1
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Correale M, Tricarico L, Bevere EML, Chirivì F, Croella F, Severino P, Mercurio V, Magrì D, Dini F, Licordari R, Beltrami M, Dattilo G, Salzano A, Palazzuoli A. Circulating Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update. Biomolecules 2024; 14:552. [PMID: 38785959 PMCID: PMC11117582 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, RV remodeling, cellular hypoxia, metabolic imbalance, and thrombosis. These mechanisms are mediated by several pathways, involving molecules like nitric oxide and prostacyclin. PAH diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and right heart catheterization, confirming a value of mPAP ≥ 20 mmHg at rest and often elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Even if an early and accurate diagnosis is crucial, PAH still lacks effective biomarkers to assist in its diagnosis and prognosis. Biomarkers could contribute to arousing clinical suspicion and serve for prognosis prediction, risk stratification, and dynamic monitoring in patients with PAH. The aim of the present review is to report the main novelties on new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.T.); (E.M.L.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.T.); (E.M.L.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.T.); (E.M.L.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Croella
- Cardiothoracic Vascular Department, Division of Provincial Cardiology, Santissima Annunziata Hospital and Delta Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Mercurio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, “Sapienza” Università degli Studi di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frank Dini
- Istituto Auxologico IRCCS, Centro Medico Sant’Agostino, Via Temperanza, 6, 20127 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roberto Licordari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Matteo Beltrami
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Dattilo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Cardiology Unit, AORN A Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Palazzuoli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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2
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Yang C, Sun M, Yang Y, Han Y, Wu X, Wu X, Cao H, Chen L, Lei Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Li J, Shu X, Yang Z, Lu K, Li Y, Wang X, Yi B. Elevated circulating BMP9 aggravates pulmonary angiogenesis in hepatopulmonary syndrome rats through ALK1-Endoglin-Smad1/5/9 signalling. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14212. [PMID: 38591651 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a hepatokine that plays a pivotal role in the progression of liver diseases. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have shown that BMP9 is associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), but its role in HPS is unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of CBDL on BMP9 expression and investigated potential mechanisms of BMP9 signalling in HPS. METHODS We profiled the circulating BMP9 levels in common bile duct ligation-induced HPS rat model, and then investigated the effects and mechanisms of HPS rat serum on pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat model, as well as in primarily cultured rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Our data revealed that circulating BMP9 levels were significantly increased in the HPS rats compared to control group. Besides, the elevated BMP9 in HPS rat serum was not only crucial for promoting endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation through the activin receptor-like kinase1 (ALK1)-Endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway, but also important for accumulation of monocytes. Treatments with ALK1-Fc or silencing ALK1 expression to inhibit the BMP9 signalling pathway effectively eliminated these effects. In agreement with these observations, increased circulating BMP9 was associated with an increase in lung vessel density and accumulation of pro-angiogenic monocytes in the microvasculature in HPS rats. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence that elevated circulating BMP9, secreted from the liver, promote pulmonary angiogenesis in HPS rats via ALK1-Endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway. In addition, BMP9-regulated pathways are also involved in accumulation of pro-angiogenic monocytes in the pulmonary microvasculature in HPS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huilin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Sakata N. The anti-inflammatory effect of metformin: The molecular targets. Genes Cells 2024; 29:183-191. [PMID: 38311861 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug. Metformin mainly inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver and reduces blood sugar. In addition to the anti-diabetic effects, many studies have revealed that metformin has anti-inflammatory effects. Various molecules were suggested to be the target of the metformin's anti-inflammatory effects. However, the conclusion is not clear. Metformin is related to a number of molecules and the identification of the main target in anti-inflammatory effects leads to the understanding of inflammation and metformin. In this article, I discuss each suggested molecule, involved mechanisms, and their relationship with various diseases.
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Sharma S, Ehrlich M, Zhang M, Blobe GC, Henis YI. NRP1 interacts with endoglin and VEGFR2 to modulate VEGF signaling and endothelial cell sprouting. Commun Biol 2024; 7:112. [PMID: 38242992 PMCID: PMC10799020 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells express neuropilin 1 (NRP1), endoglin (ENG) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which regulate VEGF-A-mediated vascular development and angiogenesis. However, the link between complex formation among these receptors with VEGF-A-induced signaling and biology is yet unclear. Here, we quantify surface receptor interactions by IgG-mediated immobilization of one receptor, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements of the mobility of another coexpressed receptor. We observe stable ENG/NRP1, ENG/VEGFR2, and NRP1/VEGFR2 complexes, which are enhanced by VEGF-A. ENG augments NRP1/VEGFR2 interactions, suggesting formation of tripartite complexes bridged by ENG. Effects on signaling are measured in murine embryonic endothelial cells expressing (MEEC+/+) or lacking (MEEC-/-) ENG, along with NRP1 and/or ENG overexpression or knockdown. We find that optimal VEGF-A-mediated phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and Erk1/2 requires ENG and NRP1. ENG or NRP1 increase VEGF-A-induced sprouting, becoming optimal in cells expressing all three receptors, and both processes are inhibited by a MEK1/2 inhibitor. We propose a model where the maximal potency of VEGF-A involves a tripartite complex where ENG bridges VEGFR2 and NRP1, providing an attractive therapeutic target for modulation of VEGF-A signaling and biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gerard C Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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5
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Wu J, Cheng X, Wu J, Chen J, Pei X. The development of magnesium-based biomaterials in bone tissue engineering: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35326. [PMID: 37861271 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a vital clinical challenge in massive or complicated bone defects. Recently, bone tissue engineering has come to the fore to meet the demand for bone repair with various innovative materials. However, the reported materials usually cannot satisfy the requirements, such as ideal mechanical and osteogenic properties, as well as biocompatibility at the same time. Mg-based biomaterials have considerable potential in bone tissue engineering owing to their excellent mechanical strength and biosafety. Moreover, the biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of Mg-based biomaterials have been the research focuses in recent years. The main limitation faced in the applications of Mg-based biomaterials is rapid degradation, which can produce excessive Mg2+ and hydrogen, affecting the healing of the bone defect. In order to overcome the limitations, researchers have explored several ways to improve the properties of Mg-based biomaterials, including alloying, surface modification with coatings, and synthesizing other composite materials to control the degradation rate upon implantation. This article reviewed the osteogenic mechanism and requirement for appropriate degradation rate and focused on current progress in the biomedical use of Mg-based biomaterials to inspire more clinical applications of Mg in bone regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jicenyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Reynolds CD, Caton MT, Baker A, Smith ER, Amans MR, Cooke DL, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Gupta N, Abla AA, Auguste K, Fox CH, Fullerton H, Hetts SW. Clarifying the clinical landscape of pediatric spinal arteriovenous shunts: an institutional experience and individual patient-data meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 16:94-100. [PMID: 36922033 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric spinal arteriovenous shunts (SAVS) are rare lesions with heterogeneous pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical characteristics, angioarchitecture, and technical/clinical outcomes in SAVS through a large single-center cohort analysis and meta-analysis of individual patient data. METHODS A retrospective institutional database identified children (aged 0-21 years) who underwent digital subtraction spinal angiography (DSA) for SAVS between January 1996 and July 2021. Clinical data were recorded to evaluate angioarchitecture, generate modified Aminoff-Logue gait disturbance scores (AL) and McCormick grades (MC), and assess outcomes. We then performed a systematic literature review following PRISMA-IPD (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for individual patient data) guidelines, extracting similar data on individual patients for meta-analysis. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 28 children (M:F=11:17) with 32 SAVS lesions, with a mean age of 12.8±1.1 years at diagnosis. At presentation, SAVS were most highly concentrated in the cervical region (40.6%). Children had a median AL=2 and MC=2, with thoracolumbar AVS carrying the greatest disability. Among treated cases, complete obliteration was achieved in 48% of cases and median AL scores and MC grades both improved by one point. Systematic literature review identified 161 children (M:F=96:65) with 166 SAVS lesions with a mean age of 8.7±0.4 years. Among studies describing symptom chronicity, 37/51 (72.5%) of children presented acutely. At presentation, children had a median AL=4 and MC=3, with thoracolumbar AVS carrying the highest MC grades. After intervention, median AL and MC both improved by one point. CONCLUSIONS This study provides epidemiologic information on the location, onset, and presentation of the full spectrum of pediatric SAVS, highlighting the role of targeted treatment of high-risk features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner D Reynolds
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - M Travis Caton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda Baker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric R Smith
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew R Amans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel L Cooke
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher F Dowd
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Randall T Higashida
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adib A Abla
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kurtis Auguste
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christine H Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Heather Fullerton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Richardson L, Wilcockson SG, Guglielmi L, Hill CS. Context-dependent TGFβ family signalling in cell fate regulation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:876-894. [PMID: 37596501 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family are a large group of evolutionarily conserved cytokines whose signalling modulates cell fate decision-making across varying cellular contexts at different stages of life. Here we discuss new findings in early embryos that reveal how, in contrast to our original understanding of morphogen interpretation, robust cell fate specification can originate from a noisy combination of signalling inputs and a broad range of signalling levels. We compare this evidence with novel findings on the roles of TGFβ family signalling in tissue maintenance and homeostasis during juvenile and adult life, spanning the skeletal, haemopoietic and immune systems. From these comparisons, it emerges that in contrast to robust developing systems, relatively small perturbations in TGFβ family signalling have detrimental effects at later stages in life, leading to aberrant cell fate specification and disease, for example in cancer or congenital disorders. Finally, we highlight novel strategies to target and amend dysfunction in signalling and discuss how gleaning knowledge from different fields of biology can help in the development of therapeutics for aberrant TGFβ family signalling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Richardson
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Scott G Wilcockson
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Luca Guglielmi
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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8
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Wits M, Becher C, de Man F, Sanchez-Duffhues G, Goumans MJ. Sex-biased TGFβ signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2262-2277. [PMID: 37595264 PMCID: PMC10597641 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disorder leading to pulmonary hypertension and, often fatal, right heart failure. Sex differences in PAH are evident, which primarily presents with a female predominance and increased male severity. Disturbed signalling of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family and gene mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are risk factors for PAH development, but how sex-specific cues affect the TGFβ family signalling in PAH remains poorly understood. In this review, we aim to explore the sex bias in PAH by examining sex differences in the TGFβ signalling family through mechanistical and translational evidence. Sex hormones including oestrogens, progestogens, and androgens, can determine the expression of receptors (including BMPR2), ligands, and soluble antagonists within the TGFβ family in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, sex-related genetic processes, i.e. Y-chromosome expression and X-chromosome inactivation, can influence the TGFβ signalling family at multiple levels. Given the clinical and mechanistical similarities, we expect that the conclusions arising from this review may apply also to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a rare vascular disorder affecting the TGFβ signalling family pathway. In summary, we anticipate that investigating the TGFβ signalling family in a sex-specific manner will contribute to further understand the underlying processes leading to PAH and likely HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Wits
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clarissa Becher
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frances de Man
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) (Vrije Universiteit), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Thompson M, Sakabe M, Verba M, Hao J, Meadows SM, Lu QR, Xin M. PRDM16 regulates arterial development and vascular integrity. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165379. [PMID: 37324380 PMCID: PMC10267475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper vascular formation is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling promotes endothelial proliferation. Notch and its downstream targets act to lead endothelial cells toward an arterial fate through regulation of arterial gene expression. However, the mechanisms of how endothelial cells (ECs) in the artery maintain their arterial characteristics remain unclear. Here, we show that PRDM16 (positive regulatory domain-containing protein 16), a zinc finger transcription factor, is expressed in arterial ECs, but not venous ECs in developing embryos and neonatal retinas. Endothelial-specific deletion of Prdm16 induced ectopic venous marker expression in the arterial ECs and reduced vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) recruitment around arteries. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis using isolated brain ECs show that the expression of Angpt2 (encoding ANGIOPOIETIN2, which inhibits vSMC recruitment) is upregulated in the Prdm16 knockout ECs. Conversely, forced expression of PRDM16 in venous ECs is sufficient to induce arterial gene expression and repress the ANGPT2 level. Together, these results reveal an arterial cell-autonomous function for PRDM16 in suppressing venous characteristics in arterial ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thompson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Masahide Sakabe
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mark Verba
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jiukuan Hao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stryder M. Meadows
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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10
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Ung TH, Belanger K, Hashmi A, Sekar V, Meola A, Chang SD. Microenvironment changes in arteriovenous malformations after stereotactic radiation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:982190. [PMID: 36590065 PMCID: PMC9797682 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.982190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations are dysplastic vascular tangles with aberrant vascular dynamics and can result significant morbidity and mortality. A myriad of challenges are encountered when treating these lesions and are largely based on nidal size, location, and prior hemorrhage. Currently, stereotactic radiosurgery is an accepted form of treatment for small to medium sized lesions and is especially useful in the treatment of lesions in non-surgically assessable eloquent areas of the brain. Despite overall high rates of nidal obliteration, there is relatively limited understand on the mechanisms that drive the inflammatory and obliterative pathways observed after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery. This review provides an overview of arteriovenous malformations with respect to stereotactic radiosurgery and the current understanding of the mechanisms that lead to nidal obliteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H. Ung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy H. Ung
| | - Katherine Belanger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ayesha Hashmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Vashisht Sekar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Meola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Steven D. Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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11
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Mitochondrial dysfunction induces ALK5-SMAD2-mediated hypovascularization and arteriovenous malformations in mouse retinas. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7637. [PMID: 36496409 PMCID: PMC9741628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial activity is critical for angiogenesis, its mechanism is not entirely clear. Here we show that mice with endothelial deficiency of any one of the three nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins, transcriptional factor (TFAM), respiratory complex IV component (COX10), or redox protein thioredoxin 2 (TRX2), exhibit retarded retinal vessel growth and arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Single-cell RNA-seq analyses indicate that retinal ECs from the three mutant mice have increased TGFβ signaling and altered gene expressions associated with vascular maturation and extracellular matrix, correlating with vascular malformation and increased basement membrane thickening in microvesels of mutant retinas. Mechanistic studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction from Tfam, Cox10, or Trx2 depletion induces a mitochondrial localization and MAPKs-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2, leading to enhanced ALK5-SMAD2 signaling. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of ALK5 signaling or genetic deficiency of SMAD2 prevented retinal vessel growth retardation and AVM in all three mutant mice. Our studies uncover a novel mechanism whereby mitochondrial dysfunction via the ALK5-SMAD2 signaling induces retinal vascular malformations, and have therapeutic values for the alleviation of angiogenesis-associated human retinal diseases.
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12
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Renteria M, Belkin O, Aickareth J, Jang D, Hawwar M, Zhang J. Zinc's Association with the CmPn/CmP Signaling Network in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1672. [PMID: 36421686 PMCID: PMC9687477 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that serum and cellular concentrations of zinc are altered in breast cancer patients. Specifically, there are notable zinc hyper-aggregates in breast tumor cells when compared to normal mammary epithelial cells. However, the mechanisms responsible for zinc accumulation and the consequences of zinc dysregulation are poorly understood. In this review, we detailed cellular zinc regulation/dysregulation under the influence of varying levels of sex steroids and breast cancer tumorigenesis to try to better understand the intricate relationship between these factors based on our current understanding of the CmPn/CmP signaling network. We also made some efforts to propose a relationship between zinc signaling and the CmPn/CmP signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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13
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Eisa-Beygi S, Burrows PE, Link BA. Endothelial cilia dysfunction in pathogenesis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1037453. [PMID: 36438574 PMCID: PMC9686338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1037453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is associated with defective capillary network, leading to dilated superficial vessels and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in which arteries connect directly to the veins. Loss or haploinsufficiency of components of TGF-β signaling, ALK1, ENG, SMAD4, and BMP9, have been implicated in the pathogenesis AVMs. Emerging evidence suggests that the inability of endothelial cells to detect, transduce and respond to blood flow, during early development, is an underpinning of AVM pathogenesis. Therefore, components of endothelial flow detection may be instrumental in potentiating TGF-β signaling in perfused blood vessels. Here, we argue that endothelial cilium, a microtubule-based and flow-sensitive organelle, serves as a signaling hub by coupling early flow detection with potentiation of the canonical TGF-β signaling in nascent endothelial cells. Emerging evidence from animal models suggest a role for primary cilia in mediating vascular development. We reason, on recent observations, that endothelial cilia are crucial for vascular development and that embryonic loss of endothelial cilia will curtail TGF-β signaling, leading to associated defects in arteriovenous development and impaired vascular stability. Loss or dysfunction of endothelial primary cilia may be implicated in the genesis of AVMs due, in part, to inhibition of ALK1/SMAD4 signaling. We speculate that AVMs constitute part of the increasing spectrum of ciliopathy-associated vascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Patricia E. Burrows
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian A. Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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14
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Wang C, Xing Y, Zhang J, He M, Dong J, Chen S, Wu H, Huang HY, Chou CH, Bai L, He F, She J, Su A, Wang Y, Thistlethwaite PA, Huang HD, Yuan JXJ, Yuan ZY, Shyy JYJ. MED1 Regulates BMP/TGF-β in Endothelium: Implication for Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2022; 131:828-841. [PMID: 36252121 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) or TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling pathways are imperative in idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as well as experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rodent models. MED1 (mediator complex subunit 1) is a key transcriptional co-activator and KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) is a master transcription factor in endothelium. However, MED1 and KLF4 epigenetic and transcriptional regulations of the BMP/TGF-β axes in pulmonary endothelium and their dysregulations leading to PAH remain elusive. We investigate the MED1/KLF4 co-regulation of the BMP/TGF-β axes in endothelium by studying the epigenetic regulation of BMPR2 (BMP receptor type II), ETS-related gene (ERG), and TGFBR2 (TGF-β receptor 2) and their involvement in the PH. METHODS High-throughput screening involving data from RNA-seq, MED1 ChIP-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture together with in silico computations were used to explore the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 by MED1 and KLF4. In vitro experiments with cultured pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (ECs) and bulk assays were used to validate results from these in silico analyses. Lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH, animals with experimental PH, and mice with endothelial ablation of MED1 (EC-MED1-/-) were used to study the PH-protective effect of MED1. RESULTS Levels of MED1 were decreased in lung tissue or pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from idiopathic PAH patients and rodent PH models. Mechanistically, MED1 acted synergistically with KLF4 to transactivate BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 via chromatin remodeling and enhancer-promoter interactions. EC-MED1-/- mice showed PH susceptibility. In contrast, MED1 overexpression mitigated the PH phenotype in rodents. CONCLUSIONS A homeostatic regulation of BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 in ECs by MED1 synergistic with KLF4 is essential for the normal function of the pulmonary endothelium. Dysregulation of MED1 and the resulting impairment of the BMP/TGF-β signaling is implicated in the disease progression of PAH in humans and PH in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Ming He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Jianjie Dong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.).,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.)
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-H.C.)
| | - Liang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Fangzhou He
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Jianqing She
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Ailing Su
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (Y.W.)
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (P.A.T.)
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.).,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
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15
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Chavkin NW, Genet G, Poulet M, Jeffery ED, Marziano C, Genet N, Vasavada H, Nelson EA, Acharya BR, Kour A, Aragon J, McDonnell SP, Huba M, Sheynkman GM, Walsh K, Hirschi KK. Endothelial cell cycle state determines propensity for arterial-venous fate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5891. [PMID: 36202789 PMCID: PMC9537338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During blood vessel development, endothelial cells become specified toward arterial or venous fates to generate a circulatory network that provides nutrients and oxygen to, and removes metabolic waste from, all tissues. Arterial-venous specification occurs in conjunction with suppression of endothelial cell cycle progression; however, the mechanistic role of cell cycle state is unknown. Herein, using Cdh5-CreERT2;R26FUCCI2aR reporter mice, we find that venous endothelial cells are enriched for the FUCCI-Negative state (early G1) and BMP signaling, while arterial endothelial cells are enriched for the FUCCI-Red state (late G1) and TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, early G1 state is essential for BMP4-induced venous gene expression, whereas late G1 state is essential for TGF-β1-induced arterial gene expression. Pharmacologically induced cell cycle arrest prevents arterial-venous specification defects in mice with endothelial hyperproliferation. Collectively, our results show that distinct endothelial cell cycle states provide distinct windows of opportunity for the molecular induction of arterial vs. venous fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mathilde Poulet
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Erin D Jeffery
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Corina Marziano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Nafiisha Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hema Vasavada
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Anupreet Kour
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jordon Aragon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mahalia Huba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gloria M Sheynkman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Hematovascular Biology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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16
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Wei T, Richter GT, Zhang H, Sun RW, Smith CH, Strub GM. Extracranial arteriovenous malformations demonstrate dysregulated TGF-β/BMP signaling and increased circulating TGF-β1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16612. [PMID: 36198763 PMCID: PMC9534897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by anomalous arterial-to-venous connections, aberrant angiogenesis, local inflammation and hypoxia, and disorganized histological architecture; however, the precise molecular perturbations leading to this phenotype remain elusive. We hypothesized that extracranial AVM tissue would demonstrate deregulation of the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential target in the development of molecular-based therapies for AVMs. AVM tissue was harvested during resection from 10 patients with AVMs and compared to control tissue. Blood was collected from 14 AVM patients and 10 patients without AVMs as controls. Expression of TGF-β/BMP pathway components was analyzed using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Circulating levels of TGF-β1 were analyzed by ELISA. Paired t tests were utilized to perform statistical analysis. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, ALK1, Endoglin (ENG), Smad6, Smad7, and Smad8 were significantly elevated in AVM tissue when compared to controls. Protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were elevated in AVM tissue while protein levels of BMP-9, ALK1, Smad1, Smad6, and Smad8 were significantly decreased in AVMs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased TGF-β1 in the perivascular cells of AVMs compared to normal controls, and circulating levels of TGF-β1 were significantly higher in AVM patients. Patients with AVMs demonstrate aberrant TGF-β/BMP expression in AVM tissue and blood compared to controls. Targeting aberrantly expressed components of the TGF-β/BMP pathway in extracranial AVMs may be a viable approach in the development of novel molecular therapies, and monitoring circulating TGF-β1 levels may be a useful indicator of treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ravi W Sun
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Conor H Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Graham M Strub
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 13 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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17
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Mendez PL, Obendorf L, Jatzlau J, Burdzinski W, Reichenbach M, Nageswaran V, Haghikia A, Stangl V, Hiepen C, Knaus P. Atheroprone fluid shear stress-regulated ALK1-Endoglin-SMAD signaling originates from early endosomes. BMC Biol 2022; 20:210. [PMID: 36171573 PMCID: PMC9520843 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid shear stress enhances endothelial SMAD1/5 signaling via the BMP9-bound ALK1 receptor complex supported by the co-receptor Endoglin. While moderate SMAD1/5 activation is required to maintain endothelial quiescence, excessive SMAD1/5 signaling promotes endothelial dysfunction. Increased BMP signaling participates in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation culminating in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. While the function of Endoglin has so far been described under picomolar concentrations of BMP9 and short-term shear application, we investigated Endoglin under physiological BMP9 and long-term pathophysiological shear conditions. RESULTS We report here that knock-down of Endoglin leads to exacerbated SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and atheroprone gene expression profile in HUVECs sheared for 24 h. Making use of the ligand-trap ALK1-Fc, we furthermore show that this increase is dependent on BMP9/10. Mechanistically, we reveal that long-term exposure of ECs to low laminar shear stress leads to enhanced Endoglin expression and endocytosis of Endoglin in Caveolin-1-positive early endosomes. In these endosomes, we could localize the ALK1-Endoglin complex, labeled BMP9 as well as SMAD1, highlighting Caveolin-1 vesicles as a SMAD signaling compartment in cells exposed to low atheroprone laminar shear stress. CONCLUSIONS We identified Endoglin to be essential in preventing excessive activation of SMAD1/5 under physiological flow conditions and Caveolin-1-positive early endosomes as a new flow-regulated signaling compartment for BMP9-ALK1-Endoglin signaling axis in atheroprone flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Lennard Mendez
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,International Max-Planck Research School for Biology and Computation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leon Obendorf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiktor Burdzinski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Reichenbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanasa Nageswaran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Kardiologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Kardiologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany. .,International Max-Planck Research School for Biology and Computation, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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A human model of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)-on-a-chip reproduces key disease hallmarks and enables drug testing in perfused human vessel networks. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121729. [PMID: 35999080 PMCID: PMC9972357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a disorder wherein abnormal, enlarged blood vessels connect arteries directly to veins, without an intervening capillary bed. AVMs are one of the leading causes of hemorrhagic stroke in children and young adults. Most human sporadic brain AVMs are associated with genetic activating mutations in the KRAS gene. Our goal was to develop an in vitro model that would allow for simultaneous morphological and functional phenotypic data capture in real time during AVM disease progression. By generating human endothelial cells harboring a clinically relevant mutation found in most human patients (activating mutations within the small GTPase KRAS) and seeding them in a dynamic microfluidic cell culture system that enables vessel formation and perfusion, we demonstrate that vessels formed by KRAS4AG12V mutant endothelial cells (ECs) were significantly wider and more leaky than vascular beds formed by wild-type ECs, recapitulating key structural and functional hallmarks of human AVM pathogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a breakdown of adherens junctions in mutant KRAS vessels, leading to increased vascular permeability, a hallmark of hemorrhagic stroke. Finally, pharmacological blockade of MEK kinase activity, but not PI3K inhibition, improved endothelial barrier function (decreased permeability) without affecting vessel diameter. Collectively, our studies describe the creation of human KRAS-dependent AVM-like vessels in vitro in a self-assembling microvessel platform that is amenable to phenotypic observation and drug delivery.
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19
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Risato G, Celeghin R, Brañas Casas R, Dinarello A, Zuppardo A, Vettori A, Pilichou K, Thiene G, Basso C, Argenton F, Visentin S, Cosmi E, Tiso N, Beffagna G. Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin and Jak/Stat3 pathways in human and zebrafish foetal growth restriction models: Implications for pharmacological rescue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943127. [PMID: 36051436 PMCID: PMC9424487 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR), previously known as Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), is an obstetrical condition due to placental insufficiency, affecting yearly about 30 million newborns worldwide. In this work, we aimed to identify and pharmacologically target signalling pathways specifically involved in the FGR condition, focusing on FGR-related cardiovascular phenotypes. The transcriptional profile of human umbilical cords from FGR and control cases was compared with the response to hypoxia of zebrafish (Danio rerio) transgenic lines reporting in vivo the activity of twelve signalling pathways involved in embryonic development. Wnt/β-catenin and Jak/Stat3 were found as key pathways significantly dysregulated in both human and zebrafish samples. This information was used in a chemical-genetic analysis to test drugs targeting Wnt/β-catenin and Jak/Stat3 pathways to rescue a set of FGR phenotypes, including growth restriction and cardiovascular modifications. Treatments with the Wnt/β-catenin agonist SB216763 successfully rescued body dimensions, cardiac shape, and vessel organization in zebrafish FGR models. Our data support the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a key FGR marker and a promising target for pharmacological intervention in the FGR condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Risato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Basso, ; Silvia Visentin, ; Natascia Tiso,
| | | | - Silvia Visentin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Basso, ; Silvia Visentin, ; Natascia Tiso,
| | - Erich Cosmi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Basso, ; Silvia Visentin, ; Natascia Tiso,
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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20
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Wang X, Liu Y, He J, Wang J, Chen X, Yang R. Regulation of signaling pathways in hair follicle stem cells. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac022. [PMID: 35795256 PMCID: PMC9250793 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) reside in the bulge region of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. They are considered slow-cycling cells that are endowed with multilineage differentiation potential and superior proliferative capacity. The normal morphology and periodic growth of HFSCs play a significant role in normal skin functions, wound repair and skin regeneration. The HFSCs involved in these pathophysiological processes are regulated by a series of cell signal transduction pathways, such as lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein, Notch and Hedgehog. The mechanisms of the interactions among these signaling pathways and their regulatory effects on HFSCs have been previously studied, but many mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviews the regulation of hair follicles, HFSCs and related signaling pathways, with the aims of summarizing previous research results, revealing the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC proliferation and differentiation and providing important references and new ideas for treating clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Correspondence. Xiaodong Chen, E-mail: ; Ronghua Yang,
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Correspondence. Xiaodong Chen, E-mail: ; Ronghua Yang,
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21
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Wang G, Wen B, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Kolesnichenko OA, Ustiyan V, Pradhan A, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Endothelial progenitor cells stimulate neonatal lung angiogenesis through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2080. [PMID: 35440116 PMCID: PMC9019054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for neonatal lung angiogenesis and represent a subset of general capillary cells (gCAPs). Molecular mechanisms through which EPCs stimulate lung angiogenesis are unknown. Herein, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the BMP9/ACVRL1/SMAD1 pathway signature in pulmonary EPCs. BMP9 receptor, ACVRL1, and its downstream target genes were inhibited in EPCs from Foxf1WT/S52F mutant mice, a model of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Expression of ACVRL1 and its targets were reduced in lungs of ACDMPV subjects. Inhibition of FOXF1 transcription factor reduced BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling and decreased angiogenesis in vitro. FOXF1 synergized with ETS transcription factor FLI1 to activate ACVRL1 promoter. Nanoparticle-mediated silencing of ACVRL1 in newborn mice decreased neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization. Treatment with BMP9 restored lung angiogenesis and alveolarization in ACVRL1-deficient and Foxf1WT/S52F mice. Altogether, EPCs promote neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolun Wang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bingqiang Wen
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zicheng Deng
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Olena A Kolesnichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vladimir Ustiyan
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Arun Pradhan
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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22
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MicroRNA-132-3p, Downregulated in Myeloid Angiogenic Cells from Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients, Is Enriched in the TGFβ and PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathways. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040665. [PMID: 35456471 PMCID: PMC9027908 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by life-threatening vascular dysplasia. Myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), alternatively called early endothelial progenitor cells or circulating angiogenic cells, do not directly incorporate into developing blood vessels, but augment angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. MAC dysfunction has been reported in HHT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cellular function by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. To date, the role of miRNAs in HHT MAC dysfunction has not been documented. Objective. The goal of this study was to comparatively profile miRNAs in HHT patient and control MACs to identify dysregulated miRNAs that may be responsible for the observed MAC dysfunction in HHT. Methodology/Results. Twenty-three dysregulated miRNAs (twenty-one upregulated and two downregulated) in HHT MACs were identified with a TaqMan miRNA microarray. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the dysregulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in pathways involved in HHT pathogenesis, such as the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and Hippo signalling pathways. Furthermore, miR-132-3p was determined to be significantly reduced in HHT MACs compared with controls by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-132-3p is significantly enriched in the TGFβ and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, targeting SMAD4, an effector of the TGFβ signalling pathway and RASA1, a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, respectively. Conclusion. MiRNA dysregulation, specifically reduced expression of miR-132-3p, in HHT MACs was identified. The dysregulated miRNAs are significantly enriched in the TGFβ, PI3K/AKT, and Hippo signalling pathways. These data suggest that alteration in miRNA expression may impair these pathways and contribute to MAC dysfunction in HHT.
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23
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Chen X, Tan F, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xu F, Yuan J, Sun C, Huang L, Guan H, Luo C, Huang RP, Yang Z. Serum Cytokine Profiles in Phlegm-dampness Constitution and Damp-heat Constitution Using Proteomic Antibody Microarray. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Yau ACY, Globisch MA, Onyeogaziri FC, Conze LL, Smith R, Jauhiainen S, Corada M, Orsenigo F, Huang H, Herre M, Olsson AK, Malinverno M, Sundell V, Rezai Jahromi B, Niemelä M, Laakso A, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Lampugnani MG, Dejana E, Magnusson PU. Inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps in cerebral cavernous malformation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:206. [PMID: 35333979 PMCID: PMC8949649 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a brain vascular disease with various neurological symptoms. In this study, we describe the inflammatory profile in CCM and show for the first time the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in rodents and humans with CCM. Through RNA-seq analysis of cerebellum endothelial cells from wild-type mice and mice with an endothelial cell-specific ablation of the Ccm3 gene (Ccm3iECKO), we show that endothelial cells from Ccm3iECKO mice have an increased expression of inflammation-related genes. These genes encode proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as adhesion molecules, which promote recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells. Similarly, immunoassays showed elevated levels of these cytokines and chemokines in the cerebellum of the Ccm3iECKO mice. Consistently, both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis showed infiltration of different subsets of leukocytes into the CCM lesions. Neutrophils, which are known to fight against infection through different strategies, including the formation of NETs, represented the leukocyte subset within the most pronounced increase in CCM. Here, we detected elevated levels of NETs in the blood and the deposition of NETs in the cerebral cavernomas of Ccm3iECKO mice. Degradation of NETs by DNase I treatment improved the vascular barrier. The deposition of NETs in the cavernomas of patients with CCM confirms the clinical relevance of NETs in CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Y Yau
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ascencion Globisch
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Favour Chinyere Onyeogaziri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei L Conze
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ross Smith
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suvi Jauhiainen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Corada
- Vascular Biology Unit, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- Vascular Biology Unit, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Melanie Herre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- Vascular Biology Unit, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sundell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Lampugnani
- Vascular Biology Unit, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Vascular Biology Unit, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Kulikauskas MR, X S, Bautch VL. The versatility and paradox of BMP signaling in endothelial cell behaviors and blood vessel function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:77. [PMID: 35044529 PMCID: PMC8770421 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels expand via sprouting angiogenesis, and this process involves numerous endothelial cell behaviors, such as collective migration, proliferation, cell–cell junction rearrangements, and anastomosis and lumen formation. Subsequently, blood vessels remodel to form a hierarchical network that circulates blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissue. During this time, endothelial cells become quiescent and form a barrier between blood and tissues that regulates transport of liquids and solutes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates both proangiogenic and homeostatic endothelial cell behaviors as blood vessels form and mature. Almost 30 years ago, human pedigrees linked BMP signaling to diseases associated with blood vessel hemorrhage and shunts, and recent work greatly expanded our knowledge of the players and the effects of vascular BMP signaling. Despite these gains, there remain paradoxes and questions, especially with respect to how and where the different and opposing BMP signaling outputs are regulated. This review examines endothelial cell BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and discusses the paradox of BMP signals that both destabilize and stabilize endothelial cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shaka X
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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26
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Single-cell analysis of salt-induced hypertensive mouse aortae reveals cellular heterogeneity and state changes. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1866-1876. [PMID: 34862465 PMCID: PMC8741768 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure caused by excessive salt intake is common and associated with cardiovascular diseases in most countries. However, the composition and responses of vascular cells in the progression of hypertension have not been systematically described. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the aortic arch from C57BL/6J mice fed a chow/high-salt diet. We identified 19 distinct cell populations representing 12 lineages, including smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells (ECs), B cells, and T cells. During the progression of hypertension, the proportion of three SMC subpopulations, two EC subpopulations, and T cells increased. In two EC clusters, the expression of reactive oxygen species-related enzymes, collagen and contractility genes was upregulated. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that three SMC subsets underwent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We also constructed intercellular networks and found more frequent cell communication among aortic cells in hypertension and that some signaling pathways were activated during hypertension. Finally, joint public genome-wide association study data and our single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed the expression of hypertension susceptibility genes in ECs, SMCs, and fibroblasts and revealed 21 genes involved in the initiation and development of high-salt-induced hypertension. In conclusion, our data illustrate the transcriptional landscape of vascular cells in the aorta associated with hypertension and reveal dramatic changes in cell composition and intercellular communication during the progression of hypertension.
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27
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Xu B, Xu G, Yu Y, Lin J. The role of TGF-β or BMPR2 signaling pathway-related miRNA in pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:288. [PMID: 34819148 PMCID: PMC8613994 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of connective tissue disease (CTD), causing death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The past decade has yielded many scientific insights into microRNA (miRNAs) in PAH and SSc. This growth of knowledge has well-illustrated the complexity of microRNA (miRNA)-based regulation of gene expression in PAH. However, few miRNA-related SSc-PAH were elucidated. This review firstly discusses the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) in PAH and SSc. Secondly, the miRNAs relating to TGF-β and BMPR2 signaling pathways in PAH and SSc or merely PAH were subsequently summarized. Finally, future studies might develop early diagnostic biomarkers and target-oriented therapeutic strategies for SSc-PAH and PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003.
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28
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Tessier S, Lipton BA, Ido F, Longo S, Nanda S. Pathogenesis and therapy of arteriovenous malformations: A case report and narrative review. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2021; 11:167-176. [PMID: 34760664 PMCID: PMC8547675 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_127_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal communications between arteries and veins that lack intervening capillary beds. They have been described in almost every organ in the body, emerging sporadically or as part of well-described syndromes. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, progressive, and lifelong disease characterized by AVMs and recurrent hemorrhaging. In the last 2 decades, significant advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of this condition. The accumulation of knowledge has led to a natural evolution of therapy, from open surgery to endovascular procedures, and now to a role for medications in certain AVMs. Here, we review a case of HHT and describe the most up-to-date clinical practice, including diagnosis of HHT, subtypes of HHT, and medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tessier
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brooke A Lipton
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Firas Ido
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Santo Longo
- Department of Pathology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Sudip Nanda
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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29
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Farhan A, Yuan F, Partan E, Weiss CR. Clinical manifestations of patients with GDF2 mutations associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 5. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:199-209. [PMID: 34611981 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant fibrovascular dysplasia caused by mutations in ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4. Increasingly, there has been an appreciation for vascular conditions with phenotypic overlap to HHT but which have distinct clinical manifestations and arise from novel or uncharacterized gene variants. This study reported on a cohort of four unrelated probands who were diagnosed with a rare form of GDF2-related HHT5, for which only five prior cases have been described. Two patients harbored heterozygous missense variants not previously annotated as pathogenic (p.Val403Ile; p.Glu355Gln). Clinically, these patients had features resembling HHT1, including cerebrovascular involvement of their disease (first report documenting cerebral involvement of HHT5), but with earlier onset of epistaxis and a unique anatomic distribution of dermal capillary lesions that involved the upper forelimbs, trunk, and head. The other two patients harbored interstitial deletions larger than five megabases between 10q11.22 and 10q11.23 that included GDF2. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing large genomic deletions leading to HHT5. These patients also demonstrated mucocutaneous capillary dysplasias, including intranasal vascular lesions complicated by childhood-onset epistasis, with a number of extravascular findings related to their 10q11.21q11.23 deletion. In conclusion, patients with GDF2-related HHT may present with a number of unique characteristics that differ from classically reported features of HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farhan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Yuan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Partan
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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SMAD4 Feedback Activates the Canonical TGF-β Family Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810024. [PMID: 34576190 PMCID: PMC8471547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β family signaling pathways, including TGF-β and BMP pathways, are widely involved in the regulation of health and diseases through downstream SMADs, which are also regulated by multiple validated mechanisms, such as genetic regulation, epigenetic regulation, and feedback regulation. However, it is still unclear whether R-SMADs or Co-SMAD can feedback regulate the TGF-β family signaling pathways in granulosa cells (GCs). In this study, we report a novel mechanism underlying the feedback regulation of TGF-β family signaling pathways, i.e., SMAD4, the only Co-SMAD, positive feedback activates the TGF-β family signaling pathways in GCs with a basal level of TGF-β ligands by interacting with the core promoters of its upstream receptors. Mechanistically, SMAD4 acts as a transcription factor, and feedback activates the transcription of its upstream receptors, including ACVR1B, BMPR2, and TGFBR2, of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathways by interacting with three coactivators (c-JUN, CREB1, and SP1), respectively. Notably, three different interaction modes between SMAD4 and coactivators were identified in SMAD4-mediated feedback regulation of upstream receptors through reciprocal ChIP assays. Our findings in the present study indicate for the first time that SMAD4 feedback activates the canonical TGF-β family signaling pathways in GCs, which improves and expands the regulatory mechanism, especially the feedback regulation modes of TGF-β family signaling pathways in ovarian GCs.
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Wetzel-Strong SE, Weinsheimer S, Nelson J, Pawlikowska L, Clark D, Starr MD, Liu Y, Kim H, Faughnan ME, Nixon AB, Marchuk DA. Pilot investigation of circulating angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers associated with vascular malformations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:372. [PMID: 34479577 PMCID: PMC8414780 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular malformations in the central nervous system are difficult to monitor and treat due to their inaccessible location. Angiogenic and inflammatory proteins are secreted into the bloodstream and may serve as useful biomarkers for identifying patients at risk for complications or with certain disease phenotypes.
Methods A validated multiplex protein array consisting of 26 angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers (Angiome) was assessed in plasma isolated from healthy controls and patients with either sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), familial cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). These samples were obtained from archives of ongoing research studies at the University of California San Francisco and through prospective collection at the Toronto HHT Centre at St. Michael’s Hospital. Results We compared circulating biomarker levels from each patient group to healthy controls and analyzed each pairwise combination of patient groups for differences in biomarker levels. Additionally, we analyzed the HHT samples to determine the association between biomarker levels and the following HHT-specific phenotypes, BAVM, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), liver vascular malformation (LVM), and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Compared to controls, levels of SDF1 were significantly elevated in HHT patients (Proportional Increase [PI] = 1.87, p < 0.001, q = 0.011). Levels of sENG were significantly reduced in HHT patients compared to controls (PI = 0.56, p < 0.001, q < 0.001), reflecting the prevalence of HHT1 patients in this cohort. Levels of IL6 (PI = 3.22, p < 0.001, q < 0.001) and sTGFβR3 (PI = 0.70, p = 0.001, q < 0.029) differed significantly in CCM patients compared to controls. Compared to controls, ten of the biomarkers were significantly different in sporadic BAVM patients (q-values < 0.05). Among the pairwise combinations of patient groups, a significant elevation was observed in TGFβ1 in CCM patients compared to sporadic BAVM patients (PI = 2.30, p < 0.001, q = 0.034). When examining the association of circulating biomarker levels with HHT-specific phenotypes, four markers were significantly lower in HHT patients with BAVM (q-values < 0.05), and four markers were significantly higher in patients with LVM (q-values < 0.05). Conclusions This pilot study suggests that the profile of circulating angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers may be unique to each type of vascular malformation. Furthermore, this study indicates that circulating biomarkers may be useful for assessing phenotypic traits of vascular malformations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02009-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wetzel-Strong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 265 CARL Bldg., Box #3175 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shantel Weinsheimer
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Nelson
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ludmila Pawlikowska
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dewi Clark
- Toronto HHT Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark D Starr
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie E Faughnan
- Toronto HHT Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 265 CARL Bldg., Box #3175 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Tang H, Zhang X, Xue G, Xu F, Wang Q, Yang P, Hong B, Xu Y, Huang Q, Liu J, Zuo Q. The biology of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway in cerebrovascular system. Chin Neurosurg J 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 34465399 PMCID: PMC8408949 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-021-00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein belongs to transcription growth factor superfamily β; bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis among different tissues. Cerebrovascular system supplies sufficient oxygen and blood into brain to maintain its normal function. The disorder of cerebrovascular system will result into serious cerebrovascular diseases, which is gradually becoming a major threat to human health in modern society. In recent decades, many studies have revealed the underlying biology and mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway played in cerebrovascular system. This review will discuss the relationship between the two aspects, aiming to provide new perspective for non-invasive treatment and basic research of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaici Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Xu
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiao Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Fu Y, Wang H, Dai H, Zhu Q, Cui CP, Sun X, Li Y, Deng Z, Zhou X, Ge Y, Peng Z, Yuan C, Wu B, Yang X, Li R, Liu CH, He F, Wei W, Zhang L. OTULIN allies with LUBAC to govern angiogenesis by editing ALK1 linear polyubiquitin. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3187-3204.e7. [PMID: 34157307 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OTULIN coordinates with LUBAC to edit linear polyubiquitin chains in embryonic development, autoimmunity, and inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanism by which angiogenesis, especially that of endothelial cells (ECs), is regulated by linear ubiquitination remains unclear. Here, we reveal that constitutive or EC-specific deletion of Otulin resulted in arteriovenous malformations and embryonic lethality. LUBAC conjugates linear ubiquitin chains onto Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), which is responsible for angiogenesis defects, inhibiting ALK1 enzyme activity and Smad1/5 activation. Conversely, OTULIN deubiquitinates ALK1 to promote Smad1/5 activation. Consistently, embryonic survival of Otulin-deficient mice was prolonged by BMP9 pretreatment or EC-specific ALK1Q200D (constitutively active) knockin. Moreover, mutant ALK1 from type 2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT2) patients exhibited excessive linear ubiquitination and increased HOIP binding. As such, a HOIP inhibitor restricted the excessive angiogenesis of ECs derived from ALK1G309S-expressing HHT2 patients. These results show that OTULIN and LUBAC govern ALK1 activity to balance EC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongtian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongmiao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhikang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yingwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
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Rustenhoven J, Tanumihardja C, Kipnis J. Cerebrovascular Anomalies: Perspectives From Immunology and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow. Circ Res 2021; 129:174-194. [PMID: 34166075 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate vascular function is essential for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis and is achieved through virtue of the blood-brain barrier; a specialized structure consisting of endothelial, mural, and astrocytic interactions. While appropriate blood-brain barrier function is typically achieved, the central nervous system vasculature is not infallible and cerebrovascular anomalies, a collective terminology for diverse vascular lesions, are present in meningeal and cerebral vasculature supplying and draining the brain. These conditions, including aneurysmal formation and rupture, arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas, and cerebral cavernous malformations, and their associated neurological sequelae, are typically managed with neurosurgical or pharmacological approaches. However, increasing evidence implicates interacting roles for inflammatory responses and disrupted central nervous system fluid flow with respect to vascular perturbations. Here, we discuss cerebrovascular anomalies from an immunologic angle and fluid flow perspective. We describe immune contributions, both common and distinct, to the formation and progression of diverse cerebrovascular anomalies. Next, we summarize how cerebrovascular anomalies precipitate diverse neurological sequelae, including seizures, hydrocephalus, and cognitive effects and possible contributions through the recently identified lymphatic and glymphatic systems. Finally, we speculate on and provide testable hypotheses for novel nonsurgical therapeutic approaches for alleviating neurological impairments arising from cerebrovascular anomalies, with a particular emphasis on the normalization of fluid flow and alleviation of inflammation through manipulations of the lymphatic and glymphatic central nervous system clearance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rustenhoven
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (J.R., J.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine (J.R., J.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (J.R., J.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine (J.R., J.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO
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35
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Han O, Pak B, Jin SW. The Role of BMP Signaling in Endothelial Heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673396. [PMID: 34235147 PMCID: PMC8255612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which compose the largest group of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-ß) superfamily, have been implied to play a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. The most intriguing feature of BMP signaling is that it elicits heterogeneous responses from cells with equivalent identity, thus permitting highly context-dependent signaling outcomes. In endothelial cells (ECs), which are increasingly perceived as a highly heterogeneous population of cells with respect to their morphology, function, as well as molecular characteristics, BMP signaling has shown to elicit diverse and often opposite effects, illustrating the innate complexity of signaling responses. In this review, we provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of how outcomes of BMP signaling are modulated in a context-dependent manner with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms and summarize how these regulations of the BMP signaling promote endothelial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orjin Han
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Boryeong Pak
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
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36
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The BMP Pathway in Blood Vessel and Lymphatic Vessel Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126364. [PMID: 34198654 PMCID: PMC8232321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has broadly expanded beyond bone physiology and pathology. Nowadays, the BMP pathway is considered an important player in vascular signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding different components of the BMP pathway cause various severe vascular diseases. Their signaling contributes to the morphological, functional and molecular heterogeneity among endothelial cells in different vessel types such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries within different organs. The BMP pathway is a remarkably fine-tuned pathway. As a result, its signaling output in the vessel wall critically depends on the cellular context, which includes flow hemodynamics, interplay with other vascular signaling cascades and the interaction of endothelial cells with peri-endothelial cells and the surrounding matrix. In this review, the emerging role of BMP signaling in lymphatic vessel biology will be highlighted within the framework of BMP signaling in the circulatory vasculature.
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Karoulias SZ, Pitou M, Papi R, Lamprou P, Choli-Papadopoulou T. Specific amino acids from the broad C-terminal region of BMP-2 are crucial for osteogenesis. Bone Rep 2021; 14:101092. [PMID: 34026953 PMCID: PMC8134029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortest functional domains of growth factor Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) that are dynamical implicated in osteogenesis have been investigated and well characterized. In particular, the broad C-terminal region expanding from Val63 to Arg114 as well as its shorter sequence 86-AISMLYLDEN-95 exhibited the highest osteogenic ability for regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue. In addition, the amino acids Ser88 and Leu90 have been identified as crucial for receptor binding and osteogenic efficacy. Furthermore, the above-mentioned domains in contrary to full length BMP-2 protein signal mainly through the Smad pathway as it is evidenced by phosphorylation decrease of Extracellular-signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK1/2). Taking together, our results are significant for clinical applications regarding the generation of biomaterials and healing of orthopedic fractures. The C-terminal BMP-2 is crucial for protein's function regarding osteogenesis. Two amino acids of the short AISMLYLDEN sequence are crucial for osteogenesis. The short peptide and the entire protein signal through different pathways
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos-Zafeirios Karoulias
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Pitou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Lamprou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Girard R, Li Y, Stadnik A, Shenkar R, Hobson N, Romanos S, Srinath A, Moore T, Lightle R, Shkoukani A, Akers A, Carroll T, Christoforidis GA, Koenig JI, Lee C, Piedad K, Greenberg SM, Kim H, Flemming KD, Ji Y, Awad IA. A Roadmap for Developing Plasma Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Cavernous Angioma With Symptomatic Hemorrhage (CASH). Neurosurgery 2021; 88:686-697. [PMID: 33469662 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous angioma (CA) is a capillary microangiopathy predisposing more than a million Americans to premature risk of brain hemorrhage. CA with recent symptomatic hemorrhage (SH), most likely to re-bleed with serious clinical sequelae, is the primary focus of therapeutic development. Signaling aberrations in CA include proliferative dysangiogenesis, blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability, inflammatory/immune processes, and anticoagulant vascular domain. Plasma levels of molecules reflecting these mechanisms and measures of vascular permeability and iron deposition on magnetic resonance imaging are biomarkers that have been correlated with CA hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE To optimize these biomarkers to accurately diagnose cavernous angioma with symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH), prognosticate the risk of future SH, and monitor cases after a bleed and in response to therapy. METHODS Additional candidate biomarkers, emerging from ongoing mechanistic and differential transcriptome studies, would further enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis and prediction of CASH. Integrative combinations of levels of plasma proteins and characteristic micro-ribonucleic acids may further strengthen biomarker associations. We will deploy advanced statistical and machine learning approaches for the integration of novel candidate biomarkers, rejecting noncorrelated candidates, and determining the best clustering and weighing of combined biomarker contributions. EXPECTED OUTCOMES With the expertise of leading CA researchers, this project anticipates the development of future blood tests for the diagnosis and prediction of CASH to clinically advance towards precision medicine. DISCUSSION The project tests a novel integrational approach of biomarker development in a mechanistically defined cerebrovascular disease with a relevant context of use, with an approach applicable to other neurological diseases with similar pathobiologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yan Li
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois.,Bioinformatics core, Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Agnieszka Stadnik
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicholas Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sharbel Romanos
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abdallah Shkoukani
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Timothy Carroll
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory A Christoforidis
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kristina Piedad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
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Marziano C, Genet G, Hirschi KK. Vascular endothelial cell specification in health and disease. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:213-236. [PMID: 33844116 PMCID: PMC8205897 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients, circulating cells, and soluble factors to and from every tissue. The lymphatic vasculature maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis, transports hematopoietic cells for immune surveillance, and absorbs fat from the gastrointestinal tract. These vascular systems consist of highly organized networks of specialized vessels including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels that exhibit different structures and cellular composition enabling distinct functions. All vessels are composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells that are in direct contact with the circulating fluid; therefore, they are the first responders to circulating factors. However, endothelial cells are not homogenous; rather, they are a heterogenous population of specialized cells perfectly designed for the physiological demands of the vessel they constitute. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the specification of arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelial cell identities during vascular development. We also discuss how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to vascular malformations, and therapeutic approaches that have been developed for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Marziano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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40
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Angiogenesis regulation by microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in human breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153326. [PMID: 33601152 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are capable of regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Since the past decade, a number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported the roles of these non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating angiogenesis, an important cancer hallmark that is associated with metastases and poor prognosis. The specific roles of various miRNAs and lncRNAs in regulating angiogenesis in breast cancer, with particular focus on the downstream targets and signalling pathways regulated by these ncRNAs will be discussed in this review. In light of the recent trend in exploiting ncRNAs as cancer therapeutics, the potential use of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers and novel therapeutic agent against angiogenesis was also discussed.
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41
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Olsen LB, Kjeldsen AD, Poulsen MK, Kjeldsen J, Fialla AD. High output cardiac failure in 3 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and hepatic vascular malformations, evaluation of treatment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:334. [PMID: 33243256 PMCID: PMC7691053 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report addresses how patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and high output cardiac failure (HOCF) due to hepatic vascular malformations, should be evaluated and could be treated. HHT is a genetic disorder, leading to vascular abnormalities with potentially serious clinical implications. In the liver, arteriovenous malformations occur in more than 70% of patients, but only about 8% present clinical symptoms such as HOCF with pulmonary hypertension and less commonly portal hypertension, biliary ischemia and hepatic encephalopathy. RESULTS Three female patients with HHT type 2 and HOCF caused by severe arteriovenous malformations in the liver are presented in this case series. The patients were seen at the HHT-Centre at Odense University Hospital. Treatment with either orthotopic liver transplantation (one patient) or bevacizumab (two patients) was initiated. All patients experienced marked symptom relief and objective improvement. New York Heart Association-class were improved, ascites, peripheral edema and hence diuretic treatment was markedly reduced or discontinued in all three patients. Bevacizumab also resulted in notable effects on epistaxis and anemia. CONCLUSION Our findings substantiate the importance of identification of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations in the liver in patients with HHT. Bevacizumab may possibly, as suggested in this case series and supported by previous case studies, postpone the time to orthotopic liver transplantation or even make it unnecessary. Bevacizumab represents a promising new treatment option, which should be investigated further in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian B Olsen
- HHT-Center Odense University Hospital, Part of VASCERN, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette D Kjeldsen
- HHT-Center Odense University Hospital, Part of VASCERN, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikael K Poulsen
- HHT-Center Odense University Hospital, Part of VASCERN, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- HHT-Center Odense University Hospital, Part of VASCERN, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette D Fialla
- HHT-Center Odense University Hospital, Part of VASCERN, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark.
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are neurovascular abnormalities characterized by thin, leaky blood vessels resulting in lesions that predispose to haemorrhages, stroke, epilepsy and focal neurological deficits. CCMs arise due to loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding one of three CCM complex proteins, KRIT1, CCM2 or CCM3. These widely expressed, multi-functional adaptor proteins can assemble into a CCM protein complex and (either alone or in complex) modulate signalling pathways that influence cell adhesion, cell contractility, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. Recent advances, including analysis of the structures and interactions of CCM proteins, have allowed substantial progress towards understanding the molecular bases for CCM protein function and how their disruption leads to disease. Here, we review current knowledge of CCM protein signalling with a focus on three pathways which have generated the most interest—the RhoA–ROCK, MEKK3–MEK5–ERK5–KLF2/4 and cell junctional signalling pathways—but also consider ICAP1-β1 integrin and cdc42 signalling. We discuss emerging links between these pathways and the processes that drive disease pathology and highlight important open questions—key among them is the role of subcellular localization in the control of CCM protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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43
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Fu R, Li Y, Jiang N, Ren BX, Zang CZ, Liu LJ, Lv WC, Li HM, Weiss S, Li ZY, Lu T, Wu ZQ. Inactivation of endothelial ZEB1 impedes tumor progression and sensitizes tumors to conventional therapies. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1252-1270. [PMID: 32039918 DOI: 10.1172/jci131507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antiangiogenic therapy is limited by its cytostatic property, scarce drug delivery to the tumor, and side toxicity. To address these limitations, we unveiled the role of ZEB1, a tumor endothelium-enriched zinc-finger transcription factor, during tumor progression. We discovered that the patients who had lung adenocarcinomas with high ZEB1 expression in tumor endothelium had increased prevalence of metastases and markedly reduced overall survival after the diagnosis of lung cancer. Endothelial ZEB1 deletion in tumor-bearing mice diminished tumor angiogenesis while eliciting persistent tumor vascular normalization by epigenetically repressing TGF-β signaling. This consequently led to improved blood and oxygen perfusion, enhanced chemotherapy delivery and immune effector cell infiltration, and reduced tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, targeting vascular ZEB1 remarkably potentiated the anticancer activity of nontoxic low-dose cisplatin. Treatment with low-dose anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody elicited tumor regression and markedly extended survival in ZEB1-deleted mice, conferring long-term protective anticancer immunity. Collectively, we demonstrated that inactivation of endothelial ZEB1 may offer alternative opportunities for cancer therapy with minimal side effects. Targeting endothelium-derived ZEB1 in combination with conventional chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade therapy may yield a potent and superior anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Xue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Zi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen Weiss
- Life Sciences Institute, Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zheng-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Boezio GL, Bensimon-Brito A, Piesker J, Guenther S, Helker CS, Stainier DY. Endothelial TGF-β signaling instructs smooth muscle cell development in the cardiac outflow tract. eLife 2020; 9:57603. [PMID: 32990594 PMCID: PMC7524555 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), which connects the heart to the great arteries, relies on a complex crosstalk between endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle (SMCs) cells. Defects in OFT development can lead to severe malformations, including aortic aneurysms, which are frequently associated with impaired TGF-β signaling. To better understand the role of TGF-β signaling in OFT formation, we generated zebrafish lacking the TGF-β receptor Alk5 and found a strikingly specific dilation of the OFT: alk5-/- OFTs exhibit increased EC numbers as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) and SMC disorganization. Surprisingly, endothelial-specific alk5 overexpression in alk5-/- rescues the EC, ECM, and SMC defects. Transcriptomic analyses reveal downregulation of the ECM gene fibulin-5, which when overexpressed in ECs ameliorates OFT morphology and function. These findings reveal a new requirement for endothelial TGF-β signaling in OFT morphogenesis and suggest an important role for the endothelium in the etiology of aortic malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lm Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Sm Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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45
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Zhang Y, Yang X. The Roles of TGF-β Signaling in Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567682. [PMID: 33072751 PMCID: PMC7530326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, however, little progress has been made in preventing or treating these diseases to date. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays crucial and highly complicated roles in cerebrovascular development and homeostasis, and dysregulated TGF-β signaling contributes to cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the functional role of TGF-β signaling in the cerebrovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss the current understanding of TGF-β signaling in cerebral angiogenesis and the maintenance of brain vessel homeostasis. We also review the mechanisms by which disruption of TGF-β signaling triggers or promotes the progression of cerebrovascular diseases. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential of targeting TGF-β signaling to treat cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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46
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Transcriptome analysis provides new molecular signatures in sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformation endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165956. [PMID: 32877751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are lesions affecting brain capillaries that appear with a mulberry-like morphology. This shape results from the enlarged and tangled microvessels having defective endothelial cell junctions, few surrounding pericytes and dense extracellular collagen-rich matrix. Three genes KRIT1, CCM2 and PDCD10 are linked to disease onset. However, a variable percentage of patients harbour no mutations at these loci, encouraging hypothesis of further genetic factors involved in CCM pathogenesis. Here we present data obtained by transcriptome analysis on endothelial cells isolated by CCM specimens, with the aim to identify dysregulated pathways involved in lesion onset. Lesions belonged to two patients carried neither germline nor somatic mutations at the three CCM genes. By comparison with Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) expression profile, we identified 1325 differentially expressed genes (Bonferroni pValue <0.05) common for the two samples. Functional enrichment analysis clustered these genes in 80 terms related to neuroinflammation, extra-cellular matrix remodelling, cell junction impairment, reactive oxygen species metabolism. In addition, CCM genes expression values resulted slightly altered in only one of the two CCM endothelial cell samples when compared to HBMECs, suggesting as further genetic factors can contribute to CCM development. Following expression analysis, we suggests that the molecular shift from canonical to non-canonical Wnt pathway might be a key event in CCM pathogenesis. Moreover, our results provide novel potential genetic targets to investigate for the development of more selective therapies.
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47
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Hiepen C, Mendez PL, Knaus P. It Takes Two to Tango: Endothelial TGFβ/BMP Signaling Crosstalk with Mechanobiology. Cells 2020; 9:E1965. [PMID: 32858894 PMCID: PMC7564048 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines. While some ligand members are potent inducers of angiogenesis, others promote vascular homeostasis. However, the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions is still a growing research field. In bone, the tissue in which BMPs were first discovered, crosstalk of TGFβ/BMP signaling with mechanobiology is well understood. Likewise, the endothelium represents a tissue that is constantly exposed to multiple mechanical triggers, such as wall shear stress, elicited by blood flow or strain, and tension from the surrounding cells and to the extracellular matrix. To integrate mechanical stimuli, the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the transduction of these forces in endothelial cells. Importantly, mechanical forces integrate on several levels of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, such as receptors and SMADs, but also global cell-architecture and nuclear chromatin re-organization. Here, we summarize the current literature on crosstalk mechanisms between biochemical cues elicited by TGFβ/BMP growth factors and mechanical cues, as shear stress or matrix stiffness that collectively orchestrate endothelial function. We focus on the different subcellular compartments in which the forces are sensed and integrated into the TGFβ/BMP growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petra Knaus
- Knaus-Lab/Signal Transduction, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (P.-L.M.)
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48
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da Silva Madaleno C, Jatzlau J, Knaus P. BMP signalling in a mechanical context - Implications for bone biology. Bone 2020; 137:115416. [PMID: 32422297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are extracellular multifunctional signalling cytokines and members of the TGFβ super family. These pleiotropic growth factors crucially promote bone formation, remodeling and healing after injury. Additionally, bone homeostasis is systematically regulated by mechanical inputs from the environment, which are incorporated into the bone cells' biochemical response. These inputs range from compression and tension induced by the movement of neighboring muscle, to fluid shear stress induced by interstitial fluid flow in the canaliculi and in the vascular system. Although BMPs are widely applied in a clinic context to promote fracture healing, it is still elusive how mechanical inputs modulate this signalling pathway, hindering an efficient and side-effect free application of these ligands in bone healing. This review aims to summarize the current understanding in how mechanical cues (tension, compression, shear force and hydrostatic pressure) and substrate stiffness modulate BMP signalling. We highlight the time-dependent effects in modulating immediate early up to long-term effects of mechano-BMP crosstalk during bone formation and remodeling, considering the interplay with other already established mechanosensitive pathways, such as MRTF/SRF and Hippo signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silva Madaleno
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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49
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Fonseca CG, Barbacena P, Franco CA. Endothelial cells on the move: dynamics in vascular morphogenesis and disease. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:H29-H43. [PMID: 32935077 PMCID: PMC7487603 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is a hierarchically organized network of blood vessels that play crucial roles in embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease. Blood vessels are built by endothelial cells – the cells lining the interior of blood vessels – through a process named vascular morphogenesis. Endothelial cells react to different biomechanical signals in their environment by adjusting their behavior to: (1) invade, proliferate and fuse to form new vessels (angiogenesis); (2) remodel, regress and establish a hierarchy in the network (patterning); and (3) maintain network stability (quiescence). Each step involves the coordination of endothelial cell differentiation, proliferation, polarity, migration, rearrangements and shape changes to ensure network integrity and an efficient barrier between blood and tissues. In this review, we highlighted the relevance and the mechanisms involving endothelial cell migration during different steps of vascular morphogenesis. We further present evidence on how impaired endothelial cell dynamics can contribute to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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50
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McCarty JH. αvβ8 integrin adhesion and signaling pathways in development, physiology and disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/12/jcs239434. [PMID: 32540905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must interpret a complex milieu of extracellular cues to modulate intracellular signaling events linked to proliferation, differentiation, migration and other cellular processes. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton and control intracellular signaling events. A great deal is known about the structural and functional properties for most integrins; however, the adhesion and signaling pathways controlled by αvβ8 integrin, which was discovered nearly 30 years ago, have only recently been characterized. αvβ8 integrin is a receptor for ECM-bound forms of latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins and promotes the activation of TGFβ signaling pathways. Studies of the brain, lung and immune system reveal that the αvβ8 integrin-TGFβ axis mediates cell-cell contact and communication within complex multicellular structures. Perturbing components of this axis results in aberrant cell-cell adhesion and signaling leading to the initiation of various pathologies, including neurodegeneration, fibrosis and cancer. As discussed in this Review, understanding the functions for αvβ8 integrin, its ECM ligands and intracellular effector proteins is not only an important topic in cell biology, but may lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat human pathologies related to integrin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Unit 1004, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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