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Telwatte S, Montano M, Resop R, Battivelli E, Morón-López S, Verdin E, Greene W, Bosque A, Wong J, Yukl S. Single cell analysis reveals molecular signatures of HIV latency in primary cell models. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Moron-Lopez S, Sarabia I, Battivelli E, Montano M, Telwatte S, Bosque A, Verdin E, Greene W, Wong J, Yukl S. In-depth transcription profile comparison of multiple primary cell HIV latency models. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Campbell KR, Chaudhary R, Montano M, Iozzo RV, Bushman WA, Campagnola PJ. Second-harmonic generation microscopy analysis reveals proteoglycan decorin is necessary for proper collagen organization in prostate. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 31148435 PMCID: PMC6541798 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen remodeling occurs in many prostate pathologies; however, the underlying structural architecture in both normal and diseased prostatic tissues is largely unexplored. Here, we use second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to specifically probe the role of the proteoglycan decorin (Dcn) on collagen assembly in a wild type (wt) and Dcn null mouse (Dcn - / - ). Dcn is required for proper organization of collagen fibrils as it regulates size by forming an arch-like structure at the end of the fibril. We have utilized SHG metrics based on emission directionality (forward-backward ratio) and relative conversion efficiency, which are both related to the SHG coherence length, and found more disordered fibril organization in the Dcn - / - . We have also used image analysis readouts based on entropy, multifractal dimension, and wavelet transforms to compare the collagen fibril/fiber architecture in the two models, where all these showed that the Dcn - / - prostate comprised smaller and more disorganized collagen structures. All these SHG metrics are consistent with decreased SHG phase matching in the Dcn - / - and are further consistent with ultrastructural analysis of collagen in this model in other tissues, which show a more random distribution of fibril sizes and their packing into fibers. As Dcn is a known tumor suppressor, this work forms the basis for future studies of collagen remodeling in both malignant and benign prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wade A. Bushman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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Strolin S, Ungania S, Bruzzaniti V, Rao M, Montano M, Digiesi G, Sanguineti G, Strigari L. 202. Quantitative evaluation and optimization of daily on-line shift in prostate cancer treatment using control charts. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Montano M, Tran T, Guardigni V, Hale T, Vegreville M, Roitmann E, Storer T. BIOMARKERS FOR ASYNCHRONOUS AGING IN CHRONIC HIV INFECTION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - T Hale
- Partners HealthCare Connected Health
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Hale TM, Guardigni V, Vegreville M, Brawley B, Woodbury E, Storer T, Sax PE, Montano M. USING WEARABLE ACTIVITY TRACKERS TO DETECT DIFFERENCES IN FREE-LIVING, VOLITIONAL ACTIVITY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T M Hale
- Partners HealthCare Connected Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - V Guardigni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - B Brawley
- Brigham, MPA, and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Woodbury
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Storer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - P E Sax
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - M Montano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Montano M, Dinnon KH, Jacobs L, Xiang W, Iozzo RV, Bushman W. Dual regulation of decorin by androgen and Hedgehog signaling during prostate morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:679-685. [PMID: 29368411 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate ductal branching morphogenesis involves a complex spatiotemporal regulation of cellular proliferation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) around the developing ducts. Decorin (Dcn) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan known to sequester several growth factors and to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. RESULTS Dcn expression in the developing prostate paralleled branching morphogenesis and was dynamically regulated by androgen and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. DCN colocalized with collagen in the periductal stroma and acellular interstitium. Exogenous DCN decreased epithelial proliferation in ex vivo organ cultures of developing prostate, whereas genetic ablation of Dcn resulted in increased epithelial proliferation in the developing prostate. CONCLUSIONS Dcn expression and localization in the developing prostate is consistent with a primary role in organizing collagen around the developing ducts. Regulation of Dcn expression appears to be complex, involving both androgen and Hh signaling. The growth inhibitory effect of Dcn suggests a unique linkage between a structural proteoglycan and epithelial growth regulation. This may serve to coordinate two elements of the morphogenetic process: ductal growth and organization of the collagen matrix around the nascent duct. Developmental Dynamics 247:679-685, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- University of North Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Logan Jacobs
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Xiang
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wade Bushman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Montano M, Bushman W. Morphoregulatory pathways in prostate ductal development. Dev Dyn 2018; 246:89-99. [PMID: 27884054 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse prostate is a male sex-accessory gland comprised of a branched ductal network arranged into three separate bilateral lobes: the anterior, dorsolateral, and ventral lobes. Prostate ductal development is the primary morphogenetic event in prostate development and requires a complex regulation of spatiotemporal factors. This review provides an overview of prostate development and the major genetic regulators and signaling pathways involved. To identify new areas for further study, we briefly highlight the likely important, but relatively understudied, role of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we point out the potential importance of the ECM in influencing the behavior and prognosis of prostate cancer. Developmental Dynamics 246:89-99, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wade Bushman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Lama R, Gan C, Idippily N, Bobba V, Danielpour D, Montano M, Su B. HMBA is a putative HSP70 activator stimulating HEXIM1 expression that is down-regulated by estrogen. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 168:91-101. [PMID: 28213333 PMCID: PMC5699885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is identified as a novel inhibitor of estrogen stimulated breast cell growth, and it suppresses estrogen receptor-α transcriptional activity. HEXIM1 protein level has been found to be downregulated by estrogens. Recently, HEXIM1 has been found to inhibit androgen receptor transcriptional activity as well. Researchers have used Hexamethylene bis-acetamide (HMBA) for decades to stimulate HEXIM1 expression, which also inhibit estrogen stimulated breast cancer cell gene activation and androgen stimulated prostate cancer gene activation. However, the direct molecular targets of HMBA that modulate the induction of HEXIM1 expression in mammalian cells have not been identified. Based on HMBA and its more potent analog 4a1, we designed molecular probes to pull down the binding proteins of these compounds. Via proteomic approach and biological assays, we demonstrate that HMBA and 4a1 are actually heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) binders. The known HSP70 activator showed similar activity as HMBA and 4a1 to induce HEXIM1 expression, suggesting that HMBA and 4a1 might be putative HSP70 activators. Molecular target identification of HMBA and 4a1 could lead to further structural optimization of the parental compound to generate more potent derivatives to stimulate HEXIM1 expression, which could be a novel approach for hormone dependent breast cancer and prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Lama
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Chunfang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Nethrie Idippily
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Viharika Bobba
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - David Danielpour
- Division of General Medical Science-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Monica Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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Cano AB, Montano M, Salinas-Chavira J, Zinn RA. Evaluation of supplemental vitamin E on 56-day feedlot growth performance and plasma tocopherol concentrations in calf-fed Holstein steers. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1129340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Cano
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - M. Montano
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - J. Salinas-Chavira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - R. A. Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, USA
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Gramatica A, Greene W, Montano M. Lymphoid tissue and blood CD4 T cells respond differently to latency-reversing agents: are we testing the right cells? J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Marino D, Filippi R, Cereda S, Belli C, Spadi R, Nasti G, Montano M, Amatu A, Lutrino S, Cagnazzo C, Ferrari L, Siena S, Ciuffreda L, Reni M, Aglietta M, Leone F. Multicenter randomized study of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin (GEMOX) +/- Panitumumab as First Line Treatment in K-Ras Wild type Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer; the VECTI-BIL study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv344.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Montano M, Schneberk T, Raam R, Eads A, Plantmason L, Wagner J, Tabatabai R. 171 At the Bedside: Developing a Resource for New Resident Teachers and Exploring its Impact. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marino D, Filippi R, Cereda S, Belli C, Spadi R, Nasti G, Montano M, Amatu A, Lutrino S, Cagnazzo C, Ferrari L, Siena S, Ciuffreda L, Reni M, Aglietta M, Leone F. PD-006 Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin (GEMOX) with or without Panitumumab as First-Line Treatment in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer; final results and subgroup analysis of the Vecti-BIL Study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv234.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Feiz L, Williams-Carrier R, Belcher S, Montano M, Barkan A, Stern DB. A protein with an inactive pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase domain is required for Rubisco biogenesis in plants. Plant J 2014; 80:862-9. [PMID: 25279696 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) plays a critical role in sustaining life by catalysis of carbon fixation in the Calvin-Benson pathway. Incomplete knowledge of the assembly pathway of chloroplast Rubisco has hampered efforts to fully delineate the enzyme's properties, or seek improved catalytic characteristics via directed evolution. Here we report that a Mu transposon insertion in the Zea mays (maize) gene encoding a chloroplast dimerization co-factor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (DCoH)/pterin-4α-carbinolamine dehydratases (PCD)-like protein is the causative mutation in a seedling-lethal, Rubisco-deficient mutant named Rubisco accumulation factor 2 (raf2-1). In raf2 mutants newly synthesized Rubisco large subunit accumulates in a high-molecular weight complex, the formation of which requires a specific chaperonin 60-kDa isoform. Analogous observations had been made previously with maize mutants lacking the Rubisco biogenesis proteins RAF1 and BSD2. Chemical cross-linking of maize leaves followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies to RAF2, RAF1 or BSD2 demonstrated co-immunoprecipitation of each with Rubisco small subunit, and to a lesser extent, co-immunoprecipitation with Rubisco large subunit. We propose that RAF2, RAF1 and BSD2 form transient complexes with the Rubisco small subunit, which in turn assembles with the large subunit as it is released from chaperonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Feiz
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Pasupuleti V, Du W, Gupta Y, Yeh IJ, Montano M, Magi-Galuzzi C, Welford SM. Dysregulated D-dopachrome tautomerase, a hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent gene, cooperates with macrophage migration inhibitory factor in renal tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3713-23. [PMID: 24356968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.500694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are characterized by biallelic loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and subsequent constitutive activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors, whose transcriptional programs dictate major phenotypic attributes of kidney tumors. We recently described a role for the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in ccRCC as an autocrine-signaling molecule with elevated expression in tumor tissues and in the circulation of patients that has potent tumor cell survival effects. MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in a variety of diseases and cancers and is the target of both small molecule and antibody-based therapies currently in clinical trials. Recent work by others has described D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) as a functional homologue of MIF with a similar genomic structure and expression patterns. Thus, we sought to determine a role for DDT in renal cancer. We find that DDT expression mirrors MIF expression in ccRCC tumor sections with high correlation and that, mechanistically, DDT is a novel hypoxia-inducible gene and direct target of HIF1α and HIF2α. Functionally, DDT and MIF demonstrate a significant overlap in controlling cell survival, tumor formation, and tumor and endothelial cell migration. However, DDT inhibition consistently displayed more severe effects on most phenotypes. Accordingly, although dual inhibition of DDT and MIF demonstrated additive effects in vitro, DDT plays a dominant role in tumor growth in vivo. Together, our findings identify DDT as a functionally redundant but more potent cytokine to MIF in cancer and suggest that current attempts to inhibit MIF signaling may fail because of DDT compensation.
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Svicher V, Alteri C, Montano M, Nori A, D'Arrigo R, Andreoni M, Angarano G, Antinori A, Antonelli G, Allice T, Bagnarelli P, Baldanti F, Bertoli A, Borderi M, Boeri E, Bon I, Bruzzone B, Barresi R, Calderisi S, Callegaro AP, Capobianchi MR, Gargiulo F, Castelli F, Cauda R, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Clementi M, Chirianni A, Colafigli M, D'Arminio Monforte A, De Luca A, Di Biagio A, Di Nicuolo G, Di Perri G, Di Santo F, Fadda G, Galli M, Gennari W, Ghisetti V, Costantini A, Gori A, Gulminetti R, Leoncini F, Maffongelli G, Maggiolo F, Maserati R, Mazzotta F, Meini G, Micheli V, Monno L, Mussini C, Nozza S, Paolucci S, Palù G, Parisi S, Parruti G, Pignataro AR, Quirino T, Re MC, Rizzardini G, Sanguinetti M, Santangelo R, Scaggiante R, Sterrantino G, Turriziani O, Vatteroni ML, Viscoli C, Vullo V, Zazzi M, Lazzarin A, Perno CF. Genotypic testing on HIV-1 DNA as a tool to assess HIV-1 co-receptor usage in clinical practice: results from the DIVA study group. Infection 2013; 42:61-71. [PMID: 24146352 PMCID: PMC3906530 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have developed a sequencing assay for determining the usage of the genotypic HIV-1 co-receptor using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA in virologically suppressed HIV-1 infected patients. Our specific aims were to (1) evaluate the efficiency of V3 sequences in B versus non-B subtypes, (2) compare the efficiency of V3 sequences and tropism prediction using whole blood and PBMCs for DNA extraction, (3) compare the efficiency of V3 sequences and tropism prediction using a single versus a triplicate round of amplification. RESULTS The overall rate of successful V3 sequences ranged from 100 % in samples with >3,000 copies HIV-1 DNA/10(6) PBMCs to 60 % in samples with <100 copies total HIV-1 DNA /10(6) PBMCs. Analysis of 143 paired PBMCs and whole-blood samples showed successful V3 sequences rates of 77.6 % for PBMCs and 83.9 % for whole blood. These rates are in agreement with the tropism prediction obtained using the geno2pheno co-receptor algorithm, namely, 92.1 % with a false-positive rate (FPR) of 10 or 20 % and of 96.5 % with an FPR of 5.75 %. The agreement between tropism prediction values using single versus triplicate amplification was 98.2 % (56/57) of patients using an FPR of 20 % and 92.9 % (53/57) using an FPR of 10 or 5.75 %. For 63.0 % (36/57) of patients, the FPR obtained via the single amplification procedure was superimposable to all three FPRs obtained by triplicate amplification. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the feasibility and consistency of genotypic testing on HIV-1 DNA tropism, supporting its possible use for selecting patients with suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA as candidates for CCR5-antagonist treatment. The high agreement between tropism prediction by single and triple amplification does not support the use of triplicate amplification in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Arrizon A, Carrasco R, Salinas-Chavira J, Montano M, Torrentera N, Zinn RA. Feeding value of dried shredded sugarbeets as a partial replacement for steam-flaked corn in finishing diets for feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1892-7. [PMID: 22648752 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the comparative feeding value of dried shredded sugarbeets (DSSB; 0, 20, and 40% of diet DM) as a replacement for steam-flaked corn (SFC) in finishing diets for feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, 60 calf-fed Holstein steers (476 ± 6.3 kg) were used in a 97-d finishing trial. Substitution of SFC with DSSB did not affect ADG or DMI (P > 0.20). Increasing DSSB decreased gain efficiency (ADG:DMI; linear effect, P = 0.04) and dietary NE (linear effect, P = 0.03). Given that SFC has a NE(m) value of 2.38 Mcal/kg, the replacement NE(m) and NE(g) values for DSSB were 1.94 and 1.29 Mcal/kg, respectively. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.20) on carcass characteristics. In Exp. 2, 6 cannulated Holstein steers (205 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate treatment effects on digestion. Ruminal digestion of starch, NDF, and feed N were not affected (P > 0.10) by DSSB, although ruminal OM digestion tended to increase (linear effect, P < 0.08). Replacing SFC with DSSB decreased flow of starch to the small intestine, but it increased flow of microbial N (linear effect, P = 0.05). There were no treatment effects (P > 0.14) on postruminal digestion of OM, NDF, starch, or feed N or total tract digestion of OM, starch, and N. Substitution of DSSB increased (linear effect, P = 0.05) total tract NDF digestion and decreased (linear effect, P = 0.05) dietary DE (Mcal/kg). Given that SFC has a DE value of 4.19 Mcal/kg, the replacement DE value of DSSB was 3.68 Mcal/kg. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.12) on ruminal pH or total VFA; however, DSSB decreased propionate (linear effect, P = 0.05) and increased acetate (linear effect, P = 0.07), butyrate (linear effect, P = 0.05), valerate (linear effect, P = 0.04), and estimated methane production (linear effect, P = 0.05). We concluded that DSSB may replace SFC in finishing diets at levels of up to 40% without detrimental effects on ADG and carcass characteristics. The NE value of DSSB is 82% that of SFC (DM basis). Partial replacement of SFC with DSSB alters ruminal VFA patterns, increasing estimated methane energy loss and slightly decreasing the efficiency of DE utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arrizon
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Sarmati L, Parisi SG, Montano M, Andreis S, Scaggiante R, Galgani A, Viscione M, Maffongelli G, Ricciardi A, Andreoni C, Boros S, Palu G, Andreoni M. Nevirapine use, prolonged antiretroviral therapy and high CD4 nadir values are strongly correlated with undetectable HIV-DNA and -RNA levels and CD4 cell gain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2932-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Watanabe M, Doughman YQ, Desjardins C, Hu Y, Wang C, Hoit B, Chandler M, Yu X, Montano M. Inducible reexpression of HEXIM1 activates physiological rather than pathological responses in the adult heart. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.526.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Watanabe
- PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
| | - Yong Qui Doughman
- PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
| | | | - Yanduan Hu
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
| | - Connie Wang
- PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
| | - Brian Hoit
- MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
| | - Margaret Chandler
- Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
| | - Xin Yu
- Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Monica Montano
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineClevelandOH
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Montes E, Ruiz V, Checa M, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J, Montano M, Ordonez-Razo R, Cisneros J, Garcia-de-Alba C, Pardo A, Selman M. Renin is an angiotensin-independent profibrotic mediator: role in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2011; 39:141-8. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vickerman MB, Keith PA, McKay TL, Gedeon DJ, Watanabe M, Montano M, Karunamuni G, Kaiser PK, Sears JE, Ebrahem Q, Ribita D, Hylton AG, Parsons-Wingerter P. VESGEN 2D: automated, user-interactive software for quantification and mapping of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic trees and networks. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:320-32. [PMID: 19248164 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of microvascular remodeling as a meaningful discovery tool requires mapping and measurement of site-specific changes within vascular trees and networks. Vessel density and other critical vascular parameters are often modulated by molecular regulators as determined by local vascular architecture. For example, enlargement of vessel diameter by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is restricted to specific generations of vessel branching (Parsons-Wingerter et al., Microvascular Research72: 91, 2006). The averaging of vessel diameter over many successively smaller generations is therefore not particularly useful. The newly automated, user-interactive software VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) quantifies major vessel parameters within two-dimensional (2D) vascular trees, networks, and tree-network composites. This report reviews application of VESGEN 2D to angiogenic and lymphangiogenic tissues that includes the human and murine retina, embryonic coronary vessels, and avian chorioallantoic membrane. Software output includes colorized image maps with quantification of local vessel diameter, fractal dimension, tortuosity, and avascular spacing. The density of parameters such as vessel area, length, number, and branch point are quantified according to site-specific generational branching within vascular trees. The sole user input requirement is a binary (black/white) vascular image. Future applications of VESGEN will include analysis of 3D vascular architecture and bioinformatic dimensions such as blood flow and receptor localization. Branching analysis by VESGEN has demonstrated that numerous regulators including VEGF(165), basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta-1, angiostatin and the clinical steroid triamcinolone acetonide induce 'fingerprint' or 'signature' changes in vascular patterning that provide unique readouts of dominant molecular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Vickerman
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA
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Vickerman MB, Keith PA, McKay TL, Gedeon DJ, Watanabe M, Montano M, Karunamuni G, Kaiser PK, Sears JE, Ebrahem Q, Ribita D, Hylton AG, Parsons-Wingerter P. VESGEN 2D: Automated, User-Interactive Software for Quantification and Mapping of Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Trees and Networks. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sarmati L, Andreoni C, Nicastri E, Tommasi C, Buonomini A, D'Ettorre G, Corpolongo A, Dori L, Montano M, Volpi A, Narciso P, Vullo V, Andreoni M. Prognostic factors of long-term CD4+count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. J Med Virol 2009; 81:481-7. [PMID: 19152399 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study was to determine predictors of the duration of antiretroviral treatment interruption in patients infected with HIV. This pilot prospective, open-label, multicenter trial comprised 62 HIV-seropositive subjects who decided voluntarily to interrupt therapy after two or more years of successful HAART. The primary end-point was the time to patients being free of therapy before reaching a CD4+ cell count < or =350/microl. Fifteen of 62 patients remained in treatment interruption for more than 180 days. Patients restarting therapy had higher HIV-DNA levels (P = 0.05), were treated more frequently with NNRTI-drugs (P = 0.02), had a shorter period of HAART (P = 0.046), and lower CD4+ cell counts after day 14 of interruption of treatment (P = 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis showed that less than 323 baseline proviral HIV-DNA cp/10(6) PBMCs and more than 564 CD4 cells/microl at day 14 after interruption were associated independently with a reduced risk of restarting treatment (P = 0.041 and P = 0.012, respectively). A score based on CD4+ cell counts at nadir, at baseline, at week 2 of treatment interruption, and on baseline HIV-DNA values can identify patients with a prolonged period free safely of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sarmati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Zinn RA, Alverez EG, Montano M, Salinas-Chavira J. Influence of dry-rolling and tempering agent addition during the steam-flaking of sorghum grain on its feeding value for feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2007; 86:916-22. [PMID: 18073278 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of dry-rolling (DRS) and tempering agent (TA) addition during the steam-flaking of grain sorghum (SFS) for feedlot cattle. Five dietary treatments were compared: 1) DRS; 2) SFS, no TA; 3) SFS, 0.275 mg/kg of TA; 4) SFS, 1.375 mg/kg of TA; and 5) SFS, 2.750 mg/kg of TA. Bulk densities of DRS and SFS were 0.48 and 0.36 kg/L, respectively. Diets contained 70.6% grain sorghum (DM basis). One hundred fifty crossbred steers (336 kg of BW) were used in a 115-d finishing experiment to evaluate treatment effects on feedlot performance. Body weight gain averaged 1.49 kg/d and was not affected (P = 0.47) by treatments. The SFS reduced (P < 0.01) DMI (9%) and enhanced (P < 0.01) G:F (13%) and the NE(m) and NE(g) value of the diet (9 and 11%, respectively). Use of a TA before flaking sorghum did not influence (P > 0.20) cattle growth performance or NE(m) or NE(g) value of the diet. Given that the NE(m) and NE(g) values of DRS are 2.00 and 1.35 Mcal/kg, respectively (NRC, 1996), the corresponding values for SFS were 2.28 and 1.59 Mcal/kg. Five steers (397 kg of BW) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to evaluate treatment effects on digestive function. Ruminal digestion of OM and starch was greater (14 and 16%, respectively; P < 0.01) for SFS vs. DRS. Steam-flaking sorghum increased (P < 0.01) postruminal digestion of OM (11%), N (10%), and starch (25%) and total tract digestion (P < 0.01) of OM (8.3%), N (8.2%), and starch (8.9%). Grain processing did not affect (P > 0.20) ruminal pH or VFA molar proportions. There was a cubic component (P < 0.10) to level of TA on ruminal pH and VFA molar proportions, with values being optimal at 1.375 mg/kg of tempering agent. It is concluded that steam-flaking grain sorghum will increase its NE value for maintenance and gain (14 and 18%, respectively) and enhance the MP value of the diet due to greater intestinal N digestion. The use of a TA to enhance the mechanical efficiency of the flaking process may not otherwise benefit the feeding value of sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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Cartenì GG, Montano M, Perrotta E, Otero M, Guida T, Ragone G, Aurilio G, Maiorino L, Stavolo C, Panza N. Side effects of sunitinib malate (SM) treatment for patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15617 Background: SM is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for treatment of mRCC. Side effects of treatment have been investigated in 51 pts with mRCC and 35 out 51 enrolled pts resulted evaluable for response. Methods: Pts were clinically evaluated before therapy and each month during SM treatment; haematological and biochemical parameters were measured after each cycle. Thyroid function was also evaluated measuring thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH), serum free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3), before the start and after 6 months of treatment. Results: Toxicity was evaluated according to NCI-CTC. Neutropenia grade 3 was observed in 7 pts (13,7%), grade 2 in 13 (25%); anemia grade 3 was found in 3 pts (5,8%) and grade 2 in 6 (11,7%); thrombocytopenia grade 3 was found in 6 pts (11,7%), grade 2 in 5 (9,8%). Mucositis resulted a frequent side effect. In fact, 4 (7,8%) pts showed a grade 3 toxicity, 16 (31,3%) grade 2 and 10 (19,8%) grade 1 Among 29 out 35 (82,8%) pts who responded to therapy, 3 had mucositis grade 3, 15 grade 2, 9 grade 1. Conversely, among 6 out 35 (17,1%) pts who had progressive disease during treatment, mucositis was observed in only 2 pts. 24 pts out 35 who received 6 months SM treatment were reevalueted for thyroid function. No patient had thyroid dysfunction before treatment. Conversely, 8 pts showed severe ipothyroidism (TSH, FT3 and FT4 out of the normal range) and 6 others intermediate ipothyroidism (only TSH increased over 20 μU/ml) after at least 6 cycles of therapy. Conclusions: SM therapy represents a new interesting approach to the treatment of mRCC, but shows noteworthy side effects. Regular monitoring of thyroid function with administration of levothyroxin substitutive treatment at the appearance of the thyroid disfunction is required. A direct correlation between grade 2–3 mucositis and clinical response to treatment could be postulated on the basis of our data, although a statistical analysis on a greater cohort of subjects is required to confirm this observation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Cartenì
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Montano
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - E. Perrotta
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Otero
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - T. Guida
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Ragone
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Aurilio
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Maiorino
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Stavolo
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - N. Panza
- Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy; S. Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Contreras AM, Montano M, Kweskin SJ, Koebel MM, Bratlie K, Becraft K, Somorjai GA. Molecular surface science of C–H bond activation and polymerization catalysis. Top Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-006-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Montano M, Rarick M, Sebastiani P, Brinkmann P, Russell M, Navis A, Wester C, Thior I, Essex M. Gene-expression profiling of HIV-1 infection and perinatal transmission in Botswana. Genes Immun 2006; 7:298-309. [PMID: 16691187 PMCID: PMC7091840 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 represents a major problem in many regions of the world, especially Southern Africa. With the exception of viral and proviral load, the role for maternal cofactors in perinatal transmission outcome is largely unknown. In this study, an assessment was made of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) gene-expression profiles to better understand transcriptional changes associated with HIV-1 infection and perinatal transmission among young adult mothers with infants in Botswana. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells specimens were used from 25 HIV+ drug naive and 20 HIV- healthy mothers, similar in age and location, collected in 1999-2000 and 2003, and processed with the exact same methods, as previously described. Expression profiling of 22 277 microarray gene probes implicated a broad initiation of innate response gene-sets, including toll-like receptor, interferon-stimulated and antiviral RNA response pathways in association with maternal HIV-1 infection. Maternal transmission status was further associated with host genes that influence RNA processing and splicing patterns. In addition to real-time polymerase chain reaction validation of specific genes, enriched category validation of PBMC profiles was conducted using two independent data sets for either HIV-1 infection or an unrelated RNA virus, severe acute respiratory virus infection. HIV-1 pathogen-specific host profiles should prove a useful tool in infection and transmission intervention efforts worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montano
- Center for HIV-1/AIDS Care and Research, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 2446, USA.
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Sarmati L, Montano M, Dori L, Buonomini AR, D'Ettorre G, Vullo V, Andreoni M. Discordant response to HAART: reduction of viremia and replicative capacity of HIV strains in patients after genotype guided change of therapy. New Microbiol 2004; 27:95-8. [PMID: 15646070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome after a genotype guided change of therapy in 18 patients failing HAART. Patients were divided into two groups according to the response to therapy: immune responders (12 patients with immune recovery defined as having more than 100 CD4 cells compared to baseline value), and 6 failing patients (without immune recovery). At month 12 after genotype change of therapy a significant difference in the decrease of HIV-RNA viral load between the two groups of patients was detected (mean -1.95 and +0.04 log HIV-RNA copies/ml, p=0.04). One year after the change of therapy, all but one patients experienced a decrease in the replication capacity of HIV strains. Particularly, the HIV replication capacity of HIV strains decreased from 52% (range 14-98%) to 15.2% (range 0.1-74.5%). The HIV strains of patients failing HAART showed a progressive impaired replication capacity. In patients failing HAART the impaired replication capacity of HIV strains could justify the persistence of an immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sarmati
- Department of Public Health, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
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Sarmati L, Nicastri E, Montano M, Dori L, Buonomini AR, d'Ettorre G, Gatti F, Parisi SG, Vullo V, Andreoni M. Decrease of replicative capacity of HIV isolates after genotypic guided change of therapy. J Med Virol 2004; 72:511-6. [PMID: 14981751 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A longitudinal study of the replication capacity of HIV strains isolated from 18 patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was undertaken at the time of genotypic guided change of therapy and after 12 months. Patients were divided in two groups according to the response to therapy: immune responders (12 patients with immune recovery defined as having more than 100 CD4 cells compared to baseline value), and failing patients (six patients without immune recovery). At enrollment no significant difference in terms of CD4 cell count and HIV plasma viremia was detected between the two groups. One year after change of therapy, all patients experienced a decrease in the replication capacity of HIV strains. The HIV replication capacity of the failing and of immune-responder patients decreased from 60% (range 14-96%) to 26.4% (range 0.4-74.5) and from 46.8% (range 15-98%) to 3.6% (range 0.1-26.8%), respectively. At month 12, the difference of HIV replication capacity between the two groups reached a statistical significance (P<0.03). After the change of therapy, an increase in the number of drug resistance mutations in the protease gene was detected in both groups with a higher prevalence of M36I mutation in immune responders. The HIV strains of patients failing HAART showed a progressive impaired replication capacity. The degree of the impairment in viral replication correlated with the viro-immunological discordant response to HAART and with the acquisition of new drug resistant mutations in the protease gene. In patients failing HAART, the impaired replication capacity of HIV strains could justify the persistence of an immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sarmati
- Department of Public Health, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Zinn RA, Barrajas R, Montano M, Ware RA. Influence of dietary urea level on digestive function and growth performance of cattle fed steam-flaked barley-based finishing diets. J Anim Sci 2004; 81:2383-9. [PMID: 14552362 DOI: 10.2527/2003.81102383x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four Holstein steers (282 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of dietary urea level (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2%, DM basis) in a steam-flaked barley-based finishing diet on digestive function. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.20) on ruminal digestion of OM and ADF. Increasing dietary urea level increased (linear, P < 0.01) ruminal starch digestion. Ruminal degradability of protein in the basal diet (no supplemental urea) was 60%. Increasing dietary urea level did not increase (P > 0.20) ruminal microbial protein synthesis or nonammonia N flow to the small intestine. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.20) on total-tract ADF digestion. Total tract digestion of OM (quadratic, P < 0.01) and starch (linear, P < 0.05) increased slightly with increasing urea level. Urea supplementation increased (linear, P < 0.01) ruminal pH 1 h after feeding; however, by 3 h after feeding, ruminal pH was lower (cubic, P < 0.05) with urea-supplemented diets. Urea supplementation did not affect (P > 0.20) ruminal molar proportions of acetate and propionate. One hundred twenty crossbred steers (252 kg; approximately 25% Brahman breeding) were used in an 84-d feeding trial (five pens per treatment) to evaluate treatment effects on growth performance. Daily weight gain increased (linear, P = 0.01) with increasing urea level, tending to be maximal (1.53 kg/d; quadratic, P = 0.13) at the 0.8% level of urea supplementation. Improvements in ADG were due to treatment effects (linear, P < 0.01) on DMI. Urea supplementation did not affect (P > 0.20) the NE value of the diet for maintenance and gain. Observed dietary NE values, based on growth performance, were in close agreement with expected based on tabular values for individual feed ingredients, averaging 100.4%. We conclude that with steam-flaked barely-based finishing diets, ruminal and total-tract digestion of OM and ruminal microbial protein synthesis may not be increased by urea supplementation. In contrast, ADG was optimized by dietary inclusion of 0.8% urea. Urea supplementation may not enhance the net energy value of steam-flaked barely-based finishing diets when degradable intake protein is greater than 85% of microbial protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Zinn
- Desert Research and Extension Center, University of California, El Centro 92243, USA.
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Volpi A, Sarmati L, Suligoi B, Montano M, Rezza G, Andreoni M. Correlates of human herpes virus-8 and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in Northern Cameroon. J Med Virol 2004; 74:467-72. [PMID: 15368514 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between sexual activity and human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection has been established, but the mode of acquisition is still unclear. Blood samples from 238 individuals from Northern Cameroon were tested to evaluate the incidence of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Treponema pallidum, and HHV-8 infections and to identify their possible association. The presence of HSV-2 antibodies was associated significantly with gender, age, and HIV, HHV-8 antilatent, and T. pallidum antibodies, but not with HHV-8 antilytic antibodies. In a multivariate model older age, female gender, seropositivity for HIV, for HHV-8 latent antigens and for T. pallidum were associated independently with seropositivity for HSV-2. HSV-2-seropositive individuals had significantly higher titers of antibodies to both lytic (P = 0.019) and latent (P = 0.021) HHV-8 antigens. These results suggest that HSV-2 infection can contribute to sexual transmission of HHV-8 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Volpi
- Department of Public Health, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Browning CM, Smith MJ, Clark NM, Lane BR, Parada C, Montano M, KewalRamani VN, Littman DR, Essex M, Roeder RG, Markovitz DM. Human GLI-2 is a tat activation response element-independent Tat cofactor. J Virol 2001; 75:2314-23. [PMID: 11160734 PMCID: PMC114814 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.5.2314-2323.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2000] [Accepted: 12/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger-containing GLI proteins are involved in the development of Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus, Drosophila, zebrafish, mice, and humans. In this study, we show that an isoform of human GLI-2 strongly synergizes with the Tat transactivating proteins of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2) and markedly stimulates viral replication. GLI-2 also synergizes with the previously described Tat cofactor cyclin T1 to stimulate Tat function. Surprisingly, GLI-2/Tat synergy is not dependent on either a typical GLI DNA binding site or an intact Tat activation response element but does require an intact TATA box. Thus, GLI-2/Tat synergy results from a mechanism of action which is novel both for a GLI protein and for a Tat cofactor. These findings link the GLI family of transcriptional and developmental regulatory proteins to Tat function and HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Browning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0640,USA
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Katzenellenbogen BS, Choi I, Delage-Mourroux R, Ediger TR, Martini PG, Montano M, Sun J, Weis K, Katzenellenbogen JA. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen action: selective ligands and receptor pharmacology. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 74:279-85. [PMID: 11162936 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(00)00104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens exert profound effects on the physiology of diverse target cells and these effects appear to be mediated by two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta. We have investigated how ER ligands, ranging from pure agonists to antagonists, interact with ERalpha and ERbeta, and regulate their transcriptional activity on different genes. Mutational mapping-structure activity studies indicate that different residues of the ER ligand binding domain are involved in the recognition of structurally distinct estrogens and antiestrogens. We have identified from ligands of diverse structure, several particularly interesting ones that are high potency selective agonists via ERalpha and others that are full agonists through ERalpha while being full antagonists through ERbeta. Antiestrogens such as hydroxytamoxifen, which are mixed agonist/antagonists through ERalpha, are pure antagonists through ERbeta at estrogen response element-containing gene sites. Studies with ERalpha/beta chimeric proteins reveal that tamoxifen agonism requires the activation function 1 region of ERalpha. Through two-hybrid assays, we have isolated an ER-specific coregulator that potentiates antiestrogen antagonist effectiveness and represses ER transcriptional activity. We have also focused on understanding the distinct pharmacologies of antiestrogen- and estrogen-regulated genes. Although antiestrogens are thought to largely act by antagonizing the actions of estrogens, we have found among several new ER-regulated genes, quinone reductase (QR), a detoxifying phase II antioxidant enzyme, that has its activity up-regulated by antiestrogens in an ER-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. This response is antagonized by estrogens, thus showing 'reversed pharmacology'. Increased QR activity by antiestrogens requires a functional ER (ERalpha or ERbeta) and is, interestingly, mediated via the electrophile response element in the QR gene 5' regulatory region. The up-regulation of QR may contribute to the beneficial effects of tamoxifen, raloxifene, and other antiestrogens in breast cancer prevention and treatment. Estrogens rapidly up-regulate expression of several genes associated with cell cytoarchitectural changes including NHE-RF, the sodium hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor, also known as EBP50. NHE-RF/EBP50 is enriched in microvilli, and may serve as a scaffold adaptor protein in regulating early changes in cell architecture and signal transduction events induced by estrogen. Analyses of the regulatory regions of these primary response genes, and the antioxidant and other signaling pathways involved, are providing considerable insight into the mechanisms by which ligands, that function as selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs, exert their marked effects on the activities and properties of target cells. The intriguing biology of estrogens in its diverse target cells is thus determined by the structure of the ligand, the ER subtype involved, the nature of the hormone-responsive gene promoter, and the character and balance of coactivators and corepressors that modulate the cellular response to the ER-ligand complex. The continuing development of ligands that function as selective estrogens or antiestrogens for ERalpha or ERbeta should allow optimized tissue selectivity of these agents for menopausal hormone replacement therapy and the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois and College of Medicine, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 S. Goodwin Avenue, 61801-3704, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Kanki PJ, Hamel DJ, Sankalé JL, Hsieh CC, Thior I, Barin F, Woodcock SA, Guèye-Ndiaye A, Zhang E, Montano M, Siby T, Marlink R, NDoye I, Essex ME, MBoup S. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes differ in disease progression. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:68-73. [PMID: 9841824 DOI: 10.1086/314557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
At least 10 different genetic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes (A-J) are responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Much of the understanding of HIV-1 disease progression derives from studies in the developed world where HIV infection is almost exclusively subtype B. This has led many to question whether the properties and consequences of HIV-1 infection can be generalized across subtypes that afflict the majority of infected persons in the developing world. From 1985 to 1997, a prospective study of registered female sex workers in Senegal tracked the introduction and spread of HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, and G. In clinical follow-up, the AIDS-free survival curves differed by HIV-1 subtype. Women infected with a non-A subtype were 8 times more likely to develop AIDS than were those infected with subtype A (hazard ratio=8.23; P=. 009), the predominant subtype in the study. These data suggest that HIV-1 subtypes may differ in rates of progression to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Kanki
- Department of Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Nicastri E, Ercoli L, Sarmati L, Ventura L, Parisi SG, Ciapetti C, Montano M, Andreoni M. Five human immunodeficiency virus type 1 phenotypic variants with different MT-2 cell tropisms correlate with prognostic markers of disease. J Hum Virol 1998; 1:90-5. [PMID: 10195237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We correlated virologic and immunologic parameters of disease progression with cytopathogenicity of HIV isolates. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from 207 patients with CD4+ cell counts < 500/mm3 were examined for biologic phenotype in MT-2 cells. We used a cross-sectional study design. RESULTS Three subtypes of syncytium-inducing (SI) strains with different times of appearance of syncytia formation in cell culture and two subtypes of non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) isolates, with (NSI/MT2+) or without (NSI/MT2-) replicative capacity in MT-2 cells, were identified. Early SI strains were associated with the lowest CD4+ cell counts and the highest levels of viral load, and NSI/MT2- isolates correlated with the highest CD4+ cell counts and the lowest viral loads. Patients with late SI and NSI/MT2+ strains showed minimal differences in immunologic and virologic markers. CONCLUSIONS Five HIV phenotypic variants that correlate significantly (P < 0.001) with markers of disease progression were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicastri
- Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Selman M, Gonzalez G, Bravo M, Sullivan-Lopez J, Ramos C, Montano M, Barquin N, Vadillo F. Effect of lung T lymphocytes on fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Thorax 1990; 45:451-5. [PMID: 2392789 PMCID: PMC462528 DOI: 10.1136/thx.45.6.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased fibroblast replication and interstitial collagen accumulation occur commonly in the interstitial lung disease that progress to fibrosis. The processes controlling lung fibrogenesis are not completely understood, however. This study was designed to analyse the influence of T lymphocytes from lung tissue obtained at open lung biopsy from four patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and four patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. Lung T cell supernatants from patients with both diseases induced a moderate but significant inhibition of human lung fibroblast cell line growth. In contrast, there was a clear difference in the effect of T cells from the two groups of patients in relation to collagen production. Lung T lymphocytes from all four patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis produced a substantial increase in collagen synthesis (from 371% to 514% of control values), whereas T cells from three of the four patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis induced a significant decrease in collagen production (to 35%, 36%, and 43% of control values); in the fourth case there was an increase in collagen synthesis but this was lower than that seen with T cells from any of the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Peripheral T cells from six patients and control subjects caused a small increase in fibroblast proliferation and no change in collagen synthesis. The findings suggest that at least two types of interaction occur between lung T cells and fibroblasts in these disorders. A variable degree of inhibition of cell proliferation is observed in response to lung T cell supernatants from patients with both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis; a substantial increase in collagen synthesis is triggered by lymphokines from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Kurtz TW, Montano M, Chan L, Kabra P. Molecular evidence of genetic heterogeneity in Wistar-Kyoto rats: implications for research with the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension 1989; 13:188-92. [PMID: 2914738 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.13.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto ("WKY") rats are frequently employed in experimental studies of hypertension. Although both SHR and WKY rat strains have been presumed to be fully inbred, recent studies have revealed important biologic variability in WKY rats from different commercial sources. Genealogic evidence suggests that, in the United States, breeding stocks of WKY rats may have been distributed to major commercial suppliers as early as the F10 generation. To test the hypothesis that commercially available WKY rats are genetically heterogeneous, we performed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) "fingerprint" analysis on genomic DNA of WKY rats from two of the largest vendors in the United States, Taconic Farms and Charles River Laboratories. We found molecular evidence of genetic variability not only among WKY rats from two different breeding facilities, but also among WKY rats within a single breeding facility (Taconic Farms). Although some studies have suggested the possibility of biologic variability in SHR from different sources, preliminary studies have not revealed molecular evidence of genetic heterogeneity in SHR from these vendors. In demonstrating genetic variability in WKY rats from different sources, the current study provides compelling evidence that rats designated WKY do not constitute an inbred strain. Accordingly, the results of studies in which SHR and WKY rats are compared might vary because of genetic heterogeneity in "the WKY rat control strain."
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0134
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Katayama S, Montano M, Slotnick RN, Lebo RV, Golbus MS. Prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with pERT 87 deoxyribonucleic acid probes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158:548-55. [PMID: 2894769 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
New methods of prenatal diagnosis based on recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques are assuming increased importance in obstetrics practice. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy were performed with the use of three intragenic probes and four restriction enzymes to test six polymorphic sites. Twenty-seven families at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy were studied. Eleven at-risk pregnancies were studied; two affected males and four carrier females were predicted. Some families with a single affected individual were shown to have had a spontaneous mutation and were therefore at a much lower risk in future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Katayama
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco
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Aggio MC, Montano M, Giusto N, Bruzzo MT. Comparative effects of dexamethasone and testosterone on erythropoiesis in a strain of mice partially unresponsive to hypoxia. Rev Esp Fisiol 1972; 28:109-13. [PMID: 4680074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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