1
|
Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810314. [PMID: 36142245 PMCID: PMC9499607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction frequently caused by myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. Paradoxically, only limited and non-curative therapies for heart failure or MI are currently available. As a result, over the past two decades research has focused on developing cell-based approaches promoting the regeneration of infarcted tissue. Cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration include powerful candidates, such as multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone-marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These possess unique properties, such as potency to differentiate into desired cell types, proliferation capacity, and patient specificity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated modest improvement in the myocardial regeneration and reduced infarcted areas upon transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Another cell population that need to be considered as a potential source for cardiac regeneration are telocytes found in different organs, including the heart. Their therapeutic effect has been studied in various heart pathologies, such as MI, arrhythmias, or atrial amyloidosis. The most recent cell-free therapeutic tool relies on the cardioprotective effect of complex cargo carried by small membrane-bound vesicles—exosomes—released from stem cells via exocytosis. The MSC/iPSC-derived exosomes could be considered a novel exosome-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases thanks to their unique content. There are also other cell-free approaches, e.g., gene therapy, or acellular cardiac patches. Therefore, our review provides the most recent insights into the novel strategies for myocardial repair based on the regenerative potential of different cell types and cell-free approaches.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Wang X, He P, Bennett E, Haggard E, Ma J, Cai C. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies a Subpopulation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells to Promote Angiogenesis and Myocardial Repair. Cells 2022; 11:1713. [PMID: 35626749 PMCID: PMC9139404 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective donor cells is one of obstacles that limits cell therapy for heart disease. In this study, we sorted a subpopulation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs) from the right atrial appendage using the low mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared to the non-sorted cells, hMPCs hold the capacity for stemness and enrich mesenchymal stem cell markers. The hMPCs display better ability for survival, faster proliferation, less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and greater release of cytoprotective cytokines. The hMPCs exhibit decreased expression of senescence genes and increased expression of anti-apoptotic and antioxidant genes. Intramyocardial injection of hMPCs into the infarcted heart resulted in increased left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced cardiac remodeling and infarct size in the group of animals receiving hMPCs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated hMPCs have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cell therapy with hMPCs enhances cardiac vascular regeneration and cardiac proliferation, and decreases cardiac cell apoptosis, which is associated with the increased secretion of cytoprotective and pro-angiogenic cytokines. Overall, we discovered a subpopulation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells via their low mitochondrial membrane potential, which might provide an alternative donor cell source for cellular therapy for ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Li
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Pan He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Edward Bennett
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Erin Haggard
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (X.L.); (X.W.); (E.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang XL, Wysoczynski M, Gumpert AM, Li Y, Wu WJ, Li H, Stowers H, Bolli R. Effect of intravenous cell therapy in rats with old myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:431-444. [PMID: 34783963 PMCID: PMC8896398 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that cell therapy provides therapeutic benefits in experimental and clinical settings of chronic heart failure. However, direct cardiac delivery of cells via transendocardial injection is logistically complex, expensive, entails risks, and is not amenable to multiple dosing. Intravenous administration would be a more convenient and clinically applicable route for cell therapy. Thus, we determined whether intravenous infusion of three widely used cell types improves left ventricular (LV) function and structure and compared their efficacy. Rats with a 30-day-old myocardial infarction (MI) received intravenous infusion of vehicle (PBS) or 1 of 3 types of cells: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs), and c-kit-positive cardiac cells (CPCs), at a dose of 12 × 106 cells. Rats were followed for 35 days after treatment to determine LV functional status by serial echocardiography and hemodynamic studies. Blood samples were collected for Hemavet analysis to determine inflammatory cell profile. LV ejection fraction (EF) dropped ≥ 20 points in all hearts at 30 days after MI and deteriorated further at 35-day follow-up in the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, deterioration of EF was halted in rats that received MSCs and attenuated in those that received CMCs or CPCs. None of the 3 types of cells significantly altered scar size, myocardial content of collagen or CD45-positive cells, or Hemavet profile. This study demonstrates that a single intravenous administration of 3 types of cells in rats with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy is effective in attenuating the progressive deterioration in LV function. The extent of LV functional improvement was greatest with CPCs, intermediate with CMCs, and least with MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Anna M Gumpert
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wen-Jian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Heather Stowers
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Povsic TJ, Gersh BJ. Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Diseases: 30,000-Foot View. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030600. [PMID: 33803227 PMCID: PMC8001267 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell and regenerative approaches that might rejuvenate the heart have immense intuitive appeal for the public and scientific communities. Hopes were fueled by initial findings from preclinical models that suggested that easily obtained bone marrow cells might have significant reparative capabilities; however, after initial encouraging pre-clinical and early clinical findings, the realities of clinical development have placed a damper on the field. Clinical trials were often designed to detect exceptionally large treatment effects with modest patient numbers with subsequent disappointing results. First generation approaches were likely overly simplistic and relied on a relatively primitive understanding of regenerative mechanisms and capabilities. Nonetheless, the field continues to move forward and novel cell derivatives, platforms, and cell/device combinations, coupled with a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to regenerative capabilities in more primitive models and modifications in clinical trial design suggest a brighter future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Povsic
- Department of Medicine, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernard J. Gersh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ebeid DE, Khalafalla FG, Broughton KM, Monsanto MM, Esquer CY, Sacchi V, Hariharan N, Korski KI, Moshref M, Emathinger J, Cottage CT, Quijada PJ, Nguyen JH, Alvarez R, Völkers M, Konstandin MH, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Navarrete JM, Gude NA, Goumans MJ, Sussman MA. Pim1 maintains telomere length in mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TGFβ signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:201-211. [PMID: 32176281 PMCID: PMC7797214 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Telomere attrition in cardiomyocytes is associated with decreased contractility, cellular senescence, and up-regulation of proapoptotic transcription factors. Pim1 is a cardioprotective kinase that antagonizes the aging phenotype of cardiomyocytes and delays cellular senescence by maintaining telomere length, but the mechanism remains unknown. Another pathway responsible for regulating telomere length is the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway where inhibiting TGFβ signalling maintains telomere length. The relationship between Pim1 and TGFβ has not been explored. This study delineates the mechanism of telomere length regulation by the interplay between Pim1 and components of TGFβ signalling pathways in proliferating A549 cells and post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telomere length was maintained by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of PIM1 and inhibition of TGFβ signalling in A549 cells. Telomere length maintenance was further demonstrated in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1 and by pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Mechanistically, Pim1 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2, preventing its translocation into the nucleus and repressing expression of TGFβ pathway genes. CONCLUSION Pim1 maintains telomere lengths in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of the TGFβ pathway downstream effectors Smad2 and Smad3, which prevents repression of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Findings from this study demonstrate a novel mechanism of telomere length maintenance and provide a potential target for preserving cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Ebeid
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kathleen M Broughton
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Y Esquer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kelli I Korski
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Christopher T Cottage
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Pearl J Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jonathan H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian M Navarrete
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stem Cell Metabolism: Powering Cell-Based Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112490. [PMID: 33207756 PMCID: PMC7696341 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics for cardiac repair have been extensively used during the last decade. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of adoptively transferred stem cells for enhancement of cardiac function. Nevertheless, several cell-based clinical trials have provided largely underwhelming outcomes. A major limitation is the lack of survival in the harsh cardiac milieu as only less than 1% donated cells survive. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing cell-based therapeutics and understanding the biology of stem cells and their response to environmental changes. Stem cell metabolism has recently emerged as a critical determinant of cellular processes and is uniquely adapted to support proliferation, stemness, and commitment. Metabolic signaling pathways are remarkably sensitive to different environmental signals with a profound effect on cell survival after adoptive transfer. Stem cells mainly generate energy through glycolysis while maintaining low oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), providing metabolites for biosynthesis of macromolecules. During commitment, there is a shift in cellular metabolism, which alters cell function. Reprogramming stem cell metabolism may represent an attractive strategy to enhance stem cell therapy for cardiac repair. This review summarizes the current literature on how metabolism drives stem cell function and how this knowledge can be applied to improve cell-based therapeutics for cardiac repair.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bolli R, Tang XL, Guo Y, Li Q. After the storm: an objective appraisal of the efficacy of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells in preclinical models of heart disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:129-139. [PMID: 32937086 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The falsification of data related to c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) by a Harvard laboratory has been a veritable tragedy. Does this fraud mean that CPCs are not beneficial in models of ischemic cardiomyopathy? At least 50 studies from 26 laboratories independent of the Harvard group have reported beneficial effects of CPCs in mice, rats, pigs, and cats. The mechanism of action remains unclear. Our group has shown that CPCs do not engraft in the diseased heart, do not differentiate into new cardiac myocytes, do not regenerate dead myocardium, and thus work via paracrine mechanisms. A casualty of the misconduct at Harvard has been the SCIPIO trial, a collaboration between the Harvard group and the group in Louisville. The retraction of the SCIPIO paper was caused exclusively by issues with data generated at Harvard, not those generated in Louisville. In the retraction notice, the Lancet editors stated: "Although we do not have any reservations about the clinical work in Louisville that used the preparations from Anversa's laboratory in good faith, the lack of reliability regarding the laboratory work at Harvard means that we are now retracting this paper". We must be careful not to dismiss all work on CPCs because of one laboratory's misconduct. An unbiased review of the literature supports the therapeutic potential of CPCs for heart failure at the preclinical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Yiru Guo
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Qianghong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
PIM1 Promotes Survival of Cardiomyocytes by Upregulating c-Kit Protein Expression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092001. [PMID: 32878131 PMCID: PMC7563506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cardiomyocyte survival is crucial to blunt deterioration of myocardial structure and function following pathological damage. PIM1 (Proviral Insertion site in Murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinase 1) is a cardioprotective serine threonine kinase that promotes cardiomyocyte survival and antagonizes senescence through multiple concurrent molecular signaling cascades. In hematopoietic stem cells, PIM1 interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit upstream of the ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) and Akt signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. The relationship between PIM1 and c-Kit activity has not been explored in the myocardial context. This study delineates the interaction between PIM1 and c-Kit leading to enhanced protection of cardiomyocytes from stress. Elevated c-Kit expression is induced in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay reveal protein–protein interaction between PIM1 and c-Kit. Following treatment with Stem Cell Factor, PIM1-overexpressing cardiomyocytes display elevated ERK activity consistent with c-Kit receptor activation. Functionally, elevated c-Kit expression confers enhanced protection against oxidative stress in vitro. This study identifies the mechanistic relationship between PIM1 and c-Kit in cardiomyocytes, demonstrating another facet of cardioprotection regulated by PIM1 kinase.
Collapse
|
9
|
Monsanto MM, Wang BJ, Ehrenberg ZR, Echeagaray O, White KS, Alvarez R, Fisher K, Sengphanith S, Muliono A, Gude NA, Sussman MA. Enhancing myocardial repair with CardioClusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3955. [PMID: 32769998 PMCID: PMC7414230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy to treat heart failure is an ongoing focus of intense research, but progress toward structural and functional recovery remains modest. Engineered augmentation of established cellular effectors overcomes impediments to enhance reparative activity. Such 'next generation' implementation includes delivery of combinatorial cell populations exerting synergistic effects. Concurrent isolation and expansion of three distinct cardiac-derived interstitial cell types from human heart tissue, previously reported by our group, prompted design of a 3D structure that maximizes cellular interaction, allows for defined cell ratios, controls size, enables injectability, and minimizes cell loss. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and c-Kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCICs) when cultured together spontaneously form scaffold-free 3D microenvironments termed CardioClusters. scRNA-Seq profiling reveals CardioCluster expression of stem cell-relevant factors, adhesion/extracellular-matrix molecules, and cytokines, while maintaining a more native transcriptome similar to endogenous cardiac cells. CardioCluster intramyocardial delivery improves cell retention and capillary density with preservation of cardiomyocyte size and long-term cardiac function in a murine infarction model followed 20 weeks. CardioCluster utilization in this preclinical setting establish fundamental insights, laying the framework for optimization in cell-based therapeutics intended to mitigate cardiomyopathic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Monsanto
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Zach R Ehrenberg
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kevin S White
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kristina Fisher
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sharon Sengphanith
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Alvin Muliono
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang S, Shuai L, Wang D, Huang T, Yang S, Miao M, Liu F, Xu J. Pim-1 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells by Enhancing Their Regenerative Ability Following Optic Nerve Crush. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:249-272. [PMID: 32624507 PMCID: PMC7344373 DOI: 10.5607/en20019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Provirus integration site Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim-1) is a proto-oncogene reported to be associated with cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. This study was to explore the neuroprotective role of Pim-1 in a rat model subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC), and discuss its related molecules in improving the intrinsic regeneration ability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Immunofluorescence staining showed that AAV2- Pim-1 infected 71% RGCs and some amacrine cells in the retina. Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that retina infection with AAV2- Pim-1 up-regulated the Pim-1 mRNA and protein expressions compared with AAV2-GFP group. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, γ-synuclein immunohistochemistry, Cholera toxin B (CTB) tracing and TUNEL showed that RGCs transduction with AAV2-Pim-1 prior to ONC promoted the survival of damaged RGCs and decreased cell apoptosis. RITC anterograde labeling showed that Pim-1 overexpression increased axon regeneration and promoted the recovery of visual function by pupillary light reflex and flash visual evoked potential. Western blotting showed that Pim- 1 overexpression up-regulated the expression of Stat3, p-Stat3, Akt1, p-Akt1, Akt2 and p-Akt2, as well as βIII-tubulin, GAP-43 and 4E-BP1, and downregulated the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3, Cleaved caspase 3, Bad and Bax. These results demonstrate that Pim-1 exerted a neuroprotective effect by promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery of RGCs. In addition, it enhanced the intrinsic regeneration capacity of RGCs after ONC by activating Stat3, Akt1 and Akt2 pathways, and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. These findings suggest that Pim-1 may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of optic nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Li Shuai
- Department of Health Administration, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Firouzi F, Sinha Choudhury S, Broughton K, Salazar A, Bailey B, Sussman MA. Human CardioChimeras: Creation of a Novel "Next-Generation" Cardiac Cell. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013452. [PMID: 31902324 PMCID: PMC6988174 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background CardioChimeras produced by fusion of murine c‐kit+ cardiac interstitial cells with mesenchymal stem cells promote superior structural and functional recovery in a mouse model of myocardial infarction compared with either precursor cell alone or in combination. Creation of human CardioChimeras (hCCs) represents the next step in translational development of this novel cell type, but new challenges arise when working with c‐kit+ cardiac interstitial cells isolated and expanded from human heart tissue samples. The objective of the study was to establish a reliable cell fusion protocol for consistent optimized creation of hCCs and characterize fundamental hCC properties. Methods and Results Cell fusion was induced by incubating human c‐kit+ cardiac interstitial cells and mesenchymal stem cells at a 2:1 ratio with inactivated Sendai virus. Hybrid cells were sorted into 96‐well microplates for clonal expansion to derive unique cloned hCCs, which were then characterized for various cellular and molecular properties. hCCs exhibited enhanced survival relative to the parent cells and promoted cardiomyocyte survival in response to serum deprivation in vitro. Conclusions The generation of hCC is demonstrated and validated in this study, representing the next step toward implementation of a novel cell product for therapeutic development. Feasibility of creating human hybrid cells prompts consideration of multiple possibilities to create novel chimeric cells derived from cells with desirable traits to promote healing in pathologically damaged myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Sarmistha Sinha Choudhury
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Kathleen Broughton
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Adriana Salazar
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Barbara Bailey
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maxwell JT, Trac D, Shen M, Brown ME, Davis ME, Chao MS, Supapannachart KJ, Zaladonis CA, Baker E, Li ML, Zhao J, Jacobs DI. Electrical Stimulation of pediatric cardiac-derived c-kit + progenitor cells improves retention and cardiac function in right ventricular heart failure. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1528-1541. [PMID: 31574184 PMCID: PMC6916193 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 1 in every 120 children born has a congenital heart defect. Although surgical therapy has improved survival, many of these children go on to develop right ventricular heart failure (RVHF). The emergence of cardiovascular regenerative medicine as a potential therapeutic strategy for pediatric HF has provided new avenues for treatment with a focus on repairing or regenerating the diseased myocardium to restore cardiac function. Although primarily tried using adult cells and adult disease models, stem cell therapy is relatively untested in the pediatric population. Here, we investigate the ability of electrical stimulation (ES) to enhance the retention and therapeutic function of pediatric cardiac-derived c-kit+ progenitor cells (CPCs) in an animal model of RVHF. Human CPCs isolated from pediatric patients were exposed to chronic ES and implanted into the RV myocardium of rats. Cardiac function and cellular retention analysis showed electrically stimulated CPCs (ES-CPCs) were retained in the heart at a significantly higher level and longer time than control CPCs and also significantly improved right ventricular functional parameters. ES also induced upregulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion genes and increased in vitro survival and adhesion of cells. Specifically, upregulation of β1 and β5 integrins contributed to the increased retention of ES-CPCs. Lastly, we show that ES induces CPCs to release higher levels of pro-reparative factors in vitro. These findings suggest that ES can be used to increase the retention, survival, and therapeutic effect of human c-kit+ progenitor cells and can have implications on a variety of cell-based therapies. Stem Cells 2019;37:1528-1541.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) CenterChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ming Shen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) CenterChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Milton E. Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) CenterChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Myra S. Chao
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | | | - Emily Baker
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Martin L. Li
- Emory University College of Arts and SciencesAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jennifer Zhao
- Cornell University College of Arts and SciencesIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Stem Cells: Learning from Genetics and Biomaterials. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121536. [PMID: 31795206 PMCID: PMC6952950 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs) show great potential as a cell resource for restoring cardiac function in patients affected by heart disease or heart failure. CPCs are proliferative and committed to cardiac fate, capable of generating cells of all the cardiac lineages. These cells offer a significant shift in paradigm over the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes owing to the latter’s inability to recapitulate mature features of a native myocardium, limiting their translational applications. The iPSCs and direct reprogramming of somatic cells have been attempted to produce CPCs and, in this process, a variety of chemical and/or genetic factors have been evaluated for their ability to generate, expand, and maintain CPCs in vitro. However, the precise stoichiometry and spatiotemporal activity of these factors and the genetic interplay during embryonic CPC development remain challenging to reproduce in culture, in terms of efficiency, numbers, and translational potential. Recent advances in biomaterials to mimic the native cardiac microenvironment have shown promise to influence CPC regenerative functions, while being capable of integrating with host tissue. This review highlights recent developments and limitations in the generation and use of CPCs from stem cells, and the trends that influence the direction of research to promote better application of CPCs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gude NA, Sussman MA. Cardiac regenerative therapy: Many paths to repair. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:338-343. [PMID: 31515053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death in the United States and in most nations worldwide, despite ongoing intensive efforts to promote cardiac health and treat heart failure. Replacing damaged myocardium represents perhaps the most promising treatment strategy, but also the most challenging given that the adult mammalian heart is notoriously resistant to endogenous repair. Cardiac regeneration following pathologic challenge would require proliferation of surviving tissue, expansion and differentiation of resident progenitors, or transdifferentiation of exogenously applied progenitor cells into functioning myocardium. Adult cardiomyocyte proliferation has been the focus of investigation for decades, recently enjoying a renaissance of interest as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cardiomyocyte loss due in large part to ongoing controversies and frustrations with myocardial cell therapy outcomes. The promise of cardiac cell therapy originated with reports of resident adult cardiac stem cells that could be isolated, expanded and reintroduced into damaged myocardium, producing beneficial effects in preclinical animal models. Despite modest functional improvements, Phase I clinical trials using autologous cardiac derived cells have proven safe and effective, setting the stage for an ongoing multi-center Phase II trial combining autologous cardiac stem cell types to enhance beneficial effects. This overview will examine the history of these two approaches for promoting cardiac repair and attempt to provide context for current and future directions in cardiac regenerative research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Gude
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
Collapse
|
16
|
Trac D, Hoffman JR, Bheri S, Maxwell JT, Platt MO, Davis ME. Predicting Functional Responses of Progenitor Cell Exosome Potential with Computational Modeling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1212-1221. [PMID: 31385648 PMCID: PMC6811701 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease can lead to severe right ventricular heart failure (RVHF). We have shown that aggregated c‐kit+ progenitor cells (CPCs) can improve RVHF repair, likely due to exosome‐mediated effects. Here, we demonstrate that miRNA content from monolayer (2D) and aggregated (3D) CPC exosomes can be related to in vitro angiogenesis and antifibrosis responses using partial least squares regression (PLSR). PLSR reduced the dimensionality of the data set to the top 40 miRNAs with the highest weighted coefficients for the in vitro biological responses. Target pathway analysis of these top 40 miRNAs demonstrated significant fit to cardiac angiogenesis and fibrosis pathways. Although the model was trained on in vitro data, we demonstrate that the model can predict angiogenesis and fibrosis responses to exosome treatment in vivo with a strong correlation with published in vivo responses. These studies demonstrate that PLSR modeling of exosome miRNA content has the potential to inform preclinical trials and predict new promising CPC therapies. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1212–1221
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sruti Bheri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Safety profiling of genetically engineered Pim-1 kinase overexpression for oncogenicity risk in human c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells. Gene Ther 2019; 26:324-337. [PMID: 31239537 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancement of stem cell-based treatment will involve next-generation approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy which is often modest, particularly in the context of myocardial regenerative therapy. Our group has previously demonstrated the beneficial effect of genetic modification of cardiac stem cells with Pim-1 kinase overexpression to rejuvenate aged cells as well as potentiate myocardial repair. Despite these encouraging findings, concerns were raised regarding potential for oncogenic risk associated with Pim-1 kinase overexpression. Testing of Pim-1 engineered c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCIC) derived from heart failure patient samples for indices of oncogenic risk was undertaken using multiple assessments including soft agar colony formation, micronucleation, gamma-Histone 2AX foci, and transcriptome profiling. Collectively, findings demonstrate comparable phenotypic and biological properties of cCIC following Pim-1 overexpression compared with using baseline control cells with no evidence for oncogenic phenotype. Using a highly selective and continuous sensor for quantitative assessment of PIM1 kinase activity revealed a sevenfold increase in Pim-1 engineered vs. control cells. Kinase activity profiling using a panel of sensors for other kinases demonstrates elevation of IKKs), AKT/SGK, CDK1-3, p38, and ERK1/2 in addition to Pim-1 consistent with heightened kinase activity correlating with Pim-1 overexpression that may contribute to Pim-1-mediated effects. Enhancement of cellular survival, proliferation, and other beneficial properties to augment stem cell-mediated repair without oncogenic risk is a feasible, logical, and safe approach to improve efficacy and overcome current limitations inherent to cellular adoptive transfer therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Endothelial progenitor cells: Potential novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:181-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
19
|
Lampert MA, Orogo AM, Najor RH, Hammerling BC, Leon LJ, Wang BJ, Kim T, Sussman MA, Gustafsson ÅB. BNIP3L/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy is required for mitochondrial network remodeling during cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Autophagy 2019; 15:1182-1198. [PMID: 30741592 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies represent a very promising strategy to repair and regenerate the injured heart to prevent progression to heart failure. To date, these therapies have had limited success due to a lack of survival and retention of the infused cells. Therefore, it is important to increase our understanding of the biology of these cells and utilize this information to enhance their survival and function in the injured heart. Mitochondria are critical for progenitor cell function and survival. Here, we demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, in the differentiation process in adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We found that mitophagy was rapidly induced upon initiation of differentiation in CPCs. We also found that mitophagy was mediated by mitophagy receptors, rather than the PINK1-PRKN/PARKIN pathway. Mitophagy mediated by BNIP3L/NIX and FUNDC1 was not involved in regulating progenitor cell fate determination, mitochondrial biogenesis, or reprogramming. Instead, mitophagy facilitated the CPCs to undergo proper mitochondrial network reorganization during differentiation. Abrogating BNIP3L- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy during differentiation led to sustained mitochondrial fission and formation of donut-shaped impaired mitochondria. It also resulted in increased susceptibility to cell death and failure to survive the infarcted heart. Finally, aging is associated with accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in cells and we found that acquiring mtDNA mutations selectively disrupted the differentiation-activated mitophagy program in CPCs. These findings demonstrate the importance of BNIP3L- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy as a critical regulator of mitochondrial network formation during differentiation, as well as the consequences of accumulating mtDNA mutations. Abbreviations: Baf: bafilomycin A1; BCL2L13: BCL2 like 13; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CPCs: cardiac progenitor cells; DM: differentiation media; DNM1L: dynamin 1 like; EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MFN1/2: mitofusin 1/2; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PPARGC1A: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PHB2: prohibitin 2; POLG: DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TMRM: tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lampert
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Rita H Najor
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Babette C Hammerling
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- b San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Taeyong Kim
- b San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- b San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Regenerating the field of cardiovascular cell therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:232-237. [PMID: 30778231 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The retraction of >30 falsified studies by Anversa et al. has had a disheartening impact on the cardiac cell therapeutics field. The premise of heart muscle regeneration by the transdifferentiation of bone marrow cells or putative adult resident cardiac progenitors has been largely disproven. Over the past 18 years, a generation of physicians and scientists has lost years chasing these studies, and patients have been placed at risk with little scientific grounding. Funding agencies invested hundreds of millions of dollars in irreproducible work, and both academic institutions and the scientific community ignored troubling signals over a decade of questionable work. Our collective retrospective analysis identifies preventable problems at the level of the editorial and peer-review process, funding agencies and academic institutions. This Perspective provides a chronology of the forces that led to this scientific debacle, integrating direct knowledge of the process. We suggest a science-driven path forward that includes multiple novel approaches to the problem of heart muscle regeneration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Trac D, Maxwell JT, Brown ME, Xu C, Davis ME. Aggregation of Child Cardiac Progenitor Cells Into Spheres Activates Notch Signaling and Improves Treatment of Right Ventricular Heart Failure. Circ Res 2019; 124:526-538. [PMID: 30590978 PMCID: PMC6375764 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Congenital heart disease can lead to life-threatening right ventricular (RV) heart failure. Results from clinical trials support expanding cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) based therapies. However, our recent data show that CPCs lose function as they age, starting as early as 1 year. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the aggregation of child (1-5-year-old) CPCs into scaffold-free spheres can improve differentiation by enhancing Notch signaling, a known regulator of CPC fate. We hypothesized that aggregated (3-dimensional [3D]) CPCs will repair RV heart failure better than monolayer (2-dimensional [2D]) CPCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Spheres were produced with 1500 CPCs each using a microwell array. CPC aggregation significantly increased gene expression of Notch1 compared with 2D CPCs, accompanied by significant upregulation of cardiogenic transcription factors (GATA4, HAND1, MEF2C, NKX2.5, and TBX5) and endothelial markers (CD31, FLK1, FLT1, VWF). Blocking Notch receptor activation with the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) diminished these effects. To evaluate the therapeutic improvements of CPC aggregation, RV heart failure was induced in athymic rats by pulmonary artery banding, and cells were implanted into the RV free wall. Echocardiographic measurements 28 days postimplantation showed significantly improved RV function with 3D compared with 2D CPCs. Tracking implanted CPCs via DiR (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide)-labeling showed improved retention of 3D CPCs. Transducing 3D CPCs with Notch1-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) did not reduce retention, but significantly reduced RV functional improvements. Histological analyses showed 3D treatment reduced RV fibrosis and increased angiogenesis. Although 3D CPCs formed CD31+ vessel-like cells in vivo, these effects are more likely because of improved 3D CPC exosome function compared with 2D CPC exosomes. CONCLUSIONS Spherical aggregation improves child CPC function in a Notch-dependent manner. The strong reparative ability of CPC spheres warrants further investigation as a treatment for pediatric heart failure, especially in older children where reparative ability may be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Joshua T. Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Milton E. Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA;,Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA;,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA;,Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Streeter BW, Davis ME. Therapeutic Cardiac Patches for Repairing the Myocardium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1144:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
McNeill B, Ostojic A, Rayner KJ, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Collagen biomaterial stimulates the production of extracellular vesicles containing microRNA-21 and enhances the proangiogenic function of CD34 + cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:4166-4177. [PMID: 30526047 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801332r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CD34+ cells are promising for revascularization therapy, but their clinical use is limited by low cell counts, poor engraftment, and reduced function after transplantation. In this study, a collagen type I biomaterial was used to expand and enhance the function of human peripheral blood CD34+ cells, and potential underlying mechanisms were examined. Compared to the fibronectin control substrate, biomaterial-cultured CD34+ cells from healthy donors had enhanced proliferation, migration toward VEGF, angiogenic potential, and increased secretion of CD63+CD81+ extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the biomaterial-derived EVs, greater levels of the angiogenic microRNAs (miRs), miR-21 and -210, were detected. Notably, biomaterial-cultured CD34+ cells had reduced mRNA and protein levels of Sprouty (Spry)1, which is an miR-21 target and negative regulator of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Similar to the results of healthy donor cells, biomaterial culture increased miR-21 and -210 expression in CD34+ cells from patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, which also exhibited improved VEGF-mediated migration and angiogenic capacity. Therefore, collagen biomaterial culture may be useful for expanding the number and enhancing the function of CD34+ cells in patients, possibly mediated through suppression of Spry1 activity by EV-derived miR-21. These results may provide a strategy to enhance the therapeutic potency of CD34+ cells for vascular regeneration.-McNeill, B., Ostojic, A., Rayner, K. J., Ruel, M., Suuronen, E. J. Collagen biomaterial stimulates the production of extracellular vesicles containing microRNA-21 and enhances the proangiogenic function of CD34+ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian McNeill
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Ostojic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics, and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nguyen PK, Neofytou E, Rhee JW, Wu JC. Potential Strategies to Address the Major Clinical Barriers Facing Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. JAMA Cardiol 2018; 1:953-962. [PMID: 27579998 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance Although progress continues to be made in the field of stem cell regenerative medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, significant barriers to clinical implementation still exist. Objectives To summarize the current barriers to the clinical implementation of stem cell therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and to discuss potential strategies to overcome them. Evidence Review Information for this review was obtained through a search of PubMed and the Cochrane database for English-language studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 25, 2016. Ten randomized clinical trials and 8 systematic reviews were included. Findings One of the major clinical barriers facing the routine implementation of stem cell therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease is the limited and inconsistent benefit observed thus far. Reasons for this finding are unclear but may be owing to poor cell retention and survival, as suggested by numerous preclinical studies and a small number of human studies incorporating imaging to determine cell fate. Additional studies in humans using imaging to determine cell fate are needed to understand how these factors contribute to the limited efficacy of stem cell therapy. Treatment strategies to address poor cell retention and survival are under investigation and include the following: coadministration of immunosuppressive and prosurvival agents, delivery of cardioprotective factors packaged in exosomes rather than the cells themselves, and use of tissue-engineering strategies to provide structural support for cells. If larger grafts are achieved using these strategies, it will be imperative to carefully monitor for the potential risks of tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and arrhythmogenicity. Conclusions and Relevance Despite important achievements to date, stem cell therapy is not yet ready for routine clinical implementation. Significant research is still needed to address the clinical barriers outlined herein before the next wave of large clinical trials is under way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California3Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Evgenios Neofytou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California4Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pre-Conditioning Stem Cells in a Biomimetic Environment for Enhanced Cardiac Tissue Repair: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:321-336. [PMID: 31579283 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell-based therapies represent a valid approach to restore cardiac function due to their beneficial effect in reducing scar area formation and promoting angiogenesis. However, their translation into the clinic is limited by the poor differentiation and inability to secrete sufficient therapeutic factors. To address this issue, several strategies such as genetic modification and biophysical preconditioning have been used to enhance the efficacy of stem cells for cardiac tissue repair. Methods In this study, a biomimetic approach was used to mimic the natural mechanical stimulation of the myocardium tissue. Specifically, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were cultured on a thin gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel disc and placed on top of a beating cardiomyocyte layer. qPCR studies and metatranscriptomic analysis of hASCs gene expression were investigated to confirm the correlation between mechanical stimuli and cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vivo intramyocardial delivery of pre-conditioned hASCs was carried out to evaluate their efficacy to restore cardiac function in mice hearts post-myocardial infarction. Results The cyclic strain generated by cardiomyocytes significantly upregulated the expression of both mechanotransduction and cardiomyogenic genes in hASCs as compared to the static control group. The inherent angiogenic secretion profile of hASCs was not hindered by the mechanical stimulation provided by the designed biomimetic system. Finally, in vivo analysis confirmed the regenerative potential of the pre-conditioned hASCs by displaying a significant improvement in cardiac function and enhanced angiogenesis in the peri-infarct region. Conclusion Overall, these findings indicate that cyclic strain provided by the designed biomimetic system is an essential stimulant for hASCs cardiomyogenic differentiation, and therefore can be a potential solution to improve stem-cell based efficacy for cardiovascular repair.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma W, Ding F, Wang X, Huang Q, Zhang L, Bi C, Hua B, Yuan Y, Han Z, Jin M, Liu T, Yu Y, Cai B, Du Z. By Targeting Atg7 MicroRNA-143 Mediates Oxidative Stress-Induced Autophagy of c-Kit + Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:182-191. [PMID: 29858017 PMCID: PMC6021267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic efficiency of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) transplantation is limited by its low survival and retention in infarcted myocardium. Autophagy plays a critical role in regulating cell death and apoptosis, but the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in oxidative stress-induced autophagy of CPCs remains unclear. This study aimed to explore if miRNAs mediate autophagy of c-kit+ CPCs. We found that the silencing of miR-143 promoted the autophagy of c-kit+ CPCs in response to H2O2, and the protective effect of miR-143 inhibitor was abrogated by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) was identified as the target gene of miR-143 by dual luciferase reporter assays. In vivo, after transfection with miR-143 inhibitor, c-kit+ CPCs from green fluorescent protein transgenic mice were more observed in infarcted mouse hearts. Moreover, transplantation of c-kit+ CPCs with miR-143 inhibitor improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Take together, our study demonstrated that miR-143 mediates oxidative stress-induced autophagy to enhance the survival of c-kit+ CPCs by targeting Atg7, which will provide a complementary approach for improving CPC-based heart repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chongwei Bi
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingjie Hua
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Pharmacy of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China; Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratoryof Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vigneault P, Naud P, Qi X, Xiao J, Villeneuve L, Davis DR, Nattel S. Calcium-dependent potassium channels control proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Physiol 2018; 596:2359-2379. [PMID: 29574723 DOI: 10.1113/jp275388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ex vivo proliferated c-Kit+ endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs) obtained from mouse and human cardiac tissues have been reported to express a wide range of functional ion channels. In contrast to previous reports in cultured c-Kit+ eCPCs, we found that ion currents were minimal in freshly isolated cells. However, inclusion of free Ca2+ intracellularly revealed a prominent inwardly rectifying current identified as the intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ current (KCa3.1) Electrical function of both c-Kit+ eCPCs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is critically governed by KCa3.1 calcium-dependent potassium channels. Ca2+ -induced increases in KCa3.1 conductance are necessary to optimize membrane potential during Ca2+ entry. Membrane hyperpolarization due to KCa3.1 activation maintains the driving force for Ca2+ entry that activates stem cell proliferation. Cardiac disease downregulates KCa3.1 channels in resident cardiac progenitor cells. Alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine. ABSTRACT Endogenous c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs) and bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed for cardiac regenerative therapy, but a better understanding of their physiology is needed. Here, we addressed the unknown functional role of ion channels in freshly isolated eCPCs and expanded BM-MSCs using patch-clamp, microfluorometry and confocal microscopy. Isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs were purified from dog hearts by immunomagnetic selection. Ion currents were barely detectable in freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs with buffering of intracellular calcium (Ca2+i ). Under conditions allowing free intracellular Ca2+ , freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs and ex vivo proliferated BM-MSCs showed prominent voltage-independent conductances that were sensitive to intermediate-conductance K+ -channel (KCa3.1 current, IKCa3.1 ) blockers and corresponding gene (KCNN4)-expression knockdown. Depletion of Ca2+i induced membrane-potential (Vmem ) depolarization, while store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) hyperpolarized Vmem in both cell types. The hyperpolarizing SOCE effect was substantially reduced by IKCa3.1 or SOCE blockade (TRAM-34, 2-APB), and IKCa3.1 blockade (TRAM-34) or KCNN4-knockdown decreased the Ca2+ entry resulting from SOCE. IKCa3.1 suppression reduced c-Kit+ eCPC and BM-MSC proliferation, while significantly altering the profile of cyclin expression. IKCa3.1 was reduced in c-Kit+ eCPCs isolated from dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), along with corresponding KCNN4 mRNA. Under perforated-patch conditions to maintain physiological [Ca2+ ]i , c-Kit+ eCPCs from CHF dogs had less negative resting membrane potentials (-58 ± 7 mV) versus c-Kit+ eCPCs from control dogs (-73 ± 3 mV, P < 0.05), along with slower proliferation. Our study suggests that Ca2+ -induced increases in IKCa3.1 are necessary to optimize membrane potential during the Ca2+ entry that activates progenitor cell proliferation, and that alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vigneault
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrice Naud
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiening Xiao
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu J, Lian W, Li L, Huang Z. Generation of induced cardiac progenitor cells via somatic reprogramming. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29442-29457. [PMID: 28199972 PMCID: PMC5438743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a more effective cell-based therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, their therapeutic application is limited by low yield of cell harvesting, declining quality and quantity during the ageing process, and the need for highly invasive heart biopsy. Therefore, there is an emerging interest in generating CPC-like stem cells from somatic cells via somatic reprogramming. This novel approach would provide an unlimited source of stem cells with cardiac differentiation potential. Here we would firstly discuss the different types of CPC and their importance in stem cell therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction; secondly, the necessity of generating induced CPC from somatic cells via somatic reprogramming; and finally the current progress of somatic reprogramming in cardiac cells, especially induced CPC generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Xu
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen City Shenzhen University Immunodiagnostic Technology Platform, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Lian
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen City Shenzhen University Immunodiagnostic Technology Platform, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen City Shenzhen University Immunodiagnostic Technology Platform, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen City Shenzhen University Immunodiagnostic Technology Platform, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Zhang W, Huang L, Ito Y, Wang Z, Shi X, Wei Y, Jing X, Zhang P. Intracellular calcium ions and morphological changes of cardiac myoblasts response to an intelligent biodegradable conducting copolymer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:168-179. [PMID: 29853080 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel biodegradable conducting polymer, PLA-b-AP-b-PLA (PAP) triblock copolymer of poly (l-lactide) (PLA) and aniline pentamer (AP) with electroactivity and biodegradability, was synthesized and its potential application in cardiac tissue engineering was studied. The PAP copolymer presented better biocompatibility compared to PANi and PLA because of promoted cell adhesion and spreading of rat cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cell line) on PAP/PLA thin film. After pulse electrical stimulation (5 V, 1 Hz, 500 ms) for 6 days, the proliferation ratio, and intracellular calcium concentration of H9c2 cells on PAP/PLA were improved significantly. Meanwhile, cell morphology changed by varying the pulse electrical signals. Especially, the oriented pseudopodia-like structure was observed from H9c2 cells on PAP/PLA after electrical stimulation. It is regarded that the novel conducting copolymer could enhance electronic signals transferring between cells because of its special electrochemical properties, which may result in the differentiation of cardiac myoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xincui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perrin L, Loizides-Mangold U, Chanon S, Gobet C, Hulo N, Isenegger L, Weger BD, Migliavacca E, Charpagne A, Betts JA, Walhin JP, Templeman I, Stokes K, Thompson D, Tsintzas K, Robert M, Howald C, Riezman H, Feige JN, Karagounis LG, Johnston JD, Dermitzakis ET, Gachon F, Lefai E, Dibner C. Transcriptomic analyses reveal rhythmic and CLOCK-driven pathways in human skeletal muscle. eLife 2018; 7:34114. [PMID: 29658882 PMCID: PMC5902165 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian regulation of transcriptional processes has a broad impact on cell metabolism. Here, we compared the diurnal transcriptome of human skeletal muscle conducted on serial muscle biopsies in vivo with profiles of human skeletal myotubes synchronized in vitro. More extensive rhythmic transcription was observed in human skeletal muscle compared to in vitro cell culture as a large part of the in vivo mRNA rhythmicity was lost in vitro. siRNA-mediated clock disruption in primary myotubes significantly affected the expression of ~8% of all genes, with impact on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Genes involved in GLUT4 expression, translocation and recycling were negatively affected, whereas lipid metabolic genes were altered to promote activation of lipid utilization. Moreover, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were significantly reduced upon CLOCK depletion. Our findings suggest an essential role for the circadian coordination of skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Perrin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Cédric Gobet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Isenegger
- Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - James A Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Templeman
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Robert
- Department of Digestive and Bariatric Surgery, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Cedric Howald
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Experimental Myology and Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Current Progress in the Rejuvenation of Aging Stem/Progenitor Cells for Improving the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Myocardial Repair. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9308301. [PMID: 29760740 PMCID: PMC5926481 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9308301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease affects a majority of people, especially elderly patients. Recent studies have utilized autologous adult stem/progenitor cells as a treatment option to heal cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. However, donor cells from aging patients are more likely to be in a senescent stage. Rejuvenation is required to reverse the damage levied by aging and promote a youthful phenotype. This review aims to discuss current strategies that are effective in rejuvenating aging cardiac stem cells and represent novel therapeutic methods to treat the aging heart. Recent literature mainly focuses on three approaches that aim to reverse cardiac aging: genetic modification, pharmaceutical administration, and optimization of extracellular factors. In vitro genetic modification can be used to overexpress or knock down certain genes and allow for reversal of the aging phenotype. Pharmaceutical administration is another approach that allows for manipulation of signaling pathways related to cell proliferation and cell senescence. Since the stem cell niche can contribute to the age-related decline in stem cell function, rejuvenation strategies also include optimization of extracellular factors. Overall, improving the intrinsic properties of aging stem cells as well as the surrounding environment allows these cells to adopt a phenotype similar to their younger counterparts.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee TJ, Shim MS, Yu T, Choi K, Kim DI, Lee SH, Bhang SH. Bioreducible Polymer Micelles Based on Acid-Degradable Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino ketal) Enhance the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α Gene Transfection Efficacy and Therapeutic Angiogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020529. [PMID: 29425184 PMCID: PMC5855751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have the potential to treat ischemic diseases. In general, ADSCs facilitate angiogenesis by secreting various pro-angiogenic growth factors. However, transplanted ADSCs have a low therapeutic efficacy in ischemic tissues due to their poor engraftment and low viability. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) improves the survival rate of stem cells transplanted into ischemic regions. In this study, we developed acid-degradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino ketal) (PEG-PAK)-based micelles for efficient intracellular delivery of SDF-1α plasmid DNA. The SDF-1α gene was successfully delivered into human ADSCs (hADSCs) using PEG-PAK micelles. Transfection of SDF-1α increased SDF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor gene expression and decreased apoptotic activity in hADSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions in comparison with conventional gene transfection using polyethylenimine. SDF-1α-transfected hADSCs also showed significantly increased SDF-1α and VEGF expression together with reduced apoptotic activity at 4 weeks after transplantation into mouse ischemic hindlimbs. Consequently, these cells improved angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb regions. These PEG-PAK micelles may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic modality for ischemic diseases based on an acid-degradable polymer specialized for gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Taekyung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Developmental, Regenerative, and Stem Cell Biology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sterner RM, Sterner RC, Brenes-Salazar JA, Yu Ballard AC. Cellular therapies for chronic ischemic heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2018; 59:78-90. [PMID: 29355725 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of stem cell therapies for chronic ischemic heart failure is highly sought after to attempt to improve morbidity and mortality of this prevalent disease. This article reviews clinical trials that investigate stem cell therapy for chronic ischemic heart failure. To generate this review article, PubMed was searched using keywords "stem cell therapy heart failure" with the article type "Clinical Trial" selected on 10/04/2016. The raw search yielded 156 articles; 53 articles were selected for inclusion in the review between the original literature search and manual research/cross-referencing. Additional reviews and original articles were also manually researched and cross-referenced. Cellular-based therapies utilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells, bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cells of cardiac origin, and embryonic stem cells have yielded mixed results, but some studies have shown modest efficacy. Skeletal myoblasts raised concerns about safety due to arrhythmias. Optimizing cell type and delivery method will be of critical importance in enhancing efficacy of therapy within various subsets of chronic ischemic heart failure patients. Although much more work needs to be done to optimize treatment strategies, developing stem cell therapies for chronic ischemic heart failure could be of critical importance to lessen the impactful health burden that heart failure has on patients and society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie M Sterner
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Robert C Sterner
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical Scientist Training Program, 750 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | | | - Aimee C Yu Ballard
- Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kirby RJ, Divlianska DB, Whig K, Bryan N, Morfa CJ, Koo A, Nguyen KH, Maloney P, Peddibhotla S, Sessions EH, Hershberger PM, Smith LH, Malany S. Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Inducers of Heme Oxygenase-1 That Protect Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:87-96. [PMID: 29101218 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative injury to cardiomyocytes plays a critical role in cardiac pathogenesis following myocardial infarction. Transplantation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes has recently progressed as a novel treatment to repair damaged cardiac tissue but its efficacy has been limited by poor survival of transplanted cells owing to oxidative stress in the post-transplantation environment. Identification of small molecules that activate cardioprotective pathways to prevent oxidative damage and increase survival of stem cells post-transplantation is therefore of great interest for improving the efficacy of stem cell therapies. This report describes a chemical biology phenotypic screening approach to identify and validate small molecules that protect human-induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from oxidative stress. A luminescence-based high-throughput assay for cell viability was used to screen a diverse collection of 48,640 small molecules for protection of hiPSC-CMs from peroxide-induced cell death. Cardioprotective activity of "hit" compounds was confirmed using impedance-based detection of cardiomyocyte monolayer integrity and contractile function. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of a potent class of compounds with 4-(pyridine-2-yl)thiazole scaffold. Examination of gene expression in hiPSC-CMs revealed that the hit compound, designated cardioprotectant 312 (CP-312), induces robust upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, a marker of the antioxidant response network that has been strongly correlated with protection of cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress. CP-312 therefore represents a novel chemical scaffold identified by phenotypic high-throughput screening using hiPSC-CMs that activates the antioxidant defense response and may lead to improved pharmacological cardioprotective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Jason Kirby
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Daniela B Divlianska
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kanupriya Whig
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Nadezda Bryan
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Camilo J Morfa
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ada Koo
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kevin H Nguyen
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Patrick Maloney
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Satayamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - E Hampton Sessions
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul M Hershberger
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Layton H Smith
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Strategies to Enhance the Effectiveness of Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Diseases Affecting the Elderly Patients. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:214-23. [PMID: 26779896 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions and chronic ischemic heart disease both commonly and disproportionately affect elderly patients more than any other patient population. Despite available treatments, heart tissue is often permanently damaged as a result of cardiac injury. This review aims to summarize recent literature proposing the use of modified autologous adult stem cells to promote healing of post-infarct cardiac tissue. This novel cellular treatment involves isolation of adult stem cells from the patient, in vitro manipulation of these stem cells, and subsequent transplantation back into the patient's own heart to accelerate healing. One of the hindrances affecting this process is that cardiac issues are increasingly common in elderly patients, and stem cells recovered from their tissues tend to be pre-senescent or already in senescence. As a result, harsh in vitro manipulations can cause the aged stem cells to undergo massive in vivo apoptosis after transplantation. The consensus in literature is that inhibition or reversal of senescence onset in adult stem cells would be of utmost benefit. In fact, it is believed that this strategy may lower stem cell mortality and coerce aged stem cells into adopting more resilient phenotypes similar to that of their younger counterparts. This review will discuss a selection of the most efficient and most-recent strategies used experimentally to enhance the effectiveness of current stem cell therapies for ischemic heart diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Khalafalla FG, Greene S, Khan H, Ilves K, Monsanto MM, Alvarez R, Chavarria M, Nguyen J, Norman B, Dembitsky WP, Sussman MA. P2Y 2 Nucleotide Receptor Prompts Human Cardiac Progenitor Cell Activation by Modulating Hippo Signaling. Circ Res 2017; 121:1224-1236. [PMID: 28923792 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autologous stem cell therapy using human c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) is a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of heart failure (HF). However, hCPCs derived from aged patients with HF with genetic predispositions and comorbidities of chronic diseases exhibit poor proliferative and migratory capabilities, which impair overall reparative potential for injured myocardium. Therefore, empowering functionally compromised hCPCs with proregenerative molecules ex vivo is crucial for improving the therapeutic outcome in patients with HF. OBJECTIVE To improve hCPC proliferation and migration responses that are critical for regeneration by targeting proregenerative P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) activated by extracellular ATP and UTP molecules released following injury/stress. METHODS AND RESULTS c-Kit+ hCPCs were isolated from cardiac tissue of patients with HF undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation surgery. Correlations between P2 nucleotide receptor expression and hCPC growth kinetics revealed downregulation of select P2 receptors, including P2Y2R, in slow-growing hCPCs compared with fast growers. hCPC proliferation and migration significantly improved by overexpressing or stimulating P2Y2R. Mechanistically, P2Y2R-induced proliferation and migration were dependent on activation of YAP (yes-associated protein)-the downstream effector of Hippo signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Proliferation and migration of functionally impaired hCPCs are enhanced by P2Y2R-mediated YAP activation, revealing a novel link between extracellular nucleotides released during injury/stress and Hippo signaling-a central regulator of cardiac regeneration. Functional correlations exist between hCPC phenotypic properties and P2 purinergic receptor expression. Lack of P2Y2R and other crucial purinergic stress detectors could compromise hCPC responsiveness to presence of extracellular stress signals. These findings set the stage for subsequent studies to assess purinergic signaling modulation as a potential strategy to improve therapeutic outcome for use of hCPCs in patients with HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid G Khalafalla
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Steven Greene
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Hashim Khan
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Kelli Ilves
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Monica Chavarria
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Benjamin Norman
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Walter P Dembitsky
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.).
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Amini H, Rezaie J, Vosoughi A, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Cardiac progenitor cells application in cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:127-132. [PMID: 29118944 PMCID: PMC5670333 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have special potency to differentiate into different types of cells, especially cardiomyocytes. In order to demonstrate the therapeutic applications of these cells, various investigations are recently being developed. Cardiac progenitor cells are endogenous cardiac SCs that found to express tyrosine kinase receptors, c-Kit and other stemness features in adult heart, contributing to the regeneration of cardiac tissue after injury. This lineage is able to efficiently trans-differentiate into different cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Noticeably, several cardiac progenitor cells have been identified until yet. The therapeutic applications of cardiac SCs have been studied previously, which could introduce a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cardiac disorders. The current review enlightens the potency of cardiac progenitor cells features and differentiation capacity, with current applications in cardiovascular field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin Vosoughi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Feng Y, Fu X, Lou X, Fu B. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 protects human periodontal ligament stem cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5001-5006. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
39
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, it has become clear that long-term engraftment of any ex vivo expanded cell product transplanted into injured myocardium is modest and all therapeutic regeneration is mediated by stimulation of endogenous repair rather than differentiation of transplanted cells into working myocardium. Given that increasing the retention of transplanted cells boosts myocardial function, focus on the fundamental mechanisms limiting retention and survival of transplanted cells may enable strategies to help to restore normal cardiac function. Areas covered: This review outlines the challenges confronting cardiac engraftment of ex vivo expanded cells and explores means of enhancing cell-mediated repair of injured myocardium. Expert opinion: Stem cell therapy has already come a long way in terms of regenerating damaged hearts though the poor retention of transplanted cells limits the full potential of truly cardiotrophic cell products. Multifaceted strategies directed towards fundamental mechanisms limiting the long-term survival of transplanted cells will be needed to enhance transplanted cell retention and cell-mediated repair of damaged myocardium for cardiac cell therapy to reach its full potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darryl R Davis
- a University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kulandavelu S, Karantalis V, Fritsch J, Hatzistergos KE, Loescher VY, McCall F, Wang B, Bagno L, Golpanian S, Wolf A, Grenet J, Williams A, Kupin A, Rosenfeld A, Mohsin S, Sussman MA, Morales A, Balkan W, Hare JM. Pim1 Kinase Overexpression Enhances ckit + Cardiac Stem Cell Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction in Swine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2454-2464. [PMID: 27908351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pim1 kinase plays an important role in cell division, survival, and commitment of precursor cells towards a myocardial lineage, and overexpression of Pim1 in ckit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) enhances their cardioreparative properties. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to validate the effect of Pim1-modified CSCs in a translationally relevant large animal preclinical model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs, n = 10), hckit+ CSCs overexpressing Pim1 (Pim1+; n = 9), or placebo (n = 10) were delivered by intramyocardial injection to immunosuppressed Yorkshire swine (n = 29) 2 weeks after MI. Cardiac magnetic resonance and pressure volume loops were obtained before and after cell administration. RESULTS Whereas both hCSCs reduced MI size compared to placebo, Pim1+ cells produced a ∼3-fold greater decrease in scar mass at 8 weeks post-injection compared to hCSCs (-29.2 ± 2.7% vs. -8.4 ± 0.7%; p < 0.003). Pim1+ hCSCs also produced a 2-fold increase of viable mass compared to hCSCs at 8 weeks (113.7 ± 7.2% vs. 65.6 ± 6.8%; p <0.003), and a greater increase in regional contractility in both infarct and border zones (both p < 0.05). Both CSC types significantly increased ejection fraction at 4 weeks but this was only sustained in the Pim1+ group at 8 weeks compared to placebo. Both hCSC and Pim1+ hCSC treatment reduced afterload (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004, respectively). Mechanoenergetic recoupling was significantly greater in the Pim1+ hCSC group (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Pim1 overexpression enhanced the effect of intramyocardial delivery of CSCs to infarcted porcine hearts. These findings provide a rationale for genetic modification of stem cells and consequent translation to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vasileios Karantalis
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Julia Fritsch
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Viky Y Loescher
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Frederic McCall
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bo Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Luiza Bagno
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Samuel Golpanian
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Justin Grenet
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Adam Williams
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aaron Kupin
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aaron Rosenfeld
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Biology Department and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Biology Department and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Azorides Morales
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wayne Balkan
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Stem cell mediated cardiac repair is an exciting and controversial area of cardiovascular research that holds the potential to produce novel, revolutionary therapies for the treatment of heart disease. Extensive investigation to define cell types contributing to cardiac formation, homeostasis and regeneration has produced several candidates, including adult cardiac c-Kit+ expressing stem and progenitor cells that have even been employed in a Phase I clinical trial demonstrating safety and feasibility of this therapeutic approach. However, the field of cardiac cell based therapy remains deeply divided due to strong disagreement among researchers and clinicians over which cell types, if any, are the best candidates for these applications. Research models that identify and define specific cardiac cells that effectively contribute to heart repair are urgently needed to resolve this debate. In this review, current c-Kit reporter models are discussed with respect to myocardial c-Kit cell biology and function, and future designs imagined to better represent endogenous myocardial c-Kit expression.
Collapse
|
42
|
Monsanto MM, White KS, Kim T, Wang BJ, Fisher K, Ilves K, Khalafalla FG, Casillas A, Broughton K, Mohsin S, Dembitsky WP, Sussman MA. Concurrent Isolation of 3 Distinct Cardiac Stem Cell Populations From a Single Human Heart Biopsy. Circ Res 2017; 121:113-124. [PMID: 28446444 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The relative actions and synergism between distinct myocardial-derived stem cell populations remain obscure. Ongoing debates on optimal cell population(s) for treatment of heart failure prompted implementation of a protocol for isolation of multiple stem cell populations from a single myocardial tissue sample to develop new insights for achieving myocardial regeneration. OBJECTIVE Establish a robust cardiac stem cell isolation and culture protocol to consistently generate 3 distinct stem cell populations from a single human heart biopsy. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolation of 3 endogenous cardiac stem cell populations was performed from human heart samples routinely discarded during implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Tissue explants were mechanically minced into 1 mm3 pieces to minimize time exposure to collagenase digestion and preserve cell viability. Centrifugation removes large cardiomyocytes and tissue debris producing a single cell suspension that is sorted using magnetic-activated cell sorting technology. Initial sorting is based on tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (c-Kit) expression that enriches for 2 c-Kit+ cell populations yielding a mixture of cardiac progenitor cells and endothelial progenitor cells. Flowthrough c-Kit- mesenchymal stem cells are positively selected by surface expression of markers CD90 and CD105. After 1 week of culture, the c-Kit+ population is further enriched by selection for a CD133+ endothelial progenitor cell population. Persistence of respective cell surface markers in vitro is confirmed both by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Three distinct cardiac cell populations with individualized phenotypic properties consistent with cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells can be successfully concurrently isolated and expanded from a single tissue sample derived from human heart failure patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Monsanto
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Kevin S White
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Taeyong Kim
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Kristina Fisher
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Kelli Ilves
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Alexandria Casillas
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Kathleen Broughton
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Walter P Dembitsky
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (M.M.M., K.S.W., T.K., B.J.W., K.F., K.I., F.G.K., A.C., K.B., S.M., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.).
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research reveals cardiac regeneration exists at levels previously deemed unattainable. Clinical trials using stem cells demonstrate promising cardiomyogenic and regenerative potential but insufficient contractile recovery. Incomplete understanding of the biology of administered cells likely contributes to inconsistent patient outcomes. Metabolism is a core component of many well-characterized stem cell types, and metabolic changes fundamentally alter stem cell fate from self-renewal to lineage commitment, and vice versa. However, the metabolism of stem cells currently studied for cardiac regeneration remains incompletely understood. Areas covered: Key metabolic features of stem cells are reviewed and unique stem cell metabolic characteristics are discussed. Metabolic changes altering stem cell fate are considered from quiescence and self-renewal to lineage commitment. Key metabolic concepts are applied toward examining cardiac regeneration through stem cell-based approaches, and clinical implications of current cell therapies are evaluated to identify potential areas of improvement. Expert commentary: The metabolism and biology of stem cells used for cardiac therapy remain poorly characterized. A growing appreciation for the fundamental relationship between stem cell functionality and metabolic phenotype is developing. Future studies unraveling links between cardiac stem cell metabolism and regenerative potential may considerably improve treatment strategies and therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter A Kubli
- a San Diego State University , Integrated Regenerative Research Institute , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- a San Diego State University , Integrated Regenerative Research Institute , San Diego , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Al-Maqtari T, Hong KU, Vajravelu BN, Moktar A, Cao P, Moore JB, Bolli R. Transcription factor-induced activation of cardiac gene expression in human c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174242. [PMID: 28355297 PMCID: PMC5371315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transplantation of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) significantly alleviates post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction, generation of cardiomyocytes by exogenous CPCs in the recipient heart has often been limited. Inducing robust differentiation would be necessary for improving the efficacy of the regenerative cardiac cell therapy. We assessed the hypothesis that differentiation of human c-kit+ CPCs can be enhanced by priming them with cardiac transcription factors (TFs). We introduced five different TFs (Gata4, MEF2C, NKX2.5, TBX5, and BAF60C) into CPCs, either alone or in combination, and then examined the expression of marker genes associated with the major cardiac cell types using quantitative RT-PCR. When introduced individually, Gata4 and TBX5 induced a subset of myocyte markers. Moreover, Gata4 alone significantly induced smooth muscle cell and fibroblast markers. Interestingly, these gene expression changes brought by Gata4 were also accompanied by morphological changes. In contrast, MEF2C and NKX2.5 were largely ineffective in initiating cardiac gene expression in CPCs. Surprisingly, introduction of multiple TFs in different combinations mostly failed to act synergistically. Likewise, addition of BAF60C to Gata4 and/or TBX5 did not further potentiate their effects on cardiac gene expression. Based on our results, it appears that GATA4 is able to potentiate gene expression programs associated with multiple cardiovascular lineages in CPCs, suggesting that GATA4 may be effective in priming CPCs for enhanced differentiation in the setting of stem cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Al-Maqtari
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kyung U. Hong
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Bathri N. Vajravelu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Afsoon Moktar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Pengxiao Cao
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Joseph B. Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu N, Wang BJ, Broughton KM, Alvarez R, Siddiqi S, Loaiza R, Nguyen N, Quijada P, Gude N, Sussman MA. PIM1-minicircle as a therapeutic treatment for myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173963. [PMID: 28323876 PMCID: PMC5360264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PIM1, a pro-survival gene encoding a serine/ threonine kinase, influences cell proliferation and survival. Modification of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) or cardiomyocytes with PIM1 using a lentivirus-based delivery method showed long-term improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). However, lentivirus based delivery methods have stringent FDA regulation with respect to clinical trials. To provide an alternative and low risk PIM1 delivery method, this study examined the use of a non-viral modified plasmid-minicircle (MC) as a vehicle to deliver PIM1 into mouse CPCs (mCPCs) in vitro and the myocardium in vivo. MC containing a turbo gfp reporter gene (gfp-MC) was used as a transfection and injection control. PIM1 was subcloned into gfp-MC (PIM1-MC) and then transfected into mCPCs at an efficiency of 29.4±3.7%. PIM1-MC engineered mCPCs (PIM1-mCPCs) exhibit significantly (P<0.05) better survival rate under oxidative treatment. PIM1-mCPCs also exhibit 1.9±0.1 and 2.2±0.2 fold higher cell proliferation at 3 and 5 days post plating, respectively, as compared to gfp-MC transfected mCPCs control. PIM1-MC was injected directly into ten-week old adult FVB female mice hearts in the border zone immediately after MI. Delivery of PIM1 into myocardium was confirmed by GFP+ cardiomyocytes. Mice with PIM1-MC injection showed increased protection compared to gfp-MC injection groups measured by ejection fraction at 3 and 7 days post injury (P = 0.0379 and P = 0.0262 by t-test, respectively). Success of PIM1 delivery and integration into mCPCs in vitro and cardiomyocytes in vivo by MC highlights the possibility of a non-cell based therapeutic approach for treatment of ischemic heart disease and MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bingyan J. Wang
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Broughton
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sailay Siddiqi
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rebeca Loaiza
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nicky Nguyen
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Natalie Gude
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Srikanth Garikipati VN, Kishore R. Young Hearts Run Free: Therapeutic Potential of Neonatal Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells Secretome. Circ Res 2017; 120:751-752. [PMID: 28254793 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (V.N.S.G., R.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Raj Kishore
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (V.N.S.G., R.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shi B, Deng W, Long X, Zhao R, Wang Y, Chen W, Xu G, Sheng J, Wang D, Cao S. miR-21 increases c-kit + cardiac stem cell proliferation in vitro through PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2859. [PMID: 28168101 PMCID: PMC5289448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The low survival rate of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the ischemic myocardium is one of the obstacles in ischemic cardiomyopathy cell therapy. The MicroRNA (miR)-21 and one of its target protein, the tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), contributes to the proliferation of many kinds of tissues and cell types. It is reported that miR-21 promotes proliferation through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, but its effects on c-kit+ CSC remain unclear. The authors hypothesized that miR-21 promotes the proliferation in c-kit + CSC, and evaluated the involvement of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro. miR-21 up-regulation with miR-21 efficiently mimics accelerated cell viability and proliferation in c-kit + CSC, which was evidenced by the CCK-8, EdU and cell cycle analyses. In addition, the over-expression of miR-21 in c-kit + CSCs notably down-regulated the protein expression of PTEN although the mRNA level of PTEN showed little change. Gain-of-function of miR-21 also increased the phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) level. Phen, the selective inhibitor of PTEN, reproduced the pro-proliferation effects of miR-21, while PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, totally attenuated the pro-survival effect of miR-21. These results indicate that miR-21 is efficient in promoting proliferation in c-kit+ CSCs, which is contributed by the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. miR-21 holds the potential to facilitate CSC therapy in ischemic myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianping Long
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guanxue Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Myocardial Regeneration for Humans ― Modifying Biology and Manipulating Evolution ―. Circ J 2017; 81:142-148. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Broughton
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hinkel R. Pim1 Overexpressing ckit+ Cardiac Stem Cells in Cardiac Regeneration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2465-2466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
50
|
Feyen DA, Gaetani R, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JP. Stem cell-based therapy: Improving myocardial cell delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:104-115. [PMID: 27133386 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies form an exciting new class of medicine that attempt to provide the body with the building blocks required for the reconstruction of damaged organs. However, delivering cells to the correct location, while preserving their integrity and functional properties, is a complex undertaking. These challenges have led to the development of a highly dynamic interdisciplinary research field, wherein medical, biological, and chemical sciences have collaborated to develop strategies to overcome the physiological barriers imposed on the cellular therapeutics. In this respect, improving the acute retention and subsequent survival of stem cells is key to effectively increase the effect of the therapy, while proper tissue integration is imperative for stem cells to functionally replace lost cells in damaged organs. In this review, we will use the heart as an example to highlight the current knowledge of therapeutic stem cell utilization, the existing pitfalls and limitations, and the approaches that have been developed to overcome them.
Collapse
|