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Stoleriu MG, Ansari M, Strunz M, Schamberger A, Heydarian M, Ding Y, Voss C, Schneider JJ, Gerckens M, Burgstaller G, Castelblanco A, Kauke T, Fertmann J, Schneider C, Behr J, Lindner M, Stacher-Priehse E, Irmler M, Beckers J, Eickelberg O, Schubert B, Hauck SM, Schmid O, Hatz RA, Stoeger T, Schiller HB, Hilgendorff A. COPD basal cells are primed towards secretory to multiciliated cell imbalance driving increased resilience to environmental stressors. Thorax 2024; 79:524-537. [PMID: 38286613 PMCID: PMC11137452 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental pollutants injure the mucociliary elevator, thereby provoking disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epithelial resilience mechanisms to environmental nanoparticles in health and disease are poorly characterised. METHODS We delineated the impact of prevalent pollutants such as carbon and zinc oxide nanoparticles, on cellular function and progeny in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBECs) from end-stage COPD (COPD-IV, n=4), early disease (COPD-II, n=3) and pulmonary healthy individuals (n=4). After nanoparticle exposure of pHBECs at air-liquid interface, cell cultures were characterised by functional assays, transcriptome and protein analysis, complemented by single-cell analysis in serial samples of pHBEC cultures focusing on basal cell differentiation. RESULTS COPD-IV was characterised by a prosecretory phenotype (twofold increase in MUC5AC+) at the expense of the multiciliated epithelium (threefold reduction in Ac-Tub+), resulting in an increased resilience towards particle-induced cell damage (fivefold reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance), as exemplified by environmentally abundant doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Exposure of COPD-II cultures to cigarette smoke extract provoked the COPD-IV characteristic, prosecretory phenotype. Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics revealed an underlying COPD-IV unique basal cell state characterised by a twofold increase in KRT5+ (P=0.018) and LAMB3+ (P=0.050) expression, as well as a significant activation of Wnt-specific (P=0.014) and Notch-specific (P=0.021) genes, especially in precursors of suprabasal and secretory cells. CONCLUSION We identified COPD stage-specific gene alterations in basal cells that affect the cellular composition of the bronchial elevator and may control disease-specific epithelial resilience mechanisms in response to environmental nanoparticles. The identified phenomena likely inform treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu
- Division for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Strunz
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schamberger
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Motaharehsadat Heydarian
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Yaobo Ding
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Voss
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Josephine Schneider
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Gerckens
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandra Castelblanco
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Kauke
- Division for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Fertmann
- Division for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Division for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen Behr
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Martin Irmler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Schubert
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, München, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Hatz
- Division for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care at the iSPZ Hauner, Dr. von Haunersches Children's University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU); Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
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2
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Yang X, Liao J, Zhu S, Zhang C, Ma X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Sun K, Wang G. Association of high-sensitivity CRP and FEV1%pred: a study on non-pulmonary disease in a population in Beijing, China. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e001699. [PMID: 38479820 PMCID: PMC10941139 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have investigated whether high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) can be used to predict the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/estimated value of FEV1 (FEV1%pred). This study aimed to assess the association between hsCRP and FEV1%pred in middle-aged and elderly individuals without underlying lung disease. METHODS The data for this study were obtained from a prospective cohort study that included 1047 middle-aged and elderly citizens from Beijing aged 40-75 years without any evidence of underlying lung diseases with FEV1 >70% after receiving inhalational bronchodilators. The baseline analysis of the participants was performed from 30 May 2018 to 31 October 2018. Restricted cubic spline regression and multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the non-linear association and linear association between hsCRP and FEV1/FEV in 6 s (FEV6) and FEV1%pred, respectively. RESULTS The hsCRP values of 851 participants were recorded; the values were normal in 713 (83.8%) participants. The remaining 196 participants (18.7%) had missing data. A non-linear association was observed between normal hsCRP values and FEV1/FEV6. hsCRP was linearly and negatively correlated with FEV1%pred, and each 1 SD increase in hsCRP was significantly associated with a 2.4% lower in FEV1%pred. Significantly higher FEV1/FEV6 differences were observed in the female subgroup than those in the male subgroup (p=0.011 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS hsCRP had a non-linear association with FEV1/FEV6 and a linear negative association with FEV1%pred in individuals with normal hsCRP values. hsCRP can be used to predict FEV1%pred, which can be used to predict the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. hsCRP has a stronger association with lung function in women than that in men. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03532893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sainan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunyan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Dai Y, Yang W, Song H, He X, Guan R, Wu Z, Jiang X, Li M, Liu P, Chen J. Long-term effects of chronic exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol on the cardiovascular and pulmonary system in mice: A comparative study to cigarette smoke. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108521. [PMID: 38508052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have rapidly gained popularity as alternatives to traditional combustible cigarettes. However, their long-term health impact remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to e-cigarette aerosol (ECA) in mice compared to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. The mice were exposed to air (control), low, medium, or high doses of ECA, or a reference CS dose orally and nasally for eight months. Various cardiovascular and pulmonary assessments have been conducted to determine the biological and prosthetic effects. Histopathological analysis was used to determine structural changes in the heart and lungs. Biological markers associated with fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were investigated. Cardiac proteomic analysis was applied to reveal the shared and unique protein expression changes in ECA and CS groups, which related to processes such as immune activation, lipid metabolism, and intracellular transport. Overall, chronic exposure to ECA led to adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary effects in mice, although they were less pronounced than those of CS exposure. This study provides evidence that e-cigarettes may be less harmful than combustible cigarettes for the long-term health of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in mice. However, further human studies are needed to clarify the long-term health risks associated with e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanchun Yang
- Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjun He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruoqing Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zehong Wu
- RELX Science Center, Shenzhen RELX Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Xingtao Jiang
- RELX Science Center, Shenzhen RELX Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Huang P, Zhang J, Duan W, Jiao J, Leng A, Qu J. Plant polysaccharides with anti-lung injury effects as a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982893. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develops into the severe phase, lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and/or respiratory failure could develop within a few days. As a result of pulmonary tissue injury, pathomorphological changes usually present endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration of the lung interstitium, defective gas exchange, and wall leakage. Consequently, COVID-19 may progress to tremendous lung injury, ongoing lung failure, and death. Exploring the treatment drugs has important implications. Recently, the application of traditional Chinese medicine had better performance in reducing fatalities, relieving symptoms, and curtailing hospitalization. Through constant research and study, plant polysaccharides may emerge as a crucial resource against lung injury with high potency and low side effects. However, the absence of a comprehensive understanding of lung-protective mechanisms impedes further investigation of polysaccharides. In the present article, a comprehensive review of research into plant polysaccharides in the past 5 years was performed. In total, 30 types of polysaccharides from 19 kinds of plants have shown lung-protective effects through the pathological processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunomodulation by mediating mucin and aquaporins, macrophage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neutrophil, TGF-β1 pathways, Nrf2 pathway, and other mechanisms. Moreover, the deficiencies of the current studies and the future research direction are also tentatively discussed. This research provides a comprehensive perspective for better understanding the mechanism and development of polysaccharides against lung injury for the treatment of COVID-19.
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5
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Lin L, Li J, Song Q, Cheng W, Chen P. The role of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathways in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e711. [PMID: 36301039 PMCID: PMC9552978 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with irreversible and continuous progression. It has become the fifth most burdensome disease and the third most deadly disease globally. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of COPD are urgent, and it is also important to clarify the pathogenesis of it. Smoking is the main and most common risk factor for COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) can cause lung inflammation and other pathological mechanisms in the airways and lung tissue. Airway inflammation is one of the important mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of COPD. Recent studies have shown that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases, including COPD. HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, which mainly exerts its activity by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further participate in the process of airway inflammation. Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 are related to inflammation in COPD. Herein, we discuss the roles of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in CS/cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammation in COPD, providing a new target for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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6
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Dransfield M, Rowe S, Vogelmeier CF, Wedzicha J, Criner GJ, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Calverley P. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator: Roles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:631-640. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2064tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dransfield
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Steven Rowe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - Jadwiga Wedzicha
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 12314, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - MeiLan K. Han
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Peter Calverley
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Padra M, Benktander J, Padra JT, Andersson A, Brundin B, Tengvall S, Christenson K, Qvarfordt I, Gad R, Paulsson M, Pournaras N, Lindén A, Lindén SK. Mucin Binding to Moraxella catarrhalis During Airway Inflammation is Dependent on Sialic Acid. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:593-602. [PMID: 34192508 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0064oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with colonization by bacterial pathogens and repeated airway infections, leading to exacerbations and impaired lung function. The highly glycosylated mucins in the mucus lining the airways are an important part of the host defense against pathogens. However, mucus accumulation can contribute to COPD pathology. Here, we examined whether inflammation is associated with glycosylation changes that affect interactions between airway mucins and pathogens. We isolated mucins from lower airway samples (LAS, n=4-9) from long-term smokers with and without COPD and from never-smokers. The most abundant terminal glycan moiety was N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) among smokers with and without COPD and N-acetyl-hexoseamine among never-smokers. Moraxella catarrhalis bound to MUC5 mucins from smokers with and without COPD. M. catarrhalis binding correlated with inflammatory parameters and Neu5Ac content. M. catarrhalis binding was abolished by enzymatic removal of Neu5Ac. Furthermore, M. catarrhalis bound to α2-6 sialyl-lactose suggesting that α2-6 sialic acid contributes to M. catarrhalis binding to mucins. Further, we detected more M. catarrhalis binding to mucins from patients with pneumonia than to those from control subjects (n=8-13) and this binding correlated with C-reactive protein and Neu5Ac levels. These results suggest a key role of inflammation induced Neu5Ac in adhesion of M. catarrhalis to airway mucins. Inflammation induced ability of MUC5 mucins to bind M. catarrhalis is likely a host defense mechanism in the healthy lung, although it cannot be excluded that impaired mucociliary clearance limits the effectiveness of this defense in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médea Padra
- Sahlgrenska Academy, 70712, Institute of Biomedicine, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Benktander
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, 70712, Biomedicine, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - János T Padra
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, 70712, Biomedicine, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Andersson
- University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, 174417, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Goteborg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 56749, COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Bettina Brundin
- Karolinska Institute Institute of Environmental Medicine, 193414, Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Tengvall
- University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, 174417, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- University of Gothenburg Institute of Odontology, 251781, Department of Oral Microbiology & Immunology, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, 174417, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Robert Gad
- Skåne University Hospital Lund, 59564, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Paulsson
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Translational Medicine, Malmö, Sweden.,Skåne University Hospital Lund, 59564, Department of Infectious diseases, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos Pournaras
- Karolinska Institute Institute of Environmental Medicine, 193414, Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, 59562, Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Karolinska Institute Institute of Environmental Medicine, 193414, Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, 59562, Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, 70712, Biomedicine, Goteborg, Sweden;
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8
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Adatia A, Wahab M, Shahid I, Moinuddin A, Killian KJ, Satia I. Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary physiology, muscle strength and exercise capacity in a retrospective cohort with 30,000 subjects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250957. [PMID: 34166381 PMCID: PMC8224924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary physiology and how those effects lead to reduced exercise capacity are not well established. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the spirometry, single-breath gas transfer (DLCO), peripheral muscle strength, and maximum exercise capacity data in patients referred to McMaster University Medical Centre for cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 2000 and 2012. RESULTS 29,441 subjects underwent CPET and had a recorded smoking history [58% male, mean age 51.1 years (S.D.±19.6), BMI 27.4 kg/m2(±5.8)]. 7081 (24%) were current or former smokers and were divided into 4 categories by packs years (mean ±S.D.): <10 (5.8±3.3), 10-20 (17.1±2.9), 20-30 (27.1±2.8), 30-40 (37.3±2.8), and >40 (53.9±12.8). Patients with greater cigarette smoke exposure had lower expiratory flow rates (FEV1, FEF50, FEF75, PEFR), DLCO, and maximum power output (MPO) during exercise. There was no association between smoke exposure and muscle strength. Modeling MPO (kpm/min) output as a function of demographic and physiologic variables showed that the data are well explained by muscle strength (kg), FEV1 (L), and DLCO (mmHg/min/mL) in similar magnitude (MPO = 42.7*Quads0.34*FEV10.34 * DLCO0.43; r = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Long-term cigarette smoke exposure is associated with small airway narrowing and impaired diffusion capacity but not with peripheral muscle weakness. The effects of smoking, age, and gender on maximum power output are mediated by reductions in FEV1, muscle strength and DLCO. Exercise capacity in smokers may benefit from therapies targeting all 3 variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Adatia
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Mustafaa Wahab
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Izza Shahid
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ali Moinuddin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Imran Satia
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
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Kliment CR, Nguyen JMK, Kaltreider MJ, Lu Y, Claypool SM, Radder JE, Sciurba FC, Zhang Y, Gregory AD, Iglesias PA, Sidhaye VK, Robinson DN. Adenine nucleotide translocase regulates airway epithelial metabolism, surface hydration and ciliary function. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.257162. [PMID: 33526710 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway hydration and ciliary function are critical to airway homeostasis and dysregulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is impacted by cigarette smoking and has no therapeutic options. We utilized a high-copy cDNA library genetic selection approach in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to identify genetic protectors to cigarette smoke. Members of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporter family adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) are protective against cigarette smoke in Dictyostelium and human bronchial epithelial cells. Gene expression of ANT2 is reduced in lung tissue from COPD patients and in a mouse smoking model, and overexpression of ANT1 and ANT2 resulted in enhanced oxidative respiration and ATP flux. In addition to the presence of ANT proteins in the mitochondria, they reside at the plasma membrane in airway epithelial cells and regulate airway homeostasis. ANT2 overexpression stimulates airway surface hydration by ATP and maintains ciliary beating after exposure to cigarette smoke, both of which are key functions of the airway. Our study highlights a potential for upregulation of ANT proteins and/or of their agonists in the protection from dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism, airway hydration and ciliary motility in COPD.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine R Kliment
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer M K Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary Jane Kaltreider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - YaWen Lu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Josiah E Radder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alyssa D Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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10
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Song Q, Chen P, Liu XM. The role of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD. Respir Res 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 33546691 PMCID: PMC7866753 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality. It has become the fifth most burdened and the third most deadly disease in the global economy and increases year by year. The prevention and treatment of COPD are urgent. Smoking is the main and most common risk factor for COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) contains a large number of toxic substances, can cause a series of changes in the trachea, lung tissue, pulmonary blood vessels, and promotes the occurrence and development of COPD. In recent years, the development of epigenetics and molecular biology have provided new guidance for revealing the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The latest research indicates that pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis initiates and participates in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this review, we summarize the current research on the epigenetic mechanisms and molecular biology of CS-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD, providing a new research direction for pathogenesis of COPD and a new target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang-Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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11
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Steuer CE, Jegede OA, Dahlberg SE, Wakelee HA, Keller SM, Tester WJ, Gandara DR, Graziano SL, Adjei AA, Butts CA, Ramalingam SS, Schiller JH. Smoking Behavior in Patients With Early-Stage NSCLC: A Report From ECOG-ACRIN 1505 Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:960-967. [PMID: 33539971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking cessation has been reported to benefit patients even after a diagnosis of lung cancer. We studied the smoking behavior of patients who participated in a phase 3 trial of adjuvant therapy following resection of stages IB-IIIA NSCLC. METHODS The ECOG-ACRIN 1505 was conducted to determine whether the addition of bevacizumab to adjuvant chemotherapy would improve overall survival (OS) for patients with early-stage NSCLC. Studying the association between smoking status and OS was a secondary end point. Patients completed a questionnaire on their smoking habits at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS A total of 1501 patients were enrolled, and 99.8%, 95%, 94%, 93%, and 93% responded to the questionnaire at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. A total of 90% reported a current or previous history of cigarette smoking. In addition, 60% of nonsmokers at enrollment reported smoking after diagnosis (before randomization); however, 1% of them reported smoking at 12 months. Furthermore, 94% of the respondents smoked none/fewer cigarettes daily at 12 months. The incidence of grades 3-5 toxicity on treatment was 68%, 76%, and 72% in never, former, and current smokers, respectively (p = 0.05). The disease-free survival for never-smokers relative to current and former smokers was (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, p = 0.64 and HR 1.05, p = 0.72), and OS was (adjusted HR for death 0.54, p = 0.005 and adjusted HR for death 0.68, p = 0.03), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive, prospective report of smoking habits in patients with NSCLC patients from a phase III early-stage trial. There was a high rate of smoking reduction and cessation following study entry. The disease-free survival did not differ significantly between smokers and never smokers, though there were less grade 3-5 toxicities and more favorable OS in never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor E Steuer
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Opeyemi A Jegede
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Heather A Wakelee
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | | | - William J Tester
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David R Gandara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Stephen L Graziano
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | | | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Ra SW, Kim SY, Lim YY, Park SJ, Rhee CK, Kim DK, Park YB, Lee CY, Yoon HK, Park JW, Yoo KH. The safety and efficacy of CKD-497 in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis symptoms: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1-9. [PMID: 33569179 PMCID: PMC7867795 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) together with acute bronchitis is the most common illness worldwide. Botanical medicines used as expectorants and antitussives have proven to be effective while also having excellent safety margins. We aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a new botanical drug, CKD-497, in patients with AURI and acute bronchitis. Methods In this phase 2 study, 225 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: placebo (n=55), Synatura® (n=49), CKD-497 200 mg (n=68), or CKD-497 300 mg (n=53). The study drugs were administered three times daily over the course of 7 days. Primary endpoint was the change in the bronchitis severity score (BSS) from baseline to day 7. Secondary endpoint was evaluated based on clinical response rates on days 4 and 7. A safety analysis was also performed. Results Between baseline and day 7, the mean BSS scores decreased significantly in each group (P<0.001): –4.04±1.85, –4.31±1.47, –4.09±1.48, and –4.28±1.69. However, neither the CKD-497 nor Synatura® group showed any significant effect on the difference in BSS change (P=0.75). The rate of clinical response was higher in the CKD-497 300 mg group as compared to the placebo only on day 4 (36% vs. 18%; P<0.05) and those having more severe bronchitis (phlegm score ≥3) showed a significant reduction of total BSS in the Synatura® and CKD-497 groups (P=0.042). No significant adverse events were observed in either of the CKD-497 groups. Conclusions CKD-497 and even the positive control drug had no significant effect on BSS change in this phase 2 clinical trial. However, CKD-497 300 mg had a mild but significant clinical improvement in early bronchitis patients with more severe phlegm. Considering both efficacy and safety, a future study using 300 mg of CKD-497 with a shorter-term endpoint is warranted in patients with more severe bronchitis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Ra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Botanical Drug, Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yun Young Lim
- Department of Botanical Drug, Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Shin Jung Park
- Department of Botanical Drug, Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Bum Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Youl Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Zeng L, Han S, Wu A. Long-term olfactory dysfunction after single-nostril endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 82:166-172. [PMID: 33317727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, the endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas has been widely adopted among neurosurgeons. However, olfactory disturbances have been observed after this procedure, and few studies on long-term (>6 mo) olfactory disturbance after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery have been conducted. Although we perform minimally invasive endoscopic surgery, some patients continue to experience hyposmia, with some even experience long-term hyposmia. This impairment results in a considerable loss in quality of life. We present a series of patients who underwent minimally invasive single-nostril TSS for pituitary adenoma, including evaluation of their olfactory function. We further investigated the related risk factors for long-term olfactory dysfunction. METHODS One hundred sixty-one consecutive patients who met the study criteria underwent the single-nostril endoscopic transsphenoidal approach by the senior author. The Smell Diskettes Olfaction Test was used to evaluate olfactory function. RESULTS Postoperative olfactory disturbance in patients treated with endoscopic transnasal TSS is frequent. Of the study population, 67.1% of the patients were hyposmic or anosmic and 14.9% had long-term olfactory dysfunction. We also performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the characteristics of patients with long-term olfactory dysfunction. Nasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.77) and smoking (OR, 14.77) were associated with long-term olfactory dysfunction after transnasal TSS. CONCLUSIONS Significant disturbances in olfactory performance occur after single-nostril transnasal TSS for pituitary adenoma. Furthermore, preoperative nasal disease and smoking appear to be risk factors for long-term olfactory dysfunction. Physicians should address clinical findings related to olfactory function and provide appropriate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital of WuHan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Jiang C, Chen Q, Xie M. Smoking increases the risk of infectious diseases: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:60. [PMID: 32765200 PMCID: PMC7398598 DOI: 10.18332/tid/123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is relevant to infectious diseases resulting in increased prevalence and mortality. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of smoking in various infections and to explain the potential mechanisms. We searched PubMed and other relevant databases for scientific studies that explored the relationship between smoking and infection. The mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in smokers may include alteration of the structural, functional and immunologic host defences. Smoking is one of the main risk factors for infections in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and other systems in humans, increasing the prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV, and the current SARS-CoV-2. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of infection. Smoking increases the incidence of infections and aggravates the progress and prognosis of infectious diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Smoking cessation promotion and education are the most practical and economical preventive measures to reduce aggravation of disease infection owing to tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Department of Gerontology and Respirology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Xie
- Department of Gerontology and Respirology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Patel SD, Bono TR, Rowe SM, Solomon GM. CFTR targeted therapies: recent advances in cystic fibrosis and possibilities in other diseases of the airways. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/190068. [PMID: 32554756 PMCID: PMC9131734 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0068-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion transporter that regulates mucus hydration, viscosity and acidity of the airway epithelial surface. Genetic defects in CFTR impair regulation of mucus homeostasis, causing severe defects of mucociliary clearance as seen in cystic fibrosis. Recent work has established that CFTR dysfunction can be acquired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may also contribute to other diseases that share clinical features of cystic fibrosis, such as asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and bronchiectasis. Protean causes of CFTR dysfunction have been identified including cigarette smoke exposure, toxic metals and downstream effects of neutrophil activation pathways. Recently, CFTR modulators, small molecule agents that potentiate CFTR or restore diminished protein levels at the cell surface, have been successfully developed for various CFTR gene defects, prompting interest in their use to treat diseases of acquired dysfunction. The spectrum of CFTR dysfunction, strategies for CFTR modulation, and candidate diseases for CFTR modulation beyond cystic fibrosis will be reviewed in this manuscript. CFTR dysfunction may be part of the pathophysiology of many diseases of the airways. Exploration of mechanisms of dysfunction and options for CFTR-directed therapies are examined in this article. http://bit.ly/33o6nDu
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheylan D Patel
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Taylor R Bono
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA .,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George M Solomon
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Hu X, Su MC, Wang YW, Che GW. Postoperative Elevations of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratios Predict Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:339-347. [PMID: 32337695 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are found to increase in patients who develop postoperative complications (PCs). The aim of the present study was to explore the association of the perioperative changes of NLR (ΔNLR) and PLR (ΔPLR) with PCs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical data of 509 patients, who were diagnosed with NSCLC and underwent thoracoscopic radical resection between January 1, 2014 and July 31, 2016 at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, were reviewed. Patients were divided into PC and non-PC groups, and clinical characteristics including ΔNLR and ΔPLR were compared between them. The optimal cut-off values of ΔNLR and ΔPLR were determined by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and patients were assigned to high ΔNLR/ΔPLR and low ΔNLR/ΔPLR groups in terms of the cut-off values. Clinicopathologic characteristics and the incidence of different PCs were compared between the dichotomized groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for PCs. The results showed that the ΔNLR and ΔPLR in the PC group were signifcantly higher than those in the non-PC group (P<0.001 for both). The optimal cutoff values of ΔNLR and ΔPLR were 6.6 and 49, respectively. Patients with ΔNLR>6.6 or ΔPLR>49 were more likely to experience postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) (P<0.001 for both). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that smoking [odds ratio (OR): 2.450, 95% confdence interval (95% CI): 1.084-5.535, P=0.031)], tumor size (OR: 1.225, 95% CI: 1.047-1.433, P=0.011), ΔNLR>6.6 (OR: 2.453, 95% CI: 1.224-4.914, P=0.011) and ΔPLR>49 (OR: 2.231, 95% CI: 1.182-4.212, P=0.013) were predictive of PPCs. In conclusion, the ΔNLR and ΔPLR may act as novel predictors for PPCs in NSCLC patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical lung resection, and patients with ΔNLR>6.6 or ΔPLR>49 should be treated more actively to prevent or reduce PPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Hu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng-Chan Su
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Wen Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Wei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Hadzic S, Wu CY, Avdeev S, Weissmann N, Schermuly RT, Kosanovic D. Lung epithelium damage in COPD - An unstoppable pathological event? Cell Signal 2020; 68:109540. [PMID: 31953012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common term for alveolar septal wall destruction resulting in emphysema, and chronic bronchitis accompanied by conductive airway remodelling. In general, this disease is characterized by a disbalance of proteolytic/anti-proteolytic activity, augmented inflammatory response, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, rise in number of apoptotic cells and decreased proliferation. As the first responder to the various environmental stimuli, epithelium occupies an important position in different lung pathologies, including COPD. Epithelium sequentially transitions from the upper airways in the direction of the gas exchange surface in the alveoli, and every cell type possesses a distinct role in the maintenance of the homeostasis. Basically, a thick ciliated structure of the airway epithelium has a major function in mucus secretion, whereas, alveolar epithelium which forms a thin barrier covered by surfactant has a function in gas exchange. Following this line, we will try to reveal whether or not the chronic bronchitis and emphysema, being two pathological phenotypes in COPD, could originate in two different types of epithelium. In addition, this review focuses on the role of lung epithelium in COPD pathology, and summarises underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hadzic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Shrestha J, Ghadiri M, Shanmugavel M, Razavi Bazaz S, Vasilescu S, Ding L, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A rapidly prototyped lung-on-a-chip model using 3D-printed molds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Osteopontin Expression in Small Airway Epithelium in Copd is Dependent on Differentiation and Confined to Subsets of Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15566. [PMID: 31664154 PMCID: PMC6820743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays a role in inflammation via recruitment of neutrophils and tissue remodeling. In this study, we investigated the distribution of OPN-expressing cells in the airway epithelium of normal lung tissue and that from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OPN was detected on the epithelial cell surface of small airways and in scattered cells within the epithelial cell layer. Staining revealed higher OPN concentrations in tissue showing moderate to severe COPD compared to that in controls. In addition, OPN expression was confined to goblet and club cells, and was absent from ciliated and basal cells as detected via immunohistochemistry. However, OPN expression was up-regulated in submerged basal cells cultures exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) extract. Cell fractioning of air-liquid interface cultures revealed increased OPN production from basal compartment cells compared to that in luminal fraction cells. Furthermore, both constitutive and CS-induced expression of OPN decreased during differentiation. In contrast, cultures stimulated with interleukin (IL)-13 to promote goblet cell hyperplasia showed increased OPN production in response to CS exposure. These results indicate that the cellular composition of the airway epithelium plays an important role in OPN expression and that these levels may reflect disease endotypes in COPD.
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Tripathi S, Nikhare A, Sharma G, Shea T, Albrecht H. Safety And Tolerability Of Extended-Release Guaifenesin In Patients With Cough, Thickened Mucus And Chest Congestion Associated With Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2019; 11:87-94. [PMID: 31632154 PMCID: PMC6791405 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s222109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An extended-release (ER) formulation of the expectorant guaifenesin has recently been launched in India for the treatment of productive cough accompanied by mucus (phlegm). Although the safety profile of ER guaifenesin marketed in the USA is well documented, there were limited safety data available in the Indian population. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the safety profile of ER guaifenesin in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, post-marketing surveillance study enrolled 552 adults with cough, thickened mucus and chest congestion due to URTI, who took ER guaifenesin 1200 mg (Mucinex®, Reckitt Benckiser; two 600 mg tablets) every 12 hrs for 7 days. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and questionnaires administered to patients and investigators. RESULTS A total of 29 treatment-emergent AEs were recorded in 28/552 patients, including gastrointestinal (n = 11), nervous system (n = 8), psychiatric (n = 3), respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal (n = 2), skin and subcutaneous tissue (n = 2), and general disorders (n = 3). All AEs were mild in severity and no serious AEs or deaths occurred. The majority of both patients and investigators were either satisfied or very satisfied with improvements in treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION This study found that ER guaifenesin was well tolerated and had a favorable safety profile in otherwise healthy patients suffering from symptoms of cough, thickened mucus and chest congestion associated with URTI. Registered trial NCT03725085 (ClinicalTrials.gov) and CTRI/2014/07/004730 (ctri.nic.in).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheth LG General Hospital & AMC MET Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashish Nikhare
- Department of Pulmonology, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Regional Medical Affairs (South of Asia), Reckitt Benckiser, Haryana, India
| | - Tim Shea
- Global Medical - Respiratory, Reckitt Benckiser, Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | - Helmut Albrecht
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Song Y, Wang W, Xie Y, Xiang B, Huang X, Guan W, Zheng J. Carbocisteine inhibits the expression of Muc5b in COPD mouse model. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3259-3268. [PMID: 31571828 PMCID: PMC6754527 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s198874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke (CS) results in chronic mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation, contributing to COPD pathogenesis. Mucin 5B (MUC5B) and mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC) are major mucins implicated in COPD pathogenesis. Carbocisteine can reduce mucus viscosity and elasticity. Although carbocisteine decreased human elastase-induced MUC5AC expression in vitro and reduced MUC5AC expression that alleviated bacteria adhesion and improved mucus clearance in vivo, the roles of carbocisteine in inducing MUC5B expression in COPD remain unclear. Methods To investigate the Muc5b/Muc5ac ratio and the gene and protein levels of Muc5b in COPD and carbocisteine intervention models. C57B6J mice were used to develop COPD model by instilling intratracheally with lipopolysaccharide on days 1 and 14 and were exposed to CS for 2 hr twice a day for 12 weeks. Low and high doses of carbocisteine 112.5 and 225 mg/kg/d, respectively, given by gavage administration were applied for the treatment in COPD models for the same duration, and carboxymethylcellulose was used as control. Carbocisteine significantly attenuated inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary tissue, improved pulmonary function and protected against emphysema. Results High-dose carbocisteine significantly decreased the overproduction of Muc5b (P<0.01) and Muc5ac (P<0.001), and restored Muc5b/Muc5ac ratio in COPD model group (P<0.001). Moreover, the Muc5b/Muc5ac ratio negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived cytokine, mean linear intercept, functional residual capacity and airway resistance, but positively correlated with dynamic compliance. Conclusions These findings suggest that carbocisteine attenuated Muc5b and Muc5ac secretion and restored Muc5b protein levels, which may improve mucus clearance in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Drug Research Institute of Guangzhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
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Nejad-Moghaddam A, Tahmasbpour E, Sohrabiyan M, Jafari H, Ghanei M. Stem cells therapy: a review on approaches that can be used for treatment of respiratory failures in sulfur mustard-injured patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:359-367. [PMID: 30488735 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1510961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic agent which causes severe abnormalities in an airway system such as necrosis and inflammation, oxidative stress, chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although possible mechanisms of SM toxicity have been extensively considered, there is still need to find an appropriate clinical treatment to decrease chronic lung injuries caused by SM. Due to extensive progresses and achievement in tissue repairing through stem cells therapy, the importance of cell therapy for the treatment of lung injuries has been increased. However, several factors such as types of stem cells, necessary conditions for growth and proliferation of stem cells, and their homing into the target tissues are considered as the most important problems in this issue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of multipotent stem cells with proliferative and self-renewal capacity which are able to differentiate into different cell lines such as lung epithelial cells. They have a potential repairing and immune modulatory properties which make them as a good candidate for the regeneration of bronchioles tract in SM-exposed patients. Unlike chemical drugs, the differentiation and high-level safety properties of MSCs can be considered as a new strategy for the treatment of SM-injured patients with pulmonary complications. This review aims to consider the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the treatment of SM-induced pulmonary injuries in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nejad-Moghaddam
- a Marine Medicine Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- b Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Milad Sohrabiyan
- c Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hosein Jafari
- a Marine Medicine Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- c Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Segal LN, Martinez FJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subpopulations and phenotyping. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1961-1971. [PMID: 29884286 PMCID: PMC5996762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been based largely on a one-size-fits-all approach. Diagnosis of COPD is based on meeting the physiologic criteria of fixed obstruction in forced expiratory flows and treatment focus on symptomatic relief, with limited effect on overall prognosis. However, patients with COPD have distinct features that determine very different evolutions of the disease. In this review we highlight distinct subgroups of COPD characterized by unique pathophysiologic derangements, response to treatment, and disease progression. It is likely that identification of subgroups of COPD will lead to discovery of much needed disease-modifying therapeutic approaches. We argue that a precision approach that integrates multiple dimensions (clinical, physiologic, imaging, and endotyping) is needed to move the field forward in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cornell University, Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College, Ithaca, NY
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yousuf
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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25
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Vent J, Bartels S, Haynatzki G, Gentry-Nielsen MJ, Leopold DA, Hallworth R. The Impact of Ethanol and Tobacco Smoke on Intranasal Epithelium in the Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/194589240301700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Investigations have shown the influence of ethanol and tobacco smoke on olfaction, epithelial metaplasia, and cancer formation in the head and neck. Analysis of ethanol and tobacco smoke-induced histopathological mucosal changes in the upper respiratory tract may provide important insight into the pathophysiology of secondary olfactory dysfunction. Methods Three groups of laboratory rats were experimentally exposed to either ethanol, tobacco smoke, or both, with a control group having no such exposure. Results Compared with controls, histopathological analysis of nasal mucosa in exposed rats revealed a decrease in the length of olfactory epithelium, especially in the rats exposed to both ethanol and tobacco smoke. Structural changes included loss of cilia and metaplasia. Conclusion The histological changes noted in rats after ethanol and tobacco smoke exposure, if relevant to human physiology, could explain the decreased olfactory ability seen in patients who use these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vent
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sande Bartels
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | - Donald A. Leopold
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Richard Hallworth
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
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26
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Standardized Herbal Formula PM014 Inhibits Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45001. [PMID: 28322297 PMCID: PMC5359558 DOI: 10.1038/srep45001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used for thoracic cancers. However, it occasionally causes radiation-induced lung injuries, including pneumonitis and fibrosis. Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang (CSBHT) has been traditionally used to treat chronic pulmonary disease in Korea. PM014, a modified herbal formula derived from CSBHT, contains medicinal herbs of seven species. In our previous studies, PM014 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of PM014 on radiation-induced lung inflammation. Mice in the treatment group were orally administered PM014 six times for 2 weeks. Effects of PM014 on radiation pneumonitis were evaluated based on histological findings and differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM014 treatment significantly inhibited immune cell recruitment and collagen deposition in lung tissue. Normal lung volume, evaluated by radiological analysis, in PM014-treated mice was higher compared to that in irradiated control mice. PM014-treated mice exhibited significant changes in inspiratory capacity, compliance and tissue damping and elastance. Additionally, PM014 treatment resulted in the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and fibrosis-related genes and a reduction in the transforming growth factor-β1-positive cell population in lung tissue. Thus, PM014 is a potent therapeutic agent for radiation-induced lung fibrosis and inflammation.
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27
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McCormick-Ricket I, Canterberry M, Ghaffar A, Parada NA, Carton TW. Measuring the Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Lung Function: Results From a Small Observational Investigation of Acute Exposure. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:1028-1033. [PMID: 27753747 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in smoky venues puts patrons and employees at risk for immediate respiratory symptoms. Although much literature focuses on outcomes associated with chronic ETS exposure, the current study assesses changes in lung function after acute exposure. METHODS Ninety-six nonsmoking, healthy adults were exposed to ETS at a bar. Lung function [eg, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)] was assessed at baseline, immediately after 3 hours of ETS exposure, and 2 hours after exiting the bar. PM2.5 recordings were also measured. RESULTS Repeated-measures analysis of variance found significant decreases in FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75%, and peak expiratory flow after ETS exposure compared with baseline that remained significantly decreased after a 2-hour recovery period. CONCLUSIONS Acute exposure to ETS in a natural environment significantly attenuates lung function. A subgroup experienced heightened reductions in lung function.
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28
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Ran D, Chen L, Xie W, Xu Q, Han Z, Huang H, Zhou X. Cold-inducible RNA binding protein regulates mucin expression induced by cold temperatures in human airway epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 603:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Chen L, Ran D, Xie W, Xu Q, Zhou X. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediates cold air inducible airway mucin production through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:48-56. [PMID: 27423012 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucus overproduction is an important feature in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and cold air stimulation has been shown to be associated with the severity of these diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms that mediate excessive mucin production under cold stress remain elusive. Recently, the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) has been shown to be markedly induced after exposure to cold air. In this study, we sought to explore the expression of CIRP within bronchial biopsy specimens, the effect on mucin5AC (MUC5AC) production in chronic inflammatory airway diseases and the potential signaling pathways involved in cold air stimulation process. We found that CIRP protein expression was significantly increased in patients with COPD and in mice treated with cold air. Moreover, cold air stimulation induced MUC5AC expression in wild-type mice but not in CIRP(-/-) mice. In vitro, cold air stress significantly elevated the transcriptional and protein expression levels of MUC5AC in human bronchial epithelial cells. CIRP, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-p65) increased significantly in response to cold stress and CIRP siRNA, TLR4 - neutralizing Ab and a specific inhibitor of NF-κB could attenuated cold stress inducible MUC5AC expression. In addition, CIRP siRNA could hindered the expression levels of TLR4 and p-p65 both induced by cold stress. Taken together, these results suggest that airway epithelial cells constitutively express CIRP in vitro and in vivo. CIRP is responsible for cold-inducible MUC5AC expression by activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Danhua Ran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Wenyue Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
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30
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Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides ameliorated pulmonary function while inhibiting mucin-5AC and stimulating aquaporin-5 expression. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Carlson AA, Smith EA, Reid DJ. The stats are in: an update on statin use in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:2277-84. [PMID: 26543360 PMCID: PMC4622484 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s78875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles, the most prevalent of which is cigarette smoke. Studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoking is associated with activation of the bone marrow, and chronic smoking can lead to the inflammatory changes seen in COPD. Due to the inflammatory nature of the disease, medications affecting the inflammatory pathway may have clinical benefit and are being evaluated. One such class of medications, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, have been evaluated in the COPD population. Early studies have suggested that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have a variety of benefits in COPD including improvements in inflammatory markers, exacerbation rates, and mortality rates. However, the majority of this data comes from retrospective cohort studies, suggesting the need for randomized controlled trials. Recently, two randomized controlled trials, STATCOPE and RODEO, evaluated the benefit of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the COPD population and found no benefit in exacerbation rates and vascular or pulmonary function, respectively. These results are reflected in practice guidelines, which do not support the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for the purpose of reducing COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A Carlson
- Department of Pharmacy and Health System Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan A Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debra J Reid
- Department of Pharmacy and Health System Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Du RH, Richmond BW, Blackwell TS, Cates JM, Massion PP, Ware LB, Lee JW, Kononov AV, Lawson WE, Blackwell TS, Polosukhin VV. Secretory IgA from submucosal glands does not compensate for its airway surface deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:657-665. [PMID: 26432569 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) reaches the airway lumen by local transcytosis across airway epithelial cells or with tracheobronchial submucosal gland secretions. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), deficiency of SIgA on the airway surface has been reported. However, reduction of SIgA levels in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid has not been consistently observed. To explain this discrepancy, we analyzed BAL fluid and lung tissue from patients with COPD and control subjects. Immunohistochemical analysis of large and small airways of COPD patients showed that MUC5AC is the predominant mucin expressed by airway epithelial cells, whereas MUC5B is expressed in submucosal glands of large airways. Dual immunostaining with anti-IgA and anti-MUC5B antibodies showed reduction of IgA on the airway surface as well as accumulation of IgA within MUC5B-positive luminal mucus plugs, suggesting that luminal SIgA originates from submucosal glands in COPD patients. We found that the concentration of SIgA in BAL is inversely correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in COPD, but that the ratio of SIgA/MUC5B is a better predictor of FEV1, particularly in patients with moderate COPD. Together, these findings suggest that SIgA production by submucosal glands, which are expanded in COPD, is insufficient to compensate for reduced SIgA transcytosis by airway epithelial cells. Localized SIgA deficiency on the surface of small airways is associated with COPD progression and represents a potential new therapeutic target in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hong Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA
| | - Justin M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexey V Kononov
- Department of Pathology, Omsk State Medical Academy, Omsk, Russia
| | - William E Lawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA.
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Ghosh A, Boucher RC, Tarran R. Airway hydration and COPD. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3637-52. [PMID: 26068443 PMCID: PMC4567929 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the prevalent causes of worldwide mortality and encompasses two major clinical phenotypes, i.e., chronic bronchitis (CB) and emphysema. The most common cause of COPD is chronic tobacco inhalation. Research focused on the chronic bronchitic phenotype of COPD has identified several pathological processes that drive disease initiation and progression. For example, the lung's mucociliary clearance (MCC) system performs the critical task of clearing inhaled pathogens and toxic materials from the lung. MCC efficiency is dependent on: (1) the ability of apical plasma membrane ion channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) to maintain airway hydration; (2) ciliary beating; and (3) appropriate rates of mucin secretion. Each of these components is impaired in CB and likely contributes to the mucus stasis/accumulation seen in CB patients. This review highlights the cellular components responsible for maintaining MCC and how this process is disrupted following tobacco exposure and with CB. We shall also discuss existing therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and how components of the MCC can be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of tobacco or tobacco-like-product exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - R C Boucher
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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34
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Bhandary YP, Shetty SK, Marudamuthu AS, Midde KK, Ji HL, Shams H, Subramaniam R, Fu J, Idell S, Shetty S. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cigarette smoke exposure and influenza A virus infection-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123187. [PMID: 25932922 PMCID: PMC4416821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenchymal lung inflammation and airway and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis are associated with cigarette smoke exposure (CSE), which contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epidemiological studies indicate that people exposed to chronic cigarette smoke with or without COPD are more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We found increased p53, PAI-1 and apoptosis in AECs, with accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of patients with COPD. In Wild-type (WT) mice with passive CSE (PCSE), p53 and PAI-1 expression and apoptosis were increased in AECs as was lung inflammation, while those lacking p53 or PAI-1 resisted AEC apoptosis and lung inflammation. Further, inhibition of p53-mediated induction of PAI-1 by treatment of WT mice with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) reduced PCSE-induced lung inflammation and reversed PCSE-induced suppression of eosinophil-associated RNase1 (EAR1). Competitive inhibition of the p53-PAI-1 mRNA interaction by expressing p53-binding 3’UTR sequences of PAI-1 mRNA likewise suppressed CS-induced PAI-1 and AEC apoptosis and restored EAR1 expression. Consistent with PCSE-induced lung injury, IAV infection increased p53, PAI-1 and apoptosis in AECs in association with pulmonary inflammation. Lung inflammation induced by PCSE was worsened by subsequent exposure to IAV. Mice lacking PAI-1 that were exposed to IAV showed minimal viral burden based on M2 antigen and hemagglutination analyses, whereas transgenic mice that overexpress PAI-1 without PCSE showed increased M2 antigen and inflammation after IAV infection. These observations indicate that increased PAI-1 expression promotes AEC apoptosis and exacerbates lung inflammation induced by IAV following PCSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhar P. Bhandary
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shwetha K. Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amarnath S. Marudamuthu
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krishna K. Midde
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Homoyoun Shams
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Renuka Subramaniam
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Steven Idell
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hammad DR, Elgazzar AG, Essawy TS, Abd El Sameie SA. Evaluation of serum interleukin-1 beta as an inflammatory marker in COPD patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Muñoz-Esquerre M, Huertas D, Escobar I, López-Sánchez M, Penín R, Peinado V, Barberà JA, Molina-Molina M, Manresa F, Dorca J, Santos S. Gene and Protein Expression of Fibronectin and Tenascin-C in Lung Samples from COPD Patients. Lung 2015; 193:335-43. [PMID: 25794567 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibronectin (Fn) and tenascin-C (TnC) are two extracellular matrix proteins associated with remodeling changes. Fn and TnC gene and protein expression in lung tissue, including their predominant location in bronchial and pulmonary artery structures, have not yet been fully evaluated. The aim of the present study was to assess: (1) gene expression of Fn and TnC in lung samples from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD subjects; and (2) protein content and location of Fn and TnC in both groups. METHODS Consecutive subjects requiring lung resection due to lung cancer surgery were included. Lung specimens were examined for gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR (values expressed as fold change ratio). The analysis of their protein content and location was performed by western blot and immunohistochemical studies, respectively. Patients were divided into two cohorts according to COPD status. RESULTS A total of 41 patients (20 with COPD and 21 without COPD) were included. An enhanced Fn gene expression was observed in the COPD group compared to the non-COPD group (4.73 ± 0.54 vs. 2.65 ± 0.57; P = 0.012), whereas no differences in gene TnC expression were observed (2.91 ± 0.44 vs. 2.60 ± 0.48; P = 0.633). No differences in lung protein content and location were found between groups. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed a predominantly vascular and bronchial location of Fn and TnC in both groups. CONCLUSIONS An enhanced lung gene expression of Fn was observed in COPD subjects compared to non-COPD subjects. No differences were found in Fn protein expression or in TnC gene or protein expression among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Muñoz-Esquerre
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, CP 08907, Barcelona, Spain
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Cigarette smoke alters primary human bronchial epithelial cell differentiation at the air-liquid interface. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8163. [PMID: 25641363 PMCID: PMC4313097 DOI: 10.1038/srep08163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiated human airway epithelium consists of different cell types forming a polarized and pseudostratified epithelium. This is dramatically altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by basal and goblet cell hyperplasia, and squamous cell metaplasia. The effect of cigarette smoke on human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) differentiation remains to be elucidated. We analysed whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affected primary (p)HBEC differentiation and function. pHBEC were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and differentiation was quantified after 7, 14, 21, or 28 days by assessing acetylated tubulin, CC10, or MUC5AC for ciliated, Clara, or goblet cells, respectively. Exposure of differentiating pHBEC to CSE impaired epithelial barrier formation, as assessed by resistance measurements (TEER). Importantly, CSE exposure significantly reduced the number of ciliated cells, while it increased the number of Clara and goblet cells. CSE-dependent cell number changes were reflected by a reduction of acetylated tubulin levels, an increased expression of the basal cell marker KRT14, and increased secretion of CC10, but not by changes in transcript levels of CC10, MUC5AC, or FOXJ1. Our data demonstrate that cigarette smoke specifically alters the cellular composition of the airway epithelium by affecting basal cell differentiation in a post-transcriptional manner.
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Talikka M, Kostadinova R, Xiang Y, Mathis C, Sewer A, Majeed S, Kuehn D, Frentzel S, Merg C, Geertz M, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. The response of human nasal and bronchial organotypic tissue cultures to repeated whole cigarette smoke exposure. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:506-17. [PMID: 25297719 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814551647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is linked to the development of respiratory diseases, and there is a need to understand the mechanisms whereby CS causes damage. Although animal models have provided valuable insights into smoking-related respiratory tract damage, modern toxicity testing calls for reliable in vitro models as alternatives for animal experimentation. We report on a repeated whole mainstream CS exposure of nasal and bronchial organotypic tissue cultures that mimic the morphological, physiological, and molecular attributes of the human respiratory tract. Despite the similar cellular staining and cytokine secretion in both tissue types, the transcriptomic analyses in the context of biological network models identified similar and diverse biological processes that were impacted by CS-exposed nasal and bronchial cultures. Our results demonstrate that nasal and bronchial tissue cultures are appropriate in vitro models for the assessment of CS-induced adverse effects in the respiratory system and promising alternative to animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Radina Kostadinova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Kuehn
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Geertz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Friedrichs B, Neumann U, Schüller J, Peck MJ. Cigarette-smoke-induced priming of neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers for increased oxidative burst response is mediated by TNF-α. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1249-58. [PMID: 24997298 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro treatment of human peripheral blood neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers with an aqueous cigarette smoke (CS) extract resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in surface expression of CD11b and CD66b and a corresponding decrease of CD62L, together with a concentration-dependent release of MMP-8, MMP-9, and lactoferrin, indicating considerable activation and degranulation. However, the burst response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was unchanged in CS-stimulated neutrophils from both smokers and non-smokers. When supernatants from CS-treated monocytic MonoMac-6 (MM6) cells were used for activation of neutrophils, concentration-dependent changes in surface marker expression, granule protein release, and the oxidative burst response to fMLP were observed, again with no major differences between smokers and non-smokers. CS-treated MM6 cells released significant amounts of IL-8 and TNF-α into the culture supernatant. However, antibody blocking experiments showed that only TNF-α mediated the increased burst response in neutrophils. These data show that, in the presence of secondary cells, CS is able to prime neutrophils for an increased burst response to fMLP which is mediated by TNF-α, released from the secondary cells in response to CS. Following stimulation with priming agents, peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy smokers show an equal burst response compared to those from non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Friedrichs
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Neumann
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Schüller
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Peck
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108342. [PMID: 25244293 PMCID: PMC4171526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is rapidly increasing in the United States, especially among young people since e-cigarettes have been perceived as a safer alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes. However, the scientific evidence regarding the human health effects of e-cigarettes on the lung is extremely limited. The major goal of our current study is to determine if e-cigarette use alters human young subject airway epithelial functions such as inflammatory response and innate immune defense against respiratory viral (i.e., human rhinovirus, HRV) infection. Methodology/Main Results We examined the effects of e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) on pro-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-6) production, HRV infection and host defense molecules (e.g., short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1, SPLUNC1) in primary human airway epithelial cells from young healthy non-smokers. Additionally, we examined the role of SPLUNC1 in lung defense against HRV infection using a SPLUNC1 knockout mouse model. We found that nicotine-free e-liquid promoted IL-6 production and HRV infection. Addition of nicotine into e-liquid further amplified the effects of nicotine-free e-liquid. Moreover, SPLUNC1 deficiency in mice significantly increased lung HRV loads. E-liquid inhibited SPLUNC1 expression in primary human airway epithelial cells. These findings strongly suggest the deleterious health effects of e-cigarettes in the airways of young people. Our data will guide future studies to evaluate the impact of e-cigarettes on lung health in human populations, and help inform the public about potential health risks of e-cigarettes.
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Chrysanthopoulou A, Mitroulis I, Apostolidou E, Arelaki S, Mikroulis D, Konstantinidis T, Sivridis E, Koffa M, Giatromanolaki A, Boumpas DT, Ritis K, Kambas K. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote differentiation and function of fibroblasts. J Pathol 2014; 233:294-307. [PMID: 24740698 DOI: 10.1002/path.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil activation by inflammatory stimuli and the release of extracellular chromatin structures (neutrophil extracellular traps - NETs) have been implicated in inflammatory disorders. Herein, we demonstrate that NETs released by neutrophils treated either with fibrosis-related agents, such as cigarette smoke, magnesium silicate, bleomycin, or with generic NET inducers, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, induced activation of lung fibroblasts (LFs) and differentiation into myofibroblast (MF) phenotype. Interestingly, the aforementioned agents or IL-17 (a primary initiator of inflammation/fibrosis) had no direct effect on LF activation and differentiation. MFs treated with NETs demonstrated increased connective tissue growth factor expression, collagen production, and proliferation/migration. These fibrotic effects were significantly decreased after degradation of NETs with DNase1, heparin or myeloperoxidase inhibitor, indicating the key role of NET-derived components in LF differentiation and function. Furthermore, IL-17 was expressed in NETs and promoted the fibrotic activity of differentiated LFs but not their differentiation, suggesting that priming by DNA and histones is essential for IL-17-driven fibrosis. Additionally, autophagy was identified as the orchestrator of NET formation, as shown by inhibition studies using bafilomycin A1 or wortmannin. The above findings were further supported by the detection of NETs in close proximity to alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing fibroblasts in biopsies from patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease or from skin scar tissue. Together, these data suggest that both autophagy and NETs are involved not only in inflammation but also in the ensuing fibrosis and thus may represent potential therapeutic targets in human fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Moua T, Zand L, Hartman RP, Hartman TE, Qin D, Peikert T, Qian Q. Radiologic and clinical bronchiectasis associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93674. [PMID: 24747723 PMCID: PMC3991584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystin 1 and 2, the protein abnormalities associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), are also found in airway cilia and smooth muscle cells. There is evidence of increased radiologic bronchiectasis associated with ADPKD, though the clinical and functional implications of this association are unknown. We hypothesized an increased prevalence of both radiologic and clinical bronchiectasis is associated with APDKD as compared to non-ADPKD chronic kidney disease (CKD) controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective case-control study was performed at our institution involving consecutive ADPKD and non-ADPKD chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients seen over a 13 year period with both chest CT and PFT. CTs were independently reviewed by two blinded thoracic radiologists. Manually collected clinical data included symptoms, smoker status, transplant history, and PFT findings. RESULTS Ninety-two ADPKD and 95 non-ADPKD CKD control patients were compared. Increased prevalence of radiologic bronchiectasis, predominantly mild lower lobe disease, was found in ADPKD patients compared to CKD control (19 vs. 9%, P = 0.032, OR 2.49 (CI 1.1-5.8)). After adjustment for covariates, ADPKD was associated with increased risk of radiologic bronchiectasis (OR 2.78 (CI 1.16-7.12)). Symptomatic bronchiectasis occurred in approximately a third of ADPKD patients with radiologic disease. Smoking was associated with increased radiologic bronchiectasis in ADPKD patients (OR 3.59, CI 1.23-12.1). CONCLUSIONS Radiological bronchiectasis is increased in patients with ADPKD particularly those with smoking history as compared to non-ADPKD CKD controls. A third of such patients have symptomatic disease. Bronchiectasis should be considered in the differential in ADPKD patients with respiratory symptoms and smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Moua
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ladan Zand
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Hartman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Hartman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dingxin Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tobias Peikert
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Qi Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Courville CA, Tidwell S, Liu B, Accurso FJ, Dransfield MT, Rowe SM. Acquired defects in CFTR-dependent β-adrenergic sweat secretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2014; 15:25. [PMID: 24568560 PMCID: PMC4015030 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with acquired systemic cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. Recently, sweat evaporimetry has been shown to efficiently measure β-adrenergic sweat rate and specifically quantify CFTR function in the secretory coil of the sweat gland. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence and severity of systemic CFTR dysfunction in smoking-related lung disease using sweat evaporimetry to determine CFTR-dependent sweat rate. METHODS We recruited a cohort of patients consisting of healthy never smokers (N = 18), healthy smokers (12), COPD smokers (25), and COPD former smokers (12) and measured β-adrenergic sweat secretion rate with evaporative water loss, sweat chloride, and clinical data (spirometry and symptom questionnaires). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS β-adrenergic sweat rate was reduced in COPD smokers (41.9 ± 3.4, P < 0.05, ± SEM) and COPD former smokers (39.0 ± 5.4, P < 0.05) compared to healthy controls (53.6 ± 3.4). Similarly, sweat chloride was significantly greater in COPD smokers (32.8 ± 3.3, P < 0.01) and COPD former smokers (37.8 ± 6.0, P < 0.01) vs. healthy controls (19.1 ± 2.5). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between β-adrenergic sweat rate and female gender (β = 0.26), age (-0.28), FEV1% (0.35), dyspnea (-0.3), and history of smoking (-0.27; each P < 0.05). Stepwise multivariate regression included gender (0.39) and COPD (-0.43) in the final model (R()2 = 0.266, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS β-adrenergic sweat rate was significantly reduced in COPD patients, regardless of smoking status, reflecting acquired CFTR dysfunction and abnormal gland secretion in the skin that can persist despite smoking cessation. β-adrenergic sweat rate and sweat chloride are associated with COPD severity and clinical symptoms, supporting the hypothesis that CFTR decrements have a causative role in COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Morton R, Eid N. From Childhood Asthma to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence Supporting a Disease Continuum. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2013; 26:168-174. [PMID: 35923041 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2013.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we analyze the available evidence showing a link between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many features (epidemiologic, physiologic, and histologic) overlap between these two conditions. Both environmental cigarette smoke exposure and early lung development are risk factors for the development of asthma and COPD. However, recent studies suggest that up to 25% of COPD cases were nonsmokers. Asthma during early childhood, independent of smoking history, may be an independent risk factor for the later development of COPD. One explanation for this phenomenon suggests that early small airway dysfunction (including chronic airway inflammation and airway remodeling) can lead to permanent impairment in lung physiology. Several reasons why control of airway inflammation is difficult in some patients are explored. Finally, we examine the available evidence suggesting overlapping histologic features in both asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nemr Eid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Jung KH, Haam KK, Park S, Kim Y, Lee SR, Lee G, Kim M, Hong M, Shin M, Jung S, Bae H. The standardized herbal formula, PM014, ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:219. [PMID: 24010767 PMCID: PMC3847199 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PM014 on cigarette smoke induced lung disease in the murine animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 2 weeks to induce COPD-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to cigarette smoke exposure, the treatment group was administered PM014 via an oral injection. To investigate the effects of PM014, we assessed PM014 functions in vivo, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathological changes in the lung. The efficacy of PM014 was compared with that of the recently developed anti-COPD drug, roflumilast. RESULTS PM014 substantially inhibited immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) into the airway. In addition, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in the BAL fluid of PM014-treated mice compared to cigarette smoke stimulated mice. These changes were more prominent than roflumilast treated mice. The expression of PAS-positive cells in the bronchial layer was also significantly reduced in both PM014 and roflumilast treated mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PM014 exerts strong therapeutic effects against CS induced, COPD-like lung inflammation. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Keun Haam
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ryel Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhyeog Lee
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Kim
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moochang Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungki Jung
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Bredberg A, Josefson M, Almstrand AC, Lausmaa J, Sjövall P, Levinsson A, Larsson P, Olin AC. Comparison of exhaled endogenous particles from smokers and non-smokers using multivariate analysis. Respiration 2013; 86:135-42. [PMID: 23816544 DOI: 10.1159/000350941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking, along with many respiratory diseases, has been shown to induce airway inflammation and alter the composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF). We have previously shown that the phospholipid and protein composition of particles in exhaled air (PEx) reflects that of RTLF. In this study, we hypothesized that the composition of PEx differs between smokers and non-smokers, reflecting inflammation in the airways. OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this study to identify differences in the phospholipid composition of PEx from smokers and non-smokers. METHODS PEx from 12 smokers and 13 non-smokers was collected using a system developed in-house. PEx was analysed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and the mass spectral data were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was used to relate smoking status, lung function and pack years to the chemical composition of RTLF. The discriminating ions identified by OPLS were then used as explanatory variables in traditional regression analysis. RESULTS There was a clear discrimination between smokers and non-smokers according to the chemical composition, where phospholipids from smokers were protonated and sodiated to a larger extent. Poor lung function showed a strong association with higher response from all molecular phosphatidylcholine species in the samples. Furthermore, the accumulated amount of tobacco consumed was associated with variations in mass spectra, indicating a dose-response relationship. CONCLUSION The chemical composition of PEx differs between smokers and non-smokers, reflecting differences in the RTLF. The results from this study may suggest that the composition of RTLF is affected by smoking and may be of importance for lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bredberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Yu H, Li Q, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM, Zhou X. Regulation of particulate matter-induced mucin secretion by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors. Inflammation 2013; 35:1851-9. [PMID: 22829138 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is a worldwide health problem. Previous studies have reported that PMs induced depolarizing currents and increased intracellular Ca(2+) in human bronchial epithelial cells. Ca(2+) plays important role in the regulation of mucus exocytosis, and mucin hypersecretion is a key pathological feature of inflammatory respiratory diseases. To explore more mechanisms underlying PM toxicity, we measured PM-induced mucin secretion in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. MUC5AC secretion and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level were detected by ELISA. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1 inward currents were examined by electrophysiology. Ca(2+) concentration was assessed by laser scanning confocal microscope. Exposure of PMs to 16HBE cells was found to induce mucin secretion, as a consequence of sustained Ca(2+) influx and cAMP increase through TRPV1 receptors. Mucin secretion was completely inhibited by TRPV1 receptor antagonist capsazepine. Removal of Ca(2+) by Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA or inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) by the PKA inhibitors H-89 each partially reduced PC(2)s-induced mucin secretion. The combination of BAPTA and H-89 completely prevented mucin secretion mediated by PMs. These results suggest that PM induces mucin secretion through Ca(2+) influx and cAMP/PKA pathway by TRPV1 receptors in human bronchial epithelial cells, thereby providing a potential mechanism to reduce PM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Abstract
Abstract
Postoperative pulmonary complications are responsible for significant increases in hospital cost as well as patient morbidity and mortality; respiratory muscle dysfunction represents a contributing factor. Upper airway dilator muscles functionally resist the upper airway collapsing forces created by the respiratory pump muscles. Standard perioperative medications (anesthetics, sedatives, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents), interventions (patient positioning, mechanical ventilation, and surgical trauma), and diseases (lung hyperinflation, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea) have differential effects on the respiratory muscle subgroups. These effects on the upper airway dilators and respiratory pump muscles impair their coordination and function and can result in respiratory failure. Perioperative management strategies can help decrease the incidence of postoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction. Such strategies include minimally invasive procedures rather than open surgery, early and optimal mobilizing of respiratory muscles while on mechanical ventilation, judicious use of respiratory depressant anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents, and noninvasive ventilation when possible.
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Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approach for quantification of mucins from sputum using 13C,15N-labeled peptides as internal standards. Anal Biochem 2013; 434:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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