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Hajiqasemi M, Ebrahimzade M, Ghelichkhan ZA, Huang X, Morkos D, Jennings D, Talasaz AH. Ivabradine Approved and Other Uses in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 84:276-288. [PMID: 39027978 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Heart rate (HR) stands as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease and a modifiable risk factor in heart failure (HF). Medication intolerance can curtail the application of conventional HR-lowering β-blockers to the optimum target dose. Ivabradine (IVA), a specific negative-chronotropic agent, selectively inhibits I f current in pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node without depressing myocardial contractility or comprising hemodynamics. This review summarized ivabradine's clinical labeled and off-label uses and mechanism of action focusing on the clinical outcomes. PubMed was searched up to January 2024 using the main keywords of IVA, coronary artery disease (CAD), HF, postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and tachyarrhythmia. To comprehensively review IVA's clinical indications, mechanisms, and therapeutic effects, all studies investigating treatment with IVA in humans were included, comprising different types of studies such as randomized controlled trials and longitudinal prospective observational studies. After screening, 141 studies were included in our review. A large number of reviewed articles were allocated to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and CAD, suggesting IVA as an alternative to β-blockers in case of contraindications or intolerance. The beneficial effects of IVA as premedication for coronary computed tomography angiography, HR lowering in POTS, and inappropriate sinus tachycardia constituted most studies among off-label uses. The promising results have been reported on the efficacy of IVA in controlling HR, especially in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia or POTS. Owing to the unique mechanism of action, IVA has the potential to be used more frequently in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xena Huang
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Long Island University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Demyana Morkos
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Long Island University, New York, NY
| | - Douglas Jennings
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Long Island University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Azita H Talasaz
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Long Island University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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2
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Iness AN, Shah KM, Kukreja RC. Physiological effects of ivabradine in heart failure and beyond. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:2405-2414. [PMID: 37768496 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ivabradine is a pharmacologic agent that inhibits the funny current responsible for determining heart rate in the sinoatrial node. Ivabradine's clinical potential has been investigated in the context of heart failure since it is associated with reduced myocardial oxygen demand, enhanced diastolic filling, stroke volume, and coronary perfusion time; however, it is yet to demonstrate definitive mortality benefit. Alternative effects of ivabradine include modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic activation, and endothelial function. Here, we review key clinical trials informing the clinical use of ivabradine and explore opportunities for leveraging its potential pleiotropic effects in other diseases, including treatment of hyperadrenergic states and mitigating complications of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra N Iness
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur M Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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3
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Li H, Wang DW, Chen C. Insights into the post-translational modifications in heart failure. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102467. [PMID: 39187021 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), as the terminal manifestation of multiple cardiovascular diseases, causes a huge socioeconomic burden worldwide. Despite the advances in drugs and medical-assisted devices, the prognosis of HF remains poor. HF is well-accepted as a myriad of subcellular dys-synchrony related to detrimental structural and functional remodelling of cardiac components, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages. Through the covalent chemical process, post-translational modifications (PTMs) can coordinate protein functions, such as re-localizing cellular proteins, marking proteins for degradation, inducing interactions with other proteins and tuning enzyme activities, to participate in the progress of HF. Phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination predominate in the currently reported PTMs. In addition, advanced HF is commonly accompanied by metabolic remodelling including enhanced glycolysis. Thus, glycosylation induced by disturbed energy supply is also important. In this review, firstly, we addressed the main types of HF. Then, considering that PTMs are associated with subcellular locations, we summarized the leading regulation mechanisms in organelles of distinctive cell types of different types of HF, respectively. Subsequently, we outlined the aforementioned four PTMs of key proteins and signaling sites in HF. Finally, we discussed the perspectives of PTMs for potential therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.
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4
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Matsumoto S, Henderson AD, Shen L, Kondo T, Yang M, Campbell RT, Anand IS, de Boer RA, Desai AS, Lam CSP, Maggioni AP, Martinez FA, Packer M, Redfield MM, Rouleau JL, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Vaduganathan M, Zannad F, Zile MR, Jhund PS, Solomon SD, McMurray JJV. Beta-blocker use and outcomes in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 39215677 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS In the absence of randomized trial evidence, we performed a large observational analysis of the association between beta-blocker (BB) use and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and mildly reduced (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). METHODS AND RESULTS We pooled individual patient data from four large HFmrEF/HFpEF trials (I-Preserve, TOPCAT, PARAGON-HF, and DELIVER). The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Among the 16 951 patients included, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 56.8%, and 13 400 (79.1%) had HFpEF (LVEF ≥50%). Overall, 12 812 patients (75.6%) received a BB. The median bisoprolol-equivalent dose of BB was 5.0 (Q1-Q3: 2.5-5.0) mg with BB continuation rates of 93.1% at 2 years (in survivors). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the primary outcome did not differ between BB users and non-users (HR 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-1.05), but the adjusted HR was lower in BB users than non-users (0.81, 95% CI 0.74-0.88), and this association was maintained across LVEF (pinteraction = 0.88). In subgroup analyses, the adjusted risk of the primary outcome was similar in BB users and non-users with or without a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, or a baseline heart rate <70 bpm. By contrast, a better outcome with BB use was seen in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to those without atrial fibrillation (pintreraction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this observational analysis of non-randomized BB treatment, there was no suggestion that BB use was associated with worse HF outcomes in HFmrEF/HFpEF, even after extensive adjustment for other prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsumoto
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alasdair D Henderson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Li Shen
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Toru Kondo
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mingming Yang
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ross T Campbell
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Inder S Anand
- VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- ANMCO Research Center-Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jean L Rouleau
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QB, Canada
| | - Dirk J Van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433 and Inserm U1116, CHRU, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Michael R Zile
- Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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5
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Kim YI, Ahn MS, Yoo BS, Kim JY, Son JW, Park YJ, Kim SH, Kang DR, Lee HY, Kang SM, Cho MC. Differences in the Effects of Beta-Blockers Depending on Heart Rate at Discharge in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2024; 6:119-126. [PMID: 39081646 PMCID: PMC11284333 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Beta-blockers (BBs) improve prognosis in heart failure (HF), which is mediated by lowering heart rate (HR). However, HR has no prognostic implication in atrial fibrillation (AF) and also BBs have not been shown to improve prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with AF. This study assessed the prognostic implication of BB in HFpEF with AF according to discharge HR. Methods From the Korean Acute Heart Failure Registry, 687 patients with HFpEF and AF were selected. Study subjects were divided into 4 groups based on 75 beats per minute (bpm) of HR at discharge and whether or not they were treated with BB at discharge. Results Of the 687 patients with HFpEF and AF, 128 (36.1%) were in low HR group and 121 (36.4%) were in high HR group among those treated with BB at discharge. In high HR group, HR at discharge was significantly faster in BB non-users (85.5±9.1 bpm vs. 89.2±12.5 bpm, p=0.005). In the Cox model, BB did not improve 60-day rehospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.35-2.47) or mortality (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.22-2.74) in low HR group. However, in high HR group, BB treatment at discharge was associated with 82% reduced 60-day HF rehospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04-0.81), but not with mortality (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.20-2.98). Conclusions In HFpEF with AF, in patients with HR over 75 bpm at discharge, BB treatment at discharge was associated with a reduced 60-day rehospitalization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young In Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Young Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Kim
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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6
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Kawasaki S, Sakai Y, Harasawa S, Inatsu A, Kubota Y, Hirama A, Kashiwagi T, Iwabu M. The efficacy and safety of ivabradine hydrochloride in hemodialysis patients with chronic heart failure. Ther Apher Dial 2024; 28:354-363. [PMID: 38199237 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is little evidence for ivabradine hydrochloride in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS In this open-label prospective interventional trial of hemodialysis patients with chronic heart failure, during 12 weeks of treatment, changes in Heart rate (HR), frequency of dialysis-related hypotension were examined, and we investigated health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and adverse effects. RESULTS 18 patients from 6 facilities were enrolled in the study. HR significantly decreased over time, from 87 ± 12.61/min at baseline to 75.85 ± 8.91/min (p = 0.0003), and systolic blood pressure also increased significantly (p < 0.0001). The frequency of dialysis-related hypotension was markedly reduced (p = 0.0001). The HR-QOL survey showed significant improvements in Social Functioning among others (p = 0.0178). No specific adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Ivabradine hydrochloride improved dialysis-related hypotension. Furthermore, the HR-QOL improvement effect were suggested. These results demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of ivabradine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Kawasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Akihabara Kidney Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
- Ayase-ekimae Kidney Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinao Sakai
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Hirama
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Kidney Clinic of Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kashiwagi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Packer M. The Ideal Heart Rate for Heart Failure and Ejection Fraction > 40%: Both Myth and Magic? J Card Fail 2024; 30:863-865. [PMID: 38447636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA; Imperial College, London, UK.
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8
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Oraii A, Chaumont C, Marchlinski FE, Hyman MC. Rate-adaptive pacing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Too much of a good thing? Heart Rhythm O2 2024; 5:334-337. [PMID: 38840761 PMCID: PMC11148503 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Oraii
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corentin Chaumont
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francis E. Marchlinski
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C. Hyman
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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9
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Hiraiwa H, Okumura T, Murohara T. Drug Therapy for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction with Hypertension: A State-of-the-Art Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2024; 24:343-369. [PMID: 38575813 PMCID: PMC11093799 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-024-00641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive state-of-the-art review, we provide an evidence-based analysis of current drug therapies for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the acute and chronic phases with concurrent hypertension. Additionally, we explore the latest developments and emerging evidence on the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of common and novel drug treatments in the management of HFpEF with concurrent hypertension. During the acute phase of HFpEF, intravenous diuretics, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and vasodilators are pivotal, while in the chronic phase, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have proven effective in enhancing clinical outcomes. However, the use of calcium channel blockers in HFpEF with hypertension should be approached with caution, owing to their potential negative inotropic effects. We also explored emerging drug therapies for HFpEF, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators, novel MRAs, and ivabradine. Notably, SGLT2 inhibitors have shown promise in reducing heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HFpEF, regardless of their diabetic status. Additionally, ARNI and sGC stimulators have demonstrated potential in improving symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life. Nonetheless, additional research is necessary to pinpoint optimal treatment strategies for HFpEF with concurrent hypertension. Furthermore, long-term studies are essential to assess the durability and sustained benefits of emerging drug therapies. Identification of novel targets and mechanisms underlying HFpEF pathophysiology will pave the way for innovative drug development approaches in the management of HFpEF with concurrent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hiraiwa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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10
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Infeld M. Accelerated physiologic pacing in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: An argument in support of therapeutic heart rate modulation. Heart Rhythm O2 2024; 5:327-333. [PMID: 38840759 PMCID: PMC11148487 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Infeld
- Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Peikert A, Bart BA, Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Kulac IJ, Kosiborod MN, Desai AS, Jhund PS, Lam CSP, Inzucchi SE, Martinez FA, de Boer RA, Hernandez AF, Shah SJ, Petersson M, Langkilde AM, McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Vardeny O. Contemporary Use and Implications of Beta-Blockers in Patients With HFmrEF or HFpEF: The DELIVER Trial. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:631-644. [PMID: 37767674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although beta-blockers are not recommended for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) according to the latest European Society of Cardiology and American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America guidelines, these therapies remain commonly used for comorbidity management. There has been concern that beta-blockers may adversely influence clinical outcomes by limiting chronotropic response in HFpEF. OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the contemporary use and implications of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) or HFpEF. METHODS In the DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure) trial, a total of 6,263 patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40% were randomized to dapagliflozin or placebo across 20 countries. In this prespecified analysis, efficacy and safety outcomes were examined according to beta-blocker use at randomization. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death or worsening HF. RESULTS Overall, beta-blockers were used in 5,177 patients (83%), with wide variation by geographic region. Beta-blocker use was associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome in covariate-adjusted models (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.60-0.83). Dapagliflozin consistently reduced the risk of the primary outcome in patients taking beta-blockers (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72-0.94) and in patients not taking beta-blockers (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.61-1.03; Pinteraction = 0.85), with similar findings for key secondary endpoints. Adverse events were balanced between patients randomized to dapagliflozin and placebo, regardless of background beta-blocker use. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HFmrEF or HFpEF who were enrolled in DELIVER, 4 out of 5 participants were treated with a beta-blocker. Beta-blocker use was not associated with a higher risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. Dapagliflozin consistently and safely reduced clinical events, irrespective of background beta-blocker use. (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure [DELIVER]; NCT03619213).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Peikert
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley A Bart
- Minneapolis VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian J Kulac
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Magnus Petersson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Langkilde
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John J V McMurray
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Orly Vardeny
- Minneapolis VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Liu D, Cui X, Xu Y, Xu L, Xie Z, Yuan S, Wang P, Wang Y, Qian S, Gong H, Nordbeck P, Yang J, Zhou J, Ge J, Sun A. Impact of heart rate changes during hospitalization on outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38514992 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The benefits of lowering heart rate (HR) in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients are still a matter of debate. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in HR during hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause death in hospitalized HFpEF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Hospitalized HF patients between January 2017 and December 2021 were consecutively enrolled in a national, multicentred, and prospective registry database, the China Cardiovascular Association Database-HF Center Registry. HF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥50% were defined as HFpEF patients. The study analysed admission/discharge HR, change in HR during hospitalization (∆HR), and ∆HR ratio (∆HR/admission HR). The patients were categorized into three groups: no HR dropping group (ΔHR ratio > 0.0%), moderate HR dropping group (-15% < ΔHR ratio ≤ 0.0%), and excessive HR dropping group (ΔHR ratio ≤ -15%). All patients were followed up for 12 months. The primary endpoint was CV events (CV death or HF rehospitalization). The secondary endpoint was all-cause death. A total of 19 510 HFpEF patients (9750 males, mean age 71.9 ± 12.2 years) were included, with 4575 in the no HR dropping group, 8434 in the moderate HR dropping group, and 6501 in the excessive HR dropping group. Excessive HR dropping during hospitalization was significantly associated with an increased risk of CV events (17.1%) compared with the no HR dropping group (14.5%, P < 0.001) or the moderate HR dropping group (14.0%, P < 0.001), although all-cause mortality was similar among the three groups. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, excessive HR dropping remained an independent predictor of increased CV event risk [hazard ratio 1.197, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.078-1.328]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prognostic impact of excessive HR dropping on increased CV event risk remained in the subgroups of older age, New York Heart Association class IV, ischaemic HF, higher left ventricular ejection fraction, absence of chronic kidney disease, and use of beta-blockers or ivabradine. Independent determinants associated with excessive HR dropping during admission included use of beta-blockers [odds ratio (OR) 1.683, 95% CI 1.558-1.819], lower discharge diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.988, 95% CI 0.985-0.991), no pacemaker (OR 0.501, 95% CI 0.416-0.603), coexisting atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (OR 1.327, 95% CI 1.218-1.445), and use of digoxin (OR 1.340, 95% CI 1.213-1.480). CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized HFpEF patients, excessive HR dropping during hospitalization is associated with an increased risk of CV death or HF rehospitalization. These findings highlight the importance of HR monitoring and avoiding excessively slowing down HR in hospitalized HFpEF patients to reduce the risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yamei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhonglei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiefu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Da Hua Road 1, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Newman JD, O'Meara E, Böhm M, Savarese G, Kelly PR, Vardeny O, Allen LA, Lancellotti P, Gottlieb SS, Samad Z, Morris AA, Desai NR, Rosano GMC, Teerlink JR, Giraldo CS, Lindenfeld J. Implications of Atrial Fibrillation for Guideline-Directed Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:932-950. [PMID: 38418008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common cardiovascular conditions that frequently coexist. Among patients with HF, more than one-half also have AF. Both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the prevalence of each is increasing globally, and this trend is expected to continue owing to an aging population and increased life expectancy. Diagnosis of AF in a patient with HF is associated with greater symptom burden, more frequent hospitalizations, and a worse prognosis. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HF can affect the incidence of AF. Once present, AF can influence the efficacy of some components of GDMT for HF. In this review, we discuss the effect of GDMT for HF across the spectrum of ejection fraction on prevention of AF as well as the benefit of GDMT in patients with vs without AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen O'Meara
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Böhm
- University of the Saarland, Homberg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Orly Vardeny
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry A Allen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Gottlieb
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Nihar R Desai
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giuseppe M C Rosano
- Center for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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14
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Matsumoto S, Kondo T, Yang M, Campbell RT, Docherty KF, de Boer RA, Desai AS, Lam CSP, Packer M, Pitt B, Rouleau JL, Vaduganathan M, Zannad F, Zile MR, Solomon SD, Jhund PS, McMurray JJV. Calcium channel blocker use and outcomes in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:2202-2214. [PMID: 37771260 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with heart failure (HF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are often treated with calcium channel blockers (CCBs), although the safety of CCBs in these patients is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between CCB use and clinical outcomes in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF; CCBs were examined overall, as well as by subtype (dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine). METHODS AND RESULTS We pooled individual patient data from four large HFpEF/HFmrEF trials. The association between CCB use and outcomes was assessed. Among the 16 954 patients included, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 56.8%, and 13 402 (79.0%) had HFpEF (LVEF ≥50%). Altogether, 5874 patients (34.6%) received a CCB (87.6% dihydropyridines). Overall, the risks of death and HF hospitalization were not higher in patients treated with a CCB, particularly dihydropyridines. The risk of pump failure death was significantly lower (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.96), while the risk of stroke was higher (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50) in patients treated with a CCB compared to those not. These risks remained different in patients treated and not treated with a CCB after adjustment for other prognostic variables. Although the majority of patients were treated with dihydropyridine CCBs, the pattern of outcomes was broadly similar for both dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine CCBs. CONCLUSION Although this is an observational analysis of non-randomized treatment, there was no suggestion that CCBs were associated with worse HF outcomes. Indeed, CCB use was associated with a lower incidence of pump failure death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsumoto
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mingming Yang
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ross T Campbell
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kieran F Docherty
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Milton Packer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Zile
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Kondo T, Butt JH, Curtain JP, Jhund PS, Docherty KF, Claggett BL, Vaduganathan M, Bachus E, Hernandez AF, Lam CSP, Inzucchi SE, Martinez FA, de Boer RA, Kosiborod MN, Desai AS, Køber L, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Solomon SD, McMurray JJV. Efficacy of Dapagliflozin According to Heart Rate: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010898. [PMID: 37886880 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although elevated resting heart rate (HR) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm (SR), the relationship between HR and outcomes among patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and in those with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. The aims of this study were to examine the association between baseline HR and outcomes across the range of left ventricular ejection fraction, in patients with and without AF, and evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin according to HR. METHODS A patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure; heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) and DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure trial; heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) trials. The primary outcome of each was the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death. RESULTS Among patients with SR (n=6401, 64%), the rate of the primary outcome was higher in those with higher HR: 16.8 versus 7.7 per 100 person-years for ≥80 bpm versus <60 bpm. The relationship between HR and risk was steeper in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction versus heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. HR was not associated with outcomes in patients in AF for either heart failure phenotype. The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent across the HR range in both SR (Pinteraction=0.28) and AF (Pinteraction=0.56), for example, for SR <60 bpm, hazard ratio for dapagliflozin versus placebo 0.72 (95% CI, 0.55-0.95); 60 to 69 bpm, 0.78 (0.63-0.97); 70 to 79 bpm, 0.73 (0.59-0.91); ≥80 bpm, 0.77 (0.61-0.97). The benefit was consistent across HR range in both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS The risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death increased with increasing baseline HR among patients in SR, but this association was not seen among patients in AF, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across HR range, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction or rhythm. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT03036124 and NCT03619213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kondo
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (T.K., J.H.B., J.P.C., P.S.J., K.F.D., J.J.V.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Jawad H Butt
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (T.K., J.H.B., J.P.C., P.S.J., K.F.D., J.J.V.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark (J.H.B., L.K.)
| | - James P Curtain
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (T.K., J.H.B., J.P.C., P.S.J., K.F.D., J.J.V.M.)
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (T.K., J.H.B., J.P.C., P.S.J., K.F.D., J.J.V.M.)
| | - Kieran F Docherty
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (T.K., J.H.B., J.P.C., P.S.J., K.F.D., J.J.V.M.)
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.L.C., M.V., A.S.D., S.D.S.)
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.L.C., M.V., A.S.D., S.D.S.)
| | - Erasmus Bachus
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (E.B.)
| | | | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.N.K.)
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.L.C., M.V., A.S.D., S.D.S.)
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark (J.H.B., L.K.)
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland (P.P.)
| | - Marc S Sabatine
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.S.S.)
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.L.C., M.V., A.S.D., S.D.S.)
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (T.K., J.H.B., J.P.C., P.S.J., K.F.D., J.J.V.M.)
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16
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Khan ZM, Briere JB, Olewinska E, Khrouf F, Nikodem M. Ivabradine in patients with heart failure: a systematic literature review. JOURNAL OF MARKET ACCESS & HEALTH POLICY 2023; 11:2262073. [PMID: 37808119 PMCID: PMC10552613 DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2023.2262073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Heart failure is a chronic disease linked with significant morbidity and mortality, and uncontrolled resting heart rate is a risk factor for adverse outcomes. This systematic literature review aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of ivabradine in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Methods: We searched electronic databases from their inception to July 2021 to include studies that reported on efficacy, safety, or PROs of ivabradine in patients with HFrEF. Results: Of 1947 records screened, 51 RCTs and 6 observational studies were identified. Ivabradine on top of background therapy demonstrated a significant reduction in composite outcomes including hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death. In addition, observational studies suggested that ivabradine was associated with a significant reduction in mortality. Across all studies, ivabradine use on top of background therapy was associated with greater reductions in heart rate, improved EF, and improved health-related quality of life (QoL) and comparable risk of total adverse events compared to those treated with background therapy alone. Conclusions: Ivabradine on top of background therapy is beneficial for heart rate, hospitalization risk for HF, mortality, EF, and patients' QoL. Moreover, these benefits were achieved with no significant increase in the overall risk of total adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fatma Khrouf
- Health Economics and Outcome Research, Putnam PHMR, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mateusz Nikodem
- Health Economics and Outcome Research, Putnam PHMR, Cracow, Poland
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17
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Desai AS, Lam CSP, McMurray JJV, Redfield MM. How to Manage Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Practical Guidance for Clinicians. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023:S2213-1779(23)00142-7. [PMID: 37140514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%) comprise nearly half of those with chronic heart failure, evidence-based treatment options for this population have historically been limited. Recently, however, emerging data from prospective, randomized trials enrolling patients with HFpEF have greatly altered the range of pharmacologic options to modify disease progression in selected patients with HFpEF. In the context of this evolving landscape, clinicians are increasingly in need of practical guidance regarding the best approach to management of this growing population. In this review, we build on the recently published heart failure guidelines by integrating contemporary data from recent randomized trials to provide a contemporary framework for diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of patients with HFpEF. Where gaps in knowledge persist, we provide "best available" data from post hoc analyses of clinical trials or data from observational studies to guide management until more definitive studies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Reddy YNV, Koepp KE, Carter R, Win S, Jain CC, Olson TP, Johnson BD, Rea R, Redfield MM, Borlaug BA. Rate-Adaptive Atrial Pacing for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The RAPID-HF Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 329:801-809. [PMID: 36871285 PMCID: PMC9986839 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Reduced heart rate during exercise is common and associated with impaired aerobic capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but it remains unknown if restoring exertional heart rate through atrial pacing would be beneficial. Objective To determine if implanting and programming a pacemaker for rate-adaptive atrial pacing would improve exercise performance in patients with HFpEF and chronotropic incompetence. Design, Setting, and Participants Single-center, double-blind, randomized, crossover trial testing the effects of rate-adaptive atrial pacing in patients with symptomatic HFpEF and chronotropic incompetence at a tertiary referral center (Mayo Clinic) in Rochester, Minnesota. Patients were recruited between 2014 and 2022 with 16-week follow-up (last date of follow-up, May 9, 2022). Cardiac output during exercise was measured by the acetylene rebreathe technique. Interventions A total of 32 patients were recruited; of these, 29 underwent pacemaker implantation and were randomized to atrial rate responsive pacing or no pacing first for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period and then crossover for an additional 4 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was oxygen consumption (V̇o2) at anaerobic threshold (V̇o2,AT); secondary end points were peak V̇o2, ventilatory efficiency (V̇e/V̇co2 slope), patient-reported health status by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score (KCCQ-OSS), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. Results Of the 29 patients randomized, the mean age was 66 years (SD, 9.7) and 13 (45%) were women. In the absence of pacing, peak V̇o2 and V̇o2 at anaerobic threshold (V̇o2,AT) were both correlated with peak exercise heart rate (r = 0.46-0.51, P < .02 for both). Pacing increased heart rate during low-level and peak exercise (16/min [95% CI, 10 to 23], P < .001; 14/min [95% CI, 7 to 21], P < .001), but there was no significant change in V̇o2,AT (pacing off, 10.4 [SD, 2.9] mL/kg/min; pacing on, 10.7 [SD, 2.6] mL/kg/min; absolute difference, 0.3 [95% CI, -0.5 to 1.0] mL/kg/min; P = .46), peak V̇o2, minute ventilation (V̇e)/carbon dioxide production (V̇co2) slope, KCCQ-OSS, or NT-proBNP level. Despite the increase in heart rate, atrial pacing had no significant effect on cardiac output with exercise, owing to a decrease in stroke volume (-24 mL [95% CI, -43 to -5 mL]; P = .02). Adverse events judged to be related to the pacemaker device were observed in 6 of 29 participants (21%). Conclusions and Relevance In patients with HFpEF and chronotropic incompetence, implantation of a pacemaker to enhance exercise heart rate did not result in an improvement in exercise capacity and was associated with increased adverse events. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02145351.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh N. V. Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katlyn E. Koepp
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rickey Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Sithu Win
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Thomas P. Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce D. Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Rea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Barry A. Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Infeld M, Wahlberg K, Cicero J, Plante TB, Meagher S, Novelli A, Habel N, Krishnan AM, Silverman DN, LeWinter MM, Lustgarten DL, Meyer M. Effect of Personalized Accelerated Pacing on Quality of Life, Physical Activity, and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Preclinical and Overt Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The myPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:213-221. [PMID: 36723919 PMCID: PMC9996402 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with a pacemaker may benefit from a higher, more physiologic backup heart rate than the nominal 60 beats per minute (bpm) setting. Objective To assess the effects of a moderately accelerated personalized backup heart rate compared with 60 bpm (usual care) in patients with preexisting pacemaker systems that limit pacemaker-mediated dyssynchrony. Design, Setting, and Participants This blinded randomized clinical trial enrolled patients with stage B and C HFpEF from the University of Vermont Medical Center pacemaker clinic between June 2019 and November 2020. Analysis was modified intention to treat. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to personalized accelerated pacing or usual care and were followed up for 1 year. The personalized accelerated pacing heart rate was calculated using a resting heart rate algorithm based on height and modified by ejection fraction. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the serial change in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score. Secondary end points were changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, pacemaker-detected physical activity, atrial fibrillation from baseline, and adverse clinical events. Results Overall, 107 participants were randomly assigned to the personalized accelerated pacing (n = 50) or usual care (n = 57) groups. The median (IQR) age was 75 (69-81) years, and 48 (48%) were female. Over 1-year follow-up, the median (IQR) pacemaker-detected heart rate was 75 (75-80) bpm in the personalized accelerated pacing arm and 65 (63-68) bpm in usual care. MLHFQ scores improved in the personalized accelerated pacing group (median [IQR] baseline MLHFQ score, 26 [8-45]; at 1 month, 15 [2-25]; at 1 year, 9 [4-21]; P < .001) and worsened with usual care (median [IQR] baseline MLHFQ score, 19 [6-42]; at 1 month, 23 [5-39]; at 1 year, 27 [7-52]; P = .03). In addition, personalized accelerated pacing led to improved changes in NT-proBNP levels (mean [SD] decrease of 109 [498] pg/dL vs increase of 128 [537] pg/dL with usual care; P = .02), activity levels (mean [SD], +47 [67] minutes per day vs -22 [35] minutes per day with usual care; P < .001), and device-detected atrial fibrillation (27% relative risk reduction compared with usual care; P = .04) over 1-year of follow-up. Adverse clinical events occurred in 4 patients in the personalized accelerated pacing group and 11 patients in usual care. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, among patients with HFpEF and pacemakers, treatment with a moderately accelerated, personalized pacing rate was safe and improved quality of life, NT-proBNP levels, physical activity, and atrial fibrillation compared with the usual 60 bpm setting. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04721314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Infeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Kramer Wahlberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Jillian Cicero
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Timothy B. Plante
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Sean Meagher
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Novelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Nicole Habel
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Anand Muthu Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Daniel N. Silverman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Martin M. LeWinter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Daniel L. Lustgarten
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Markus Meyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Medicine, Minneapolis
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20
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Kagami K, Harada T, Ishii H, Obokata M. Key Phenotypes of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiol Clin 2022; 40:415-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Voorrips SN, Saucedo-Orozco H, Sánchez-Aguilera PI, De Boer RA, Van der Meer P, Westenbrink BD. Could SGLT2 Inhibitors Improve Exercise Intolerance in Chronic Heart Failure? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8631. [PMID: 35955784 PMCID: PMC9369142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the constant improvement of therapeutical options, heart failure (HF) remains associated with high mortality and morbidity. While new developments in guideline-recommended therapies can prolong survival and postpone HF hospitalizations, impaired exercise capacity remains one of the most debilitating symptoms of HF. Exercise intolerance in HF is multifactorial in origin, as the underlying cardiovascular pathology and reactive changes in skeletal muscle composition and metabolism both contribute. Recently, sodium-related glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were found to improve cardiovascular outcomes significantly. Whilst much effort has been devoted to untangling the mechanisms responsible for these cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, little is known about the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on exercise performance in HF. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible for exercise intolerance in HF, elaborates on the potential SGLT2-inhibitor-mediated effects on these phenomena, and provides an up-to-date overview of existing studies on the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on clinical outcome parameters that are relevant to the assessment of exercise capacity. Finally, current gaps in the evidence and potential future perspectives on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on exercise intolerance in chronic HF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Voorrips
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.S.-O.); (P.I.S.-A.); (R.A.D.B.); (P.V.d.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.S.-O.); (P.I.S.-A.); (R.A.D.B.); (P.V.d.M.)
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22
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Maagaard M, Nielsen EE, Sethi NJ, Liang N, Yang SH, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC. Ivabradine added to usual care in patients with heart failure: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27:224-234. [PMID: 34789473 PMCID: PMC9340018 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of adding ivabradine to usual care in participants with heart failure. DESIGN A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised clinical trials comparing ivabradine and usual care with usual care (with or without) placebo in participants with heart failure. INFORMATION SOURCES Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, CNKI, VIP and other databases and trial registries up until 31 May 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, serious adverse events and quality of life. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and non-serious adverse events. We performed meta-analysis of all outcomes. We used trial sequential analysis to control risks of random errors, the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the risks of systematic errors and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS We included 109 randomised clinical trials with 26 567 participants. Two trials were at low risk of bias, although both trials were sponsored by the company that developed ivabradine. All other trials were at high risk of bias. Meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses showed that we could reject that ivabradine versus control reduced all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR)=0.94; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.01; p=0.09; high certainty of evidence). Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis showed that ivabradine seemed to reduce the risk of serious adverse events (RR=0.90; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94; p<0.00001; number needed to treat (NNT)=26.2; low certainty of evidence). This was primarily due to a decrease in the risk of 'cardiac failure' (RR=0.83; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97; p=0.02; NNT=43.9), 'hospitalisations' (RR=0.89; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94; p<0.0001; NNT=36.4) and 'ventricular tachycardia' (RR=0.59; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.82; p=0.001; NNT=212.8). However, the trials did not describe how these outcomes were defined and assessed during follow-up. Meta-analyses showed that ivabradine increased the risk of atrial fibrillation (RR=1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.35; p=0.008; number needed to harm (NNH)=116.3) and bradycardia (RR=3.95; 95% CI 1.88 to 8.29; p=0.0003; NNH=303). Ivabradine seemed to increase quality of life on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) (mean difference (MD)=2.92; 95% CI 1.34 to 4.50; p=0.0003; low certainty of evidence), but the effect size was small and possibly without relevance to patients, and on the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) (MD=-5.28; 95% CI -6.60 to -3.96; p<0.00001; very low certainty of evidence), but the effects were uncertain. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between ivabradine and control when assessing cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction. Ivabradine seemed to increase the risk of non-serious adverse events. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE High certainty evidence shows that ivabradine does not seem to affect the risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. The effects on quality of life were small and possibly without relevance to patients on the KCCQ and were very uncertain for the MLWHFQ. The effects on serious adverse events, myocardial infarction and hospitalisation are uncertain. Ivabradine seems to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation, bradycardia and non-serious adverse events.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018112082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Maagaard
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Eik Nielsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Sygehus, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Naqash Javaid Sethi
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ning Liang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Hong Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Kagami K, Obokata M, Harada T, Kato T, Wada N, Adachi T, Ishii H. Diastolic Filling Time, Chronotropic Response, and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction With Sinus Rhythm. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026009. [PMID: 35766289 PMCID: PMC9333393 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.026009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Exercise‐induced high heart rate may impair exercise tolerance by reducing diastolic filling time and ventricular filling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Given the importance of chronotropic response, we hypothesized that reduction in diastolic filling time because of exercise‐induced increased heart rate would not impair cardiac output reserve and exercise capacity. We sought to determine the association between heart rate, diastolic filling time, hemodynamics, and exercise capacity in HFpEF. Methods and Results Patients with HFpEF (n=66) and controls without HF (n=107) underwent bicycle exercise echocardiography with simultaneous expired gas analysis to measure oxygen consumption. Diastolic filling time was assessed by the overlap time between mitral E‐ and A‐waves (longer overlap time indicates shorter diastolic filling duration). Overlap time increased (ie, diastolic filling time shortened) in HFpEF and controls as heart rate increased with exercise, and the relationship was similar between the groups. Greater heart rate response correlated with higher cardiac output (r=0.51, P<0.0001) and oxygen consumption (r=0.50, P<0.0001) during peak exercise. Shorter diastolic filling time, as assessed by longer overlap time, was correlated with higher cardiac output (r=0.47, P<0.0001) and peak oxygen consumption (r=0.38, P=0.007), not with E/e′ or right ventricular‐pulmonary artery uncoupling. Longer overlap time was associated with mitral A velocity (r=0.53, P<0.0001) and left atrial booster pump strain (r=0.42, P<0.0001). Conclusions Shortening of diastolic filling interval in tandem with increased heart rate during exercise does not limit cardiac output reserve or exercise capacity in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa, Saitama Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Tomonari Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa, Saitama Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan
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24
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Boulmpou A, Theodorakopoulou MP, Alexandrou ME, Boutou AK, Papadopoulos CE, Pella E, Sarafidis P, Vassilikos V. Meta-analysis addressing the impact of cardiovascular-acting medication on peak oxygen uptake of patients with HFpEF. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:609-623. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Mesquita T, Zhang R, Cho JH, Zhang R, Lin YN, Sanchez L, Goldhaber J, Yu JK, Liang JA, Liu W, Trayanova NA, Cingolani E. Mechanisms of Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation 2022; 145:45-60. [PMID: 34905696 PMCID: PMC9083886 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to increase heart rate during exercise and other stressors is a key homeostatic feature of the sinoatrial node (SAN). When the physiological heart rate response is blunted, chronotropic incompetence limits exercise capacity, a common problem in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Despite its clinical relevance, the mechanisms of chronotropic incompetence remain unknown. METHODS Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet and C57Bl6 mice fed a high-fat diet and an inhibitor of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME]; 2-hit) were used as models of HFpEF. Myocardial infarction was created to induce HF with reduced ejection fraction. Rats and mice fed with a normal diet or those that had a sham surgery served as respective controls. A comprehensive characterization of SAN function and chronotropic response was conducted by in vivo, ex vivo, and single-cell electrophysiologic studies. RNA sequencing of SAN was performed to identify transcriptomic changes. Computational modeling of biophysically-detailed human HFpEF SAN was created. RESULTS Rats with phenotypically-verified HFpEF exhibited limited chronotropic response associated with intrinsic SAN dysfunction, including impaired β-adrenergic responsiveness and an alternating leading pacemaker within the SAN. Prolonged SAN recovery time and reduced SAN sensitivity to isoproterenol were confirmed in the 2-hit mouse model. Adenosine challenge unmasked conduction blocks within the SAN, which were associated with structural remodeling. Chronotropic incompetence and SAN dysfunction were also found in rats with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Single-cell studies and transcriptomic profiling revealed HFpEF-related alterations in both the "membrane clock" (ion channels) and the "Ca2+ clock" (spontaneous Ca2+ release events). The physiologic impairments were reproduced in silico by empirically-constrained quantitative modeling of human SAN function. CONCLUSIONS Chronotropic incompetence and SAN dysfunction were seen in both models of HF. We identified that intrinsic abnormalities of SAN structure and function underlie the chronotropic response in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thassio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jae Hyung Cho
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yen-Nien Lin
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lizbeth Sanchez
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Goldhaber
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph K. Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jialiu A. Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weixin Liu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalia A. Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Alliance for Cardiovascular and Diagnostic and treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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26
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Tsutsui H, Ide T, Ito H, Kihara Y, Kinugawa K, Kinugawa S, Makaya M, Murohara T, Node K, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Shimizu W, Yamamoto K, Bando Y, Iwasaki YK, Kinugasa Y, Mizote I, Nakagawa H, Oishi S, Okada A, Tanaka A, Akasaka T, Ono M, Kimura T, Kosaka S, Kosuge M, Momomura SI. JCS/JHFS 2021 Guideline Focused Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure. Circ J 2021; 85:2252-2291. [PMID: 34588392 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Yasuko Bando
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Yu-Ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Isamu Mizote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Shogo Oishi
- Department of Cardiology, Himeji Brain and Heart Center
| | - Akiko Okada
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Nursing
| | | | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Shun Kosaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
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27
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Palau P, Seller J, Domínguez E, Sastre C, Ramón JM, de La Espriella R, Santas E, Miñana G, Bodí V, Sanchis J, Valle A, Chorro FJ, Llácer P, Bayés-Genís A, Núñez J. Effect of β-Blocker Withdrawal on Functional Capacity in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2042-2056. [PMID: 34794685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotropic incompetence has shown to be associated with a decrease in exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), yet β-blockers are commonly used in HFpEF despite the lack of robust evidence. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of β-blocker withdrawal on peak oxygen consumption (peak Vo2) in patients with HFpEF and chronotropic incompetence. METHODS This is a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded, crossover clinical trial consisting of 2 treatment periods of 2 weeks separated by a washout period of 2 weeks. Patients with stable HFpEF, New York Heart Association functional classes II and III, previous treatment with β-blockers, and chronotropic incompetence were first randomized to withdrawing from (arm A: n = 26) versus continuing (arm B: n = 26) β-blocker treatment and were then crossed over to receive the opposite intervention. Changes in peak Vo2 and percentage of predicted peak Vo2 (peak Vo2%) measured at the end of the trial were the primary outcome measures. To account for the paired-data nature of this crossover trial, linear mixed regression analysis was used. RESULTS The mean age was 72.6 ± 13.1 years, and most of the patients were women (59.6%) in New York Heart Association functional class II (66.7%). The mean peakVo2 and peak Vo2% were 12.4 ± 2.9 mL/kg/min, and 72.4 ± 17.8%, respectively. No significant baseline differences were found across treatment arms. Peak Vo2 and peak Vo2% increased significantly after β-blocker withdrawal (14.3 vs 12.2 mL/kg/min [Δ +2.1 mL/kg/min]; P < 0.001 and 81.1 vs 69.4% [Δ +11.7%]; P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS β-blocker withdrawal improved maximal functional capacity in patients with HFpEF and chronotropic incompetence. β-blocker use in HFpEF deserves profound re-evaluation. (β-blockers Withdrawal in Patients With HFpEF and Chronotropic Incompetence: Effect on Functional Capacity [PRESERVE-HR]; NCT03871803; 2017-005077-39).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Palau
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Seller
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Denia, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Clara Sastre
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose María Ramón
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael de La Espriella
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Santas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Miñana
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Bodí
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sanchis
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valle
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Denia, Alicante, Spain
| | - F Javier Chorro
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Llácer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Guazzi M. The Link Between Heart Rate, Exercise, and β-Blocker in HFpEF: Time to Untie the Knot. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2057-2059. [PMID: 34794686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Guazzi
- Cardiology Division, University of Milano School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Tóth N, Soós A, Váradi A, Hegyi P, Tinusz B, Vágvölgyi A, Orosz A, Solymár M, Polyák A, Varró A, Farkas AS, Nagy N. Effect of ivabradine in heart failure: a meta-analysis of heart failure patients with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1159-1174. [PMID: 34636643 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In clinical trials of heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ivabradine seemed to be an effective heart rate lowering agent associated with lower risk of cardiovascular death. In contrast, ivabradine failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) despite the significant effect on heart rate. This meta-analysis is the first to compare the effects of ivabradine on heart rate and mortality parameters in HFpEF versus HFrEF. We screened three databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The outcomes of these studies were mortality, reduction in heart rate, and left ventricular function improvement. We compared the efficacy of ivabradine treatment in HFpEF versus HFrEF. Heart rate analysis of pooled data showed decrease in both HFrEF (-17.646 beats/min) and HFpEF (-11.434 beats/min), and a tendency to have stronger bradycardic effect in HFrEF (p = 0.094) in randomized clinical trials. Left ventricular ejection fraction analysis revealed significant improvement in HFrEF (5.936, 95% CI: [4.199-7.672], p < 0.001) when compared with placebo (p < 0.001). We found that ivabradine significantly improves left ventricular performance in HFrEF, at the same time it exerts a tendency to have improved bradycardic effect in HFrEF. These disparate effects of ivabradine and the higher prevalence of non-cardiac comorbidities in HFpEF may explain the observed beneficial effects in HFrEF and the unchanged outcomes in HFpEF patients after ivabradine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Dóm Square 12, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Soós
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Alex Váradi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Benedek Tinusz
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary.,First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 13, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Anna Vágvölgyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Andrea Orosz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Dóm Square 12, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Polyák
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Dóm Square 12, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila S Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School University of Szeged, Dóm Square 12, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Tsutsui H, Ide T, Ito H, Kihara Y, Kinugawa K, Kinugawa S, Makaya M, Murohara T, Node K, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Shimizu W, Yamamoto K, Bando Y, Iwasaki YK, Kinugasa Y, Mizote I, Nakagawa H, Oishi S, Okada A, Tanaka A, Akasaka T, Ono M, Kimura T, Kosaka S, Kosuge M, Momomura SI. JCS/JHFS 2021 Guideline Focused Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2021; 27:1404-1444. [PMID: 34600838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Biophysiological Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Makaya
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuko Bando
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Isamu Mizote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shogo Oishi
- Department of Cardiology, Himeji Brain and Heart Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Okada
- Kitasato University Graduate School of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun Kosaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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31
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Izumida T, Imamura T, Fukui T, Koi T, Ueno Y, Hori M, Nakagaito M, Tanaka S, Kataoka N, Ushijima R, Nakamura M, Sobajima M, Fukuda N, Ueno H, Kinugawa K. How to Estimate the Optimal Heart Rate in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int Heart J 2021; 62:816-820. [PMID: 34276013 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ideal heart rate (HR), particularly for those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), remains unknown. We hypothesized that cardiac output would be maximum when the overlap between E-wave and A-wave at the trans-mitral flow is "zero" in the Doppler echocardiography. We retrospectively investigated the association among the overlap length between two waves, actual HR, and other echocardiographic parameters to construct a formula for estimating theoretically ideal HR among those with HFpEF. In total, 48 HFpEF patients were included (70-year-olds, 18 males). Given the results of multivariate linear regression analyses, the overlap length was estimated as follows: -1,050 + 8.4 × (HR [bpm]) + 0.6 × (deceleration time [millisecond]) + 1.7 × (A-width [millisecond]), which had a strong agreement with the actually measured overlap length (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Theoretically ideal HR was calculated by substituting zero into the estimated overlap length as follows: 125 - 0.07 × (deceleration time [millisecond]) - 0.20 × (A-width [millisecond]). In the validation cohort including another 143 HFpEF patients, the estimated overlap using the formula again had a strong agreement with the actually measured overlap (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). In this study, we proposed a novel formula for calculating theoretically ideal HR, consisting of deceleration time and A-width, in the HFpEF cohort. Clinical implication to optimize the HR targeting the theoretically ideal HR should be investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuya Fukui
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Takatoshi Koi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Yohei Ueno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | | | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | | | - Makiko Nakamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Mitsuo Sobajima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Nobuyuki Fukuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama
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32
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Lin Y, Fu S, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Luo L. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on aging and comorbidities. J Transl Med 2021; 19:291. [PMID: 34229717 PMCID: PMC8259336 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations and mortality when diagnosed at the age of ≥ 65 years. HFpEF represents multifactorial and multisystemic syndrome and has different pathophysiology and phenotypes. Its diagnosis is difficult to be established based on left ventricular ejection fraction and may benefit from individually tailored approaches, underlying age-related changes and frequent comorbidities. Compared with the rapid development in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HFpEF presents a great challenge and needs to be addressed considering the failure of HF drugs to improve its outcomes. Further extensive studies on the relationships between HFpEF, aging, and comorbidities in carefully phenotyped HFpEF subgroups may help understand the biology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF. The current review summarized the diagnostic and therapeutic development of HFpEF based on the complex relationships between aging, comorbidities, and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China.
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Centre for the Study of Ageing and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China.
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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33
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Mishra S, Kass DA. Cellular and molecular pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:400-423. [PMID: 33432192 PMCID: PMC8574228 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects half of all patients with heart failure worldwide, is increasing in prevalence, confers substantial morbidity and mortality, and has very few effective treatments. HFpEF is arguably the greatest unmet medical need in cardiovascular disease. Although HFpEF was initially considered to be a haemodynamic disorder characterized by hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, the pandemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus have modified the HFpEF syndrome, which is now recognized to be a multisystem disorder involving the heart, lungs, kidneys, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, vascular system, and immune and inflammatory signalling. This multiorgan involvement makes HFpEF difficult to model in experimental animals because the condition is not simply cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension with abnormal myocardial relaxation. However, new animal models involving both haemodynamic and metabolic disease, and increasing efforts to examine human pathophysiology, are revealing new signalling pathways and potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we discuss the cellular and molecular pathobiology of HFpEF, with the major focus being on mechanisms relevant to the heart, because most research has focused on this organ. We also highlight the involvement of other important organ systems, including the lungs, kidneys and skeletal muscle, efforts to characterize patients with the use of systemic biomarkers, and ongoing therapeutic efforts. Our objective is to provide a roadmap of the signalling pathways and mechanisms of HFpEF that are being characterized and which might lead to more patient-specific therapies and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,
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34
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Cosiano MF, Tobin R, Mentz RJ, Greene SJ. Physical Functioning in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail 2021; 27:1002-1016. [PMID: 33991684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly prevalent, yet interventions and therapies to improve outcomes remain limited. There has been increasing attention towards the impact of comorbidities and physical functioning (PF) on poor clinical outcomes within this population. In this review, we summarize and discuss the literature on PF in HFpEF, its association with clinical and patient-centered outcomes, and future advances in the care of HFpEF with respect to PF. Multiple PF metrics have been demonstrated to provide prognostic value within HFpEF, yet the data are less robust compared with other patient populations, highlighting the need for further investigation. The evaluation and detection of poor PF provides a potential strategy to improve care in HFpEF, and future studies are needed to understand if modulating PF improves clinical and/or patient-reported outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: • Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) commonly have impaired physical functioning (PF) demonstrated by limitations across a wide range of common PF metrics.• Impaired PF metrics demonstrate prognostic value for both clinical and patient-reported outcomes in HFpEF, making them plausible therapeutic targets to improve outcomes.• Clinical trials are ongoing to investigate novel methods of detecting, monitoring, and improving impaired PF to enhance HFpEF care.Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly prevalent, yet interventions and therapies to improve outcomes remain limited. As such, there has been increasing focus on the impact of physical performance (PF) on clinical and patient-centered outcomes. In this review, we discuss the state of PF in patients with HFpEF by examining the multitude of PF metrics available, their respective strengths and limitations, and their associations with outcomes in HFpEF. We highlight future advances in the care of HFpEF with respect to PF, particularly regarding the evaluation and detection of poor PF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
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35
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Wolsk E, Kaye DM, Komtebedde J, Shah SJ, Borlaug BA, Burkhoff D, Kitzman DW, Cleland JG, Hasenfuß G, Hassager C, Møller JE, Gustafsson F. Determinants and consequences of heart rate and stroke volume response to exercise in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:754-764. [PMID: 33686716 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A hallmark of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is impaired exercise capacity of varying severity. The main determinant of exercise capacity is cardiac output (CO), however little information is available about the relation between the constituents of CO - heart rate and stroke volume - and exercise capacity in HFpEF. We sought to determine if a heterogeneity in heart rate and stroke volume response to exercise exists in patients with HFpEF and describe possible clinical phenotypes associated with differences in these responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from two prospective trials of HFpEF (n = 108) and a study of healthy participants (n = 42) with invasive haemodynamic measurements during exercise were utilized. Differences in central haemodynamic responses were analysed with regression models. Chronotropic incompetence was present in 39-56% of patients with HFpEF and 3-56% of healthy participants depending on the definition used, but some (n = 47, 44%) had an increase in heart rate similar to that of healthy controls. Patients with HFpEF had a smaller increase in their stroke volume index (SVI) (HFpEF: +4 ± 10 mL/m2 , healthy participants: +24 ± 12 mL/m2 , P < 0.0001), indeed, SVI fell in 28% of patients at peak exercise. Higher body mass index and lower SVI at rest were associated with smaller increases in heart rate during exercise, whereas higher resting heart rate, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker use were associated with a greater increase in SVI in patients with HFpEF. CONCLUSION The haemodynamic response to exercise was very heterogeneous among patients with HFpEF, with chronotropic incompetence observed in up to 56%, and 28% had impaired increase in SVI. This suggests that haemodynamic exercise testing may be useful to identify which HFpEF patients may benefit from interventions targeting stroke volume and chronotropic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Wolsk
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Kaye
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John G Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow and National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Jacob E Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Elshazly MB, Wilkoff BL, Tarakji K, Wu Y, Donnellan E, Abi Khalil C, Asaad N, Jaber W, Wazni O, Cho L. Exercise Ventricular Rates, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance, and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure With Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e007451. [PMID: 33478244 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In heart failure (HF) with sinus rhythm, resting and exercise heart rates correlate with exercise capacity and mortality. However, in HF with atrial fibrillation (AF), this correlation is unknown. Our aim is to investigate the association of resting and exercise ventricular rates (VRs) with exercise capacity and mortality in HF with AF. METHODS We identified 903 patients with HF and AF referred for cardiopulmonary stress testing. AF was defined as history of AF and AF during cardiopulmonary stress testing. We constructed multivariable models to evaluate the association of resting VR, peak exercise VR, VR reserve (peak VR-resting VR), and chronotropic index with (1) peak oxygen consumption (PVO2) ≤18 mL/kg per minute, (2) continuous PVO2, and (3) 10-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS Median (25th-75th percentile) age was 60 (52-67) years, left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 (15-50)%, and 76.1% were males. Patients with lower (quartile 1) compared with higher (quartile 4) peak VR, VR reserve, and chronotropic index were more likely to have PVO2 ≤18 mL/kg per min (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 14.92 [8.07-27.58], 24.60 [12.36-48.98], and 22.31 [11.24-44.27], respectively), and higher all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 2.56 [1.62-4.04], 2.29 [1.47-3.59], and 2.30 [1.51-3.49], respectively). For every 10 beats per minute increase in VR reserve, PVO2 increased by 1.05 mL/kg per minute (B-coefficient [95% CI]: 1.05 [0.94-1.15]) and mortality decreased by 12% (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.83-0.94]). Resting VR was associated with PVO2 (B-coefficient [95% CI]: -0.46 [-0.70 to -0.23]) but not mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.88-1.06]). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF and AF, higher resting VR and lower peak exercise VR, VR reserve, and chronotropic index were all associated with worse peak exercise capacity, but only lower exercise VR parameters were associated with higher mortality. Dedicated studies are needed to gauge whether modulating exercise VR enhances exercise performance and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B Elshazly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Education City, Doha, Qatar (M.B.E., C.A.K., N.A.).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (M.B.E., C.A.K., N.A.)
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.)
| | - Khaldoun Tarakji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.)
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.).,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Cleveland State University, OH (Y.W.)
| | - Eoin Donnellan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.)
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Education City, Doha, Qatar (M.B.E., C.A.K., N.A.).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (M.B.E., C.A.K., N.A.)
| | - Nidal Asaad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Education City, Doha, Qatar (M.B.E., C.A.K., N.A.).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (M.B.E., C.A.K., N.A.)
| | - Wael Jaber
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.)
| | - Oussama Wazni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.)
| | - Leslie Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic (M.B.E., B.L.W., K.T., Y.W., E.D., W.J., O.W., L.C.)
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Abstract
Ivabradine is a unique agent that is distinct from beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers as it reduces heart rate without affecting myocardial contractility or vascular tone. Ivabradine is a use-dependent inhibitor targeting the sinoatrial node. It is approved for use in the United States as an adjunct therapy for heart rate reduction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In this scenario, ivabradine has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes due to reduction in heart failure readmissions. However, there has been conflicting evidence from prospective studies and randomized controlled trials for its use in stable ischemic heart disease regarding efficacy in symptom reduction and mortality benefit. Ivabradine may also play a role in the treatment of patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, who often cannot tolerate beta-blockers and/or calcium channel blockers. In this review, we highlight the evidence for the nuances of using ivabradine in heart failure, stable ischemic heart disease, and inappropriate sinus tachycardia to raise awareness for its vital role in the treatment of select populations.
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38
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Oakland HT, Joseph P, Elassal A, Cullinan M, Heerdt PM, Singh I. Diagnostic utility of sub-maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the ambulatory setting for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020972273. [PMID: 33282205 PMCID: PMC7691918 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020972273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is commonly associated with heart failure with preserved
ejection fraction. In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the
elevated left-sided filling pressures result in isolated post-capillary
pulmonary hypertension or combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary
hypertension. Although right heart catheterization is the gold standard for
diagnosis, it is an invasive test with associated risks. The ability of
sub-maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test as an adjunct diagnostic tool in
pulmonary hypertension-associated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
is not known. Forty-six patients with heart failure with preserved ejection
fraction and pulmonary hypertension (27 patients with combined pre- and
post-capillary pulmonary hypertension and 19 patients with isolated
post-capillary pulmonary hypertension) underwent sub-maximum cardiopulmonary
exercise test followed by right heart catheterization. The study also included
18 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Several sub-maximum gas exchange
parameters were examined to determine the ability of sub-maximum cardiopulmonary
exercise test to distinguish between isolated post-capillary pulmonary
hypertension and combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension.
Conventional echocardiogram measures did not distinguish between isolated
post-capillary pulmonary hypertension and combined pre- and post-capillary
pulmonary hypertension. Compared to isolated post-capillary pulmonary
hypertension, combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension had
greater ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) slope,
reduced delta end-tidal CO2 change during exercise, reduced oxygen
uptake efficiency slope, and reduced gas exchange determined pulmonary vascular
capacitance. The latter was significantly associated with right heart
catheterization determined pulmonary artery compliance
(r = 0.5; p = 0.0004). On univariate analysis,
sub-maximum VE/VCO2, delta end-tidal carbon dioxide, and gas exchange
determined pulmonary vascular capacitance emerged as independent predictors of
the extrapolated maximum oxygen uptake (%predicted) (β-coefficient values of
–7.32, 95% CI: –13.3 – (–1.32), p = 0.01; 8.01, 95% CI:
1.96–14.05, p = 0.01; 8.78, 95% CI: 2.26–15.29,
p = 0.01, respectively). Sub-maximum gas exchange
parameters obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise test in an ambulatory
setting allows for discrimination between isolated post-capillary pulmonary
hypertension and combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension.
Additionally, sub-maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test derived
VE/VCO2, delta end-tidal carbon dioxide, and gas exchange
determined pulmonary vascular capacitance influences aerobic capacity in heart
failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah T Oakland
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phillip Joseph
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ahmed Elassal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marjorie Cullinan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul M Heerdt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Benstoem C, Kalvelage C, Breuer T, Heussen N, Marx G, Stoppe C, Brandenburg V. Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 11:CD013004. [PMID: 33147368 PMCID: PMC8094176 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013004.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure is one of the most common medical conditions, affecting more than 23 million people worldwide. Despite established guideline-based, multidrug pharmacotherapy, chronic heart failure is still the cause of frequent hospitalisation, and about 50% die within five years of diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of ivabradine in individuals with chronic heart failure. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CPCI-S Web of Science in March 2020. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO ICTRP. We checked reference lists of included studies. We did not apply any time or language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials in which adult participants diagnosed with chronic heart failure were randomly assigned to receive either ivabradine or placebo/usual care/no treatment. We distinguished between type of heart failure (heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction or heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction) as well as between duration of ivabradine treatment (short term (< 6 months) or long term (≥ 6 months)). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data, and checked data for accuracy. We calculated risk ratios (RR) using a random-effects model. We completed a comprehensive 'Risk of bias' assessment for all studies. We contacted authors for missing data. Our primary endpoints were: mortality from cardiovascular causes; quality of life; time to first hospitalisation for heart failure during follow-up; and number of days spent in hospital due to heart failure during follow-up. Our secondary endpoints were: rate of serious adverse events; exercise capacity; and economic costs (narrative report). We assessed the certainty of the evidence applying the GRADE methodology. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 studies (76 reports) involving a total of 19,628 participants (mean age 60.76 years, 69% male). However, few studies contributed data to meta-analyses due to inconsistency in trial design (type of heart failure) and outcome reporting and measurement. In general, risk of bias varied from low to high across the included studies, with insufficient detail provided to inform judgement in several cases. We were able to perform two meta-analyses focusing on participants with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and long-term ivabradine treatment. There was evidence of no difference between ivabradine and placebo/usual care/no treatment for mortality from cardiovascular causes (RR 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 1.11; 3 studies; 17,676 participants; I2 = 33%; moderate-certainty evidence). Furthermore, we found evidence of no difference in rate of serious adverse events amongst HFrEF participants randomised to receive long-term ivabradine compared with those randomised to placebo, usual care, or no treatment (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.00; 2 studies; 17,399 participants; I2 = 12%; moderate-certainty evidence). We were not able to perform meta-analysis for all other outcomes, and have low confidence in the findings based on the individual studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of no difference in cardiovascular mortality and serious adverse events between long-term treatment with ivabradine and placebo/usual care/no treatment in participants with heart failure with HFrEF. Nevertheless, due to indirectness (male predominance), the certainty of the available evidence is rated as moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Benstoem
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Kalvelage
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Biostatistic and Epidemiology, Medical School, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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40
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Wintrich J, Kindermann I, Ukena C, Selejan S, Werner C, Maack C, Laufs U, Tschöpe C, Anker SD, Lam CSP, Voors AA, Böhm M. Therapeutic approaches in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: past, present, and future. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:1079-1098. [PMID: 32236720 PMCID: PMC7449942 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the wealth of proven therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), therapeutic efforts in the past have failed to improve outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Moreover, to this day, diagnosis of HFpEF remains controversial. However, there is growing appreciation that HFpEF represents a heterogeneous syndrome with various phenotypes and comorbidities which are hardly to differentiate solely by LVEF and might benefit from individually tailored approaches. These hypotheses are supported by the recently presented PARAGON-HF trial. Although treatment with LCZ696 did not result in a significantly lower rate of total hospitalizations for heart failure and death from cardiovascular causes among HFpEF patients, subanalyses suggest beneficial effects in female patients and those with an LVEF between 45 and 57%. In the future, prospective randomized trials should focus on dedicated, well-defined subgroups based on various information such as clinical characteristics, biomarker levels, and imaging modalities. These could clarify the role of LCZ696 in selected individuals. Furthermore, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have just proven efficient in HFrEF patients and are currently also studied in large prospective clinical trials enrolling HFpEF patients. In addition, several novel disease-modifying drugs that pursue different strategies such as targeting cardiac inflammation and fibrosis have delivered preliminary optimistic results and are subject of further research. Moreover, innovative device therapies may enhance management of HFpEF, but need prospective adequately powered clinical trials to confirm safety and efficacy regarding clinical outcomes. This review highlights the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wintrich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Kindermann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Ukena
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Simina Selejan
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie im Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Campus Rudolf Virchow Clinic (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Health/Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIHCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Campus Rudolf Virchow Clinic (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Health/Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIHCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre, Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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41
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Soloveva A, Fedorova D, Villevalde S, Zvartau N, Mareev Y, Sitnikova M, Shlyakhto E, Fudim M. Addressing Orthostatic Hypotension in Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications and Perspectives. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:549-569. [PMID: 32748206 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF)is a condition at high risk for orthostatic hypotension (OH)given the large proportion of patients at an advanced age and high burden of comorbidities contributing to OH, as well as a high prevalence of medications with neurovascular and volume modulating properties. Early identification of OH in HF seems to be crucial as OH can have an impact on patient symptoms, activity level and independence, be a marker of specific pathophysiological changes or be an indicator of need for personalized treatment. OH might contribute significantly to bad enough prognosis in HF, as, besides a risk of falls and cognitive decline, it was found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aimed to incentivize the routine use of orthostatic testing in HF, as well as stimulate future research in this field, which could lead to significant advances in the treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Soloveva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Darya Fedorova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Villevalde
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Zvartau
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Mareev
- National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Sitnikova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Shlyakhto
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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42
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Nayor M, Houstis NE, Namasivayam M, Rouvina J, Hardin C, Shah RV, Ho JE, Malhotra R, Lewis GD. Impaired Exercise Tolerance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Quantification of Multiorgan System Reserve Capacity. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2020; 8:605-617. [PMID: 32535122 PMCID: PMC7395858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is a principal feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whether or not there is evidence of congestion at rest. The degree of functional limitation observed in HFpEF is comparable to patients with advanced heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Exercise intolerance in HFpEF is characterized by impairments in the physiological reserve capacity of multiple organ systems, but the relative cardiac and extracardiac deficits vary among individuals. Detailed measurements made during exercise are necessary to identify and rank-order the multiorgan system limitations in reserve capacity that culminate in exertional intolerance in a given person. We use a case-based approach to comprehensively review mechanisms of exercise intolerance and optimal approaches to evaluate exercise capacity in HFpEF. We also summarize recent and ongoing trials of novel devices, drugs, and behavioral interventions that aim to improve specific exercise measures such as peak oxygen uptake, 6-min walk distance, heart rate, and hemodynamic profiles in HFpEF. Evaluation during the clinically relevant physiological perturbation of exercise holds promise to improve the precision with which HFpEF is defined and therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nayor
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas E Houstis
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mayooran Namasivayam
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Rouvina
- Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles Hardin
- Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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43
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Parasuraman SK, Loudon BL, Lowery C, Cameron D, Singh S, Schwarz K, Gollop ND, Rudd A, McKiddie F, Phillips JJ, Prasad SK, Wilson AM, Sen-Chowdhry S, Clark A, Vassiliou VS, Dawson DK, Frenneaux MP. Diastolic Ventricular Interaction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010114. [PMID: 30922153 PMCID: PMC6509705 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that this could result in pericardial constraint and diastolic ventricular interaction in some patients during exercise. Methods and Results Contrast stress echocardiography was performed in 30 HFpEF patients, 17 hypertensive controls, and 17 normotensive controls (healthy). Cardiac volumes, and normalized radius of curvature (NRC) of the interventricular septum at end‐diastole and end‐systole, were measured at rest and peak‐exercise, and compared between the groups. The septum was circular at rest in all 3 groups at end‐diastole. At peak‐exercise, end‐systolic NRC increased to 1.47±0.05 (P<0.001) in HFpEF patients, confirming development of pulmonary hypertension. End‐diastolic NRC also increased to 1.54±0.07 (P<0.001) in HFpEF patients, indicating septal flattening, and this correlated significantly with end‐systolic NRC (ρ=0.51, P=0.007). In hypertensive controls and healthy controls, peak‐exercise end‐systolic NRC increased, but this was significantly less than observed in HFpEF patients (HFpEF, P=0.02 versus hypertensive controls; P<0.001 versus healthy). There were also small, non‐significant increases in end‐diastolic NRC in both groups (hypertensive controls, +0.17±0.05, P=0.38; healthy, +0.06±0.03, P=0.93). In HFpEF patients, peak‐exercise end‐diastolic NRC also negatively correlated (r=−0.40, P<0.05) with the change in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume with exercise (ie, the Frank‐Starling mechanism), and a trend was noted towards a negative correlation with change in stroke volume (r=−0.36, P=0.08). Conclusions Exercise pulmonary hypertension causes substantial diastolic ventricular interaction on exercise in some patients with HFpEF, and this restriction to left ventricular filling by the right ventricle exacerbates the pre‐existing impaired Frank‐Starling response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Crystal Lowery
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Donnie Cameron
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicholas D Gollop
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Rudd
- 4 Department of Cardiology School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Fergus McKiddie
- 5 Nuclear Medicine Aberdeen Royal Infirmary NHS Grampian Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Jim J Phillips
- 5 Nuclear Medicine Aberdeen Royal Infirmary NHS Grampian Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- 6 Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London London United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Srijita Sen-Chowdhry
- 7 Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Allan Clark
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | | | - Dana K Dawson
- 4 Department of Cardiology School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Aberdeen United Kingdom
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44
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Conceição LSR, Gois C, Fernandes RES, Souza DS, Júnior MBG, Carvalho VO. Effect of ivabradine on exercise capacity in individuals with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:157-163. [PMID: 32651807 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is about 30-75% of the patients living with heart failure. A hallmark symptom of these patients is exercise intolerance. Ivabradine can, eventually, increase exercise capacity by heart rate control. However, clinical trials show conflicting results about the effects of ivabradine on exercise capacity, an important prognostic variable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ivabradine on exercise capacity in individuals with HFpEF. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and supplemented by guidance from the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. For the meta-analysis, a forest plot was used to graphically present the effect sizes and the 95% CIs. Four randomized controlled trials were included. Ivabradine did not change exercise capacity expressed by peak VO2 and 6MWT (MD = 0.8; 95% CI - 2.5 to 4.3; P = 0.62) (Fig. 4a). In our secondary analysis, the ivabradine group showed a significant resting HR reduction when compared with placebo (MD = - 13.2; 95% CI - 16.6 to -9.8; P < 0.00001) and ivabradine showed increased values of E/e' ratio compared with placebo (MD = 0.8; 95% CI 0.0 to 1.6; P = 0.04). Current available evidence suggests that there is no effect of ivabradine on exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF. Also, questions about negative effects on E/e' values and adverse events associated with ivabradine treatment need to be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Sérgio Rocha Conceição
- Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE, Brazil. .,The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Aracaju, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Gois
- Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE, Brazil.,The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Raiane Eunice Santos Fernandes
- Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE, Brazil.,The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Miburge Bolivar Gois Júnior
- Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE, Brazil.,The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE, Brazil.,The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Aracaju, Brazil
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45
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Ton VK, Lewis GD. Does Chronotropic Incompetence in HFpEF Cause or Result From Exercise Intolerance? Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006872. [PMID: 32164432 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.006872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van-Khue Ton
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.-K.T., G.D.L.)
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.-K.T., G.D.L.)
- Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (G.D.L.)
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46
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Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a highly heterogenous disease. There is emerging evidence that treatment should be tailored to the individual’s associated comorbidities No current algorithms exist for the management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Conventional therapies used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction are yet to show a mortality benefit Key treatment objectives include control of hypertension and fluid balance Common comorbidities include coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, obesity, diabetes, renal impairment and pulmonary hypertension. These comorbidities should be considered in all patients and treatment optimised
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gard
- Monash University, Clayton, Vic.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.,National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Monash University, Clayton, Vic.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.,National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra
| | - David Kaye
- Monash University, Clayton, Vic.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.,National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra
| | - Harry Gibbs
- Monash University, Clayton, Vic.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.,National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra
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47
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Nadeem M, Hassib M, Aslam HM, Fatima D, Illahi Y. Role of Ivabradine in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cureus 2020; 12:e7123. [PMID: 32257669 PMCID: PMC7105081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 50% of patients with heart failure. HFpEF carries almost similar morbidity and mortality outcomes to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite many trials, no management has been shown to improve mortality outcomes in HFpEF. An elevated heart rate in patients with HFpEF has been associated with worse outcomes. Previous trials on the use of beta-blockers in reducing the heart rate in patients with HFpEF have shown worse outcomes, possibly due to the negative inotropic effects. The funny current inhibitor, ivabradine, results in a reduced heart rate without affecting inotropy. Two randomized controlled trials and one cross-over study have evaluated the use of ivabradine in HFpEF patients. The outcomes of the trials have been heterogeneous; ivabradine showed improved exercise tolerance, no change in primary endpoints was seen l, and there was a worsening in the outcomes. Our review underscores the requirement of a large randomized clinical trial in the appropriate patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University, St. Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | - Mohab Hassib
- Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | - Hafiz M Aslam
- Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Trenton, USA
| | - Dania Fatima
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical College, Multan, PAK
| | - Yasir Illahi
- Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
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48
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Palau P, Seller J, Domínguez E, Gómez I, Ramón JM, Sastre C, de la Espriella R, Santas E, Miñana G, Chorro FJ, González-Juanatey JR, Núñez J. Beta-blockers withdrawal in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and chronotropic incompetence: Effect on functional capacity rationale and study design of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial (The Preserve-HR trial). Clin Cardiol 2020; 43:423-429. [PMID: 32073676 PMCID: PMC7244302 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is complex and multifactorial. Chronotropic incompetence (ChI) has emerged as a crucial pathophysiological mechanism. Beta‐blockers, drugs with negative chronotropic effects, are commonly used in HFpEF, although current evidence does not support its routine use in these patients. Hypothesis We postulate beta‐blockers may have deleterious effects in HFpEF and ChI. This work aims to evaluate the short‐term effect of beta‐blockers withdrawal on functional capacity assessed by the maximal oxygen uptake (peakVO2) in patients with HFpEF and ChI. Methods This is a prospective, crossover, randomized (1:1) and multicenter study. After randomization, the clinical and cardiac rhythm will be continuously registered for 30 days. PeakVO2 is assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at 15 and 30 days in both groups. Secondary endpoints include quality of life, cognitive, and safety assessment. Patients with stable HFpEF, functional class New York Heart Association (NYHA) II‐III, chronic treatment with beta‐blockers, and ChI will be enrolled. A sample size estimation [alfa: 0.05, power: 90%, a 20% loss rate, and delta change of mean peakVO2: +1.2 mL/kg/min (SD ± 2.0)] of 52 patients is necessary to test our hypothesis. Results Patients started enrolling in October 2018. As January 14th, 2020, 28 patients have been enrolled. It is projected to enroll the last patient at the end of July 2020. Conclusions Optimizing therapy that improves functional capacity remains an unmeet priority in HFpEF. Deprescribing beta‐blockers in patients with HFpEF and ChI seems a plausible intervention to improve functional capacity. This trial is an attempt towards precision medicine in this complex syndrome. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03871803.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Seller
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Denia, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Inés Gómez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Ramón
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Sastre
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Santas
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Miñana
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Chorro
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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49
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Koroma TR, Samura SK, Cheng Y, Tang M. Effect of Ivabradine on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, Exercise Tolerance and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cardiol Res 2020; 11:40-49. [PMID: 32095195 PMCID: PMC7011928 DOI: 10.14740/cr958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ivabradine is a heart rate-lowering drug that selectively inhibits the funny (If) current of the sinoatrial node. It is currently recommended in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in sinus rhythm and a heart rate of ≥ 70 beats per minute (bpm) at rest. To investigate whether ivabradine has an effect on diastolic dysfunction, exercise tolerance and quality of life (QOL), we conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials for studies on the effect of ivabradine on left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, exercise tolerance, QOL, readmission for worsening HF and mortality in both patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HFrEF. RESULTS Thirteen RCTs with 881 patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the pooled analysis, for the HFpEF subgroup, treatment with ivabradine resulted in a decrease in early diastolic mitral inflow to late diastolic flow ratio (E/A) (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.99, -0.07; P < 0.000) and increase in peak oxygen uptake during exercise (VO2) (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.35, 0.45; P < 0.00; I2 = 95.1%). Similar effect was seen in the HFrEF subgroup with decrease in E/A ratio (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.06; P < 0.000) and early diastolic mitral inflow to annular velocity ratio (E/e') (SMD: -1.01; 95% CI: -1.49, -0.54; P < 0.012). Ivabradine therapy increased peak VO2 and 6-min walk test (6MWT) in HFrEF patients (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.35, 1.32; P < 0.00; I2 = 97.5% and SMD: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.41; P < 0.000, respectively). There was also significant reduction in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score (SMD: -0.68; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.45; P < 0.000). However, there was no significant difference in readmission for worsening HF and all-cause mortality between ivabradine and control (risk ratio (RR): 1.44; 95% CI: 0.73, 2.16; P < 0.148 and RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.33; P < 0.907, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ivabradine therapy is associated with improved LV diastolic function, increases exercise tolerance and hence QOL, but it has no significant effect on readmission for worsening HF and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ruba Koroma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yuguo Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengxiong Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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50
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Packer M, Lam CSP, Lund LH, Redfield MM. Interdependence of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction Reflects a Common Underlying Atrial and Ventricular Myopathy. Circulation 2019; 141:4-6. [PMID: 31887078 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.042996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.P.).,Imperial College, London, UK (M.P.)
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L)
| | - Lars H Lund
- University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands (L.H.L).,The George Institute for Global Health, Australia (L.H.L).,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden (L.H.L)
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