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Qian S, Shi Y, Senfeld J, Peng Q, Shen J. The P2Y 2 receptor mediates terminal adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance: Evidence for a dual G-protein coupling mode. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105589. [PMID: 38141758 PMCID: PMC10828443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Several P2Y nucleotide receptors have been shown to be involved in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation in vitro and insulin resistance in obese mice; however, the exact receptor subtype(s) and its underlying molecular mechanism in relevant human cells are unclear. Here, using human primary visceral preadipocytes as a model, we found that during preadipocyte-to-mature adipocyte differentiation, the P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) was the most upregulated subtype among the eight known P2Y receptors and the only one further dramatically upregulated after inflammatory TNFα treatment. Functional studies indicated that the P2Y2R induced intracellular Ca2+, ERK1/2, and JNK signaling but not the p38 pathway. In addition, stimulation of the P2Y2R suppressed basal and insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT, accompanied by decreased GLUT4 membrane translocation and glucose uptake in mature adipocytes, suggesting a role of P2Y2R in insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that activation of P2Y2R did not increase lipolysis but suppressed PIP3 generation. Interestingly, activation of P2Y2R triggered Gi-protein coupling, and pertussis toxin pretreatment largely inhibited P2Y2R-mediated ERK1/2 signaling and cAMP suppression. Further, treatment of the cells with AR-C 118925XX, a selective P2Y2R antagonist, significantly inhibited adipogenesis, and P2Y2R knockout decreased mouse body weight gain with smaller eWAT mass infiltrated with fewer macrophages as compared to WT mice in response to a Western diet. Thus, we revealed that terminal adipocyte differentiation and inflammation selectively upregulate P2Y2R expression and that P2Y2R mediates insulin resistance by suppressing the AKT signaling pathway, highlighting P2Y2R as a potential new drug target to combat obesity and type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Qian
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jared Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Qianman Peng
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
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Ng GYQ, Loh ZWL, Fann DY, Mallilankaraman K, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathways in Metabolic Diseases. Genome Integr 2024; 15:e20230003. [PMID: 38770527 PMCID: PMC11102075 DOI: 10.14293/genint.14.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes that govern the normal functioning of mammalian cells are regulated by a myriad of signalling pathways. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases constitute one of the major signalling arms and have been broadly classified into four groups that include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5. Each signalling cascade is governed by a wide array of external and cellular stimuli, which play a critical part in mammalian cells in the regulation of various key responses, such as mitogenic growth, differentiation, stress responses, as well as inflammation. This evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase signalling arm is also important for metabolic maintenance, which is tightly coordinated via complicated mechanisms that include the intricate interaction of scaffold proteins, recognition through cognate motifs, action of phosphatases, distinct subcellular localisation, and even post-translational modifications. Aberration in the signalling pathway itself or their regulation has been implicated in the disruption of metabolic homeostasis, which provides a pathophysiological foundation in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is an umbrella term that usually includes a group of closely associated metabolic diseases such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension. These risk factors exacerbate the development of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic diseases, which have accounted for an increase in the worldwide morbidity and mortality rate. This review aims to summarise recent findings that have implicated MAP kinase signalling in the development of metabolic diseases, highlighting the potential therapeutic targets of this pathway to be investigated further for the attenuation of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Baumer Y, Singh K, Baez AS, Gutierrez-Huerta CA, Chen L, Igboko M, Turner BS, Yeboah JA, Reger RN, Ortiz-Whittingham LR, Bleck CK, Mitchell VM, Collins BS, Pirooznia M, Dagur PK, Allan DS, Muallem-Schwartz D, Childs RW, Powell-Wiley TM. Social Determinants modulate NK cell activity via obesity, LDL, and DUSP1 signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.556825. [PMID: 37745366 PMCID: PMC10515802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Adverse social determinants of health (aSDoH) are associated with obesity and related comorbidities like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Obesity is also associated with natural killer cell (NK) dysregulation, suggesting a potential mechanistic link. Therefore, we measured NK phenotypes and function in a cohort of African-American (AA) women from resource-limited neighborhoods. Obesity was associated with reduced NK cytotoxicity and a shift towards a regulatory phenotype. In vitro, LDL promoted NK dysfunction, implicating hyperlipidemia as a mediator of obesity-related immune dysregulation. Dual specific phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) was induced by LDL and was upregulated in NK cells from subjects with obesity, implicating DUSP1 in obesity-mediated NK dysfunction. In vitro, DUSP1 repressed LAMP1/CD107a, depleting NK cells of functional lysosomes to prevent degranulation and cytokine secretion. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic links between aSDoH, obesity, and immune dysregulation that could be leveraged to improve outcomes in marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S. Baez
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian A. Gutierrez-Huerta
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muna Igboko
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Briana S. Turner
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josette A. Yeboah
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert N. Reger
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lola R. Ortiz-Whittingham
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K.E. Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valerie M. Mitchell
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Billy S. Collins
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S.J. Allan
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Richard W. Childs
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Xie H, Huang Y, Zhan Y. Construction of a novel circRNA-miRNA-ferroptosis related mRNA network in ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15077. [PMID: 37699956 PMCID: PMC10497552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecule alterations are important to explore the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke (IS). Ferroptosis, a newly recognized type of regulated cell death, is related to IS. Identification of the interactions between circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and ferroptosis related mRNA may be useful to understand the molecular mechanism of IS. The circRNA, miRNA and mRNA transcriptome data in IS, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, was used for differential expression analysis. Ferroptosis related mRNAs were identified from the FerrDb database, followed by construction of circRNA-miRNA-ferroptosis related mRNA network. Enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis of mRNAs in circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was performed, followed by expression validation by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and online dataset. A total of 694, 41 and 104 differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were respectively identified in IS. Among which, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and solute carrier family 2 member 3 (SLC2A3) were the only three up-regulated ferroptosis related mRNAs. Moreover, DUSP1, NCOA4 and SLC2A3 were significantly up-regulated in IS after 3, 5 and 24 h of the attack. Based on these three ferroptosis related mRNAs, 4 circRNA-miRNA-ferroptosis related mRNA regulatory relationship pairs were identified in IS, including hsa_circ_0071036/hsa_circ_0039365/hsa_circ_0079347/hsa_circ_0008857-hsa-miR-122-5p-DUSP1, hsa_circ_0067717/hsa_circ_0003956/hsa_circ_0013729-hsa-miR-4446-3p-SLC2A3, hsa_circ_0059347/hsa_circ_0001414/hsa_circ_0049637-hsa-miR-885-3p-SLC2A3, and hsa_circ_0005633/hsa_circ_0004479-hsa-miR-4435-NCOA4. In addition, DUSP1 is involved in the signaling pathway of fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis. Relationship of regulatory action between circRNAs, miRNAs and ferroptosis related mRNAs may be associated with the development of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Zhan
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
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Wu X, Xu M, Geng M, Chen S, Little PJ, Xu S, Weng J. Targeting protein modifications in metabolic diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:220. [PMID: 37244925 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represents a major public health burden worldwide. The most common form of NCD is metabolic diseases, which affect people of all ages and usually manifest their pathobiology through life-threatening cardiovascular complications. A comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of metabolic diseases will generate novel targets for improved therapies across the common metabolic spectrum. Protein posttranslational modification (PTM) is an important term that refers to biochemical modification of specific amino acid residues in target proteins, which immensely increases the functional diversity of the proteome. The range of PTMs includes phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, prenylation, cholesterylation, glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, sulfhydration, citrullination, ADP ribosylation, and several novel PTMs. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of PTMs and their roles in common metabolic diseases and pathological consequences, including diabetes, obesity, fatty liver diseases, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. Building upon this framework, we afford a through description of proteins and pathways involved in metabolic diseases by focusing on PTM-based protein modifications, showcase the pharmaceutical intervention of PTMs in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and offer future perspectives. Fundamental research defining the mechanisms whereby PTMs of proteins regulate metabolic diseases will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Mengya Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute and School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, China.
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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Investigating the AC079305/DUSP1 Axis as Oxidative Stress-Related Signatures and Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8432352. [PMID: 35746962 PMCID: PMC9213160 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8432352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) and immune inflammation play complex intersections in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS). However, a competing endogenous RNA- (ceRNA-) based mechanism linked to the intersections in IS has not been explored. We aimed to identify potential OS-related signatures and analyze immune infiltration characteristics in IS. Methods Three datasets (GSE22255, GSE110993, and GSE140275) from the GEO database were extracted. Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs (DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs) between IS patients and controls were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were explored. Moreover, a triple ceRNA network was constructed to reveal transcriptional regulation mechanisms. A comprehensive strategy among least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, DEmRNAs, uprelated DEmRNAs, and OS-related genes was adopted to select the best signature. Then, we evaluated and verified the discriminant ability of the signature via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Immune infiltration characteristics were explored via the CIBERSORT algorithm. Moreover, the best signature was verified via qPCR and western blot methods in rat brain tissues and PC12 cells. Results 11 DEmRNAs were identified totally. Enrichment analysis showed that the DEmRNAs were primarily concentrated in MAPK-associated biological processes and immune or inflammation-involved pathways. DUSP1 was identified as the best signature with an area under the ROC curve of 73.5% (95%CI = 57.02-89.98, sensitivity = 95%, and specificity = 60%) in GSE22255 and 100.0% (95%CI = 100.00-100.00, sensitivity = 100%, and specificity = 100%) in GSE140275. Importantly, we also identified the AC079305/DUSP1 axis in the ceRNA network. Immune infiltration showed that resting mast cells infiltrate less in IS patients compared with controls. And DUSP1 was negatively correlated with resting mast cells (r = −0.703, P < 0.01), whereas it was positively correlated with neutrophils (r = 0.339, P < 0.05). Both in vivo and in vitro models confirmed the upregulated expression of DUSP1 and the downregulated expression of miR-429. Conclusion This study identified the ceRNA-based AC079305/DUSP1 axis as a promising OS-related signature for IS. Immune infiltrating cells, especially mast cells, may exert a pivotal role in IS progression. Pharmacological agents targeting signatures, their receptors, or mast cells may shed a novel light on therapeutic targets for IS.
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Shen L, Zhou K, Liu H, Yang J, Huang S, Yu F, Huang D. Prediction of Mechanosensitive Genes in Vascular Endothelial Cells Under High Wall Shear Stress. Front Genet 2022; 12:796812. [PMID: 35087573 PMCID: PMC8787366 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.796812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques is among the leading cause of ischemic stroke. High wall shear stress (WSS) promotes the instability of atherosclerotic plaques by directly imparting mechanical stimuli, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. We speculate that modulation of mechanosensitive genes may play a vital role in accelerating the development of plaques. The purpose of this study was to find mechanosensitive genes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) through combining microarray data with bioinformatics technology and further explore the underlying dynamics–related mechanisms that cause the progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: Microarray data sets for human vascular ECs under high and normal WSS were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through the R language. The performance of enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network presented the biological function and signaling pathways of the DEGs. Hub genes were identified based on the PPI network and validated by GEO data sets. Predicted transcription factor (TF) genes and miRNAs interaction with potential mechanosensitive genes were identified by NetworkAnalyst. Results: A total of 260 DEGs, 121 upregulated and 139 downregulated genes, were screened between high and normal WSS from GSE23289. A total of 10 hub genes and four cluster modules were filtered out based on the PPI network. The enrichment analysis showed that the biological functions of the hub genes were mainly involved in responses to unfolded protein and topologically incorrect protein, and t to endoplasmic reticulum stress. The significant pathways associated with the hub genes were those of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, antigen processing, and presentation. Three out of the 10 hub genes, namely, activated transcription factor 3 (ATF3), heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 (HSPA6), and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1, also known as CL100, HVH1, MKP-1, PTPN10), were verified in GSE13712. The expression of DUSP1 was higher in the senescent cell under high WSS than that of the young cell. The TF–miRNA–mechanosensitive gene coregulatory network was constructed. Conclusion: In this work, we identified three hub genes, ATF3, HSPA6, and DUSP1, as the potential mechanosensitive genes in the human blood vessels. DUSP1 was confirmed to be associated with the senescence of vascular ECs. Therefore, these three mechanosensitive genes may have emerged as potential novel targets for the prediction and prevention of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the TF–miRNA–mechanosensitive genes coregulatory network reveals an underlying regulatory mechanism and the pathways to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaige Zhou
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Vanchin B, Sol M, Gjaltema RAF, Brinker M, Kiers B, Pereira AC, Harmsen MC, Moonen JRAJ, Krenning G. Reciprocal regulation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition by MAPK7 and EZH2 in intimal hyperplasia and coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17764. [PMID: 34493753 PMCID: PMC8423795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a form of endothelial dysfunction wherein endothelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype and lose endothelial functions, which contributes to the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. The mitogen activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) inhibits EndMT and decreases the expression of the histone methyltransferase Enhancer-of-Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), thereby maintaining endothelial quiescence. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 that methylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). It is elusive how the crosstalk between MAPK7 and EZH2 is regulated in the endothelium and if the balance between MAPK7 and EZH2 is disturbed in vascular disease. In human coronary artery disease, we assessed the expression levels of MAPK7 and EZH2 and found that with increasing intima/media thickness ratio, MAPK7 expression decreased, whereas EZH2 expression increased. In vitro, MAPK7 activation decreased EZH2 expression, whereas endothelial cells deficient of EZH2 had increased MAPK7 activity. MAPK7 activation results in increased expression of microRNA (miR)-101, a repressor of EZH2. This loss of EZH2 in turn results in the increased expression of the miR-200 family, culminating in decreased expression of the dual-specificity phosphatases 1 and 6 who may repress MAPK7 activity. Transfection of endothelial cells with miR-200 family members decreased the endothelial sensitivity to TGFβ1-induced EndMT. In endothelial cells there is reciprocity between MAPK7 signaling and EZH2 expression and disturbances in this reciprocal signaling associate with the induction of EndMT and severity of human coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambasuren Vanchin
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Marloes Sol
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A F Gjaltema
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Brinker
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Kiers
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Renier A J Moonen
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (CA40), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Zhu X, Liu X, Liu Y, Chang W, Song Y, Zhu S. Uncovering the Potential Differentially Expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in Ischemic Stroke Based on Integrated Analysis in the Gene Expression Omnibus Database. Eur Neurol 2020; 83:404-414. [PMID: 32906114 DOI: 10.1159/000507364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death. There is no known treatment or cure for the disease. Moreover, the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs, contributing to understanding the pathology of ischemic stroke. METHODS First, the data of miRNA and mRNA were downloaded for differential expression analysis. Then, the regulatory network between miRNA and mRNAs was constructed. Third, top 100 differentially expressed mRNAs were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network followed by the function annotation of mRNAs. In addition, in vitro experiment was used to validate the expression of mRNAs. Last, receiver operating characteristic diagnostic analysis of differentially methylated genes was performed. RESULTS Totally, up to 26 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1,345 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Several regulatory interaction pairs between miRNA and mRNAs were identified, such as hsa-miR-206-HMGCR/PICALM, hsa-miR-4491-TMEM97, hsa-miR-3622b-5p/hsa-miR-548k-KLF12, and hsa-miR-302a-3p/hsa-miR-3145-3p-CTSS. MAPK signaling pathway (involved DUSP1) and the Notch signaling pathway (involved NUMB and CREBBP) were identified. The expression validation of KLF12, ARG1, ITGAM, SIRT4, SERPINH1, and DUSP1 was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Interestingly, hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-4491, hsa-miR-3622b-5p, hsa-miR-548k, hsa-miR-302a-3p, hsa-miR-3145-3p, KLF12, and ID3 had the potential diagnostic value of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS The identified differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs may be associated with the development of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China,
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
| | - Wansheng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
| | - Yanfeng Song
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
| | - Shulai Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
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10
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Shahid M, Hermes EL, Chandra D, Tauseef M, Siddiqui MR, Faridi MH, Wu MX. Emerging Potential of Immediate Early Response Gene X-1 in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009261. [PMID: 30373431 PMCID: PMC6404175 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - Erin L. Hermes
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - David Chandra
- The Wellman Center for PhotomedicineDepartment of DermatologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - M. Rizwan Siddiqui
- Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - M. Hafeez Faridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - Mei X. Wu
- The Wellman Center for PhotomedicineDepartment of DermatologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyHarvard‐Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA
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11
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Orekhov AN, Oishi Y, Nikiforov NG, Zhelankin AV, Dubrovsky L, Sobenin IA, Kel A, Stelmashenko D, Makeev VJ, Foxx K, Jin X, Kruth HS, Bukrinsky M. Modified LDL Particles Activate Inflammatory Pathways in Monocyte-derived Macrophages: Transcriptome Analysis. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:3143-3151. [PMID: 30205792 PMCID: PMC6302360 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180911120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: A hallmark of atherosclerosis is its complex pathogenesis, which is dependent on altered cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. Both arms of pathogenesis involve myeloid cells. Monocytes migrating into the arterial walls interact with modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) parti-cles, accumulate cholesterol and convert into foam cells, which promote plaque formation and also con-tribute to inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. A number of studies characterized transcriptomics of macrophages following interaction with modified LDL, and revealed alteration of the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory response and cholesterol metabolism. However, it is still unclear how these two processes are related to each other to contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation. Methods: We attempted to identify the main mater regulator genes in macrophages treated with athero-genic modified LDL using a bioinformatics approach. Results: We found that most of the identified genes were involved in inflammation, and none of them was implicated in cholesterol metabolism. Among the key identified genes were interleukin (IL)-7, IL-7 receptor, IL-15 and CXCL8. Conclusion: Our results indicate that activation of the inflammatory pathway is the primary response of the immune cells to modified LDL, while the lipid metabolism genes may be a secondary response trig-gered by inflammatory signalling
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Nikita G Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Zhelankin
- Laboratory of postgenomic research, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Dubrovsky
- GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kel
- Biosoft.ru Ltd, 630001 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,GeneXplain, GmbH, Wolfenbüttel 38304, Germany.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630001 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Stelmashenko
- Biosoft.ru Ltd, 630001 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,GeneXplain, GmbH, Wolfenbüttel 38304, Germany.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630001 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod J Makeev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kathy Foxx
- Kalen Biomedical, LLC, Montgomery Village, MD 20886, United States
| | - Xueting Jin
- Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Howard S Kruth
- Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States
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12
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JNK and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190267. [PMID: 31270248 PMCID: PMC6639461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) describes the cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases that are generally characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, intra-abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. CMS currently affects more than 25% of the world’s population and the rates of diseases are rapidly rising. These CMS conditions represent critical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the underlying signaling involved in disease onset and progression. The c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) are a family of stress signaling kinases that have been recently indicated in CMS. The purpose of this review is to examine the in vivo implications of JNK as a potential therapeutic target for CMS. As the constellation of diseases associated with CMS are complex and involve multiple tissues and environmental triggers, carefully examining what is known about the JNK pathway will be important for specificity in treatment strategies.
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13
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DUSP1 Is a Potential Marker of Chronic Inflammation in Arabs with Cardiovascular Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2018:9529621. [PMID: 30647800 PMCID: PMC6311887 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9529621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks persist in patients despite the use of conventional treatments. This might be due to chronic inflammation as reflected in epidemiological studies associating circulating low-grade inflammatory markers with CVD recurrent events. Here, we explored this potential link by assessing plasma dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) levels and comparing them to high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels and their associations to conventional CVD risk factors in confirmed CVD patients. Methods Human adults with reported CVD (n = 207) and controls (n = 70) living in Kuwait were used in this study. Anthropometric and classical biochemical parameters were determined. Plasma levels of DUSP1, oxLDL, and hsCRP were measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results DUSP1 and hsCRP plasma levels and their least square means were higher in CVD cases, while oxLDL plasma levels were lower (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DUSP1 and hsCRP are independently associated with CVD in the studied population, as reflected by 2-fold and 1.5-fold increased risks with increased levels of DUSP1 and hsCRP, respectively. In our study, DUSP1 levels were found to be associated with CVD despite statin treatment and diabetes status (p < 0.05), whereas hsCRP mainly correlated with obesity markers. Conclusions Circulating DUSP1 might be a predictor of chronic subclinical inflammation and residual risk in CVD patients, whereas our data suggest that the association between hsCRP and CVD is largely accounted for adiposity risk factors.
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14
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Kim HS, Asmis R. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in macrophage biology and cardiovascular disease. A redox-regulated master controller of monocyte function and macrophage phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:75-83. [PMID: 28330703 PMCID: PMC5462841 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MAPK pathways play a critical role in the activation of monocytes and macrophages by pathogens, signaling molecules and environmental cues and in the regulation of macrophage function and plasticity. MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) has emerged as the main counter-regulator of MAPK signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Loss of MKP-1 in monocytes and macrophages in response to metabolic stress leads to dysregulation of monocyte adhesion and migration, and gives rise to dysfunctional, proatherogenic monocyte-derived macrophages. Here we review the properties of this redox-regulated dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase and the role of MKP-1 in monocyte and macrophage biology and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Reto Asmis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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15
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Babaev VR, Yeung M, Erbay E, Ding L, Zhang Y, May JM, Fazio S, Hotamisligil GS, Linton MF. Jnk1 Deficiency in Hematopoietic Cells Suppresses Macrophage Apoptosis and Increases Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Null Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1122-31. [PMID: 27102962 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) are regulated by a wide variety of cellular stresses and have been implicated in apoptotic signaling. Macrophages express 2 JNK isoforms, JNK1 and JNK2, which may have different effects on cell survival and atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To dissect the effect of macrophage JNK1 and JNK2 on early atherosclerosis, Ldlr(-/-) mice were reconstituted with wild-type, Jnk1(-/-), and Jnk2(-/-) hematopoietic cells and fed a high cholesterol diet. Jnk1(-/-)→Ldlr(-/-) mice have larger atherosclerotic lesions with more macrophages and fewer apoptotic cells than mice transplanted with wild-type or Jnk2(-/-) cells. Moreover, genetic ablation of JNK to a single allele (Jnk1(+/-)/Jnk2(-/-) or Jnk1(-/-)/Jnk2(+/-)) in marrow of Ldlr(-/-) recipients further increased atherosclerosis compared with Jnk1(-/-)→Ldlr(-/-) and wild-type→Ldlr(-/-) mice. In mouse macrophages, anisomycin-mediated JNK signaling antagonized Akt activity, and loss of Jnk1 gene obliterated this effect. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of JNK1, but not JNK2, markedly reduced the antagonizing effect of JNK on Akt activity. Prolonged JNK signaling in the setting of endoplasmic reticulum stress gradually extinguished Akt and Bad activity in wild-type cells with markedly less effects in Jnk1(-/-) macrophages, which were also more resistant to apoptosis. Consequently, anisomycin increased and JNK1 inhibitors suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages. We also found that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog abolished the JNK-mediated effects on Akt activity, indicating that phosphatase and tensin homolog mediates crosstalk between these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Jnk1, but not Jnk2, in macrophages protects them from apoptosis, increasing cell survival, and this accelerates early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Babaev
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.).
| | - Michele Yeung
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Ebru Erbay
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Lei Ding
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Youmin Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - James M May
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.).
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Wang C, Roy S, Shen J. Purinergic P2Y2 Receptor Control of Tissue Factor Transcription in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells: NEW AP-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SITE AND NEGATIVE REGULATOR. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1553-1563. [PMID: 26631725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) is the predominant nucleotide receptor expressed in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and that P2Y2R activation by ATP or UTP induces dramatic up-regulation of tissue factor (TF), a key initiator of the coagulation cascade. However, the molecular mechanism of this P2Y2R-TF axis remains unclear. Here, we report the role of a newly identified AP-1 consensus sequence in the TF gene promoter and its original binding components in P2Y2R regulation of TF transcription. Using bioinformatics tools, we found that a novel AP-1 site at -1363 bp of the human TF promoter region is highly conserved across multiple species. Activation of P2Y2R increased TF promoter activity and mRNA expression in HCAEC. Truncation, deletion, and mutation of this distal AP-1 site all significantly suppressed TF promoter activity in response to P2Y2R activation. EMSA and ChIP assays further confirmed that upon P2Y2R activation, c-Jun, ATF-2, and Fra-1, but not the typical c-Fos, bound to the new AP-1 site. In addition, loss-of-function studies using siRNAs confirmed a positive transactivation role of c-Jun and ATF-2 but unexpectedly revealed a strong negative role of Fra-1 in P2Y2R-induced TF up-regulation. Furthermore, we found that P2Y2R activation promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation through Src, leading to Fra-1 activation, whereas Rho/JNK mediated P2Y2R-induced activation of c-Jun and ATF-2. These findings reveal the molecular basis for P2Y G protein-coupled receptor control of endothelial TF expression and indicate that targeting the P2Y2R-Fra-1-TF pathway may be an attractive new strategy for controlling vascular inflammation and thrombogenicity associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Liu
- From the Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- From the Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Chuan Wang
- From the Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Shama Roy
- From the Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- From the Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849.
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17
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Pest MA, Pest CA, Bellini MR, Feng Q, Beier F. Deletion of Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 Does Not Predispose Mice to Increased Spontaneous Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142822. [PMID: 26562438 PMCID: PMC4643037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with poorly understood etiology and pathobiology. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38 play important roles in the mediation of downstream pathways involved in cartilage degenerative processes. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) dephosphorylates the threonine/serine and tyrosine sites on ERK and p38, causing deactivation of downstream signalling. In this study we examined the role of DUSP1 in spontaneous OA development at 21 months of age using a genetically modified mouse model deficient in Dusp1 (DUSP1 knockout mouse). RESULTS Utilizing histochemical stains of paraffin embedded knee joint sections in DUSP1 knockout and wild type female and male mice, we showed similar structural progression of cartilage degeneration associated with OA at 21 months of age. A semi-quantitative cartilage degeneration scoring system also demonstrated similar scores in the various aspects of the knee joint articular cartilage in DUSP1 knockout and control mice. Examination of overall articular cartilage thickness in the knee joint demonstrated similar results between DUSP1 knockout and wild type mice. Immunostaining for cartilage neoepitopes DIPEN, TEGE and C1,2C was similar in the cartilage lesion sites and chondrocyte pericellular matrix of both experimental groups. Likewise, immunostaining for phosphoERK and MMP13 showed similar intensity and localization between groups. SOX9 immunostaining demonstrated a decreased number of positive cells in DUSP1 knockout mice, with correspondingly decreased staining intensity. Analysis of animal walking patterns (gait) did not show a discernable difference between groups. CONCLUSION Loss of DUSP1 does not cause changes in cartilage degeneration and gait in a mouse model of spontaneous OA at 21 months of age. Altered staining was observed in SOX9 immunostaining which may prove promising for future studies examining the role of DUSPs in cartilage and OA, as well as models of post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andrew Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Alice Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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18
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Elliott KJ, Eguchi S. Phosphorylation Regulation by Kinases and Phosphatases in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Borst O, Schaub M, Walker B, Schmid E, Münzer P, Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Rodríguez JM, Vogel S, Schoenberger T, Metzger K, Rath D, Umbach A, Kuhl D, Müller II, Seizer P, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Lang F. Pivotal Role of Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 in Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:547-57. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease of arterial vessel walls, requires migration and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9–dependent invasion of monocytes/macrophages into the vascular wall. MMP-9 expression is stimulated by transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, which is regulated by inhibitor κB (IκB) and thus IκB kinase. Regulators of nuclear factor-κB include serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). The present study explored involvement of SGK1 in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis.
Approach and Results—
Gene-targeted apolipoprotein E (ApoE)–deficient mice without (
apoe
−/−
sgk1
+/+
) or with (
apoe
−/−
sgk1
−/−
) additional SGK1 knockout received 16-week cholesterol-rich diet. According to immunohistochemistry atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and carotid artery, vascular CD45
+
leukocyte infiltration, Mac-3
+
macrophage infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell content, MMP-2, and MMP-9 positive areas in atherosclerotic tissue were significantly less in
apoe
−/−
sgk1
−/−
mice than in
apoe
−/−
sgk1
+/+
mice. As determined by Boyden chamber, thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and air pouch model, migration of SGK1-deficient CD11b
+
F4/80
+
macrophages was significantly diminished in vitro and in vivo. Zymographic MMP-2 and MMP-9 production, MMP-9 activity and invasion through matrigel in vitro were significantly less in
sgk1
−/−
than in
sgk1
+/+
macrophages and in control plasmid–transfected or inactive
K127N
SGK1-transfected than in constitutively active
S422D
SGK1-transfected THP-1 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed reduced macrophage number and macrophage MMP-9 content in plaques of
apoe
−/−
sgk1
−/−
mice. In THP-1 cells, MMP-inhibitor GM6001 (25 μmol/L) abrogated
S422D
SGK1-induced MMP-9 production and invasion. According to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, MMP-9 transcript levels were significantly reduced in
sgk1
−/−
macrophages and strongly upregulated in
S422D
SGK1-transfected THP-1 cells compared with control plasmid–transfected or
K127N
SGK1-transfected THP-1 cells. According to immunoblotting and confocal microscopy, phosphorylation of IκB kinase and inhibitor κB and nuclear translocation of p50 were significantly lower in
sgk1
−/−
macrophages than in
sgk1
+/+
macrophages and significantly higher in
S422D
SGK1-transfected THP-1 cells than in control plasmid–transfected or
K127N
SGK1-transfected THP-1 cells. Treatment of
S422D
SGK1-transfected THP-1 cells with IκB kinase-inhibitor BMS-345541 (10 μmol/L) abolished
S422D
SGK1-induced increase of MMP-9 transcription and gelatinase activity.
Conclusions—
SGK1 plays a pivotal role in vascular inflammation during atherogenesis. SGK1 participates in the regulation of monocyte/macrophage migration and MMP-9 transcription via regulation of nuclear factor-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Borst
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Malte Schaub
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Britta Walker
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Evi Schmid
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Patrick Münzer
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - José M. Rodríguez
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Tanja Schoenberger
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Katja Metzger
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Dominik Rath
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Anja Umbach
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Iris I. Müller
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Peter Seizer
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Tobias Geisler
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
| | - Florian Lang
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (O.B., M.S., S.V., T.S., K.M., D.R., I.I.M., P.S., T.G., M.G.), Department of Physiology (O.B., B.W., E.S., P.M., J.V., I.A., A.U., F.L.), Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital (E.S.), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University of New York (J.M.R.); and Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular and
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20
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LI CHANGYI, YANG LINGCHAO, GUO KAI, WANG YUEPENG, LI YIGANG. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: A critical phosphatase manipulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in cardiovascular disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1095-102. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Yang H, Liu HP, Weng D, Ge BX. IL-10 negatively regulates oxLDL-P38 pathway inhibited macrophage emigration. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:590-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Bryan MT, Duckles H, Feng S, Hsiao ST, Kim HR, Serbanovic-Canic J, Evans PC. Mechanoresponsive networks controlling vascular inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2199-205. [PMID: 24947523 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries that develops preferentially at branches and bends that are exposed to disturbed blood flow. Vascular function is modified by flow, in part, via the generation of mechanical forces that alter multiple physiological processes in endothelial cells. Shear stress has profound effects on vascular inflammation; high uniform shear stress prevents leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall by reducing endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and other inflammatory proteins, whereas low oscillatory shear stress has the opposite effects. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that underpin the effects of shear stress on endothelial inflammatory responses. They include shear stress regulation of inflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling. High shear suppresses these pathways through the induction of several negative regulators of inflammation, whereas low shear promotes inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, we summarize recent studies indicating that inflammatory signaling is highly sensitive to pulse wave frequencies, magnitude, and direction of flow. Finally, the importance of systems biology approaches (including omics studies and functional screening) to identify novel mechanosensitive pathways is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Bryan
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Duckles
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shuang Feng
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah T Hsiao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hyejeong R Kim
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Evans
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Amini N, Boyle JJ, Moers B, Warboys CM, Malik TH, Zakkar M, Francis SE, Mason JC, Haskard DO, Evans PC. Requirement of JNK1 for endothelial cell injury in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:613-8. [PMID: 24956536 PMCID: PMC4104040 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family regulates fundamental physiological processes including apoptosis and metabolism. Although JNK2 is known to promote foam cell formation during atherosclerosis, the potential role of JNK1 is uncertain. We examined the potential influence of JNK1 and its negative regulator, MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), on endothelial cell (EC) injury and early lesion formation using hypercholesterolemic LDLR−/− mice. Methods and results To assess the function of JNK1 in early atherogenesis, we measured EC apoptosis and lesion formation in LDLR−/− or LDLR−/−/JNK1−/− mice exposed to a high fat diet for 6 weeks. En face staining using antibodies that recognise active, cleaved caspase-3 (apoptosis) or using Sudan IV (lipid deposition) revealed that genetic deletion of JNK1 reduced EC apoptosis and lesion formation in hypercholesterolemic mice. By contrast, although EC apoptosis was enhanced in LDLR−/−/MKP-1−/− mice compared to LDLR−/− mice, lesion formation was unaltered. Conclusion We conclude that JNK1 is required for EC apoptosis and lipid deposition during early atherogenesis. Thus pharmacological inhibitors of JNK may reduce atherosclerosis by preventing EC injury as well as by influencing foam cell formation. We studied the role of JNK1 MAP kinase in atherosclerosis. JNK1 was required for endothelial cell apoptosis and lesion formation. An interaction between flow, JNK1 activity and endothelial injury was detected. Targeting of JNK1 may have clinical utility to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Amini
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Joseph J Boyle
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Britta Moers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christina M Warboys
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Talat H Malik
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Dorian O Haskard
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
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24
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Ríos P, Nunes-Xavier CE, Tabernero L, Köhn M, Pulido R. Dual-specificity phosphatases as molecular targets for inhibition in human disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2251-73. [PMID: 24206177 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a heterogeneous group of cysteine-based protein tyrosine phosphatases, whose members exert a pivotal role in cell physiology by dephosphorylation of phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine residues from proteins, as well as other non-proteinaceous substrates. RECENT ADVANCES A picture is emerging in which a selected group of DUSP enzymes display overexpression or hyperactivity that is associated with human disease, especially human cancer, making feasible targeted therapy approaches based on their inhibition. A panoply of molecular and functional studies on DUSPs have been performed in the previous years, and drug-discovery efforts are ongoing to develop specific and efficient DUSP enzyme inhibitors. This review summarizes the current status on inhibitory compounds targeting DUSPs that belong to the MAP kinase phosphatases-, small-sized atypical-, and phosphatases of regenerating liver subfamilies, whose inhibition could be beneficial for the prevention or mitigation of human disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Achieving specificity, potency, and bioavailability are the major challenges in the discovery of DUSP inhibitors for the clinics. Clinical validation of compounds or alternative inhibitory strategies of DUSP inhibition has yet to come. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further work is required to understand the dual role of many DUSPs in human cancer, their function-structure properties, and to identify their physiologic substrates. This will help in the implementation of therapies based on DUSPs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- 1 Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Hahn RT, Hoppstädter J, Hirschfelder K, Hachenthal N, Diesel B, Kessler SM, Huwer H, Kiemer AK. Downregulation of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) promotes vascular inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:391-400. [PMID: 24747114 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) represents an anti-inflammatory mediator, whose downregulation has been described in various inflammatory processes. Aim of our study was to decipher the regulation of GILZ in vascular inflammation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Degenerated aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts (n = 15), which exhibited inflammatory cell activation as determined by enhanced monocyte chemoattractrant protein 1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression, showed significantly diminished GILZ protein and mRNA levels compared to healthy veins (n = 23). GILZ was also downregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and macrophages upon treatment with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in a tristetraprolin (ZFP36, TTP)- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner. To assess the functional implications of decreased GILZ expression, we determined NF-κB activation after GILZ knockdown by siRNA and found that NF-κB activity and inflammatory gene expression were significantly enhanced. Importantly, ZFP36 is induced in TNF-α-activated HUVEC as well as in degenerated vein bypasses. When atheroprotective laminar shear stress was employed, GILZ levels in HUVEC increased on mRNA and protein level. Laminar flow also counteracted TNF-α-induced ZFP36 expression and GILZ downregulation. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1, DUSP1), a negative regulator of ZFP36 expression, was distinctly upregulated under laminar shear stress conditions and downregulated in degenerated vein bypasses. CONCLUSION Our data show a diminished expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator GILZ in the inflamed vasculature and indicate that GILZ downregulation requires the mRNA binding protein ZFP36. We suggest that reduced GILZ levels play a role in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Hahn
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hirschfelder
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Nina Hachenthal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Britta Diesel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Völklingen Heart Centre, Völklingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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26
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Ma W, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhang L, Crocker L, Shen J. Atorvastatin inhibits CXCR7 induction to reduce macrophage migration. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:99-108. [PMID: 24582769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that CXCR7, the alternate high affinity SDF-1 receptor, is induced during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, leading to increased macrophage phagocytosis linked to atherosclerosis. Statins, the most widely used medications for atherosclerosis, were shown to have pleiotropic beneficial effects independent of their cholesterol-lowering activity. This study aimed to determine whether induction of CXCR7 during macrophage differentiation is inhibited by statins and its significance on macrophage physiology. Here we show for the first time that atorvastatin dose-dependently inhibited CXCR7 mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 macrophages, without affecting the other SDF-1 receptor, CXCR4. Pharmacotherapy relevant dose of atorvastatin affected neither cell viability nor macrophage differentiation. Suppression of CXCR7 expression was completely reversed by supplementation with mevalonate. Inhibition of squalene synthase, the enzyme committed to cholesterol biosynthesis, also decreased CXCR7 induction, albeit not as efficacious as atorvastatin. However, the geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, GGTI-286, the farnesyl transferase inhibitor, FTI-276, and the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, all failed to mimic the effect of atorvastatin, suggesting that the protein prenylation pathways are not critical for atorvastatin inhibition of CXCR7 induction. Interestingly, the dramatic effect of atorvastatin was only partially mimicked by other statins including pravastatin, fluvastatin, mevastatin, and simvastatin. Furthermore, activation of CXCR7 by SDF-1, TC14012, or I-TAC all prompted macrophage migration, which was significantly suppressed by atorvastatin treatment, but not by the CXCR4 antagonist. We conclude that atorvastatin modulates macrophage migration by down-regulating CXCR7 expression, suggesting a new CXCR7-dependent mechanism of atorvastatin to benefit atherosclerosis treatment beyond its lipid lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Ma
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Laura Crocker
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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27
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Boerckel JD, Chandrasekharan UM, Waitkus MS, Tillmaand EG, Bartlett R, Dicorleto PE. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 promotes neovascularization and angiogenic gene expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1020-31. [PMID: 24578378 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels through endothelial cell sprouting. This process requires the mitogen-activated protein kinases, signaling molecules that are negatively regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in neovascularization in vivo and identify associated mechanisms in endothelial cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used murine hindlimb ischemia as a model system to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in angiogenic growth, remodeling, and arteriogenesis in vivo. Genomic deletion of MKP-1 blunted angiogenesis in the distal hindlimb and microvascular arteriogenesis in the proximal hindlimb. In vitro, endothelial MKP-1 depletion/deletion abrogated vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration and tube formation, and reduced proliferation. These observations establish MKP-1 as a positive mediator of angiogenesis and contrast with the canonical function of MKP-1 as a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, implying an alternative mechanism for MKP-1-mediated angiogenesis. Cloning and sequencing of MKP-1-bound chromatin identified localization of MKP-1 to exonic DNA of the angiogenic chemokine fractalkine, and MKP-1 depletion reduced histone H3 serine 10 dephosphorylation on this DNA locus and blocked fractalkine expression. In vivo, MKP-1 deletion abrogated ischemia-induced fractalkine expression and macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltration in distal hindlimbs, whereas fractalkine delivery to ischemic hindlimbs rescued the effect of MKP-1 deletion on neovascular hindlimb recovery. CONCLUSIONS MKP-1 promoted angiogenic and arteriogenic neovascular growth, potentially through dephosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 on coding-region DNA to control transcription of angiogenic genes, such as fractalkine. These observations reveal a novel function for MKP-1 and identify MKP-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Boerckel
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (J.D.B., U.M.C., M.S.W., E.G.T., R.B., P.E.D.); and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN (J.D.B.)
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Hoffmann MS, Singh P, Wolk R, Narkiewicz K, Somers VK. Obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxia increase expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:378-83. [PMID: 24267255 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) inhibits mitogen activated protein kinase activity, and is activated by several stimuli such as sustained hypoxia, oxidative stress, and hormones. However, the effect of intermittent hypoxia is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of intermittent hypoxia on DUSP1 expression, and to validate its role in a human model of intermittent hypoxia, as seen in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of hypoxemia/reoxygenation and is a known risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. METHODS In-vitro studies using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and ex-vivo studies using white blood cells isolated from healthy and OSA subjects. RESULTS Intermittent hypoxia induced DUSP1 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), and in granulocytes isolated from healthy human subjects. Functionally, DUSP1 increased the expression and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in HCAEC. Further, significant increases in DUSP1 mRNA from total blood, and in DUSP1 protein in mononuclear cells and granulocytes isolated from OSA subjects, were observed in the early morning hours after one night of intermittent hypoxemia due to untreated OSA. This early-morning OSA-induced augmentation of DUSP1 gene expression was attenuated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSA. CONCLUSION Intermittent hypoxia increases MnSOD activity via increased DUSP1 expression in HCAEC. Similarly, overnight intermittent hypoxemia in patients with OSA induces expression of DUSP1, which may mediate increases of MnSOD expression and activity. This may contribute significantly to neutralizing the effects of reactive oxygen species, a consequence of the intermittent hypoxemia/reperfusion elicited by OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal S Hoffmann
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Hypertension Unit, Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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30
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Maiwald S, Zwetsloot PP, Sivapalaratnam S, Dallinga-Thie GM. Monocyte gene expression and coronary artery disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013; 16:411-7. [PMID: 23739627 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32836236f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite current therapy, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CAD is the consequence of a complex array of deranged metabolic processes including the immune system. In this context, monocytes and macrophages are indisputable players. Thus, monocyte gene expression analysis could be a powerful tool to provide new insights in the pathophysiology of CAD and improve identification of individuals at risk. We discuss current literature assessing monocyte gene expression and its association with CAD. RECENT FINDINGS Monocyte surface markers CD14 ⁺⁺and CD16⁺ have been established as biomarkers for increased cardiovascular disease risk in a large number of studies. More in-depth gene expression analysis identified several interesting genes, such as ABCA1, CD36 and MSR1 with an increased expression in circulating monocytes from patients with CAD. The results for CD36 were replicated in one other study. For ABCA1 and MSR1 conflicting data are published. SUMMARY Recent findings indicate that genetic differences exist in circulating monocytes of patients suffering from CAD, giving us more insights into the underlying mechanisms. However, larger studies are required to prove that monocytes' expression signature could serve as a marker for diagnostic purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maiwald
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Ma W, Liu Y, Ellison N, Shen J. Induction of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) switches stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) signaling and phagocytic activity in macrophages linked to atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15481-94. [PMID: 23599431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of CXCR7 as a new receptor for SDF-1 places many previously described SDF-1 functions attributed to CXCR4 in question, though whether CXCR7 acts as a signaling or "decoy" receptor has been in debate. It is known that CXCR7 is not expressed in normal blood leukocytes; however, the potential role of leukocyte CXCR7 in disease states has not been addressed. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and function of macrophage CXCR7 linked to atherosclerosis. Here, we show that CXCR7 was detected in macrophage-positive area of aortic atheroma of ApoE-null mice, but not in healthy aorta. During monocyte differentiation to macrophages, CXCR7 was up-regulated at mRNA and protein levels, with more expression in M1 than in M2 phenotype. In addition, CXCR7 induction was associated with a SDF-1 signaling switch from the pro-survival ERK and AKT pathways in monocytes to the pro-inflammatory JNK and p38 pathways in macrophages. The latter effect was mimicked by a CXCR7-selective agonist TC14012 and abolished by siRNA knockdown of CXCR7. Furthermore, CXCR7 activation increased macrophage phagocytic activity, which was suppressed by CXCR7 siRNA silencing or by inhibiting either the JNK or p38 pathways, but was not affected by blocking CXCR4. Finally, activation of CXCR7 by I-TAC showed a similar signaling and phagocytic activity in macrophages with no detectable CXCR3. We conclude that CXCR7 is induced during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, which is required for SDF-1 and I-TAC signaling to JNK and p38 pathways, leading to enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, thus possibly contributing to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Ma
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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32
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Kim HS, Ullevig SL, Zamora D, Lee CF, Asmis R. Redox regulation of MAPK phosphatase 1 controls monocyte migration and macrophage recruitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E2803-12. [PMID: 22991462 PMCID: PMC3478659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212596109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytic adhesion and chemotaxis are regulated by MAPK pathways, which in turn are controlled by redox-sensitive MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). We recently reported that metabolic disorders prime monocytes for enhanced recruitment into vascular lesions by increasing monocytes' responsiveness to chemoattractants. However, the molecular details of this proatherogenic mechanism were not known. Here we show that monocyte priming results in the S-glutathionylation and subsequent inactivation and degradation of MKP-1. Chronic exposure of human THP-1 monocytes to diabetic conditions resulted in the loss of MKP-1 protein levels, the hyperactivation of ERK and p38 in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and increased monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. Knockdown of MKP-1 mimicked the priming effects of metabolic stress, whereas MKP-1 overexpression blunted both MAPK activation and monocyte adhesion and migration induced by MCP-1. Metabolic stress promoted the S-glutathionylation of MKP-1, targeting MKP-1 for proteasomal degradation. Preventing MKP-1 S-glutathionylation in metabolically stressed monocytes by overexpressing glutaredoxin 1 protected MKP-1 from degradation and normalized monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in response to MCP-1. Blood monocytes isolated from diabetic mice showed a 55% reduction in MKP-1 activity compared with nondiabetic mice. Hematopoietic MKP-1 deficiency in atherosclerosis-prone mice mimicked monocyte priming and dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, increased monocyte chemotaxis in vivo, and accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation. In conclusion, we identified MKP-1 as a central redox-sensitive regulator of monocyte adhesion and migration and showed that the loss of MKP-1 activity is a critical step in monocyte priming and the metabolic stress-induced conversion of blood monocytes into a proatherogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L. Ullevig
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3904
| | | | - Chi Fung Lee
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3904
| | - Reto Asmis
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3904
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34
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Diversity and specificity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:223-37. [PMID: 22695679 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The balance of protein phosphorylation is achieved through the actions of a family of protein serine/threonine kinases called the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The propagation of MAPK signals is attenuated through the actions of the MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). The MKPs specifically inactivate the MAPKs by direct dephosphorylation. The archetypal MKP family member, MKP-1 has garnered much of the attention amongst its ten other MKP family members. Initially viewed to play a redundant role in the control of MAPK signaling, it is now clear that MKP-1 exerts profound regulatory functions on the immune, metabolic, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. This review focuses on the physiological functions of MKP-1 that have been revealed using mouse genetic approaches. The implications from studies using MKP-1-deficient mice to uncover the role of MKP-1 in disease will be discussed.
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35
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Luo LJ, Liu F, Wang XY, Dai TY, Dai YL, Dong C, Ge BX. An essential function for MKP5 in the formation of oxidized low density lipid-induced foam cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1889-98. [PMID: 22683306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) by macrophages usually leads to the formation of lipid-laden macrophages known as "foam cells," and this process plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Ox-LDL activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinases and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and activations of p38 and NF-κB are important for the formation of foam cells. MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) 5 is a member of the dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) family that can selectively dephosphorylate activated MAPKs to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the role of MKP5 in the formation of foam cells remains unknown. Here, we found that stimulation of ox-LDL induces the expression of MKP5 in macrophages. MKP5 deficiency blocked the uptake of ox-LDL and the formation of foam cells. Further analysis revealed that deletion of MKP5 reduced the ox-LDL-induced activation of NF-κB. Also, MKP5 deficiency markedly inhibited the production of TNF-α, but enhanced the levels of TGF-β1 in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB by p65 RNAi significantly reduced foam cell formation in macrophages from WT mice relative to MKP5-deficient mice. Thus, MKP5 has an essential role in the formation of foam cells through activation of NF-κB, and MKP5 represents a novel target for the therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiading Central Hospital, China
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36
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Roth Flach RJ, Bennett AM. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 - a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 14:1323-32. [PMID: 21058921 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.528395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Metabolic disease, which is associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease, is a worldwide epidemic. There continues to be a tremendous effort towards the development of therapies to curtail obesity and its associated pathophysiological sequelae. MAPKs have been implicated in metabolic disease suggesting that these enzymes, and those that regulate them, can potentially serve as therapeutic targets to combat this disease. The MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) mediates the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAPKs in insulin-responsive tissues. Therefore, the actions of MKP-1 may play an important role in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The functional effects of MKP-1 in MAPK regulation with emphasis on its role in physiological and pathophysiological signaling functions that have been elucidated through the use of mouse genetics. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will learn that MAPK inactivation through the effects of MKP-1 is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. We will convey the idea that MKP-1 acts as a critical signaling node in MAPK-mediated regulation of cell signaling and metabolism. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Pharmacological inactivation of MKP-1 may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of obesity and possibly other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Roth Flach
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Imaizumi S, Grijalva V, Priceman S, Wu L, Su F, Farias-Eisner R, Hama S, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Reddy ST. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 deficiency decreases atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E null mice by reducing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 101:66-75. [PMID: 20619710 PMCID: PMC3037189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously reported that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression is necessary for oxidized phospholipids to induce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion by human aortic endothelial cells. We also reported that inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases including MKP-1 ameliorated atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to further investigate the specific role of MKP-1 in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated MKP-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) double-knockout mice. At 24weeks of age, the size, macrophage and dendritic cell content of atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic root were significantly lower ( approximately -41% for lesions and macrophages, and approximately -78% for dendritic cells) in MKP-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice when compared with apoE(-/-) mice. Total cholesterol (-18.4%, p=0.045) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-20.0%, p=0.052) levels were decreased in MKP-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice. Serum from MKP-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice contained significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and possessed significantly reduced capability to induce monocyte migration in vitro. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages isolated from MKP-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice produced significantly lower levels of MCP-1 when compared to peritoneal macrophages from apoE(-/-) mice. Furthermore, MKP-1(-/-)/apoE(-/-) mice had significantly reduced serum hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) levels, which have been reported to induce MCP-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that MKP-1 deficiency significantly decreases atherosclerotic lesion development in mice, in part, by affecting MCP-1 levels in the circulation and MCP-1 production by macrophages. MKP-1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Saul Priceman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Robin Farias-Eisner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Susan Hama
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Alan M. Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
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Chandrasekharan UM, Waitkus M, Kinney CM, Walters-Stewart A, DiCorleto PE. Synergistic induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 by thrombin and epidermal growth factor requires vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1983-9. [PMID: 20671228 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic response of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which is induced by thrombin and epidermal growth factor (EGF). METHODS AND RESULTS MKP-1 induction by thrombin (approximately 6-fold) was synergistically increased (approximately 18-fold) by cotreatment with EGF in cultured endothelial cells. EGF alone did not induce MKP-1 substantially (<2-fold). The synergistic induction of MKP-1 was not mediated by matrix metalloproteinases. The EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 blocked approximately 70% of MKP-1 induction by thrombin plus EGF (from 18- to 6-fold) but not the response to thrombin alone. An extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) signal was required for the thrombin alone effect; an ERK-independent PAR-1 signal was necessary for the approximately 12-fold MKP-1 induction by thrombin plus EGF. VEGF induction of MKP-1 was also approximately 12-fold and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) dependent. Inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and JNK activation blocked thrombin plus EGF-induced MKP-1 completely. Furthermore, VEGF receptor 2 depletion blocked the synergistic response without affecting the induction of MKP-1 by thrombin alone. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel signaling interaction between protease-activated receptor-1 and EGF receptor that is mediated by VEGF receptor 2 and results in synergistic MKP-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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