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Ni Z, Lyu L, Gong H, Du L, Wen Z, Jiang H, Yang H, Hu Y, Zhang B, Xu Q, Guo X, Chen T. Multilineage commitment of Sca-1 + cells in reshaping vein grafts. Theranostics 2023; 13:2154-2175. [PMID: 37153747 PMCID: PMC10157743 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vein graft failure remains a significant clinical problem. Similar to other vascular diseases, stenosis of vein grafts is caused by several cell lines; however, the sources of these cells remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular sources that reshape vein grafts. By analyzing transcriptomics data and constructing inducible lineage-tracing mouse models, we investigated the cellular components of vein grafts and their fates. The sc-RNAseq data suggested that Sca-1+ cells were vital players in vein grafts and might serve as progenitors for multilineage commitment. By generating a vein graft model in which the venae cavae from C57BL/6J wild-type mice were transplanted adjacent to the carotid arteries of Sca-1(Ly6a)-CreERT2; Rosa26-tdTomato mice, we demonstrated that the recipient Sca-1+ cells dominated reendothelialization and the formation of adventitial microvessels, especially at the perianastomotic regions. In turn, using chimeric mouse models, we confirmed that the Sca-1+ cells that participated in reendothelialization and the formation of adventitial microvessels all had a non-bone-marrow origin, whereas bone-marrow-derived Sca-1+ cells differentiated into inflammatory cells in vein grafts. Furthermore, using a parabiosis mouse model, we confirmed that non-bone-marrow-derived circulatory Sca-1+ cells were vital for the formation of adventitial microvessels, whereas Sca-1+ cells derived from local carotid arteries were the source of endothelium restoration. Using another mouse model in which venae cavae from Sca-1 (Ly6a)-CreERT2; Rosa26-tdTomato mice were transplanted adjacent to the carotid arteries of C57BL/6J wild-type mice, we confirmed that the donor Sca-1+ cells were mainly responsible for smooth muscle cells commitment in the neointima, particularly at the middle bodies of vein grafts. In addition, we provided evidence that knockdown/knockout of Pdgfrα in Sca-1+ cells decreased the cell potential to generate SMCs in vitro and decreased number of intimal SMCs in vein grafts. Our findings provided cell atlases of vein grafts, which demonstrated that recipient carotid arteries, donor veins, non-bone-marrow circulation, and the bone marrow provided diverse Sca-1+ cells/progenitors that participated in the reshaping of vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoshi Wen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of kidney disease center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of kidney disease center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qingbo Xu, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500, Fax: +86 571 4008306430 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Xiaogang Guo, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Ting Chen, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 15067127900 Mailing Address: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qingbo Xu, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500, Fax: +86 571 4008306430 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Xiaogang Guo, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Ting Chen, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 15067127900 Mailing Address: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qingbo Xu, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500, Fax: +86 571 4008306430 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Xiaogang Guo, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 571-87236500 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China. Or Ting Chen, MD. PhD. , Tel: +86 15067127900 Mailing Address: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Hangzhou, China
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2
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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3
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Craig DJ, James AW, Wang Y, Tavian M, Crisan M, Péault BM. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:35-43. [PMID: 35641167 PMCID: PMC8895497 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall is comprised of distinct layers controlling angiogenesis, blood flow, vessel anchorage within organs, and cell and molecule transit between blood and tissues. Moreover, some blood vessels are home to essential stem-like cells, a classic example being the existence in the embryo of hemogenic endothelial cells at the origin of definitive hematopoiesis. In recent years, microvascular pericytes and adventitial perivascular cells were observed to include multi-lineage progenitor cells involved not only in organ turnover and regeneration but also in pathologic remodeling, including fibrosis and atherosclerosis. These perivascular mesodermal elements were identified as native forerunners of mesenchymal stem cells. We have presented in this brief review our current knowledge on vessel wall-associated tissue remodeling cells with respect to discriminating phenotypes, functional diversity in health and disease, and potential therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Craig
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mihaela Crisan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno M Péault
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Bruno Péault, PhD, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7358, USA.
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4
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Reinhardt JW, Breuer CK. Fibrocytes: A Critical Review and Practical Guide. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784401. [PMID: 34975874 PMCID: PMC8718395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes are hematopoietic-derived cells that directly contribute to tissue fibrosis by producing collagen following injury, during disease, and with aging. The lack of a fibrocyte-specific marker has led to the use of multiple strategies for identifying these cells in vivo. This review will detail how past studies were performed, report their findings, and discuss their strengths and limitations. The motivation is to identify opportunities for further investigation and promote the adoption of best practices during future study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
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5
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Tomas L, Prica F, Schulz C. Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718432. [PMID: 34759917 PMCID: PMC8573388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis – from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, we discuss the functional and ontogenetic composition of the aortic pool of mononuclear phagocytes and its link to the atherosclerotic disease process. The development of mouse models of atherosclerosis regression in recent years, has enabled scientists to investigate the behaviour of monocytes and macrophages during the resolution of atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the dynamics of these mononuclear phagocytes upon cessation of hypercholesterolemia and how they contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the trafficking, fate and disease-relevant dynamics of monocytes and macrophages during atherosclerosis, and to highlight remaining questions. We focus on the results of rodent studies, as analysis of cellular fates requires experimental manipulations that cannot be performed in humans but point out findings that could be replicated in human tissues. Understanding of the biology of macrophages in atherosclerosis provides an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to limit lesion formation and promote plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tomas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Prica
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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6
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Jiang L, Sun X, Deng J, Hu Y, Xu Q. Different Roles of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Vascular Remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:192-203. [PMID: 33107320 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Since the discovery of vascular stem cells, there has been considerable advancement in comprehending the nature and functions of these cells. Due to their differentiation potential to repair endothelial cells and to participate in lesion formation during vascular remodeling, it is crucial to elucidate vascular stem cell behaviors and the mechanisms underlying this process, which could provide new chances for the design of clinical therapeutic application of stem cells. Recent Advances: Over the past decades, major progress has been made on progenitor/vascular stem cells in the field of cardiovascular research. Vascular stem cells are mostly latent in their niches and can be bioactivated in response to damage and get involved in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell aggregation to generate neointima. Accumulating evidence has been shown recently, using genetic lineage tracing mouse models, to particularly provide solutions to the nature of vascular stem cells and to monitor both cell migration and the process of differentiation during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. Critical Issues: This article reviews and summarizes the current research progress of vascular stem cells in this field and highlights future prospects for stem cell research in regenerative medicine. Future Directions: Despite recent advances and achievements of stem cells in cardiovascular research, the nature and cell fate of vascular stem cells remain elusive. Further comprehensive studies using new techniques including genetic cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing are essential to fully illuminate the role of stem cells in vascular development and diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 192-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Upcin B, Henke E, Kleefeldt F, Hoffmann H, Rosenwald A, Irmak-Sav S, Aktas HB, Rückschloß U, Ergün S. Contribution of Adventitia-Derived Stem and Progenitor Cells to New Vessel Formation in Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071719. [PMID: 34359889 PMCID: PMC8304670 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking tumor vascularization has not yet come to fruition to the extent it was hoped for, as angiogenesis inhibitors have shown only partial success in the clinic. We hypothesized that under-appreciated vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SPCs) might be involved in tumor vascularization and influence effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy. Indeed, in patient samples, we observed that vascular adventitia-resident CD34+ VW-SPCs are recruited to tumors in situ from co-opted vessels. To elucidate this in detail, we established an ex vivo model using concomitant embedding of multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and mouse aortic rings (ARs) into collagen gels, similar to the so-called aortic ring assay (ARA). Moreover, ARA was modified by removing the ARs’ adventitia that harbors VW-SPCs. Thus, this model enabled distinguishing the contribution of VW-SPCs from that of mature endothelial cells (ECs) to new vessel formation. Our results show that the formation of capillary-like sprouts is considerably delayed, and their number and network formation were significantly reduced by removing the adventitia. Substituting iPSC-derived neural spheroids for MCTS resulted in distinct sprouting patterns that were also strongly influenced by the presence or absence of VW-SPCs, also underlying the involvement of these cells in non-pathological vascularization. Our data suggest that more comprehensive approaches are needed in order to block all of the mechanisms contributing to tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Upcin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Erik Henke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Helene Hoffmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Ster Irmak-Sav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Bertal Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Uwe Rückschloß
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-82701
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8
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Wu Y, Li YJ, Shi LL, Liu Y, Wang Y, Bao X, Xu W, Yao LY, Mbadhi MN, Chen L, Li S, Li XY, Zhang ZF, Zhao S, Zhang RN, Chen SY, Zhang JX, Jun-mingTang. Spatio-temporal model of Meox1 expression control involvement of Sca-1-positive stem cells in neointima formation through the synergistic effect of Rho/CDC42 and SDF-1α/CXCR4. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:387. [PMID: 34233723 PMCID: PMC8262022 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neointimal hyperplasia remains a major obstacle in vascular regeneration. Sca-1-positive progenitor cells residing within the vascular adventitia play a crucial role in the assemblage of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and the formation of the intimal lesion. However, the underlying mechanisms during vascular injury are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Aneointimal formation rat model was prepared by carotid artery injury using 2F-Forgaty. After vascular injury, Meox1 expressions time-dependently increased during the neointima formation, with its levels concurrently increasing in the adventitia, media, and neointima. Meox1 was highly expressed in the adventitia on the first day after vascular injury compared to the expression levels in the media. Conversely, by the 14th day post-injury, Meox1 was extensively expressed more in the media and neointima than the adventitia. Analogous to the change of Meox1 in injured artery, Sca-1+ progenitor cells increased in the adventitia wall in a time-dependent manner and reached peak levels on the 7th day after injury. More importantly, this effect was abolished by Meox1 knockdown with shRNA. The enhanced expression of SDF-1α after vascular injury was associated with the markedly enhanced expression levels of Sca1+ progenitor cell, and these levels were relatively synchronously increased within neointima by the 7th day after vascular injury. These special effects were abolished by the knockdown of Meox1 with shRNA and inhibition of CXCR4 by its inhibitor, AMD3100. Finally, Meox1 concurrently regulated SDF-1α expressions in VSMC via activating CDC42, and CDC42 inhibition abolished these effects by its inhibitor, ZCL278. Also, Meox1 was involved in activation of the CXCR4 expression of Sca-1+ progenitor cells by CDC42. CONCLUSIONS Spatio-temporal model of Meox1 expression regulates theSca-1+progenitor cell migration during the formation of the neointima through the synergistic effect of Rho/CDC42 and SDF-1α/CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Jin Li
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu-Liu Shi
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yuan Yao
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Magdaleena Naemi Mbadhi
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Cental Lab, Guoyao-Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-mingTang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Jolly AJ, Lu S, Strand KA, Dubner AM, Mutryn MF, Nemenoff RA, Majesky MW, Moulton KS, Weiser-Evans MCM. Heterogeneous subpopulations of adventitial progenitor cells regulate vascular homeostasis and pathological vascular remodeling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1452-1465. [PMID: 33989378 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by chronic vascular dysfunction and provoke pathological remodeling events such as neointima formation, atherosclerotic lesion development, and adventitial fibrosis. While lineage-tracing studies have shown that phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cellular component of neointimal lesions, the cellular origins and microenvironmental signaling mechanisms that underlie remodeling along the adventitial vascular layer are not fully understood. However, a growing body of evidence supports a unique population of adventitial lineage-restricted progenitor cells expressing the stem cell marker, stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1; AdvSca1 cells) as important effectors of adventitial remodeling and suggests that they are at least partially responsible for subsequent pathological changes that occur in the media and intima. AdvSca1 cells are being studied in murine models of atherosclerosis, perivascular fibrosis, and neointima formation in response to acute vascular injury. Depending on the experimental conditions, AdvSca1 cells exhibit the capacity to differentiate into SMCs, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and pro-remodeling cells such as myofibroblasts and macrophages. These data indicate that AdvSca1 cells may be a targetable cell population to influence the outcomes of pathologic vascular remodeling. Important questions remain regarding the origins of AdvSca1 cells and the essential signaling mechanisms and microenvironmental factors that regulate both maintenance of their stem-like, progenitor phenotype and their differentiation into lineage-specified cell types. Adding complexity to the story, recent data indicate that the collective population of adventitial progenitor cells is likely composed of several smaller, lineage-restricted subpopulations which are not fully defined by their transcriptomic profile and differentiation capabilities. The aim of this review is to outline the heterogeneity of Sca1+ adventitial progenitor cells, summarize their role in vascular homeostasis and remodeling, and comment on their translational relevance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Keith A Strand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Allison M Dubner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension.,School of Medicine,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101.,Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | | | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension.,School of Medicine,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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10
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Harasymowicz NS, Rashidi N, Savadipour A, Wu CL, Tang R, Bramley J, Buchser W, Guilak F. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the induction of novel myeloid and myeloid-associated cell populations in visceral fat with long-term obesity. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21417. [PMID: 33566380 PMCID: PMC8743141 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001970r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages and other immune cells are important contributors to obesity-associated inflammation; however, the cellular identities of these specific populations remain unknown. In this study, we identified individual populations of myeloid cells found in mouse epididymal/visceral adipose tissue by single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Multiple canonical correlation analysis identified 11 unique myeloid and myeloid-associate cell populations. In obese mice, we detected an increased percentage of monocyte-derived pro-inflammatory cells expressing Cd9 and Trem2, as well as significantly decreased percentages of multiple cell populations, including tissue-resident cells expressing Lyve1, Mafb, and Mrc1. We have identified and validated a novel myeloid/macrophage population defined by Ly6a expression, exhibiting both myeloid and mesenchymal characteristics, which increased with obesity and showed high pro-fibrotic characteristics in vitro. Our mouse adipose tissue myeloid cell atlas provides an important resource to investigate obesity-associated inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neda Rashidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Bramley
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Buchser
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Wu H, Zhou X, Gong H, Ni Z, Xu Q. Perivascular tissue stem cells are crucial players in vascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:324-333. [PMID: 33556462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular tissue including adipose layer and adventitia have been considered to play pivotal roles in vascular development and disease progression. Recent studies showed that abundant stem/progenitorcells (SPCs) are present in perivascular tissues. These SPCs exhibit capability to proliferate and differentiate into specific terminal cells. Adult perivascular SPCs are quiescent in normal condition, once activated by specific molecules (e.g., cytokines), they migrate toward the lumen side where they differentiate into both smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), thus promoting intima hyperplasia or endothelial regeneration. In addition, perivascular SPCs can also regulate vascular diseases via other ways including but not limited to paracrine effects, matrix protein modulation and microvessel formation. Perivascular SPCs have also been shown to possess therapeutic potentials due to the capability to differentiate into vascular cells and regenerate vascular structures. This review summarizes current knowledge on resident SPCs features and discusses the potential benefits of SPCs therapy in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhichao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
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12
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Koeniger T, Bell L, Mifka A, Enders M, Hautmann V, Mekala SR, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Schulz C, Wörsdörfer P, Mencl S, Kleinschnitz C, Ergün S, Kuerten S. Bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitors in the leptomeninges of adult mice. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:227-239. [PMID: 33270951 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the bone marrow contains most hematopoietic activity during adulthood, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can be recovered from various extramedullary sites. Cells with hematopoietic progenitor properties have even been reported in the adult brain under steady-state conditions, but their nature and localization remain insufficiently defined. Here, we describe a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitors in the leptomeninges of adult C57BL/6 mice. This cell pool included common myeloid, granulocyte/macrophage, and megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors. Accordingly, it gave rise to all major myelo-erythroid lineages in clonogenic culture assays. Brain-associated progenitors persisted after tissue perfusion and were partially inaccessible to intravenous antibodies, suggesting their localization behind continuous blood vessel endothelium such as the blood-arachnoid barrier. Flt3Cre lineage tracing and bone marrow transplantation showed that the precursors were derived from adult hematopoietic stem cells and were most likely continuously replaced via cell trafficking. Importantly, their occurrence was tied to the immunologic state of the central nervous system (CNS) and was diminished in the context of neuroinflammation and ischemic stroke. Our findings confirm the presence of myeloid progenitors at the meningeal border of the brain and lay the foundation to unravel their possible functions in CNS surveillance and local immune cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Koeniger
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Bell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anika Mifka
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Enders
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valentin Hautmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Subba Rao Mekala
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stine Mencl
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Anatomisches Institut, Neuroanatomie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Lu S, Jolly AJ, Strand KA, Dubner AM, Mutryn MF, Moulton KS, Nemenoff RA, Majesky MW, Weiser-Evans MC. Smooth muscle-derived progenitor cell myofibroblast differentiation through KLF4 downregulation promotes arterial remodeling and fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139445. [PMID: 33119549 PMCID: PMC7714399 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident vascular adventitial SCA1+ progenitor (AdvSca1) cells are essential in vascular development and injury. However, the heterogeneity of AdvSca1 cells presents a unique challenge in understanding signaling pathways orchestrating their behavior in homeostasis and injury responses. Using smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-tracing models, we identified a subpopulation of AdvSca1 cells (AdvSca1-SM) originating from mature SMCs that undergo reprogramming in situ and exhibit a multipotent phenotype. Here we employed lineage tracing and RNA-sequencing to define the signaling pathways regulating SMC-to-AdvSca1-SM cell reprogramming and AdvSca1-SM progenitor cell phenotype. Unbiased hierarchical clustering revealed that genes related to hedgehog/WNT/beta-catenin signaling were significantly enriched in AdvSca1-SM cells, emphasizing the importance of this signaling axis in the reprogramming event. Leveraging AdvSca1-SM–specific expression of GLI-Kruppel family member GLI1 (Gli1), we generated Gli1-CreERT2-ROSA26-YFP reporter mice to selectively track AdvSca1-SM cells. We demonstrated that physiologically relevant vascular injury or AdvSca1-SM cell–specific Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) depletion facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of AdvSca1-SM cells to a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype rather than macrophages. Surprisingly, AdvSca1-SM cells selectively contributed to adventitial remodeling and fibrosis but little to neointima formation. Together, these findings strongly support therapeutics aimed at preserving the AdvSca1-SM cell phenotype as a viable antifibrotic approach. Smooth muscle cell–derived resident vascular adventitial progenitor cells adopt a myofibroblast phenotype in response to vascular injury and play a dominant role in vascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhao Lu
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Austin J Jolly
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Keith A Strand
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Allison M Dubner
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Cm Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Cardio Vascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Wang F, Liang S, Hu J, Xu Y. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor connects dysregulated immune cells to atherosclerosis. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:55-63. [PMID: 33053378 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune components, atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that the development of atherosclerosis is strongly linked to the functional activities of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a chemical sensor that is also important for the development, maintenance, and function of a variety of immune cells. In this review, we focus on the impact of AHR signaling on the different cell types that are closely related to the atherogenesis, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, foam cells, and hematopoietic stem cells in the arterial walls, and summarize the latest development on the interplay between this environmental sensor and immune cells in the context of atherosclerosis. Hopefully, elucidation of the role of AHR in atherosclerosis will facilitate the understanding of case variation in disease prevalence and may aid in the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shuangchao Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jiqiong Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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15
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I T, Ueda Y, Wörsdörfer P, Sumita Y, Asahina I, Ergün S. Resident CD34-positive cells contribute to peri-endothelial cells and vascular morphogenesis in salivary gland after irradiation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1467-1479. [PMID: 33025085 PMCID: PMC7578140 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction is a common post-radiotherapy complication. Besides the parenchymal damage after irradiation (IR), there are also effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which were shown to contribute to regeneration and repair of damaged tissues by differentiating into stromal cell types or releasing vesicles and soluble factors supporting the healing processes. However, there are no adequate reports about their roles during SG damage and regeneration so far. Using an irradiated SG mouse model, we performed certain immunostainings on tissue sections of submandibular glands at different time points after IR. Immunostaining for CD31 revealed that already one day after IR, vascular impairment was induced at the level of capillaries. In addition, the expression of CD44—a marker of acinar cells—diminished gradually after IR and, by 20 weeks, almost disappeared. In contrast, the number of CD34-positive cells significantly increased 4 weeks after IR and some of the CD34-positive cells were found to reside within the adventitia of arteries and veins. Laser confocal microscopic analyses revealed an accumulation of CD34-positive cells within the area of damaged capillaries where they were in close contact to the CD31-positive endothelial cells. At 4 weeks after IR, a fraction of the CD34-positive cells underwent differentiation into α-SMA-positive cells, which suggests that they may contribute to regeneration of smooth muscle cells and/or pericytes covering the small vessels from the outside. In conclusion, SG-resident CD34-positive cells represent a population of progenitors that could contribute to new vessel formation and/or remodeling of the pre-existing vessels after IR and thus, might be an important player during SG tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi I
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Tinajero MG, Gotlieb AI. Recent Developments in Vascular Adventitial Pathobiology: The Dynamic Adventitia as a Complex Regulator of Vascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:520-534. [PMID: 31866347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia, the outer layer of the blood vessel wall, may be the most complex layer of the wall and may be the master regulator of wall physiology and pathobiology. This review proposes a major shift in thinking to apply a functional lens to the adventitia rather than only a structural lens. Human and experimental in vivo and in vitro studies show that the adventitia is a dynamic microenvironment in which adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue cells initiate and regulate important vascular functions in disease, especially intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Although well away from the blood-wall interface, where much pathology has been identified, the adventitia has a profound influence on the population of intimal and medial endothelial, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell function. Vascular injury and dysfunction of the perivascular adipose tissue promote expansion of the vasa vasorum, activation of fibroblasts, and differentiation of myofibroblasts. This regulates further biologic processes, including fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation, inflammation, immunity, stem cell activation and regulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis. A debate exists as to whether the adventitia initiates disease or is just an important participant. We describe a mechanistic model of adventitial function that brings together current knowledge and guides the design of future investigations to test specific hypotheses on adventitial pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Tinajero
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Wu Y, Liu X, Guo LY, Zhang L, Zheng F, Li S, Li XY, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Yan YW, Chen SY, Wang JN, Zhang JX, Tang JM. S100B is required for maintaining an intermediate state with double-positive Sca-1+ progenitor and vascular smooth muscle cells during neointimal formation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:294. [PMID: 31547879 PMCID: PMC6757428 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the neointimal region is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and vessel injury. Evidence has shown that Sca-1-positive (Sca-1+) progenitor cells residing in the vascular adventitia play a crucial role in VSMC assemblages and intimal lesions. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially in the circumstances of vascular injury, remain unknown. Methods and results The neointimal formation model in rats was established by carotid artery balloon injury using a 2F-Forgaty catheter. Most Sca-1+ cells first appeared at the adventitia of the vascular wall. S100B expressions were highest within the adventitia on the first day after vessel injury. Along with the sequentially increasing trend of S100B expression in the intima, media, and adventitia, respectively, the numbers of Sca-1+ cells were prominently increased at the media or neointima during the time course of neointimal formation. Furthermore, the Sca-1+ cells were markedly increased in the tunica media on the third day of vessel injury, SDF-1α expressions were obviously increased, and SDF-1α levels and Sca-1+ cells were almost synchronously increased within the neointima on the seventh day of vessel injury. These effects could effectually be reversed by knockdown of S100B by shRNA, RAGE inhibitor (SPF-ZM1), or CXCR4 blocker (AMD3100), indicating that migration of Sca-1+ cells from the adventitia into the neointima was associated with S100B/RAGE and SDF-1α/CXCR4. More importantly, the intermediate state of double-positive Sca-1+ and α-SMA cells was first found in the neointima of injured arteries, which could be substantially abrogated by using shRNA for S100B or blockade of CXCR4. S100B dose-dependently regulated SDF-1α expressions in VSMCs by activating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB, which were markedly abolished by PI3K/AKT inhibitor wortmannin and enhanced by p65 blocker PDTC. Furthermore, S100B was involved in human umbilical cord-derived Sca-1+ progenitor cells’ differentiation into VSMCs, especially in maintaining the intermediate state of double-positive Sca-1+ and α-SMA. Conclusions S100B triggered neointimal formation in rat injured arteries by maintaining the intermediate state of double-positive Sca-1+ progenitor and VSMCs, which were associated with direct activation of RAGE by S100B and indirect induction of SDF-1α by activating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1400-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Yun Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Wen Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
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18
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Ambardekar AV, Weiser-Evans MCM, Li M, Purohit SN, Aftab M, Reece TB, Moulton KS. Coronary Artery Remodeling and Fibrosis With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004491. [PMID: 29724722 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery fluid dynamics may be altered because of the nonphysiological flow seen in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Our aim was to study the structure and composition of coronary vessels after CF-LVAD. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary arteries were collected from patients with heart failure (HF) at the time of transplantation, of whom 15 were supported with a CF-LVAD before transplant (HF+LVAD group) and 9 were not (HF non-LVAD group). In addition, coronary samples were obtained from 5 nonfailing age-matched donors (nonfailing group). Histological analysis was performed to quantify coronary morphology, composition, vascular fibrosis, and vasa vasorum density. The age and sex mix of the 3 groups were similar, and the mean duration of LVAD support was 213 days. Compared with patients with HF and nonfailing donors, the arteries from patients with HF+LVAD had expansion of the adventitia, breakdown of the internal elastic lamina, and increased adventitial collagen deposition and density of vasa vasorum. CONCLUSIONS Among patients supported with CF-LVADs, the coronary arteries develop marked remodeling with increased adventitial fibrosis. The physiological consequences of these structural changes are unknown, but it is possible that arterial contractility may be impaired, thus limiting coronary flow reserve and promoting myocardial ischemia. This may contribute to CF-LVAD complications, such as ventricular arrhythmias and right ventricular failure. As more patients receive CF-LVADs and new pump technology attempts to modulate flow profiles and pulsatility, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and long-term sequela of these changes in coronary arteries and other vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.V.A., M.L., S.N.P., K.S.M.) .,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation (A.V.A., M.C.M.W.-E., K.S.M.)
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation (A.V.A., M.C.M.W.-E., K.S.M.).,Division of Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (M.C.M.W.-E.)
| | - Marcella Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.V.A., M.L., S.N.P., K.S.M.)
| | - Suneet N Purohit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.V.A., M.L., S.N.P., K.S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.A., T.B.R.), University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - T Brett Reece
- and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.A., T.B.R.), University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Karen S Moulton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.V.A., M.L., S.N.P., K.S.M.).,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation (A.V.A., M.C.M.W.-E., K.S.M.)
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19
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Ni Z, Deng J, Potter CMF, Nowak WN, Gu W, Zhang Z, Chen T, Chen Q, Hu Y, Zhou B, Xu Q, Zhang L. Recipient c-Kit Lineage Cells Repopulate Smooth Muscle Cells of Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Mouse Models. Circ Res 2019; 125:223-241. [PMID: 31079549 PMCID: PMC6615935 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Transplantation-accelerated arteriosclerosis is one of the major challenges for long-term survival of patients with solid organ transplantation. Although stem/progenitor cells have been implicated to participate in this process, the cells of origin and underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the role of c-Kit lineage cells in allograft-induced neointima formation and to explore the mechanisms underlying this process. Methods and Results: Using an inducible lineage tracing Kit-CreER;Rosa26-tdTomato mouse model, we observed that c-Kit is expressed in multiple cell types in the blood vessels, rather than a specific stem/progenitor cell marker. We performed allograft transplantation between different donor and recipient mice, as well as bone marrow transplantation experiments, demonstrating that recipient c-Kit+ cells repopulate neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and leukocytes, and contribute to neointima formation in an allograft transplantation model. c-Kit–derived SMCs originate from nonbone marrow tissues, whereas bone marrow-derived c-Kit+ cells mainly generate CD45+ leukocytes. However, the exact identity of c-Kit lineage cells contributing to neointimal SMCs remains unclear. ACK2 (anti-c-Kit antibody), which specifically binds and blocks c-Kit function, ameliorates allograft-induced arteriosclerosis. Stem cell factor and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 levels were significantly increased in blood and neointimal lesions after allograft transplantation, by which stem cell factor facilitated c-Kit+ cell migration through the stem cell factor/c-Kit axis and downstream activation of small GTPases, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase)/MLC (myosin light chain), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)/c-Jun signaling pathways, whereas TGF-β1 induces c-Kit+ cell differentiation into SMCs via HK (hexokinase)-1–dependent metabolic reprogramming and a possible downstream O-GlcNAcylation of myocardin and serum response factor. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that recipient c-Kit lineage cells contribute to vascular remodeling in an allograft transplantation model, in which the stem cell factor/c-Kit axis is responsible for cell migration and HK-1–dependent metabolic reprogramming for SMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ni
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Claire M F Potter
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Witold N Nowak
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Wenduo Gu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.).,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
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20
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Vasculogenic properties of adventitial Sca-1 +CD45 + progenitor cells in mice: a potential source of vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7286. [PMID: 31086203 PMCID: PMC6513996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular origins of vasa vasorum are ill-defined and may involve circulating or local progenitor cells. We previously discovered that murine aortic adventitia contains Sca-1+CD45+ progenitors that produce macrophages. Here we investigated whether they are also vasculogenic. In aortas of C57BL/6 mice, Sca-1+CD45+ cells were localised to adventitia and lacked surface expression of endothelial markers (<1% for CD31, CD144, TIE-2). In contrast, they did show expression of CD31, CD144, TIE-2 and VEGFR2 in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- aortas. Although Sca-1+CD45+ cells from C57BL/6 aorta did not express CD31, they formed CD31+ colonies in endothelial differentiation media and produced interconnecting vascular-like cords in Matrigel that contained both endothelial cells and a small population of macrophages, which were located at branch points. Transfer of aortic Sca-1+CD45+ cells generated endothelial cells and neovessels de novo in a hindlimb model of ischaemia and resulted in a 50% increase in perfusion compared to cell-free control. Similarly, their injection into the carotid adventitia of ApoE-/- mice produced donor-derived adventitial and peri-adventitial microvessels after atherogenic diet, suggestive of newly formed vasa vasorum. These findings show that beyond its content of macrophage progenitors, adventitial Sca-1+CD45+ cells are also vasculogenic and may be a source of vasa vasorum during atherogenesis.
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21
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Knockout rat models mimicking human atherosclerosis created by Cpf1-mediated gene targeting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2628. [PMID: 30796231 PMCID: PMC6385241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is a time-honored traditional experimental model animal, but its use is limited due to the difficulty of genetic modification. Although engineered endonucleases enable us to manipulate the rat genome, it is not known whether the newly identified endonuclease Cpf1 system is applicable to rats. Here we report the first application of CRISPR-Cpf1 in rats and investigate whether Apoe knockout rat can be used as an atherosclerosis model. We generated Apoe- and/or Ldlr-deficient rats via CRISPR-Cpf1 system, characterized by high efficiency, successful germline transmission, multiple gene targeting capacity, and minimal off-target effect. The resulting Apoe knockout rats displayed hyperlipidemia and aortic lesions. In partially ligated carotid arteries of rats and mice fed with high-fat diet, in contrast to Apoe knockout mice showing atherosclerotic lesions, Apoe knockout rats showed only adventitial immune infiltrates comprising T lymphocytes and mainly macrophages with no plaque. In addition, adventitial macrophage progenitor cells (AMPCs) were more abundant in Apoe knockout rats than in mice. Our data suggest that the Cpf1 system can target single or multiple genes efficiently and specifically in rats with genetic heritability and that Apoe knockout rats may help understand initial-stage atherosclerosis.
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22
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Chen T, Wu Y, Gu W, Xu Q. Response of vascular mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to hyperlipidemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4079-4091. [PMID: 29946805 PMCID: PMC11105685 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis that is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. It is well known that hyperlipidemia is a stimulator for endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle cell migration during vascular disease development. Recently, it was found that vessel wall contains a variable number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are quiescent in physiological conditions, but can be activated by a variety of stimuli, e.g., increased lipid level or hyperlipidemia. Vascular MSCs displayed characteristics of stem cells which can differentiate into several types of cells, e.g., smooth muscle cells, adipocytic, chondrocytic, and osteocytic lineages. In vitro, lipid loading can induce MSC migration and chemokines secretion. After MSC migration into the intima, they play an essential role in inflammatory response and cell accumulation during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, MSC transplantation has been explored as a therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis in animal models. In this review, we aim to summarize current progress in characterizing the identity of vascular MSCs and to discuss the mechanisms involved in the response of vascular stem/progenitor cells to lipid loading, as well as to explore therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases and shed new light on regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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23
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Genetic lineage tracing analysis of c-kit + stem/progenitor cells revealed a contribution to vascular injury-induced neointimal lesions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:277-286. [PMID: 30053526 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence indicates the presence of vascular stem/progenitor cells that may play a role in endothelial repair and lesion formation in the injured artery, in which c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells have been reported to differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro and in ischemic tissue. In this study, we investigated whether and how endogenous c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells contribute to vascular injury and neointima formation in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We created Kit-CreERxRosa26-RFP mice and performed genetic lineage tracing analysis of c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells in injury-induced neointima formation in vivo. We provide direct evidence that endogenous c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells minimally differentiate into endothelial or smooth muscle cells facilitating vascular repair, but predominantly generate monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes contributing to vascular immuno-inflammatory response to endothelial injury. Although c-kit+ cells reside in both bone marrow and vessel wall, bone marrow transplantation data indicate that bone marrow-derived c-kit+ cells are the main source for enhancing neointima formation. Furthermore, treatment of ACK2, a c-kit receptor antagonizer, attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after injury at least in part by depleting c-kit+ cells and their generated progeny. CONCLUSIONS c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells are not a main source for endothelial regeneration and smooth muscle accumulation of the large artery injury, but a plausible interventional approach to reduce vascular immuno-inflammatory response and subsequently to ameliorate vascular lesions.
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24
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Yu B, Chen Q, Le Bras A, Zhang L, Xu Q. Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation in Atherosclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:219-235. [PMID: 28537424 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is a major cause for the death of human beings, and it takes place in large- and middle-sized arteries. The pathogenesis of the disease has been widely investigated, and new findings on vascular stem/progenitor cells could have an impact on vascular regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent studies have shown that abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are mainly responsible for cell accumulation in the intima during vascular remodeling. It has been demonstrated that the mobilization and recruitment of tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that participate in vascular repair and remodeling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Interestingly, cell lineage tracing studies indicate that a large proportion of SMCs in neointimal lesions is derived from adventitial stem/progenitor cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The influence of stem/progenitor cell behavior on the development of atherosclerosis is crucial. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell migration and differentiation is essential for stem/progenitor cell therapy for vascular diseases and regenerative medicine. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identification of the detailed process driving the migration and differentiation of vascular stem/progenitor cells during the development of atherosclerosis, discovery of the environmental cues, and signaling pathways that control cell fate within the vasculature will facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yu
- 1 Department of Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital , Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
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25
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Steinbach SK, Wang T, Carruthers MH, Li A, Besla R, Johnston AP, Robbins CS, Husain M. Aortic Sca-1 + Progenitor Cells Arise from the Somitic Mesoderm Lineage in Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:888-897. [PMID: 29717623 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sca-1+ progenitor cells in the adult mouse aorta are known to generate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but their embryological origins and temporal abundance are not known. Using tamoxifen-inducible Myf5-CreER mice, we demonstrate that Sca-1+ adult aortic cells arise from the somitic mesoderm beginning at E8.5 and continue throughout somitogenesis. Myf5 lineage-derived Sca-1+ cells greatly expand in situ, starting at 4 weeks of age, and become a major source of aortic Sca-1+ cells by 6 weeks of age. Myf5-derived adult aortic cells are capable of forming multicellular sphere-like structures in vitro and express the pluripotency marker Sox2. Exposure to transforming growth factor-β3 induces these spheres to differentiate into calponin-expressing VSMCs. Pulse-chase experiments using tamoxifen-inducible Sox2-CreERT2 mice at 8 weeks of age demonstrate that ∼35% of all adult aortic Sca-1+ cells are derived from Sox2+ cells. The present study demonstrates that aortic Sca-1+ progenitor cells are derived from the somitic mesoderm formed at the earliest stages of somitogenesis and from Sox2-expressing progenitors in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Steinbach
- 1 Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,2 McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- 1 Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,3 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,4 Cardiovascular Sciences Collaborative Program, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Martha H Carruthers
- 1 Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Li
- 5 Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,6 Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,7 Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,8 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- 5 Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,6 Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,7 Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,9 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Clinton S Robbins
- 5 Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,6 Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,7 Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,8 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,9 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- 1 Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,2 McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,3 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,4 Cardiovascular Sciences Collaborative Program, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,6 Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,7 Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,9 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,11 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
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26
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Abstract
Vascular, resident stem cells are present in all 3 layers of the vessel wall; they play a role in vascular formation under physiological conditions and in remodeling in pathological situations. Throughout development and adult early life, resident stem cells participate in vessel formation through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In adults, the vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent in their niches but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell accumulation to form neointima. However, delineation of the characteristics and of the migration and differentiation behaviors of these stem cells is an area of ongoing investigation. A set of genetic mouse models for cell lineage tracing has been developed to specifically address the nature of these cells and both migration and differentiation processes during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on resident stem cells, which has become more defined and refined in vascular biology research, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote endothelial regeneration and ameliorate vascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
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27
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Wang D, Li LK, Dai T, Wang A, Li S. Adult Stem Cells in Vascular Remodeling. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:815-829. [PMID: 29344309 PMCID: PMC5771096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of vascular cells to blood vessel remodeling is critical for the development of new therapeutic approaches to cure cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and regenerate blood vessels. Recent findings suggest that neointimal formation and atherosclerotic lesions involve not only inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, but also several types of stem cells or progenitors in arterial walls and the circulation. Some of these stem cells also participate in the remodeling of vascular grafts, microvessel regeneration, and formation of fibrotic tissue around biomaterial implants. Here we review the recent findings on how adult stem cells participate in CVD development and regeneration as well as the current state of clinical trials in the field, which may lead to new approaches for cardiovascular therapies and tissue engineering.
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28
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Daniel JM, Reich F, Dutzmann J, Weisheit S, Teske R, Gündüz D, Bauersachs J, Preissner K, Sedding D. Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen inhibits neointima formation following vascular injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:603-13. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-01-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryCleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) or its peptide domain 5 (D5) alone exert anti-adhesive properties in vitro related to impeding integrin-mediated cellular interactions. However, the anti-adhesive effects of HKa in vivo remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of HKa on leukocyte recruitment and neointima formation following wire-induced injury of the femoral artery in C57BL/6 mice. Local application of HKa significantly reduced the accumulation of monocytes and also reduced neointimal lesion size 14 days after injury. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice transplanted with bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) showed a significantly reduced accumulation of eGFP+-cells at the arterial injury site and decreased neointimal lesion size after local application of HKa or the polypeptide D5 alone. A differentiation of accumulating eGFP+-cells into highly specific smooth muscle cells (SMC) was not detected in any group. In contrast, application of HKa significantly reduced the proliferation of locally derived neointimal cells. In vitro, HKa and D5 potently inhibited the adhesion of SMC to vitronectin, thus impairing their proliferation, migration, and survival rates. In conclusion, application of HKa or D5 decreases the inflammatory response to vascular injury and exerts direct effects on SMC by impeding the binding of integrins to extracellular matrix components. Therefore, HKa and D5 may hold promise as novel therapeutic substances to prevent neointima formation.
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29
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Macrophages in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:485-499. [PMID: 28168325 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall, and its main complications-myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke-together constitute the first cause of death worldwide. Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells in the intima of inflamed arteries has long been recognized as a hallmark of atherosclerosis. However, in recent years, an unexpected complexity in the mechanisms of macrophage accumulation in lesions, in the protective and pathogenic functions performed by macrophages and how they are regulated has been uncovered. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments regarding the various mechanisms of macrophage accumulation in lesion, the major functional features of lesion macrophages, and how the plaque microenvironment may affect macrophage phenotype. Finally, we discuss how best to apprehend the heterogeneous ontogeny and functionality of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and argue that moving away from a rigid nomenclature of arbitrarily defined macrophage subsets would be beneficial for research in the field.
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30
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Majesky MW, Horita H, Ostriker A, Lu S, Regan JN, Bagchi A, Dong XR, Poczobutt J, Nemenoff RA, Weiser-Evans MCM. Differentiated Smooth Muscle Cells Generate a Subpopulation of Resident Vascular Progenitor Cells in the Adventitia Regulated by Klf4. Circ Res 2016; 120:296-311. [PMID: 27834190 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The vascular adventitia is a complex layer of the vessel wall consisting of vasa vasorum microvessels, nerves, fibroblasts, immune cells, and resident progenitor cells. Adventitial progenitors express the stem cell markers, Sca1 and CD34 (adventitial sca1-positive progenitor cells [AdvSca1]), have the potential to differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages, and potentially contribute to intimal lesions in vivo. OBJECTIVE Although emerging data support the existence of AdvSca1 cells, the goal of this study was to determine their origin, degree of multipotency and heterogeneity, and contribution to vessel remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 2 in vivo fate-mapping approaches combined with a smooth muscle cell (SMC) epigenetic lineage mark, we report that a subpopulation of AdvSca1 cells is generated in situ from differentiated SMCs. Our data establish that the vascular adventitia contains phenotypically distinct subpopulations of progenitor cells expressing SMC, myeloid, and hematopoietic progenitor-like properties and that differentiated SMCs are a source to varying degrees of each subpopulation. SMC-derived AdvSca1 cells exhibit a multipotent phenotype capable of differentiating in vivo into mature SMCs, resident macrophages, and endothelial-like cells. After vascular injury, SMC-derived AdvSca1 cells expand in number and are major contributors to adventitial remodeling. Induction of the transcription factor Klf4 in differentiated SMCs is essential for SMC reprogramming in vivo, whereas in vitro approaches demonstrate that Klf4 is essential for the maintenance of the AdvSca1 progenitor phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We propose that generation of resident vascular progenitor cells from differentiated SMCs is a normal physiological process that contributes to the vascular stem cell pool and plays important roles in arterial homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.).
| | - Henrick Horita
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Allison Ostriker
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Sizhao Lu
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Jenna N Regan
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Xiu Rong Dong
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Joanna Poczobutt
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (H.H., A.O., S.L., A.B., J.P., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.) and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Division of Cardiology (R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora (M.C.M.W.-E.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.N.R.); Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M., X.R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.).
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Shikatani EA, Chandy M, Besla R, Li CC, Momen A, El-Mounayri O, Robbins CS, Husain M. c-Myb Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Adventitial Sca1+ Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Progenitors by Transactivation of Myocardin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1367-76. [PMID: 27174098 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are believed to dedifferentiate and proliferate in response to vessel injury. Recently, adventitial progenitor cells were implicated as a source of VSMCs involved in vessel remodeling. c-Myb is a transcription factor known to regulate VSMC proliferation in vivo and differentiation of VSMCs from mouse embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors in vitro. However, the role of c-Myb in regulating specific adult vascular progenitor cell populations was not known. Our objective was to examine the role of c-Myb in the proliferation and differentiation of Sca1(+) adventitial VSMC progenitor cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using mice with wild-type or hypomorphic c-myb (c-myb(h/h)), BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) uptake and flow cytometry revealed defective proliferation of Sca1(+) adventitial VSMC progenitor cells at 8, 14, and 28 days post carotid artery denudation injury in c-myb(h/h) arteries. c-myb(h/h) cKit(+)CD34(-)Flk1(-)Sca1(+)CD45(-)Lin(-) cells failed to proliferate, suggesting that c-myb regulates the activation of specific Sca1(+) progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro. Although expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 did not vary between wild-type and c-myb(h/h) carotid arteries, in vitro differentiation of c-myb(h/h) Sca1(+) cells manifested defective transforming growth factor-β1-induced VSMC differentiation. This is mediated by reduced transcriptional activation of myocardin because chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed c-Myb binding to the myocardin promoter only during differentiation of Sca1(+) cells, myocardin promoter mutagenesis identified 2 specific c-Myb-responsive binding sites, and adenovirus-mediated expression of myocardin rescued the phenotype of c-myb(h/h) progenitors. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for c-Myb in the regulation of VSMC progenitor cells and provide novel insight into how c-myb regulates VSMC differentiation through myocardin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Shikatani
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Chandy
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric C Li
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar El-Mounayri
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., A.M., O.E.-M., C.S.R., M.H.); and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (E.A.S., M.C., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.A.S., R.B., C.S.R., M.H.), Department of Immunology (C.C.L., C.S.R.), and Department of Medicine (M.C., M.H.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang X, Gao M, Schouteden S, Roebroek A, Eggermont K, van Veldhoven PP, Liu G, Peters T, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Verfaillie CM, Feng Y. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells directly contribute to arteriosclerotic progression via integrin β2. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1230-40. [PMID: 25546260 PMCID: PMC4409030 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies described the association between hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion in the bone marrow (BM), leukocytosis in the peripheral blood, and accelerated atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that circulating HSPC may home to inflamed vessels, where they might contribute to inflammation and neointima formation. We demonstrated that Lin− Sca-1+ cKit+ (LSK cells) in BM and peripheral blood of LDLr−/− mice on high fat diet expressed significantly more integrin β2, which was responsible for LSK cell adhesion and migration toward ICAM-1 in vitro, and homing to injured arteries in vivo, all of which were blocked with an anti-CD18 blocking antibody. When homed LSK cells were isolated from ligated artery and injected to irradiated recipients, they resulted in BM reconstitution. Injection of CD18+/+ LSK cells to immunodeficient Balb/C Rag2− γC−/− recipients resulted in more severe inflammation and reinforced neointima formation in the ligated carotid artery, compared to mice injected with PBS and CD18−/− LSK cells. Hypercholesterolemia stimulated ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in LSK cells of LDLr−/− mice in vivo. Blockade of pERK reduced ARF1 expression, leading to decreased integrin β2 function on HSPC. In addition, integrin β2 function could be regulated via ERK-independent LRP1 pathway. Integrin β2 expression on HSPC is regulated by hypercholesterolemia, specifically LDL, in pERK-dependent and -independent manners, leading to increased homing and localization of HSPC to injured arteries, which is highly correlated with arteriosclerosis. Stem Cells2015;33:1230–1240
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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33
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Wu J, Montaniel KRC, Saleh MA, Xiao L, Chen W, Owens GK, Humphrey JD, Majesky MW, Paik DT, Hatzopoulos AK, Madhur MS, Harrison DG. Origin of Matrix-Producing Cells That Contribute to Aortic Fibrosis in Hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 67:461-8. [PMID: 26693821 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various hypertensive stimuli lead to exuberant adventitial collagen deposition in large arteries, exacerbating blood pressure elevation and end-organ damage. Collagen production is generally attributed to resident fibroblasts; however, other cells, including resident and bone marrow-derived stem cell antigen positive (Sca-1(+)) cells and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, can produce collagen and contribute to vascular stiffening. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, we found that adventitial Sca-1(+) progenitor cells begin to produce collagen and acquire a fibroblast-like phenotype in hypertension. We also found that bone marrow-derived cells represent more than half of the matrix-producing cells in hypertension, and that one-third of these are Sca-1(+). Cell sorting and lineage-tracing studies showed that cells of endothelial origin contribute to no more than one fourth of adventitial collagen I(+) cells, whereas those of vascular smooth muscle lineage do not contribute. Our findings indicate that Sca-1(+) progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived infiltrating fibrocytes are major sources of arterial fibrosis in hypertension. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition likely also contributes, albeit to a lesser extent and pre-existing resident fibroblasts represent a minority of aortic collagen-producing cells in hypertension. This study shows that vascular stiffening represents a complex process involving recruitment and transformation of multiple cells types that ultimately elaborate adventitial extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Kim Ramil C Montaniel
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Liang Xiao
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Wei Chen
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Gary K Owens
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Mark W Majesky
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - David T Paik
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Meena S Madhur
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.W., K.R.C.M., M.A.S., L.X., W.C., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.R.C.M., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.T.P., A.K.H.), and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (D.T.P., A.K.H.), School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (M.A.S.); Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle.
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Abstract
The vasculature plays an indispensible role in organ development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, such that disturbances to it impact greatly on developmental and postnatal health. Although cell turnover in healthy blood vessels is low, it increases considerably under pathological conditions. The principle sources for this phenomenon have long been considered to be the recruitment of cells from the peripheral circulation and the re-entry of mature cells in the vessel wall back into cell cycle. However, recent discoveries have also uncovered the presence of a range of multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitor cells in the mural layers of postnatal blood vessels, possessing high proliferative capacity and potential to generate endothelial, smooth muscle, hematopoietic or mesenchymal cell progeny. In particular, the tunica adventitia has emerged as a progenitor-rich compartment with niche-like characteristics that support and regulate vascular wall progenitor cells. Preliminary data indicate the involvement of some of these vascular wall progenitor cells in vascular disease states, adding weight to the notion that the adventitia is integral to vascular wall pathogenesis, and raising potential implications for clinical therapies. This review discusses the current body of evidence for the existence of vascular wall progenitor cell subpopulations from development to adulthood and addresses the gains made and significant challenges that lie ahead in trying to accurately delineate their identities, origins, regulatory pathways, and relevance to normal vascular structure and function, as well as disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine (R.D.S.)
| | - Robert D Simari
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine (R.D.S.).
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Wang G, Jacquet L, Karamariti E, Xu Q. Origin and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Physiol 2015; 593:3013-30. [PMID: 25952975 PMCID: PMC4532522 DOI: 10.1113/jp270033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), a major structural component of the vessel wall, not only play a key role in maintaining vascular structure but also perform various functions. During embryogenesis, SMC recruitment from their progenitors is an important step in the formation of the embryonic vascular system. SMCs in the arterial wall are mostly quiescent but can display a contractile phenotype in adults. Under pathophysiological conditions, i.e. vascular remodelling after endothelial dysfunction or damage, contractile SMCs found in the media switch to a secretory type, which will facilitate their ability to migrate to the intima and proliferate to contribute to neointimal lesions. However, recent evidence suggests that the mobilization and recruitment of abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are largely responsible for SMC accumulation in the intima during vascular remodelling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control SMC differentiation from vascular progenitors is essential for exploring therapeutic targets for potential clinical applications. In this article, we review the origin and differentiation of SMCs from stem/progenitor cells during cardiovascular development and in the adult, highlighting the environmental cues and signalling pathways that control phenotypic modulation within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Laureen Jacquet
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Eirini Karamariti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
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Macrophages and immune cells in atherosclerosis: recent advances and novel concepts. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:34. [PMID: 25947006 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesion-related thrombosis is the major cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, which together constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The inflammatory response is considered as a predominant driving force in atherosclerotic plaque formation, growth and progression towards instability and rupture. Notably, accumulation of macrophages in the intima and emergence of a pro-inflammatory milieu are a characteristic feature of plaque progression, and these processes can be modulated by adaptive immune responses. Recently, novel evidences of onsite proliferation of macrophages in lesions and transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells to macrophages have challenged the prevalent paradigm that macrophage accumulation mostly relies on recruitment of circulating monocytes to plaques. Furthermore, previously unrecognized roles of inflammatory cell subsets such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, innate response activator B cells or CD8(+) T cells in atherosclerosis have emerged, as well as novel mechanisms by which regulatory T cells or natural killer T cells contribute to lesion formation. Here, we review and discuss these recent advances in our understanding of inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis.
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Meng S, Fang P, Yang X, Wang H. Monocytes and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Monocytes and their descendant macrophages are essential to the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven inflammatory disease. Lipid-laden macrophages, known as foam cells, reside in early lesions and advanced atheromata. Our understanding of how monocytes accumulate in the growing lesion, differentiate, ingest lipids, and contribute to disease has advanced substantially over the last several years. These cells' remarkable phenotypic and functional complexity is a therapeutic opportunity: in the future, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and its complications may involve specific targeting of atherogenic monocytes/macrophages and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.).
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.)
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.).
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Mellak S, Ait-Oufella H, Esposito B, Loyer X, Poirier M, Tedder TF, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Potteaux S. Angiotensin II mobilizes spleen monocytes to promote the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm in Apoe-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:378-88. [PMID: 25524776 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is widespread among elderly people and results in progressive expansion and rupture of the aorta with high mortality. Macrophages, which are the main population observed within the site of aneurysm, are thought to derive from circulating monocytes although no direct evidence has been provided to date. In this study, we were particularly interested in understanding the trafficking behavior of monocyte subsets in AAA and their role in disease pathogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using bone marrow transplantation in Apoe(-/-) mice, we showed that circulating monocytes give rise to abdominal aortic macrophages in hypercholesterolemic mice submitted to angiotensin II (AngII). Detailed monitoring of monocyte compartmentalization revealed that lymphocyte antigen 6C(high) and lymphocyte antigen 6C(low) monocytes transiently increase in blood early after AngII infusion and differentially infiltrate the abdominal aorta. The splenic reservoir accounted for the mobilization of the 2 monocyte subsets after 3 days of AngII infusion. Spleen removal or lymphocyte deficiency in Apoe(-/-) Rag2(-/-) mice similarly impaired early monocyte increase in blood in response to AngII and protected against AAA development, independently of blood pressure. Reconstitution of Apoe(-/-) Rag2(-/-) mice with total splenocytes but not with B-cell-depleted splenocytes restored monocyte mobilization in response to AngII and enhanced susceptibility to AAA. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data show that lymphocyte antigen 6C(high) and lymphocyte antigen 6C(low) monocytes are mobilized from the spleen in response to AngII. Intriguingly, the process is dependent on the presence of B cells and significantly contributes to the development of AAA and the occurrence of aortic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Mellak
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Bruno Esposito
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Xavier Loyer
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Maxime Poirier
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Thomas F Tedder
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Stéphane Potteaux
- From the INSERM Unit UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.M., H.A.-O., B.E., X.L., M.P., A.T., Z.M., S.P.); Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.); Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.F.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.).
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Collin J, Gössl M, Matsuo Y, Cilluffo RR, Flammer AJ, Loeffler D, Lennon RJ, Simari RD, Spoon DB, Erbel R, Lerman LO, Khosla S, Lerman A. Osteogenic monocytes within the coronary circulation and their association with plaque vulnerability in patients with early atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 181:57-64. [PMID: 25482280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tests the hypothesis that circulating mononuclear cells expressing osteocalcin (OCN) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) are associated with distinct plaque tissue components in patients with early coronary atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Plaque characteristics implying vulnerability develop at the earliest stage of coronary atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence indicates that cells from the myeloid lineage might serve as important mediators of destabilization. Plaque burden and its components were assessed regarding their relationship to monocytes carrying both pro-inflammatory (CD14) and osteogenic surface markers OCN and BAP. METHODS Twenty-three patients with angiographically non-obstructive coronary artery disease underwent coronary endothelial function assessment and virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound of the left coronary artery. Plaque composition was characterized in the total segment (TS) and in the target lesion (TL) containing the highest amount of plaque burden. Blood samples were collected simultaneously from the aorta and the coronary sinus. Circulating cell counts were then identified from each sample and a gradient across the coronary circulation was determined. RESULTS Circulating CD14+/BAP+/OCN+ monocytes correlate with the extent of necrotic core and calcification (r=0.53, p=0.010; r=0.55, p=0.006, respectively). Importantly, coronary retention of CD14+/OCN+ cells also correlates with the amount of necrotic core and calcification (r=0.61, p=0.003; r=0.61, p=0.003) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study links CD14+/BAP+/OCN+ monocytes to the pathologic remodeling of the coronary circulation and therefore associates these cells with plaque destabilization in patients with early coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Collin
- Department of Cardiology, West-German Heart-Center - University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mario Gössl
- Department of Cardiology, Dean Clinic - Dean St. Mary's Outpatient Hospital Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yoshiki Matsuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Rebecca R Cilluffo
- Divison of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andreas J Flammer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darrell Loeffler
- Divison of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan J Lennon
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert D Simari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Daniel B Spoon
- Divison of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, West-German Heart-Center - University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Divison of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Murine abdominal aortic aneurysm model by orthotopic allograft transplantation of elastase-treated abdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg 2014; 62:1607-14.e2. [PMID: 24974783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Murine models have proved instrumental in studying various aspects of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), from identification of underlying pathophysiologic changes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we describe a new model in which an elastase-treated donor aorta is transplanted to a recipient mouse and allowed to progress to aneurysm. We hypothesized that by transplanting an elastase-treated abdominal aorta of one genotype to a recipient mouse of a different genotype, one can differentiate pathophysiologic factors that are intrinsic to the aortic wall from those stemming from circulation and other organs. METHODS Elastase-treated aorta was transplanted to the infrarenal abdominal aorta of recipient mice by end-to-side microsurgical anastomosis. Heat-inactivated elastase-treated aorta was used as a control. Syngeneic transplants were performed with use of 12-week-old C57BL/6 littermates. Transplant grafts were harvested from recipient mice on day 7 or day 14 after surgery. The aneurysm outcome was measured by aortic expansion, elastin degradation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration and compared with that produced with the established, conventional elastase infusion model. RESULTS The surgical technique success rate was 75.6%, and the 14-day survival rate was 51.1%. By day 14 after surgery, all of the elastase-treated transplanted abdominal aortas had dilated and progressed to AAAs, defined as 100% or more increase in the maximal external diameter compared with that measured before elastase perfusion, whereas none of the transplanted aortas pretreated with inactive elastase became aneurysmal (percentage increase in maximum aortic diameter: 159.36% ± 23.27%, transplanted elastase, vs 41.46% ± 9.34%, transplanted inactive elastase). Aneurysm parameters, including elastin degradation and infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes, were found to be identical to those observed in the conventional elastase model. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed similarly increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (relative changes of mRNA in the conventional elastase model vs transplant model: tumor necrosis factor α, 1.71 ± 0.27 vs 2.93 ± 0.86; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 2.36 ± 0.58 vs 2.87 ± 0.51; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, 3.37 ± 0.92 vs 3.46 ± 0.83; and interferon γ, 3.09 ± 0.83 vs 5.30 ± 1.69). Using green fluorescent protein transgenic mice as donors or recipients, we demonstrated that a small quantity of mononuclear leukocytes in the transplant grafts bared the genotype of the donors. CONCLUSIONS Transplanted elastase-treated abdominal aorta could develop to aneurysm in recipient mice. This AAA transplant model can be used to examine how the microenvironment of a transplanted aneurysmal aorta may be altered by the contributions of the "global" environment of the recipient.
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Psaltis PJ, Puranik AS, Spoon DB, Chue CD, Hoffman SJ, Witt TA, Delacroix S, Kleppe LS, Mueske CS, Pan S, Gulati R, Simari RD. Characterization of a resident population of adventitial macrophage progenitor cells in postnatal vasculature. Circ Res 2014; 115:364-75. [PMID: 24906644 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophages regulate blood vessel structure and function in health and disease. The origins of tissue macrophages are diverse, with evidence for local production and circulatory renewal. OBJECTIVE We identified a vascular adventitial population containing macrophage progenitor cells and investigated their origins and fate. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell disaggregates from adult C57BL/6 mice were prepared from different tissues and tested for their capacity to form hematopoietic colony-forming units. Aorta showed a unique predilection for generating macrophage colony-forming units. Aortic macrophage colony-forming unit progenitors coexpressed stem cell antigen-1 and CD45 and were adventitially located, where they were the predominant source of proliferating cells in the aortic wall. Aortic Sca-1(+)CD45(+) cells were transcriptionally and phenotypically distinct from neighboring cells lacking stem cell antigen-1 or CD45 and contained a proliferative (Ki67(+)) Lin(-)c-Kit(+)CD135(-)CD115(+)CX3CR1(+)Ly6C(+)CD11b(-) subpopulation, consistent with the immunophenotypic profile of macrophage progenitors. Adoptive transfer studies revealed that Sca-1(+)CD45(+) adventitial macrophage progenitor cells were not replenished via the circulation from bone marrow or spleen, nor was their prevalence diminished by depletion of monocytes or macrophages by liposomal clodronate treatment or genetic deficiency of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Rather adventitial macrophage progenitor cells were upregulated in hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) and LDL-R(-/-) mice, with adventitial transfer experiments demonstrating their durable contribution to macrophage progeny particularly in the adventitia, and to a lesser extent the atheroma, of atherosclerotic carotid arteries. CONCLUSIONS The discovery and characterization of resident vascular adventitial macrophage progenitor cells provides new insight into adventitial biology and its participation in atherosclerosis and provokes consideration of the broader existence of local macrophage progenitors in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Amrutesh S Puranik
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Daniel B Spoon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Colin D Chue
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Scott J Hoffman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Tyra A Witt
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Sinny Delacroix
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Laurel S Kleppe
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Cheryl S Mueske
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Shuchong Pan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Rajiv Gulati
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S)
| | - Robert D Simari
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.J.P., A.S.P., D.B.S., C.D.C., S.J.H., T.A.W., S.D., L.S.K., C.S.M., S.P., R.G., R.D.S.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P., S.D.); and Kansas University Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City (R.D.S).
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Lang JK, Cimato TR. Cholesterol and hematopoietic stem cells: inflammatory mediators of atherosclerosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:549-52. [PMID: 24646491 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis causing heart attack and stroke is the leading cause of death in the modern world. Therapy for end-stage atherosclerotic disease using CD34(+) hematopoietic cells has shown promise in human clinical trials, and the in vivo function of hematopoietic and progenitor cells in atherogenesis is becoming apparent. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol is a modifiable risk factor in atherosclerosis, but in many patients cholesterol levels are only mildly elevated. Those with high cholesterol levels often have elevated circulating monocyte and neutrophil counts. How cholesterol affects inflammatory cell levels was not well understood. Recent findings have provided new insight into the interaction among hematopoietic stem cells, cholesterol, and atherosclerosis. In mice, high cholesterol levels or inactivation of cholesterol efflux transporters have multiple effects on hematopoietic stem cells (HSPCs), including promoting their mobilization into the bloodstream, increasing proliferation, and differentiating HSPCs to the inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils that participate in atherosclerosis. Increased levels of interleukin-23 (IL-23) stimulate IL-17 production, resulting in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion, which subsequently leads to HSPC release into the bloodstream. Collectively, these findings clearly link elevated cholesterol levels to increased circulating HSPC levels and differentiation to inflammatory cells that participate in atherosclerosis. Seminal questions remain to be answered to understand how cholesterol affects HSPC-mobilizing cytokines and the role they play in atherosclerosis. Translation of findings in animal models to human subjects may include HSPCs as new targets for therapy to prevent or regress atherosclerosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Lin Y, Yoder MC, Yoshimoto M. Lymphoid progenitor emergence in the murine embryo and yolk sac precedes stem cell detection. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1168-77. [PMID: 24417306 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryos produce several waves of hematopoietic cells before the establishment of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) hierarchy. These early waves of embryonic hematopoiesis present a reversed hierarchy in which hematopoietic potential is first displayed by highly specialized cells that are derived from transient uni- and bipotent progenitor cells. Hematopoiesis progresses through multilineage erythro-myeloid progenitor cells that lack self-renewal potential and, subsequently, to make distinct lymphoid progenitor cells before culminating in detectable definitive HSC. This review provides an overview of the stepwise development of embryonic hematopoiesis. We focus on recent progress in demonstrating that lymphoid lineages emerge from hemogenic endothelial cells before the presence of definitive HSC activity and discuss the implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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From proliferation to proliferation: monocyte lineage comes full circle. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:137-48. [PMID: 24435095 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are mononuclear circulating phagocytes that originate in the bone marrow and give rise to macrophages in peripheral tissue. For decades, our understanding of monocyte lineage was bound to a stepwise model that favored an inverse relationship between cellular proliferation and differentiation. Sophisticated molecular and surgical cell tracking tools have transformed our thinking about monocyte topo-ontogeny and function. Here, we discuss how recent studies focusing on progenitor proliferation and differentiation, monocyte mobilization and recruitment, and macrophage differentiation and proliferation are reshaping knowledge of monocyte lineage in steady state and disease.
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Li F, Downing BD, Smiley LC, Mund JA, Distasi MR, Bessler WK, Sarchet KN, Hinds DM, Kamendulis LM, Hingtgen CM, Case J, Clapp DW, Conway SJ, Stansfield BK, Ingram DA. Neurofibromin-deficient myeloid cells are critical mediators of aneurysm formation in vivo. Circulation 2013; 129:1213-24. [PMID: 24370551 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene. Neurofibromin, the protein product of NF1, functions as a negative regulator of Ras activity in circulating hematopoietic and vascular wall cells, which are critical for maintaining vessel wall homeostasis. NF1 patients have evidence of chronic inflammation resulting in the development of premature cardiovascular disease, including arterial aneurysms, which may manifest as sudden death. However, the molecular pathogenesis of NF1 aneurysm formation is unknown. METHOD AND RESULTS With the use of an angiotensin II-induced aneurysm model, we demonstrate that heterozygous inactivation of Nf1 (Nf1(+/-)) enhanced aneurysm formation with myeloid cell infiltration and increased oxidative stress in the vessel wall. Using lineage-restricted transgenic mice, we show that loss of a single Nf1 allele in myeloid cells is sufficient to recapitulate the Nf1(+/-) aneurysm phenotype in vivo. Finally, oral administration of simvastatin or the antioxidant apocynin reduced aneurysm formation in Nf1(+/-) mice. CONCLUSION These data provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that Nf1(+/-) myeloid cells are the cellular triggers for aneurysm formation in a novel model of NF1 vasculopathy and provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pediatrics (F.L., B.D.D., L.C.S., J.A.M., M.R.D., W.K.B., K.N.S., D.M.H., J.C., D.W.C., S.J.C., B.K.S., D.A.I.), Wells Center for Pediatric Research (F.L., B.D.D., L.C.S., J.A.M., M.R.D., W.K.B., K.N.S., D.M.H., J.C., D.W.C., S.J.C., B.K.S., D.A.I.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.D.D., D.W.C., S.J.C., D.A.I.), Microbiology and Immunology (M.R.D.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.K.), and Neurology (C.M.H.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Hox genes are involved in vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cell differentiation into smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2178. [PMID: 24145756 PMCID: PMC3804857 DOI: 10.1038/srep02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vascular wall-resident CD44+ multipotent stem cells (VW-MPSCs) within the vascular adventitia are capable to differentiate into pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMC). This study demonstrates HOX-dependent differentiation of CD44(+) VW-MPSCs into SMC that involves epigenetic modification of transgelin as a down-stream regulated gene. First, HOXB7, HOXC6 and HOXC8 were identified to be differentially expressed in VW-MPSCs as compared to terminal differentiated human aortic SMC, endothelial cells and undifferentiated pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Silencing these HOX genes in VW-MPSCs significantly reduced their sprouting capacity and increased expression of the SMC markers transgelin and calponin and the histone gene histone H1. Furthermore, the methylation pattern of the TAGLN promoter was altered. In summary, our findings suggest a role for certain HOX genes in regulating differentiation of human VW-MPSC into SMCs that involves epigenetic mechanisms. This is critical for understanding VW-MPSC-dependent vascular disease processes such as neointima formation and tumor vascularization.
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