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Wang J, Su Y, Liu H, Li Y, Fang X, Yu X, Li Q, Han W. Association between the Reduced Expression of RECK and Neutrophilic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:480-488. [PMID: 38387446 DOI: 10.1159/000536021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), a recently discovered inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). There is a large number of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients worldwide; however, the role of RECK on COPD has not been studied. This study explored the expression of RECK in COPD patients and its effect on neutrophil function to provide a new scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of COPD. METHOD Fifty patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and fifty healthy controls were enrolled in the study. RECK was detected in lung tissue, sputum, and plasma of subjects as well as in BEAS-2B cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, lung function (FEV1%pred) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) were examined, and correlation analysis was performed with RECK expression. The effect of RECK on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory cytokines and its potential mechanism was further quantified by neutrophil stimulated with recombinant human RECK protein (rhRECK) combined with CSE using CCK8, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western analysis. RESULTS RECK was mainly expressed on airway epithelial cells in normal lung tissue and was significantly diminished in COPD patients. The levels of RECK in sputum and plasma were also significantly decreased in COPD patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that RECK level in plasma was positively correlated with FEV1%pred (r = 0.458, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 (r = -0.386, -0.437; p = 0.006, 0.002) in COPD patients. The expression of RECK was decreased in BEAS-2B stimulated with CSE. The migration, inflammation, and MMP-9 expression of neutrophils were promoted by CSE, while inhibited by rhRECK. CONCLUSION RECK is low expressed in COPD patients and negatively correlated with inflammation. It may inhibit the inflammation and migration of neutrophils by downregulating MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejie Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Wei Fang, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Lee MM, Zuo Y, Steiling K, Mizgerd JP, Kalesan B, Walkey AJ. Clinical risk factors and blood protein biomarkers of 10-year pneumonia risk. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.07.23299678. [PMID: 38105941 PMCID: PMC10723561 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.23299678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation may increase susceptibility to pneumonia. Research Question To explore associations between clinical comorbidities, serum protein immunoassays, and long-term pneumonia risk. Methods Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort participants ≥65 years were linked to their Centers for Medicare Services claims data. Clinical data and 88 serum protein immunoassays were evaluated for associations with 10-year incident pneumonia risk using Fine-Gray models for competing risks of death and least absolute shrinkage and selection operators for covariate selection. Results We identified 1,370 participants with immunoassays and linkage to Medicare data. During 10 years of follow up, 428 (31%) participants had a pneumonia diagnosis. Chronic pulmonary disease [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33-2.61], current smoking (SHR 1.79, CI 1.31-2.45), heart failure (SHR 1.74, CI 1.10-2.74), atrial fibrillation/flutter (SHR 1.43, CI 1.06-1.93), diabetes (SHR 1.36, CI 1.05-1.75), hospitalization within one year (SHR 1.34, CI 1.09-1.65), and age (SHR 1.06 per year, CI 1.04-1.08) were associated with pneumonia. Three baseline serum protein measurements were associated with pneumonia risk independent of measured clinical factors: growth differentiation factor 15 (SHR 1.32; CI 1.02-1.69), C-reactive protein (SHR 1.16, CI 1.06-1.27) and matrix metallopeptidase 8 (SHR 1.14, CI 1.01-1.30). Addition of C-reactive protein to the clinical model improved prediction (Akaike information criterion 4950 from 4960; C-statistic of 0.64 from 0.62). Conclusions Clinical comorbidities and serum immunoassays were predictive of pneumonia risk. C-reactive protein, a routinely-available measure of inflammation, modestly improved pneumonia risk prediction over clinical factors. Our findings support the hypothesis that prior inflammation may increase the risk of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Lee
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Katrina Steiling
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Joseph P. Mizgerd
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Allan J. Walkey
- Division of Health Systems Science, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Takada K, Suzukawa M, Tashimo H, Ohshima N, Fukutomi Y, Kobayashi N, Taniguchi M, Ishii M, Akishita M, Ohta K. Serum MMP3 and IL1-RA levels may be useful biomarkers for detecting asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap in patients with asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100840. [PMID: 38020287 PMCID: PMC10663683 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) is characterized by concurrent features of asthma and COPD. Since disease pathogenesis, severities, and treatments differ between asthma and ACO, it is important to differentiate them. Objective To clarify and compare the characteristics of ACO and asthma and identify the serum biomarkers for differentiating them, especially in older patients. Methods This study used the data of 639 participants from the nationwide cohort study, the NHOM-Asthma study, an asthma registry in Japan, with complete information on smoking history, respiratory function, and serum biomarkers. ACO was defined as the self-reported comorbidity of COPD or emphysema, or with obstructive pulmonary function and smoking history (pack-years≥10). The clinical characteristics of patients with ACO and asthma without COPD were compared. The serum biomarkers for differentiation were examined using receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariable analysis. The associations between the biomarkers and age were also analyzed. Results Of the 639 asthma patients, 125 (19.6%) were diagnosed with ACO; these patients were older and male-dominant and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Among the serum biomarkers that were significantly different between ACO and asthma without COPD, the YKL-40/CHI3L1, MMP3, and IL-1RA levels showed a high area under the curve for discriminating ACO. Only the MMP3 and IL-1RA levels were significantly higher among ACO patients, regardless of age and sex; the YKL-40/CHI3L1 levels were not different due to the effect of age. Conclusion MMP3 and IL-1RA may be useful serum biomarkers for distinguishing ACO from asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Takada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, 204-8585, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, 204-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashimo
- Asthma, Allergy and Rheumatology Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, 204-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Ohshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, 204-8585, Japan
| | - Yuma Fukutomi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | | | - Masami Taniguchi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, 247-8533, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishii
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ken Ohta
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, 204-8585, Japan
- Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, JATA Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, 204-8522, Japan
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Galaris A, Fanidis D, Tsitoura E, Kanellopoulou P, Barbayianni I, Ntatsoulis K, Touloumi K, Gramenoudi S, Karampitsakos T, Tzouvelekis A, Antoniou K, Aidinis V. Increased lipocalin-2 expression in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1195501. [PMID: 37746070 PMCID: PMC10513431 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1195501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with dismal prognosis. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. However, recurrent epithelial damage is considered critical for disease initiation and perpetuation, via the secretion of soluble factors that amplify inflammation and lead to fibroblast activation and exuberant deposition of ECM components. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) that has been suggested as a biomarker of kidney damage. LCN2 has been reported to modulate innate immunity, including the recruitment of neutrophils, and to protect against bacterial infections by sequestering iron. Methods In silico analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets; ELISAs on human IPF patients' bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs); bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice: pulmonary function tests, histology, Q-RT-PCR, western blot, and FACS analysis. Results and discussion Increased LCN2 mRNA expression was detected in the lung tissue of IPF patients negatively correlating with respiratory functions, as also shown for BALF LCN2 protein levels in a cohort of IPF patients. Increased Lcn2 expression was also detected upon BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, especially at the acute phase correlating with neutrophilic infiltration, as well as upon LPS-induced ALI, an animal model characterized by neutrophilic infiltration. Surprisingly, and non withstanding the limitations of the study and the observed trends, Lcn2-/- mice were found to still develop BLM- or LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, thus questioning a major pathogenic role for Lcn2 in mice. However, LCN2 qualifies as a surrogate biomarker of pulmonary inflammation and a possible indicator of compromised pulmonary functions, urging for larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Galaris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kanellopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Barbayianni
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ntatsoulis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Touloumi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Gramenoudi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
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The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Inflammation with a Focus on Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810546. [PMID: 36142454 PMCID: PMC9500641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling through the degradation of extracellular matrix components and are also involved in the inflammatory response by regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Dysregulation in the inflammatory response and changes in the extracellular matrix by MMPs are related to the development of various diseases including lung and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to understand the role of MMPs in disease pathogenesis. MMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases through a dysregulation of the activity and expression of MMPs. In this review, we discuss the role of MMPs in infectious diseases and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we present the potential of MMPs as therapeutic targets in infectious diseases.
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Cinetto F, Ceccato J, Caputo I, Cangiano D, Montini B, Lunardi F, Piazza M, Agostini C, Calabrese F, Semenzato G, Rattazzi M, Gurrieri C, Scarpa R, Felice C, Vianello F. GSK-3 Inhibition Modulates Metalloproteases in a Model of Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:633054. [PMID: 34235177 PMCID: PMC8255387 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is mainly characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix deposition, consequent to epithelial lung injury and myofibroblast activation, and inflammatory response. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine-threonine kinase involved in several pathways, and its inhibition has been already suggested as a therapeutic strategy for IPF patients. There is evidence that GSK-3 is able to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and that its inhibition modulates MMP expression in the tissues. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of GSK-3 and its inhibition in the modulation of MMP-9 and -2 in an in vivo mouse model of lung fibrosis and in vitro using different cell lines exposed to pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic stimuli. We found that GSK-3 inhibition down-modulates gene expression and protein levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in inflammatory cells harvested from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice treated with bleomycin as well as in interstitial alveolar macrophages and cuboidalized epithelial alveolar cells. To the same extent, GSK-3 inhibition blunted the increased MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity induced by pro-fibrotic stimuli in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Moreover, the αSMA protein level, a marker of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition involved in fibrosis, was decreased in primary fibroblasts treated with TGFβ following GSK-3 inhibition. Our results confirm the implication of GSK-3 in lung inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting that it might play its role by modulating MMP expression and activity but also pushing fibroblasts toward a myofibroblast phenotype and therefore enhancing extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, its inhibition could represent a possible therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cinetto
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceccato
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caputo
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Cangiano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Montini
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP) Città Della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Piazza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostini
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Rattazzi
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scarpa
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carla Felice
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Fujino N, Sugiura H. ACO (Asthma-COPD Overlap) Is Independent from COPD, a Case in Favor: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:859. [PMID: 34064650 PMCID: PMC8150952 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are now recognized to be able to co-exist as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). It is clinically relevant to evaluate whether patients with COPD concurrently have components of asthma in primary care. This is because: (i) ACO is a relatively common condition among asthma (over 40 years of age) or COPD irrespective of its diagnosis criteria; (ii) patients with ACO can have higher frequency of exacerbation and more rapid decline in lung function than those with asthma or COPD; and (iii) asthmatic features such as eosinophilic airway inflammation are promising indicators for prediction of inhaled corticosteroid-responsiveness in COPD. The aim of this review to evaluate diagnostic markers for ACO. We searched PubMed for articles related to ACO published until 2020. Articles associated with diagnostic biomarkers were included. We identified a total of 25 studies, some of which have revealed that a combination of biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide and serum immunoglobulin E is useful to discern type 2 inflammation in the airways of COPD. Here, we review the current understanding of the clinical characteristics, biomarkers and molecular pathophysiology of ACO in the context of how ACO can be differentiated from COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan;
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Mihaylov M, Bilyukov R, Hristova J, Dimitrova D, Youroukova V. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and interleukin-6: Potential biomarker for asthma- COPD overlap, differentiation from asthma and COPD. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2046161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mihaylov
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Bilyukov
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Julieta Hristova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Dimitrova
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vania Youroukova
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Naka M, Shuto S, Konishi C, Maekawa K. High prevalence of airway obstruction and pulmonary emphysema in urothelial (renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder) cancer patients. Respir Investig 2020; 58:239-245. [PMID: 32088144 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a major cause of COPD, with patients also presenting complications that stem from other smoking-related diseases, including urothelial cancer. However, the prevalence of COPD or airflow obstruction in urothelial cancer patients has not been well studied. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 70%) in newly diagnosed urothelial cancer patients and identified the risk factors for airflow obstruction in existing urothelial cancer patients. Additionally, we compared the characteristics of subjects who had been diagnosed with both airflow obstruction and urothelial cancer, and subjects whose airflow obstruction was discovered during health screenings. RESULTS A total of 217 patients were newly diagnosed with urothelial cancer during the study period at our institution. Among all patients, 210 (96.8%) underwent an evaluable lung function test, in which 38.6% (81 patients) displayed airflow obstruction defined as FEV1/FVC < 70%. In urothelial cancer patients, age, smoking index (pack-years), and BMI proved to be significant risk factors for airflow obstruction in multivariate logistic regression (p = 0.007, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.035, respectively). Gender, cancer stage, and cancer location were not significant risk factors. Patients with both airflow obstruction and urothelial cancer showed a more advanced emphysematous change than subjects presenting with airflow obstruction alone (unpaired t-test, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Airflow obstruction was identified in 38.6% of urothelial cancer patients. Age, smoking index (pack-years), and BMI were significant risk factors. A significantly higher emphysematous score was observed in subjects with urothelial cancer than in subjects with airway obstruction alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Naka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Saki Shuto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Chisato Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Koichi Maekawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
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Liu C, Wang F, Cui L, Zhou J, Xu Z. Diagnostic value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-6 and anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 for lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Biochem 2019; 75:30-34. [PMID: 31672649 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the auxiliary diagnostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 (CEP-1) in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). METHODS Blood samples were collected from 99 in-patients with LRTIs [62 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 14 acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (AECOPD), 23 other diseases] and 50 healthy subjects. NGAL, CEP-1 and IL-6 were measured and compared. IL-6 was tested by electrochemiluminescence assay kit on Roche E601 immunology analyzer, CEP-1 was assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and NGAL was detected by latex immunoturbidimetric assay kit on Beckman Coulter AU2700. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, NGAL and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the patients with LRTIs, the area under the curves (AUC) was 0.97 and 0.88 respectively (P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of NGAL at a cut-off of 86 ng/ml were 93.0% and 96.0%, respectively, in which the sensitivity was consistent with IL-6 (P = 0.21) and the specificity was better than IL-6 (P < 0.01). CEP-1 slightly increases in the patient group, however the difference was not significant (P = 0.41). The levels of NGAL and IL-6 was no differences in different diseases, the P-value was 0.50 and 0.29, respectively. LRTIs with and without underlying diseases have similar NGAL and IL-6 values. CONCLUSIONS NGAL, rather than CEP-1, may be appealing adjuncts for diagnosis of LRTIs. NGAL proved to be a better biomarker than IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiansuo Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Rojas-Quintero J, Wilder J, Tesfaigzi Y, Zhang D, Owen CA. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Promotes Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) Pericellular Proteolysis by Anchoring Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 to PMN Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3267-3281. [PMID: 31019060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -9 released by degranulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) promote pericellular proteolysis by binding to PMN surfaces in a catalytically active tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-resistant forms. The PMN receptor(s) to which MMP-8 and MMP-9 bind(s) is not known. Competitive binding experiments showed that Mmp-8 and Mmp-9 share binding sites on murine PMN surfaces. A novel form of TIMP-1 (an inhibitor of soluble MMPs) is rapidly expressed on PMN surfaces when human PMNs are activated. Membrane-bound TIMP-1 is the PMN receptor for pro- and active MMP-8 and -9 as shown by the following: 1) TIMP-1 is strikingly colocalized with MMP-8 and -9 on activated human PMN surfaces and in PMN extracellular traps; 2) minimal immunoreactive and active Mmp-8 or Mmp-9 are detected on the surface of activated Timp-1-/- murine PMNs; and 3) binding of exogenous Timp-1 (but not Timp-2) to Timp-1-/- murine PMNs reconstitutes the binding of exogenous pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 to the surface of Timp-1-/- PMNs. Unlike full-length pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9, mutant pro-Mmp proteins lacking the COOH-terminal hemopexin domain fail to bind to Mmp-8-/-x Mmp-9-/- murine PMNs. Soluble hemopexin inhibits the binding of pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 to Mmp-8-/-x Mmp-9-/- murine PMNs. Thus, the COOH-terminal hemopexin domains of pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 are required for their binding to membrane-bound Timp-1 on murine PMNs. Exposing nonhuman primates to cigarette smoke upregulates colocalized expression of TIMP-1 with MMP-8 and MMP-9 on peripheral blood PMN surfaces. By anchoring MMP-8 and MMP-9 to PMN surfaces, membrane-bound TIMP-1 plays a counterintuitive role in promoting PMN pericellular proteolysis occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julie Wilder
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108; and
| | | | - Duo Zhang
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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Parimon T, Garrett NE, Chen P, Antes TJ. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Murine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using an Ultrafiltration Centrifugation Technique. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30474626 DOI: 10.3791/58310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly discovered subcellular components that play important roles in many biological signaling functions during physiological and pathological states. The isolation of EVs continues to be a major challenge in this field, due to limitations intrinsic to each technique. The differential ultracentrifugation with density gradient centrifugation method is a commonly used approach and is considered to be the gold standard procedure for EV isolation. However, this procedure is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and generally results in low scalability, which may not be suitable for small-volume samples such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We demonstrate that an ultrafiltration centrifugation isolation method is simple and time- and labor-efficient yet provides a high recovery yield and purity. We propose that this isolation method could be an alternative approach that is suitable for EV isolation, particularly for small-volume biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center;
| | - Norman E Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Travis J Antes
- Department of Medicine, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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13
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Baicalin Exerts Anti-Airway Inflammation and Anti-Remodelling Effects in Severe Stage Rat Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7591348. [PMID: 30402133 PMCID: PMC6196890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7591348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide epidemic. Current approaches are disappointing due to limited improvement of the disease development. The present study established 36-week side stream cigarette smoke induced rat model of COPD with advanced stage feature and evaluted the effects of baicalin on the model. Fifty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups including room air control, cigarette smoke exposure, baicalin (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, and 160 mg/kg), and budesonide used as a positive control. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke from 3R4F research cigarettes. Pulmonary function was evaluated and pathological changes were also observed. Cytokine level related to airway inflammation and remodelling in blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue was determined. Blood gases and HPA axis function were also examined, and antioxidant levels were quantified. Results showed that, after treatment with baicalin, lung function was improved and histopathological changes were ameliorated. Baicalin also regulated proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance and also airway remodelling and anti-airway remodelling factors in blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Antioxidant capacity was also increased after treatment with baicalin in COPD rat model. HPA axis function was improved in baicalin treated groups as compared to model group. Therefore, baicalin exerts lung function protection, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation, anti-airway remodelling, and antioxidant role in long term CS induced COPD model.
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14
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Jo YS, Kwon SO, Kim J, Kim WJ. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a complementary biomarker for the asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5047-5056. [PMID: 30233879 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.07.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background There is no standardized definition of the asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). Although the blood eosinophil count is regarded as a biomarker for identifying ACO, it has no distinct value. This study aimed to measure plasma levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a potential biomarker for distinguishing between ACO and non-ACO COPD. Methods We used the Korean cohort in the COPD in dusty area (CODA) study which included 137 subjects with COPD confirmed by spirometry. We defined ACO by a positive bronchodilator response (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FEV1 >12% and >200 mL from baseline) or based on a previous history of asthma. Plasma levels of NGAL were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results Among the 137 subjects, 77 were ACO and 60 were non-ACO COPD. Overall, the plasma NGAL levels were 15.9±7.9 and 15.6±6.6 ng/mL for non-ACO and ACO subjects respectively, and not significantly different. However, NGAL levels were significantly higher in female subjects with ACO (17.0±6.4 vs. 11.1±4.5, P=0.01). In female subjects, NGAL levels showed a good predictive ability to discriminate between ACO and non-ACO COPD [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), 0.77]; the predictive ability was similar to that of the blood eosinophil count (AUROC, 0.79). There was a higher probability of discriminating ACO from non-ACO among subjects in the highest tertile of NGAL levels (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-4.28; P for trend =0.01). Conclusions NGAL levels were significantly higher in ACO compared to non-ACO COPD in female subjects. After adjusting for gender as a confounding factor, the ability to distinguish ACO was better at higher levels of NGAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Suk Jo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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15
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Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Show Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lung Tissues. Inflammation 2018; 40:2012-2019. [PMID: 28803336 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency is increasingly recognized as a prevalent problem worldwide, especially in patients with a chronic lung disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of chronic inflammatory lung disease. Previous clinical studies have shown that COPD leads to low vitamin D levels, which further increase the severity of COPD. Vitamin D homeostasis represents one of the most important factors that potentially determine the severity of COPD. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in lung tissues are still unclear. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of VDR, we generated transgenic mice that show lung-specific VDR overexpression under the control of the surfactant protein C promoter (TG mice). The TG mice were used to study the expression patterns of proinflammatory cytokines using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The TG mice had lower levels of T helper 1 (Th1)-related cytokines than wild-type (WT) mice did. No significant differences in the expression of Th2 cytokines were observed between TG and WT mice. This study is the first to achieve lung-specific overexpression of VDR in TG mice: an interesting animal model useful for studying the relation between airway cell inflammation and vitamin D signaling. VDR expression is an important factor that influences anti-inflammatory responses in lung tissues. Our results show the crucial role of VDR in anti-inflammatory effects in lungs; these data are potentially useful for the treatment or prevention of COPD.
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16
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Gharib SA, Manicone AM, Parks WC. Matrix metalloproteinases in emphysema. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:34-51. [PMID: 29406250 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated a causative role for specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the development and progression of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its severe sequela, emphysema. However, the precise function of any given MMP in emphysema remains an unanswered question. Emphysema results from the degradation of alveolar elastin - among other possible mechanisms - a process that is often thought to be caused by elastolytic proteinases made by macrophages. In this article, we discuss the data suggesting, supporting, or refuting causative roles of macrophage-derived MMPs, with a focus on MMPs-7, -9, -10, -12, and 28, in both the human disease and mouse models of emphysema. Findings from experimental models suggest that some MMPs, such as MMP-12, may directly breakdown elastin, whereas others, particularly MMP-10 and MMP-28, promote the development of emphysema by influencing the proteolytic and inflammatory activities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina A Gharib
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Tan LH, Bahmed K, Lin CR, Marchetti N, Bolla S, Criner GJ, Kelsen S, Madesh M, Kosmider B. The cytoprotective role of DJ-1 and p45 NFE2 against human primary alveolar type II cell injury and emphysema. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3555. [PMID: 29476075 PMCID: PMC5824795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is characterized by irreversibly enlarged airspaces and destruction of alveolar walls. One of the factors contributing to this disease pathogenesis is an elevation in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in the lung. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells produce and secrete pulmonary surfactants and proliferate to restore the epithelium after damage. We isolated ATII cells from control non-smokers, smokers and patients with emphysema to determine the role of NFE2 (nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2). NFE2 is a heterodimer composed of two subunits, a 45 kDa (p45 NFE2) and 18 kDa (p18 NFE2) polypeptides. Low expression of p45 NFE2 in patients with emphysema correlated with a high ECM degradation. Moreover, we found that NFE2 knockdown increased cell death induced by cigarette smoke extract. We also studied the cross talk between p45 NFE2 and DJ-1. DJ-1 protein is a redox-sensitive chaperone that protects cells from oxidative stress. We detected that cigarette smoke significantly increased p45 NFE2 levels in DJ-1 KO mice compared to wild-type mice. Our results indicate that p45 NFE2 expression is induced by exposure to cigarette smoke, has a cytoprotective activity against cell injury, and its downregulation in human primary ATII cells may contribute to emphysema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui Tan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Chih-Ru Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Sudhir Bolla
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Steven Kelsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States. .,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States. .,Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States.
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18
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Rizvi MS, Kashani KB. Biomarkers for Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury. J Appl Lab Med 2017; 2:386-399. [PMID: 33636842 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2017.023325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. Currently, AKI is diagnosed after symptoms manifest; available diagnostic tests (e.g., serum creatinine, urine microscopy, urine output) have limited ability to identify subclinical AKI. Because of the lack of treatment strategies, AKI typically is managed with supportive measures. However, strategies exist that may prevent renal insults in critically ill patients; therefore, early recognition of AKI is crucial for minimizing damage propagation. CONTENT Experimental and clinical studies have identified biomarkers that may facilitate earlier recognition of AKI or even identify patients at risk of AKI. Such biomarkers might aid in earlier implementation of preventive strategies to slow disease progression and potentially improve outcomes. This review describes some of the most promising novel biomarkers of AKI, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin 18 (lL-18), liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), insulin-like-growth-factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2). SUMMARY We discuss biomarker test characteristics, their strengths and weaknesses, and future directions of their clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh S Rizvi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kianoush B Kashani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Matrix Metalloproteinases and Synovial Joint Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:305-325. [PMID: 28662824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes. These enzymes play a critical role in the destruction of articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and the spondyloarthropathies. MMP gene expression is upregulated in these synovial joint pathologies in response to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and soluble mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-17, and interferon-γ. These molecules are capable of activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways by binding the cytokine to their respective receptors on immune cells, macrophages, chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and osteocytes leading to increased synthesis of MMPs. Biologic drugs and/or small-molecule inhibitors designed to block cytokine to cytokine receptor interactions or to selectively inhibit JAKs have clinical efficacy in RA, PsA, and ankylosing spondylitis which correlated with a reduction in MMPs. Although there are currently no OA-selective drugs, it is likely that such a drug would have to reduce MMP gene expression to have clinical efficacy.
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20
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-28 Is a Key Contributor to Emphysema Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1288-1300. [PMID: 28399390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprises chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Because tissue destruction is the prominent characteristic of emphysema, extracellular proteinases, particularly those with elastolytic ability, are often considered to be key drivers in this disease. Several human and mouse studies have implicated roles for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly macrophage-derived proteinases, in COPD pathogenesis. MMP-28 is expressed by the pulmonary epithelium and macrophage, and we have found that it regulates macrophage recruitment and polarization. We hypothesized that MMP-28 has contributory roles in emphysema via alteration of macrophage numbers and activation. Because of the established association of emphysema pathogenesis to macrophage influx, we evaluated the inflammatory changes and lung histology of Mmp28-/- mice exposed to 3 and 6 months of cigarette smoke. At earlier time points, we found altered macrophage polarization in the smoke-exposed Mmp28-/- lung consistent with other published findings that MMP-28 regulates macrophage activation. At both 3 and 6 months, Mmp28-/- mice had blunted inflammatory responses more closely resembling nonsmoked mice, with a reduction in neutrophil recruitment and CXCL1 chemokine expression. By 6 months, Mmp28-/- mice were protected from emphysema. These results highlight a previously unrecognized role for MMP-28 in promoting chronic lung inflammation and tissue remodeling induced by cigarette smoke and highlight another potential target to modulate COPD.
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21
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Sng JJ, Prazakova S, Thomas PS, Herbert C. MMP-8, MMP-9 and Neutrophil Elastase in Peripheral Blood and Exhaled Breath Condensate in COPD. COPD 2016; 14:238-244. [PMID: 27880043 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1249790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive and irreversible airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation involving cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP-8, MMP-9 and neutrophil elastase (NE) are known to be implicated in COPD but the factors influencing activation and suppression remain unclear. This study aimed to compare MMP-8, MMP-9 and NE in the peripheral blood of COPD patients and controls and to likewise assess exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for these MMPs. Peripheral blood micro(mi)RNA139-5p levels, which may regulate MMPs in COPD, were also measured. Blood and EBC were collected from COPD patients (stable and during exacerbations) and healthy controls. Expression of mRNA for MMP-8, MMP-9, NE and miRNA-139-5p expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured using qRT-PCR. MMP-8, MMP-9 and NE protein in plasma as well as MMP-8 and MMP-9 protein in EBC were analysed by enzyme-linked immunoassays. PBMCs from COPD patients showed greater expression of mRNA for MMP-8 (p = 0.0004), MMP-9 (p = 0.0023) and NE (p = 0.0019). PBMC expression of mRNA for NE was significantly higher in COPD exacerbations compared to stable cases (p < 0.05). Expression of mRNA for MMP-9 and NE correlated negatively with spirometry in patients (p < 0.05). Plasma from COPD patients showed greater levels of protein for MMP-8 (p = 0.003), MMP-9 (p = 0.046) and NE (p = 0.018). MMP-8 protein levels were lower in the EBC of COPD patients (p < 0.0001). In PBMCs, enhanced expression of mRNA for MMP-9 and NE is associated with COPD and may correlate with disease severity and exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- JieHao Joshua Sng
- a Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW , Australia.,b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Silvie Prazakova
- b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Paul S Thomas
- a Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW , Australia.,b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Cristan Herbert
- a Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW , Australia
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22
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Koo HK, Hong Y, Lim MN, Yim JJ, Kim WJ. Relationship between plasma matrix metalloproteinase levels, pulmonary function, bronchodilator response, and emphysema severity. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1129-37. [PMID: 27313452 PMCID: PMC4890689 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the airway and lung. A protease–antiprotease imbalance has been suggested as a possible pathogenic mechanism for COPD. We evaluated the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels and COPD severity. Methods Plasma levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-12 were measured in 57 COPD patients and 36 normal controls. The relationship between MMP levels and lung function, emphysema index, bronchial wall thickness, pulmonary artery pressure, and quality of life was examined using general linear regression analyses. Results There were significant associations of MMP-1 with bronchodilator reversibility and of MMP-8 and MMP-9 with lung function. Also, MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels were correlated with the emphysema index, independent of lung function. However, MMP-12 was not associated with lung function or emphysema severity. Associations between MMP levels and bronchial wall thickness, pulmonary artery pressure, and quality of life were not statistically significant. Conclusion Plasma levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-9 are associated with COPD severity and can be used as a biomarker to better understand the characteristics of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Kyoung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Nam Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
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23
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Papakonstantinou E, Klagas I, Roth M, Tamm M, Stolz D. Acute Exacerbations of COPD Are Associated With Increased Expression of Heparan Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate in BAL. Chest 2016; 149:685-95. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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24
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Mohan A, Sharma M, Uniyal A, Borah R, Luthra K, Pandey RM, Madan K, Hadda V, Guleria R. Variability in proteinase-antiproteinase balance, nutritional status, and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to tobacco and nontobacco etiology. Lung India 2016; 33:605-610. [PMID: 27890988 PMCID: PMC5112816 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.192859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Although the role of proteinase/antiproteinase imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to tobacco is well established, information in COPD due to nontobacco etiology is sparse. Aims: To assess the variability in metalloproteinase activity in COPD related to tobacco and nontobacco causes. Settings and Design: This is a hospital-based, prospective, observational study. Subjects and Methods: Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were estimated in 200 subjects divided equally into four groups, i.e. COPD in tobacco smokers, COPD in nonsmokers but with exposure to biomass-related indoor air pollution, smokers without COPD, and nonsmoking healthy controls. Anthropometric skinfold measurements, quality of life (QOL) using St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, and exercise capacity using the 6-min walk test (6-MWT) were carried out. Groups were compared using analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis plus Mann–Whitney U-test to assess differences between groups. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate associations among categorical variables. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess the correlation between data. Results: Patients with COPD due to either tobacco or nontobacco etiology were older, more malnourished, had worse QOL, and poorer exercise capacity compared to non-COPD subjects. Triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses were less in smokers with COPD than biomass-related COPD. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were similar across all groups. TIMP-1 significantly correlated with 6-MWT among all groups. Conclusions: The protease-antiprotease balance in COPD is similar irrespective of the presence or absence of tobacco exposure but is related to poor exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mini Sharma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Uniyal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Borah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Hadda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Comparison between Different Chronic Pneumopathies in the Horse. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:569512. [PMID: 26770019 PMCID: PMC4681803 DOI: 10.1155/2015/569512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic respiratory disease, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to pathological tissue destruction when expressed in excess, while tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) counteract MMPs with overexpression leading to fibrosis formation. They may be out of balance in equine pneumopathies and serve as biomarkers of pulmonary inflammation. We hypothesized that MMPs and TIMPs correlate to clinical findings and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology in different equine chronic pneumopathies. Using a scoring system, 61 horses were classified controls as free of respiratory disease (n = 15), recurrent airway obstruction (RAO, n = 17), inflammatory airway disease (IAD, n = 18), or chronic interstitial pneumopathy (CIP, n = 11). Zymography and equine MMP and TIMP assays were used to detect MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 as well as TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in BALF supernatant. MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 concentrations were significantly increased in RAO and IAD compared to controls. MMP-9 concentration and MMP-8 activity evaluated by fluorimetry were significantly increased in RAO, IAD, and CIP. These results were confirmed by zymography for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in 52 horses. In conclusion, MMPs and TIMPs correlate well with clinical and cytologic findings. These findings support the usefulness of MMPs, TIMPs, and their ratios to evaluate the severity of respiratory disease and may help to identify subclinical cases.
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Matusiak N, van Waarde A, Rozeveld D, van Oosterhout AJM, Heijink IH, Castelli R, Overkleeft HS, Bischoff R, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH. MicroPET Evaluation of a Hydroxamate-Based MMP Inhibitor, [(18)F]FB-ML5, in a Mouse Model of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Acute Airway Inflammation. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:680-7. [PMID: 25822732 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main proteolytic enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A radiolabeled MMP inhibitor, [(18)F]FB-ML5, was prepared, and its in vivo kinetics were tested in a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation. BALB/c mice were exposed for 4 days to cigarette smoke (CS) or air. On the fifth day, a dynamic microPET scan was made with [(18)F]FB-ML5. Standardized uptake values (PET-SUVmean) were 0.19 ± 0.06 in the lungs of CS-exposed mice (n = 6) compared to 0.11 ± 0.03 (n = 5) in air-exposed controls (p < 0.05), 90 min post-injection MMP-9 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were increased from undetectable level to 4615 ± 1963 pg/ml by CS exposure. Increased MMP expression in a COPD mouse model was shown to lead to increased retention of [(18)F]FB-ML5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Matusiak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 EZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 EZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie Rozeveld
- Laboratory of Allergy and Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- Laboratory of Allergy and Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Laboratory of Allergy and Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Castelli
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 EZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 EZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), prevalence and association with disease severity: Using tissue Doppler study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Leaker BR, Nicholson GC, Ali FY, Daudi N, O'Connor BJ, Barnes PJ. Bronchoabsorption; a novel bronchoscopic technique to improve biomarker sampling of the airway. Respir Res 2015; 16:102. [PMID: 26338015 PMCID: PMC4559920 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current techniques used to obtain lung samples have significant limitations and do not provide reproducible biomarkers of inflammation. We have developed a novel technique that allows multiple sampling methods from the same area (or multiple areas) of the lung under direct bronchoscopic vision. It allows collection of mucosal lining fluid and bronchial brushing from the same site; biopsy samples may also be taken. The novel technique takes the same time as standard procedures and can be conducted safely. Methods Eight healthy smokers aged 40–65 years were included in this study. An absorptive filter paper was applied to the bronchial mucosa under direct vision using standard bronchoscopic techniques. Further samples were obtained from the same site using bronchial brushings. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained using standard techniques. Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 20 (CCL20), CCL4, CCL5, Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and MMP-9 were measured in exudate and BAL. mRNA was collected from the bronchial brushings for gene expression analysis. Results A greater than 10 fold concentration of all the biomarkers was detected in lung exudate in comparison to BAL. High yield of good quality RNA with RNA integrity numbers (RIN) between 7.6 and 9.3 were extracted from the bronchial brushings. The subset of genes measured were reproducible across the samples and corresponded to the inflammatory markers measured in exudate and BAL. Conclusions The bronchoabsorption technique as described offers the ability to sample lung fluid direct from the site of interest without the dilution effects caused by BAL. Using this method we were able to successfully measure the concentrations of biomarkers present in the lungs as well as collect high yield mRNA samples for gene expression analysis from the same site. This technique demonstrates superior sensitivity to standard BAL for the measurement of biomarkers of inflammation. It could replace BAL as the method of choice for these measurements. This method provides a systems biology approach to studying the inflammatory markers of respiratory disease progression. Trial registration NHS Health Research Authority (13/LO/0256).
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Leaker
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd., 18-22 Queen Anne Street, London, W1G 8HU, UK.
| | - G C Nicholson
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd., 18-22 Queen Anne Street, London, W1G 8HU, UK.
| | - F Y Ali
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd., 18-22 Queen Anne Street, London, W1G 8HU, UK.
| | - N Daudi
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd., 18-22 Queen Anne Street, London, W1G 8HU, UK.
| | - B J O'Connor
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd., 18-22 Queen Anne Street, London, W1G 8HU, UK.
| | - P J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Chen X, Guan XJ, Peng XH, Cui ZL, Luan CY, Guo XJ. Acetylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a cigarette smoke-induced rat model through HDAC1 depression. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:513-26. [PMID: 26033389 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation is critical in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the role of acetylation at histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) in COPD inflammation remains unclear. The present study assessed the effect of acetylation of H3K9 on transcription both in rat lungs and in macrophages. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CS for either 6 or 12 weeks and rat lungs were collected. Rat macrophages were subjected to 20 % cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 48 h. RESULTS CS increased MCP-1 and IL-8 expressions at both mRNA and protein levels in rat lungs after 6 and 12 weeks; increased TNF-α and MMP9 expressions at both levels were noted only after 12 weeks. CSE increased these genes expression in macrophages after 48 h exposure. Increased abundance of acetylated H3K9 protein in rat lungs and in macrophages were associated with decreased expression of histone deacetylase-1(HDAC1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated increased level of acetylated H3K9 on promoter regions of these genes both in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of HDAC1 increased these genes mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS CS increased H3K9 acetylation and subsequently altered the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and protease genes through HDAC1 depression in CS-induced rat lungs and in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Respirology Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Papakonstantinou E, Karakiulakis G, Batzios S, Savic S, Roth M, Tamm M, Stolz D. Acute exacerbations of COPD are associated with significant activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 irrespectively of airway obstruction, emphysema and infection. Respir Res 2015; 16:78. [PMID: 26126526 PMCID: PMC4531832 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD) are associated with accelerated aggravation of clinical symptoms and deterioration of pulmonary function. The mechanisms by which exacerbations may contribute to airway remodeling and declined lung function are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated if AE-COPD are associated with differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods COPD patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy, with either stable disease (n = 53) or AE-COPD (n = 44), matched for their demographics and lung function parameters were included in this study. Protein levels of MMP-2,–9,–12 and of TIMP-1 and -2 in BAL were measured by ELISA. Enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and -9 was assessed by gelatin zymography. Results We observed that MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly increased in BAL during AE-COPD. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 with FEV1% predicted and a significant positive correlation of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 with RV% predicted in AE-COPD. None of MMPs and TIMPs correlated with DLCO% predicted, indicating that they are associated with airway remodeling leading to obstruction rather than emphysema. In AE-COPD the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 was increased and furthermore, MMP-9 activation was significantly up-regulated irrespective of lung function, bacterial or viral infections and smoking. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that during AE-COPD increased expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-9 and activation of MMP-9 may be persistent aggravating factors associated with airway remodeling and obstruction, suggesting a pathway connecting frequent exacerbations to lung function decline. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0240-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - George Karakiulakis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Spyros Batzios
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Roth
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Tamm
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Collagenase mRNA Overexpression and Decreased Extracellular Matrix Components Are Early Events in the Pathogenesis of Emphysema. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129590. [PMID: 26052708 PMCID: PMC4460048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the progression of parenchymal remodeling and metalloproteinases gene expression in earlier stages of emphysema, mice received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) instillation and Control groups received saline solution. After PPE instillation (1, 3, 6 hours, 3 and 21 days) we measured the mean linear intercept, the volume proportion of types I and III collagen, elastin, fibrillin and the MMP-1, -8, -12 and -13 gene expression. We observed an initial decrease in type I (at the 3rd day) and type III collagen (from the 6th hour until the 3rd day), in posterior time points in which we detected increased gene expression for MMP-8 and -13 in PPE groups. After 21 days, the type III collagen fibers increased and the type I collagen values returned to similar values compared to control groups. The MMP-12 gene expression was increased in earlier times (3 and 6 hours) to which we detected a reduced proportion of elastin (3 days) in PPE groups, reinforcing the already established importance of MMP-12 in the breakdown of ECM. Such findings will be useful to better elucidate the alterations in ECM components and the importance of not only metalloelastase but also collagenases in earlier emphysema stages, providing new clues to novel therapeutic targets.
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Abdella AM, Attia GA, Eed MA, Eldib AS, Haleem SS. Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage of apparently healthy smokers. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Akelma AZ, Kanburoglu MK, Cizmeci MN, Mete E, Catal F, Tufan N. Level of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in childhood asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:142-6. [PMID: 24637108 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in childhood asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to measure the serum levels of NGAL in children with asthma and to investigate the correlation between NGAL and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a good indicator of airway remodeling in children with asthma. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 children. Serum NGAL and TGF-β1 concentrations were measured by the ELISA method. Complete blood count, high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and total serum IgE were investigated in the study population. Atopy in the asthma group was investigated using a skin prick test and specific IgE measurements. RESULTS Forty-three asthmatic children and 32 healthy children were enrolled in the study. Total eosinophil numbers, white blood cell count, total serum IgE levels and ECP levels were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (p<0.05). Similarly, serum TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in children with asthma (p=0.012). The difference in NGAL levels between the groups was insignificant (p=0.268). NGAL levels did not show a significant correlation with total IgE, ECP, eosinophil numbers and TGF-β1 levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSION As a conclusion, while elevated TGF-β1 levels in children with asthma might be regarded as an indicator of airway remodeling, we did not find a similar prediction strength for NGAL. Further studies are required to better identify the role of NGAL in childhood asthma and to determine its potential use as a clinical marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Akelma
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M K Kanburoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M N Cizmeci
- Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - E Mete
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Pamukkale University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - F Catal
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - N Tufan
- Department of Pediatrics, Turgut Ozal University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kumar M, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its possible role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:323-33. [PMID: 25171460 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0382ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major disease of the lungs. It primarily occurs after a prolonged period of cigarette smoking. Chronic inflammation of airways and the alveolar space as well as lung tissue destruction are the hallmarks of COPD. Recently it has been shown that cellular senescence might play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Cellular senescence comprises signal transduction program, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest. The growth arrest in senescence can be triggered by many different mechanisms, including DNA damage and its recognition by cellular sensors, leading to the activation of cell cycle checkpoint responses and activation of DNA repair machinery. Senescence can be induced by several genotoxic factors apart from telomere attrition. When senescence induction is based on DNA damage, senescent cells display a unique phenotype, which has been termed "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP). SASP may be an important driver of chronic inflammation and therefore may be part of a vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage, and senescence. This research perspective aims to showcase cellular senescence with relevance to COPD and the striking similarities between the mediators and secretory phenotype in COPD and SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- 1 Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and
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35
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Friedrichs B, Neumann U, Schüller J, Peck MJ. Cigarette-smoke-induced priming of neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers for increased oxidative burst response is mediated by TNF-α. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1249-58. [PMID: 24997298 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro treatment of human peripheral blood neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers with an aqueous cigarette smoke (CS) extract resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in surface expression of CD11b and CD66b and a corresponding decrease of CD62L, together with a concentration-dependent release of MMP-8, MMP-9, and lactoferrin, indicating considerable activation and degranulation. However, the burst response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was unchanged in CS-stimulated neutrophils from both smokers and non-smokers. When supernatants from CS-treated monocytic MonoMac-6 (MM6) cells were used for activation of neutrophils, concentration-dependent changes in surface marker expression, granule protein release, and the oxidative burst response to fMLP were observed, again with no major differences between smokers and non-smokers. CS-treated MM6 cells released significant amounts of IL-8 and TNF-α into the culture supernatant. However, antibody blocking experiments showed that only TNF-α mediated the increased burst response in neutrophils. These data show that, in the presence of secondary cells, CS is able to prime neutrophils for an increased burst response to fMLP which is mediated by TNF-α, released from the secondary cells in response to CS. Following stimulation with priming agents, peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy smokers show an equal burst response compared to those from non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Friedrichs
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Neumann
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Schüller
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Peck
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Esa SA, Rawy AM, EL-Behissy MM, Kamel MH, El-Hwaitty HMMM. Study of the level of sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in COPD patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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37
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Fallica J, Boyer L, Kim B, Serebreni L, Varela L, Hamdan O, Wang L, Simms T, Damarla M, Kolb TM, Bucala R, Mitzner W, Hassoun PM, Damico R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a novel determinant of cigarette smoke-induced lung damage. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:94-103. [PMID: 24490973 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0371oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), including emphysema. CS exposure impacts all cell types within the airways and lung parenchyma, causing alveolar tissue destruction through four mechanisms: (1) oxidative stress; (2) inflammation; (3) protease-induced degradation of the extracellular matrix; and (4) enhanced alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. Studies in human pulmonary ECs demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antagonizes CS-induced apoptosis. Here, we used human microvascular ECs, an animal model of emphysema (mice challenged with chronic CS), and patient serum samples to address both the capacity of CS to alter MIF expression and the effects of MIF on disease severity. We demonstrate significantly reduced serum MIF levels in patients with COPD. In the murine model, chronic CS exposure resulted in decreased MIF mRNA and protein expression in the intact lung. MIF deficiency (Mif(-/-)) potentiated the toxicity of CS exposure in vivo via increased apoptosis of ECs, resulting in enhanced CS-induced tissue remodeling. This was linked to MIF's capacity to protect against double-stranded DNA damage and suppress p53 expression. Taken together, MIF appears to antagonize CS-induced toxicity in the lung and resultant emphysematous tissue remodeling by suppressing EC DNA damage and controlling p53-mediated apoptosis, highlighting a critical role of MIF in EC homeostasis within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fallica
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Moliva JI, Rajaram MVS, Sidiki S, Sasindran SJ, Guirado E, Pan XJ, Wang SH, Ross P, Lafuse WP, Schlesinger LS, Turner J, Torrelles JB. Molecular composition of the alveolar lining fluid in the aging lung. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9633. [PMID: 24584696 PMCID: PMC4082594 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As we age, there is an increased risk for the development of pulmonary diseases, including infections, but few studies have considered changes in lung surfactant and components of the innate immune system as contributing factors to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to succumb to infections. We and others have demonstrated that human alveolar lining fluid (ALF) components, such as surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-D, complement protein C3, and alveolar hydrolases, play a significant innate immune role in controlling microbial infections. However, there is a lack of information regarding the effect of increasing age on the level and function of ALF components in the lung. Here we addressed this gap in knowledge by determining the levels of ALF components in the aging lung that are important in controlling infection. Our findings demonstrate that pro-inflammatory cytokines, surfactant proteins and lipids, and complement components are significantly altered in the aged lung in both mice and humans. Further, we show that the aging lung is a relatively oxidized environment. Our study provides new information on how the pulmonary environment in old age can potentially modify mucosal immune responses, thereby impacting pulmonary infections and other pulmonary diseases in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Moliva
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Sabeen Sidiki
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Smitha J. Sasindran
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Evelyn Guirado
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Xueliang Jeff Pan
- />Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Shu-Hua Wang
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Patrick Ross
- />Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - William P. Lafuse
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- />Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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Wang XR, Li YP, Gao S, Xia W, Gao K, Kong QH, Qi H, Wu L, Zhang J, Qu JM, Bai CX. Increased serum levels of lipocalin-1 and -2 in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:543-9. [PMID: 24920892 PMCID: PMC4043430 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s62700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a number of studies on biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), only a few disease-related markers have been identified, yet we still have no satisfactory markers specific to innate immune system and neutrophil activation, which is essential in airway inflammation in COPD. Recent biological studies indicated that lipocalins (LCNs) might be involved in airway inflammation and innate immunity; however, results from available studies on the association of LCNs with COPD are not consistent. We carried out a multicenter prospective observational cohort study to investigate the differences in serum levels of LCN1 and LCN2 between subjects with COPD (n=58) and healthy controls (n=29). Several validated inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, were measured. The correlation of LCN1 and LCN2 with clinical features such as smoking habits, lung function, symptoms, and disease category was also analyzed. When comparing with healthy controls, serum levels of LCN1 (66.35±20.26 ng/mL versus 41.16±24.19 ng/mL, P<0.001) and LCN2 (11.29±3.92 ng/mL versus 6.09±5.13 ng/mL, P<0.001) were both elevated in subjects with COPD after adjusting for age, sex, smoking habits, and inflammatory biomarkers. Smoking history and tobacco exposure, as quantified by pack-year, had no impact on systemic expressions of LCN1 and LCN2 in our study. Blood levels of LCN1 and LCN2, respectively, were negatively correlated to COPD Assessment Test and Modified Medical British Research Council score (P<0.001). Disease category by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade 1–4 or group A–D was not associated with levels of LCNs. Patient-reported exacerbations and body mass index were also tested, but no relationship with LCNs was found. In summary, serum concentrations of LCN1 and LCN2 were both elevated in patients with COPD, with their levels correlating to COPD Assessment Test and Modified Medical British Research Council score. These findings warrant large-scale and longitudinal studies to validate LCNs as circulating biomarkers for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ru Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-pu Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, People's Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Gao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, People's Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, People's Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-hua Kong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-xue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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40
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Iterative reconstruction technique vs filter back projection: utility for quantitative bronchial assessment on low-dose thin-section MDCT in patients with/without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Radiol 2014; 24:1860-7. [PMID: 24838736 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the iterative reconstruction (IR) technique for quantitative bronchial assessment during low-dose computed tomography (CT) as a substitute for standard-dose CT in patients with/without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS Fifty patients (mean age, 69.2; mean % predicted FEV1, 79.4) underwent standard-dose CT (150mAs) and low-dose CT (25mAs). Except for tube current, the imaging parameters were identical for both protocols. Standard-dose CT was reconstructed using filtered back-projection (FBP), and low-dose CT was reconstructed using IR and FBP. For quantitative bronchial assessment, the wall area percentage (WA%) of the sub-segmental bronchi and the airway luminal volume percentage (LV%) from the main bronchus to the peripheral bronchi were acquired in each dataset. The correlation and agreement of WA% and LV% between standard-dose CT and both low-dose CTs were statistically evaluated. RESULTS WA% and LV% between standard-dose CT and both low-dose CTs were significant correlated (r > 0.77, p < 0.00001); however, only the LV% agreement between SD-CT and low-dose CT reconstructed with IR was moderate (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.93); the other agreement was poor (concordance correlation coefficient <0.90). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative bronchial assessment via low-dose CT has potential as a substitute for standard-dose CT by using IR and airway luminal volumetry techniques. KEY POINTS • Quantitative bronchial assessment of COPD using low-dose CT is possible. • Airway luminal volumetry with iterative reconstruction is insusceptible to dose reduction. • Filtered back-projection is susceptible to the effect of dose reduction. • Wall area percentage assessment is easily influenced by dose reduction.
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41
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Kobayashi T, Kim H, Liu X, Sugiura H, Kohyama T, Fang Q, Wen FQ, Abe S, Wang X, Atkinson JJ, Shipley JM, Senior RM, Rennard SI. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activates TGF-β and stimulates fibroblast contraction of collagen gels. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1006-15. [PMID: 24705725 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a matrix-degrading enzyme implicated in many biological processes, including inflammation. It is produced by many cells, including fibroblasts. When cultured in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels, fibroblasts contract the surrounding matrix, a function that is thought to model the contraction that characterizes both normal wound repair and fibrosis. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of endogenously produced MMP-9 in fibroblast contraction of 3D collagen gels. Fibroblasts from mice lacking expression of MMP-9 and human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) transfected with MMP-9 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) were used. Fibroblasts were cast into type I collagen gels and floated in culture medium with or without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 for 5 days. Gel size was determined daily using an image analysis system. Gels made from MMP-9 siRNA-treated human fibroblasts contracted less than control fibroblasts, as did fibroblasts incubated with a nonspecific MMP inhibitor. Similarly, fibroblasts cultured from MMP-9-deficient mice contracted gels less than did fibroblasts from control mice. Transfection of the MMP-9-deficient murine fibroblasts with a vector expressing murine MMP-9 restored contractile activity to MMP-9-deficient fibroblasts. Inhibition of MMP-9 reduced active TGF-β1 and reduced several TGF-β1-driven responses, including activity of a Smad3 reporter gene and production of fibronectin. Because TGF-β1 also drives fibroblast gel contraction, this suggests the mechanism for MMP-9 regulation of contraction is through the generation of active TGF-β1. This study provides direct evidence that endogenously produced MMP-9 has a role in regulation of tissue contraction of 3D collagen gels mediated by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HuiJung Kim
- WonKwang University Sanbon Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiangde Liu
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | - Qiuhong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xingqi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - James M Shipley
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert M Senior
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Gopal P, Reynaert NL, Scheijen JLJM, Schalkwijk CG, Franssen FME, Wouters EFM, Rutten EPA. Association of plasma sRAGE, but not esRAGE with lung function impairment in COPD. Respir Res 2014; 15:24. [PMID: 24564838 PMCID: PMC3944004 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Plasma soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product (sRAGE) is considered as a biomarker in COPD. The contribution of endogenous sRAGE (esRAGE) to the pool of plasma sRAGE and the implication of both markers in COPD pathogenesis is however not clear yet. The aim of the current study was therefore to measure plasma levels of esRAGE comparative to total sRAGE in patients with COPD and a control group. Further, we established the relations of esRAGE and total sRAGE with disease specific characteristics such as lung function and DLCO, and with different circulating AGEs. Methods Plasma levels of esRAGE and sRAGE were measured in an 88 patients with COPD and in 55 healthy controls. FEV1 (%predicted) and FEV1/VC (%) were measured in both groups; DLCO (%predicted) was measured in patients only. In this study population we previously reported that the AGE Nϵ-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) was decreased, Nϵ-(carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) increased and pentosidine was not different in plasma of COPD patients compared to controls. Results Plasma esRAGE (COPD: 533.9 ± 412.4, Controls: 848.7 ± 690.3 pg/ml; p = 0.000) was decreased in COPD compared to controls. No significant correlations were observed between plasma esRAGE levels and lung function parameters or plasma AGEs. A positive correlation was present between esRAGE and total sRAGE levels in the circulation. Confirming previous findings, total sRAGE (COPD: 512.6 ± 403.8, Controls: 1834 ± 804.2 pg/ml; p < 0.001) was lower in patients compared to controls and was positively correlated FEV1 (r = 0.235, p = 0.032), FEV1/VC (r = 0.218, p = 0.047), and DLCO (r = 0.308, p = 0.006). sRAGE furthermore did show a significant positive association with CML (r = 0.321, p = 0.003). Conclusion Although plasma esRAGE is decreased in COPD patients compared to controls, only total sRAGE showed a significant and independent association with FEV1, FEV1/VC and DLCO, indicating that total sRAGE but not esRAGE may serve as marker of COPD disease state and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erica P A Rutten
- Centre of expertise for chronic organ failure (Ciro+), PO Box 4080, Horn, the Netherlands.
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Xiang Y, Kogel U, Gebel S, Peck MJ, Peitsch MC, Akmaev VR, Hoeng J. Discovery of Emphysema Relevant Molecular Networks from an A/J Mouse Inhalation Study Using Reverse Engineering and Forward Simulation (REFS™). GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:45-61. [PMID: 24596455 PMCID: PMC3937248 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder caused by extended exposure of the airways to noxious stimuli, principally cigarette smoke (CS). The mechanisms through which COPD develops are not fully understood, though it is believed that the disease process includes a genetic component, as not all smokers develop COPD. To investigate the mechanisms that lead to the development of COPD/emphysema, we measured whole genome gene expression and several COPD-relevant biological endpoints in mouse lung tissue after exposure to two CS doses for various lengths of time. A novel and powerful method, Reverse Engineering and Forward Simulation (REFS™), was employed to identify key molecular drivers by integrating the gene expression data and four measured COPD-relevant endpoints (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, MMP-9 levels, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels and lung weight). An ensemble of molecular networks was generated using REFS™, and simulations showed that it could successfully recover the measured experimental data for gene expression and COPD-relevant endpoints. The ensemble of networks was then employed to simulate thousands of in silico gene knockdown experiments. Thirty-three molecular key drivers for the above four COPD-relevant endpoints were therefore identified, with the majority shown to be enriched in inflammation and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- Philip Morris Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Gebel
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael J Peck
- Philip Morris Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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44
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Kong MYF, Clancy JP, Peng N, Li Y, Szul TJ, Xu X, Oster R, Sullender W, Ambalavanan N, Blalock JE, Gaggar A. Pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in mechanically ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus. Eur Respir J 2013; 43:1086-96. [PMID: 24311764 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a potent stimulus for airway epithelial expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. MMP-9 activity in vivo is a predictor of disease severity in children with RSV-induced respiratory failure. Human airway epithelial cells were infected with RSV A2 strain and analysed for MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 (a natural inhibitor of MMP-9) release. In addition, endotracheal samples from children with RSV-RF and controls (non-RSV pneumonia and nonlung disease controls) were analysed for MMP-9, TIMP-1, human neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase activity. RSV infection of airway epithelia was sufficient to rapidly induce MMP-9 transcription and protein release. Pulmonary MMP-9 activity peaked at 48 h in infants with RSV-induced respiratory failure. In the RSV group, MMP-9 activity and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio imbalance predicted higher oxygen requirement and worse paediatric risk of mortality scores. The highest levels of human neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in the RSV cohort; however, unlike MMP-9, these neutrophil markers failed to predict disease severity. These results support the hypothesis that RSV is a potent stimulus for MMP-9 expression and release from human airway epithelium, and that MMP-9 is an important biomarker of disease severity in mechanically ventilated children with RSV lung infection.
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45
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Wang Y, Su NX, Chen ZQ, Wang Z, Zhang SF. Effects of Fengbaisan (丰白散) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 20:224-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Kumar M, Phougat N, Ruhil S, Dhankhar S, Balhara M, Chhillar AK. Genomics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Exploring the SNPs of Protease-Antiprotease Pathway. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:204-13. [PMID: 24179443 PMCID: PMC3664470 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COPD has been an important respiratory condition that affects people worldwide and its incidence has been alarming. The increasing incidence of this disorder has been attributed to global industrialization and environmental pollution. Although the exposures to environmental pollutants and smoking have been important triggers, the genetic component of individuals has been shown to be important for development and progression of COPD. Recent literature reported that protease-antiprotease imbalance to be important in etiopathogenesis of COPD. The enzymes namely neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotienases are considered to be foremost proteolytic molecules released by neutrophils and macrophages during inflammatory events in COPD. Normally, the lungs remain protected from the destructive effect of these two antiproteases by α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) respectively. In this review, we are trying to highlight the work by various research groups in exploring the SNPs of various genes of inflammatory pathways and the protease-antiprotease pathway, which may have some degree of association with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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47
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Smith ME, Bozinovski S, Malmhäll C, Sjöstrand M, Glader P, Venge P, Hiemstra PS, Anderson GP, Lindén A, Qvarfordt I. Increase in net activity of serine proteinases but not gelatinases after local endotoxin exposure in the peripheral airways of healthy subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75032. [PMID: 24086430 PMCID: PMC3781029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that activation of the innate immune response induces an imbalance in the proteolytic homeostasis in the peripheral airways of healthy subjects, towards excess serine or gelatinase proteinase activity. During bronchoscopy, 18 healthy human subjects underwent intra-bronchial exposure to endotoxin and contra-lateral exposure to vehicle. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were harvested 24 or 48 hours (h) later. We quantified archetype proteinases, anti-proteinases, inflammatory BAL cells, and, importantly, total plus net proteinase activities using functional substrate assays. As expected, endotoxin exposure increased the concentrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and macrophages, of proteinases and the anti-proteinases tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, α-1-antitrypsin and, to a lesser extent, secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor, at both time points. Notably, at these time points, endotoxin exposure substantially increased the quantitative NE/SLPI ratio and the net serine proteinase activity corresponding to neutrophil elastase (NE). Endotoxin exposure also increased the total gelatinase activity corresponding to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9; an activity dominating over that of MMP-2. However, endotoxin exposure had no impact on net gelatinolytic activity at 24 or 48 h after exposure. Thus, local activation of the innate immune response induces an imbalance towards increased net serine proteinase activity in the proteolytic homeostasis of the peripheral airways in healthy subjects. Hypothetically, this serine proteinase activity can contribute to tissue remodelling and hypersecretion via NE from PMN's, if it is triggered repeatedly, as might be the case in chronic inflammatory airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha E. Smith
- Lung Immunology Group, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Lung Disease Research Group, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Lung Immunology Group, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sjöstrand
- Lung Immunology Group, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Glader
- Lung Immunology Group, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Venge
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gary P. Anderson
- Lung Disease Research Group, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anders Lindén
- Lung Immunology Group, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Unit for Lung & Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Lung Immunology Group, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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48
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Abstract
Neutrophils are central to the pathogenesis of COPD, releasing a range of pro-inflammatory and tissue destructive mediators. Sputum neutrophil numbers are elevated in COPD patients compared to healthy controls. We critically appraise the potential of sputum neutrophils as a biomarker in COPD. We show that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of this biomarker to define a phenotype of patients with more severe disease characteristics or a different prognosis. However, sputum neutrophil measurements can be used to measure the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Gupta
- University of Manchester, Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital Of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.
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49
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Sadat U. Radiographic contrast-media-induced acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and prophylactic strategies. ISRN RADIOLOGY 2013; 2013:496438. [PMID: 24967281 PMCID: PMC4045530 DOI: 10.5402/2013/496438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most widely discussed and debated topics in cardiovascular medicine. With increasing number of contrast-media- (CM-) enhanced imaging studies being performed and growing octogenarian population with significant comorbidities, incidence of CI-AKI remains high. In this review, pathophysiology of CI-AKI, its relationship with different types of CM, role of serum and urinary biomarkers for diagnosing CI-AKI, and various prophylactic strategies used for nephroprotection against CI-AKI are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Sadat
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge Vascular Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Box 201, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Norman PE, Curci JA. Understanding the effects of tobacco smoke on the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1473-7. [PMID: 23685557 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal arterial disease is a vascular degenerative condition that is distinct from atherosclerotic and other occlusive arterial diseases. There is regionalization of the predisposition to aneurysm formation within the vascular tree, and the pathological process varies with location. Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the most common manifestation of aneurysmal disease, and smoking is the dominant risk factor. Smoking is a much greater risk factor for AAA than for atherosclerosis. In addition to playing a role in the pathogenesis of AAA, smoking also increases the rate of expansion and risk of rupture of established AAA. The mechanistic relationship between AAA and smoking is being established by the use of enhanced animal models that are dependent on smoke or smoke components. The mechanisms seem to involve durable alterations in vascular smooth muscle cell and inflammatory cell function. This review examines the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence implicating smoking as a cause of aneurysms, focusing on AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Norman
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Australia.
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