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Wenfei Z, Xiang T, Chen C, Yang T, Yun T, Zhibiao C, Ge Z. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14436. [PMID: 38395608 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to neurological dysfunction in the patients who suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive component extracted from Genus Glycyrrhiza. This work is to investigate whether ISL ameliorates neuroinflammation after SAH. In this study, intravascular perforation of male Sprague-Dawley rats was used to establish a SAH model. ISL was administered by intraperitoneal injection 6 h after SAH in rats. The mortality, SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were examined at 24 h after the treatment. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, Iba-1, and MPO were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Besides, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were analyzed by western blot. The experimental data suggested that ISL treatment could ameliorate neurological impairment, attenuate brain edema, and ameliorate BBB injury after SAH in rats. ISL treatment repressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and meanwhile inhibited the expression of Iba-1 and MPO. ISL also repressed NF-κB p65 expression as well as the transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, ISL significantly suppressed the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. These findings suggest that ISL inactivates NLRP3 pathway by inhibiting NF-κB p65 translocation, thereby repressing the neuroinflammation after SAH, and it is a potential drug for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wenfei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Wuhan First Stomatological Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yun
- Department of Stomatology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhibiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Chen J, Wang Y, Li M, Zhu X, Liu Z, Chen Q, Xiong K. Netrin-1 Alleviates Early Brain Injury by Regulating Ferroptosis via the PPARγ/Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:219-237. [PMID: 36631632 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Netrin-1 (NTN-1) can alleviate early brain injury (EBI) following SAH by enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which is an important transcriptional factor modulating lipid metabolism. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death related to lipid metabolism. However, the specific function of ferroptosis in NTN-1-mediated neuroprotection following SAH is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects and the possible molecular basis of NTN-1 in SAH-induced EBI by modulating neuronal ferroptosis using the filament perforations model of SAH in mice and the hemin-stimulated neuron injury model in HT22 cells. NTN-1 or a vehicle was administered 2 h following SAH. We examined neuronal death, brain water content, neurological score, and mortality. NTN-1 treatment led to elevated survival probability, greater survival of neurons, and increased neurological score, indicating that NTN-1-inhibited ferroptosis ameliorated neuron death in vivo/in vitro in response to SAH. Furthermore, NTN-1 treatment enhanced the expression of PPARγ, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which are essential regulators of ferroptosis in EBI after SAH. The findings show that NTN-1 improves neurological outcomes in mice and protects neurons from death caused by neuronal ferroptosis. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying NTN-1 neuroprotection is correlated with the inhibition of ferroptosis, attenuating cell death via the PPARγ/Nrf2/GPX4 pathway and coenzyme Q10-ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (CoQ10-FSP1) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuanghua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Ma P, Huang N, Tang J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Chen Y, Zhang M, Huang Q, Cheng Y. The TRPM4 channel inhibitor 9-phenanthrol alleviates cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098228. [PMID: 36865920 PMCID: PMC9971592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) exerts an important effect on brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Upregulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) results in damage to capillaries and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is critical for the development of CE. Many studies have shown that 9-phenanthrol (9-PH) effectively inhibits TRPM4. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of 9-PH on reducing CE after TBI. In this experiment, we observed that 9-PH markedly reduced brain water content, BBB disruption, proliferation of microglia and astrocytes, neutrophil infiltration, neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral deficits. At the molecular level, 9-PH significantly inhibited the protein expression of TRPM4 and MMP-9, alleviated the expression of apoptosis-related molecules and inflammatory cytokines, such as Bax, TNF-α and IL-6, near injured tissue, and diminished serum SUR1 and TRPM4 levels. Mechanistically, treatment with 9-PH inhibited activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway, which was reported to be involved in the expression of MMP-9. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that 9-PH effectively reduces CE and alleviates secondary brain injury partly through the following possible mechanisms: ①9-PH inhibits TRPM4-mediated Na + influx and reduces cytotoxic CE; ②9-PH hinders the expression and activity of MMP-9 by inhibiting the TRPM4 channel and decreases disruption of the BBB, thereby preventing vasogenic cerebral edema. ③9-PH reduces further inflammatory and apoptotic damage to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zunjie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Huang, ; Yuan Cheng,
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Huang, ; Yuan Cheng,
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Ibrahim WW, Sayed RH, Kandil EA, Wadie W. Niacin mitigates blood-brain barrier tight junctional proteins dysregulation and cerebral inflammation in ketamine rat model of psychosis: Role of GPR109A receptor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110583. [PMID: 35690118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are recognized as central factors in the development of psychiatric disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of niacin on BBB integrity in ketamine-induced model of psychosis. Meanwhile, mepenzolate bromide (MPN), a GPR109A receptor blocker, was used to investigate the role of this receptor on the observed niacin's effect. Male Wistar rats received ketamine (30 mg/kg/day, i.p) for 5 consecutive days and then niacin (40 mg/kg/day, p.o), with or without MPN (5 mg/kg/day, i.p), was given for the subsequent 15 days. Three days before the end of experiment, rats were behaviorally tested using open field, novel object recognition, social interaction, and forced swimming tests. Niacin significantly ameliorated ketamine-induced behavioral deficits, amended gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentration, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metallopeptidase 9 levels, and increased netrin-1 contents in the hippocampus of rats. Niacin also augmented the hippocampal expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 proteins, indicating the ability of niacin to restore the BBB integrity. Moreover, the histopathologic changes in hippocampal neurons were alleviated. Since all the beneficial effects of niacin in the present investigation were partially abolished by the co-administration of MPN; GPR109A receptor was proven to partially mediate the observed antipsychotic effects of niacin. These data revealed that GPR109A-mediated signaling pathways might represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent or slow the progression of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Esraa A Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Activation of RKIP Binding ASC Attenuates Neuronal Pyroptosis and Brain Injury via Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:1037-1054. [PMID: 35355228 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis has been proven to be responsible for secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A recent study reported that Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) inhibited assembly and activation of inflammasome in macrophages. Our present study aimed to investigate the effects of RKIP on inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in experimental ICH. Here, we showed that RKIP expression was decreased both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with ICH and in the peri-hematoma tissues after experimental ICH. In mouse ICH model, activation of RKIP remarkably improved neurological deficits, reduced brain water content and BBB disruption, and promoted hematoma absorption at 24 h after ICH, as well as alleviated neuronal degeneration, reduced membrane pore formation, and downregulated pyroptotic molecules NLRP3, caspase-1 P20, GSDMD-N, and mature IL-1β. Besides, RKIP activation decreased the number of caspase-1 P20-positive neurons after ICH. However, RKIP inhibitor reserved the neuroprotective effects of RKIP at 24 h following ICH. Moreover, RKIP could bind with ASC, then interrupt the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. Mechanistically, inhibiting the caspase-1 by VX-765 attenuated brain injury and suppressed neuronal pyroptosis after RKIP inhibitor-pretreated ICH. In conclusion, our findings indicated that activation of RKIP could attenuate neuronal pyroptosis and brain injury after ICH, to some extent, through ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Thus, RKIP may be a potential target to attenuate brain injury via its anti-pyroptosis effect after ICH.
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Gu L, Sun M, Li R, Zhang X, Tao Y, Yuan Y, Luo X, Xie Z. Didymin Suppresses Microglia Pyroptosis and Neuroinflammation Through the Asc/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway Following Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810582. [PMID: 35154128 PMCID: PMC8828494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been proven to exert an important effect on brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Previous studies reported that Didymin possessed anti-inflammatory properties after acute hepatic injury, hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, and death. However, the role of Didymin in microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation after ICH is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Didymin on neuroinflammation mediated by microglial pyroptosis in mouse models of ICH and shed some light on the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we observed that Didymin treatment remarkably improved neurobehavioral performance and decreased BBB disruption and brain water content. Microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration in the peri-hematoma tissue after ICH were strikingly mitigated by Didymin as well. At the molecular level, administration of Didymin significantly unregulated the expression of Rkip and downregulated the expression of pyroptotic molecules and inflammatory cytokines such as Nlrp3 inflammasome, GSDMD, caspase-1, and mature IL-1β, TNF-α, and MPO after ICH. Besides, Didymin treatment decreased the number of Caspase-1-positive microglia and GSDMD-positive microglia after ICH. Inversely, Locostatin, an Rkip-specific inhibitor, significantly abolished the anti-pyroptosis and anti-neuroinflammation effects of Didymin. Moreover, Rkip binding with Asc could interrupt the activation and assembly of the inflammasome. Mechanistically, inhibition of Caspase-1 by VX-765 attenuated brain injury and suppressed microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation by downregulation of GSDMD, mature IL-1β, TNF-α, and MPO based on Locostatin-treated ICH. Taken together, Didymin alleviated microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, at least in part through the Asc/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway via upregulating Rkip expression after ICH. Therefore, Didymin may be a potential agent to attenuate neuroinflammation via its anti-pyroptosis effect after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingui Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li K, Wang J, Chen L, Guo M, Zhou Y, Li X, Peng M. Netrin-1 Ameliorates Postoperative Delirium-Like Behavior in Aged Mice by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Restoring Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:751570. [PMID: 35095412 PMCID: PMC8797926 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.751570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious postoperative complication in elderly patients, and its underlying mechanism is elusive and without effective therapy at present. In recent years, the neuroinflammatory hypothesis has been developed in the pathogenesis of POD, in which the damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role. Netrin-1 (NTN-1), an axonal guidance molecule, has been reported to have strong inflammatory regulatory and neuroprotective effects. We applied NTN-1 (45 μg/kg) to aged mice using a POD model with a simple laparotomy to assess their systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation by detecting interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and high mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1) levels. We also assessed the reactive states of microglia and the permeability of the BBB by detecting cell junction proteins and the leakage of dextran. We found that a single dose of NTN-1 prophylaxis decreased the expression of IL-6 and HMGB-1 and upregulated the expression of IL-10 in the peripheral blood, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Nerin-1 reduced the activation of microglial cells in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and improved POD-like behavior. NTN-1 also attenuated the anesthesia/surgery-induced increase in BBB permeability by upregulating the expression of tight junction-associated proteins such as ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin. These findings confirm the anti-inflammatory and BBB protective effects of NTN-1 in an inflammatory environment in vivo and provide better insights into the pathophysiology and potential treatment of POD.
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Chen JTC, Schmidt L, Schürger C, Hankir MK, Krug SM, Rittner HL. Netrin-1 as a Multitarget Barrier Stabilizer in the Peripheral Nerve after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810090. [PMID: 34576252 PMCID: PMC8466625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–nerve barrier and myelin barrier normally shield peripheral nerves from potentially harmful insults. They are broken down during nerve injury, which contributes to neuronal damage. Netrin-1 is a neuronal guidance protein with various established functions in the peripheral and central nervous systems; however, its role in regulating barrier integrity and pain processing after nerve injury is poorly understood. Here, we show that chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Wistar rats reduced netrin-1 protein and the netrin-1 receptor neogenin-1 (Neo1) in the sciatic nerve. Replacement of netrin-1 via systemic or local administration of the recombinant protein rescued injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. This was prevented by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Neo1 in the sciatic nerve. Mechanistically, netrin-1 restored endothelial and myelin, but not perineural, barrier function as measured by fluorescent dye or fibrinogen penetration. Netrin-1 also reversed the decline in the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and claudin-19 in the sciatic nerve caused by CCI. Our findings emphasize the role of the endothelial and myelin barriers in pain processing after nerve damage and reveal that exogenous netrin-1 restores their function to mitigate CCI-induced hypersensitivity via Neo1. The netrin-1-neogenin-1 signaling pathway may thus represent a multi-target barrier protector for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Tsung-Chieh Chen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Lea Schmidt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Christina Schürger
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heike L. Rittner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-30251
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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Amoo M, Henry J, Pender N, Brennan P, Campbell M, Javadpour M. Blood-brain barrier permeability imaging as a predictor for delayed cerebral ischaemia following subarachnoid haemorrhage. A narrative review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:1457-1467. [PMID: 33404877 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to the myriad of complications contributing to early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischaemia. There is increasing interest in the exploration of the association between blood-brain barrier integrity and risks of delayed cerebral ischaemia and poor outcomes. Despite recent advances in cerebral imaging, radiographic imaging of blood-brain barrier disruption, as a biomarker for outcome prediction, has not been adopted in clinical practice. METHODS We performed a narrative review by searching for articles describing molecular changes or radiological identification of changes in BBB permeability following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) on MEDLINE. Preclinical studies were analysed if reported structural changes and clinical studies were included if they investigated for radiological markers of BBB disruption and its correlation with delayed cerebral ischaemia. RESULTS There is ample preclinical evidence to suggest that there are structural changes in BBB permeability following SAH. The available clinical literature has demonstrated correlations between permeability imaging and outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). CONCLUSION Radiological biomarkers offer a potential non-invasive prognostication tool and may also allow early identifications of patients who may be at risk of DCI.
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Xie Y, Guo Z, Chen F, Xiao C, Xu J, Bo D. Serum netrin-1 as a potential biomarker for functional outcome of traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:22-27. [PMID: 33741358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased serum netrin-1 concentrations have been found after acute brain injury. We investigated the role of serum netrin in prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS In this prospective and observational study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum netrin-1 concentrations in 50 mild TBI patients (Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, 13-15), 83 moderate TBI patients (GCS score, 9-12), 69 severe TBI patients (GCS score, 3-8) and 50 healthy controls. Glasgow outcome scale score of 1-3 at 6 months after trauma was defined as poor outcome. RESULTS Serum netrin-1 concentrations were significantly lower in moderate or severe TBI patients than in controls and in severe TBI patients than in moderate TBI patients, while not in mild TBI patients than in controls. GCS score and Rotterdam computed tomography classification were closely correlated with serum netrin-1 concentrations among TBI patients. Forty-two (20.8%) patients had poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that serum netrin-1 concentrations could distinguish patients with poor outcome from the other remainders significantly. In addition, serum netrin-1 concentrations were independently associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS Serum netrin-1 might serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhidong Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Liangzhu Hospital of Yuhang District of Hangzhou City, 1657 Moganshan Road, 311113 Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Bo
- Liangzhu Hospital of Yuhang District of Hangzhou City, 1657 Moganshan Road, 311113 Hangzhou, China
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13
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Sun J, Wu J, Hua F, Chen Y, Zhan F, Xu G. Sleep Deprivation Induces Cognitive Impairment by Increasing Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability via CD44. Front Neurol 2020; 11:563916. [PMID: 33329306 PMCID: PMC7728917 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.563916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation occurs frequently in older adults, which can result in delirium and cognitive impairment. CD44 is a key molecular in blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulation. However, whether CD44 participates in the role of sleep deprivation in cognitive impairment remains unclear. In this study, the effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive ability, tissue inflammation, BBB permeability, and astrocyte activity were evaluated in vivo. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing. A CD44 overexpression in the BBB model was performed in vitro to assess the effect and mechanisms of CD44. Sleep deprivation impaired the learning and memory ability and increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, along with increased BBB permeability and activated astrocytes in hippocampus tissue. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus tissue revealed that 329 genes were upregulated in sleep deprivation-induced mice compared to control mice, and 147 genes were downregulated. GO and pathways showed that DEGs were mainly involved in BBB permeability and astrocyte activation, including nervous system development, neuron development, and brain development, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Moreover, the PCR analysis revealed that CD44 was dramatically increased in mice with sleep deprivation induction. The overexpression of CD44 in astrocytes promoted BBB permeability in vitro and induced the expression of the downstream gene NANOG. Our results indicate that sleep deprivation upregulated CD44 expression in hippocampus tissue, and increased BBB permeability, resulting in cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jusheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fenfang Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Luo X, Li L, Zheng W, Gu L, Zhang X, Li Y, Xie Z, Cheng Y. HLY78 protects blood-brain barrier integrity through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Gao M, Lu W, Shu Y, Yang Z, Sun S, Xu J, Gan S, Zhu S, Qiu G, Zhuo F, Xu S, Wang Y, Chen J, Wu X, Huang J. Poldip2 mediates blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema by inducing AQP4 polarity loss in mouse bacterial meningitis model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1288-1302. [PMID: 32790044 PMCID: PMC7702237 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Specific highly polarized aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) expression is reported to play a crucial role in blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity and brain water transport balance. The upregulation of polymerase δ‐interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) was involved in aggravating BBB disruption following ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate whether Poldip2‐mediated BBB disruption and cerebral edema formation in mouse bacterial meningitis (BM) model occur via induction of AQP4 polarity loss. Methods and Results Mouse BM model was induced by injecting mice with group B hemolytic streptococci via posterior cistern. Recombinant human Poldip2 (rh‐Poldip2) was administered intranasally at 1 hour after BM induction. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) targeting Poldip2 was administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 48 hours before BM induction. A specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), UK383367, was administered intravenously at 0.5 hour before BM induction. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, neurobehavioral test, brain water content test, Evans blue (EB) permeability assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and gelatin zymography were carried out. The results showed that Poldip2 was upregulated and AQP4 polarity was lost in mouse BM model. Both Poldip2 siRNA and UK383367 improved neurobehavioral outcomes, alleviated brain edema, preserved the integrity of BBB, and relieved the loss of AQP4 polarity in BM model. Rh‐Poldip2 upregulated the expression of MMPs and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and downregulated the expression of β‐dystroglycan (β‐DG), zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), occludin, and claudin‐5; whereas Poldip2 siRNA downregulated the expression of MMPs and GFAP, and upregulated β‐DG, ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐5. Similarly, UK383367 downregulated the expression of GFAP and upregulated the expression of β‐DG, ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐5. Conclusion Poldip2 inhibition alleviated brain edema and preserved the integrity of BBB partially by relieving the loss of AQP4 polarity via MMPs/β‐DG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weitian Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Shu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanquan Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwei Gan
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujuan Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoping Qiu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Zhuo
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiye Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Camara R, Matei N, Camara J, Enkhjargal B, Tang J, Zhang JH. Hydrogen gas therapy improves survival rate and neurological deficits in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats: a pilot study. Med Gas Res 2020; 9:74-79. [PMID: 31249255 PMCID: PMC6607870 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.260648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity, high mortality, and significant shortage of effective therapies for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have created an urgency to discover novel therapies. Human studies in Asia have established the safety of hydrogen gas in the treatment of hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and cardiac diseases. Mechanistically, hydrogen gas has been shown to affect oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. We hypothesized that hydrogen therapy would improve neurological function and increase survival rate in SAH. High dose hydrogen gas (66% at 3 L/min) was administered for 2 hours at 0.5, 8, and 18 hours after SAH. This treatment increased 72-hour survival rate and provided 24-hour neuroprotection after SAH in rats. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that high dose hydrogen gas therapy reduces mortality and improves outcome after SAH. Our results correlate well with the proposed mechanisms of hydrogen gas therapy within the literature. We outline four pathways and downstream targets of hydrogen gas potentially responsible for our results. A potentially complex network of pathways responsible for the efficacy of hydrogen gas therapy, along with a limited mechanistic understanding of these pathways, justifies further investigation to provide a basis for clinical trials and the advancement of hydrogen gas therapy in humans. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Loma Linda University, USA (Approval No. 8160016) in May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Camara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Justin Camara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Department of Anesthesiology; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Zhao C, Ma J, Wang Z, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Chen G. Mfsd2a Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Sub-arachnoid Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Caveolae-Mediated Transcellular Transport in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1012-1027. [PMID: 31907728 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the critical mechanisms of brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Past studies have often focused on the tight junctions of endothelial cells. However, low transcellular transport levels also play an important role in the normal functioning of the BBB. Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) has been demonstrated to be essential for the maintenance of the normal BBB. Our present study aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of Mfsd2a in BBB disruption after SAH. In this study, a prechiasmatic cistern single-injection model was used to produce experimental SAH in Sprague-Dawley rats. Specific small-interfering RNA and plasmids were used to downregulate and upregulate the expression of Mfsd2a prior to assessments in our SAH model. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency diet was used to reduce DHA in rat brain. The expression level of Mfsd2a decreased significantly after SAH and reached its lowest level at 72 h post-SAH, which then gradually recovered. At 72 h after SAH, BBB function was disrupted; upregulation of Mfsd2a reversed this damage, whereas downregulation of Mfsd2a exacerbated this damage. These effects were primarily mediated through transcellular transport, especially for changes in caveolae compared to those of tight junctions. After stopping the supply of omega-3 fatty acids, the effect of Mfsd2a on inhibition of caveolae and protection of the blood-brain barrier was eliminated. Taken together, Mfsd2a inhibits caveolae-based transcellular transport by transporting omega-3 fatty acids to protect the BBB after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street,, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street,, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street,, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street,, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street,, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street,, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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18
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Li Y, Wu P, Bihl JC, Shi H. Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1168-1179. [PMID: 31903882 PMCID: PMC7770641 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200106154203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke with significant morbidity and mortality. Aneurysmal bleeding causes elevated intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow, global cerebral ischemia, brain edema, blood component extravasation, and accumulation of breakdown products. These post-SAH injuries can disrupt the integrity and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and brain tissues are directly exposed to the neurotoxic blood contents and immune cells, which leads to secondary brain injuries including inflammation and oxidative stress, and other cascades. Though the exact mechanisms are not fully clarified, multiple interconnected and/or independent signaling pathways have been reported to be involved in BBB disruption after SAH. In addition, alleviation of BBB disruption through various pathways or chemicals has a neuroprotective effect on SAH. Hence, BBB permeability plays an important role in the pathological course and outcomes of SAH. This review discusses the recent understandings of the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in BBB disruption after SAH, emphasizing the dysfunction of tight junctions and endothelial cells in the development of BBB disruption. The emerging molecular targets, including toll-like receptor 4, netrin-1, lipocalin-2, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B, and receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4, are also summarized in detail. Finally, we discussed the emerging treatments for BBB disruption after SAH and put forward our perspectives on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ji C. Bihl
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, 45435, USA; Tel: 011-01-9377755243; Fax: 011-01-9377757221; E-mail: and Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Tel: +86-15545107889; E-mail:
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, 45435, USA; Tel: 011-01-9377755243; Fax: 011-01-9377757221; E-mail: and Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Tel: +86-15545107889; E-mail:
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19
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Liang H, Ke DQ, Chen ZY, Li ZL, Huang X. Target inhibition of caspase-8 alleviates brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1283-1289. [PMID: 31960814 PMCID: PMC7047790 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome has been postulated to mediate inflammation during SAH. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caspase-8 inhibition on SAH injury and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms. In this study, a subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established by endovascular perforation process in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Z-IETD-FMK (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg; an inhibitor of caspase-8) was delivered via intravenous (tail vein) injection immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage. After 12 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage, western blot assay showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-8 was significantly increased at 12 hours, peaked at 24 hours, and then decreased at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that caspase-8 was expressed in microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The Morris water maze and rotarod test confirmed that Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities and motor coordination at 21–27 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Furthermore, inhibition of caspase-8 activation reduced the expression of pyrin domain-containing 3, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In conclusion, our findings suggest that caspase-8 inhibition alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injuries by suppressing inflammation. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (approval No. 2016-193) on February 25, 2016.
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NDP-MSH binding melanocortin-1 receptor ameliorates neuroinflammation and BBB disruption through CREB/Nr4a1/NF-κB pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:192. [PMID: 31660977 PMCID: PMC6816206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are two vital mechanisms of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r) activation by Nle4-D-Phe7-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) was shown to play a neuroprotective role in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. This study aimed to investigate whether NDP-MSH could alleviate neuroinflammation and BBB disruption after experimental ICH, as well as the potential mechanisms of its neuroprotective roles. Methods Two hundred and eighteen male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to autologous blood-injection ICH model. NDP-MSH, an agonist of Mc1r, was administered intraperitoneally injected at 1 h after ICH insult. To further explore the related protective mechanisms, Mc1r small interfering RNA (Mc1r siRNA) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (Nr4a1) siRNA were administered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection before ICH induction. Neurological test, BBB permeability, brain water content, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis were implemented. Results The Expression of Mc1r was significantly increased after ICH. Mc1r was mainly expressed in microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells following ICH. Treatment with NDP-MSH remarkably improved neurological function and reduced BBB disruption, brain water content, and the number of microglia in the peri-hematoma tissue after ICH. Meanwhile, the administration of NDP-MSH significantly reduced the expression of p-NF-κB p65, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 and increased the expression of p-CREB, Nr4a1, ZO-1, occludin, and Lama5. Inversely, the knockdown of Mc1r or Nr4a1 abolished the neuroprotective effects of NDP-MSH. Conclusions Taken together, NDP-MSH binding Mc1r attenuated neuroinflammation and BBB disruption and improved neurological deficits, at least in part through CREB/Nr4a1/NF-κB pathway after ICH.
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21
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He F, Dai R, Zhou X, Li X, Song X, Yan H, Meng Q, Yang C, Lin Q. Protective effect of 4-Methoxy benzyl alcohol on the neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109260. [PMID: 31548176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major cause of ischemic stroke (IS) deterioration. Considering the intricate mechanism of the pathological process of CIRI, most drugs only work on one target. The neurovascular unit (NVU) puts forward the concept of neuroprotection from nerve protection to global stabilization. The NVU plays an important role in maintaining the brain microenvironment. This would promote neuronal survival and overall neurological recovery, which would likely lead to the reduction of mortality rate. Previous studies have shown that 4-methoxy benzyl alcohol (4-MA) ameliorated neurological score and cerebral infarct volume and reduced the concentration of Evans blue (EB) in brain tissue. In this research, we investigated the effects of 4-MA on NVU microenvironment improvement in rats impaired by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). METHODS First, we established a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) so as to use Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluating the NVU's protection of 4-MA. Then we established a primary cortical neuron model of oxygen glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) with the objective of identifying whether 4-MA exhibited anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons. RESULTS NVU ultra structural changes were improved by 4-MA. Immunofluorescence and western blot showed that 4-MA protected NVUs through enhancement of the expression of the symbolic neuronal proteins Microtubule Associated Protein-2(MAP-2), and attenuation of protein expression of Asy symbolic protein Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein(GFAP). Furthermore, in the OGD/R model of I/R injury in vitro, 4-MA significantly increased Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Nitric Oxide(NO), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), decreased Bcl-2-Associated X(Bax) and increased Bcl-2/Bax. CONCLUSION 4-MA can play the role of anti-ischemic stroke drug by ameliorating the microenvironment of NVUs while its neuroprotective effects will contribute towards the inhibition of the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuelan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hanwen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingting Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Ethnic Drug Screening & Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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22
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Sun C, Enkhjargal B, Reis C, Zhang T, Zhu Q, Zhou K, Xie Z, Wu L, Tang J, Jiang X, Zhang JH. Osteopontin-Enhanced Autophagy Attenuates Early Brain Injury via FAK-ERK Pathway and Improves Long-Term Outcome after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090980. [PMID: 31461955 PMCID: PMC6769958 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) enhances autophagy, reduces apoptosis, and attenuates early brain injury (EBI) after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A total of 87 Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to sham or SAH operations to further investigate the signaling pathway involved in osteopontin-enhanced autophagy during EBI, and the potential effect of recombinant OPN (rOPN) administration to improve long-term outcomes after SAH. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SAH + Vehicle (PBS, phosphate-buffered saline), SAH + rOPN (5 μg/rat recombinant OPN), SAH + rOPN + Fib-14 (30 mg/kg of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor-14), and SAH + rOPN + DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Short-term and long-term neurobehavior tests were performed, followed by a collection of brain samples for assessment of autophagy markers in neurons, pathway proteins expression, and delayed hippocampal injury. Western blot, double immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, and Fluoro-Jade C staining assay were used. Results showed that rOPN administration increased autophagy in neurons and improved neurobehavior in a rat model of SAH. With the administration of FAK inhibitor-14 (Fib-14), neurobehavioral improvement and autophagy enhancement induced by rOPN were abolished, and there were consistent changes in the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. In addition, early administration of rOPN in rat SAH models improved long-term neurobehavior results, possibly by alleviating hippocampal injury. These results suggest that FAK–ERK signaling may be involved in OPN-enhanced autophagy in the EBI phase after SAH. Early administration of rOPN may be a preventive and therapeutic strategy against delayed brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Sun
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou 510282, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Qiquan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Zhiyi Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou 510282, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, CA 92354, USA.
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Chen JL, Yuan DH, Yang SJ, Gu C, Zhou HS, Shao GF. Serum netrin-1 serves as a prognostic biomarker of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:294-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun L, Ju T, Wang T, Zhang L, Ding F, Zhang Y, An R, Sun Y, Li Y, Lu Y, Zhang X, Chi L. Decreased Netrin-1 and Correlated Th17/Tregs Balance Disorder in Aβ 1-42 Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:124. [PMID: 31191297 PMCID: PMC6548067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating that inflammation represents a key pathological component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A possible factor that may contribute to this process is netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. This molecule has been shown to exert an unexpected immunomodulatory function. However, the potential changes and correlations of netrin-1 with T helper 17/regulatory T cells (Th17/Tregs) as related to inflammation in AD has yet to be examined. In this study, netrin-1 and Th17/Tregs balance were investigated, and the relationship among netrin-1, Th17/Tregs and cognitive function were analyzed in a rat model of AD. In this model, a bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1–42) was used to produce spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as increased neuronal apoptosis, which were detected 7 days after injection for AD7d group and 14 days for AD14d group. Netrin-1 concentrations were significantly down regulated in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these AD rats, effects which were strongly correlated with cognitive deficits. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and deceased IL-10 were observed in both the circulation and CSF and were also correlated with the percent of time spent in the target quadrant of AD in these rats. These changes resulted in netrin-1 concentrations being negatively correlated with IL-17 but positively correlated with IL-10 concentrations in the serum and CSF. We also found that the Th17/Tregs balance was disrupted in these AD rats. Collectively, these findings reveal that the reduction in netrin-1 and the correlated disruption of Th17/Tregs balance in AD rats may diminish the immunosuppressive effect of netrin-1 on Th17/Tregs in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ju
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feifan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yidan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Chi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Xia M, Chen W, Wang J, Yin Y, Guo C, Li C, Li M, Tang X, Jia Z, Hu R, Liu X, Feng H. TRPA1 Activation-Induced Myelin Degradation Plays a Key Role in Motor Dysfunction After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:98. [PMID: 31057367 PMCID: PMC6478672 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease that is characterized by high morbidity and high mortality. ICH has an annual incidence of 10-30/100,000 people and accounts for approximately 10%-30% of all types of stroke. ICH mostly occurs at the basal ganglia, which is rich in nerve fibers; thus, hemiplegia is quite common in ICH patients with partial sensory disturbance and ectopic blindness. In the clinic, those symptoms are considered to originate from the white matter injury in the area, but the exact mechanisms are unknown, and currently, no effective drug treatments are available to improve the prognosis. Clarifying the mechanisms will contribute to the development of new treatment methods for patients. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a non-selective cation channel that plays a role in inflammatory pain sensation and nociception and may be a potential regulator in emotion, cognition and social behavior. Here, we report that TRPA1 is involved in myelin damage and oxidative stress injury in a mouse ICH model. Intervention with the TRPA1 channel may be a new method to improve the motor function of patients in the early stage of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengcai Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bohannon DG, Ko A, Filipowicz AR, Kuroda MJ, Kim WK. Dysregulation of sonic hedgehog pathway and pericytes in the brain after lentiviral infection. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:86. [PMID: 30981282 PMCID: PMC6461821 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been associated with cognitive decline in many CNS diseases, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Recent research suggests an important role for the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in the maintenance of BBB integrity under both physiological and pathological conditions. METHODS In the present study, we sought to examine the expression of Shh and its downstream effectors in relation to brain pericytes and BBB integrity in HIV-infected humans and rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an animal model of HIV infection and CNS disease. Cortical brain tissues from uninfected (n = 4) and SIV-infected macaques with (SIVE, n = 6) or without encephalitis (SIVnoE, n = 4) were examined using multi-label, semi-quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of Shh, netrin-1, tight junction protein zona occludens 1 (ZO1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD163, platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (PDGFRB), glucose transporter 1, fibrinogen, and SIV Gag p28. RESULTS While Shh presence in the brain persisted during HIV/SIV infection, both netrin-1 immunoreactivity and the size of PDGFRB+ pericytes, a cellular source of netrin-1, were increased around non-lesion-associated vessels in encephalitis compared to uninfected brain or brain without encephalitis, but were completely absent in encephalitic lesions. Hypertrophied pericytes were strongly localized in areas of fibrinogen extravasation and showed the presence of intracellular SIVp28 and HIVp24 by immunofluorescence in all SIV and HIV encephalitis cases examined, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The lack of pericytes and netrin-1 in encephalitic lesions, in line with downregulation of ZO1 on the fenestrated endothelium, suggests that pericyte loss, despite the strong presence of Shh, contributes to HIV/SIV-induced BBB disruption and neuropathogenesis in HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G. Bohannon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall 3174, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA
| | - Allen Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall 3174, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA
| | - Adam R. Filipowicz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall 3174, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA
| | - Marcelo J. Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall 3174, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA
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Mo J, Enkhjargal B, Travis ZD, Zhou K, Wu P, Zhang G, Zhu Q, Zhang T, Peng J, Xu W, Ocak U, Chen Y, Tang J, Zhang J, Zhang JH. AVE 0991 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via Mas/PKA/CREB/UCP-2 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Redox Biol 2019; 20:75-86. [PMID: 30296700 PMCID: PMC6174866 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis have been demonstrated to be key features in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies have indicated that Mas receptor activation initiates an anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic role in the brain. However, whether Mas activation can attenuate oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after SAH remains unknown. To investigate the beneficial effect of Mas on oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH, a total of 196 rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation model of SAH. AVE 0991 (AVE), a selective agonist of Mas, was administered intranasally 1 h after SAH induction. A779, a selective inhibitor of Mas, and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for UCP-2 were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 1 h and 48 h before SAH induction respectively. Neurological tests, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade C, DHE staining, and Western blot experiments were performed. We found that Mas activation with AVE significantly improved neurobehavioral scores and reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in SAH+AVE group compared with SAH+vehicle group. Moreover, AVE treatment significantly promoted phosphorylation of CREB and the expression UCP-2, as well as upregulated expression of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Romo-1 and Bax. The protective effects of AVE were reversed by i.c.v injection of A779 and UCP-2 siRNA in SAH+AVE+A779 and SAH+AVE+UCP-2 siRNA groups, respectively. In conclusion, our data provides evidence that Mas activation with AVE reduces oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis through Mas/PKA/p-CREB/UCP-2 pathway after SAH. Furthermore, our study indicates that Mas may be a novel therapeutic treatment target in early brain injury of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Qiquan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Yang Y, Zhang K, Zhong J, Wang J, Yu Z, Lei X, Chen X, Quan Y, Xian J, Chen Y, Liu X, Feng H, Tan L. Stably maintained microtubules protect dopamine neurons and alleviate depression-like behavior after intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12647. [PMID: 30140021 PMCID: PMC6107628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system lesion plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression, and our previous study demonstrated that reduced microtubule (MT) stability aggravated nigrostriatal pathway impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to further investigate the occurrence regularity of depression-like behavior after ICH and determine whether maintaining MT stabilization could protect DA neurons in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and alleviate depression-like behavior after ICH. An intrastriatal injection of 20 μl of autologous blood or MT depolymerization reagent nocodazole (Noco) was used to mimic the pathology of ICH model in mice. The concentration of DA, number of DA neurons and acetylated α-tubulin (a marker for stable MT) in VTA were checked, and depression-related behavior tests were performed after ICH. A MT-stabilizing agent, epothilone B (EpoB), was administered to explore the effects of MT stabilization on DA neurons and depression-like behavior after ICH. The results showed that obvious depression-like behavior occurred at 7, 14, and 28 days (P < 0.01) after ICH. These time-points were related to significant decreases in the concentration of DA (P < 0.01) and number of DA neurons (P < 0.01) in VTA. Moreover, The decrease of acetylated α-tubulin expression after ICH and Noco injection contributed to DA neurons' impairment in VTA, and Noco injecton also aggravate ICH-induced depression-like behaviors and DA neurons' injury. Furthermore, EpoB treatment significantly ameliorated ICH and Noco-induced depression-like behaviors (P < 0.05) and increased the concentration of DA (P < 0.05) and number of DA neurons (P < 0.05) in VTA by increasing the level of acetylated α-tubulin. The results indicate that EpoB can protect DA neurons by enhancing MT stability, and alleviate post-ICH depressive behaviors. This MT-targeted therapeutic strategy shows promise as a bench-to-bedside translational method for treating depression after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- Battalion 3 of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Yulian Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Jishu Xian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China.
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 29 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, China.
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Qian H, Dou Z, Ruan W, He P, Zhang JH, Yan F. ErbB4 Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via the YAP/PIK3CB Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:492. [PMID: 30087588 PMCID: PMC6066511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to the pathogenesis of early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 can cause intramembrane proteolysis and release a soluble intracellular domain (ICD) that modulates transcription in the nucleus. This study was carried out to investigate the potential roles of ErbB4 in preserving BBB integrity after experimental SAH, as well as the underlying mechanisms of its protective effects. Endovascular perforation was used to prepare a rat SAH model. The SAH grade, neurological score, brain edema and BBB permeability were evaluated after surgery. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the localization of ErbB4 and yes-associated protein (YAP). ErbB4 activator Nrg1 isoform β1 (Nrg1β1), Specific ErbB4 siRNA, YAP siRNA and PIK3CB specific inhibitor TGX 221 were used to manipulate the proposed pathway. The expression levels of ErbB4 ICD and YAP were markly increased after SAH. Double immunohistochemistry labeling showed that ErbB4 and YAP were expressed in endothelial cells and neurons. Activation of ErbB4 by Nrg1β1 (dosage 150 ng/kg) treatment promoted the neurobehavioral deficit, alleviated the brain water content and reduced albumin leakage 24 and 72 h after SAH. ErbB4 activation significantly promoted YAP and PIK3CB activity and increased the expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-5. Depletion of ErbB4 aggravated neurological impairment and BBB disruption after SAH. The beneficial effects of ErbB4 activation were abolished by YAP small-interfering RNA and specific PIK3CB inhibitor. Activation of ErbB4 improved neurological performance after SAH through the YAP/PIK3CB signaling pathway, this neuroprotective effects may associated with BBB maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingyou He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1992-2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Aggf1 attenuates neuroinflammation and BBB disruption via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:178. [PMID: 29885663 PMCID: PMC5994242 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are two critical mechanisms of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced brain injury, which are closely related to patient prognosis. Recently, angiogenic factor with G-patch and FHA domain 1 (Aggf1) was shown to inhibit inflammatory effect and preserve vascular integrity in non-nervous system diseases. This study aimed to determine whether Aggf1 could attenuate neuroinflammation and preserve BBB integrity after experimental SAH, as well as the underlying mechanisms of its protective roles. Methods Two hundred forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH. Recombinant human Aggf1 (rh-Aggf1) was administered intravenously via tail vein injection at 1 h after SAH induction. To investigate the underlying neuroprotection mechanism, Aggf1 small interfering RNA (Aggf1 siRNA) and PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 were administered through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) before SAH induction. SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, BBB permeability, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results Expression of endogenous Aggf1 was markedly increased after SAH. Aggf1 was primarily expressed in endothelial cells and astrocytes, as well as microglia after SAH. Administration of rh-Aggf1 significantly reduced brain water content and BBB permeability, decreased the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils, and activated microglia in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex following SAH. Furthermore, rh-Aggf1 treatment improved both short- and long-term neurological functions after SAH. Meanwhile, exogenous rh-Aggf1 significantly increased the expression of PI3K, p-Akt, VE-cadherin, Occludin, and Claudin-5, as well as decreased the expression of p-NF-κB p65, albumin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, and IL-1β. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous Aggf1 aggravated BBB breakdown, inflammatory response and neurological impairments at 24 h after SAH. Additionally, the protective roles of rh-Aggf1 were abolished by LY294002. Conclusions Taken together, exogenous Aggf1 treatment attenuated neuroinflammation and BBB disruption, improved neurological deficits after SAH in rats, at least in part through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1211-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Brudvig JJ, Cain JT, Schmidt-Grimminger GG, Stumpo DJ, Roux KJ, Blackshear PJ, Weimer JM. MARCKS Is Necessary for Netrin-DCC Signaling and Corpus Callosum Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8388-8402. [PMID: 29546593 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Axons of the corpus callosum (CC), the white matter tract that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, receive instruction from a number of chemoattractant and chemorepulsant cues during their initial navigation towards and across the midline. While it has long been known that the CC is malformed in the absence of Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), evidence for a direct role of MARCKS in axon navigation has been lacking. Here, we show that MARCKS is necessary for Netrin-1 (NTN1) signaling through the DCC receptor, which is critical for axon guidance decisions. Marcks null (Marcks-/-) neurons fail to respond to exogenous NTN1 and are deficient in markers of DCC activation. Without MARCKS, the subcellular distributions of two critical mediators of NTN1-DCC signaling, the tyrosine kinases PTK2 and SRC, are disrupted. Together, this work establishes a novel role for MARCKS in axon dynamics and highlights the necessity of MARCKS as an organizer of DCC signaling at the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - J T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | | | - D J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - K J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - P J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.
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Xie Z, Huang L, Enkhjargal B, Reis C, Wan W, Tang J, Cheng Y, Zhang JH. Recombinant Netrin-1 binding UNC5B receptor attenuates neuroinflammation and brain injury via PPARγ/NFκB signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:190-202. [PMID: 29162556 PMCID: PMC5894358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an essential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced brain injury. Recently, Netrin-1 (NTN-1) is well established to exert anti-inflammatory property in non-nervous system diseases through inhibiting infiltration of neutrophil. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of NTN-1 on neuroinflammation, and the potential mechanism in a rat model of SAH. Two hundred and ninety-four male Sprague Dawley rats (weight 280-330 g) were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH. Recombinant human NTN-1 (rh-NTN-1) was administered intravenously. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of NTN-1 and UNC5B, and a selective PPARγ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) were applied. Post-SAH evaluations included neurobehavioral function, brain water content, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that endogenous NTN-1 and its receptor UNC5B level were increased after SAH. Administration of rh-NTN-1 reduced brain edema, ameliorated neurological impairments, and suppressed microglia activation after SAH, which were concomitant with PPARγ activation, inhibition of NFκB, and decrease in TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO). Knockdown of endogenous NTN-1 increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and MPO, and aggravated neuroinflammation and brain edema. Moreover, knockdown of UNC5B using specific siRNA and inhibition of PPARγ with BADGE blocked the protective effects of rh-NTN-1. In conclusion, our findings indicated that exogenous rh-NTN-1 treatment attenuated neuroinflammation and neurological impairments through inhibiting microglia activation after SAH in rats, which is possibly mediated by UNC5B/PPARγ/NFκB signaling pathway. Exogenous NTN-1 may be a novel therapeutic agent to ameliorating early brain injury via its anti-inflammation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Weifeng Wan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA,Corresponding author: John H. Zhang, MD, PhD, Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus St, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. Tel: 909-558-4723; Fax: 909-558-0119; , Yuan Cheng, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China. Tel: +8623-63693539; Fax: +8623-63693871;
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Huang H, Lin F, Jiang J, Chen Y, Mei A, Zhu P. Effects of intra-arterial transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells on the expression of netrin-1 and its receptor DCC in the peri-infarct cortex after experimental stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:223. [PMID: 29017609 PMCID: PMC5633888 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation has been documented to promote functional recovery in animal models of stroke; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. As netrin-1 and its receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) are important regulators in neuronal and vascular activities, the present study attempted to explore whether netrin-1 and DCC are involved in the neuroprotection of stem cell-based therapies in a rat ischemic stroke model. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and subsequently received an intra-arterial injection of 2 × 106 PKH26-labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or saline 24 h later. Neurological function was evaluated by behavioral tests before the rats were sacrificed at days 7 and 14 after MCAO. The migration of ADSCs and regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of netrin-1 and DCC was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results ADSC transplantation significantly improved the neurological recovery at days 7 and 14, and noticeably promoted the regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex at day 14. PKH26-labeled ADSCs located mainly in the peri-infarct area at days 7 and 14. In ADSC-treated rats, the expression of netrin-1 and DCC significantly increased in the peri-infarct cortex at days 7 and 14. Immunofluorescence staining showed that netrin-1 was mainly expressed by neuronal perikaryal in the peri-infarct cortex, and DCC was mainly expressed by neuronal fibers and was present around the blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex. Conclusions These findings suggest that ADSC transplantation facilitates the regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex and improves neurological functions, which may be attributed, at least in part, to the involvement of upregulated netrin-1 and DCC in the remodeling of neuronal and vascular networks in the peri-infarct cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ainong Mei
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China. .,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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