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Kolev V, Falkenstein M, Yordanova J. A distributed theta network of error generation and processing in aging. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:447-459. [PMID: 38699606 PMCID: PMC11061062 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-10018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on previous concepts that a distributed theta network with a central "hub" in the medial frontal cortex is critically involved in movement regulation, monitoring, and control, the present study explored the involvement of this network in error processing with advancing age in humans. For that aim, the oscillatory neurodynamics of motor theta oscillations was analyzed at multiple cortical regions during correct and error responses in a sample of older adults. Response-related potentials (RRPs) of correct and incorrect reactions were recorded in a four-choice reaction task. RRPs were decomposed in the time-frequency domain to extract oscillatory theta activity. Motor theta oscillations at extended motor regions were analyzed with respect to power, temporal synchronization, and functional connectivity. Major results demonstrated that errors had pronounced effects on motor theta oscillations at cortical regions beyond the medial frontal cortex by being associated with (1) theta power increase in the hemisphere contra-lateral to the movement, (2) suppressed spatial and temporal synchronization at pre-motor areas contra-lateral to the responding hand, (2) inhibited connections between the medial frontal cortex and sensorimotor areas, and (3) suppressed connectivity and temporal phase-synchronization of motor theta networks in the posterior left hemisphere, irrespective of the hand, left, or right, with which the error was made. The distributed effects of errors on motor theta oscillations demonstrate that theta networks support performance monitoring. The reorganization of these networks with aging implies that in older individuals, performance monitoring is associated with a disengagement of the medial frontal region and difficulties in controlling the focus of motor attention and response selection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-023-10018-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, Sofia, 1113 Bulgaria
| | | | - Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, Sofia, 1113 Bulgaria
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Yordanova J, Falkenstein M, Kolev V. Motor oscillations reveal new correlates of error processing in the human brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5624. [PMID: 38454108 PMCID: PMC10920772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that during motor responses, the activation of the motor cortical regions emerges in close association with the activation of the medial frontal cortex implicated with performance monitoring and cognitive control. The present study explored the oscillatory neurodynamics of response-related potentials during correct and error responses to test the hypothesis that such continuous communication would modify the characteristics of motor potentials during performance errors. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at 64 electrodes in a four-choice reaction task and response-related potentials (RRPs) of correct and error responses were analysed. Oscillatory RRP components at extended motor areas were analysed in the theta (3.5-7 Hz) and delta (1-3 Hz) frequency bands with respect to power, temporal synchronization (phase-locking factor, PLF), and spatial synchronization (phase-locking value, PLV). Major results demonstrated that motor oscillations differed between correct and error responses. Error-related changes (1) were frequency-specific, engaging delta and theta frequency bands, (2) emerged already before response production, and (3) had specific regional topographies at posterior sensorimotor and anterior (premotor and medial frontal) areas. Specifically, the connectedness of motor and sensorimotor areas contra-lateral to the response supported by delta networks was substantially reduced during errors. Also, there was an error-related suppression of the phase stability of delta and theta oscillations at these areas. This synchronization reduction was accompanied by increased temporal synchronization of motor theta oscillations at bi-lateral premotor regions and by two distinctive error-related effects at medial frontal regions: (1) a focused fronto-central enhancement of theta power and (2) a separable enhancement of the temporal synchronization of delta oscillations with a localized medial frontal focus. Together, these observations indicate that the electrophysiological signatures of performance errors are not limited to the medial frontal signals, but they also involve the dynamics of oscillatory motor networks at extended cortical regions generating the movement. Also, they provide a more detailed picture of the medial frontal processes activated in relation to error processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Aster HC, Waltmann M, Busch A, Romanos M, Gamer M, Maria van Noort B, Beck A, Kappel V, Deserno L. Impaired flexible reward learning in ADHD patients is associated with blunted reinforcement sensitivity and neural signals in ventral striatum and parietal cortex. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103588. [PMID: 38471434 PMCID: PMC10943992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Reward-based learning and decision-making are prime candidates to understand symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, only limited evidence is available regarding the neurocomputational underpinnings of the alterations seen in ADHD. This concerns flexible behavioral adaption in dynamically changing environments, which is challenging for individuals with ADHD. One previous study points to elevated choice switching in adolescent ADHD, which was accompanied by disrupted learning signals in medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we investigated young adults with ADHD (n = 17) as compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n = 17) using a probabilistic reversal learning experiment during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The task requires continuous learning to guide flexible behavioral adaptation to changing reward contingencies. To disentangle the neurocomputational underpinnings of the behavioral data, we used reinforcement learning (RL) models, which informed the analysis of fMRI data. ADHD patients performed worse than controls particularly in trials before reversals, i.e., when reward contingencies were stable. This pattern resulted from 'noisy' choice switching regardless of previous feedback. RL modelling showed decreased reinforcement sensitivity and enhanced learning rates for negative feedback in ADHD patients. At the neural level, this was reflected in a diminished representation of choice probability in the left posterior parietal cortex in ADHD. Moreover, modelling showed a marginal reduction of learning about the unchosen option, which was paralleled by a marginal reduction in learning signals incorporating the unchosen option in the left ventral striatum. Taken together, we show that impaired flexible behavior in ADHD is due to excessive choice switching ('hyper-flexibility'), which can be detrimental or beneficial depending on the learning environment. Computationally, this resulted from blunted sensitivity to reinforcement of which we detected neural correlates in the attention-control network, specifically in the parietal cortex. These neurocomputational findings remain preliminary due to the relatively small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christoph Aster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Waltmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Busch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Betteke Maria van Noort
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Mattavelli G, Gorrino I, Tornaghi D, Canessa N. Cognitive and motor impulsivity in the healthy brain, and implications for eating disorders and obesity: A coordinate-based meta-analysis and systematic review. Cortex 2024; 171:90-112. [PMID: 37984247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the impulse-control balance, and in its neural bases, have been reported in obesity and eating disorders (EDs). Neuroimaging studies suggest a role of fronto-parietal networks in impulsive behaviour, with evaluation and anticipatory processes additionally recruiting meso-limbic regions. However, whether distinct facets of cognitive and motor impulsivity involve common vs. specific neural correlates remains unclear. We addressed this issue through Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of fMRI studies on delay discounting (DD) and go/no-go (GNG) tasks, alongside conjunction and subtraction analyses. We also performed systematic reviews of neuroimaging studies using the same tasks in individuals with obesity or EDs. ALE results showed consistent activations in the striatum, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, medial/left superior frontal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus for impulsive choices in DD, while GNG tasks elicited mainly right-lateralized fronto-parietal activations. Conjunction and subtraction analyses showed: i) common bilateral responses in the caudate nucleus; ii) DD-specific responses in the ventral striatum, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, left supramarginal and medial frontal gyri; iii) GNG-specific activations in the right inferior parietal cortex. Altered fronto-lateral responses to both tasks are suggestive of dysfunctional cortico-striatal balance in obesity and EDs, but these findings are controversial due to the limited number of studies directly comparing patients and controls. Overall, we found evidence for distinctive neural correlates of the motor and cognitive facets of impulsivity: the right inferior parietal lobe underpins action inhibition, whereas fronto-striatal regions and the left supramarginal gyrus are related to impulsive decision-making. While showing that further research on clinical samples is required to better characterize the neural bases of their behavioural changes, these findings help refining neurocognitive model of impulsivity and highlight potential translational implications for EDs and obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Irene Gorrino
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diana Tornaghi
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Bosco A, Sanz Diez P, Filippini M, De Vitis M, Fattori P. A focus on the multiple interfaces between action and perception and their neural correlates. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108722. [PMID: 37931747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful behaviour relies on the appropriate interplay between action and perception. The well-established dorsal and ventral stream theories depicted two distinct functional pathways for the processes of action and perception, respectively. In physiological conditions, the two pathways closely cooperate in order to produce successful adaptive behaviour. As the coupling between perception and action exists, this requires an interface that is responsible for a common reading of the two functions. Several studies have proposed different types of perception and action interfaces, suggesting their role in the creation of the shared interaction channel. In the present review, we describe three possible perception and action interfaces: i) the motor code, including common coding approaches, ii) attention, and iii) object affordance; we highlight their potential neural correlates. From this overview, a recurrent neural substrate that underlies all these interface functions appears to be crucial: the parieto-frontal circuit. This network is involved in the mirror mechanism which underlies the perception and action interfaces identified as common coding and motor code theories. The same network is also involved in the spotlight of attention and in the encoding of potential action towards objects; these are manifested in the perception and action interfaces for common attention and object affordance, respectively. Within this framework, most studies were dedicated to the description of the role of the inferior parietal lobule; growing evidence, however, suggests that the superior parietal lobule also plays a crucial role in the interplay between action and perception. The present review proposes a novel model that is inclusive of the superior parietal regions and their relative contribution to the different action and perception interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Via Galliera 3 Bologna, 40121, Bologna, Italy.
| | - P Sanz Diez
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Turnstrasse 27, 73430, Aalen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Filippini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Via Galliera 3 Bologna, 40121, Bologna, Italy
| | - M De Vitis
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Via Galliera 3 Bologna, 40121, Bologna, Italy
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Li D, Hao J, Hao J, Cui X, Niu Y, Xiang J, Wang B. Enhanced Dynamic Laterality Based on Functional Subnetworks in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1646. [PMID: 38137094 PMCID: PMC10741828 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An ocean of studies have pointed to abnormal brain laterality changes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Determining the altered brain lateralization will help us to explore the pathogenesis of BD. Our study will fill the gap in the study of the dynamic changes of brain laterality in BD patients and thus provide new insights into BD research. In this work, we used fMRI data from 48 BD patients and 48 normal controls (NC). We constructed the dynamic laterality time series by extracting the dynamic laterality index (DLI) at each sliding window. We then used k-means clustering to partition the laterality states and the Arenas-Fernandez-Gomez (AFG) community detection algorithm to determine the number of states. We characterized subjects' laterality characteristics using the mean laterality index (MLI) and laterality fluctuation (LF). Compared with NC, in all windows and state 1, BD patients showed higher MLI in the attention network (AN) of the right hemisphere, and AN in the left hemisphere showed more frequent laterality fluctuations. AN in the left hemisphere of BD patients showed higher MLI in all windows and state 3 compared to NC. In addition, in the AN of the right hemisphere in state 1, higher MLI in BD patients was significantly associated with patient symptoms. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of BD neuropathology in terms of brain dynamic laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China; (J.H.)
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Geng L, Feng Q, Wang X, Gao Y, Hao L, Qiu J. Connectome-based modeling reveals a resting-state functional network that mediates the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1264221. [PMID: 37965648 PMCID: PMC10642796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1264221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rumination impedes problem solving and is one of the most important factors in the onset and maintenance of multiple psychiatric disorders. The current study aims to investigate the impact of social rejection on rumination and explore the underlying neural mechanisms involved in this process. Methods We utilized psychological questionnaire and resting-state brain imaging data from a sample of 560 individuals. The predictive model for rumination scores was constructed using resting-state functional connectivity data through connectome-based predictive modeling. Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating role of the prediction network in the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Results A positive correlation between social rejection and rumination was found. We obtained the prediction model of rumination and found that the strongest contributions came from the intra- and internetwork connectivity within the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), frontoparietal control network (FPCN), and sensorimotor networks (SMN). Analysis of node strength revealed the significance of the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and angular gyrus (AG) as key nodes in the prediction model. In addition, mediation analysis showed that the strength of the prediction network mediated the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Conclusion The findings highlight the crucial role of functional connections among the DMN, DAN, FPCN, and SMN in linking social rejection and rumination, particular in brain regions implicated in social cognition and emotion, namely the SMG and AG regions. These results enhance our understanding of the consequences of social rejection and provide insights for novel intervention strategies targeting rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Geng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Hao
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yeo SS, Jang TS, Yun SH. Sensorimotor adaptation in spatial orientation task: a fNIRS study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15160. [PMID: 37704674 PMCID: PMC10499899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In sensorimotor conflicts, the brain forms and updates a new sensorimotor relationship through sensorimotor integration. As humans adapt to new sensorimotor mapping, goal-directed movements become increasingly precise. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated the changes in cortical activity during sensorimotor adaptation in a spatial orientation task with sensorimotor conflict. Individuals performed a reversed spatial orientation training in which the visual feedback guiding hand movements was reversed. We measured cortical activity and spatial orientation performance, including the response time, completion number, error, and accuracy. The results revealed the continuous activation in the left SMG during sensorimotor adaptation and decreased activation in the right SAC, AG and SMG after sensorimotor adaptation. These findings indicated the contribution of the left SMG to sensorimotor adaptation and the improved efficiency of cortical activity after sensorimotor adaptation, respectively. Our studies suggest the neural mechanisms related to sensorimotor adaptation to a reversed spatial orientation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health and Welfare Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Keleş HO, Omurtag A. Video game experience affects performance, cognitive load, and brain activity in laparoscopic surgery training. Turk J Surg 2023; 39:95-101. [PMID: 38026907 PMCID: PMC10681104 DOI: 10.47717/turkjsurg.2023.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Video games can be a valuable tool for surgery training. Individuals who interact or play video games tend to have a better visuospatial ability when compared to non-gamers. Numerous studies suggest that video game experience is associated with faster acquisition, greater sharpening, and longer retention of laparoscopic skills. Given the neurocognitive complexity of surgery skill, multimodal approaches are required to understand how video game playing enhances laparoscopy skill. Material and Methods Twenty-seven students with no laparoscopy experience and varying levels of video game experience performed standard laparoscopic training tasks. Their performance, subjective cognitive loading, and prefrontal cortical activity were recorded and analyzed. As a reference point to use in comparing the two novice groups, we also included data from 13 surgeons with varying levels of laparoscopy experience and no video game experience. Results Results indicated that video game experience was correlated with higher performance (R2 = 0.22, p <0.01) and lower cognitive load (R2 = 0.21, p <0.001), and the prefrontal cortical activation of students with gaming experience was relatively lower than those without gaming experience. In terms of these variables, gaming experience in novices tended to produce effects similar to those of laparoscopy experience in surgeons. Conclusion Our results suggest that along the dimensions of performance, cognitive load, and brain activity, the effects of video gaming experience on novice laparoscopy trainees are similar to those of real-world laparoscopy experience on surgeons. We believe that the neural underpinnings of surgery skill and its links with gaming experience need to be investigated further using wearable functional brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Onur Keleş
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Omurtag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Tomasino B, Bernardis P, Maieron M, D'Agostini S, Skrap M. Parietal/premotor lesions effects on visuomotor cognition in neuro-oncology patients: A multimodal study. Neuropsychologia 2023:108599. [PMID: 37245637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing prior to surgery the functionality of brain areas exposed near the tumor requires a multimodal approach that combines the use of neuropsychological testing and fMRI tasks. Paradigms based on motor imagery, which corresponds to the ability to mentally evoke a movement, in the absence of actual action execution, can be used to test sensorimotor areas and the functionality of mental motor representations. METHODS The most commonly used paradigm is the Limb Laterality Recognition Task (LLRT), requiring judgments about whether a limb belongs to the left or right side of the body. The group studied included 38 patients with high-grade (N = 21), low-grade (N = 11) gliomas and meningiomas (N = 6) in areas anterior (N = 21) and posterior (N = 17) to the central sulcus. Patients before surgery underwent neuropsychological assessment and fMRI. They performed the LLRT as an fMRI task. Accuracy, and neuroimaging data were collected and combined in a multimodal study. Structural MRI data analyses were performed by subtracting the overlap of volumes of interest (VOIs) plotted on lesions from the impaired patient group vs the overlap of VOIs from the spared group. The fMRI analyses were performed comparing the impaired patients and spared group. RESULTS In general, patients were within normal limits on many neuropsychological screening tests. Compared with the control group, 17/38 patients had significantly different performance. The subtraction between the VOIs overlay of the impaired patients' group vs. the VOIs overlay of the spared group revealed that the areas maximally involved by lesions in the impaired patients' group were the right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal lobe, right supramarginal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, paracentral lobule, left postcentral gyrus, right superior parietal lobe, left inferior parietal lobe, and left superior and middle frontal gyrus. Analysis of the fMRI data showed which of these areas contributes to a correct LLRT performance. The task (vs. rest) in the group comparison (spared vs. impaired patients) activated a cluster in the left inferior parietal lobe. CONCLUSION Underlying the altered performance at LLRT in patients with lesions to the parietal and premotor areas of the right and left hemispheres is a difference in activation of the left inferior parietal lobe. This region is involved in visuomotor processes and those related to motor attention, movement selection, and motor planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento (PN), Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Fisica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena D'Agostini
- Unità Operativa di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- SOC Neuroradiologia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
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Nair S, Szaflarski JP, Wang Y, Pizarro D, Killen JF, Allendorfer JB. Assessing dynamic brain activity during verbal associative learning using MEG/fMRI co-processing. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bardo A, Filippo A, Balzeau A. Lateralized behaviors in living humans: Application in the context of hominin brain evolution. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 275:143-164. [PMID: 36841567 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The left and right hemispheres of our brains differ subtly in structure, and each is dominant in processing specific cognitive tasks. Our species has a unique system of distributing behavior and cognition between each cerebral hemisphere, with a preponderance of pronounced side biases and lateralized functions. This hemisphere-dependent relationship between cognitive, sensory or motor function and a set of brain structures is called hemispheric specialization. Hemispheric specialization has led to the emergence of model systems to link anatomical asymmetries to brain function and behavior. Scientific research on hemispheric specialization and lateralized functions in living humans focuses on three major domains: (1) hand preferences, (2) language, and (3) visuospatial skills and attention. In this chapter we present an overview of this research with a specific focus on living humans and the applications of this research in the context of hominin brain evolution. Our objective is to put into perspective what we know about brain-behavior relationships in living humans and how we can apply the same methods to investigate this relationship in fossil hominin species, and thus improve our understanding of the emergence and development of complex cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameline Bardo
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France; Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
| | - Andréa Filippo
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France; Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium & Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Tao P, Shao X, Dong Y, Adams R, Preston E, Liu Y, Han J. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy measures of frontal hemodynamic responses in Parkinson's patients and controls performing the Timed-Up-and-Go test. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114219. [PMID: 36403671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) were measured while participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls performed the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUGT), and differences in cortical activity at baseline and three different intervals were examined between the two groups. Seventeen PD patients and twenty-two controls participated in the study, but two PD patients were excluded from statistical analysis due to the presence of freezing of gait and using walking aids during the TUGT. During the TUGT, activity in the front, left, right and total frontal cortices initially decreased significantly, then significantly increased in PD participants and low-risk faller PD participants, compared to when in a sitting position. ΔHbO (HbO change from baseline) over the front, left and total frontal cortices in the PD group was significantly lower than the control group in interval 1 (P = 0.019, P = 0.014 and P = 0.031, respectively), while significantly higher than the control group in interval 2 over the left frontal cortex (P = 0.010). No significant differences were observed between the high-risk faller and low-risk faller subgroups of PD participants in ΔHbO and ΔHbR in the three intervals (P > 0.05). In the high-risk faller subgroup, ΔHbO over the left frontal cortex was significantly higher than the right frontal cortex in interval 2 and interval 3 (P = 0.015, P = 0.030, respectively). There was a strong positive correlation between education and HbR concentration over the right frontal cortex in PD participants (rho = 0.557, P = 0.031), while there were strong negative correlations between PD duration and HbR concentration over the right and total frontal cortices in the high-risk faller subgroup of PD participants (rho = -0.854, P = 0.014 for the right; rho = -0.784, P = 0.037 for the total). The falls prediction cutoff TUGT time for PD participants was 14.2 s. These results suggest that frontal cognition training, along with exercise training, could be used as an effective training method to improve motor performance in PD patients, especially for those at high-risk for falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321013, China.
| | - Xuerong Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Yuchen Dong
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321013, China.
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
| | | | - Ying Liu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Lab of Cognitive Evaluation and Regulation in Sport, General Administration of Sport of China, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jia Han
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia.
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14
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Kim H, Onate JA, Criss CR, Simon JE, Mischkowski D, Grooms DR. The relationship between drop vertical jump action-observation brain activity and kinesiophobia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A cross-sectional fMRI study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2879. [PMID: 36602922 PMCID: PMC9927857 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury and reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) result in central nervous system alteration to control the muscles around the knee joint. Most individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) experience kinesiophobia which can prevent them from returning to activity and is associated with negative outcomes after ACLR. However, it is unknown if kinesiophobia alters brain activity after ACL injury. OBJECTIVES To compare brain activity between an ACLR group and matched uninjured controls during an action-observation drop vertical jump (AO-DVJ) paradigm and to explore the association between kinesiophobia and brain activity in the ACLR group. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 26 individuals, 13 with ACLR (5 males and 8 females, 20.62 ± 1.93 years, 1.71 ± 0.1 m, 68.42 ± 14.75 kg) and 13 matched uninjured controls (5 males and 8 females, 22.92 ± 3.17 years, 1.74 ± 0.10 m, 70.48 ± 15.38 kg). Individuals were matched on sex and activity level. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) to evaluate the level of movement-related fear. To assay the brain activity associated with a functional movement, the current study employed an action-observation/motor imagery paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS The ACLR group had lower brain activity in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex relative to the uninjured control group. Brain activity of the left cerebellum Crus I and Crus II, the right cerebellum lobule IX, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus, and temporal pole were positively correlated with TSK-11 scores in the ACLR group. CONCLUSION Brain activity for the AO-DVJ paradigm was different between the ACLR group and uninjured controls. Secondly, in participants with ACLR, there was a positive relationship between TSK-11 scores and activity in brain areas engaged in fear and cognitive processes during the AO-DVJ paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoWon Kim
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - James A Onate
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cody R Criss
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Heritage Fellow, Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Janet E Simon
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Dominik Mischkowski
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Psychology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Dustin R Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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15
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Ramanan S, Irish M, Patterson K, Rowe JB, Gorno-Tempini ML, Lambon Ralph MA. Understanding the multidimensional cognitive deficits of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2022; 145:2955-2966. [PMID: 35857482 PMCID: PMC9473356 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is characterized by early deficits in language production and phonological short-term memory, attributed to left-lateralized temporoparietal, inferior parietal and posterior temporal neurodegeneration. Despite patients primarily complaining of language difficulties, emerging evidence points to performance deficits in non-linguistic domains. Temporoparietal cortex, and functional brain networks anchored to this region, are implicated as putative neural substrates of non-linguistic cognitive deficits in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, suggesting that degeneration of a shared set of brain regions may result in co-occurring linguistic and non-linguistic dysfunction early in the disease course. Here, we provide a Review aimed at broadening the understanding of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia beyond the lens of an exclusive language disorder. By considering behavioural and neuroimaging research on non-linguistic dysfunction in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, we propose that a significant portion of multidimensional cognitive features can be explained by degeneration of temporal/inferior parietal cortices and connected regions. Drawing on insights from normative cognitive neuroscience, we propose that these regions underpin a combination of domain-general and domain-selective cognitive processes, whose disruption results in multifaceted cognitive deficits including aphasia. This account explains the common emergence of linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive difficulties in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, and predicts phenotypic diversification associated with progression of pathology in posterior neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Ramanan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muireann Irish
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karalyn Patterson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Farron N, Clarke S, Crottaz-Herbette S. Does hand modulate the reshaping of the attentional system during rightward prism adaptation? An fMRI study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:909815. [PMID: 35967619 PMCID: PMC9363778 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to right-deviating prisms (R-PA), that is, learning to point with the right hand to targets perceived through prisms, has been shown to change spatial topography within the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) by increasing responses to left, central, and right targets on the left hemisphere and decreasing responses to right and central targets on the right hemisphere. As pointed out previously, this corresponds to a switch of the dominance of the ventral attentional network from the right to the left hemisphere. Since the encoding of hand movements in pointing paradigms is side-dependent, the choice of right vs. left hand for pointing during R-PA may influence the visuomotor adaptation process and hence the reshaping of the attentional system. We have tested this hypothesis in normal subjects by comparing activation patterns to visual targets in left, central, and right fields elicited before and after adaptation to rightward-deviating prisms using the right hand (RWRH) with those in two control groups. The first control group underwent adaptation to rightward-deviating prisms using the left hand, whereas the second control group underwent adaptation to leftward-deviating prisms using the right hand. The present study confirmed the previously described enhancement of left and central visual field representation within left IPL following R-PA. It further showed that the use of right vs. left hand during adaptation modulates this enhancement in some but not all parts of the left IPL. Interestingly, in some clusters identified in this study, L-PA with right hand mimics partially the effect of R-PA by enhancing activation elicited by left stimuli in the left IPL and by decreasing activation elicited by right stimuli in the right IPL. Thus, the use of right vs. left hand modulates the R-PA-induced reshaping of the ventral attentional system. Whether the choice of hand during R-PA affects also the reshaping of the dorsal attentional system remains to be determined as well as possible clinical applications of this approach. Depending on the patients' conditions, using the right or the left hand during PA might potentiate the beneficial effects of this intervention.
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17
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Clarke S, Farron N, Crottaz-Herbette S. Choosing Sides: Impact of Prismatic Adaptation on the Lateralization of the Attentional System. Front Psychol 2022; 13:909686. [PMID: 35814089 PMCID: PMC9260393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal studies revealed differences between the effect of adaptation to left- vs. right-deviating prisms (L-PA, R-PA) in normal subjects. Whereas L-PA leads to neglect-like shift in attention, demonstrated in numerous visuo-spatial and cognitive tasks, R-PA has only minor effects in specific aspects of a few tasks. The paucity of R-PA effects in normal subjects contrasts with the striking alleviation of neglect symptoms in patients with right hemispheric lesions. Current evidence from activation studies in normal subjects highlights the contribution of regions involved in visuo-motor control during prism exposure and a reorganization of spatial representations within the ventral attentional network (VAN) after the adaptation. The latter depends on the orientation of prisms used. R-PA leads to enhancement of the ipsilateral visual and auditory space within the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), switching thus the dominance of VAN from the right to the left hemisphere. L-PA leads to enhancement of the ipsilateral space in right IPL, emphasizing thus the right hemispheric dominance of VAN. Similar reshaping has been demonstrated in patients. We propose here a model, which offers a parsimonious explanation of the effect of L-PA and R-PA both in normal subjects and in patients with hemispheric lesions. The model posits that prismatic adaptation induces instability in the synaptic organization of the visuo-motor system, which spreads to the VAN. The effect is lateralized, depending on the side of prism deviation. Successful pointing with prisms implies reaching into the space contralateral, and not ipsilateral, to the direction of prism deviation. Thus, in the hemisphere contralateral to prism deviation, reach-related neural activity decreases, leading to instability of the synaptic organization, which induces a reshuffling of spatial representations in IPL. Although reshuffled spatial representations in IPL may be functionally relevant, they are most likely less efficient than regular representations and may thus cause partial dysfunction. The former explains, e.g., the alleviation of neglect symptoms after R-PA in patients with right hemispheric lesions, the latter the occurrence of neglect-like symptoms in normal subjects after L-PA. Thus, opting for R- vs. L-PA means choosing the side of major IPL reshuffling, which leads to its partial dysfunction in normal subjects and to recruitment of alternative or enhanced spatial representations in patients with hemispheric lesions.
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18
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Shahab QS, Young IM, Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Nicholas PJ, Lin YH, Fonseka RD, Yeung JT, Bai MY, Teo C, Doyen S, Sughrue ME. A connectivity model of the anatomic substrates underlying Gerstmann syndrome. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac140. [PMID: 35706977 PMCID: PMC9189613 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gerstmann syndrome is a constellation of neurological deficits that include agraphia, acalculia, left–right discrimination and finger agnosia. Despite a growing interest in this clinical phenomenon, there remains controversy regarding the specific neuroanatomic substrates involved. Advancements in data-driven, computational modelling provides an opportunity to create a unified cortical model with greater anatomic precision based on underlying structural and functional connectivity across complex cognitive domains. A literature search was conducted for healthy task-based functional MRI and PET studies for the four cognitive domains underlying Gerstmann’s tetrad using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and BrainMap Sleuth (2.4). Coordinate-based, meta-analytic software was utilized to gather relevant regions of interest from included studies to create an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) map for each cognitive domain. Machine-learning was used to match activated regions of the ALE to the corresponding parcel from the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Diffusion spectrum imaging-based tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity between relevant parcels in each domain on 51 healthy subjects from the HCP database. Ultimately 102 functional MRI studies met our inclusion criteria. A frontoparietal network was found to be involved in the four cognitive domains: calculation, writing, finger gnosis, and left–right orientation. There were three parcels in the left hemisphere, where the ALE of at least three cognitive domains were found to be overlapping, specifically the anterior intraparietal area, area 7 postcentral (7PC) and the medial intraparietal sulcus. These parcels surround the anteromedial portion of the intraparietal sulcus. Area 7PC was found to be involved in all four domains. These regions were extensively connected in the intraparietal sulcus, as well as with a number of surrounding large-scale brain networks involved in higher-order functions. We present a tractographic model of the four neural networks involved in the functions which are impaired in Gerstmann syndrome. We identified a ‘Gerstmann Core’ of extensively connected functional regions where at least three of the four networks overlap. These results provide clinically actionable and precise anatomic information which may help guide clinical translation in this region, such as during resective brain surgery in or near the intraparietal sulcus, and provides an empiric basis for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi S. Shahab
- University of New South Wales School of Medicine, , 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology , Sydney, 2000, Australia
| | | | - Yueh-Hsin Lin
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - R. Dineth Fonseka
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Jacky T. Yeung
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Y. Bai
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Charles Teo
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | | | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology , Sydney, 2000, Australia
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
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19
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Hensel L, Lange F, Tscherpel C, Viswanathan S, Freytag J, Volz LJ, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Recovered grasping performance after stroke depends on interhemispheric frontoparietal connectivity. Brain 2022; 146:1006-1020. [PMID: 35485480 PMCID: PMC9976969 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity changes in the ipsi- and contralesional parietal cortex and abnormal interhemispheric connectivity between these regions are commonly observed after stroke, however, their significance for motor recovery remains poorly understood. We here assessed the contribution of ipsilesional and contralesional anterior intraparietal cortex (aIPS) for hand motor function in 18 recovered chronic stroke patients and 18 healthy control subjects using a multimodal assessment consisting of resting-state functional MRI, motor task functional MRI, online-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) interference, and 3D movement kinematics. Effects were compared against two control stimulation sites, i.e. contralesional M1 and a sham stimulation condition. We found that patients with good motor outcome compared to patients with more substantial residual deficits featured increased resting-state connectivity between ipsilesional aIPS and contralesional aIPS as well as between ipsilesional aIPS and dorsal premotor cortex. Moreover, interhemispheric connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional M1 as well as ipsilesional aIPS and contralesional M1 correlated with better motor performance across tasks. TMS interference at individual aIPS and M1 coordinates led to differential effects depending on the motor task that was tested, i.e. index finger-tapping, rapid pointing movements, or a reach-grasp-lift task. Interfering with contralesional aIPS deteriorated the accuracy of grasping, especially in patients featuring higher connectivity between ipsi- and contralesional aIPS. In contrast, interference with the contralesional M1 led to impaired grasping speed in patients featuring higher connectivity between bilateral M1. These findings suggest differential roles of contralesional M1 and aIPS for distinct aspects of recovered hand motor function, depending on the reorganization of interhemispheric connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hensel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Lange
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Caroline Tscherpel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shivakumar Viswanathan
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jana Freytag
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas J Volz
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Correspondence to: Christian Grefkes Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3) Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany E-mail:
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20
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Default mode and dorsal attention network involvement in visually guided motor sequence learning. Cortex 2021; 146:89-105. [PMID: 34844195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Motor sequence learning (MSL) paradigms are often used to investigate the neural processes underlying the acquisition of complex motor skills. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have indicated an early stage in which spatial learning is prominent and a late stage of automatized performance after multiple training periods. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies yielded both decreased and increased activations of the sensorimotor and association areas. However, task-negative and task-positive intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), the default mode (DMN) and dorsal attention (DAN) networks involved in governing attention demands during various task conditions were not specifically addressed in most studies. In the present fMRI study, a visually guided MSL (VMSL) task was used for bringing roles of visuospatial and motor attention into foreground in order to investigate the role of attention-related ICNs in MSL. Seventeen healthy, right-handed participants completed training and test sessions of VMSL during fMRI on the 1st day. Then, after daily training for three consecutive days outside the scanner, they were re-tested during the 5th day's scanning session. When test session after early learning period was compared with training session, activation decrease was observed in the occipito-temporal fusiform cortex, while task-related suppression of DMN was reduced. Reduced deactivation after early learning was correlated with decreased error rates. After late learning stage we observed activation decreases in bilateral superior parietal lobules of task-positive DAN, dorsal precunei, and cerebellum. Reduced activity in left posterior parietal and right cerebellar regions were correlated with gains in speed, error rate, respectively. This dissociation in activity changes of DMN and DAN related areas suggests that DAN shows high contribution during both early and late MSL stages, possibly due to attention requirement for automatization of spatial and temporal aspects of motor sequence. In contrast, spatial learning occurring during early MSL stage was sufficient for releasing DMN resources.
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21
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Chilvers MJ, Hawe RL, Scott SH, Dukelow SP. Investigating the neuroanatomy underlying proprioception using a stroke model. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:120029. [PMID: 34695704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical investigations have associated cortical areas, beyond Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1), with impaired proprioception. Cortical regions have included temporoparietal (TP) regions (supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus) and insula. Previous approaches have struggled to account for concurrent damage across multiple brain regions. Here, we used a targeted lesion analysis approach to examine the impact of specific combinations of cortical and sub-cortical lesions and quantified the prevalence of proprioceptive impairments when different regions are damaged or spared. Seventy-seven individuals with stroke (49 male; 28 female) were identified meeting prespecified lesion criteria based on MRI/CT imaging: 1) TP lesions without S1, 2) TP lesions with S1, 3) isolated S1 lesions, 4) isolated insula lesions, and 5) lesions not impacting these regions (other regions group). Initially, participants meeting these criteria (1-4) were grouped together into right or left lesion groups and compared to each other, and the other regions group (5), on a robotic Arm Position Matching (APM) task and a Kinesthesia (KIN) task. We then examined the behaviour of individuals that met each specific criteria (groups 1-5). Proprioceptive impairments were more prevalent following right hemisphere lesions than left hemisphere lesions. The extent of damage to TP regions correlated with performance on both robotic tasks. Even without concurrent S1 lesions, TP and insular lesions were associated with impairments on the APM and KIN tasks. Finally, lesions not impacting these regions were much less likely to result in impairments. This study highlights the critical importance of TP and insular regions for accurate proprioception. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work advances our understanding of the neuroanatomy of human proprioception. We validate the importance of regions, beyond the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway and S1, for proprioception. Further, we provide additional evidence of the importance of the right hemisphere for human proprioception. Improved knowledge on the neuroanatomy of proprioception is crucial for advancing therapeutic approaches which target individuals with proprioceptive impairments following neurological injury or with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Chilvers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Rachel L Hawe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sean P Dukelow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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22
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Yordanova J, Gajewski PD, Getzmann S, Kirov R, Falkenstein M, Kolev V. Neural Correlates of Aging-Related Differences in Pro-active Control in a Dual Task. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682499. [PMID: 34658834 PMCID: PMC8516400 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multi-tasking is usually impaired in older people. In multi-tasking, a fixed order of sub-tasks can improve performance by promoting a time-structured preparation of sub-tasks. How proactive control prioritizes the pre-activation or inhibition of complex tasks in older people has received no sufficient clarification so far. Objective: To explore the effects of aging on neural proactive control mechanisms in a dual task. Methodology: To address this question, the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm was used. Two 2-alternative-forced-choice reaction tasks with a predefined order (T1 and T2) signaled by a cue had to be executed simultaneously or consecutively by young (mean age 25.1 years, n = 36) and old subjects (mean age 70.4 years, n = 118). Performance indices of dual-task preparation were used to assess the focused preparation of T1 and T2. To compare preparatory mechanisms at the neurophysiologic level, multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded and negative slow cortical potentials (SCPs) were analyzed as objective markers of the amount and localization of cortical pre-activation before sub-task presentation. Results: Dual-task performance was significantly slower in old adults. T1 performance was facilitated in both age groups, but T2 processing in old adults was not optimized by the temporal structure as efficiently as in young adults. Also, only young adults manifested a stable pattern of focused of negative slow-wave activity increase at medial frontal and right-hemisphere posterior regions, which was associated with a coordinated preparatory T1 pre-activation and T2 deferment, while old adults manifested a broad topographic distribution of negative SCPs associated with a pre-activation of sensory and motor processes. Conclusions: These observations demonstrate that the proactive preparation for dual tasking is altered with aging. It is suggested that in young adults, attention-based pre-activation of working memory and inhibitory networks in the right hemisphere synchronizes the simultaneous preparation of the two sub-tasks, whereas in old adults, sensory and motor networks appear to be non-specifically pre-activated for subsequent deferred mode of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Patrick D Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roumen Kirov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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23
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Tzagarakis C, West S, Pellizzer G. Neural Encoding of the Reliability of Directional Information During the Preparation of Targeted Movements. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:679408. [PMID: 34504412 PMCID: PMC8421604 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.679408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual information about the location of an upcoming target can be used to prepare an appropriate motor response and reduce its reaction time. Here, we investigated the brain mechanisms associated with the reliability of directional information used for motor preparation. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a delayed reaching task in which a visual cue provided valid information about the location of the upcoming target with 50, 75, or 100% reliability. We found that reaction time increased as cue reliability decreased and that trials with invalid cues had longer reaction times than trials with valid cues. MEG channel analysis showed that during the late cue period the power of the beta-band from left mid-anterior channels, contralateral to the responding hand, correlated with the reliability of the cue. This effect was source localized over a large motor-related cortical and subcortical network. In addition, during invalid-cue trials there was a phasic increase of theta-band power following target onset from left posterior channels, localized to the left occipito-parietal cortex. Furthermore, the theta-beta cross-frequency coupling between left mid-occipital and motor cortex transiently increased before responses to invalid-cue trials. In conclusion, beta-band power in motor-related areas reflected the reliability of directional information used during motor preparation, whereas phasic theta-band activity may have signaled whether the target was at the expected location or not. These results elucidate mechanisms of interaction between attentional and motor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charidimos Tzagarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah West
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pellizzer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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24
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Wang T, Chen X, Pan W, Xiao Q, Chen A. The neural network underlying individual differences in conflict adaptation effect. Biol Psychol 2021; 164:108150. [PMID: 34298127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals must constantly adjust their behavior to adapt to the changing environment, and this dynamic adjustment ability has been studied through the conflict adaptation effect (CAE). We explored the resting state brain network underlying individual differences in CAE. The functional connection strength between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral insula or right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was negatively correlated with CAE, whereas the connection strength between DLPFC and left inferior parietal lobule was positively correlated with CAE. We speculated that, when faced with conflict, individuals with low CAE employ salience network to detect conflict, and then control is performed by DLPFC; in individuals with high CAEs who maintain a high level of control in all tasks, conflict is resolved mainly by the central executive network. In other words, in conflict tasks, individuals with high CAEs adopt proactive control strategies, but their counterparts with low CAEs employ reactive control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Aviation Human Factors and Ergonomics, Department of Aviation Psychology, Institute of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Weigang Pan
- Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianguo Xiao
- Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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25
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Limanowski J, Friston K. Attentional Modulation of Vision Versus Proprioception During Action. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1637-1648. [PMID: 31670769 PMCID: PMC7132949 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To control our actions efficiently, our brain represents our body based on a combination of visual and proprioceptive cues, weighted according to how (un)reliable—how precise—each respective modality is in a given context. However, perceptual experiments in other modalities suggest that the weights assigned to sensory cues are also modulated “top-down” by attention. Here, we asked whether during action, attention can likewise modulate the weights (i.e., precision) assigned to visual versus proprioceptive information about body position. Participants controlled a virtual hand (VH) via a data glove, matching either the VH or their (unseen) real hand (RH) movements to a target, and thus adopting a ``visual'' or ``proprioceptive'' attentional set, under varying levels of visuo-proprioceptive congruence and visibility. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed increased activation of the multisensory superior parietal lobe (SPL) during the VH task and increased activation of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) during the RH task. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) showed that these activity changes were the result of selective, diametrical gain modulations in the primary visual cortex (V1) and the S2. These results suggest that endogenous attention can balance the gain of visual versus proprioceptive brain areas, thus contextualizing their influence on multisensory areas representing the body for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Limanowski
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Avelar-Pereira B, Tam GKY, Hosseini SMH. The effect of body posture on resting-state functional connectivity. Brain Connect 2021; 12:275-284. [PMID: 34114506 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important but under-investigated confound of functional MRI (fMRI) is body posture. Although it is well-established that body position changes cerebral blood flow, the amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, intracranial pressure, and even the firing rate of certain cell types, there is currently no study that directly examines its effect on fMRI measurements. Moreover, fMRI is typically done in a supine position, which often does not correspond to how these processes are performed in everyday settings. METHODS In this study, 20 healthy adults underwent resting-state fMRI under three body positions: supine, right lateral decubitus (RLD), and left lateral decubitus (LLD). We first investigated whether there were differences in overall organization of whole-brain connectivity between conditions using graph theory. Second, we examined whether functional connectivity of two most studied default mode network (DMN) seeds to the rest of the brain was altered as a function of body position. RESULTS Nonparametric statistical analyses revealed that global network measures differed among conditions, with the supine and LLD showing identical results compared to the RLD. There was decreased connectivity for DMN seeds in the RLD condition compared to the supine and LLD, but there were no significant differences between the latter two conditions. DISCUSSION Potential mechanisms underlying these alterations include gravity, changes in physiology, and body anatomy. Our results suggest that, compared to supine and LLD, the RLD position leads to changes in whole-brain and DMN connectivity. Finally, depending on the research question, combining imaging modalities that allow for more naturalistic settings can provide a better understanding of certain phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, California, United States, 94305;
| | - Grace K-Y Tam
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, United States;
| | - S M Hadi Hosseini
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, United States;
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27
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Potvin-Desrochers A, Paquette C. Potential Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Targets to Alleviate Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2021; 468:366-376. [PMID: 34102265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although FOG reduces quality of life, affects mobility and increases the risk of falls, there are little to no effective treatments to alleviate FOG. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has recently yielded attention as a potential treatment to reduce FOG symptoms however, stimulation parameters and protocols remain inconsistent and require further research. Specifically, targets for stimulation require careful review. Thus, with current neuroimaging and neuro-electrophysiological evidence, we consider potential cortical targets thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of FOG according to the Interference model, and within reach of NIBS. We note that the primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have already drawn attention as NIBS targets for FOG, but based on neuroimaging evidence the premotor cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, the cerebellum, and more particularly, the posterior parietal cortex should be considered as potential regions for stimulation. We also discuss different methodological considerations, such as stimulation type, medication state, and hemisphere to target, and future perspectives for NIBS protocols in FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Potvin-Desrochers
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Currie Gymnasium, 475 Pine Avenue West, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H2W 1S4, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital Research Site and CISSS Laval), 3205 Place Alton-Goldbloom, Laval, Québec H7V 1R2, Canada
| | - Caroline Paquette
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Currie Gymnasium, 475 Pine Avenue West, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H2W 1S4, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital Research Site and CISSS Laval), 3205 Place Alton-Goldbloom, Laval, Québec H7V 1R2, Canada.
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28
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Hills PJ, Arabacı G, Fagg J, Canter L, Thompson C, Moseley R. Low-frequency rTMS to the parietal lobe increases eye-movement carryover and decreases hazard rating. Neuropsychologia 2021; 158:107895. [PMID: 34043999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of attentional set from one task to a secondary unrelated task, revealed through carryover of eye movements, has been attributed to increased activation in the parietal lobe and decreased activation to the frontal lobe. To directly test this, we adopted a modified version of the Thompson and Crundall (2011) paradigm using low-frequency repetitive TMS to P3 and F3. In each trial, participants viewed letter-strings that were arranged horizontally, vertically, or randomly across the screen before viewing a road image and providing a hazardousness rating for it. The orientation of the letter search influenced eye movements to the road images and this carryover was greater following stimulation to F3 than to P3 (or sham). Furthermore, hazardous ratings were lower following P3 stimulation. These results confirm the involvement of attentional orienting and switching mechanisms in the carryover of eye movements. It is suggested that this "attentional inertia" effect will increase with greater orienting of attentional resources in an initial task and poor inhibition of previously-relevant settings between tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hills
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.
| | - G Arabacı
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - J Fagg
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - L Canter
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - C Thompson
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - R Moseley
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
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29
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Intra-Brain Connectivity vs. Inter-Brain Connectivity in Gestures Reproduction: What Relationship? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050577. [PMID: 33947101 PMCID: PMC8145238 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the neurosciences have become interested in the investigation of neural responses associated with the use of gestures. This study focuses on the relationship between the intra-brain and inter-brain connectivity mechanisms underlying the execution of different categories of gestures (positive and negative affective, social, and informative) characterizing non-verbal interactions between thirteen couples of subjects, each composed of an encoder and a decoder. The study results underline a similar modulation of intra- and inter-brain connectivity for alpha, delta, and theta frequency bands in specific areas (frontal or posterior regions) depending on the type of gesture. Moreover, taking into account the gestures' valence (positive or negative), a similar modulation of intra- and inter-brain connectivity in the left and right sides was observed. This study showed congruence in the intra-brain and inter-brain connectivity trend during the execution of different gestures, underlining how non-verbal exchanges might be characterized by intra-brain phase alignment and implicit mechanisms of mirroring and synchronization between the two individuals involved in the social exchange.
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30
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Choi S, Pyun SB. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Supplementary Motor Area Changes Brain Connectivity in Functional Dysphagia. Brain Connect 2021; 11:368-379. [PMID: 33781085 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies arguing that functional dysphagia could be explained by underlying neurobiological mechanisms are insufficient to explain brain regions that functionally interact in patients with functional dysphagia. Therefore, we investigated functional connectivity changes associated with functional dysphagia after applying facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the supplementary motor area (SMA). Materials and Methods: A patient with severe long-lasting functional dysphagia and 15 healthy controls participated in this study. A facilitatory 5 Hz rTMS protocol was applied to the patient's SMA. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using volitional swallowing tasks to investigate neural network changes before rTMS (pre-rTMS), immediately after rTMS, and 3 months later. Results: The pre-rTMS fMRI results of the patient showed extensive overactivation in the left-lateralized regions related to volitional swallowing compared with the healthy controls. Following rTMS, dysphagia symptoms partially improved. The patient showed positive connectivity with the bilateral cerebellum in the bilateral SMA seeds before rTMS treatment. Furthermore, left-lateralized overactivation was washed out immediately after completion of rTMS, and connectivity between the left SMA and left precentral gyrus recovered 3 months after rTMS treatment. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that functional dysphagia might be a neurobiological manifestation caused by maladaptive functional connectivity changes in brain structures related to swallowing. Furthermore, noninvasive brain modulation with rTMS over the SMA may facilitate functional connectivity changes between the cortical and subcortical regions. Accordingly, these changes will allow control of the movements related to swallowing and may lead to improved clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Choi
- Clinical Research Division, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bom Pyun
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Yordanova J, Kolev V, Nicolardi V, Simione L, Mauro F, Garberi P, Raffone A, Malinowski P. Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4909. [PMID: 33649378 PMCID: PMC7921394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Meditation practice is suggested to engage training of cognitive control systems in the brain. To evaluate the functional involvement of attentional and cognitive monitoring processes during meditation, the present study analysed the electroencephalographic synchronization of fronto-parietal (FP) and medial-frontal (MF) brain networks in highly experienced meditators during different meditation states (focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation). The aim was to assess whether and how the connectivity patterns of FP and MF networks are modulated by meditation style and expertise. Compared to novice meditators, (1) highly experienced meditators exhibited a strong theta synchronization of both FP and MF networks in left parietal regions in all mediation styles, and (2) only the connectivity of lateralized beta MF networks differentiated meditation styles. The connectivity of intra-hemispheric theta FP networks depended non-linearly on meditation expertise, with opposite expertise-dependent patterns found in the left and the right hemisphere. In contrast, inter-hemispheric FP connectivity in faster frequency bands (fast alpha and beta) increased linearly as a function of expertise. The results confirm that executive control systems play a major role in maintaining states of meditation. The distinctive lateralized involvement of FP and MF networks appears to represent a major functional mechanism that supports both generic and style-specific meditation states. The observed expertise-dependent effects suggest that functional plasticity within executive control networks may underpin the emergence of unique meditation states in expert meditators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Valentina Nicolardi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Social and Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Simione
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mauro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Garberi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - Peter Malinowski
- School of Psychology, Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Liverpool, UK
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32
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Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Alù F, Orticoni A, Judica E, Cotelli M, Rossini PM. Brain sources' activity in resting state before a visuo-motor task. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33601343 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe7ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective In modern neuroscience, the underlying mechanisms of the elaboration and reaction to different kinds of stimuli of the brain hemispheres remain still very challenging to understand, together with the possibility to anticipate certain behaviors to improve the performance. Approach The purpose of the present study was to investigate the brain rhythms characteristics of EEG recordings and in particular, their interhemispheric differences in resting state condition before a visuo-motor task in a population of healthy adults. During the task, subjects were asked to react to a sequence of visual cues as quick as possible. The reaction times (RTs) to the task were measured, collected and correlated with the EEG signals recorded in a resting state condition immediately preceding the task. The EEG data were analyzed in the space of cortical sources of EEG rhythms by the computation of the Global Spectra Power Density (GSPD) in the left and in the right hemisphere, and of an index of brain Laterality L. Main results The results showed a negative correlation between the RTs and the GSPD in the central areas in the left and in the right hemisphere in both eyes open and eyes closed conditions. A close to significant and negative correlation was found in the parietal areas. Furthermore, RTs negatively correlated with L in the central areas in eyes closed condition. The results showed a negative correlation between the RTs and the GSPD in the central areas in the left and in the right hemisphere in both eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Significance The correlations between the brain activity before a task and the RTs to the task can represent an interesting tool for exploring the brain state characterization for the upcoming tasks performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, Roma, 00166, ITALY
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, Roma, Lazio, 00166, ITALY
| | - Francesca Alù
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, Roma, Lazio, 00166, ITALY
| | - Alessandro Orticoni
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, Roma, Lazio, 00166, ITALY
| | - Elda Judica
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico SpA, Via Giuseppe Dezza, 48, Milano, Lombardia, 20144, ITALY
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni, 4, Brescia, Lombardia, 25125, ITALY
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, Roma, Lazio, 00166, ITALY
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33
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Keles HO, Cengiz C, Demiral I, Ozmen MM, Omurtag A. High density optical neuroimaging predicts surgeons's subjective experience and skill levels. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247117. [PMID: 33600502 PMCID: PMC7891714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring cognitive load is important for surgical education and patient safety. Traditional approaches of measuring cognitive load of surgeons utilise behavioural metrics to measure performance and surveys and questionnaires to collect reports of subjective experience. These have disadvantages such as sporadic data, occasionally intrusive methodologies, subjective or misleading self-reporting. In addition, traditional approaches use subjective metrics that cannot distinguish between skill levels. Functional neuroimaging data was collected using a high density, wireless NIRS device from sixteen surgeons (11 attending surgeons and 5 surgery resident) and 17 students while they performed two laparoscopic tasks (Peg transfer and String pass). Participant’s subjective mental load was assessed using the NASA-TLX survey. Machine learning approaches were used for predicting the subjective experience and skill levels. The Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activations were greater in students who reported higher-than-median task load, as measured by the NASA-TLX survey. However in the case of attending surgeons the opposite tendency was observed, namely higher activations in the lower v higher task loaded subjects. We found that response was greater in the left PFC of students particularly near the dorso- and ventrolateral areas. We quantified the ability of PFC activation to predict the differences in skill and task load using machine learning while focussing on the effects of NIRS channel separation distance on the results. Our results showed that the classification of skill level and subjective task load could be predicted based on PFC activation with an accuracy of nearly 90%. Our finding shows that there is sufficient information available in the optical signals to make accurate predictions about the surgeons’ subjective experiences and skill levels. The high accuracy of results is encouraging and suggest the integration of the strategy developed in this study as a promising approach to design automated, more accurate and objective evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Onur Keles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Canberk Cengiz
- Department of Electroneurophysiology, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Demiral
- Department of OB&GYN, 29 May State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Omurtag
- Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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34
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Rochart R, Liu Q, Fonteh AN, Harrington MG, Arakaki X. Compromised Behavior and Gamma Power During Working Memory in Cognitively Healthy Individuals With Abnormal CSF Amyloid/Tau. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:574214. [PMID: 33192465 PMCID: PMC7591805 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.574214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that gamma activity changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), revealing synaptic pathology and potential therapeutic applications. We aim to explore whether cognitive challenge combined with quantitative EEG (qEEG) can unmask abnormal gamma frequency power in healthy individuals at high risk of developing AD. We analyzed low (30–50 Hz) and high gamma (50–80 Hz) power over six brain regions at EEG sensor level (frontal/central/parietal/left temporal/right temporal/occipital) in a dataset collected from an aging cohort during N-back working memory (WM) testing at two different load conditions (N = 0 or 2). Cognitively healthy (CH) study participants (≥60 years old) of both sexes were divided into two subgroups: normal amyloid/tau ratios (CH-NAT, n = 10) or pathological amyloid/tau (CH-PAT, n = 14) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). During low load (0-back) challenge, low gamma is higher in CH-PATs than CH-NATs over frontal and central regions (p = 0.014∼0.032, effect size (Cohen’s d) = 0.95∼1.11). However, during high load (2-back) challenge, low gamma is lower in CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs over the left temporal region (p = 0.045, Cohen’s d = −0.96), and high gamma is lower over the parietal region (p = 0.035, Cohen’s d = −1.02). Overall, our studies show a medium to large negative effect size across the scalp (Cohen’s d = −0.51∼−1.02). In addition, low gamma during 2-back is positively correlated with 0-back accuracy over all regions except the occipital region only in CH-NATs (r = 0.69∼0.77, p = 0.0098∼0.027); high gamma during 2-back correlated positively with 0-back accuracy over all regions in CH-NATs (r = 0.68∼0.78, p = 0.007∼0.030); high gamma during 2-back negatively correlated with 0-back response time over parietal, right temporal, and occipital regions in CH-NATs (r = −0.70∼−0.66, p = 0.025∼0.037). We interpret these preliminary results to show: (1) gamma power is compromised in AD-biomarker positive individuals, who are otherwise cognitively healthy (CH-PATs); (2) gamma is associated with WM performance in normal aging (CH-NATs) (most significantly in the frontoparietal region). Our pilot findings encourage further investigations in combining cognitive challenges and qEEG in developing neurophysiology-based markers for identifying individuals in the prodromal stage, to help improving our understanding of AD pathophysiology and the contributions of low- and high-frequency gamma oscillations in cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Rochart
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Quanying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Michael G Harrington
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
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The neurocognitive underpinnings of the Simon effect: An integrative review of current research. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1133-1172. [PMID: 33025513 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For as long as half a century the Simon task - in which participants respond to a nonspatial stimulus feature while ignoring its position - has represented a very popular tool to study a variety of cognitive functions, such as attention, cognitive control, and response preparation processes. In particular, the task generates two theoretically interesting effects: the Simon effect proper and the sequential modulations of this effect. In the present study, we review the main theoretical explanations of both kinds of effects and the available neuroscientific studies that investigated the neural underpinnings of the cognitive processes underlying the Simon effect proper and its sequential modulation using electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related brain potentials (ERP), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Then, we relate the neurophysiological findings to the main theoretical accounts and evaluate their validity and empirical plausibility, including general implications related to processing interference and cognitive control. Overall, neurophysiological research supports claims that stimulus location triggers the creation of a spatial code, which activates a spatially compatible response that, in incompatible conditions, interferes with the response based on the task instructions. Integration of stimulus-response features plays a major role in the occurrence of the Simon effect (which is manifested in the selection of the response) and its modulation by sequential congruency effects. Additional neural mechanisms are involved in supporting the correct and inhibiting the incorrect response.
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Mengotti P, Käsbauer AS, Fink GR, Vossel S. Lateralization, functional specialization, and dysfunction of attentional networks. Cortex 2020; 132:206-222. [PMID: 32998061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review covers the latest findings on the lateralization of the dorsal and ventral attention systems, their functional specialization, and their clinical relevance for stroke-induced attentional dysfunction. First, the original assumption of a bilateral dorsal system for top-down attention and a right-lateralized ventral system for stimulus-driven attention is critically reviewed. The evidence for the involvement of the left parietal cortex in attentional functions is discussed and findings on putative pathways linking the dorsal and ventral network are presented. In the second part of the review, we focus on the different attentional subsystems and their lateralization, discussing the differences between spatial, feature- and object-based attention, and motor attention. We also review studies based on predictive coding frameworks of attentional functions. Finally, in the third section, we provide an overview of the consequences of specific disruption within the attention networks after stroke. The role of the interhemispheric (im)balance is discussed, and the results of new promising therapeutic approaches employing brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mengotti
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Anne-Sophie Käsbauer
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Vossel
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Gudmundsson L, Vohryzek J, Fornari E, Clarke S, Hagmann P, Crottaz-Herbette S. A brief exposure to rightward prismatic adaptation changes resting-state network characteristics of the ventral attentional system. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234382. [PMID: 32584824 PMCID: PMC7316264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A brief session of rightward prismatic adaptation (R-PA) has been shown to alleviate neglect symptoms in patients with right hemispheric damage, very likely by switching hemispheric dominance of the ventral attentional network (VAN) from the right to the left and by changing task-related activity within the dorsal attentional network (DAN). We have investigated this very rapid change in functional organisation with a network approach by comparing resting-state connectivity before and after a brief exposure i) to R-PA (14 normal subjects; experimental condition) or ii) to plain glasses (12 normal subjects; control condition). A whole brain analysis (comprising 129 regions of interest) highlighted R-PA-induced changes within a bilateral, fronto-temporal network, which consisted of 13 nodes and 11 edges; all edges involved one of 4 frontal nodes, which were part of VAN. The analysis of network characteristics within VAN and DAN revealed a R-PA-induced decrease in connectivity strength between nodes and a decrease in local efficiency within VAN but not within DAN. These results indicate that the resting-state connectivity configuration of VAN is modulated by R-PA, possibly by decreasing its modularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gudmundsson
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Vohryzek
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Hedonia Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Fornari
- CIBM (Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale), Dept. of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Lab 5 (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Crottaz-Herbette
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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de Wit MM, Faseyitan O, Coslett HB. Ever-ready for action: Spatial effects on motor system excitability. Cortex 2020; 127:120-130. [PMID: 32172026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of excitability in the motor system can be observed before overt movements but also in response to covert invitations to act. We asked whether such changes can be induced in the absence of even covert motor instructions, namely, as a function of the location of the hand with reference to the body. Participants received single-pulse TMS over the motor cortex while they placed their contralateral hand (right hand in Experiment 1, left hand in Experiment 2) to the right or left of their body midline, and looked either at or away from their hand. In both experiments, greater excitability was observed when gaze was directed to the right. This finding is interpreted as a consequence of left brain lateralization of motor attention. Contrary to our expectations, we furthermore consistently observed greater excitability when gaze was directed away from the hand. To account for this finding, we introduce the concept of "surveillance attention" which, we speculate, modulates cortical gain, and thereby cortical excitability. Its function is to increase readiness to act in non-foveated regions of space. Such a process confers an advantage in environments, like those in which humans evolved, in which threatening stimuli may appear unexpectedly, and at any time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olufunsho Faseyitan
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The role of the striatum in visuomotor integration during handwriting: an fMRI study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:331-337. [PMID: 31901984 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the dorsal/sensorimotor striatum in visuomotor integration (i.e., the transformation of internal visual information about letter shapes into motor output) during handwriting. Twenty healthy participants underwent fMRI scanning with tasks consisting of self-paced handwriting of alphabetically ordered single letters and simple dots, with both tasks performed without visual feedback. Functional connectivity (FC) from these two tasks was compared to demonstrate the difference between coordinated activity arising during handwriting and the activity during a simpler motor condition. Our study focused upon the writing-specific cortico-striatal network of preselected regions of interest consisting of the visual word form area (VWFA), anterior intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule, striatum, premotor cortex/Exner's area, and primary and supplementary motor regions. We observed systematically increased task-induced cortico-striatal and cortico-cortical FC. This increased synchronization of neural activity between the VWFA, i.e., the visual cortical area containing information about letter shapes, and the frontoparietal motor regions is mediated by the striatum. These findings suggest the involvement of the striatum in integrating stored letter-shape information with motor planning and execution during handwriting.
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Balconi M, Fronda G. The Use of Hyperscanning to Investigate the Role of Social, Affective, and Informative Gestures in Non-Verbal Communication. Electrophysiological (EEG) and Inter-Brain Connectivity Evidence. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010029. [PMID: 31948108 PMCID: PMC7017113 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication can be considered as a joint action that involves two or more individuals transmitting different information. In particular, non-verbal communication involves body movements used to communicate different information, characterized by the use of specific gestures. The present study aims to investigate the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates underlying the use of affective, social, and informative gestures during a non-verbal interaction between an encoder and decoder. From the results of the single brain and inter-brain analyses, an increase of frontal alpha, delta, and theta brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity emerged for affective and social gestures; while, for informative gestures, an increase of parietal alpha brain responsiveness and alpha, delta, and theta inter-brain connectivity was observed. Regarding the inter-agents' role, an increase of frontal alpha activity was observed in the encoder compared to the decoder for social and affective gestures. Finally, regarding gesture valence, an increase of theta brain responsiveness and theta and beta inter-brain connectivity was observed for positive gestures on the left side compared to the right one. This study, therefore, revealed the function of the gesture type and valence in influencing individuals' brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity, showing the presence of resonance mechanisms underlying gesture execution and observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fronda
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wisniewski D, Forstmann B, Brass M. Outcome contingency selectively affects the neural coding of outcomes but not of tasks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19395. [PMID: 31852993 PMCID: PMC6920387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Value-based decision-making is ubiquitous in every-day life, and critically depends on the contingency between choices and their outcomes. Only if outcomes are contingent on our choices can we make meaningful value-based decisions. Here, we investigate the effect of outcome contingency on the neural coding of rewards and tasks. Participants performed a reversal-learning paradigm in which reward outcomes were contingent on trial-by-trial choices, and performed a ‘free choice’ paradigm in which rewards were random and not contingent on choices. We hypothesized that contingent outcomes enhance the neural coding of rewards and tasks, which was tested using multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data. Reward outcomes were encoded in a large network including the striatum, dmPFC and parietal cortex, and these representations were indeed amplified for contingent rewards. Tasks were encoded in the dmPFC at the time of decision-making, and in parietal cortex in a subsequent maintenance phase. We found no evidence for contingency-dependent modulations of task signals, demonstrating highly similar coding across contingency conditions. Our findings suggest selective effects of contingency on reward coding only, and further highlight the role of dmPFC and parietal cortex in value-based decision-making, as these were the only regions strongly involved in both reward and task coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wisniewski
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Birte Forstmann
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Torrance Test of Creative Thinking is the most widely used form of creativity test. Although creativity assessed using the figural form of Torrance Test of Creative Thinking has been considered non-unidimensional, the structural correlates for each separable dimension have yet to be explored. The present study investigated the underlying cortical structure of separable dimensions for creativity using the figural Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. To this end, we recruited healthy young adults and conducted a regression analysis of the figural Torrance Test of Creative Thinking scores of gray matter volume after factorizing the five subscales using exploratory factor analysis. As a result, two factors of the figural Torrance Test of Creative Thinking were identified: (1) 'FO' factor consisting of fluency and originality and (2) 'RAS' factor consisting resistance to premature closure, abstractness of titles, and sophistication/elaboration. Subsequently, the FO factor showed a positive association with cerebral volumes in the parieto-temporal regions of the left angular gyrus and the right inferior parietal lobule, inferior and middle temporal, and parahippocampal gyri, which overlapped the default network. The RAS factor showed a positive correlation with the fronto-temporal regions including the bilateral temporal area, the left inferior parietal, and the right dorsolateral prefrontal regions representing the semantic control network. Our findings revealed the morphological substrates for the figural Torrance Test of Creative Thinking depending on two creative dimensions. The implications of the results are discussed.
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Uehara S, Mizuguchi N, Hirose S, Yamamoto S, Naito E. Involvement of human left frontoparietal cortices in neural processes associated with task-switching between two sequences of skilled finger movements. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146365. [PMID: 31400310 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the involvement of left frontoparietal cortices in neural processes for task-switching between skilled movements. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted while thirty-two right-handed healthy participants performed two sequential finger-movement tasks with their left hands. One group (n = 16) trained these tasks through random-practice (tasks were either switched or repeated trial by trial) on one day and blocked-practice (successive intensive practice of each task) on the next day, while the remaining participants practiced in the reverse order. On the first day, performance of both tasks improved in all participants, suggesting that the two skilful tasks can be learned in both practice schedules. However, during the random-practice, the performance in the switched trials initially deteriorated and gradually approached to that in the repeated trials as the practice proceeded. The left (mainly inferior) frontoparietal cortices showed greater preparatory activity for the switched trials compared with the repeated trials in a left-hemispheric dominant manner, and the left intraparietal activity decreased as the performance of the switched trials improved. The results indicate that neural processes for task-switching are associated with the greater preparatory activity in the left inferior frontoparietal cortices, and the efficient switching may proceed concomitantly with the left intraparietal activity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Uehara
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mizuguchi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
| | - Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Parris BA, Wadsley MG, Hasshim N, Benattayallah A, Augustinova M, Ferrand L. An fMRI Study of Response and Semantic Conflict in the Stroop Task. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2426. [PMID: 31736827 PMCID: PMC6834775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An enduring question in selective attention research is whether we can successfully ignore an irrelevant stimulus and at what point in the stream of processing we are able to select the appropriate source of information. Using methods informed by recent research on the varieties of conflict in the Stroop task the present study provides evidence for specialized functions of regions of the frontoparietal network in processing response and semantic conflict during Stroop task performance. Specifically, we used trial types and orthogonal contrasts thought to better independently measure response and semantic conflict and we presented the trial types in pure blocks to maximize response conflict and therefore better distinguish between the conflict types. Our data indicate that the left inferior PFC plays an important role in the processing of both response and semantic (or stimulus) conflict, whilst regions of the left parietal cortex (BA40) play an accompanying role in response, but not semantic, conflict processing. Moreover, our study reports a role for the right mediodorsal thalamus in processing semantic, but not response, conflict. In none of our comparisons did we observe activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a finding we ascribe to the use of blocked trial type presentation and one that has implications for theories of ACC function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Hasshim
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ludovic Ferrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhang W, He X, Liu S, Li T, Li J, Tang X, Lai S. Neural correlates of appreciating natural landscape and landscape garden: Evidence from an fMRI study. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01335. [PMID: 31154672 PMCID: PMC6625478 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rambling natural landscapes or landscape gardens may invoke positive emotions. However, the manner in which people experience landscape gardens and the cortical differences in the appreciation of the naturalness and artificiality of landscapes remain unknown. METHODS This study scanned participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed photographs of natural landscapes and landscape gardens and performed scene type judgment task. RESULTS As predicted, we identified brain regions that were associated with perceptual process, cognitive process, and rewarding experience when appreciating natural landscapes and landscape gardens without color preference. Meanwhile, the contrast between the appreciation of landscape gardens and natural landscapes was characterized by stronger activations of the inferior occipital lobe, the left superior parietal lobule (SPL), the right fusiform gyrus, the right cuneus, and the right hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Responses in these regions indicate that the appreciation of landscape gardens and natural landscapes relies on common cortical regions, and suggest the possibility that the inferior occipital lobe, the SPL, the fusiform gyrus, and the cuneus may be specifically associated with the appreciation of landscape gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xianyou He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Learning and International Promotion of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sizhe Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tang
- School of Architecture & State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Modern Architecture Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Lai
- Preschool Education Guidance Center of Tianhe District, Public Kindergarten of Guangzhou Government, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Watanabe R, Katsuyama N, Usui N, Taira M. Effects of pseudoexperience on the understanding of hemiplegic movements in physical therapists: An fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101845. [PMID: 31075556 PMCID: PMC6510960 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical therapists (PTs) are required to obtain an accurate understanding of the physical and mental states of their patients through observational assessment. To perform comprehensive observational assessments of patients' movements, PTs likely need to engage their own neural systems involved in action understanding and theory of mind, such as the action observation network (AON) and the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). Both systems are modulated by the observer's actual experience with the observed movements. Although, most PTs do not have physical experience with neurological disabilities, they routinely examine hemiplegic movements in stroke patients, and are thus considered to have acquired pseudoexperience with hemiplegia. We hypothesized that the PTs' pseudoexperience with hemiplegia would modulate the neural system associated with the understanding of others to elaborately comprehend the physical and mental states associated with hemiplegia. To investigate our hypothesis, we recruited 19 PTs and 19 naïve participants (NPs) to undergo functional MRI (fMRI) for cortical activity measurement while viewing videos of hemiplegic (HHM) and non-hemiplegic (non-HHM) hand movements. The participants subsequently viewed the same videos again outside the MRI scanner, and evaluated the observed hand movements via a questionnaire. Compared to the NPs, the PTs showed greater activation in the AON and rTPJ while observing HHMs. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed increased connectivity between the rTPJ and AON when the PTs viewed the HHMs. Behavioral analyses further indicated that the PTs more accurately assessed feeling states associated with HHMs than did NPs. These findings suggest that the PTs' pseudoexperience modulates the AON and rTPJ, enabling them to better understand hemiplegia-associated feeling states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Watanabe
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 MD Tower 7F Yusima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Narumi Katsuyama
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 MD Tower 7F Yusima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nobuo Usui
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 MD Tower 7F Yusima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masato Taira
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 MD Tower 7F Yusima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Mock J, Huber S, Bloechle J, Bahnmueller J, Moeller K, Klein E. Processing symbolic and non-symbolic proportions: Domain-specific numerical and domain-general processes in intraparietal cortex. Brain Res 2019; 1714:133-146. [PMID: 30825420 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the processing of fractions and proportions focused mainly on the processing of their overall magnitude information in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). However, the IPS is also associated with domain-general cognitive functions beyond processing overall magnitude, which may nevertheless be involved in operating on magnitude information of proportions. To pursue this issue, the present study aimed at investigating whether there is a shared neural correlate for proportion processing in the intraparietal cortex beyond overall magnitude processing and how part-whole relations are processed on the neural level. Across four presentation formats (i.e., fractions, decimals, dot patterns, and pie charts) we observed a shared neural substrate in bilateral inferior parietal cortex, slightly anterior and inferior to IPS areas recently found for overall magnitude proportion processing. Nevertheless, when evaluating the neural correlates of part-whole processing (i.e., contrasting fractions, dot patterns, and pie charts vs. decimals), we found wide-spread activation in fronto-parietal brain areas. These results indicate involvement of domain-general cognitive processes in part-whole processing beyond processing the overall magnitude of proportions. The dissociation between proportions involving part-whole relations and decimals was further substantiated by a representational similarity analysis, which revealed common neural processing for fractions, pie charts, and dot patterns, possibly representing their bipartite part-whole structure. In contrast, decimals seemed to be processed differently on the neural level, possibly reflecting missing processes of actual proportion calculation in decimals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mock
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Huber
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bloechle
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Division of Neuropsychology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Bahnmueller
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, Eberhardt-Karls University Tuebingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elise Klein
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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Disruption of motor imagery performance following inhibition of the left inferior parietal lobe. Neuropsychologia 2019; 127:106-112. [PMID: 30807756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), a brain region localized to the ventro-dorsal stream, is known to be critical to motor imagery (MI) performance. Yet its specific role in processes underlying MI, namely the generation, maintenance, manipulation, and controllability of motor images, is conflicting in the literature. To determine the specific role of the left IPL in MI, the current study sought to examine the effect inhibition of the left IPL has on performance on two disparate measures thought to probe different MI processes within the same participants. Participants (N = 31) completed the hand laterality judgment task (HLJT), employed to probe processes related to manipulation and controllability, and mental chronometry, employed to probe processes related to generation and maintenance, after receiving either inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left IPL (Active-TMS group), or with the coil angled away from the scalp (Sham group). Impaired performance on the HLJT was observed following active TMS relative to sham. Similar mental chronometry performance resulted regardless of left IPL inhibition. In showing that inhibition of the left IPL selectively disrupted performance on the HLJT but not mental chronometry, our findings indicate that the left IPL is specifically involved in image manipulation and controllability during MI. Ultimately, the current study extends our understanding of the role of the left IPL in MI.
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Abstract
Changes in brain function in chronic pain have been studied using paradigms that deliver acute pain-eliciting stimuli or assess the brain at rest. Although motor disability accompanies many chronic pain conditions, few studies have directly assessed brain activity during motor function in individuals with chronic pain. Using chronic jaw pain as a model, we assessed brain activity during a precisely controlled grip force task and during a precisely controlled pain-eliciting stimulus on the forearm. We used multivariate analyses to identify regions across the brain whose activity together best separated the groups. We report 2 novel findings. First, although the parameters of grip force production were similar between the groups, the functional activity in regions including the prefrontal cortex, insula, and thalamus best separated the groups. Second, although stimulus intensity and pain perception were similar between the groups, functional activity in brain regions including the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, rostral ventral premotor cortex, and inferior parietal lobule best separated the groups. Our observations suggest that chronic jaw pain is associated with changes in how the brain processes motor and pain-related information even when the effector producing the force or experiencing the pain-eliciting stimulus is distant from the jaw. We also demonstrate that motor tasks and multivariate analyses offer alternative approaches for studying brain function in chronic jaw pain.
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Sun X, Li L, Mo C, Mo L, Wang R, Ding G. Dissociating the neural substrates for inhibition and shifting in domain-general cognitive control. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1920-1931. [PMID: 30706976 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition and shifting are two key components of domain-general cognitive control. Numerous studies have investigated the neural substrates of both components, but it is still unclear whether the relevant brain regions are specifically involved in one specific component or commonly engaged in both components. Here, we addressed this question by using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a modified saccade paradigm that was effective to disentangle inhibition and shifting in one experiment. The results showed that both the middle frontal gyrus and left parietal lobe were involved in both components but the middle frontal gyrus was more active for the inhibition while the inferior parietal lobe was more active for the shifting processing. The outcome suggests that, although both regions are engaged in inhibition and shifting, each plays a dominant role in one component. These findings provide a further insight into the neural dissociation in inhibition and shifting, as well as a better explanation on the framework of unity and diversity from a neuropsychological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Mo
- Peking University - Tsinghua University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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