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Britsch S, Langer H, Duerschmied D, Becher T. The Evolving Role of Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2450. [PMID: 38397127 PMCID: PMC10888834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. This inflammatory process is initiated and maintained by both innate and adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are antigen-presenting cells, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis and consist of various subtypes with distinct functional abilities. Following the recognition and binding of antigens, DCs become potent activators of cellular responses, bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. The modulation of specific DC subpopulations can have either pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective effects, highlighting the dual pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic roles of DCs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving roles of DCs and their subtypes in the promotion or limitation of atherosclerosis development. Additionally, we explore antigen pulsing and pharmacological approaches to modulate the function of DCs in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Britsch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Becher
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
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2
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Christ A, Maas SL, Jin H, Lu C, Legein B, Wijnands E, Temmerman L, Otten J, Isaacs A, Zenke M, Stoll M, Biessen EAL, van der Vorst EPC. In situ lipid-loading activates peripheral dendritic cell subsets characterized by cellular ROS accumulation but compromises their capacity to prime naïve T cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:406-415. [PMID: 38061606 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, play an important role in pathologies by controlling adaptive immune responses. However, their adaptation to and functionality in hypercholesterolemia, a driving factor in disease onset and progression of atherosclerosis remains to be established. METHODS In this study, we addressed the immediate impact of high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice on separate DC subsets, their compartmentalization and functionality. RESULTS While hypercholesterolemia induced a significant rise in bone marrow myeloid and dendritic cell progenitor (MDP) frequency and proliferation rate after high fat diet feeding, it did not affect DC subset numbers in lymphoid tissue. Hypercholesterolemia led to almost immediate and persistent augmentation in granularity of conventional DCs (cDCs), in particular cDC2, reflecting progressive lipid accumulation by these subsets. Plasmacytoid DCs were only marginally and transiently affected. Lipid loading increased co-stimulatory molecule expression and ROS accumulation by cDC2. Despite this hyperactivation, lipid-laden cDC2 displayed a profoundly reduced capacity to stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that in hypercholesterolemic conditions, peripheral cDC2 subsets engulf lipids in situ, leading to a more activated status characterized by cellular ROS accumulation while, paradoxically, compromising their T cell priming ability. These findings will have repercussions not only for lipid driven cardiometabolic disorders like atherosclerosis, but also for adaptive immune responses to pathogens and/or endogenous (neo) antigens under conditions of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Health Office Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Legein
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Otten
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, Lu H, Liu Y, Xue C, Chang Z, Liu H, Deng Y, Liang W, Wang H, Rom O, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhu T, Guo Y, Chang L, Lin J, Chen YE, Zhang J. Myeloid BAF60a deficiency alters metabolic homeostasis and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113171. [PMID: 37768825 PMCID: PMC10842557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading health concern, stems from the dynamic involvement of immune cells in vascular plaques. Despite its significance, the interplay between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation in plaque macrophages is understudied. We discovered the reduced expression of Baf60a, a component of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, in macrophages from advanced plaques. Myeloid-specific Baf60a deletion compromised mitochondrial integrity and heightened adhesion, apoptosis, and plaque development. BAF60a preserves mitochondrial energy homeostasis under pro-atherogenic stimuli by retaining nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) accessibility at critical genes. Overexpression of BAF60a rescued mitochondrial dysfunction in an NRF1-dependent manner. This study illuminates the BAF60a-NRF1 axis as a mitochondrial function modulator in atherosclerosis, proposing the rejuvenation of perturbed chromatin remodeling machinery as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongjie Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Carbone F, Liberale L, Libby P, Montecucco F. Vitamin D in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2078-2094. [PMID: 36943351 PMCID: PMC10281557 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical findings linking vitamin D to cardiovascular (CV) risk have prompted consideration of its supplementation to improve overall health. Yet several meta-analyses do not provide support for the clinical effectiveness of this strategy. Meanwhile, the understanding of the roles of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of CV diseases has evolved. Specifically, recent work has revealed some non-classical pleiotropic effects of vitamin D, increasing the complexity of vitamin D signalling. Within particular microenvironments (e.g. dysfunctional adipose tissue and atherosclerotic plaque), vitamin D can act locally at cellular level through intracrine/autocrine/paracrine feedforward and feedback circuits. Within atherosclerotic tissues, 'local' vitamin D levels may influence relevant systemic consequences independently of its circulating pool. Moreover, vitamin D links closely to other signalling pathways of CV relevance including those driving cellular senescence, ageing, and age-related diseases-among them CV conditions. This review updates knowledge on vitamin D biology aiming to clarify the widening gap between experimental and clinical evidence. It highlights the potential reverse causation confounding correlation between vitamin D status and CV health, and the need to consider novel pathophysiological concepts in the design of future clinical trials that explore the effects of vitamin D on atherosclerosis and risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the active involvement of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Vascular inflammatory events within atherosclerotic plaques are predominated by innate antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells, macrophages, and adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes. The interaction between APCs and T cells is essential for the initiation and progression of vascular inflammation during atherosclerosis formation. B7-CD28 family members that provide either costimulatory or coinhibitory signals to T cells are important mediators of the cross-talk between APCs and T cells. The balance of different functional members of the B7-CD28 family shapes T cell responses during inflammation. Recent studies from both mouse and preclinical models have shown that targeting costimulatory molecules on APCs and T cells may be effective in treating vascular inflammatory diseases, especially atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding how APC and T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by focusing on B7-CD28 family members and provide insight into the immunotherapeutic potential of targeting B7-CD28 family members in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Electrophysiological Center of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Simeng Tian
- Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhoujun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenkun Fu
- Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
- * Correspondence: Zhenkun Fu, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (e-mail. ); Chenggang Li, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (e-mail. )
| | - Chenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * Correspondence: Zhenkun Fu, Basic Medicine College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (e-mail. ); Chenggang Li, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (e-mail. )
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6
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Christ A, Goossens PG, Wijnands E, Jin H, Legein B, Oth T, Isaacs A, Stoll M, Vanderlocht J, Lutgens E, Daemen MJAP, Zenke M, Biessen EAL. Low Density Lipoprotein Exposure of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Blunts Toll-like Receptor 7/9 Signaling via NUR77. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1152. [PMID: 35625889 PMCID: PMC9139034 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathogens or trauma-derived danger signals induced maturation and activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is a pivotal step in pDC-dependent host defense. Exposure of pDC to cardiometabolic disease-associated lipids and proteins may well influence critical signaling pathways, thereby compromising immune responses against endogenous, bacterial and viral pathogens. In this study, we have addressed if hyperlipidemia impacts human pDC activation, cytokine response and capacity to prime CD4+ T cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: We show that exposure to pro-atherogenic oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) led to pDC lipid accumulation, which in turn ablated a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 dependent up-regulation of pDC maturation markers CD40, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR. Moreover, oxLDL dampened TLR9 activation induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a NUR77/IRF7 dependent manner and impaired the capacity of pDCs to prime and polarize CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal profound effects of dyslipidemia on pDC responses to pathogen-derived signals.
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Sauter M, Langer HF. Targeting Cell-Specific Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:802990. [PMID: 35432000 PMCID: PMC9010538 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.802990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of innate immunity contribute to inflammation, one of the major underlying causes of atherogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic vessel disease. How immune cells exactly contribute to atherosclerosis and interact with molecules of cholesterol homeostasis is still a matter of intense research. Recent evidence has proposed a potential role of previously underappreciated cell types in this chronic disease including platelets and dendritic cells (DCs). The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is studied in models with dysfunctional lipid homeostasis and several druggable molecular targets are derived from these models. Specific therapeutic approaches focussing on these immune mechanisms, however, have not been successfully introduced into everyday clinical practice, yet. This review highlights molecular insights into immune processes related to atherosclerosis and potential future translational approaches targeting these molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sauter
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H. F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Luebeck, University Hospital, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: H. F. Langer,
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8
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Sauter M, Sauter RJ, Nording H, Lin C, Olbrich M, Autenrieth S, Gleissner C, Thunemann M, Otero N, Lutgens E, Aherrahrou Z, Wolf D, Zender L, Meuth S, Feil R, Langer HF. Apolipoprotein E derived from CD11c + cells ameliorates atherosclerosis. iScience 2022; 25:103677. [PMID: 35036868 PMCID: PMC8749187 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is studied in models with dysfunctional lipid homeostasis—predominantly the ApoE−/− mouse. The role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for lipid homeostasis is not clear. Using a LacZ reporter mouse, we showed that CD11c+ cells were enriched in aortae of ApoE−/− mice. Systemic long-term depletion of CD11c+ cells in ApoE−/− mice resulted in significantly increased plaque formation associated with reduced serum ApoE levels. In CD11ccre+ApoEfl/fl and Albumincre+ApoEfl/fl mice, we could show that ≈70% of ApoE is liver-derived and ≈25% originates from CD11c+ cells associated with significantly increased atherosclerotic plaque burden in both strains. Exposure to acLDL promoted cholesterol efflux from CD11c+ cells and cell-specific deletion of ApoE resulted in increased inflammation reflected by increased IL-1β serum levels. Our results determined for the first time the level of ApoE originating from CD11c+ cells and demonstrated that CD11c+ cells ameliorate atherosclerosis by the secretion of ApoE. CD11c+ cells are enriched in aortae of high cholesterol-fed ApoE−/- mice Depletion of CD11c+ cells increases plaque size in ApoE−/- mice ≈ 20% of serum ApoE derives from CD11c+ cells ApoE from CD11c+ cells contributes to protection from atherosclerosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Sauter
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard J Sauter
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Chaolan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Olbrich
- University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stella Autenrieth
- University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gleissner
- University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nadia Otero
- Philipps University Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- University Hospital Munich, Institute for Prophylaxis and Epidemiology of Circulatory Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- University of Luebeck, Institute of Cardiogenetics, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- University Hospital, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Meuth
- University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
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9
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Lécuyer E, Le Roy T, Gestin A, Lacombe A, Philippe C, Ponnaiah M, Huré JB, Fradet M, Ichou F, Boudebbouze S, Huby T, Gautier E, Rhimi M, Maguin E, Kapel N, Gérard P, Venteclef N, Garlatti M, Chassaing B, Lesnik P. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape a Transmissible Gut Microbiota That Protects From Metabolic Diseases. Diabetes 2021; 70:2067-2080. [PMID: 34078628 PMCID: PMC8576430 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excess chronic contact between microbial motifs and intestinal immune cells is known to trigger a low-grade inflammation involved in many pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. The important skewing of intestinal adaptive immunity in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) is well described, but how dendritic cells (DCs) participate in these changes is still poorly documented. To address this question, we challenged transgenic mice with enhanced DC life span and immunogenicity (DChBcl-2 mice) with a high-fat diet. Those mice display resistance to DIO and metabolic alterations. The DIO-resistant phenotype is associated with healthier parameters of intestinal barrier function and lower intestinal inflammation. DChBcl-2 DIO-resistant mice demonstrate a particular increase in tolerogenic DC numbers and function, which is associated with strong intestinal IgA, T helper 17, and regulatory T-cell immune responses. Microbiota composition and function analyses reveal that the DChBcl-2 mice microbiota is characterized by lower immunogenicity and an enhanced butyrate production. Cohousing experiments and fecal microbial transplantations are sufficient to transfer the DIO resistance status to wild-type mice, demonstrating that maintenance of DCs' tolerogenic ability sustains a microbiota able to drive DIO resistance. The tolerogenic function of DCs is revealed as a new potent target in metabolic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Lécuyer
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Le Roy
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne/INSERM, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (nutriOmics), Hôpital Pitié- Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Gestin
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Lacombe
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Huré
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Magali Fradet
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Samira Boudebbouze
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Thierry Huby
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Gautier
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Kapel
- Laboratoire de Coprologie Fonctionnelle, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1139, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Garlatti
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
- INSERM, U1016, Team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases," Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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10
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Muhammad K, Ayoub MA, Iratni R. Vascular Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: Is Immune System Protective or Bystander? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2141-2150. [PMID: 33461451 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210118121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic atherosclerosis induced vascular inflammation and perturbation of lipid metabolism is believed to be a major cause of CVD. Interplay of innate and adaptive Immune system has been interwined with various risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in CVD. A large body of evidence indicates a correlation between immunity and atherosclerosis. Retention of plasma lipoproteins in arterial subendothelial wall triggers the T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and monocyte-derived macrophages to form atherosclerotic plaques. In the present review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of CVD in relation to atherosclerosis with a particular focus on pro-atherogenic role of immune cells. Recent findings have also suggested anti-atherogenic roles of different B cell subsets. Therapeutic approaches to target atherosclerosis risk factors have reduced the mortality, but a need exists for the novel therapies to treat arterial vascular inflammation. These insights into the immune pathogenesis of atherosclerosis can lead to new targeted therapeutics to abate cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed A Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Sun J, Kumar Panda P, Kumar Samal S, Ahuja R, Ajeganova S, Hafström I, Liu A, Frostegård J. Effects of Atorvastatin on T-Cell Activation and Apoptosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Novel Simulated Interactions With C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin 6. ACR Open Rheumatol 2021; 3:642-653. [PMID: 34302321 PMCID: PMC8449041 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We study activation of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and induction of apoptosis in cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with controls and effects of atorvastatin and its simulated interactions with other compounds. Methods Mononuclear cells from 10 patients with SLE and 10 controls were cultured in conditions that induce Th17 and/or Treg cell polarization and/or apoptosis and were studied by FACScan. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Cytokines in plasma were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH) was used to retrieve information regarding the binding properties of atorvastatin. Results Among patients with SLE, the proportion of Th17 (CD4+IL17+) cells was higher compared with controls after activation, with Th17 or Treg polarizing cytokines, phorbol myristate acetate, and ionomycin. In contrast, Treg cells (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/−) frequencies were lower. CD95 stimulation induced relatively more apoptosis in Treg cells and less in Th17 cells, as compared with controls. Addition of atorvastatin normalized Th17/Treg cell balance and apoptosis induction. Accordingly, the ratio of RORC/FoxP3 decreased in patients with SLE. Interleukin 17 and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels were increased in patients with SLE. Atorvastatin interacted strongly with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and also significantly with IL‐6. Conclusion There is a higher proportion of Th17 cells and a lower proportion of Treg cells in patients with SLE after activation. Th17 cells were more resistant than Treg cells to CD95‐induced apoptosis in SLE. Atorvastatin normalized these effects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism behind the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells with implications for treatment in SLE. We determine for the first time simulated interaction between atorvastatin, CRP, and IL‐6, implying a novel role of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Sun
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Uppsala University and Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Ajeganova
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anquan Liu
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Xu Y. A myriad of roles of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:12-27. [PMID: 34109619 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with break-down of homeostatic immune regulation of vascular tissues. As a critical initiator of host immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) have also been identified in the aorta of healthy individuals and atherosclerotic patients, whose roles in regulating arterial inflammation aroused great interest. Accumulating evidence has now pointed to the fundamental roles for DCs in every developmental stage of atherosclerosis due to their myriad of functions in immunity and tolerance induction, ranging from lipid uptake, efferocytosis and antigen presentation to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine secretion. In this study we provide a timely summary of the published works in this field, and comprehensively discuss both the direct and indirect roles of DCs in atherogenesis. Understanding the pathogenic roles of DCs during the development of atherosclerosis in vascular tissues would certainly help to open therapeutic avenue to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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13
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Lin B, Xie W, Zeng C, Wu X, Chen A, Li H, Jiang R, Li P. Transfer of exosomal microRNA-203-3p from dendritic cells to bone marrow-derived macrophages reduces development of atherosclerosis by downregulating Ctss in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15638-15658. [PMID: 34077394 PMCID: PMC8221304 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-derived exosomes have been proven to be efficient adjuvant options for anti-tumor vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. However, their potency in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here we summarize the association of microRNA-203-3p (miR-203-3p) with dendritic cell-derived exosomes and atherosclerosis. Firstly, dendritic cell-derived exosomes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated, after which expression of miR-203-3p and cathepsin S was determined. After the establishment of atherosclerosis mouse models, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted for the analysis of effects of miR-203-3p and cathepsin S on foam-cell formation, lipid accumulation, collagen deposition and serum total cholesterol. The results found high expression of cathepsin S in atherosclerosis mice and downregulation of miR-203-3p in the serum of atherosclerosis patients and ox-LDL-simulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cathepsin S was the target gene of miR-203-3p. miR-203-3p transporting from exosomes to bone marrow-derived macrophages resulted in inhibition of cathepsin S expression and atherosclerosis-related phenotypes in bone marrow-derived macrophages, thus alleviating atherosclerosis in mice, and this process was found to involve the p38/MAPK signaling pathway. These findings provided evidence that the transfer of miR-203-3p by dendritic cell-derived exosomes targeted cathepsin S in bone marrow-derived macrophages to attenuate atherosclerosis progression in mice, serving as a promising clinical target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyou Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin First People’s Hospital and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin 537000, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin First People’s Hospital and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin 537000, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin First People’s Hospital and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin 537000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention and Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention and Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin First People’s Hospital and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin 537000, P.R. China
| | - Rina Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin First People’s Hospital and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin 537000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin First People’s Hospital and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin 537000, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The preference of DCs for sugar or lipid affects its phenotypes and functions. In many diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), diabetes mellitus and tumor, altered glucose or lipid level in microenvironment makes DCs exert ineffective or opposite immune roles, which accelerates the development of these diseases. In this article, we review the metabolism pathways of glucose and cholesterol in DCs, and the effects of metabolic changes on the phenotype and function of DCs. In addition, we discuss the effects of changes in glucose and lipid levels on DCs in the context of different diseases for better understanding the relationship between DCs and diseases. The immune metabolism of DCs may be a potential intervention link to treat metabolic-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Long
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Bersanelli M, Cortellini A, Buti S. The interplay between cholesterol (and other metabolic conditions) and immune-checkpoint immunotherapy: shifting the concept from the "inflamed tumor" to the "inflamed patient". Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1930-1934. [PMID: 33427023 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1852872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The predictive ability of metabolic conditions, such as hypercholesterolemia, on the outcome of cancer patients to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, has been recently explored. The reasons for their value in this setting are to be searched in the individual himself more than in his tumor, as the target of the immune-checkpoint blockade is the immune system. The efficacy of ICIs on the tumor may be based on two simple premises: 1) the physiological immune function has been blocked, and 2) the tumor progression (mainly) depends on this block. The metabolic syndrome may represent the epiphenomenon of an "inflamed patient," no longer able of physiological functions required to prevent chronic inflammatory events. The metabolic dysfunction could represent merely "a biomarker" of the patient who satisfies both the two premises reported above. Suggestions from preclinical and translational researches should be transferred in the clinical setting, implementing randomized clinical trials with observational endpoints such as the effect of concomitant drug medications and the impact of blood cholesterol levels and other metabolic conditions on the outcome of ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bersanelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, St. Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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Wang F, Liang S, Hu J, Xu Y. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor connects dysregulated immune cells to atherosclerosis. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:55-63. [PMID: 33053378 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune components, atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that the development of atherosclerosis is strongly linked to the functional activities of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a chemical sensor that is also important for the development, maintenance, and function of a variety of immune cells. In this review, we focus on the impact of AHR signaling on the different cell types that are closely related to the atherogenesis, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, foam cells, and hematopoietic stem cells in the arterial walls, and summarize the latest development on the interplay between this environmental sensor and immune cells in the context of atherosclerosis. Hopefully, elucidation of the role of AHR in atherosclerosis will facilitate the understanding of case variation in disease prevalence and may aid in the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shuangchao Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jiqiong Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Geesje Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Simona Negrini
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Rasheed A, Robichaud S, Nguyen MA, Geoffrion M, Wyatt H, Cottee ML, Dennison T, Pietrangelo A, Lee R, Lagace TA, Ouimet M, Rayner KJ. Loss of MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein) Decreases Necrotic Core but Increases Macrophage Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1155-1167. [PMID: 32212851 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the advancement of atherosclerosis, plaque cellularity is governed by the influx of monocyte-derived macrophages and their turnover via apoptotic and nonapoptotic forms of cell death. Previous reports have demonstrated that programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, of plaque macrophages contribute to necrotic core formation. Knockdown or inhibition of the necrosome components RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1) and RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) slow atherogenesis, and activation of the terminal step of necroptosis, MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein), has been demonstrated in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. However, whether MLKL directly contributes to lesion development and necrotic core formation has not been investigated. Approaches and Results: MLKL expression was knocked down in atherogenic Apoe-knockout mice via the administration of antisense oligonucleotides. During atherogenesis, Mlkl knockdown decreased both programmed cell death and the necrotic core in the plaque. However, total lesion area remained unchanged. Furthermore, treatment with the MLKL antisense oligonucleotide unexpectedly reduced circulating cholesterol levels compared with control antisense oligonucleotide but increased the accumulation of lipids within the plaque and in vitro in macrophage foam cells. MLKL colocalized with the late endosome and multivesicular bodies in peritoneal macrophages incubated with atherogenic lipoproteins. Transfection with MLKL antisense oligonucleotide increased lipid localization with the multivesicular bodies, suggesting that upon Mlkl knockdown, lipid trafficking becomes defective leading to enhanced lipid accumulation in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm the requirement for MLKL as the executioner of necroptosis, and as such a significant contributor to the necrotic core during atherogenesis. We also identified a previously unknown role for MLKL in regulating endosomal trafficking to facilitate lipid handling in macrophages during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Rasheed
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Sabrina Robichaud
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.).,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (S.R., M.-A.N., M.L.C., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - My-Anh Nguyen
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.).,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (S.R., M.-A.N., M.L.C., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Michele Geoffrion
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Hailey Wyatt
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Mary Lynn Cottee
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.).,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (S.R., M.-A.N., M.L.C., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Taylor Dennison
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Antonietta Pietrangelo
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Richard Lee
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery Group, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (R.L.)
| | - Thomas A Lagace
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.).,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (S.R., M.-A.N., M.L.C., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.).,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (S.R., M.-A.N., M.L.C., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (A.R., S.R., M.-A.N., M.G., H.W., M.L.C., T.D., A.P., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.).,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (S.R., M.-A.N., M.L.C., T.A.L., M.O., K.J.R.)
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19
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Shi L, Ji Q, Liu L, Shi Y, Lu Z, Ye J, Zeng T, Xue Y, Yang Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Huang X, Qin Q, Li T, Lin Y. IL-22 produced by Th22 cells aggravates atherosclerosis development in ApoE -/- mice by enhancing DC-induced Th17 cell proliferation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3064-3078. [PMID: 32022386 PMCID: PMC7077608 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Th22 cells are a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that primarily mediate biological effects through IL-22, with both Th22 cells and IL-22 being closely associated with multiple autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether and how Th22 cells affect atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice and age-matched C57BL/6J mice were fed a Western diet for 0, 4, 8 or 12 weeks. The results of dynamic analyses showed that Th22 cells, which secrete the majority of IL-22 among the known CD4+ cells, play a major role in atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice fed a Western diet for 12 weeks and administered recombinant mouse IL-22 (rIL-22) developed substantially larger plaques in both the aorta and aortic root and higher levels of CD3+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, collagen, IL-6, Th17 cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and pSTAT3 but lower smooth muscle cell (SMC) α-actin expression than the control mice. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-22 monoclonal antibody (IL-22 mAb) reversed the above effects. Bone marrow-derived DCs exhibited increased differentiation into mature DCs following rIL-22 and ox-LDL stimulation. IL-17 and pSTAT3 were up-regulated after stimulation with IL-22 and ox-LDL in cells cocultured with CD4+ T cells and mature DC supernatant, but this up-regulation was significantly inhibited by IL-6mAb or the cell-permeable STAT3 inhibitor S31-201. Thus, Th22 cell-derived IL-22 aggravates atherosclerosis development through a mechanism that is associated with IL-6/STAT3 activation, DC-induced Th17 cell proliferation and IL-22-stimulated SMC dedifferentiation into a synthetic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Zhengde Lu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Zicong Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Jianyong Lu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Xinshun Huang
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Qiuwen Qin
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Tianzhu Li
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Ying‐zhong Lin
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
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20
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Tian D, Hong H, Shang W, Ho CC, Dong J, Tian XY. Deletion of Ppard in CD11c + cells attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:3367-3378. [PMID: 31919912 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902069r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ppardδ, one of the lipid-activated nuclear receptor expressed in many cell types to activate gene transcription, also regulates cellular functions other than lipid metabolism. The mechanism regulating the function of antigen-presenting cells during the development of atherosclerosis is not fully understood. Here we aimed to study the involvement of PPARδ in CD11c+ cells in atherosclerosis. We used the Cre-loxP approach to make conditional deletion of Ppard in CD11c+ cells in mice on Apoe-/- background, which were fed with high cholesterol diet to develop atherosclerosis. Ppard deficiency in CD11c+ cells attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation and infiltration of myeloid-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes. Reduced lesion was accompanied by reduced activation of dendritic cells, and also a reduction of activation and differentiation of T cells to Th1 cells. In addition, DC migration to lymph node was also attenuated with Ppard deletion. In bone marrow-derived DCs, Ppard deficiency reduced palmitic acid-induced upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL12 and TNFα. Our results indicated PPARδ activation by fatty acid resulted in the activation of myeloid DCs and subsequent polarization of T lymphocytes, which contributed to atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. These findings also reveal the potential regulatory role of PPARδ in antigen presentation to orchestrate the immune responses during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiling Hong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wenbin Shang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chin Chung Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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21
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Ye Z, Zhong L, Zhu S, Wang Y, Zheng J, Wang S, Zhang J, Huang R. The P-selectin and PSGL-1 axis accelerates atherosclerosis via activation of dendritic cells by the TLR4 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10:507. [PMID: 31263109 PMCID: PMC6602970 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
P-selectin and dendritic cells (DCs) are associated with atherosclerosis. However, their interactions in this setting are undefined. Herein, we investigated the role of P-selectin and its receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1 on atherosclerosis via activation of DCs. In the current study, a total of 34 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 34 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Serum concentration of P-selectin was higher and the myeloid DC/plasmacytoid DC (mDC/pDC) ratio was lower in STEMI patients than in normal individuals. Interestingly, in STEMI patients, P-selectin was decreased and the mDC/pDC ratio was increased at 5–7 days after successful percutaneous coronary intervention, as compared with values on admission. Serum P-selectin was inversely correlated with the mDC/pDC ratio. Moreover, ApoE−/−P−/− and ApoE−/−PSGL-1−/− mice developed small atherosclerotic plaques after feeding of a western diet for 12 weeks and DC infiltration was significantly reduced. P-selectin stimulation markedly induced phenotypic maturation, enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, communication with T cells, and the adhesion and migration of DCs. In vivo, DC maturation was significantly attenuated in P-selectin and PSGL1 knockout mice under hypercholesterolemic and inflammatory conditions. These effects were associated with the activation of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)-dependent and MyD88-independent Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways. Taken together, binding of P-selectin to PSGL-1 on DCs contributes to atherosclerosis progression via DC activation via the TLR4 signaling pathway.
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22
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Marvin J, Rhoads JP, Major AS. FcγRIIb on CD11c + cells modulates serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and differentially affects atherosclerosis in male and female Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285:108-119. [PMID: 31051414 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circulating levels of oxidized lipoprotein (oxLDL) correlate with myocardial infarction risk and atherosclerosis severity. Our previous study demonstrates that oxLDL immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) can signal through FcγRs on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and enhance their activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. While global FcγR-/- studies have shown that activating FcγRs are proatherogenic, the role of the inhibitory FcγRIIb is unclear. We sought to determine the role of DC-specific FcγRIIb in atherosclerosis. METHODS Bone marrow chimeras were generated by rescuing lethally irradiated Ldlr-/- mice with hematopoietic cells from littermate CD11c-Cre+ or CD11c-Cre-Fcgr2bfl/fl donors. Four weeks following transplant, recipients were placed on a Western diet for eight weeks. Various tissues and organs were analyzed for differences in inflammation. RESULTS Quantitation of atherosclerosis in the proximal aorta demonstrated a 58% increase in female CD11c-Cre+Fcgr2bfl/fl recipients, but a surprising 44% decrease in male recipients. Hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides were increased in female CD11c-Cre+Fcgr2bfl/fl recipients. This was associated with an increase in CD36 and MHC Class II expression on hepatic CD11c+CD11b+ DCs in female livers. In contrast, male CD11c-Cre+Fcgr2bfl/fl recipients had decreased hepatic lipids with a corresponding decrease in CD36 and MHC Class II expression on CD11c+ cells. Interestingly, both sexes of CD11c-Cre+Fcgr2bfl/fl recipients had significant decreases in serum cholesterol and TGs with corresponding decreases in liver Fasn transcripts. CONCLUSIONS The absence of FcγRIIb expression on CD11c+ cells results in sex-dependent alteration in liver inflammation influencing atherogenesis and sex-independent modulation of serum cholesterol and TGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Marvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jillian P Rhoads
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amy S Major
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell's phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Douna H, Amersfoort J, Schaftenaar FH, Kroon S, van Puijvelde GHM, Kuiper J, Foks AC. Bidirectional effects of IL-10 + regulatory B cells in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 280:118-25. [PMID: 30500604 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Limiting the pro-inflammatory immune response is critical for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) can modulate the immune response through interleukin-10 (IL-10). Current data regarding Bregs and atherosclerosis is scarce and conflicting. METHODS In this study, we investigated the frequency of IL-10+ B cells during the development of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice and studied the effect of adoptive transfer of IL-10+ B cells on atherosclerosis. RESULTS We found a very strong inverse correlation between atherosclerosis severity and the frequency of IL-10+ B cells. This effect was cholesterol-independent and observed in spleen, draining lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity. To directly assess the effects of IL-10+ B cells on atherosclerosis, we expanded IL-10+ B cells ex vivo with anti-CD40 and selected pure and viable IL-10-secreting B cells and IL-10- B cells and adoptively transferred them to Ldlr-/- mice, respectively. While IL-10- B cells were strongly atherogenic compared to control-treated mice, IL-10+ B cells did not affect lesion size. Adoptive transfer of IL-10+ B cells strongly reduced circulating leukocyte numbers and inflammatory monocytes. In addition, they decreased CD4+ T cell activation and increased IL-10+ CD4+ T cell numbers. Interestingly, both IL-10+ and IL-10- B cells exacerbated serum cholesterol levels and resulted in fatty livers, which potentially masked the beneficial effects of IL-10+ B cells on atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the strong immune-regulating function of IL-10+ B cells and provide additional incentives to explore effective strategies that expand IL-10+ B cells in atherosclerosis.
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25
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Zheng Y, Zheng X, Li S, Zhang H, Liu M, Yang Q, Zhang M, Sun Y, Wu J, Yu B. Identification of key genes and pathways in regulating immune‑induced diseases of dendritic cells by bioinformatic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7585-7594. [PMID: 29620200 PMCID: PMC5983944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) serve crucial roles in the activation of the immune response, and imbalance in the activation or inhibition of DCs has been associated with an increased susceptibility to develop immune-induced diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of regulating immune-induced diseases of DCs are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to identify the gene signatures and uncover the potential regulatory mechanisms in DCs. A total of 4 gene expression profiles (GSE52894, GSE72893, GSE75938 and GSE77969) were integrated and analyzed in depth. In total, 241 upregulated genes and 365 downregulated genes were detected. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the inflammatory response, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and antigen processing. The top 10 hub genes were identified from the protein-protein analysis. The most significant 2 modules were filtered from the protein-protein network. The genes in 2 modules were involved in type I interferon signaling, the NF-κB signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. Furthermore, the microRNA-mRNA network analysis was performed. The results of the present study revealed that the identified DEGs and pathways may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of the maturation of DCs, and the candidate hub genes that may be therapeutic targets for immune-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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26
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Clément M, Haddad Y, Raffort J, Lareyre F, Newland SA, Master L, Harrison J, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Bruneval P, Binder CJ, Taleb S, Mallat Z. Deletion of IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8)-Dependent Dendritic Cells Abrogates Proatherogenic Adaptive Immunity. Circ Res 2018; 122:813-820. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
Despite an established role for adaptive immune responses in atherosclerosis, the contribution of dendritic cells (DCs) and their various subsets is still poorly understood.
Objective:
Here, we address the role of IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8)-dependent DCs (lymphoid CD8α
+
and their developmentally related nonlymphoid CD103
+
DCs) in the induction of proatherogenic immune responses during high fat feeding.
Methods and Results:
Using a fate-mapping technique to track DCs originating from a DNGR1
+
(dendritic cell natural killer lectin group receptor 1) precursor (
Clec9a
+/cre
Rosa
+/EYFP
mice), we first show that YFP
hi
CD11c
hi
MHCII
hi
(major histocompatibility complex class II) DCs are present in the atherosclerotic aorta of low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (
Ldlr
−/−
) mice and are CD11b
–
CD103
+
IRF8
hi
. Restricted deletion of IRF8 in DCs (
Irf8
flox/flox
Cd11c
Cre
) reduces the accumulation of CD11c
hi
MHCII
hi
DCs in the aorta without affecting CD11b
+
CD103
–
DCs or macrophages but completely abolishes the accumulation of aortic CD11b
–
CD103
+
DCs. Lymphoid CD8α
+
DCs are also deleted. This is associated with a significant reduction of aortic T-cell accumulation and a marked reduction of high-fat diet–induced systemic T-cell priming, activation, and differentiation toward T helper type 1 cells, T follicular helper cells, and regulatory T cells. As a consequence, B-cell activation and germinal center responses to high-fat diet are also markedly reduced. IRF8 deletion in DCs significantly reduces the development of atherosclerosis, predominantly in the aortic sinus, despite a modest increase in total plasma cholesterol levels.
Conclusions:
IRF8 expression in DCs plays a nonredundant role in the development of proatherogenic adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Clément
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Yacine Haddad
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Juliette Raffort
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Fabien Lareyre
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Stephen A. Newland
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Leanne Master
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - James Harrison
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Maria Ozsvar-Kozma
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Soraya Taleb
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
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Gil-Pulido J, Zernecke A. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Manthey H, Zernecke A. Dendritic cells in atherosclerosis: Functions in immune regulation and beyond. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:772-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-05-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SummaryChronic inflammation drives the development of atherosclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are known as central mediators of adaptive immune responses and the development of immunological memory and tolerance. DCs are present in non-diseased arteries, and accumulate within atherosclerotic lesions where they can be localised in close vicinity to T cells. Recent work has revealed important functions of DCs in regulating immune mechanisms in atherogenesis, and vaccination strategies using DCs have been explored for treatment of disease. However, in line with a phenotypical and functional overlap with plaque macrophages vascular DCs were also identified to engulf lipids, thus contributing to lipid burden in the vessel wall and initiation of lesion growth. Furthermore, a function of DCs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis has been revealed. Finally, phenotypically distinct plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been identified within atherosclerotic lesions. This review will dissect the multifaceted contribution of DCs and pDCs to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and the experimental approaches utilising DCs in therapeutic vaccination strategies.
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29
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Ye Z, Jin M, Wang S, Zhang J, Song X, Huang R. Subcutaneous injection of dendritic cells aggravates atherosclerosis in ApoE‑knockout mice by activation of TLR4. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6041-6049. [PMID: 28849148 PMCID: PMC5865807 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen‑presenting cells which are important in immune diseases, in particular atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, however their role in atherosclerosis‑associated immunity is unclear. To evaluate the role of DCs in atherosclerosis, exogenous bone marrow‑derived DCs were transferred into ApoE‑/‑ mice in the present study. The extent of disease was measured in the aorta and was compared with mice treated with phosphate‑buffered saline (PBS) or left untreated and fed a western diet. Mice receiving exogenous DCs demonstrated significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions compared with the mice treated with PBS, with increasing numbers of mature DCs in circulation and enhanced DC infiltration into plaque lesions, in addition to activation of circulating inflammatory components and atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that exogenous DCs upregulated the expression of Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DCs, which may be an important mechanism to activate DCs and aggravate atherosclerosis. Therefore the present study concluded that exogenous DCs may induce maturation of endogenous DCs via upregulation of TLR4, further increasing the inflammatory response and accelerating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuai Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Kusters P, Seijkens T, Bürger C, Legein B, Winkels H, Gijbels M, Barthels C, Bennett R, Beckers L, Atzler D, Biessen E, Brocker T, Weber C, Gerdes N, Lutgens E. Constitutive CD40 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Limits Atherosclerosis by Provoking Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ensuing Cholesterol Malabsorption. Am J Pathol 2017; 187:2912-2919. [PMID: 28935569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory molecule CD40 is a major driver of atherosclerosis. It is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, including mature dendritic cells (DCs), and is required for optimal T-cell activation and expansion. It remains undetermined whether and how CD40 on DCs impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, the effects of constitutively active CD40 in DCs on atherosclerosis were examined using low-density lipoprotein-deficient (Ldlr-/-) bone marrow chimeras that express a transgene containing an engineered latent membrane protein 1 (LMP)/CD40 fusion protein conferring constitutive CD40 signaling under control of the DC-specific CD11c promoter (DC-LMP1/CD40). As expected, DC-LMP1/CD40/Ldlr-/- chimeras (DC-LMP1/CD40) showed increased antigen-presenting capacity of DCs and increased T-cell numbers. However, the mice developed extensive neutrophilia compared to CD40wt/Ldlr-/- (CD40wt) chimeras. Despite overt T-cell expansion and neutrophilia, a reduction in conventional DC frequency and a dramatic (approximately 80%) reduction in atherosclerosis was observed. Further analyses revealed that cholesterol and triglyceride levels had decreased by 37% and 60%, respectively, in DC-LMP1/CD40 chimeras. Moreover, DC-LMP1/CD40 chimeras developed inflammatory bowel disease characterized by massive transmural influx of leukocytes and lymphocytes, resulting in villous degeneration and lipid malabsorption. Constitutive activation of CD40 in DCs results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby impairing lipid uptake, which consequently results in attenuated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Bürger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart Legein
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Barthels
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Remy Bennett
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institut for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Gil-Pulido J, Cochain C, Lippert MA, Schneider N, Butt E, Amézaga N, Zernecke A. Deletion of Batf3-dependent antigen-presenting cells does not affect atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181947. [PMID: 28771609 PMCID: PMC5542449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause for cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke and its development might be influenced by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells and releasing a variety of cytokines. Several subsets of DCs can be discriminated that engage specific transcriptional pathways for their development. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (Batf3) is required for the development of classical CD8α+ and CD103+ DCs. By crossing mice deficient in Batf3 with atherosclerosis-prone low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr-/-)-deficient mice we here aimed to further address the contribution of Batf3-dependent CD8α+ and CD103+ antigen-presenting cells to atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that deficiency in Batf3 entailed mild effects on the immune response in the spleen but did not alter atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aorta or aortic root, nor affected plaque phenotype in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed a high fat diet. We thus provide evidence that Batf3-dependent antigen-presenting cells do not have a prominent role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Gil-Pulido
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte A. Lippert
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elke Butt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Núria Amézaga
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Béliard S, Le Goff W, Saint-Charles F, Poupel L, Deswaerte V, Bouchareychas L, Huby T, Lesnik P. Modulation of Gr1 low monocyte subset impacts insulin sensitivity and weight gain upon high-fat diet in female mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1805-14. [PMID: 28769122 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Blood monocytes are expanded during obesity. However, the differential contribution of monocyte subsets in obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unknown. The aim of the study was to define the role of the Gr1low monocyte subset upon high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: We used transgenic female mouse models allowing the modulation of circulating Gr1low monocyte number (decreased number in CX3CR1−/− mice and increased number in CD11c-hBcl2 mice) and studied obesity upon HFD. Results: We reported here that HFD induced monocytosis in mice, preferentially due to Gr1low monocyte expansion, and was associated with a specific upregulation of CD11c on that subset. Using mice models with altered Gr1low monocyte number, we found a striking correlation between Gr1low monocytes, bodyweight (BW) and insulin resistance (RT) status. Indeed, CX3CR1−/− female mice, with reduced Gr1low monocytes upon HFD, showed increased RT and a pro-inflammatory profile of the adipose tissue (AT) despite a lower BW. Conversely, mice expressing the anti-apoptotic gene hBcl2 in CD11c-expressing cells have increased Gr1low monocytes, higher insulin sensitivity upon HFD and an anti-inflammatory profile of the AT. Finally, increasing Gr1low monocytes in Gr1low-defective CX3CR1−/− mice rescued BW loss in these mice. Conclusions: By using transgenic female mice and adoptive transfer experiments, we established the evidence for a correlation between Gr1low monocyte subset and weight gain and RT. Hence, this specific Gr1low monocyte subset could be used as a target for acting on AT inflammation and RT.
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Baratin M, Simon L, Jorquera A, Ghigo C, Dembele D, Nowak J, Gentek R, Wienert S, Klauschen F, Malissen B, Dalod M, Bajénoff M. T Cell Zone Resident Macrophages Silently Dispose of Apoptotic Cells in the Lymph Node. Immunity 2017; 47:349-362.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Berbée JFP, Mol IM, Milne GL, Pollock E, Hoeke G, Lütjohann D, Monaco C, Rensen PCN, van der Ploeg LHT, Shchepinov MS. Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against atherosclerosis by lowering lipid peroxidation and hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2017; 264:100-107. [PMID: 28655430 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is a crucial step in atherosclerosis development. Isotopic-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs) are more resistant to reactive oxygen species-initiated chain reaction of lipid peroxidation than regular hydrogenated (H-)PUFAs. We aimed at investigating the effect of D-PUFA treatment on lipid peroxidation, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. METHODS Transgenic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like lipoprotein metabolism, were pre-treated with D-PUFAs or control H-PUFAs-containing diet (1.2%, w/w) for 4 weeks. Thereafter, mice were fed a Western-type diet (containing 0.15% cholesterol, w/w) for another 12 weeks, while continuing the D-/H-PUFA treatment. RESULTS D-PUFA treatment markedly decreased hepatic and plasma F2-isoprostanes (approx. -80%) and prostaglandin F2α (approx. -40%) as compared to H-PUFA treatment. Moreover, D-PUFAs reduced body weight gain during the study (-54%) by decreasing body fat mass gain (-87%) without altering lean mass. D-PUFAs consistently reduced plasma total cholesterol levels (approx. -25%), as reflected in reduced plasma non-HDL-cholesterol (-28%). Additional analyses of hepatic cholesterol metabolism indicated that D-PUFAs reduced the hepatic cholesterol content (-21%). Sterol markers of intestinal cholesterol absorption and cholesterol breakdown were decreased. Markers of cholesterol synthesis were increased. Finally, D-PUFAs reduced atherosclerotic lesion area formation throughout the aortic root of the heart (-26%). CONCLUSIONS D-PUFAs reduce body weight gain, improve cholesterol handling and reduce atherosclerosis development by reducing lipid peroxidation and plasma cholesterol levels. D-PUFAs, therefore, represent a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of lipid peroxidation, and combat hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy F P Berbée
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Metabolic Research Services, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel M Mol
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Metabolic Research Services, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Erik Pollock
- University of Arkansas, Stable Isotope Laboratory, 850 W Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Geerte Hoeke
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Metabolic Research Services, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Metabolic Research Services, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lin W, Wang W, Wang D, Ling W. Quercetin protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting dendritic cell activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28457022 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Quercetin is a typical flavonol with atheroprotective effects, but the effect of quercetin on dendritic cell (DC) maturation in relation to atherosclerosis has not yet been clearly defined. Thus, we investigated whether quercetin can inhibit DC maturation and evaluated its potential value in atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Quercetin consumption inhibited DC activation, inflammatory response and suppressed the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Subsequently, quercetin treatment inhibited the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs, as evidenced not only by downregulation of CD80, CD86, MHC-II, IL-6 and IL-12 but also by a reduction in the ability to stimulate T cell allogeneic proliferation. Finally, an in vitro study demonstrated that quercetin inhibited DC maturation via upregulation of Dabs, which then downregulated the Src/PI3K/Akt-NF-κB-inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that quercetin attenuates atherosclerosis progression by regulating DC activation via Dab2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
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Temmerman L, Westra MM, Bot I, van Vlijmen BJM, van Bree N, Bot M, Habets KLL, Keulers TGH, van der Vlag J, Cotter TG, van Berkel TJC, Biessen EAL. Leukocyte Bim deficiency does not impact atherogenesis in ldlr -/- mice, despite a pronounced induction of autoimmune inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3086. [PMID: 28596542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim is particularly relevant for deletion of autoreactive and activated T and B cells, implicating Bim in autoimmunity. As atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process with features of autoimmune disease, we investigated the impact of hematopoietic Bim deficiency on plaque formation and parameters of plaque stability. Bim−/− or wild type bone marrow transplanted ldlr−/− mice were fed a Western type diet (WTD) for 5 or 10 weeks, after which they were immunophenotyped and atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed. Bim−/− transplanted mice displayed splenomegaly and overt lymphocytosis. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were more activated (increased CD69 and CD71 expression, increased interferon gamma production). B cells were elevated by 147%, with a shift towards the pro-atherogenic IgG-producing B2 cell phenotype, resulting in a doubling of anti-oxLDL IgG1 antibody titers in serum of bim−/− mice. Bim−/− mice displayed massive intraplaque accumulation of Ig complexes and of lesional T cells, although this did not translate in changes in plaque size or stability features (apoptotic cell and macrophage content). The surprising lack in plaque phenotype despite the profound pro-atherogenic immune effects may be attributable to the sharp reduction of serum cholesterol levels in WTD fed bim−/− mice.
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Luo Y, Liu F, Liu H, Chen H, Cheng W, Dong S, Xiong W. Elevated serum IL-39 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was related with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Biomark Med 2017; 11:419-426. [PMID: 28379039 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the changes and significance of circulating IL-39 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients & methods: Serum IL-39 levels in ACS patients and normal coronary arteries were measured. The correlations of IL-39 with high-sensitivity CRP, cTnI, N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction were investigated. Results: The serum levels of IL-39 in ACS patients were significantly increased. IL-39 levels were positively correlated with NTproBNP, high-sensitivity CRP and cTnI, negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction in ACS patients. The most significant correlation arose between serum IL-39 and NTproBNP in STEMI patients (r = 0.8309; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Circulating level of IL-39 might be a predictor of cardiac systolic dysfunction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Hongdan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Wenfei Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
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Li Y, Liu X, Duan W, Tian H, Zhu G, He H, Yao S, Yi S, Song W, Tang H. Batf3-dependent CD8α + Dendritic Cells Aggravates Atherosclerosis via Th1 Cell Induction and Enhanced CCL5 Expression in Plaque Macrophages. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:188-198. [PMID: 28411140 PMCID: PMC5405198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in controlling T cell-mediated adaptive immunity in atherogenesis. However, the role of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 (Batf3)-dependent CD8α+ DC subset in atherogenesis remains unclear. Here we show that Batf3−/− Apoe−/− mice, lacking CD8α+ DCs, exhibited a significant reduction in atherogenesis and T help 1 (Th1) cells compared with Apoe−/− controls. Then, we found that CD8α+ DCs preferentially induce Th1 cells via secreting interleukin-12 (IL-12), and that the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)or chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in aorta were significantly decreased in Batf3−/− Apoe−/− mice. We further demonstrated that macrophages were the major CCL5-expressing cells in the plaque, which was significantly reduced in Batf3−/− Apoe−/− mice. Furthermore, we found CCL5 expression in macrophages was promoted by IFN-γ. Finally, we showed that Batf3−/− Apoe−/− mice displayed decreased infiltration of leukocytes in the plaque. Thus, CD8α+ DCs aggravated atherosclerosis, likely by inducing Th1 cell response, which promoted CCL5 expression in macrophages and increased infiltration of leukocytes and lesion inflammation. Ablation of CD8α+ DCs in Batf3−/− Apoe−/− mice alleviated atherosclerosis, reduced Th1 cells and CCL5 expression. Th1 cell cytokine IFN-γ promoted CCL5 expression in macrophages. Reduction of Th1 cells and CCL5 expression helps to explain decreased aortic accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes.
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in controlling T cell-mediated adaptive immunity in atherogenesis. However, the role of Batf3-dependent CD8α+ DC subset in atherogenesis remains unclear. Here we found that ablation of CD8α+ DCs in Batf3−/− Apoe−/− mice alleviated atherosclerosis. Our data suggested that Batf3-dependent CD8α+ DCs from western diet-treated mice preferentially induce Th1 cell polarization via secreting IL-12. Th1 cells promoted CCL5 expression on macrophages via IFN-γ secretion. Lack of CD8α+ DCs-dependent enhancement of Th1 cells and CCL5 expression might explain decreased aortic accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hao He
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shutong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Shuying Yi
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
The immune system is governed by an immensely complex network of cells and both intracellular and extracellular molecular factors. It must respond to an ever-growing number of biochemical and biophysical inputs by eliciting appropriate and specific responses in order to maintain homeostasis. But as with any complex system, a plethora of false positives and false negatives can occur to generate dysregulated responses. Dysregulated immune responses are essential components of diverse inflammation-driven pathologies, including cancer, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders. Nanoscale biomaterials (i.e., nanobiomaterials) have emerged as highly customizable platforms that can be engineered to interact with and direct immune responses, holding potential for the design of novel and targeted approaches to redirect or inhibit inflammation. Here, we present recent developments of nanobiomaterials that were rationally designed to target and modulate inflammatory cells and biochemical pathways for the treatment of immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Punn Augsornworawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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40
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Sage AP, Mallat Z. Readapting the adaptive immune response - therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3926-3939. [PMID: 28052311 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major global health issue, with the development of atherosclerosis as a major underlying cause. Our treatment of cardiovascular disease has improved greatly over the past three decades, but much remains to be done reduce disease burden. Current priorities include reducing atherosclerosis advancement to clinically significant stages and preventing plaque rupture or erosion. Inflammation and involvement of the adaptive immune system influences all these aspects and therefore is one focus for future therapeutic development. The atherosclerotic vascular wall is now recognized to be invaded from both sides (arterial lumen and adventitia), for better or worse, by the adaptive immune system. Atherosclerosis is also affected at several stages by adaptive immune responses, overall providing many opportunities to target these responses and to reduce disease progression. Protective influences that may be defective in diseased individuals include humoral responses to modified LDL and regulatory T cell responses. There are many strategies in development to boost these pathways in humans, including vaccine-based therapies. The effects of various existing adaptive immune targeting therapies, such as blocking critical co-stimulatory pathways or B cell depletion, on cardiovascular disease are beginning to emerge with important consequences for both autoimmune disease patients and the potential for wider use of such therapies. Entering the translation phase for adaptive immune targeting therapies is an exciting and promising prospect. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sage
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Rombouts M, Cools N, Grootaert MOJ, de Bakker F, Van Brussel I, Wouters A, De Meyer GRY, De Winter BY, Schrijvers DM. Long-Term Depletion of Conventional Dendritic Cells Cannot Be Maintained in an Atherosclerotic Zbtb46-DTR Mouse Model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169608. [PMID: 28060909 PMCID: PMC5218565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased evidence suggests a pro-atherogenic role for conventional dendritic cells (cDC). However, due to the lack of an exclusive marker for cDC, their exact contribution to atherosclerosis remains elusive. Recently, a unique transcription factor was described for cDC, namely Zbtb46, enabling us to selectively target this cell type in mice. METHODS Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were transplanted with bone marrow from Zbtb46-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic mice following total body irradiation. Zbtb46-DTR→Ldlr-/- chimeras were fed a Western-type diet for 18 weeks while cDC were depleted by administering diphtheria toxin (DT). RESULTS Although we confirmed efficient direct induction of cDC death in vitro and in vivo upon DT treatment of Zbtb46-DTR mice, advanced atherosclerotic plaque size and composition was not altered. Surprisingly, however, analysis of Zbtb46-DTR→Ldlr-/- chimeras showed that depletion of cDC was not sustained following 18 weeks of DT treatment. In contrast, high levels of anti-DT antibodies were detected. CONCLUSIONS Because of the observed generation of anti-DT antibodies and consequently the partial depletion of cDC, no clear decision can be taken on the role of cDC in atherosclerosis. Our results underline the unsuitability of Zbtb46-DTR→Ldlr-/- mice for studying the involvement of cDC in maintaining the disease process of atherosclerosis, as well as of other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miche Rombouts
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy O. J. Grootaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Flore de Bakker
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Brussel
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R. Y. De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M. Schrijvers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Yun TJ, Lee JS, Shim D, Choi JH, Cheong C. Isolation and Characterization of Aortic Dendritic Cells and Lymphocytes in Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1559:419-437. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6786-5_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Yi S, Allen SD, Liu YG, Ouyang BZ, Li X, Augsornworawat P, Thorp EB, Scott EA. Tailoring Nanostructure Morphology for Enhanced Targeting of Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis. ACS Nano 2016; 10:11290-11303. [PMID: 27935698 PMCID: PMC5418862 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of heart disease, results from chronic vascular inflammation that is driven by diverse immune cell populations. Nanomaterials may function as powerful platforms for diagnostic imaging and controlled delivery of therapeutics to inflammatory cells in atherosclerosis, but efficacy is limited by nonspecific uptake by cells of the mononuclear phagocytes system (MPS). MPS cells located in the liver, spleen, blood, lymph nodes, and kidney remove from circulation the vast majority of intravenously administered nanomaterials regardless of surface functionalization or conjugation of targeting ligands. Here, we report that nanostructure morphology alone can be engineered for selective uptake by dendritic cells (DCs), which are critical mediators of atherosclerotic inflammation. Employing near-infrared fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry as a multimodal approach, we compared organ and cellular level biodistributions of micelles, vesicles (i.e., polymersomes), and filomicelles, all assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)-bl-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-bl-PPS) block copolymers with identical surface chemistries. While micelles and filomicelles were respectively found to associate with liver macrophages and blood-resident phagocytes, polymersomes were exceptionally efficient at targeting splenic DCs (up to 85% of plasmacytoid DCs) and demonstrated significantly lower uptake by other cells of the MPS. In a mouse model of atherosclerosis, polymersomes demonstrated superior specificity for DCs (p < 0.005) in atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, significant differences in polymersome cellular biodistributions were observed in atherosclerotic compared to naïve mice, including impaired targeting of phagocytes in lymph nodes. These results present avenues for immunotherapies in cardiovascular disease and demonstrate that nanostructure morphology can be tailored to enhance targeting specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Sean David Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yu-Gang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Brian Zhou Ouyang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Xiaomo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Punn Augsornworawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Edward Benjamin Thorp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Evan Alexander Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, §Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, and ∥Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pathology and #Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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Jia R, Luo XQ, Wang G, Lin CX, Qiao H, Wang N, Yao T, Barclay JL, Whitehead JP, Luo X, Yan JQ. Characterization of cold-induced remodelling reveals depot-specific differences across and within brown and white adipose tissues in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:311-24. [PMID: 27064138 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate energy in the form of heat via mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, defending against hypothermia and potentially obesity. The latter has prompted renewed interest in understanding the processes involved in browning to realize the potential therapeutic benefits. To characterize the temporal profile of cold-induced changes and browning of brown and white adipose tissues in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were singly housed in conventional cages under cold exposure (4 °C) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days. Food intake and body weight were measured daily. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), inguinal subcutaneous (sWAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical, gene and protein expression analysis. RESULTS Upon cold exposure, food intake increased, whilst body weight and adipocyte size were found to be transiently reduced. iBAT mass was found to be increased, whilst sWAT and eWAT were found to be transiently decreased. A combination of morphological, genetic (Ucp-1, Pgc-1α and Elov13) and biochemical (UCP-1, PPARγ and aP2) analyses demonstrated the depot-specific remodelling in response to cold exposure. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the differential responses to cold-induced changes across discrete BAT and WAT depots and support the notion that the effects of short-term cold exposure are achieved by expansion, activation and increasing thermogenic capacity of iBAT, as well as browning of sWAT and, to a lesser extent, eWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- Department of Prosthodontics; College of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - X.-Q. Luo
- Department of Medicine; School of Public Health; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
| | - G. Wang
- Department of Biology; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - C.-X. Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - H. Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - N. Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - T. Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - J. L. Barclay
- Mater Research Institute; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - J. P. Whitehead
- Mater Research Institute; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - X. Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - J.-Q. Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases; Ministry of Education of China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. In the past, atherosclerosis was considered to be the result of passive lipid accumulation in the vessel wall. However, today's picture of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much more complex, with a key role for immune cells and inflammation in conjunction with hyperlipidemia, especially elevated (modified) LDL levels. Knowledge on immune cells and immune responses in atherosclerosis has progressed tremendously over the past decades, and the same is true for the role of lipid metabolism and the different lipid components. However, it is largely unknown how lipids and the immune system interact. In this review, we will describe the effect of lipids on immune cell development and function, and the effects of immune cells on lipid metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, novel data have emerged that show that immune cells are affected, and behave differently in a hyperlipidemic environment. Moreover, immune cells have reported to be able to affect lipid metabolism. SUMMARY In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on the interactions between lipids and the immune system, and we will discuss the potential consequences of these novel insights for future therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schaftenaar
- aDivision of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden bDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands cInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Rombouts M, Ammi R, Van Brussel I, Roth L, De Winter BY, Vercauteren SR, Hendriks JM, Lauwers P, Van Schil PE, De Meyer GR, Fransen E, Cools N, Schrijvers DM. Linking CD11b (+) Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer T Cells to Plaque Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6467375. [PMID: 27051078 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6467375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death and disability in our Western society. To investigate whether the dynamics of leukocyte (sub)populations could be predictive for plaque inflammation during atherosclerosis, we analyzed innate and adaptive immune cell distributions in blood, plaques, and lymphoid tissue reservoirs in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and in blood and plaques from patients undergoing endarterectomy. Firstly, there was predominance of the CD11b+ conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subset in the plaque. Secondly, a strong inverse correlation was observed between CD11b+ cDC or natural killer T (NKT) cells in blood and markers of inflammation in the plaque (including CD3, T-bet, CCR5, and CCR7). This indicates that circulating CD11b+ cDC and NKT cells show great potential to reflect the inflammatory status in the atherosclerotic plaque. Our results suggest that distinct changes in inflammatory cell dynamics may carry biomarker potential reflecting atherosclerotic lesion progression. This not only is crucial for a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis but also bares therapeutic potential, since immune cell-based therapies are emerging as a promising novel strategy in the battle against atherosclerosis and its associated comorbidities. The cDC-NKT cell interaction in atherosclerosis serves as a good candidate for future investigations.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder with a pathophysiology driven by both innate and adaptive immunity and a primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Vascular inflammation and accumulation of foam cells and their products induce maturation of atheromas, or plaques, which can rupture by metalloprotease action, leading to ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. Diverse immune cell populations participate in all stages of plaque maturation, many of which directly influence plaque stability and rupture via inflammatory mechanisms. Current clinical treatments for atherosclerosis focus on lowering serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) using therapeutics such as statins, administration of antithrombotic drugs, and surgical intervention. Strategies that address cell-mediated inflammation are lacking, and consequently have recently become an area of considerable research focus. Nanomaterials have emerged as highly advantageous tools for these studies, as they can be engineered to target specific inflammatory cell populations, deliver therapeutics of wide-ranging solubilities and enhance analytical methods that include imaging and proteomics. Furthermore, the highly phagocytic nature of antigen presenting cells (APCs), a diverse cell population central to the initiation of immune responses and inflammation, make them particularly amenable to targeting and modulation by nanoscale particulates. Nanomaterials have therefore become essential components of vaccine formulations and treatments for inflammation-driven pathologies like autoimmunity, and present novel opportunities for immunotherapeutic treatments of CVD. Here, we review recent progress in the design and use of nanomaterials for therapeutic assessment and treatment of atherosclerosis. We will focus on promising new approaches that utilize nanomaterials for cell-specific imaging, gene therapy and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Yu-Gang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Evan Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease. The accumulation of myeloid cells in the arterial intima, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), is a feature of early stages of disease. For decades, it has been known that monocyte recruitment to the intima contributes to the burden of lesion macrophages. Yet, this paradigm may require reevaluation in light of recent advances in understanding of tissue macrophage ontogeny, their capacity for self-renewal, as well as observations that macrophages proliferate throughout atherogenesis and that self-renewal is critical for maintenance of macrophages in advanced lesions. The rate of atherosclerotic lesion formation is profoundly influenced by innate and adaptive immunity, which can be regulated locally within atherosclerotic lesions, as well as in secondary lymphoid organs, the bone marrow and the blood. DCs are important modulators of immunity. Advances in the past decade have cemented our understanding of DC subsets, functions, hematopoietic origin, gene expression patterns, transcription factors critical for differentiation, and provided new tools for study of DC biology. The functions of macrophages and DCs overlap to some extent, thus it is important to reassess the contributions of each of these myeloid cells taking into account strict criteria of cell identification, ontogeny, and determine whether their key roles are within atherosclerotic lesions or secondary lymphoid organs. This review will highlight key aspect of macrophage and DC biology, summarize how these cells participate in different stages of atherogenesis and comment on complexities, controversies, and gaps in knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron I. Cybulsky
- From the Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I.C., C.S.R.); Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.I.C., C.S.R.) and Immunology (C.S.R.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Researches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (C.C.)
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- From the Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I.C., C.S.R.); Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.I.C., C.S.R.) and Immunology (C.S.R.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Researches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (C.C.)
| | - Clinton S. Robbins
- From the Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I.C., C.S.R.); Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.I.C., C.S.R.) and Immunology (C.S.R.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Researches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (C.C.)
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Frodermann V, van Duijn J, van Pel M, van Santbrink PJ, Bot I, Kuiper J, de Jager SC. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Murine Atherosclerosis Development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15559. [PMID: 26490642 DOI: 10.1038/srep15559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative properties, but recently they were also found to have immunomodulatory capacities. We therefore investigated whether MSCs could reduce atherosclerosis, which is determined by dyslipidaemia and chronic inflammation. We adoptively transferred MSCs into low-density lipoprotein-receptor knockout mice and put these on a Western-type diet to induce atherosclerosis. Initially after treatment, we found higher levels of circulating regulatory T cells. In the long-term, overall numbers of effector T cells were reduced by MSC treatment. Moreover, MSC-treated mice displayed a significant 33% reduction in circulating monocytes and a 77% reduction of serum CCL2 levels. Most strikingly, we found a previously unappreciated effect on lipid metabolism. Serum cholesterol was reduced by 33%, due to reduced very low-density lipoprotein levels, likely a result of reduced de novo hepatic lipogenesis as determined by a reduced expression of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and lipoprotein lipase. MSCs significantly affected lesion development, which was reduced by 33% in the aortic root. These lesions contained 56% less macrophages and showed a 61% reduction in T cell numbers. We show here for the first time that MSC treatment affects not only inflammatory responses but also significantly reduces dyslipidaemia in mice. This makes MSCs a potent candidate for atherosclerosis therapies.
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Abstract
Four decades ago, it was observed that stimulation of T cells induces rapid changes in cellular cholesterol that are required before proliferation can commence. Investigators returning to this phenomenon have finally revealed its molecular underpinnings. Cholesterol trafficking and its dysregulation are now also recognized to strongly influence dendritic cell function, T cell polarization, and antibody responses. In this review, the state of the literature is reviewed on how cholesterol and its trafficking regulate the cells of the adaptive immune response and in vivo disease phenotypes of dysregulated adaptive immunity, including allergy, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence supporting a potential role for statins and other lipid-targeted therapies in the treatment of these diseases is presented. Just as vascular biologists have embraced immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis, so should basic and clinical immunologists in allergy, pulmonology, and other disciplines seek to encompass a basic understanding of lipid science.
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