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Buch MH, Mallat Z, Dweck MR, Tarkin JM, O'Regan DP, Ferreira V, Youngstein T, Plein S. Current understanding and management of cardiovascular involvement in rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:614-634. [PMID: 39232242 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a spectrum of disorders of overlapping immunopathogenesis, with a prevalence of up to 10% in Western populations and increasing incidence in developing countries. Although targeted treatments have revolutionized the management of rheumatic IMIDs, cardiovascular involvement confers an increased risk of mortality and remains clinically under-recognized. Cardiovascular pathology is diverse across rheumatic IMIDs, ranging from premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which comprises myocardial microvascular dysfunction, vasculitis, myocarditis and pericarditis, and heart failure. Epidemiological and clinical data imply that rheumatic IMIDs and associated cardiovascular disease share common inflammatory mechanisms. This concept is strengthened by emergent trials that indicate improved cardiovascular outcomes with immune modulators in the general population with ASCVD. However, not all disease-modifying therapies that reduce inflammation in IMIDs such as rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate equally beneficial cardiovascular effects, and the evidence base for treatment of inflammatory cardiomyopathy in patients with rheumatic IMIDs is lacking. Specific diagnostic protocols for the early detection and monitoring of cardiovascular involvement in patients with IMIDs are emerging but are in need of ongoing development. This Review summarizes current concepts on the potentially targetable inflammatory mechanisms of cardiovascular pathology in rheumatic IMIDs and discusses how these concepts can be considered for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular involvement across rheumatic IMIDs, with an emphasis on the potential of cardiovascular imaging for risk stratification, early detection and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya H Buch
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Chancellors Building, Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jason M Tarkin
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Taryn Youngstein
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
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Kim YS, Hong JB, Kim H, Sheen SH, Han IB, Kim JG, Jeun SS, Sohn S. The Relationship between Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis and Congestive Heart Failure: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study in Korea. J Pers Med 2024; 14:615. [PMID: 38929836 PMCID: PMC11204740 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this nationwide longitudinal cohort study is to determine the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) associated with a seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population in Korea. Methods: In this study, National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) data from 2002 to 2003 were used. The cohort was followed up with for 12 years until December of 2015. Seropositive RA was defined as a patient prescribed with a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) among patients with the International Classification of Diseases code M05 (seropositive RA). Patients who were diagnosed before 2004 were excluded. The seropositive RA group consisted of 2765 patients, and a total of 13,825 patients were in the control group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the 12-year CHF incidence rate for each group. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio of CHF. Results: The hazard ratio of CHF in the seropositive RA group was 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-4.14) after adjusting for age and sex. The adjusted hazard ratio of CHF in the seropositive RA group was 2.50 (95% CI: 1.45-4.30) after adjusting for age, sex, income, and comorbidities. In females aged ≥65 and aged <65, the incidence rates in the non-hypertension, non-diabetes mellitus, and non-dyslipidemia subgroups were significantly higher in the seropositive RA group than in the control group. Conclusions: This nationwide longitudinal cohort study shows an increased risk of CHF in patients with seropositive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Song Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Beom Hong
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakyung Kim
- Genome & Health Big Data Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Sheen
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.)
| | - In-bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.)
| | - Jeong Gyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheongju St. Mary’s Hospital, Cheongju-si 17319, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Sohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.)
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Kadier K, Dilixiati D, Zhang X, Li H, Kuang L, Huang J, Cai X, Ling T, Kong F, Liu X. Rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of heart failure: results from the cross-sectional study in the US population and mendelian randomization analysis in the European population. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377432. [PMID: 38863716 PMCID: PMC11165030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Among its various complications, heart failure (HF) has been recognized as the second leading cause of cardiovascular death in RA patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between RA and HF using epidemiological and genetic approaches. Methods The study included 37,736 participants from the 1999-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between RA and HF in the US population were assessed with weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to establish the causal relationship between the two variables. The primary analysis method utilized was inverse variance weighting (IVW). Additionally, horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were assessed to account for potential confounding factors. In cases where multiple independent datasets were accessible during MR analysis, we combined the findings through a meta-analytical approach. Results In observational studies, the prevalence of HF in combination with RA reached 7.11% (95%CI 5.83 to 8.39). RA was positively associated with an increased prevalence of HF in the US population [odds ratio (OR):1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.47-2.54, P < 0.0001]. In a MR analysis utilizing a meta-analytical approach to amalgamate the results of the IVW method, we identified a significant causal link between genetically predicted RA and a heightened risk of HF (OR = 1.083, 95% CI: 1.028-1.141; P = 0.003). However, this association was not deemed significant for seronegative RA (SRA) (OR = 1.028, 95% CI: 0.992-1.065; P = 0.126). These findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses and did not indicate any horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusion RA correlates with an elevated prevalence of HF within the US population. Furthermore, genetic evidence derived from European populations underscores a causal link between RA and the risk of HF. However this association was not significant in SRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisaierjiang Kadier
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Diliyaer Dilixiati
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Chongqing Reproductive Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Kuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital (Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintian Cai
- Department of Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yan J, Yang S, Han L, Ba X, Shen P, Lin W, Li T, Zhang R, Huang Y, Huang Y, Qin K, Wang Y, Tu S, Chen Z. Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the possible mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254753. [PMID: 37954591 PMCID: PMC10634280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, of which the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in RA decrease especially under hyperinflammatory conditions. It is conflictive with the increased risk of CVD in RA, which is called "lipid paradox". The systemic inflammation may explain this apparent contradiction. The increased systemic proinflammatory cytokines in RA mainly include interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-1(IL-1)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α). The inflammation of RA cause changes in the subcomponents and structure of HDL particles, leading to a weakened anti-atherosclerosis function and promoting LDL oxidation and plaque formation. Dysfunctional HDL can further worsen the abnormalities of LDL metabolism, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific mechanisms underlying lipid changes in RA and increased CVD risk remain unclear. Therefore, this article comprehensively integrates the latest existing literature to describe the unique lipid profile of RA, explore the mechanisms of lipid changes, and investigate the impact of lipid changes on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Myasoedova E, Kurmann RD, Achenbach SJ, Wright K, Arment CA, Dunlay SM, Davis JM, Crowson CS. Trends in Incidence of Chronic Heart Failure in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Study Validating Different Heart Failure Definitions. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:881-888. [PMID: 36921969 PMCID: PMC10330020 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.221170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in the incidence of heart failure (HF) in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from 1980 to 2009 and to compare different HF definitions in RA. METHODS The study population comprised Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with incident RA (age ≥ 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria met in 1980-2009). All subjects were followed until death, migration, or April 30, 2019. Incident HF events were defined as follows: (1) meeting the Framingham criteria for HF, (2) diagnosis of HF (outpatient or inpatient) by a physician, or (3) International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), or ICD, 10th revision (ICD-10), codes for HF. Patients with HF prior to the RA incidence/index date were excluded. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare incident HF events by decade, adjusting for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. HF definitions 2 and 3 were compared to the Framingham criteria. RESULTS The study included 905 patients with RA (mean age 55.9 years; 68.6% female; median follow-up 13.4 years). The 10-year cumulative incidence of HF events by any chart-reviewed method in the RA cohort in the 1980s was 11.66% (95% CI 7.86-17.29), in the 1990s it was 12.64% (95% CI 9.31-17.17), and in the 2000s it was 7.67% (95% CI 5.36-10.97). The incidence of HF did not change across the decades of RA incidence using any of the HF definitions. Physician diagnosis of HF and ICD-9/10 code-based definitions of HF performed well compared to the Framingham criteria, showing moderate to high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION The incidence of HF in patients with incident RA in the 2000s vs the 1980s was not statistically significantly different. Physician diagnosis of HF and ICD-9/10 codes for HF performed well against the Framingham criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Myasoedova
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Reto D Kurmann
- R.D. Kurmann, MD, Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland, and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Circulatory Failure, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- S.J. Achenbach, MS, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kerry Wright
- K.Wright, MBBS, C.A. Arment, MD, J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Courtney A Arment
- K.Wright, MBBS, C.A. Arment, MD, J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shannon M Dunlay
- S.M. Dunlay, MD, MS, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Circulatory Failure, Mayo Clinic, and Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Davis
- K.Wright, MBBS, C.A. Arment, MD, J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- C.S. Crowson, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Wang M, Mei K, Chao C, Di D, Qian Y, Wang B, Zhang X. Rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of heart failure-current evidence from genome-wide association studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1154271. [PMID: 37288294 PMCID: PMC10242133 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is related to increased incidence of heart failure (HF), but the underlying association remains unclear. In this study, the potential association of RA and HF was clarified using Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods Genetic tools for RA, HF, autoimmune disease (AD), and NT-proBNP were acquired from genome-wide studies without population overlap. The inverse variance weighting method was employed for MR analysis. Meanwhile, the results were verified in terms of reliability by using a series of analyses and assessments. Results According to MR analysis, its genetic susceptibility to RA may lead to increased risk of heart failure (OR=1.02226, 95%CI [1.005495-1.039304], P=0.009067), but RA was not associated with NT-proBNP. In addition, RA was a type of AD, and the genetic susceptibility of AD had a close relation to increased risk of heart failure (OR=1.045157, 95%CI [1.010249-1.081272], P=0.010825), while AD was not associated with NT-proBNP. In addition, the MR Steiger test revealed that RA was causal for HF and not the opposite (P = 0.000). Conclusion The causal role of RA in HF was explored to recognize the underlying mechanisms of RA and facilitate comprehensive HF evaluation and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Wang
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Xiaoying Zhang,
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Faxén J, Benson L, Mantel Ä, Savarese G, Hage C, Dahlström U, Askling J, Lund LH, Andersson DC. Associations between rheumatoid arthritis, incident heart failure, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Am Heart J 2023; 259:42-51. [PMID: 36773746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent risk factor for heart failure (HF). Yet, the association between RA and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in incident HF is not well studied, nor are outcomes of HF in RA by LVEF. METHODS We identified incident HF patients between 2003 and 2018 through the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, enriched with data from national health registers. Using logistic regression, associations between a prior diagnosis of RA and LVEF among HF patients and vs age, sex, and geographical area matched general population controls without HF were assessed. Additionally, associations between HF with vs without a prior diagnosis of RA, by LVEF, and outcomes up to 5 years after HF diagnosis were investigated using Cox regression. LVEF was primarily dichotomized at 40% and secondarily categorized as <40%, 40% to 49%, and ≥50%. Covariates included demographics and cardiovascular comorbidities. RESULTS Among 20,916 incident HF patients, 331 (1.6%) had RA vs 1,047/103,501 (1.0%) of HF-free controls. The odds ratio (OR) for RA was 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.8) in LVEF<40% vs HF-free controls and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-2.0) in LVEF≥40% vs HF-free controls. Among HF patients, RA was more common in HF with LVEF ≥40% (1.9%) vs LVEF<40% (1.3%), corresponding to OR 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.7). No associations between RA and cardiovascular outcomes were observed across LVEF. An association between RA and all-cause mortality was observed only for patients with LVEF<40% (hazard ratio: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). CONCLUSIONS RA was independently associated with incident HF, particularly HF with LVEF≥40%. RA did not associate with cardiovascular outcomes following HF diagnosis but was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in HF with LVEF<40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Faxén
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lina Benson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ängla Mantel
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hage
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlström
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Huang S, Cai T, Weber BN, He Z, Dahal KP, Hong C, Hou J, Seyok T, Cagan A, DiCarli MF, Joseph J, Kim SC, Solomon DH, Cai T, Liao KP. Association Between Inflammation, Incident Heart Failure, and Heart Failure Subtypes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1036-1045. [PMID: 34623035 PMCID: PMC8989720 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are limited data on risk factors for the clinical heart failure (HF) subtypes of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study examined the association between inflammation and incident HF subtypes in RA. Because inflammation changes over time with disease activity, we hypothesized that the effect of inflammation may be stronger at the 5-year follow-up than at the standard 10-year follow-up from general population studies of cardiovascular risk. METHODS We studied an electronic health record (EHR)-based RA cohort with data pre- and post-RA incidence. We applied a validated approach to identify HF and extract ejection fraction to classify HFrEF and HFpEF. Follow-up started from the RA incidence date (index date) to the earliest occurrence of incident HF, death, last EHR encounter, or 10 years. Baseline inflammation was assessed using erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein values. Covariates included demographic characteristics, established HF risk factors, and RA-related factors. We tested the association between baseline inflammation with incident HF and its subtypes using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS We studied 9,087 patients with RA; 8.2% developed HF during 10 years of follow-up. Elevated inflammation was associated with increased risk for HF at both 5- and 10-year follow-ups (hazard ratio [HR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12-2.46 and HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13-1.90, respectively), which is also seen for HFpEF at 5 years (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.09-2.70) and 10 years (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.94). HFrEF was not associated with inflammation for either follow-up time. CONCLUSION Elevated inflammation early in RA diagnosis was associated with HF; this association was driven by HFpEF and not HFrEF, suggesting a window of opportunity for prevention of HFpEF in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Huang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
- Section of Rheumatology
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
| | - Tianrun Cai
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
| | - Brittany N. Weber
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Cardiovascular Division
| | - Zeling He
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
| | - Kumar P. Dahal
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
| | - Chuan Hong
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Jue Hou
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Thany Seyok
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
| | - Andrew Cagan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham
| | - Marcelo F. DiCarli
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Cardiovascular Division
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
- Cardiovascular Division
| | - Seoyoung C. Kim
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics
| | - Daniel H. Solomon
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Katherine P. Liao
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity
- Section of Rheumatology
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School
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Farhat H, Irfan H, Muthiah K, Pallipamu N, Taheri S, Thiagaraj SS, Shukla TS, Gutlapalli SD, Giva S, Penumetcha SS. Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e32308. [PMID: 36632250 PMCID: PMC9827945 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition in which the body's joints are attacked by the immune system, leaving the patient disabled in severe cases, with irreversible joint damage and a lower quality of life. RA patients are more likely to develop cardiovascular (CV) disease, which increases their risk of morbidity and mortality. This study systematically reviews various CV diseases that might occur with RA including heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiac death, venous thromboembolism, and valvular diseases. The relation between these complications and RA is specifically assessed. Systematic search was carried out on literature reporting the risk of each of the CV diseases in RA patients from databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Google Scholar using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH). Our keywords were mainly "cardiovascular diseases" and "arthritis and rheumatoid". We found a total of 33 articles reporting each CV comorbidity. Interestingly, a wide spectrum of CV diseases is reported in patients with RA. Many tools were implemented in the diagnosis of each disease such as carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis and echocardiography for HF. We confirmed that RA is associated with an increased risk of different CV events, and prophylactic measures should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Farhat
- Cardiology and Rheumatology, University of Balamand, Beirut, LBN
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Huma Irfan
- Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kanmani Muthiah
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Namratha Pallipamu
- Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health, Lafayette, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sogand Taheri
- Medical Science, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Suvedha S Thiagaraj
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Twisha S Shukla
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sheiniz Giva
- Neonatology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, IRL
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sai Sri Penumetcha
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- General Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
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10
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Beydoun N, Feinstein MJ. Heart Failure in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions: Mechanistic Insights from Clinical Heterogeneity. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:267-278. [PMID: 35838874 PMCID: PMC9283814 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The balance between inflammation and its resolution plays an important and increasingly appreciated role in heart failure (HF) pathogenesis. In humans, different chronic inflammatory conditions and immune-inflammatory responses to infection can lead to diverse HF manifestations. Reviewing the phenotypic and mechanistic diversity of these HF presentations offers useful clinical and scientific insights. RECENT FINDINGS HF risk is increased in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and relates to disease severity. Inflammatory condition-specific HF manifestations exist and underlying pathophysiologic causes may differ across conditions. Although inflammatory disease-specific presentations of HF differ, chronic excess in inflammation and auto-inflammation relative to resolution of this inflammation is a common underlying contributor to HF. Further studies are needed to phenotypically refine inflammatory condition-specific HF pathophysiologies and prognoses, as well as potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Beydoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew J Feinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior St, Tarry 3-703, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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11
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Delcoigne B, Ljung L, Provan SA, Glintborg B, Hetland ML, Grøn KL, Peltomaa R, Relas H, Turesson C, Gudbjornsson B, Michelsen B, Askling J. Short-term, intermediate-term and long-term risks of acute coronary syndrome in cohorts of patients with RA starting biologic DMARDs: results from four Nordic countries. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:789-797. [PMID: 35318218 PMCID: PMC9120408 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the 1-year, 2-year and 5-year incidences of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starting any of the biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) currently available in clinical practice and to anchor these results with a general population comparator. METHODS Observational cohort study, with patients from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden starting a bDMARD during 2008-2017. Time to first ACS was identified through register linkages. We calculated the 1-year, 2-year and 5-year incidence rates (IR) (on drug and ever since treatment start) and used Cox regression (HRs) to compare ACS incidences across treatments taking ACS risk factors into account. Analyses were further performed separately in subgroups defined by age, number of previous bDMARDs and history of cardiovascular disease. We also compared ACS incidences to an individually matched general population cohort. RESULTS 24 083 patients (75% women, mean age 56 years) contributing 40 850 treatment courses were included. During the maximum (5 years) follow-up (141 257 person-years (pyrs)), 780 ACS events occurred (crude IR 5.5 per 1000 pyrs). Overall, the incidence of ACS in RA was 80% higher than that in the general population. For all bDMARDs and follow-up definitions, HRs were close to 1 (etanercept as reference) with the exception of the 5-year risk window, where signals for abatacept, infliximab and rituximab were noted. CONCLUSION The rate of ACS among patients with RA initiating bDMARDs remains elevated compared with the general population. As used in routine care, the short-term, intermediate-term and longer-term risks of ACS vary little across individual bDMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotta Ljung
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Bente Glintborg
- The DANBIO registry and Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- The DANBIO registry and Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ritva Peltomaa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Relas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Rheumatology Research, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brigitte Michelsen
- Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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The association between rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States during 1999-2018, and age-related effect modification in relative and absolute scales. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 71:23-30. [PMID: 35301105 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-cardiovascular diseases (CVD) association in relative and absolute risk scales among US adults aged ≥20 years over time and the effect modification of the association by age. METHODS We analyzed aggregated data from all ten continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. A sample of 43,184 complete-case subjects was considered. The design-based regressions were used to investigate the associations in relative and absolute scales. RESULTS In relative scale, the CVD odds ratio was 2.32, 2.19, and 1.97 among adults with RA than no arthritis in 1999-2006, 2007-2012, and 2013-2018 cycles, respectively. This time trend was not statistically significant. The absolute risk estimates were 11, 10, and 9 per 100 CVD events. We also observed a significant effect modification by age; the higher relative risk among younger adults (<50 years) with RA and higher absolute risk in older adults (≥80 years) with RA were consistent across survey cycles. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between RA and CVD among US adults in both relative and absolute risks. Moreover, age is a significant effect modifier for this association; but with opposing age-related trends in relative and absolute scales.
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13
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Tønnessen TC, Melleby AO, Hauge-Iversen IM, Espe EKS, Ahmed MS, Ueland T, Haavardsholm EA, Atkinson SM, Melum E, Attramadal H, Sjaastad I, Vinge LE. Impact of delayed type hypersensitivity arthritis on development of heart failure by aortic constriction in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262821. [PMID: 35077491 PMCID: PMC8789180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of heart failure (HF). The mechanisms and cardiac prerequisites explaining this association remain unresolved. In this study, we sought to determine the potential cardiac impact of an experimental model of RA in mice subjected to HF by constriction of the ascending aorta. Methods Aorta was constricted via thoracotomy and placement of o-rings with inner diameter 0.55 mm or 0.66 mm, or sham operated. RA-like phenotype was instigated by delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis (DTHA) two weeks after surgery and re-iterated after additional 18 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before surgery and at successive time points throughout the study. Six weeks after surgery the mice were euthanized, blood and tissue were collected, organ weights were documented, and expression levels of cardiac foetal genes were analysed. In a supplemental study, DTHA-mice were euthanized throughout 14 days after induction of arthritis, and blood was analysed for important markers and mediators of RA (SAP, TNF-α and IL-6). In order to put the latter findings into clinical context, the same molecules were analysed in serum from untreated RA patients and compared to healthy controls. Results Significant elevations of inflammatory markers were found in both patient- and murine blood. Furthermore, the DTHA model appeared clinically relevant when compared to the inflammatory responses observed in three prespecified RA severity disease states. Two distinct trajectories of cardiac dysfunction and HF development were found using the two o-ring sizes. These differences were consistent by both MRI, organ weights and cardiac foetal gene expression levels. Still, no difference within the HF groups, nor within the sham groups, could be found when DTHA was induced. Conclusion DTHA mediated systemic inflammation did not cause, nor modify HF caused by aortic constriction. This indicates other prerequisites for RA-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theis Christian Tønnessen
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Marie Hauge-Iversen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil Knut Stenersen Espe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Andre Haavardsholm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen Melum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Chen HK, Shao SC, Weng MY, Lin SJ, Hung MJ, Chan YY, Lai ECC. Risk of Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1595-1603. [PMID: 34496051 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This is a retrospective cohort study by analyzing a multi-institutional electronic medical records database covering 1.3 million individuals (6% of Taiwan's population) to compare the risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors or conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). We included patients with RA aged 20 years and older who had treatment failure with at least 2 different csDMARD regimens and newly switched to another csDMARD regimen or TNFis from 2009 to 2019. We followed patients from initiation of the new therapies to the occurrence of hospitalization for heart failure (hHF), death, to the last clinical visit or December 31, 2020. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to compare TNF-α inhibitors and csDMARD groups for the risk of hHF, with adjustment for patients' characteristics. A total of 1,278 TNF-α inhibitors and 1,932 csDMARDs treated patients were identified, with 78% being women and having an average age of 55 (SD 13.28) years. The incidence rates of hHF for the TNF-α inhibitors and csDMARD groups were 3.66 and 4.72 per 1,000 person-years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.97), and the results remained consistent in patients both with an HF history (aHR 0.66; 95% CI 0.03-14.46) and without (aHR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.89). The findings suggest that those who switched to TNF-α inhibitors had a reduced risk of hHF, compared with those who switched to another csDMARD regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Kai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Weng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Swu-Jane Lin
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ming-Jui Hung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Ying Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Materials Management, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Sellam J, Morel J, Tournadre A, Bouhnik Y, Cornec D, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Dieudé P, Goupille P, Jullien D, Kluger N, Lazaro E, Le Goff B, de Lédinghen V, Lequerré T, Nocturne G, Seror R, Truchetet ME, Verhoeven F, Pham T, Richez C. PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT of patients on anti-TNF therapy: Practical guidelines drawn up by the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation (CRI). Joint Bone Spine 2021; 88:105174. [PMID: 33992225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Sellam
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Tournadre
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoram Bouhnik
- Service de Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU La Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | | | - Philippe Dieudé
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Kluger
- Dpt Dermatology, Helsinki, Finland; Service de Dermatologie, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Service de Médecine interne, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Victor de Lédinghen
- Unité d'Hépatologie et transplantation hépatique, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Raphaèle Seror
- Service de Rhumatologie, Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Thao Pham
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
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16
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Rivera AS, Sinha A, Ahmad FS, Thorp E, Wilcox JE, Lloyd-Jones DM, Feinstein MJ. Long-Term Trajectories of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Heart Failure: An Analysis of Electronic Health Records. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008478. [PMID: 34372666 PMCID: PMC8373674 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune regulation and inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of acute and chronic heart failure (HF). Although the clinical course of acute, severe inflammatory cardiomyopathy is well described, the effects of chronic systemic inflammation on cardiovascular function over time are less clear. To investigate this question, we compared trajectories over time in left ventricular ejection fraction for patients with HF with different chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs): HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and/or psoriasis. METHODS Using a database of patients receiving care in a large metropolitan health care system since January 1, 2000, we analyzed serial, clinically indicated echocardiograms from patients with HF with CIDs and frequency-matched patients with HF without CIDs. We included patients with ≥3 serial echocardiograms (N=974; median 6.1 years between first and most recent echo). We assessed left ventricular ejection fraction trajectories over time using latent trajectory models, then investigated differences in left ventricular ejection fraction trajectories for specific CID subtypes compared with controls. RESULTS Overall, the majority of patients studied (N=687; 70.5%) had left ventricular ejection fraction trajectories consistent with HF with preserved or midrange EF, whereas 255 (26.2%) had HF with reduced EF and 32 (3.3%) had HF with recovered EF. Compared with non-CID controls with HF, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus were significantly more likely than controls to have HF with preserved or midrange EF whereas patients with HIV were significantly more likely to have HF with reduced EF. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HF with CIDs, distinct left ventricular ejection fraction trajectory patterns associate with different specific individual CIDs. This highlights the heterogeneity of HF subtypes and changes over time across different CIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adovich S. Rivera
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Arjun Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Faraz S. Ahmad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Edward Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Jane E. Wilcox
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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17
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Antirheumatic therapy is not associated with changes in circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with autoimmune arthritis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253793. [PMID: 34170978 PMCID: PMC8232407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with autoimmune arthritis (AA) are at increased risk for impaired cardiac function and heart failure. This may be partly due to the effect of inflammation in heart function. The impact of antirheumatic drugs on cardiac dysfunction in AA remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to examine effects of antirheumatic treatment on serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in AA patients and its relationship to inflammatory markers. Methods We examined 115 patients with AA (64 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 31 psoriatic arthritis and 20 ankylosis spondylitis) starting with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) with or without MTX co-medication. NT-proBNP (measured in serum by ECLIA from Roche Diagnostics), and other clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at baseline, after 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment. Results NT-proBNP levels did not change significantly after 6 weeks and 6 months of antirheumatic therapy (pbaseline-6weeks = 0.939; pbaseline-6months = 0.485), although there was a modest improvement from 6 weeks to 6 months in the MTX only treatment group (median difference = -18.2 [95% CI = -32.3 to -4.06], p = 0.013). There was no difference in the effects of MTX monotherapy and TNFi regimen on NT-proBNP levels. The changes in NT-proBNP after antirheumatic treatment positively correlated with changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Baseline NT-proBNP levels were related to baseline CRP and ESR levels, and some other established markers of disease activities in crude analyses. Conclusion Circulating levels of NT-proBNP were related to established inflammatory markers at baseline, and the changes in NT-proBNP after antirheumatic treatment were positively related to these markers. Nevertheless, antirheumatic therapy did not seem to affect NT-proBNP levels compared to baseline, even though inflammatory markers significantly improved.
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18
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Johnson TM, Sayles HR, Baker JF, George MD, Roul P, Zheng C, Sauer B, Liao KP, Anderson DR, Mikuls TR, England BR. Investigating changes in disease activity as a mediator of cardiovascular risk reduction with methotrexate use in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1385-1392. [PMID: 34049859 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association of methotrexate (MTX) use with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using marginal structural models (MSM) and determine if CVD risk is mediated through modification of disease activity. METHODS We identified incident CVD events (coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, heart failure (HF) hospitalisation, CVD death) within a multicentre, prospective cohort of US Veterans with RA. A 28-joint Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) was collected at regular visits and medication exposures were determined by linking to pharmacy dispensing data. MSMs were used to estimate the treatment effect of MTX on risk of incident CVD, accounting for time-varying confounders between receiving MTX and CVD events. A mediation analysis was performed to estimate the indirect effects of methotrexate on CVD risk through modification of RA disease activity. RESULTS Among 2044 RA patients (90% male, mean age 63.9 years, baseline DAS28-CRP 3.6), there were 378 incident CVD events. Using MSM, MTX use was associated with a 24% reduced risk of composite CVD events (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.99) including a 57% reduction in HF hospitalisations (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.77). Individual associations with CAD, stroke and CVD death were not statistically significant. In mediation analyses, there was no evidence of indirect effects of MTX on CVD risk through disease activity modification (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS MTX use in RA was associated with a reduced risk of CVD events, particularly HF-related hospitalisations. These associations were not mediated through reductions in RA disease activity, suggesting alternative MTX-related mechanisms may modify CVD risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tate M Johnson
- Medicine & Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Harlan R Sayles
- Medicine & Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joshua F Baker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Punyasha Roul
- Medicine & Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brian Sauer
- Rheumatology, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katherine P Liao
- Rheumatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Medicine & Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bryant R England
- Medicine & Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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19
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Rossides M, Kullberg S, Grunewald J, Eklund A, Di Giuseppe D, Askling J, Arkema EV. Risk and predictors of heart failure in sarcoidosis in a population-based cohort study from Sweden. Heart 2021; 108:467-473. [PMID: 34021039 PMCID: PMC8899480 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies showed a strong association between sarcoidosis and heart failure (HF) but did not consider risk stratification or risk factors to identify useful aetiological insights. We estimated overall and stratified HRs and identified risk factors for HF in sarcoidosis. METHODS Sarcoidosis cases were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR; ≥2 International Classification of Diseases-coded visits, 2003-2013) and matched to general population comparators. They were followed for HF in the NPR. Treated were cases who were dispensed ≥1 immunosuppressant ±3 months from the first sarcoidosis visit (2006-2013). Using Cox models, we estimated HRs adjusted for demographics and comorbidity and identified independent risk factors of HF together with their attributable fractions (AFs). RESULTS During follow-up, 204 of 8574 sarcoidosis cases and 721 of 84 192 comparators were diagnosed with HF (rate 2.2 vs 0.7/1000 person-years, respectively). The HR associated with sarcoidosis was 2.43 (95% CI 2.06 to 2.86) and did not vary by age, sex or treatment status. It was higher during the first 2 years after diagnosis (HR 3.7 vs 1.9) and in individuals without a history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD; HR 2.7 vs 1.7). Diabetes, atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias were the strongest independent clinical predictors of HF (HR 2.5 each, 2-year AF 20%, 16% and 12%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although low, the HF rate was more than twofold increased in sarcoidosis compared with the general population, particularly right after diagnosis. IHD history cannot solely explain these risks, whereas ventricular arrhythmias indicating cardiac sarcoidosis appear to be a strong predictor of HF in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Rossides
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Department of Medicine Solna, Respiratory Medicine Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Department of Medicine Solna, Respiratory Medicine Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Medicine Solna, Respiratory Medicine Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth V Arkema
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Miran SM, Nelson SJ, Zeng-Treitler Q. A model-agnostic approach for understanding heart failure risk factors. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:184. [PMID: 34001210 PMCID: PMC8130447 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the risk factors for developing heart failure among patients with type 2 diabetes can contribute to preventing deterioration of quality of life for those persons. Electronic health records (EHR) provide an opportunity to use sophisticated machine learning models to understand and compare the effect of different risk factors for developing HF. As the complexity of the model increases, however, the transparency of the model often decreases. To interpret the results, we aimed to develop a model-agnostic approach to shed light on complex models and interpret the effect of features on developing heart failure. Using the HealthFacts EHR database of the Cerner EHR, we extracted the records of 723 patients with at least 6 yeas of follow up of type 2 diabetes, of whom 134 developed heart failure. Using age and comorbidities as features and heart failure as the outcome, we trained logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, neural network, and then applied our proposed approach to rank the effect of each factor on developing heart failure. RESULTS Compared to the "importance score" built-in function of XGBoost, our proposed approach was more accurate in ranking the effect of the different risk factors on developing heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M Miran
- Biomedical Informatics Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Stuart J Nelson
- Biomedical Informatics Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Qing Zeng-Treitler
- Biomedical Informatics Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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21
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Ferreira MB, Fonseca T, Costa R, Marinhoc A, Carvalho HC, Oliveira JC, Zannad F, Rossignol P, Gottenberg JE, Saraiva FA, Rodrigues P, Barros AS, Ferreira JP. Prevalence, risk factors and proteomic bioprofiles associated with heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: The RA-HF study. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 85:41-49. [PMID: 33162300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have high risk of heart failure (HF). AIMS Identifying the risk factors and mechanistic pathways associated with HF in patients with RA. METHODS Cohort study enrolling 355 RA patients. HF was defined according to the ESC criteria. 93 circulating protein-biomarkers (91CVDIIOlink®+troponin-T+c-reactive protein) were measured. Regression modeling (multivariate and multivariable) were built and network analyses were performed - based on the identified relevant protein biomarkers. RESULTS 115 (32.4%) patients fulfilled the ESC criteria for HF, but only 24 (6.8%) had a prior HF diagnosis. Patients with HF were older (67 vs. 55yr), had a longer RA duration (10 vs. 14yr), had more frequently diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic arterial disease. Several protein-biomarkers remained independently associated with HF, the top (FDR1%) were adrenomedullin, placenta-growth-factor, TNF-receptor-11A, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2. The networks underlying the expression of these biomarkers pointed towards congestion, apoptosis, inflammation, immune system signaling and RAAS activation as central determinants of HF in RA. Similar HF-associated biomarker-pathways were externally found in patients without RA. Having RA plus HF increased the risk of cardiovascular events compared to RA patients without RF; adjusted-HR (95%CI)=2.37 (1.07-5.30), p=0.034 CONCLUSION: Age, cardiovascular risk factors, and RA duration increase the HF odds in patients with RA. Few RA patients had a correct prior HF diagnosis, but the presence of HF increased the patients` risk. RA patients with HF largely share the mechanistic pathways of HF patients without RA. Randomized HF trials should include patients with RA. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV ID NCT03960515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Betânia Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal; Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomás Fonseca
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Costa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; CNRS, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francisca A Saraiva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - António S Barros
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Sinha A, Gupta DK, Yancy CW, Shah SJ, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, McNally EM, Greenland P, Lloyd-Jones DM, Khan SS. Risk-Based Approach for the Prediction and Prevention of Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e007761. [PMID: 33535771 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeted prevention of heart failure (HF) remains a critical need given the high prevalence of HF morbidity and mortality. Similar to risk-based prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, optimal HF prevention strategies should include quantification of risk in the individual patient. In this review, we discuss incorporation of a quantitative risk-based approach into the existing HF staging landscape and the clinical opportunity that exists to translate available data on risk estimation to help guide personalized decision making. We first summarize the recent development of key HF risk prediction tools that can be applied broadly at a population level to estimate risk of incident HF. Next, we provide an in-depth description of the clinical utility of biomarkers to personalize risk estimation in select patients at the highest risk of developing HF. We also discuss integration of genomics-enhanced approaches (eg, Titin [TTN]) and other risk-enhancing features to reclassify risk with a precision medicine approach to HF prevention. Although sequential testing is very likely to identify low and high-risk individuals with excellent accuracy, whether or not interventions based on these risk models prevent HF in clinical practice requires prompt attention including randomized placebo-controlled trials of candidate therapies in risk-enriched populations. We conclude with a summary of unanswered questions and gaps in evidence that must be addressed to move the field of HF risk assessment forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., C.W.Y., S.J.S., E.M.N., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., L.J.R.-T., P.G., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Deepak K Gupta
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.K.G.)
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., C.W.Y., S.J.S., E.M.N., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., C.W.Y., S.J.S., E.M.N., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., L.J.R.-T., P.G., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., C.W.Y., S.J.S., E.M.N., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., L.J.R.-T., P.G., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., C.W.Y., S.J.S., E.M.N., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., L.J.R.-T., P.G., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., C.W.Y., S.J.S., E.M.N., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine (A.S., L.J.R.-T., P.G., D.M.L.-J., S.S.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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23
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Khalid Y, Dasu N, Shah A, Brown K, Kaell A, Levine A, Dasu K, Raminfard A. Incidence of congestive heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of literature and meta-regression analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3745-3753. [PMID: 33026193 PMCID: PMC7754742 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that not only affects peripheral joints but also increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Heart failure (HF) appears to be one of the most important contributors to the excess mortality risk among patients with RA. We assessed the incidence of HF in patients with RA compared with age-matched and sex-matched non-RA subjects, after accounting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and clinical ischemic heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed an aggregate analysis on three studies of RA patients having listed manifestations of HF. We performed a meta-regression analysis to evaluate the incidence of HF in RA patients with increased age and noted for any gender correlation. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. In the cumulative analysis of 5, 220, 883 patients, the incidence of HF was noted to be almost two-fold higher in patients with RA compared with a matched control population (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22-2.60, P < 0.003), HTN (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.24-2.23, P < 0.001), and diabetes (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.36-1.81, P < 0.001). Women had three-fold higher incidence of HF with RA (OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.59-4.40, P < 0.001). On meta-regression, the incidence of HF increased further with older age (coefficient = 0.12, P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review that included over 5 million subjects confirms the suspected increased incidence of HF in RA patients. Women have the greatest risk for HF. Our analysis advocates the need for updating the current guidelines to incorporate screening and preventive methods for HF in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khalid
- Division of Internal MedicineMemorial Healthcare SystemHollywoodFL33021USA
| | - Neethi Dasu
- Division of GastroenterologyJefferson Health System NJStratfordNJUSA
| | - Ankit Shah
- Division of CardiologyRowan School of Osteopathic Medicine at Virtua LourdesStratfordNJ08084USA
| | - Keith Brown
- Division of Internal MedicineRowan School of Osteopathic MedicineStratfordUnited States08084USA
| | - Alan Kaell
- Divisions of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, and ResearchMather Hospital, Northwell HealthLong IslandNY11777USA
| | - Adam Levine
- Division of Interventional CardiologyVirtua HealthCherry HillNJ08034USA
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24
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Martín-Martínez MA, Castañeda S, Sánchez-Alonso F, García-Gómez C, González-Juanatey C, Sánchez-Costa JT, Belmonte-López MA, Tornero-Molina J, Santos-Rey J, Sánchez González CO, Quesada E, Moreno-Gil MP, Cobo-Ibáñez T, Pinto-Tasnde JA, Babío-Herráez J, Bonilla G, Juan-Mas A, Manero-Ruiz FJ, Romera-Baurés M, Bachiller-Corral J, Chamizo-Carmona E, Uriarte-Ecenarro M, Barbadillo C, Fernández-Carballido C, Aurrecoechea E, Möller-Parrera I, Llorca J, González-Gay MA. Cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular event rates in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in the CARdiovascular in rheuMAtology (CARMA) prospective study—results at 5 years of follow-up. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 60:2906-2915. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To determine cardiovascular (CV) mortality and incidence of the first CV event (CVE) in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) after 5 years of follow-up.
Methods
This is an analysis of the CARdiovascular in rheMAatology (CARMA) study after 5 years of follow-up. It includes patients with RA (n = 775), AS (n = 738) and PsA (n = 721), and individuals without CIRD (n = 677) attending outpatient rheumatology clinics from 67 public hospitals in Spain. Descriptive analyses were performed for the CV mortality at 5 years. The Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) function at 5 years was calculated to determine the expected risk of CV mortality. Poisson models were used to estimate the incidence rates of the first CVE. Hazard ratios of the risk factors involved in the development of the first CVE were evaluated using the Weibull proportional hazard model.
Results
Overall, 2382 subjects completed the follow-up visit at 5 years. Fifteen patients died due to CVE. CV deaths observed in the CIRD cohort were lower than that predicted by SCORE risk charts. The highest incidence rate of CVE [7.39 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 4.63, 11.18)] was found in PsA patients. However, after adjusting for age, sex and CV risk factors, AS was the inflammatory disease more commonly associated with CVE at 5 years [hazard ratio 4.60 (P =0.02)], compared with those without CIRD.
Conclusions
Cardiovascular mortality in patients with CIRD at 5 years of follow-up is lower than estimated. Patients with AS have a higher risk of developing a first CVE after 5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-ROCHE, EPID-Future, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen García-Gómez
- Division of Rheumatology, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Tornero-Molina
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - José Santos-Rey
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Estefanía Quesada
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María P Moreno-Gil
- Division of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Tatiana Cobo-Ibáñez
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Pinto-Tasnde
- Division of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Gema Bonilla
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Juan-Mas
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Sont Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Mirem Uriarte-Ecenarro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barbadillo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Aurrecoechea
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital U. Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Javier Llorca
- Division of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel A González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain, Spain
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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25
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Rodrigues P, Ferreira B, Fonseca T, Costa RQ, Cabral S, Pinto JL, Saraiva F, Marinho A, Huttin O, Girerd N, Bozec E, Carvalho HC, Ferreira JP. Subclinical ventricular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:847-859. [PMID: 33052554 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at higher risk for having underdiagnosed heart failure, however there are no recommendations regarding echocardiographic screening. We aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical ventricular dysfunction in RA applying current echocardiographic guidelines, its association with patients' characteristics, biomarkers and prognostic parameters and compare the 2016 guidelines to the recommendations from 2009. Prospective study of RA patients without known heart disease, categorized as preserved ventricular function (PVF), systolic dysfunction (SD), isolated diastolic dysfunction (DD) or indeterminate diastolic function (IDF) as per the 2016 echocardiography guidelines-or any ventricular dysfunction (AVD) comprehending the last 3. The median age was 58 years and 78% were females. The majority had PVF (73%), followed by DD (13%), IDF (11%) and SD (4%). Concordance with the 2009 echocardiographic guidelines was low. Compared with PVF, AVD patients were older (65 vs 55 years, p < 0.001), had a higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia (56% vs 38%, p = 0.003 and 60% vs 41%, p = 0.002, respectively). In multivariable analysis, age (particularly > 57 years) was the only independent predictor of AVD or DD. AVD was significantly associated with higher NT-proBNP and lower distance in 6-min walk test. There were no significant independent associations between characteristics of RA disease and ventricular function. A total of 17% of RA patients without known cardiovascular disease presented subclinical systolic or diastolic dysfunction, which was associated with older age. The echocardiographic screening may have clinical value in identifying subclinical ventricular dysfunction, especially in older RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Cardiology Department), Porto, Portugal. .,Unit of Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal. .,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto - Hospital Santo António - Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Betânia Ferreira
- Unit of Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomás Fonseca
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Internal Medicine Department), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Quelhas Costa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Internal Medicine Department), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cabral
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Cardiology Department), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Francisca Saraiva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marinho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Internal Medicine Department), Porto, Portugal
| | - Olivier Huttin
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Henrique Cyrne Carvalho
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto (Cardiology Department), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Clinical Multidisciplinary Research 1433, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Regional University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
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26
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Taheri R, Molavynejad S, Abedi P, Rajaei E, Haghighizadeh MH. Effect of Dietary Education on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:131-139. [PMID: 32895043 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666200907112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary education on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 112 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention and control. Dietary education was provided for the intervention group in 4 sessions; anthropometric measurements, serum levels of RF, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and fasting blood sugar were measured before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS The mean of total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.004), LDL (p <0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), FBS and BMI (p <0.001) were decreased significantly in the intervention group after education compared the control group. CONCLUSION Traditional care for rheumatoid arthritis patients is not enough. Patients need more education in order to improve their situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Taheri
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahram Molavynejad
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Abedi
- Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Nutrition, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Rajaei
- Department of Rheumatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Muthukumar L, Jahangir A, Jan MF, Neitzel G, Sanders H, Thohan V, Tajik AJ. Double Jeopardy Cardiomyopathy Requiring Heart Transplant: Hydroxychloroquine and Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:382-385. [PMID: 32838098 PMCID: PMC7335241 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine can cause cardiomyopathies. High suspicion for iatrogenic cardiomyopathy can lead to early diagnosis and treatment. Multimodality imaging and histologic assessment are needed for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Muthukumar
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Center for Advanced Atrial Fibrillation Therapies, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - M Fuad Jan
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gary Neitzel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Heather Sanders
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vinay Thohan
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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28
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Kirillova IG, Novikova DS, Popkova TV, Udachkina HV, Markelova EI, Gorbunova YN, Korsakova YO, Gluchova SN. Chronic Heart Failure in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Prior to Basic Antirheumatic Therapy. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-01-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the clinical manifestations and factors associated with the presence of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prior to anti-inflammatory therapy. Material and methods. The study included 74 patients with valid diagnosis of RA (criteria ACR/EULAR, 2010), 56 women (74%), median age – 54 [46;61] years, disease duration – 7 [4;8] months; seropositive for IgM rheumatoid factor (87%) and/or antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (100%) prior to taking disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and glucocorticoids. CHF was verified in accordance with actual guidelines. The assessment of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, carotid artery ultrasound, were carried out before the start of therapy in all patients with early RA. The concentration of NT-proBNP was determined by electrochemiluminescence. The normal range for NT-proBNP was less than 125 pg/ml.Results. CHF was diagnosed in 24 (33%) patients: in 23 patients – CHF with preserved ejection fraction, in 1 patient – CHF with reduced ejection fraction. 50% of patients with RA under the age of 60 were diagnosed with CHF. NYHA class I was found in 5 (21%) patients, class II – in 15 (63%), class III – in 1 (4%). Positive predictive value of clinical symptoms did not exceed 38%. All patients with early RA were divided into two groups: 1 – with CHF, 2 – without CHF. Patients with RA+CHF compared with patients without CHF were older, had higher body mass index, frequency of carotid atherosclerosis, of ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and intima media thickness. Independent factors associated with the presence of CHF were identified by linear regression analysis: abdominal obesity, CRP level, systolic blood pressure, dyslipidemia, carotid intima thickness, IHD. The multiple coefficient of determination was R2=57.1 (R-0.76, p<0.001). Level of NT-proBNP in RA patients with CHF (192.0 [154.9; 255.7] pg/ml) was higher than in RA patients without CHF (77 [41.1; 191.2] pg/ml) and in control (49.0 [33.2; 65.8] pg/ml), p<0.0001 and p=0.01, respectively. To exclude CHF in patients with early RA, the optimal NT-proBNP level was 150.4 pg/ml (sensitivity – 80%, specificity – 79%), the area under the ROC curve = 0.957 (95% confidence interval 0.913-1.002, p<0.001).Conclusion. CHF was detected in a third of RA patients at the early stage of the disease. Factors associated with the presence of CHF were abdominal obesity, CRP level, systolic blood pressure, dyslipidemia, intima media thickness, IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. G. Kirillova
- Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova
| | - D. S. Novikova
- Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova
| | - T. V. Popkova
- Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova
| | - H. V. Udachkina
- Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova
| | - E. I. Markelova
- Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova
| | | | | | - S. N. Gluchova
- Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova
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29
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Halacoglu J, Shea LA. Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Therapeutic Implications in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:878-890. [PMID: 32080804 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer from a magnitude of excess cardiovascular risk. A paradoxical lipid pattern has been observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients where low levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to break down the evidence explaining why patients with low to normal LDL, and total cholesterol have such excess cardiovascular risk. A component of the enhanced cardiovascular risk is systemic inflammation and the subsequent pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia patterns. Due to this "lipid paradox," current risk algorithms and guidelines designed for the general population may underestimate cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate some of the discrepancies and layers of cardiovascular risk in RA patients, the role RA medication may have in mitigating or increasing cardiovascular risk, and the possible role of statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Halacoglu
- Rueckert-Hartman College for Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd H-28, Denver, CO, 80221, USA
| | - Leticia A Shea
- Rueckert-Hartman College for Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd H-28, Denver, CO, 80221, USA.
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30
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Myasoedova E, Davis JM, Matteson EL, Achenbach SJ, Setoguchi S, Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Gabriel SE, Crowson CS. Increased hospitalization rates following heart failure diagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis as compared to the general population. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:25-29. [PMID: 31376995 PMCID: PMC6960371 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the frequency of and trends in hospitalizations after heart failure (HF) diagnosis in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during 1987-2015. METHODS The study included a retrospectively identified population-based cohort of patients with incident HF and prior RA (age≥18 years, 1987 ACR criteria) and a cohort of incident HF patients without RA matched 3:1 on age, sex, and year of HF diagnosis. Hospitalizations at the time of HF diagnosis were excluded. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or 12/31/2015. RESULTS The study included 212 patients with RA (mean age at HF diagnosis 78.3 years; 68% female) and 636 non-RA patients (mean age at HF diagnosis 78.6 years; 68% female). The hospitalization rate after HF diagnosis was higher in RA vs non-RA (rate ratio [RR] 1.17; 95%CI 1.08-1.26). Hospitalization rates in both groups have been declining since 2005 and the difference between patients with and without RA may be decreasing after 2010. The magnitude of the increase was similar in both sexes and across all ages. Patients with RA were more likely to be hospitalized for non-cardiovascular causes (RR 1.26; 95%CI 1.14-1.39), but not for HF or other cardiovascular causes compared to non-RA patients. CONCLUSIONS The hospitalization rate following HF diagnosis was higher in RA versus non-RA patients regardless of sex and age. Increased hospitalization risk in patients with RA was driven by increased rates of non-cardiovascular hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Soko Setoguchi
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shannon M Dunlay
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Circulatory Failure, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veronique L Roger
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Circulatory Failure, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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31
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The effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular physiology in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 40:347-357. [PMID: 31802210 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is highly prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with debilitating effects for the individual as well as significant healthcare impact. Current evidence demonstrates that engaging in aerobic and resistance exercise (i.e. structured physical activity) can significantly improve patient-reported and clinical index-assessed outcomes in RA. In addition to this, engagement in exercise programmes improves, in a dose-dependent manner, the risk of developing CVD as well as CVD symptoms and outcomes. The present narrative review uses evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as controlled trials, to synthesize the current state-of-the-art on the potential effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on CVD risk factors as well as on cardiac and vascular function and structure in people with RA. Where there is a lack of evidence in RA to explain potential mechanisms, relevant studies from the general population are also discussed and linked to RA.
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32
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Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease: Does all inflammation lead to heart disease? Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:463-469. [PMID: 31653485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has a strong role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Several systemic inflammatory conditions have been linked to an increased risk of ASCVD; however, this has not been well established in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). IBD is comprised of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease, both of which involve chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract, often with evidence of systemic involvement. Several ASCVD risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, poor diet and the presence of obesity may increase the risk of ASCVD in patients suffering from IBD, despite a lower prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Medications used to treat IBD and target inflammation, such as steroids, may also accelerate the risk of the risk for ASCVD heart failure while exacerbating ASCVD risk factors. Several studies have demonstrated an elevated risk of acute myocardial infarction and stroke in these patients, most notably in women and in younger patients. Some cohort studies have also suggested a link between IBD and both atrial fibrillation and heart failure, particularly during periods of active flares. All IBD patients, particularly younger individuals, should be screened for ASCVD risk factors with aggressive risk factor modification to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Further research is needed to identify how to prevent and treat cardiovascular events that occur in patients with IBD, particularly during active flares.
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Abstract
The natural history of heart failure (HF) is not linear, because changes in the heart structure and function start long before the disease becomes clinically evident. Many different cytokines originating from intracardiac tissues (cardiomyocytes, cardiac endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiac infiltrated immune cells) or extracardiac tissues (adipose tissue, gut, and lymphoid organs) have been identified in HF. Because the levels of circulating cytokines correlate with the development and severity of HF, these mediators may have both pathophysiological importance, through their ability to modulate inflammation, myocyte stress/stretch, myocyte injury and apoptosis, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodeling, and utility as clinical predictive biomarkers. A greater understanding of the mechanisms mediated by the multifaceted network of cytokines, leading to distinct HF phenotypes (HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction), is urgently needed for the development of new treatment strategies. In this chapter, all these issues were thoroughly discussed, pointing on the practical considerations concerning the clinical use of the cytokines as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Elena Stanciu
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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34
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Argollo M, Gilardi D, Peyrin-Biroulet C, Chabot JF, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S. Comorbidities in inflammatory bowel disease: a call for action. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:643-654. [PMID: 31171484 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition. Previously, the focus has been on extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, including arthritis, psoriasis, and uveitis. Although comorbidities have long been the subject of intensive research in other chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, the concept of comorbidities is only beginning to emerge in IBD. Several comorbid conditions have been proposed to be related to IBD, including cardiovascular disease, neuropsychological disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Recognition of these conditions and their treatment could lead to better management of IBD. This Review aims to explore current knowledge regarding classic and emerging comorbidities related to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Argollo
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Milan, Italy; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gilardi
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Francois Chabot
- Department of Pneumology, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm U954, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
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35
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Novikova DS, Kirillova IG, Udachkina HV, Popkova TV. Chronic Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (Part I): Prevalence, Etiology and Pathogenesis. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-5-703-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Palinkas M, Rodrigues L, de V, Regalo IH, De L, Siéssere S, Regalo S. Evaluation of the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporalis muscles of women with rheumatoid arthritis. Hippokratia 2018; 22:3-9. [PMID: 31213751 PMCID: PMC6528696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles of women with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS The sample comprised 28 women divided into two groups: 14 with rheumatoid arthritis [mean age: 52.2 ± standard deviation (SD): 3 years] and 14 without rheumatoid arthritis (mean age: 49.4 ± SD: 2.4 years). The women were paired by age and body mass index. The electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles was analyzed in mandibular tasks: rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, maximal voluntary contraction with and without Parafilm M®, habitual and non-habitual chewing. The MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) was used to compare the means of the two independent groups, considering as independent variable side and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, and age as the covariate. The Bonferroni correction was used for the post hoc comparisons (p <0.05). RESULTS Rheumatoid arthritis group presented an increase in the normalized electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles and lower mean values for the habitual and non-habitual chewing. CONCLUSIONS Women with rheumatoid arthritis showed functional alterations in the stomatognathic system, demonstrated through muscular hyperactivity and reduction of masticatory efficiency. HIPPOKRATIA 2018, 22(1): 3-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palinkas
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT.TM), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nursing course, Faculty Anhanguera, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lam Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vasconcelos de
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I H Regalo
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luca De
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - S Siéssere
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT.TM), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sch Regalo
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT.TM), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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