched to AF patients based on sex, diabetes, age, and LVEF. Maximum and mean FDG Standard Uptake Values (SUV) in the left atrial (LA) wall and right atrial (RA) wall were measured. Tissue-to-blood ratios (TBR) were calculated as atrial wall to blood-pool activity. Atrial volumes were measured by echocardiography. RESULTS Maximum and mean FDG SUV and TBRs were significantly increased in the RA (but not the LA) of patients with AF compared to those without (P < 0.01). When accounting for changes in atrial volume, the presence of AF remained a significant predictor of higher RAMAX, but not RAMEAN FDG uptake. CONCLUSION In patients with LV dysfunction from ischemic cardiomyopathy, LA and RA glucose metabolism are differentially altered in those with persistent atrial fibrillation. Further investigations should elucidate the temporal relationship between AF and glucose metabolic changes, as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Santi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kai Yi Wu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C J Redpath
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo B Nery
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wayne Huang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queensway Carleton Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian G Burwash
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Bernick
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George A Wells
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian McArdle
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin W J Chow
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David H Birnie
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Garrard
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A deKemp
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rob S B Beanlands
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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9
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Haidar A, Taegtmeyer H. Strategies for Imaging Metabolic Remodeling of the Heart in Obesity and Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:327-335. [PMID: 35107704 PMCID: PMC9074778 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Define early myocardial metabolic changes among patients with obesity and heart failure, and to describe noninvasive methods and their applications for imaging cardiac metabolic remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic remodeling precedes, triggers, and sustains functional and structural remodeling in the stressed heart. Alterations in cardiac metabolism can be assessed by using a variety of molecular probes. The glucose tracer analog, 18F-FDG, and the labeled tracer 11C-palmitate are still the most commonly used tracers to assess glucose and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. The development of new tracer analogs and imaging agents, including those targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), provides new opportunities for imaging metabolic activities at a molecular level. While the use of cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the clinical setting is limited to the assessment of intramyocardial and epicardial fat, new technical improvements are likely to increase its usage in the setting of heart failure. Noninvasive imaging methods are an effective tool for the serial assessment of alterations in cardiac metabolism, either during disease progression, or in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amier Haidar
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful treatment of cancer can be hampered by the attendant risk of cardiotoxicity, manifesting as cardiomyopathy, left ventricle systolic dysfunction and, in some cases, heart failure. This risk can be mitigated if the injury to the heart is detected before the onset to irreversible cardiac impairment. The gold standard for cardiac imaging in cardio-oncology is echocardiography. Despite improvements in the application of this modality, it is not typically sensitive to sub-clinical or early-stage dysfunction. We identify in this review some emerging tracers for detecting incipient cardiotoxicity by positron emission tomography (PET). RECENT FINDINGS Vectors labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides (e.g., carbon-11, fluorine-18, gallium-68) are now available to study cardiac function, metabolism, and tissue repair in preclinical models. Many of these probes are highly sensitive to early damage, thereby potentially addressing the limitations of current imaging approaches, and show promise in preliminary clinical evaluations. The overlapping pathophysiology between cardiotoxicity and heart failure significantly expands the number of imaging tools available to cardio-oncology. This is highlighted by the emergence of radiolabeled probes targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) for sensitive detection of dysregulated healing process that underpins adverse cardiac remodeling. The growth of PET scanner technology also creates an opportunity for a renaissance in metabolic imaging in cardio-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Kelly
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, Room BB-1604, 413 East 69th St, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - John W. Babich
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, Room BB-1604, 413 East 69th St, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
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11
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Swamy MMM, Zubir MZM, Mutmainah, Tsuboi S, Murai Y, Monde K, Hirano KI, Jin T. A near-infrared fluorescent long-chain fatty acid toward optical imaging of cardiac metabolism in living mice. Analyst 2022; 147:4206-4212. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00999d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A near infrared fluorescence labelled long-chain fatty acid (FFA), Alexa680-BMPP (BMPP: 15-(4-(3-aminopropyl)phenyl)-3-methyl pentadecanoic acid), was synthesized as a fluorescent probe toward optical imaging of cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeva M. M. Swamy
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Mohamad Zarif Mohd Zubir
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Mutmainah
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Setsuko Tsuboi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-4, Furuedai Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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12
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Effendi N, Mishiro K, Wakabayashi H, Gabryel-Skrodzka M, Shiba K, Taki J, Jastrząb R, Kinuya S, Ogawa K. Synthesis and evaluation of radiogallium-labeled long-chain fatty acid derivatives as myocardial metabolic imaging agents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261226. [PMID: 34910775 PMCID: PMC8673672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since long-chain fatty acids work as the primary energy source for the myocardium, radiolabeled long-chain fatty acids play an important role as imaging agents to diagnose metabolic heart dysfunction and heart diseases. With the aim of developing radiogallium-labeled fatty acids, herein four fatty acid-based tracers, [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-PDA, [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-MHDA, [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-PDA, and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-MHDA, which are [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA conjugated with pentadecanoic acid (PDA) and 3-methylhexadecanoic acid (MHDA), were synthesized, and their potential for myocardial metabolic imaging was evaluated. Those tracers were found to be chemically stable in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline. Initial [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-PDA, [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-MHDA, [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-PDA, and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-MHDA uptakes in the heart at 0.5 min postinjection were 5.01 ± 0.30%ID/g, 5.74 ± 1.02%ID/g, 5.67 ± 0.22%ID/g, and 5.29 ± 0.10%ID/g, respectively. These values were significantly lower than that of [123I]BMIPP (21.36 ± 2.73%ID/g). For their clinical application as myocardial metabolic imaging agents, further structural modifications are required to increase their uptake in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmaya Effendi
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Renata Jastrząb
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Preda A, Liberale L, Montecucco F. Imaging techniques for the assessment of adverse cardiac remodeling in metabolic syndrome. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1883-1897. [PMID: 34796433 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes different metabolic conditions (i.e. abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL cholesterol, and/or hypertension) that concour in the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. MetS individuals often show adverse cardiac remodeling and myocardial dysfunction even in the absence of overt coronary artery disease or valvular affliction. Diastolic impairment and hypertrophy are hallmarks of MetS-related cardiac remodeling and represent the leading cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Altered cardiomyocyte function, increased neurohormonal tone, interstitial fibrosis, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and a myriad of metabolic abnormalities have all been implicated in the development and progression of adverse cardiac remodeling related to MetS. However, despite the enormous amount of literature produced on this argument, HF remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in such population. The early detection of initial adverse cardiac remodeling would enable the optimal implementation of effective therapies aiming at preventing the progression of the disease to the symptomatic phase. Beyond conventional imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, cardiac tomography, and magnetic resonance, novel post-processing tools and techniques provide information on the biological processes that underlie metabolic heart disease. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of MetS-related cardiac remodeling and illustrate the relevance of state-of-the-art multimodality cardiac imaging to identify and quantify the degree of myocardial involvement, prognosticate long-term clinical outcome, and potentially guide therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.
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14
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Lin KL, Chen SD, Lin KJ, Liou CW, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Lin TK. Quality Matters? The Involvement of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636295. [PMID: 33829016 PMCID: PMC8019794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide. Multiple factors are known to affect the cardiovascular system from lifestyles, genes, underlying comorbidities, and age. Requiring high workload, metabolism of the heart is largely dependent on continuous power supply via mitochondria through effective oxidative respiration. Mitochondria not only serve as cellular power plants, but are also involved in many critical cellular processes, including the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating cellular survival. To cope with environmental stress, mitochondrial function has been suggested to be essential during bioenergetics adaptation resulting in cardiac pathological remodeling. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction has been advocated in various aspects of cardiovascular pathology including the response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, mitochondrial homeostasis through mitochondrial dynamics and quality control is pivotal in the maintenance of cardiac health. Impairment of the segregation of damaged components and degradation of unhealthy mitochondria through autophagic mechanisms may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cardiac disorders. This article provides in-depth understanding of the current literature regarding mitochondrial remodeling and dynamics in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Bertero E, Dudek J, Cochain C, Delgobo M, Ramos G, Gerull B, Higuchi T, Vaeth M, Zernecke A, Frantz S, Hofmann U, Maack C. Immuno-metabolic interfaces in cardiac disease and failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:37-52. [PMID: 33537710 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the cardiovascular system, metabolism, and inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of the interrelation between inflammation and metabolism, ranging from the role of metabolism in immune cell function to the processes how inflammation modulates systemic and cardiac metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss how disruption of this immuno-metabolic interface is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, with a special focus on heart failure. Finally, we present new technologies and therapeutic approaches that have recently emerged and hold promise for the future of cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Murilo Delgobo
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, CHFC, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Ma L, Nidadavolu LS, Yang H, Langdon J, Westbrook R, Tsui BMW, Lee TS, Hinson J, Ling S, Marx-Rattner R, Wu Y, Nguyen T, Tan J, Khadeer M, Moaddel R, Le A, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Targeted Deletion of Interleukin-6 in a Mouse Model of Chronic Inflammation Demonstrates Opposing Roles in Aging: Benefit and Harm. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:211-215. [PMID: 32585682 PMCID: PMC7812426 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation (CI) in older adults is associated with reduced health span and life span. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one CI marker that is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes and mortality in aging. We have previously characterized a mouse model of frailty and chronic inflammatory pathway activation (IL-10tm/tm, IL-10 KO) that demonstrates the upregulation of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6. We sought to identify a more specific role for IL-6 within the context of CI and aging and developed a mouse with targeted deletion of both IL-10 and IL-6 (IL-10tm/tm/IL-6tm/tm, DKO). Phenotypic characteristics, cytokine measurements, cardiac myocardial oxygen consumption, physical function, and survival were measured in DKO mice and compared to age- and gender-matched IL-10 KO and wild-type mice. Our findings demonstrate that selective knockdown of IL-6 in a frail mouse with CI resulted in the reversal of some of the CI-associated changes. We observed increased protective mitochondrial-associated lipid metabolites, decreased cardiac oxaloacetic acid, improved myocardial oxidative metabolism, and better short-term functional performance in DKO mice. However, the DKO mice also demonstrated higher mortality. This work shows the pleiotropic effects of IL-6 on aging and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lolita S Nidadavolu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Huanle Yang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jackie Langdon
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reyhan Westbrook
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin M W Tsui
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Taek-Soo Lee
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jared Hinson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shizhang Ling
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuqiong Wu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Gropler RJ. Imaging Myocardial Metabolism. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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18
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Colombano A, Dall'Angelo S, Kingston L, Grönberg G, Correia C, Passannante R, Baz Z, Morcillo MÁ, Elmore CS, Llop J, Zanda M. 4,4,16-Trifluoropalmitate: Design, Synthesis, Tritiation, Radiofluorination and Preclinical PET Imaging Studies on Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2317-2331. [PMID: 32856369 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) produces most of the ATP used to sustain the cardiac contractile work, although glycolysis is a secondary source of ATP under normal physiological conditions. FAO impairment has been reported in the advanced stages of heart failure (HF) and is strongly linked to disease progression and severity. Thus, from a clinical perspective, FAO dysregulation provides prognostic value for HF progression, the assessment of which could be used to improve patient monitoring and the effectiveness of therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging represents a powerful tool for the assessment and quantification of metabolic pathways in vivo. Several FAO PET tracers have been reported in the literature, but none of them is in routine clinical use yet. Metabolically trapped tracers are particularly interesting because they undergo FAO to generate a radioactive metabolite that is subsequently trapped in the mitochondria, thus providing a quantitative means of measuring FAO in vivo. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, tritium labelling and radiofluorination of 4,4,16-trifluoro-palmitate (1) as a novel potential metabolically trapped FAO tracer. Preliminary PET-CT studies on [18 F]1 in rats showed rapid blood clearance, good metabolic stability - confirmed by using [3 H]1 in vitro - and resistance towards defluorination. However, cardiac uptake in rats was modest (0.24±0.04 % ID/g), and kinetic analysis showed reversible uptake, thus indicating that [18 F]1 is not irreversibly trapped.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Correia
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rossana Passannante
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Baz
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.,C.N.R.-SCITEC, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.,Current address: School of Science, Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science, Loughborough University Sir David Davies Building, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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19
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Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism. Biochem J 2020; 477:1261-1286. [PMID: 32271883 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.
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20
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Pristaj N, Saeed S, Midtbø H, Halland H, Matre K, Gerdts E. Covariables of Myocardial Function in Women and Men with Increased Body Mass Index. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:579-586. [PMID: 33098553 PMCID: PMC7661414 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex-difference in types of cardiac organ damage has been reported in subjects with increased body mass index (BMI). However less is known about sex-differences in left ventricular (LV) myocardial function assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS) in these subjects. Methods 493 subjects (mean age 47 ± 9 years, 61% women) with BMI > 27.0 kg/m2 and without known cardiac disease underwent 24-hour (24h) ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recording, body composition analysis, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement and echocardiography. LV peak systolic GLS was measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and LV ejection fraction (EF) by biplane Simpson’s method. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Women had higher prevalence of increased waist circumference (99% vs. 82%), lower prevalence of hypertension (59 vs. 74%), and lower serum triglycerides (1.3 ± 0.7 vs. 1.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L) and carotid-femoral PWV (7.3 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 1.6 m/s) compared to men (all p < 0.05). Women also had higher (more negative) GLS compared to men (− 19.9 ± 3.0 vs. − 18.6 ± 3.0%, p < 0.001), while EF did not differ between sexes. In multivariable linear regression analyses, lower GLS in women was associated with higher waist circumference and PWV and with lower EF (all p < 0.05). In men, lower GLS was associated with higher waist circumference and HOMA-IR, and with lower EF (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Among subjects with increased BMI, GLS was higher in women than men. Lower GLS was associated with abdominal obesity in both sexes, and with impaired glucose metabolism in men, and with higher arterial stiffness in women. Trial registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02805478, first registered 20.06.16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pristaj
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sahrai Saeed
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga Midtbø
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde Halland
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Matre
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Gerdts
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Saeed S, Waje-Andreassen U, Nilsson PM. The association of the metabolic syndrome with target organ damage: focus on the heart, brain, and central arteries. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:601-614. [PMID: 32757786 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1807327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an adverse metabolic state composed of obesity, hyperglycemia/pre-diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. It substantially increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and has a huge impact on public health. AREA COVERED The present review gives an update on the definition and prevalence of MetS, and its impact on cardiac structure and function as well as on the brain and central arteries. The association with CVD and mortality risk is discussed. Focus is mainly directed toward the subclinical target organ damage related to MetS. Data is also critically reviewed to provide evidence on the incremental prognostic value of overall MetS over its individual components. EXPERT COMMENTARY MetS is a clinical risk condition associated with subclinical and clinical CVD and mortality. Roughly, 30% of the world population suffer from MetS. As all components of the MetS are modifiable, optimal preventive and therapeutic measures should be initiated to improve CV risk control, particularly aggressively treating hypertension and hyperglycemia, and encouraging people to adopt healthy lifestyle as early as possible is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahrai Saeed
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital , Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Haider A, Bengs S, Schade K, Wijnen WJ, Portmann A, Etter D, Fröhlich S, Warnock GI, Treyer V, Burger IA, Fiechter M, Kudura K, Fuchs TA, Pazhenkottil AP, Buechel RR, Kaufmann PA, Meisel A, Stolzmann P, Gebhard C. Myocardial 18F-FDG Uptake Pattern for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Oncologic PET/CT. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072279. [PMID: 32709049 PMCID: PMC7408629 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT) has become the standard staging modality in various tumor entities. Cancer patients frequently receive cardio-toxic therapies. However, routine cardiovascular assessment in oncologic patients is not performed in current clinical practice. Accordingly, this study sought to assess whether myocardial 18F-FDG uptake patterns of patients undergoing oncologic PET/CT can be used for cardiovascular risk stratification. Methods: Myocardial 18F-FDG uptake pattern was assessed in 302 patients undergoing both oncologic whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT and myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-MPI) within a six-month period. Primary outcomes were myocardial 18F-FDG uptake pattern, impaired myocardial perfusion, ongoing ischemia, myocardial scar, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Results: Among all patients, 109 (36.1%) displayed no myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, 77 (25.5%) showed diffuse myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, 24 (7.9%) showed focal 18F-FDG uptake, and 92 (30.5%) had a focal on diffuse myocardial 18F-FDG uptake pattern. In contrast to the other uptake patterns, focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was predominantly observed in patients with myocardial abnormalities (i.e., abnormal perfusion, impaired LVEF, myocardial ischemia, or scar). Accordingly, a multivariate logistic regression identified focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake as a strong predictor of abnormal myocardial function/perfusion (odds ratio (OR) 5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73–16.34, p = 0.003). Similarly, focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was an independent predictor of ongoing ischemia and myocardial scar (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.53–11.4, p = 0.005 and OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.47–9.69, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: Focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake seen on oncologic PET/CT indicates a significantly increased risk for multiple myocardial abnormalities. Obtaining and taking this information into account will help to stratify patients according to risk and will reduce unnecessary cardiovascular complications in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Schade
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Winandus J. Wijnen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angela Portmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Etter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Fröhlich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey I. Warnock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Irene A. Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Michael Fiechter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Center, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Ken Kudura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Tobias A. Fuchs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Aju P. Pazhenkottil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Ronny R. Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Philipp A. Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Alexander Meisel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paul Stolzmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The term diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the presence of abnormalities in myocardial structure and function that occur in the absence of, or in addition to, well-established cardiovascular risk factors. A key contributor to this abnormal structural-functional relation is the complex interplay of myocardial metabolic remodeling, defined as the loss the flexibility in myocardial substrate metabolism and its downstream detrimental effects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. In parallel with the growth in understanding of these biological underpinnings has been developmental advances in imaging tools such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy that permit the detection and in many cases quantification, of the processes that typifies the myocardial metabolic remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The imaging readouts can be obtained in both preclinical models of diabetes mellitus and patients with diabetes mellitus facilitating the bi-directional movement of information between bench and bedside. Moreover, imaging biomarkers provided by these tools are now being used to enhance discovery and development of therapies designed to reduce the myocardial effects of diabetes mellitus through metabolic modulation. In this review, the use of these imaging tools in the patient with diabetes mellitus from a mechanistic, therapeutic effect, and clinical management perspective will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Peterson
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (R.J.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Translational large animal model of hibernating myocardium: characterization by serial multimodal imaging. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:33. [PMID: 32291522 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonrevascularizable coronary artery disease is a frequent cause of hibernating myocardium leading to heart failure (HF). Currently, there is a paucity of therapeutic options for patients with this condition. There is a lack of animal models resembling clinical features of hibernating myocardium. Here we present a large animal model of hibernating myocardium characterized by serial multimodality imaging. Yucatan minipigs underwent a surgical casein ameroid implant around the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), resulting in a progressive obstruction of the vessel. Pigs underwent serial multimodality imaging including invasive coronary angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and hybrid 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). A total of 43 pigs were operated on and were followed for 120 ± 37 days with monthly multimodality imaging. 24 pigs (56%) died during the follow-up. Severe LAD luminal stenosis was documented in all survivors. In the group of 19 long-term survivors, 17 (90%) developed left ventricular systolic dysfunction [median LVEF of 35% (IQR 32.5-40.5%)]. In 17/17, at-risk territory was viable on CMR and 14 showed an increased glucose uptake in the at-risk myocardium on 18FDG-PET/CT. The present pig model resembles most of the human hibernated myocardium characteristics and associated heart failure (systolic dysfunction, viable myocardium, and metabolic switch to glucose). This human-like model might be used to test novel interventions for nonrevascularizable coronary artery disease and ischemia heart failure as a previous stage to clinical trials.
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25
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Lai N, Kummitha CM, Loy F, Isola R, Hoppel CL. Bioenergetic functions in subpopulations of heart mitochondria are preserved in a non-obese type 2 diabetes rat model (Goto-Kakizaki). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5444. [PMID: 32214195 PMCID: PMC7096416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct bioenergetic impairment of heart mitochondrial subpopulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with obesity; however, many type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with high-risk for cardiovascular disease are not obese. In the absence of obesity, it is unclear whether bioenergetic function in the subpopulations of mitochondria is affected in heart with T2DM. To address this issue, a rat model of non-obese T2DM was used to study heart mitochondrial energy metabolism, measuring bioenergetics and enzyme activities of the electron transport chain (ETC). Oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of substrates for ETC and ETC activities in both populations of heart mitochondria in T2DM rats were unchanged. Despite the preservation of mitochondrial function, aconitase activity in T2DM heart was reduced, suggesting oxidative stress in mitochondria. Our study indicate that metabolic function of heart mitochondria is unchanged in the face of oxidative stress and point to a critical role of obesity in T2DM cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA. .,Department of Mechanical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, USA.
| | - C M Kummitha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - F Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, USA
| | - R Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, USA
| | - C L Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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18F-FDG PET-Based Imaging of Myocardial Inflammation Predicts a Functional Outcome Following Transplantation of mESC-Derived Cardiac Induced Cells in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121613. [PMID: 31835854 PMCID: PMC6952872 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular inflammation following acute myocardial infarction has gained increasing importance as a target mechanism for therapeutic approaches. We sought to investigate the effect of syngeneic cardiac induced cells (CiC) on myocardial inflammation using 18F-FDG PET (Positron emission tomography)-based imaging and the resulting effect on cardiac pump function using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Mice underwent permanent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation inducing an acute inflammatory response. The therapy group received an intramyocardial injection of 106 CiC into the border zone of the infarction. Five days after myocardial infarction, 18F-FDG PET was performed under anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine (KX) to image the inflammatory response in the heart. Flow cytometry of the mononuclear cells in the heart was performed to analyze the inflammatory response. The effect of CiC therapy on cardiac function was determined after three weeks by CMR. The 18F-FDG PET imaging of the heart five days after myocardial infarction (MI) revealed high focal tracer accumulation in the border zone of the infarcted myocardium, whereas no difference was observed in the tracer uptake between infarct and remote myocardium. The CiC transplantation induced a shift in 18F-FDG uptake pattern, leading to significantly higher 18F-FDG uptake in the whole heart, as well as the remote area of the heart. Correspondingly, high numbers of CD11+ cells could be measured by flow cytometry in this region. The CiC transplantation significantly improved the left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) three weeks after myocardial infarction. The CiC transplantation after myocardial infarction leads to an improvement in pump function through modulation of the cellular inflammatory response five days after myocardial infarction. By combining CiC transplantation and the cardiac glucose uptake suppression protocol with KX in a mouse model, we show for the first time, that imaging of cellular inflammation after myocardial infarction using 18F-FDG PET can be used as an early prognostic tool for assessing the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapies.
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Cysteine Derivatized 99mTc-Labelled Fatty Acids as β-Oxidation Markers. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of developing 99mTc-labeled fatty acids intended for myocardial metabolism imaging we report herein the synthesis and characterization of two novel derivatives of undecanonoic and hexadecanonoic acid that have been functionalized at the ω-site by cysteine through the formation of a thioether bond (Cys–FA11 and Cys–FA16). Equimolar amounts of each ligand and the [NEt4]2[Re(CO)3Br3] precursor generated the respective hexacoordinated neutral complexes in which the ligand coordinated to the metal through the SNO donor system of cysteine. The rhenium complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies. The analogous technetium-99m complexes, 99mTc–Cys–FA11 and 99mTc–Cys–FA16 were prepared by incubation of the ligand with the precursor [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ (radiochemical yield ≥98%). Their structure was established by comparative HPLC techniques. In vivo studies in mice showed high initial heart uptake for both 99mTc complexes (7.4 ± 0.53 and 7.07 ± 0.73 percentage of injected dose (%ID)/g at 1 min post injection. Rapid clearance (0.60 ± 0.02 %ID/g) was observed for 99mTc–Cys–FA11 while the clearance of the longer fatty acid 99mTc–Cys–FA16 was slower (2.31 ± 0.09 %ID/g at 15 min p.i.). Metabolite analysis study indicated that complexes were catabolized through the β-oxidation process.
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28
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Nyström T, James SK, Lindahl B, Östlund O, Erlinge D, Herlitz J, Omerovic E, Mellbin L, Alfredsson J, Fröbert O, Jernberg T, Hofmann R. Oxygen Therapy in Myocardial Infarction Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Predefined Subgroup Analysis From the DETO2X-AMI Trial. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:2032-2041. [PMID: 31473600 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction (MI) patients with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Determination of the Role of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction (DETO2X-AMI) trial, 6,629 normoxemic patients with suspected MI were randomized to oxygen at 6 L/min for 6-12 h or ambient air. In this prespecified analysis involving 5,010 patients with confirmed MI, 934 had known diabetes. Oxidative stress may be of particular importance in diabetes, and the primary objective was to study the effect of supplemental oxygen on the composite of all-cause death and rehospitalization with MI or heart failure (HF) at 1 year in patients with and without diabetes. RESULTS As expected, event rates were significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared with patients without diabetes (main composite end point: hazard ratio [HR] 1.60 [95% CI 1.32-1.93], P < 0.01). In patients with diabetes, the main composite end point occurred in 16.2% (72 of 445) allocated to oxygen as compared with 16.6% (81 of 489) allocated to ambient air (HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.67-1.27], P = 0.81). There was no statistically significant difference for the individual components of the composite end point or the rate of cardiovascular death up to 1 year. Likewise, corresponding end points in patients without diabetes were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite markedly higher event rates in patients with MI and diabetes, oxygen therapy did not significantly affect 1-year all-cause death, cardiovascular death, or rehospitalization with MI or HF, irrespective of underlying diabetes, in line with the results of the entire study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nyström
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan K James
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ollie Östlund
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Herlitz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska University Hospital Department of Cardiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Mellbin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Boutagy NE, Feher A, Alkhalil I, Umoh N, Sinusas AJ. Molecular Imaging of the Heart. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:477-533. [PMID: 30873600 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision-making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most-widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high-sensitivity in vivo detection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:477-533, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran Alkhalil
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nsini Umoh
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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30
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Ntziachristos V, Pleitez MA, Aime S, Brindle KM. Emerging Technologies to Image Tissue Metabolism. Cell Metab 2019; 29:518-538. [PMID: 30269982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the implication of altered metabolism in a large spectrum of tissue function and disease, assessment of metabolic processes becomes essential in managing health. In this regard, imaging can play a critical role in allowing observation of biochemical and physiological processes. Nuclear imaging methods, in particular positron emission tomography, have been widely employed for imaging metabolism but are mainly limited by the use of ionizing radiation and the sensing of only one parameter at each scanning session. Observations in healthy individuals or longitudinal studies of disease could markedly benefit from non-ionizing, multi-parameter imaging methods. We therefore focus this review on progress with the non-ionizing radiation methods of MRI, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and emerging optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging. We also briefly discuss the role of nuclear and optical imaging methods for research and clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Miguel A Pleitez
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Old Addenbrooke's Site, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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31
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Streckfuss-Bömeke K. Clinical nuclear medicine tracers: Easy metabolic assays in stem cell research and cardiac disease? Int J Cardiol 2018; 269:272-273. [PMID: 30060969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany.
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32
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Early Imaging Biomarker of Myocardial Glucose Adaptations in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Model by Using 18F-FDG PET and [U- 13C]glucose Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tracer. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:8751267. [PMID: 30116165 PMCID: PMC6079607 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8751267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background High-fat diet (HFD) induces systemic insulin resistance leading to myocardial dysfunction. We aim to characterize the early adaptations of myocardial glucose utility to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned into two groups, fed a regular chow diet or HFD ad libitum for 10 weeks. We used in vivo imaging of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), 18F-FDG PET, and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analysis for the carbon-13-labeled glucose ([U-13C]Glc) perfused myocardium. Results As compared with controls, HFD rats had a higher ejection fraction and a smaller left ventricular end-systolic volume (P < 0.05), with SUVmax of myocardium on 18F-FDG PET significantly increased in 4 weeks (P < 0.005). The [U-13C]Glc probed the increased glucose uptake being metabolized into pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, undergoing oxidative phosphorylation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and then synthesized into glutamic acid and glutamine, associated with overexpressed LC3B (P < 0.05). Conclusions HFD-induced IR associated with increased glucose utility undergoing oxidative phosphorylation via the TCA cycle in the myocardium is supported by overexpression of glucose transporter, acetyl-CoA synthase. Noninvasive imaging biomarker has potentials in detecting the metabolic perturbations prior to the decline of the left ventricular function.
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Jain A, Mathur A, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Dash A. Synthesis and evaluation of 68Ga labeled palmitic acid for cardiac metabolic imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 140:35-40. [PMID: 29936274 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluates the potential of a 68Ga labeled long chain 16C fatty acid for cardiac metabolic imaging. For radiolabeling with 68Ga, hexadecanedioic acid was coupled with the chelator p-NH2-Bn-NOTA. Under the optimized conditions, NOTA-hexadecanoic acid could be radiolabeled with 68Ga in ≥95% yields. In biodistribution studies carried out in Swiss mice, 68Ga-NOTA-hexadecanoic acid showed low myocardial uptake at 2 min p.i. (3.7 ± 1.3%ID/g). While 68Ga-NOTA-hexadecanoic acid cleared rapidly from non-target organs such as blood, lungs, intestine and kidney, wash out from liver was slow. Radio-HPLC analyses of myocardial extracts of rats injected with 68Ga-NOTA-hexadecanoic acid confirmed its metabolic transformation in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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34
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Nose N, Werner RA, Ueda Y, Günther K, Lapa C, Javadi MS, Fukushima K, Edenhofer F, Higuchi T. Metabolic substrate shift in human induced pluripotent stem cells during cardiac differentiation: Functional assessment using in vitro radionuclide uptake assay. Int J Cardiol 2018; 269:229-234. [PMID: 30224033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in cellular reprogramming technology enable the production of virtually unlimited numbers of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Although hiPSC-CM share various characteristic hallmarks with endogenous cardiomyocytes, it remains a question as to what extent metabolic characteristics are equivalent to mature mammalian cardiomyocytes. Here we set out to functionally characterize the metabolic status of hiPSC-CM in vitro by employing a radionuclide tracer uptake assay. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cardiac differentiation of hiPSC was induced using a combination of well-orchestrated extrinsic stimuli such as WNT activation (by CHIR99021) and BMP signalling followed by WNT inhibition and lactate based cardiomyocyte enrichment. For characterization of metabolic substrates, dual tracer uptake studies were performed with 18F‑2‑fluoro‑2‑deoxy‑d‑glucose (18F-FDG) and 125I‑β‑methyl‑iodophenyl‑pentadecanoic acid (125I-BMIPP) as transport markers of glucose and fatty acids, respectively. RESULTS After cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs, in vitro tracer uptake assays confirmed metabolic substrate shift from glucose to fatty acids that was comparable to those observed in native isolated human cardiomyocytes. Immunostaining further confirmed expression of fatty acid transport and binding proteins on hiPSC-CM. CONCLUSIONS During in vitro cardiac maturation, we observed a metabolic shift to fatty acids, which are known as a main energy source of mammalian hearts, suggesting hi-PSC-CM as a potential functional phenotype to investigate alteration of cardiac metabolism in cardiac diseases. Results also highlight the use of available clinical nuclear medicine tracers as functional assays in stem cell research for improved generation of autologous differentiated cells for numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nose
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Research Center, Suita, Japan; Division of Medical Technology and Science, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Course of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Rudolf A Werner
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Else-Kröner Forschungskolleg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Günther
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazuhito Fukushima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Research Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Research Center, Suita, Japan; Division of Medical Technology and Science, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Course of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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Davidson CQ, Phenix CP, Tai TC, Khaper N, Lees SJ. Searching for novel PET radiotracers: imaging cardiac perfusion, metabolism and inflammation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 8:200-227. [PMID: 30042871 PMCID: PMC6056242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in medical imaging technology have led to an increased demand for radiopharmaceuticals for early and accurate diagnosis of cardiac function and diseased states. Myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and hypoxia positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radiotracers for detection of cardiac disease lack specificity for targeting inflammation that can be an early indicator of cardiac disease. Inflammation can occur at all stages of cardiac disease and currently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose analog, is the standard for detecting myocardial inflammation. 18F-FDG has many ideal characteristics of a radiotracer but lacks the ability to differentiate between glucose uptake in normal cardiomyocytes and inflammatory cells. Developing a PET radiotracer that differentiates not only between inflammatory cells and normal cardiomyocytes, but between types of immune cells involved in inflammation would be ideal. This article reviews current PET radiotracers used in cardiac imaging, their limitations, and potential radiotracer candidates for imaging cardiac inflammation in early stages of development of acute and chronic cardiac diseases. The select radiotracers reviewed have been tested in animals and/or show potential to be developed as a radiotracer for the detection of cardiac inflammation by targeting the enzymatic activities or subpopulations of macrophages that are recruited to an injured or infected site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- Department of Chemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - TC Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian UniversitySudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Department of Biology, Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- Department of Biology, Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Stypinski D, McQuarrie SA, McEwan AJB, Wiebe LI. Pharmacokinetics and Scintigraphic Imaging of the Hypoxia-Imaging Agent [ 123I]IAZA in Healthy Adults Following Exercise-Based Cardiac Stress †. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010025. [PMID: 29470434 PMCID: PMC5874838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential effect of cardiac stress exercise on the accumulation of [123I]IAZA, a radiopharmaceutical used to image focal tissue hypoxia, in otherwise normal myocardium in healthy volunteers, and to determine the impact of exercise on [123I]IAZA pharmacokinetics. The underlying goal is to establish a rational basis and a baseline for studies of focal myocardial hypoxia in cardiac patients using [123I]IAZA. Three healthy male volunteers ran the ‘Bruce’ treadmill protocol, a clinically-accepted protocol designed to expose myocardial ischemia in patients. The ‘Bruce’ criterion heart rate is 85% of [220–age]. Approximately one minute before reaching this level, [123I]IAZA (5.0 mCi/0.85 mg) was administered as a slow (1–3 min) single intravenous (i.v.) injection via an indwelling venous catheter. The volunteer continued running for an additional 1 min before being transferred to a gamma camera. Serum samples were collected from the arm contralateral to the administration site at pre-determined intervals from 1 min to 45 h post injection and were analyzed by radio HPLC. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were derived for [123I]IAZA and total radioactivity (total[123I]) using compartmental and noncompartmental analyses. Whole-body planar scintigraphic images were acquired from 0.75 to 24 h after dosing. PK data and scintigraphic images were compared to previously published [123I]IAZA data from healthy volunteers rest. Following exercise stress, both [123I]IAZA and total[123I] exhibited bi-exponential decline profiles, with rapid distribution phases [half-lives (t1/2α) of 1.2 and 1.4 min, respectively], followed by slower elimination phases [t1/2β of 195 and 290 min, respectively]. Total body clearance (CLTB) and the steady state volume of distribution (Vss) were 0.647 L/kg and 185 mL/min, respectively, for [123I]IAZA and 0.785 L/kg and 135 mL/min, respectively, for total[123I]. The t1/2β, CLTB and Vss values were comparable to those reported previously for rested volunteers. The t1/2α was approximately 4-fold shorter for [123I]IAZA and approximately 3-fold shorter for total[123I] under exercise relative to rested subjects. The heart region was visualized in early whole body scintigraphic images, but later images showed no accumulated radioactivity in this region, and no differences from images reported for rested volunteers were apparent. Minimal uptake of radiotracer in myocardium and skeletal muscle was consistent with uptake in non-stressed myocardium. Whole-body scintigrams for [123I]IAZA in exercise-stressed healthy volunteers were indistinguishable from images of non-exercised volunteers. There was no evidence of hypoxia-dependent binding in exercised but otherwise healthy myocardium, supporting the conclusion that exercise stress at Bruce protocol intensity does not induce measurable myocardial hypoxia. Effects of exercise on PK parameters were minimal; specifically, the t1/2α was shortened, reflecting increased cardiac output associated with exercise. It is concluded that because [123I]IAZA was not metabolically bound in exercise-stressed myocardium, a stress test will not create elevated myocardial background that would mask regions of myocardial perfusion deficiency. [123I]IAZA would therefore be suitable for the detection of viable, hypoxic myocardium in patients undergoing stress-test-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Stypinski
- Pfizer Inc., Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY 10017, USA.
| | - Stephen A McQuarrie
- PET Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6B 1Z2, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada; 2-40 Medical Isotope & Cyclotron Facility, University of Alberta-South Campus, Edmonton, AB T6H 2V8, Canada.
| | - Alexander J B McEwan
- PET Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6B 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Leonard I Wiebe
- PET Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6B 1Z2, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada; 2-40 Medical Isotope & Cyclotron Facility, University of Alberta-South Campus, Edmonton, AB T6H 2V8, Canada.
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Zhang F, Hao G, Shao M, Nham K, An Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Kusminski CM, Hassan G, Gupta RK, Zhai Q, Sun X, Scherer PE, Oz OK. An Adipose Tissue Atlas: An Image-Guided Identification of Human-like BAT and Beige Depots in Rodents. Cell Metab 2018; 27:252-262.e3. [PMID: 29320705 PMCID: PMC5764189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT (18F-FDG-PET/CT) imaging has been invaluable for visualizing metabolically active adipose tissues in humans with potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. To explore whether mice display human-like fat depots in anatomically comparable regions, we mapped fat depots using glucose or fatty acid imaging tracers, such as 18F-FDG through PET/CT or [123/125I]-β-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid with SPECT/CT imaging, to analogous depots in mice. Using this type of image analysis with both probes, we define a large number of additional areas of high metabolic activity corresponding to novel fat pads. Histological and gene expression analyses validate these regions as bona fide fat pads. Our findings indicate that fat depots of rodents show a high degree of topological similarity to those of humans. Studies involving both glucose and lipid tracers indicate differential preferences for these substrates in different depots and also suggest that fatty acid-based visualized approaches may reveal additional brown adipose tissue and beige depots in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8542, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kien Nham
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8542, USA
| | - Yu An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gedaa Hassan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8542, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8542, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Orhan K Oz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8542, USA.
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Thunemann M, Schörg BF, Feil S, Lin Y, Voelkl J, Golla M, Vachaviolos A, Kohlhofer U, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Olbrich M, Ehrlichmann W, Reischl G, Griessinger CM, Langer HF, Gawaz M, Lang F, Schäfers M, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Feil R. Cre/lox-assisted non-invasive in vivo tracking of specific cell populations by positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2017; 8:444. [PMID: 28874662 PMCID: PMC5585248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathophysiological processes are associated with proliferation, migration or death of distinct cell populations. Monitoring specific cell types and their progeny in a non-invasive, longitudinal and quantitative manner is still challenging. Here we show a novel cell-tracking system that combines Cre/lox-assisted cell fate mapping with a thymidine kinase (sr39tk) reporter gene for cell detection by positron emission tomography (PET). We generate Rosa26-mT/sr39tk PET reporter mice and induce sr39tk expression in platelets, T lymphocytes or cardiomyocytes. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that our mouse model permits longitudinal PET imaging and quantification of T-cell homing during inflammation and cardiomyocyte viability after myocardial infarction. Moreover, Rosa26-mT/sr39tk mice are useful for whole-body characterization of transgenic Cre mice and to detect previously unknown Cre activity. We anticipate that the Cre-switchable PET reporter mice will be broadly applicable for non-invasive long-term tracking of selected cell populations in vivo.Non-invasive cell tracking is a powerful method to visualize cells in vivo under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here Thunemann et al. generate a mouse model for in vivo tracking and quantification of specific cell types by combining a PET reporter gene with Cre-dependent activation that can be exploited for any cell population for which a Cre mouse line is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thunemann
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barbara F Schörg
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Physiologisches Institut I, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Golla
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelos Vachaviolos
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Olbrich
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Ehrlichmann
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Griessinger
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Physiologisches Institut I, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, European Institute for Molecular Imaging & EXC 1003 Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Vāvere AL, Scott PJH. Clinical Applications of Small-molecule PET Radiotracers: Current Progress and Future Outlook. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:429-453. [PMID: 28826519 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiotracers, or radiopharmaceuticals, are bioactive molecules tagged with a radionuclide used for diagnostic imaging or radiotherapy and, when a positron-emitting radionuclide is chosen, the radiotracers are used for PET imaging. The development of novel PET radiotracers in many ways parallels the development of new pharmaceuticals, and small molecules dominate research and development pipelines in both disciplines. The 4 decades since the introduction of [18F]FDG have seen the development of many small molecule PET radiotracers. Ten have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as of 2016, whereas hundreds more are being evaluated clinically. These radiotracers are being used in personalized medicine and to support drug discovery programs where they are greatly improving our understanding of and ability to treat diseases across many areas of medicine including neuroscience, cardiovascular medicine, and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Vāvere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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O’Farrell AC, Evans R, Silvola JMU, Miller IS, Conroy E, Hector S, Cary M, Murray DW, Jarzabek MA, Maratha A, Alamanou M, Udupi GM, Shiels L, Pallaud C, Saraste A, Liljenbäck H, Jauhiainen M, Oikonen V, Ducret A, Cutler P, McAuliffe FM, Rousseau JA, Lecomte R, Gascon S, Arany Z, Ky B, Force T, Knuuti J, Gallagher WM, Roivainen A, Byrne AT. A Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Approach to Monitor Cardiac Metabolic Pathway Remodeling in Response to Sunitinib Malate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169964. [PMID: 28129334 PMCID: PMC5271313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple solid tumors. However, cardiotoxicity is of increasing concern, with a need to develop rational mechanism driven approaches for the early detection of cardiac dysfunction. We sought to interrogate changes in cardiac energy substrate usage during sunitinib treatment, hypothesising that these changes could represent a strategy for the early detection of cardiotoxicity. Balb/CJ mice or Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 4 weeks with 40 or 20 mg/kg/day sunitinib. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) was implemented to investigate alterations in myocardial glucose and oxidative metabolism. Following treatment, blood pressure increased, and left ventricular ejection fraction decreased. Cardiac [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET revealed increased glucose uptake after 48 hours. [11C]Acetate-PET showed decreased myocardial perfusion following treatment. Electron microscopy revealed significant lipid accumulation in the myocardium. Proteomic analyses indicated that oxidative metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction were among the top myocardial signalling pathways perturbed. Sunitinib treatment results in an increased reliance on glycolysis, increased myocardial lipid deposition and perturbed mitochondrial function, indicative of a fundamental energy crisis resulting in compromised myocardial energy metabolism and function. Our findings suggest that a cardiac PET strategy may represent a rational approach to non-invasively monitor metabolic pathway remodeling following sunitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C. O’Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rhys Evans
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johanna M. U. Silvola
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ian S. Miller
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Conroy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Hector
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - David W. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Oncomark Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika A. Jarzabek
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Liam Shiels
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Celine Pallaud
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Axel Ducret
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Cutler
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University College, Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Ky
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Thomas Force
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - William M. Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Oncomark Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Jain A, Mathur A, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Dash A. 68Ga labeled fatty acids for cardiac metabolic imaging: Influence of different bifunctional chelators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5785-5791. [PMID: 27793567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of 68Ga labeled fatty acids is of immense interest due to the availability of 68Ga through a generator and its superiority over SPECT based tracers in carrying out dynamic imaging on a PET scanner. Our present work explores the influence of different chelators on the cardiac uptake and pharmacokinetics of the 68Ga-labeled fatty acids. Two new 68Ga labeled fatty acids were synthesized by conjugation of 11-aminoundecanoic acid with the bifunctional chelators (BFCs) viz. p-SCN-Bn-DTPA (S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) and p-SCN-Bn-NODAGA (S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid) and their comparison was carried out with the previously reported 68Ga-NOTA-undecanoic acid. Both the conjugates were radiolabeled with 68Ga in high yields and purities (>95%). Their formation was established by preparation and characterization of their inactive analogs with natGa at macroscopic levels. Biodistribution studies of the complexes in Swiss mice showed lower initial myocardial uptake for 68Ga-NODAGA-undecanoic acid (3.8±0.6%ID/g) and 68Ga-DTPA-undecanoic acid (1.3±0.5%ID/g) complexes in comparison to previously reported 68Ga-NOTA-undecanoic acid complex (7.4±2.8%ID/g) at 2min p.i. However, significant retention of the tracer in the myocardium was observed in the case of 68Ga-NODAGA-undecanoic complex, which led to improved heart/non-target ratios of the complex over time in comparison to the other 68Ga complexes. Similarly, the DTPA complex exhibited increased washout from the liver in comparison to other 68Ga derivatives. The β oxidation mechanism in myocytes was investigated by isolating the myocardial extract post intravenous injection of the respective 68Ga complexes and analyzing them by radio-HPLC, which showed metabolic transformation of the parent fatty acid complex peak in all the three complexes. This study has provided an insight into the design characteristics of 68Ga labeled fatty acids to achieve the desired myocardial imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai 400 703, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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Heiskanen MA, Leskinen T, Heinonen IHA, Löyttyniemi E, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen K, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H667-75. [PMID: 27448554 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent studies on structural and functional adaptations of the right ventricle (RV) to exercise training, adaptations of its metabolism remain unknown. We investigated the effects of short-term, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on RV glucose and fat metabolism. Twenty-eight untrained, healthy 40-55 yr-old-men were randomized into HIIT (n = 14) and MICT (n = 14) groups. Subjects performed six supervised cycle ergometer training sessions within 2 wk (HIIT session: 4-6 × 30 s all-out cycling/4-min recovery; MICT session: 40-60 min at 60% peak O2 uptake). Primary outcomes were insulin-stimulated RV glucose uptake (RVGU) and fasted state RV free fatty acid uptake (RVFFAU) measured by positron emission tomography. Secondary outcomes were changes in RV structure and function, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance. RVGU decreased after training (-22% HIIT, -12% MICT, P = 0.002 for training effect), but RVFFAU was not affected by the training (P = 0.74). RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, respectively, increased +5 and +7% for HIIT and +4 and +8% for MICT (P = 0.002 and 0.005 for training effects, respectively), but ejection fraction mildly decreased (-2% HIIT, -4% MICT, P = 0.034 for training effect). RV mass and stroke volume remained unaltered. None of the observed changes differed between the training groups (P > 0.12 for group × training interaction). Only 2 wk of physical training in previously sedentary subjects induce changes in RV glucose metabolism, volumes, and ejection fraction, which precede exercise-induced hypertrophy of RV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilkka H A Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University Of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; and
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Heiskanen MA, Leskinen T, Eskelinen JJ, Heinonen IHA, Löyttyniemi E, Virtanen K, Pärkkä JP, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Different Predictors of Right and Left Ventricular Metabolism in Healthy Middle-Aged Men. Front Physiol 2015; 6:389. [PMID: 26733882 PMCID: PMC4685066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV) plays a crucial role in the outcome of various cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies on RV metabolism are sparse although evidence implies it may differ from left ventricular (LV) metabolism. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to determine predictors of RV glucose uptake (GU) and free fatty acid uptake (FFAU) and (2) to compare them to predictors of LV metabolism in healthy middle-aged men. Altogether 28 healthy, sedentary, middle-aged (40-55 years) men were studied. Insulin-stimulated GU and fasting FFAU were measured by positron emission tomography and RV and LV structural and functional parameters by cardiac magnetic resonance. Several parameters related to whole-body health were also measured. Predictors of RV and LV metabolism were determined by pairwise correlation analysis, lasso regression models, and variable clustering using heatmap. RVGU was most strongly predicted by age and moderately by RV ejection fraction (EF). The strongest determinants of RVFFAU were exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake), resting heart rate, LVEF, and whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake rate. When considering LV metabolism, age and RVEF were associated also with LVGU. In addition, LVGU was strongly, and negatively, influenced by whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake rate. LVFFAU was predicted only by LVEF. This study shows that while RV and LV metabolism have shared characteristics, they also have unique properties. Age of the subject should be taken into account when measuring myocardial glucose utilization. Ejection fraction is related to myocardial metabolism, and even so that RVEF may be more closely related to GU of both ventricles and LVEF to FFAU of both ventricles, a finding supporting the ventricular interdependence. However, only RV fatty acid utilization associates with exercise capacity so that better physical fitness in a relatively sedentary population is related with decreased RV fat metabolism. To conclude, this study highlights the need for further study designed specifically on less-known RV, as the results on LV metabolism and physiology may not be directly applicable to the RV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilkka H A Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of TurkuTurku, Finland; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
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44
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Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ. Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine. Cardiology 2015; 133:178-80. [PMID: 26606040 DOI: 10.1159/000442044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha A Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex., USA
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45
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Kim G, Jo K, Kim KJ, Lee YH, Han E, Yoon HJ, Wang HJ, Kang ES, Yun M. Visceral adiposity is associated with altered myocardial glucose uptake measured by (18)FDG-PET in 346 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:148. [PMID: 26538247 PMCID: PMC4632263 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heart requires constant sources of energy mostly from free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose. The alteration in myocardial substrate metabolism occurs in the heart of diabetic patients, but its specific association with other metabolic variables remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate glucose uptake in hearts of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) in association with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity, and metabolic laboratory parameters. Methods A total of 346 individuals (NGT, n = 76; prediabetes, n = 208; T2DM, n = 62) in a health promotion center of a tertiary hospital were enrolled. The fasting myocardial glucose uptake, and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were evaluated using 18FDG-PET and abdominal computed tomography, respectively. Results Myocardial glucose uptake was significantly decreased in subjects with T2DM compared to the NGT or prediabetes groups (p for trend = 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that visceral fat area (β = −0.22, p = 0.018), fasting FFA (β = −0.39, p < 0.001), and uric acid levels (β = −0.21, p = 0.007) were independent determinants of myocardial glucose uptake. Multiple logistic analyses demonstrated that decreased myocardial glucose uptake (OR 2.32; 95 % CI 1.02–5.29, p = 0.045) and visceral fat area (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.01–1.03, p = 0.018) were associated with T2DM. Conclusions Our findings indicate visceral adiposity is strongly associated with the alteration of myocardial glucose uptake evaluated by 18FDG-PET, and its association further relates to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwanhyeong Jo
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eugene Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-jin Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Wang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Wende AR. Post-translational modifications of the cardiac proteome in diabetes and heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:25-38. [PMID: 26140508 PMCID: PMC4698356 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Decades of research has focused on altered gene expression, altered cellular signaling, and altered metabolism. This work has led to better understanding of disease progression and treatments aimed at reversing or stopping this deadly process. However, one of the pieces needed to complete the puzzle and bridge the gap between altered gene expression and changes in signaling/metabolism is the proteome and its host of modifications. Defining the mechanisms of regulation includes examining protein levels, localization, and activity of the functional component of cellular machinery. Excess or misutilization of nutrients in obesity and diabetes may lead to PTMs contributing to cardiovascular disease progression. PTMs link regulation of metabolic changes in the healthy and diseased heart with regulation of gene expression itself (e.g. epigenetics), protein enzymatic activity (e.g. mitochondrial oxidative capacity), and function (e.g. contractile machinery). Although a number of PTMs are involved in each of these pathways, we will highlight the role of the serine and threonine O‐linked addition of β‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine or O‐GlcNAcylation. This nexus of nutrient supply, utilization, and storage allows for the modification and translation of mitochondrial function to many other aspects of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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48
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Molecular imaging of macrophage enzyme activity in cardiac inflammation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2014; 7:9258. [PMID: 24729833 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-014-9258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is highly advantageous as various insidious inflammatory events can be imaged in a serial and quantitative fashion. Combined with the conventional imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear imaging, it helps us resolve the extent of ongoing pathology, quantify inflammation and predict outcome. Macrophages are increasingly gaining importance as an imaging biomarker in inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages, recruited to the site of injury, internalize necrotic or foreign material. Along with phagocytosis, activated macrophages release proteolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins into the extracellular environment. Pro-inflammatory monocytes and macrophages also induce tissue oxidative damage through the inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). In this review we will highlight recent advances in molecular macrophage imaging. Particular stress will be given to macrophage functional and enzymatic activity imaging which targets phagocytosis, proteolysis and myeloperoxidase activity imaging.
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49
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Adenaw N, Salerno M. PET/MRI: current state of the art and future potential for cardiovascular applications. J Nucl Cardiol 2013; 20:976-89. [PMID: 23996656 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is emerging as a novel diagnostic modality with exciting potential for a role in multiple cardiovascular applications. The combination of the high sensitivity of PET tracers with the excellent spatial resolution and tissue characterization of cardiac MRI will provide complementary information in a variety of cardiac pathologies. While initial efforts have focused on the combination of MRI and PET for assessment of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, viability, and inflammation, this new technology holds enormous potential for molecular cardiovascular imaging. This article will review the development of PET/MRI, review the current research, and discuss potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyu Adenaw
- Departments of Medicine and Cardiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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50
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Lu M, Zhang Y, Ugurbil K, Chen W, Zhu XH. In vitro and in vivo studies of 17O NMR sensitivity at 9.4 and 16.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2013; 69:1523-7. [PMID: 22777729 PMCID: PMC3470764 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vivo 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been successfully applied for imaging the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption through the detection of metabolically produced H2(17)O from the inhaled 17O-labeled oxygen in animals at high field. In this study, we compared the 17O sensitivity for detecting natural abundance H2(17)O signals from a phantom solution and rat brains at 9.4 and 16.4 T. The 17O signal-to-noise ratio measured at 16.4 T was 2.9- and 2.7-2.8-fold higher than that at 9.4 T for the phantom and rat brain studies, respectively. Similarly, three-dimensional 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging data showed a more than 2.7-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio in the central rat brain region at 16.4 T than that at 9.4 T. The substantial 17O signal-to-noise ratio gain at ultrahigh field significantly improved the reliability for imaging the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and will provide an opportunity for in vivo assessment of altered oxidative metabolism associated with brain functions and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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