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Guo Y, Cen XF, Li D, Qiu HL, Chen YJ, Zhang M, Huang SH, Xia H, Xu M. Identify Tcea3 as a novel anti-cardiomyocyte hypertrophy gene involved in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1137429. [PMID: 37404738 PMCID: PMC10315901 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1137429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pressure overload triggers pathological cardiac hypertrophy that eventually leads to heart failure. Effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart failure remain to be defined. The aim of this study is to identify key genes associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy by combining bioinformatics analyses with molecular biology experiments. Methods Comprehensive bioinformatics tools were used to screen genes related to pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by overlapping three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE5500, GSE1621, and GSE36074). Correlation analysis and BioGPS online tool were used to detect the genes of interest. A mouse model of cardiac remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was established to verify the expression of the interest gene during cardiac remodeling by RT-PCR and western blot. By using RNA interference technology, the effect of transcription elongation factor A3 (Tcea3) silencing on PE-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) was detected. Next, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the online tool ARCHS4 were used to predict the possible signaling pathways, and the fatty acid oxidation relevant pathways were enriched and then verified in NRVMs. Furthermore, the changes of long-chain fatty acid respiration in NRVMs were detected using the Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. Finally, MitoSOX staining was used to detect the effect of Tcea3 on mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the contents of NADP(H) and GSH/GSSG were detected by relevant kits. Results A total of 95 DEGs were identified and Tcea3 was negatively correlated with Nppa, Nppb and Myh7. The expression level of Tcea3 was downregulated during cardiac remodeling both in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of Tcea3 aggravated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by PE in NRVMs. GSEA and online tool ARCHS4 predict Tcea3 involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Subsequently, RT-PCR results showed that knockdown of Tcea3 up-regulated Ces1d and Pla2g5 mRNA expression levels. In PE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, Tcea3 silencing results in decreased fatty acid utilization, decreased ATP synthesis and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. Conclusion Our study identifies Tcea3 as a novel anti-cardiac remodeling target by regulating FAO and governing mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-feng Cen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-liang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Fang Z, Li X, Liu J, Lee H, Salciccioli L, Lazar J, Zhang M. The role of complement C3 in the outcome of regional myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101434. [PMID: 36748063 PMCID: PMC9898614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease leading to myocardial ischemia is a major cause of heart failure. A hallmark of heart failure is myocardial fibrosis. Using a murine model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we showed that, following IRI, in mice genetically deficient in the central factor of complement system, C3, myocardial necrosis was reduced compared with WT mice. Four weeks after the ischemic period, the C3-/- mice had significantly less cardiac fibrosis and better cardiac function than the WT controls. Overall, our results suggest that innate immune response through complement C3 plays an important role in necrotic cell death, which contributes to the cardiac fibrosis that underlies post-infarction heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, USA
| | | | | | - Louis Salciccioli
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jason Lazar
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, USA,Department of Cell Biology, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Anesthesiology, MSC6 SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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P-TEFb as A Promising Therapeutic Target. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040838. [PMID: 32075058 PMCID: PMC7070488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) was first identified as a general factor that stimulates transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), but soon afterwards it turned out to be an essential cellular co-factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription mediated by viral Tat proteins. Studies on the mechanisms of Tat-dependent HIV transcription have led to radical advances in our knowledge regarding the mechanism of eukaryotic transcription, including the discoveries that P-TEFb-mediated elongation control of cellular transcription is a main regulatory step of gene expression in eukaryotes, and deregulation of P-TEFb activity plays critical roles in many human diseases and conditions in addition to HIV/AIDS. P-TEFb is now recognized as an attractive and promising therapeutic target for inflammation/autoimmune diseases, cardiac hypertrophy, cancer, infectious diseases, etc. In this review article, I will summarize our knowledge about basic P-TEFb functions, the regulatory mechanism of P-TEFb-dependent transcription, P-TEFb’s involvement in biological processes and diseases, and current approaches to manipulating P-TEFb functions for the treatment of these diseases.
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4
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Wang Y, Qiu T. Positive transcription elongation factor b and its regulators in development. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2019.1663277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Espinoza-Derout J, Shao XM, Bankole E, Hasan KM, Mtume N, Liu Y, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. Hepatic DNA Damage Induced by Electronic Cigarette Exposure Is Associated With the Modulation of NAD+/PARP1/SIRT1 Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:320. [PMID: 31214115 PMCID: PMC6558099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarettes) use has rapidly increased worldwide. Use of tobacco products has been associated with DNA damage and metabolic syndrome. Using Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice on a western diet (WD), a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we recently demonstrated that nicotine in e-cigarettes activates hepatocyte apoptosis, and causes hepatic steatosis. This study examines the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on the liver with a special emphasis on DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. ApoE-/- mice were exposed to saline, e-cigarettes without nicotine or e-cigarettes with 2.4% nicotine for 12 weeks using our newly developed mouse e-cigarette exposure model system that delivers nicotine to mice leading to equivalent serum cotinine levels found in human cigarette users. Mice exposed to e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine) had increased apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, a manifestation of DNA damage. Additionally, e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine) produced a decrease in NAD+/NADH ratio and increased oxidative stress in hepatic cells, in comparison with saline and e-cigarette (0%). Western blot analysis showed that mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine) had increased poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP1) activity associated with reduced levels of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA mutations and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) were increased in mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hepatocytes of mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4% nicotine) exhibited increased vacuolization of the mitochondria and a reduction in cellular organelles. These results demonstrate the adverse effects of e-cigarettes exposure leading to NAD+ deficiency which may suggest a mechanistic link between e-cigarette-induced hepatic DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jorge Espinoza-Derout
| | - Xuesi M. Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emmanuel Bankole
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kamrul M. Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Norma Mtume
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Mascareno E, Gupta R, Martello LA, Dhar-Mascareno M, Salciccioli L, Beckles D, Walsh MG, Machado FS, Tanowitz HB, Haseeb M. Rapidly progressive course of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice heterozygous for hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (Hexim1) gene. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lama R, Gan C, Idippily N, Bobba V, Danielpour D, Montano M, Su B. HMBA is a putative HSP70 activator stimulating HEXIM1 expression that is down-regulated by estrogen. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 168:91-101. [PMID: 28213333 PMCID: PMC5699885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is identified as a novel inhibitor of estrogen stimulated breast cell growth, and it suppresses estrogen receptor-α transcriptional activity. HEXIM1 protein level has been found to be downregulated by estrogens. Recently, HEXIM1 has been found to inhibit androgen receptor transcriptional activity as well. Researchers have used Hexamethylene bis-acetamide (HMBA) for decades to stimulate HEXIM1 expression, which also inhibit estrogen stimulated breast cancer cell gene activation and androgen stimulated prostate cancer gene activation. However, the direct molecular targets of HMBA that modulate the induction of HEXIM1 expression in mammalian cells have not been identified. Based on HMBA and its more potent analog 4a1, we designed molecular probes to pull down the binding proteins of these compounds. Via proteomic approach and biological assays, we demonstrate that HMBA and 4a1 are actually heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) binders. The known HSP70 activator showed similar activity as HMBA and 4a1 to induce HEXIM1 expression, suggesting that HMBA and 4a1 might be putative HSP70 activators. Molecular target identification of HMBA and 4a1 could lead to further structural optimization of the parental compound to generate more potent derivatives to stimulate HEXIM1 expression, which could be a novel approach for hormone dependent breast cancer and prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Lama
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Chunfang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Nethrie Idippily
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Viharika Bobba
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - David Danielpour
- Division of General Medical Science-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Monica Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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8
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Dhar-Mascareno M, Ramirez SN, Rozenberg I, Rouille Y, Kral JG, Mascareno EJ. Hexim1, a Novel Regulator of Leptin Function, Modulates Obesity and Glucose Disposal. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:314-24. [PMID: 26859361 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin triggers signaling events with significant transcriptional responses that are essential to metabolic processes affecting obesity and glucose disposal. We asked whether hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible-1 (Hexim1), an inhibitor of RNA II polymerase-dependent transcription elongation, regulates leptin-Janus kinase 2 signaling axis in the hypothalamus. We subjected C57BL6 Hexim1 heterozygous (HT) mice to high-fat diet and when compared with wild type, HT mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain and remain insulin sensitive. HT mice exhibited increased leptin-pY(705)Stat3 signaling in the hypothalamus, with normal adipocyte size, increased type I oxidative muscle fiber density, and enhanced glucose transporter 4 expression. We also observed that normal Hexim1 protein level is required to facilitate the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) required for adipogenesis and inducible suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS) expression. Further support on the role of Hexim1 regulating C/EBPs during adipocyte differentiation was shown when HT 3T3L1 fibroblasts failed to undergo adipogenesis. Hexim1 selectively modulates leptin-mediated signal transduction pathways in the hypothalamus, the expression of C/EBPs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR γ) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during the adaptation to metabolic stress. We postulate that Hexim1 might be a novel factor involved in maintaining whole-body energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Dhar-Mascareno
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Susan N Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Inna Rozenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouille
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - John G Kral
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
| | - Eduardo J Mascareno
- Department of Biological Sciences (M.D.-M., S.N.R.), State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Departments of Cell Biology (I.R., E.J.M.) and Surgery, Medicine, and Cell Biology (J.G.K.), State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203; and Institute Pasteur Inserm (Y.R.), Cenre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, UMR8204, U1019, F-59021 Lille, France
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9
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Yoshikawa N, Shimizu N, Ojima H, Kobayashi H, Hosono O, Tanaka H. Down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor by HEXIM1 attenuates myocardial angiogenesis in hypoxic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:600-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Wagner MA, Siddiqui MAQ. The JAK-STAT pathway in hypertrophic stress signaling and genomic stress response. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:131-41. [PMID: 24058762 PMCID: PMC3670293 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.20702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a central role in transducing stress and growth signals in the hypertrophic heart. Unlike most signal transducers, JAKs and STATs signal in a number of different ways, both within the JAK-STAT pathway and in collaboration with other signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how IL-6 activates cells lacking IL-6 receptors through trans-signaling and examine JAK-STAT pathway interaction with GPCR-linked pathways both within and between cells. Finally, we discuss recent studies showing how the JAK-STAT pathway can intersect with a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism to effect transcription of STAT-dependent stress response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Wagner
- Department of Cell Biology; Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research; State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn, NY USA
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11
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Abstract
Studies of transcriptional mechanisms in heart failure have focused heavily on roles of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors such as NFAT, MEF2 and GATA4. Recent findings have illuminated crucial functions for epigenetic regulators in the control of cardiac structural remodeling and mechanical dysfunction in response to pathological stress. Here, we review the current understanding of chromatin-dependent signal transduction in cardiac gene control, and highlight the potential for pharmacologic regulation of BET acetyl-lysine binding proteins as a means of treating heart failure.
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Pan H, Qin K, Guo Z, Ma Y, April C, Gao X, Andrews TG, Bokov A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Weintraub ST, Fan JB, Wang D, Hu Y, Aune GJ, Lindsey ML, Li R. Negative elongation factor controls energy homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2014; 7:79-85. [PMID: 24656816 PMCID: PMC4277258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative elongation factor (NELF) is known to enforce promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), a pervasive phenomenon observed across multicellular genomes. However, the physiological impact of NELF on tissue homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we show that whole-body conditional deletion of the B subunit of NELF (NELF-B) in adult mice results in cardiomyopathy and impaired response to cardiac stress. Tissue-specific knockout of NELF-B confirms its cell-autonomous function in cardiomyocytes. NELF directly supports transcription of those genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. NELF also shares extensively transcriptional target genes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a master regulator of energy metabolism in the myocardium. Mechanistically, NELF helps stabilize the transcription initiation complex at the metabolism-related genes. Our findings strongly indicate that NELF is part of the PPARα-mediated transcription regulatory network that maintains metabolic homeostasis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Pan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kunhua Qin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Thomas G Andrews
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Degeng Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gregory J Aune
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Zhong B, Lama R, Ketchart W, Montano MM, Su B. Lead optimization of HMBA to develop potent HEXIM1 inducers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1410-3. [PMID: 24503105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The potency of a series of Hexamethylene bis-acetamide (HMBA) derivatives inducing Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) was determined in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Several compounds with unsymmetrical structures showed significantly improved activity. Distinct from HMBA, these analogs have increased hydrophobicity and can improve the short half-life of HMBA, which is one of the factors that have limited the application of HMBA in clinics. The unsymmetrical scaffolds of the new analogs provide the basis for further lead optimization of the compounds using combinatorial chemistry strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Rati Lama
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Monica M Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences & Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
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Spiltoir JI, Stratton MS, Cavasin MA, Demos-Davies K, Reid BG, Qi J, Bradner JE, McKinsey TA. BET acetyl-lysine binding proteins control pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:175-9. [PMID: 23939492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure, and thus represents an attractive target for novel therapeutic intervention. JQ1, a small molecule inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) acetyl-lysine reader proteins, was identified in a high throughput screen designed to discover novel small molecule regulators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. JQ1 dose-dependently blocked agonist-dependent hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and reversed the prototypical gene program associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy. JQ1 also blocked left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and improved cardiac function in adult mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The BET family consists of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT. BRD4 protein expression was increased during cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertrophic stimuli promoted recruitment of BRD4 to the transcriptional start site (TSS) of the gene encoding atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Binding of BRD4 to the ANF TSS was associated with increased phosphorylation of local RNA polymerase II. These findings define a novel function for BET proteins as signal-responsive regulators of cardiac hypertrophy, and suggest that small molecule inhibitors of these epigenetic reader proteins have potential as therapeutics for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Spiltoir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Anand P, Brown JD, Lin CY, Qi J, Zhang R, Artero PC, Alaiti MA, Bullard J, Alazem K, Margulies KB, Cappola TP, Lemieux M, Plutzky J, Bradner JE, Haldar SM. BET bromodomains mediate transcriptional pause release in heart failure. Cell 2013; 154:569-82. [PMID: 23911322 PMCID: PMC4090947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is driven by the interplay between regulatory transcription factors and dynamic alterations in chromatin structure. Pathologic gene transactivation in HF is associated with recruitment of histone acetyl-transferases and local chromatin hyperacetylation. We therefore assessed the role of acetyl-lysine reader proteins, or bromodomains, in HF. Using a chemical genetic approach, we establish a central role for BET family bromodomain proteins in gene control during HF pathogenesis. BET inhibition potently suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and pathologic cardiac remodeling in vivo. Integrative transcriptional and epigenomic analyses reveal that BET proteins function mechanistically as pause-release factors critical to expression of genes that are central to HF pathogenesis and relevant to the pathobiology of failing human hearts. This study implicates epigenetic readers as essential effectors of transcriptional pause release during HF pathogenesis and identifies BET coactivator proteins as therapeutic targets in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Anand
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Brown
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles Y. Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Pedro Calderon Artero
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - M. Amer Alaiti
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Jace Bullard
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Kareem Alazem
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas P. Cappola
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jorge Plutzky
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James E. Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
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16
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Montano MM, Desjardins CL, Doughman YQ, Hsieh YH, Hu Y, Bensinger HM, Wang C, Stelzer JE, Dick TE, Hoit BD, Chandler MP, Yu X, Watanabe M. Inducible re-expression of HEXIM1 causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy in the adult mouse. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:74-82. [PMID: 23585471 PMCID: PMC3687752 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The transcription factor hexamethylene-bis-acetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) regulates myocardial vascularization and growth during cardiogenesis. Our aim was to determine whether HEXIM1 also has a beneficial role in modulating vascularization, myocardial growth, and function within the adult heart. METHODS AND RESULTS To achieve our objective, we created and investigated a mouse line wherein HEXIM1 was re-expressed in adult cardiomyocytes to levels found in the foetal heart. Our findings support a beneficial role for HEXIM1 through increased vascularization, myocardial growth, and increased ejection fraction within the adult heart. HEXIM1 re-expression induces angiogenesis, that is, essential for physiological hypertrophy and maintenance of cardiac function. The ability of HEXIM1 to co-ordinate processes associated with physiological hypertrophy may be attributed to HEXIM1 regulation of other transcription factors (HIF-1-α, c-Myc, GATA4, and PPAR-α) that, in turn, control many genes involved in myocardial vascularization, growth, and metabolism. Moreover, the mechanism for HEXIM1-induced physiological hypertrophy appears to be distinct from that involving the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION HEXIM1 re-expression results in the induction of angiogenesis that allows for the co-ordination of tissue growth and angiogenesis during physiological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, H.G. Wood Bldg. W307, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Candida L. Desjardins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yong Qui Doughman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yanduan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, H.G. Wood Bldg. W307, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Heather M. Bensinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, H.G. Wood Bldg. W307, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Connie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas E. Dick
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian D. Hoit
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margaret P. Chandler
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Yoshikawa N, Shimizu N, Maruyama T, Sano M, Matsuhashi T, Fukuda K, Kataoka M, Satoh T, Ojima H, Sawai T, Morimoto C, Kuribara A, Hosono O, Tanaka H. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of HEXIM1 prevents right ventricular hypertrophy in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52522. [PMID: 23300697 PMCID: PMC3534105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and right ventricular (RV) contractile dysfunction are major determinants of prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH remains a severe disease. Recently, direct interruption of left ventricular hypertrophy has been suggested to decrease the risk of left-sided heart failure. Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is a negative regulator of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which activates RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent transcription and whose activation is strongly associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. We hypothesized that during the progression of PAH, increased P-TEFb activity might also play a role in RVH, and that HEXIM1 might have a preventive role against such process. We revealed that, in the mouse heart, HEXIM1 is highly expressed in the early postnatal period and its expression is gradually decreased, and that prostaglandin I(2), a therapeutic drug for PAH, increases HEXIM1 levels in cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that HEXIM1 might possess negative effect on cardiomyocyte growth and take part in cardiomyocyte regulation in RV. Using adenovirus-mediated gene delivery to cultured rat cardiomyocytes, we revealed that overexpression of HEXIM1 prevents endothelin-1-induced phosphorylation of RNAPII, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and mRNA expression of hypertrophic genes, whereas a HEXIM1 mutant lacking central basic region, which diminishes P-TEFb-suppressing activity, could not. Moreover, we created cardiomyocyte-specific HEXIM1 transgenic mice and revealed that HEXIM1 ameliorates RVH and prevents RV dilatation in hypoxia-induced PAH model. Taken together, these findings indicate that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of HEXIM1 inhibits progression to RVH under chronic hypoxia, most possibly via inhibition of P-TEFb-mediated enlargement of cardiomyocytes. We conclude that P-TEFb/HEXIM1-dependent transcriptional regulation may play a pathophysiological role in RVH and be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating RVH in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritada Yoshikawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shimizu
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Maruyama
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Satoh
- Department of Cardiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawai
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan, Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuribara
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hosono
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Cosgrove MS, Ding Y, Rennie WA, Lane MJ, Hanes SD. The Bin3 RNA methyltransferase targets 7SK RNA to control transcription and translation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2012; 3:633-47. [PMID: 22740346 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bicoid-interacting protein 3 (Bin3) is a conserved RNA methyltransferase found in eukaryotes ranging from fission yeast to humans. It was originally discovered as a Bicoid (Bcd)-interacting protein in Drosophila, where it is required for anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axis determination in the early embryo. The mammalian ortholog of Bin3 (BCDIN3), also known as methyl phosphate capping enzyme (MePCE), plays a key role in repressing transcription. In transcription, MePCE binds the non-coding 7SK RNA, which forms a scaffold for an RNA-protein complex that inhibits positive-acting transcription elongation factor b, an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. MePCE uses S-adenosyl methionine to transfer a methyl group onto the γ-phosphate of the 5' guanosine of 7SK RNA generating an unusual cap structure that protects 7SK RNA from degradation. Bin3/MePCE also has a role in translation regulation. Initial studies in Drosophila indicate that Bin3 targets 7SK RNA and stabilizes a distinct RNA-protein complex that assembles on the 3'-untranslated region of caudal mRNAs to prevent translation initiation. Much remains to be learned about Bin3/MeCPE function, including how it recognizes 7SK RNA, what other RNA substrates it might target, and how widespread a role it plays in gene regulation and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Cosgrove
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Mascareno EJ, Belashov I, Siddiqui MAQ, Liu F, Dhar-Mascareno M. Hexim-1 modulates androgen receptor and the TGF-β signaling during the progression of prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:1035-44. [PMID: 22095517 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen and TGF-β signaling are important components during the progression of prostate cancer. However, whether common molecular events participate in the activation of these signaling pathways are less understood. METHOD Hexim 1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry of human tissue microarrays and TRAMP mouse models. The in vivo significance of Hexim-1 was established by crossing the TRAMP mouse model of prostate cancer with Hexim-1 heterozygous mice. TRAMP C2 cell line was also modified to delete one copy of Hexim-1 gene to generate TRAMP-C2-Hexim-1+/- cell lines. RESULTS In this report, we observed that Hexim-1 protein expression is absent in normal prostate but highly expressed in adenocarcinoma of the prostate and a characteristic sub-cellular distribution among normal, benign hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Heterozygosity of the Hexim-1 gene in the prostate cancer mice model and the TRAMP-C2 cell line, leads to increased Cdk9-dependent serine phosphorylation on protein targets such as the androgen receptor (AR) and the TGF-β-dependent downstream transcription factors, such as the SMAD proteins. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that changes in the Hexim-1 protein expression and cellular distribution significantly influences the AR activation and the TGF-β signaling. Thus, Hexim-1 is likely to play a significant role in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Mascareno
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical School, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
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Mascareno E, Galatioto J, Rozenberg I, Salciccioli L, Kamran H, Lazar JM, Liu F, Pedrazzini T, Siddiqui MAQ. Cardiac lineage protein-1 (CLP-1) regulates cardiac remodeling via transcriptional modulation of diverse hypertrophic and fibrotic responses and angiotensin II-transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) signaling axis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13084-93. [PMID: 22308025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.288944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the renin-angiotensin system contributes to left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, a major determinant of myocardial stiffness. TGF-β1 and renin-angiotensin system signaling alters the fibroblast phenotype by promoting its differentiation into morphologically distinct pathological myofibroblasts, which potentiates collagen synthesis and fibrosis and causes enhanced extracellular matrix deposition. However, the atrial natriuretic peptide, which is induced during left ventricular hypertrophy, plays an anti-fibrogenic and anti-hypertrophic role by blocking, among others, the TGF-β-induced nuclear localization of Smads. It is not clear how the hypertrophic and fibrotic responses are transcriptionally regulated. CLP-1, the mouse homolog of human hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible-1 (HEXIM-1), regulates the pTEFb activity via direct association with pTEFb causing inhibition of the Cdk9-mediated serine 2 phosphorylation in the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. It was recently reported that the serine kinase activity of Cdk9 not only targets RNA polymerase II but also the conserved serine residues of the polylinker region in Smad3, suggesting that CLP-1-mediated changes in pTEFb activity may trigger Cdk9-dependent Smad3 signaling that can modulate collagen expression and fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the role of CLP-1 in vivo in induction of left ventricular hypertrophy in angiotensinogen-overexpressing transgenic mice harboring CLP-1 heterozygosity. We observed that introduction of CLP-1 haplodeficiency in the transgenic α-myosin heavy chain-angiotensinogen mice causes prominent changes in hypertrophic and fibrotic responses accompanied by augmentation of Smad3/Stat3 signaling. Together, our findings underscore the critical role of CLP-1 in remodeling of the genetic response during hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mascareno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
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Ghanbarian H, Grandjean V, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. A Network of Regulations by Small Non-Coding RNAs: The P-TEFb Kinase in Development and Pathology. Front Genet 2011; 2:95. [PMID: 22303389 PMCID: PMC3268644 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Part of the heterodimeric P-TEF-b element of the Pol II transcription machinery, the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 plays a critical role in gene expression. Phosphorylation of several residues in the polymerase is required for elongation of transcript. It determines the rates of transcription and thus, plays a critical role in several differentiation pathways, best documented in heart development. The synthesis and activity of the protein are tightly regulated in a coordinated manner by at least three non-coding RNAs. First, its kinase activity is reversibly inhibited by formation of a complex with the 334 nt 7SK RNA, from which it is released under conditions of stress. Then, heart development requires a maximal rate of synthesis during cardiomyocyte differentiation, followed by a decrease in the differentiated state. The latter is insured by microRNA-mediated translational inhibition. In a third mode of RNA control, increased levels of transcription are induced by small non-coding RNA molecules with sequences homologous to the transcript. Designated paramutation, this epigenetic variation, stable during development, and hereditarily transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner over several generations, is thought to be a response to the inactivation of one of the two alleles by an abnormal recombination event such as insertion of a transposon.
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Hoque M, Shamanna RA, Guan D, Pe'ery T, Mathews MB. HIV-1 replication and latency are regulated by translational control of cyclin T1. J Mol Biol 2011; 410:917-32. [PMID: 21763496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exploits cellular proteins during its replicative cycle and latent infection. The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is a key cellular transcription factor critical for these viral processes and is a drug target. During viral replication, P-TEFb is recruited via interactions of its cyclin T1 subunit with the HIV Tat (transactivator of transcription) protein and TAR (transactivation response) element. Through RNA silencing and over-expression experiments, we discovered that nuclear factor 90 (NF90), a cellular RNA binding protein, regulates P-TEFb expression. NF90 depletion reduced cyclin T1 protein levels by inhibiting translation initiation. Regulation was mediated by the 3' untranslated region of cyclin T1 mRNA independently of microRNAs. Cyclin T1 induction is involved in the escape of HIV-1 from latency. We show that the activation of viral replication by phorbol ester in latently infected monocytic cells requires the posttranscriptional induction of NF90 and cyclin T1, implicating NF90 in protein kinase C signaling pathways. This investigation reveals a novel mechanism of cyclin T1 regulation and establishes NF90 as a regulator of HIV-1 replication during both productive infection and induction from latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA
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Galatioto J, Mascareno E, Siddiqui MAQ. CLP-1 associates with MyoD and HDAC to restore skeletal muscle cell regeneration. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3789-95. [PMID: 20940258 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that eukaryotic gene transcription is regulated primarily at the elongation stage by association and dissociation of the inhibitory protein cardiac lineage protein 1 (CLP-1/HEXIM1) from the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex. It was reported recently that P-TEFb interacts with skeletal muscle-specific regulatory factor, MyoD, suggesting a linkage between CLP-1-mediated control of transcription and skeletal myogenesis. To examine this, we produced CLP-1 knockdown skeletal muscle C2C12 cells by homologous recombination, and demonstrated that the C2C12 CLP-1 +/- cells failed to differentiate when challenged by low serum in the medium. We also showed that CLP-1 interacts with both MyoD and histone deacetylases (HDACs) maximally at the early stage of differentiation of C2C12 cells. This led us to hypothesize that the association might be crucial to inhibition of MyoD-target proliferative genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the CLP-1/MyoD/HDAC complex binds to the promoter of the cyclin D1 gene, which is downregulated in differentiated muscle cells. These findings suggest a novel transcriptional paradigm whereby CLP-1, in conjunction with MyoD and HDAC, acts to inhibit growth-related gene expression, a requirement for myoblasts to exit the cell cycle and transit to myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Galatioto
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
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Gurusamy N, Lekli I, Ahsan MK, Ray D, Mukherjee S, Mascareno E, Siddiqui MAQ, Das DK. Downregulation of cardiac lineage protein-1 confers cardioprotection through the upregulation of redox effectors. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:187-93. [PMID: 19931534 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CLP-1, the mouse homologue of human Hexim1 protein, exerts inhibitory control on transcriptional elongation factor-b of RNA transcript elongation. Previously, we have demonstrated that downregulation of cardiac lineage protein-1 (CLP-1) in CLP-1(+/-) heterozygous mice affords cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our current study results show that the improvement in cardiac function in CLP-1(+/-) mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury is achieved through the potentiation of redox signaling and their molecular targets including redox effector factor-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, and NADPH oxidase 4 and the active usage of thioredoxin-1, thioredoxin-2, glutaredoxin-1 and glutaredoxin-2. Our results suggest that drugs designed to down regulate CLP-1 could confer cardioprotection through the potentiation of redox cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimman Gurusamy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA
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