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Zhang S, Zhang X, Wei C, Zhang L, Li Z. Causality Between 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Various Asthma Phenotypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:617-629. [PMID: 39526130 PMCID: PMC11546284 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s486676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the causal relationship between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins and Various asthma phenotypes by means of Mendelian randomization. Methods Genome-wide association Studies (GWAS) of 91 inflammatory proteins were pooled from the Olink Target platform with 14,824 participants. Various asthma phenotypes were derived from the FinnGen Biobank. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method for MR Analysis, supplemented by Mr-Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode. The MR-Egger intercept term test and Cochran's Q test were used to test the polymorphism and heterogeneity of IVs, and visual analysis was carried out to draw scatter plots, funnel plots, and leave-out-one plots. The FDR correction was performed due to the possibility of a type 1 error. Results Genetically predicted IVW results revealed a total of 30 data sets suggesting a potential causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and asthma phenotypes. Among them, 2 results were still strongly positive after FDR correction. The level of CST5 (OR=1.184; 95% CI: 1.075-1.305; P=0.0001; P-FDR=0.028) is associated with an increased risk of non-allergic asthma. LIF-R (OR=0.723; 95% CI: 0.620-0.842; P=0.000; P-FDR=0.003) is associated with a reduced risk of asthma in children. There was no pleiotropy or heterogeneity in the remaining 16 results that suggested a potential causal relationship. Conclusion Increased CST5 levels are associated with an increased risk of non-allergic asthma. LIF-R is associated with a reduced risk of asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Zhang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Wei
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Lee HJ, Stefan-Lifshitz M, Li CW, Tomer Y. Genetics and epigenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: Translational implications. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101661. [PMID: 35459628 PMCID: PMC9550878 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are prevalent autoimmune disorders, representing opposite ends of the clinical spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between environment and genes. Specific susceptibility genes have been discovered that predispose to AITD, including thyroid-specific and immune-regulatory genes. Growing evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic variants can alter autoantigen presentation during the development of immune tolerance, can enhance self-peptide binding to MHC (major histocompatibility complex), and can amplify stimulation of T- and B-cells. These gene-driven mechanistic discoveries lay the groundwork for novel treatment targets. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of key AITD susceptibility genes (Tg1, TSHR, HLA-DR3, and CD40) and their translational therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mihaela Stefan-Lifshitz
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cheuk Wun Li
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Alsheikh AJ, Wollenhaupt S, King EA, Reeb J, Ghosh S, Stolzenburg LR, Tamim S, Lazar J, Davis JW, Jacob HJ. The landscape of GWAS validation; systematic review identifying 309 validated non-coding variants across 130 human diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:74. [PMID: 35365203 PMCID: PMC8973751 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The remarkable growth of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has created a critical need to experimentally validate the disease-associated variants, 90% of which involve non-coding variants. Methods To determine how the field is addressing this urgent need, we performed a comprehensive literature review identifying 36,676 articles. These were reduced to 1454 articles through a set of filters using natural language processing and ontology-based text-mining. This was followed by manual curation and cross-referencing against the GWAS catalog, yielding a final set of 286 articles. Results We identified 309 experimentally validated non-coding GWAS variants, regulating 252 genes across 130 human disease traits. These variants covered a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, 70% (215/309) acted through cis-regulatory elements, with the remaining through promoters (22%, 70/309) or non-coding RNAs (8%, 24/309). Several validation approaches were utilized in these studies, including gene expression (n = 272), transcription factor binding (n = 175), reporter assays (n = 171), in vivo models (n = 104), genome editing (n = 96) and chromatin interaction (n = 33). Conclusions This review of the literature is the first to systematically evaluate the status and the landscape of experimentation being used to validate non-coding GWAS-identified variants. Our results clearly underscore the multifaceted approach needed for experimental validation, have practical implications on variant prioritization and considerations of target gene nomination. While the field has a long way to go to validate the thousands of GWAS associations, we show that progress is being made and provide exemplars of validation studies covering a wide variety of mechanisms, target genes, and disease areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar J Alsheikh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA.
| | - Sabrina Wollenhaupt
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Emily A King
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jonas Reeb
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sujana Ghosh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | | | - Saleh Tamim
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - J Wade Davis
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
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Lim CK, Bronson PG, Varade J, Behrens TW, Hammarström L. STXBP6 and B3GNT6 Genes are Associated With Selective IgA Deficiency. Front Genet 2022; 12:736235. [PMID: 34976003 PMCID: PMC8718598 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.736235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (IgAD) is a polygenic primary immune deficiency, with a strong genetic association to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified five non-HLA risk loci (IFIH1, PVT1, ATG13-AMBRA1, AHI1 and CLEC16A). In this study, we investigated the genetic interactions between different HLA susceptibility haplotypes and non-MHC genes in IgAD. To do this, we stratified IgAD subjects and healthy controls based on HLA haplotypes (N = 10,993), and then performed GWAS to identify novel genetic regions contributing to IgAD susceptibility. After replicating previously published HLA risk haplotypes, we compared individuals carrying at least one HLA risk allele (HLA-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:02 or HLA-DRB1*01-DQB1*05:01) with individuals lacking an HLA risk allele. Subsequently, we stratified subjects based on the susceptibility alleles/haplotypes and performed gene-based association analysis using 572,856 SNPs and 24,125 genes. A significant genome-wide association in STXBP6 (rs4097492; p = 7.63 × 10-9) was observed in the cohort carrying at least one MHC risk allele. We also identified a significant gene-based association for B3GNT6 (P Gene = 2.1 × 10-6) in patients not carrying known HLA susceptibility alleles. Our findings indicate that the etiology of IgAD differs depending on the genetic background of HLA susceptibility haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Kang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department Clinical Translation Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paola G Bronson
- RED OMNI Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jezabel Varade
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) Singular Research Center, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Kailashiya J, Kailashiya V, Singh U. CTLA4 gene polymorphism and its association with disease occurrence, clinical manifestations, serum markers and cytokine levels in SLE patients from North India. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:311. [DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_82_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Saadi F, Chakravarty D, Kumar S, Kamble M, Saha B, Shindler KS, Das Sarma J. CD40L protects against mouse hepatitis virus-induced neuroinflammatory demyelination. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010059. [PMID: 34898656 PMCID: PMC8699621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59/RSA59) infection in mice induces acute neuroinflammation due to direct neural cell dystrophy, which proceeds with demyelination with or without axonal loss, the pathological hallmarks of human neurological disease, Multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies in the RSA59-induced neuroinflammation model of MS showed a protective role of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells compared to their pathogenic role in the autoimmune model. The current study further investigated the molecular nexus between CD4+ T cell-expressed CD40Ligand and microglia/macrophage-expressed CD40 using CD40L-/- mice. Results demonstrate CD40L expression in the CNS is modulated upon RSA59 infection. We show evidence that CD40L-/- mice are more susceptible to RSA59 induced disease due to reduced microglia/macrophage activation and significantly dampened effector CD4+ T recruitment to the CNS on day 10 p.i. Additionally, CD40L-/- mice exhibited severe demyelination mediated by phagocytic microglia/macrophages, axonal loss, and persistent poliomyelitis during chronic infection, indicating CD40-CD40L as host-protective against RSA59-induced demyelination. This suggests a novel target in designing prophylaxis for virus-induced demyelination and axonal degeneration, in contrast to immunosuppression which holds only for autoimmune mechanisms of inflammatory demyelination. MS is primarily considered an autoimmune CNS disease, but its potential viral etiology cannot be ignored. Myelin-specific CD40L+CD4+ T cells migration into the CNS and resultant neuroinflammation is considered pathogenic in autoimmune MS. In contrast, CD40L+CD4+ T infiltration into the MHV-induced inflamed CNS and their interaction with CD40+ microglia/macrophages are shown to be protective in our study. Considering differential etiology but comparable demyelination and axonal loss, immunosuppressive treatments may not necessarily ameliorate MS in all patients. MHV-induced demyelination in this study indicates that the interaction between CD40L on CD4+T cells and CD40 on microglia/macrophage plays an important protective role against MHV-induced chronic progressive demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Saadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Debanjana Chakravarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Mithila Kamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Kenneth S. Shindler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and
- Neurology University of Pennsylvania Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
- Departments of Ophthalmology and
- * E-mail:
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7
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The Role of CD40 in Allergic Rhinitis and Airway Remodelling. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6694109. [PMID: 33976586 PMCID: PMC8087476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6694109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects millions of people and is lack of effective treatment. CD40 is an important costimulatory molecule in immunity. However, few studies have focused on the role of CD40 in AR. Methods In this study, we built mouse model of chronic AR. The mice were divided into the AR, control, intravenous CD40 siRNA, and nasal CD40 siRNA groups (n = 6 each). We detected OVA-sIgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β levels in serum and supernatant by ELISA, CD40+ splenic DCs, and Foxp3+ Tregs by flow cytometry and CD40 mRNA by RT2-PCR. We also used PAS and MT stains to assess tissue remodelling. Results (1) The OVA-sIgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in the serum or supernatant of nasal septal membrane of AR mice were significantly higher than control. After treated with CD40 siRNA, those indicators were significantly decreased. The IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β levels in AR mice were significantly lower than that in control and were increased by administration of CD40 siRNA. (2) AR mice had significantly fewer Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen than control mice. After treated with CD40 siRNA, AR mice had significantly more Foxp3+ Tregs. (3) AR mice exhibited a significantly higher CD40 mRNA levels than control. Administration of CD40 siRNA significantly reduced the CD40 mRNA level. (4) The AR mice showed significantly greater collagen deposition than the control in MT staining. Applications of CD40 siRNA significantly reduced the collagen deposition in AR mice. Conclusion CD40 siRNA therapy shows promise for chronic AR as it significantly attenuated allergic symptoms and Th2-related inflammation and upregulated Foxp3+ Tregs. CD40 plays a role in tissue remodelling in AR, which can be inhibited by CD40 siRNA application.
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Jiang C, Trudeau SJ, Cheong TC, Guo R, Teng M, Wang LW, Wang Z, Pighi C, Gautier-Courteille C, Ma Y, Jiang S, Wang C, Zhao B, Paillard L, Doench JG, Chiarle R, Gewurz BE. CRISPR/Cas9 Screens Reveal Multiple Layers of B cell CD40 Regulation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1307-1322.e8. [PMID: 31365872 PMCID: PMC6684324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40 has major roles in B cell development, activation, and germinal center responses. CD40 hypoactivity causes immunodeficiency whereas its overexpression causes autoimmunity and lymphomagenesis. To systematically identify B cell autonomous CD40 regulators, we use CRISPR/Cas9 genome-scale screens in Daudi B cells stimulated by multimeric CD40 ligand. These highlight known CD40 pathway components and reveal multiple additional mechanisms regulating CD40. The nuclear ubiquitin ligase FBXO11 supports CD40 expression by targeting repressors CTBP1 and BCL6. FBXO11 knockout decreases primary B cell CD40 abundance and impairs class-switch recombination, suggesting that frequent lymphoma monoallelic FBXO11 mutations may balance BCL6 increase with CD40 loss. At the mRNA level, CELF1 controls exon splicing critical for CD40 activity, while the N6-adenosine methyltransferase WTAP negatively regulates CD40 mRNA abundance. At the protein level, ESCRT negatively regulates activated CD40 levels while the negative feedback phosphatase DUSP10 limits downstream MAPK responses. These results serve as a resource for future studies and highlight potential therapeutic targets. CD40 is critical for B cell development, germinal center formation, somatic hypermutation, and class-switch recombination. Increased CD40 abundance is associated with autoimmunity and cancer, whereas CD40 hypoactivity causes immunodeficiency. Jiang et al. performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to reveal key B cell factors that control CD40 abundance and that regulate CD40 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Trudeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Liang Wei Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carole Gautier-Courteille
- Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Yijie Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luc Paillard
- Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Kailashiya V, Sharma HB, Kailashiya J. Role of CTLA4 A49G polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus and its geographical distribution. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:659-662. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4) or CD152 is an inhibitory receptor expressed constitutively on CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory lymphocytes and transiently on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Its inhibitory function promotes long-lived anergy in immune cells and prevents autoimmunity. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in T cell-mediated autoimmunity, and thus in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is encoded by CTLA4 gene in humans. AtoG polymorphism at position +49 of CTLA4 gene is the only polymorphism which changes amino acid sequence from alanine to threonine in the leader sequence, which may affect the function of CTLA-4. Association of CTLA4 polymorphisms with SLE has been investigated in several reports in different ethnic populations from different countries, which have shown highly inconsistent findings. In this review, we have compiled previous studies which have reported the association of CTLA4 A49G polymorphism in SLE and its geographical distribution.
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Shukla SK, Singh G, Ahmad S, Pant P. Infections, genetic and environmental factors in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:279-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Li T, Liu F, Zhang L, Ye Q, Fan X, Xue Y, Wang L. Host genetic factors in predicting response status in chronic hepatitis B patients discontinuing nucleos(t)ide analogs. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:30-36. [PMID: 29451182 PMCID: PMC5848322 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_228_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The optimal duration of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients remains unsatisfactory. Previous studies have confirmed the important role of host genetic factors in determining the outcome of HBV infection. This study tries to determine the role of host genetic factors in predicting response status in CHB patients discontinuing NAs according to stringent cessation criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participating patients came from a prospective NAs- discontinuation cohort since June 1999. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected according to previous report. SNaPshot assay was used for DNA SNPs analyses. RESULTS Seventy-six CHB patients were enrolled in our study, of which 61 patients were HBeAg-positive and 15 patients were HBeAg-negative. rs1883832 in the Kozak sequence of CD40 displayed an AUROC of 0.778 in predicting response status in CHB patients with HBeAg seroconversion and a genotype of CT was associated with sustained response in this subpopulation. The diagnostic performance of combinative index (rs1883832, age, and HBsAg at discontinuation) seemed to be better than that of rs1883832, but no statistical difference was observed. rs1883832 was also evaluated as an independent factor for response status by multivariate logistic regression. For HBeAg-negative CHB patients, rs9277535 at HLA-DP presents a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.582 (P = 0.023) with virological relapse after discontinuation of NAs. CONCLUSIONS rs1883832 serves as a valuable predictive factor for CHB patients with HBeAg seroconversion. rs9277535 at HLA-DP might also be a valuable predictive factor for CHB patients with HBeAg-negative, however, further verifications are recommended due to study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Hepatopathy, Qingdao Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China,Address for correspondence: Prof. Lei Wang, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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Association between CD40 rs1883832 and immune-related diseases susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102235-102243. [PMID: 29254239 PMCID: PMC5731949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective It has been reported that CD40 rs1883832 might be associated with immune-related diseases susceptibility. Owing to mixed and inconclusive results, we conducted a meta-analysis of case–control studies to summarize and clarify this association. Methods/main results A systematic search of studies on the association between CD40 rs1883832 and immune-related diseases susceptibility was conducted in databases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to pool the effect size. 40 articles were included in our meta-analysis. Conclusions CD40 rs1883832 is associated with decreased risk of Graves’ disease, especially in Asian; CD40 rs1883832 is associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis; CD40 -1C>T (rs1883832) is not associated with the susceptibility of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, systemic sclerosis or Asthma; there is insufficient data to fully confirm the association between CD40 rs1883832 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Behçet's disease (BD), myasthenia gravis (MG), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), Sarcoidosis, Fuch uveitis syndrome (FUS), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH), Kawasaki disease (KD), giant cell arteritis (GCA) or Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
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Gene-gene interaction between CD40 and CD226 gene on systemic lupus erythematosus in the Chinese Han population. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36:1657-1662. [PMID: 27722794 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of CD40 and CD226 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and additional gene-gene interaction on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk in Chinese Han populations. Three SNPs were selected for genotyping in the case-control study: rs4810485, rs763361, and rs3765456. Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between SNP within CD40 and CD226 and SLE. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the interaction among three SNPs. Logistic regression analysis showed that SLE risk was significantly higher in carriers of T allele of rs4810485 in CD40 gene than those with GG genotype (GT+ TT vs GG), adjusted OR (95 % CI) 1.84 (1.40-2.29). In addition, we also found SLE risk was also significantly higher in carriers of rs763361 T allele within CD226 gene than those with CC genotype (CT+ TT vs CC), adjusted OR (95 % CI) 1.89 (1.38-2.13). GMDR analysis suggested a potential gene-gene interaction between rs4810485 and rs763361. Overall, cross-validation consistency of the two-locus model was 10/10, and the testing accuracy was 62.17 %. We also found that subjects with GT or TT of rs4810485 and CT or TT of rs763361 genotype have the highest SLE risk, compared with subjects with GG of rs4810485 and CC of rs763361 genotype, and OR (95 % CI) was 2.14 (1.67-3.08), after covariates adjustment. Our results support an important association of rs4810485 in CD40 gene and rs763361 in CD226 gene polymorphism, combined effect of rs4810485 and rs763361 with increased risk of SLE.
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14
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B-cell signaling in persistent polyclonal B lymphocytosis (PPBL). Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:830-837. [PMID: 27126628 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Persistent polyclonal B lymphocytosis (PPBL) is a benign hematological disorder characterized by a selective expansion of circulating polyclonal marginal zone (MZ)-like B cells. Previous reports demonstrated that cases of PPBL showed poor activation, proliferation and survival of B cells in vitro, yet the underlying defect remains unknown. Here we report for the first time an attenuated activation of the canonical NF-κB (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway after CD40 stimulation. This defect was selective, as alternative NF-κB signaling after CD40 stimulation and both B-cell receptor- and Toll-like receptor 9-mediated activation remained unaffected. Reduced canonical NF-κB activation resulted in decreased IκBα and CD40 expression in resting cells. In PPBL patients, expression of Bcl-xL in MZ-like B cells did not increase upon activation, consistent with the high apoptosis rates of PPBL-derived B cells that were observed in vitro. The B-cell phenotype of mice with selective knockouts of early components of the CD40 signaling pathway resembles PPBL, but sequencing corresponding genes in sorted MZ-like B cells of PPBL patients did not reveal relevant genetic alterations. Nevertheless, the frequently observed mutations in early signaling components of the NF-κB pathway in MZ lymphomas underline the relevance of our findings for the pathogenesis of PPBL.
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Association of CD40 polymorphisms and haplotype with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:45-52. [PMID: 26289938 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease that is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Current evidence shows that the CD40-CD40L system plays a crucial role in the development, progression and outcome of SLE. CD40, which stimulates lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, is an important immunomodulator and is expressed in the thyroid follicular cells as well as antigen-presenting cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CD40 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to SLE and its impact on CD40 expression in Chinese. We analyzed four single nucleotide polymorphisms of CD40 gene rs1883832C/T, rs13040307C/T, rs752118C/T, and rs3765459G/A in 205 patients with SLE and 220 age- and sex-matched controls, using Snapshot SNP genotyping assays and DNA sequencing method. Soluble CD40 (sCD40) levels were measured by ELISA. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of CD40 gene rs1883832 C/T polymorphism between the group of patients with SLE and the control group (P < 0.05). sCD40 levels were increased in patients with SLE compared with controls (P < 0.01). Moreover, genotypes carrying the CD40 rs1883832 T variant allele were associated with increased CD40 levels compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype in patients with SLE. The rs1883832 C/T polymorphism of CD40 and its sCD40 levels were associated with SLE in the Chinese population. These data suggest that CD40 gene may play an essential role in the development of SLE.
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Lee HJ, Li CW, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y. Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:82-90. [PMID: 26235382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both environmental and genetic triggers factor into the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Although the exact pathogenesis and causative interaction between environment and genes are unknown, GD and HT share similar immune-mediated mechanisms of disease. They both are characterized by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and by thyroidal lymphocytic infiltration, despite being clinically distinct entities with thyrotoxicosis in GD and hypothyroidism in HT. Family and population studies confirm the strong genetic influence and inheritability in the development of AITD. AITD susceptibility genes can be categorized as either thyroid specific (Tg, TSHR) or immune-modulating (FOXP3, CD25, CD40, CTLA-4, HLA), with HLA-DR3 carrying the highest risk. Of the AITD susceptibility genes, FOXP3 and CD25 play critical roles in the establishment of peripheral tolerance while CD40, CTLA-4, and the HLA genes are pivotal for T lymphocyte activation and antigen presentation. Polymorphisms in these immune-modulating genes, in particular, significantly contribute to the predisposition for GD, HT and, unsurprisingly, other autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the immunoregulatory genes may functionally hinder the proper development of central and peripheral tolerance and alter T cell interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the immunological synapse. Thus, susceptibility genes for AITD contribute directly to the key mechanism underlying the development of organ-specific autoimmunity, namely the breakdown in self-tolerance. Here we review the major immune-modulating genes that are associated with AITD and their potential functional effects on thyroidal immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Wun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Salehi Hammerstad
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihaela Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Bronx VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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17
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Jiang DK, Ma XP, Yu H, Cao G, Ding DL, Chen H, Huang HX, Gao YZ, Wu XP, Long XD, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chen TY, Ren WH, Zhang P, Shi Z, Jiang W, Wan B, Saiyin H, Yin J, Zhou YF, Zhai Y, Lu PX, Zhang H, Gu X, Tan A, Wang JB, Zuo XB, Sun LD, Liu JO, Yi Q, Mo Z, Zhou G, Liu Y, Sun J, Shugart YY, Zheng SL, Zhang XJ, Xu J, Yu L. Genetic variants in five novel loci including CFB and CD40 predispose to chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2015; 62:118-128. [PMID: 25802187 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus affects more than 2 billion people worldwide, 350 million of which have developed chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The genetic factors that confer CHB risk are still largely unknown. We sought to identify genetic variants for CHB susceptibility in the Chinese population. We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2,514 CHB cases and 1,130 normal controls from eastern China. We replicated 33 of the most promising signals and eight previously reported CHB risk loci through a two-stage validation totaling 6,600 CHB cases and 8,127 controls in four independent populations, of which two populations were recruited from eastern China, one from northern China and one from southern China. The joint analyses of 9,114 CHB cases and 9,257 controls revealed significant association of CHB risk with five novel loci. Four loci are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region at 6p21.3, including two nonsynonymous variants (rs12614 [R32W] in complement factor B [CFB], Pmeta =1.28 × 10(-34) ; and rs422951 [T320A] in NOTCH4, Pmeta = 5.33 × 10(-16) ); one synonymous variant (rs378352 in HLA-DOA corresponding to HLA-DOA*010101, Pmeta = 1.04 × 10(-23) ); and one noncoding variant (rs2853953 near HLA-C, Pmeta = 5.06 × 10(-20) ). Another locus is located at 20q13.1 (rs1883832 in the Kozak sequence of CD40, Pmeta = 2.95 × 10(-15) ). Additionally, we validated seven of eight previously reported CHB susceptibility loci (rs3130542 at HLA-C, rs1419881 at TCF19, rs652888 at EHMT2, rs2856718 at HLA-DQB1, rs7453920 at HLA-DQB2, rs3077 at HLA-DPA1, and rs9277535 at HLA-DPA2, which are all located in the HLA region, 9.84 × 10(-71) ≤ Pmeta ≤ 9.92 × 10(-7) ). CONCLUSION Our GWAS identified five novel susceptibility loci for CHB. These findings improve the understanding of CHB etiology and may provide new targets for prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Xiao-Pin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, College of life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Wu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Dai Long
- Department of Pathology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youjie Zhang
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tao-Yang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong, China
| | - Wei-Hua Ren
- Luoyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Pengyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Xin Lu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Bing Wang
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong, China
| | - Xian-Bo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Division of Cancer Medicine, and the Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Unit on Statistical Genomics, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Genetic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Tian J, Zhu T, Liu J, Guo Z, Cao X. Platelets promote allergic asthma through the expression of CD154. Cell Mol Immunol 2014. [PMID: 25418472 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.111.[epubaheadofprint]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation is associated with multiple immune responses and the pathogenesis of various immune-related diseases. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of platelets in the progression of allergic asthma remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that during antigen sensitization, platelets can be activated by ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol via the upregulation of CD154 (CD40L) expression. Platelet transfer promoted allergic asthma progression by inducing more severe leukocyte infiltration and lung inflammation, elevated IgE production and strengthened T helper 2 (Th2) responses in asthma-induced mice. Accordingly, platelet depletion compromised allergic asthma progression. Cd154-deficient platelets failed to promote asthma development, indicating the requirement of CD154 for platelets to promote asthma progression. The mechanistic study showed that platelets inhibited the induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells both in vivo and in vitro at least partially through CD154, providing an explanation for the increase of Th2 responses by platelet transfer. Our study reveals the previously unknown role of platelet CD154 in the promotion of asthma progression by polarizing Th2 responses and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation and thus provides a potential clue for allergic disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Department of Respiration, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Platelets promote allergic asthma through the expression of CD154. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:700-7. [PMID: 25418472 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation is associated with multiple immune responses and the pathogenesis of various immune-related diseases. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of platelets in the progression of allergic asthma remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that during antigen sensitization, platelets can be activated by ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol via the upregulation of CD154 (CD40L) expression. Platelet transfer promoted allergic asthma progression by inducing more severe leukocyte infiltration and lung inflammation, elevated IgE production and strengthened T helper 2 (Th2) responses in asthma-induced mice. Accordingly, platelet depletion compromised allergic asthma progression. Cd154-deficient platelets failed to promote asthma development, indicating the requirement of CD154 for platelets to promote asthma progression. The mechanistic study showed that platelets inhibited the induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells both in vivo and in vitro at least partially through CD154, providing an explanation for the increase of Th2 responses by platelet transfer. Our study reveals the previously unknown role of platelet CD154 in the promotion of asthma progression by polarizing Th2 responses and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation and thus provides a potential clue for allergic disease interventions.
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20
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue is considered a key element for induction of insulin resistance in obesity. CD40 is required for efficient systemic adaptive immune responses and is implicated in various inflammatory conditions. However, its role in modulating immunity in the microanatomical niches of adipose tissue remains largely undefined. Here, we show that, in contrast to its well-documented costimulatory effects, CD40 regulates development of insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model by ameliorating local inflammation in adipose tissues. CD40 deficiency (CD40KO) resulted in greater body weight gain, more severe inflammation in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT), and aggravated insulin resistance in response to DIO. Interestingly, we found that CD40KO CD8(+) T lymphocytes were major contributors to exacerbated insulin resistance. Specifically, CD8(+) T cells in EAT of DIO CD40KO mice produced elevated chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines and were critical for macrophage recruitment. These results indicate that CD40 plays distinct roles in different tissues and, unexpectedly, plays an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis in EAT. Further study of how CD40 promotes maintenance of healthy metabolism could contribute to better understanding of and ability to therapeutically manipulate the increasing health problem of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoan Yi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Laura L Stunz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IADepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IAGraduate Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IAVA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
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21
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Park SK, Park CS, Lee HS, Park KS, Park BL, Cheong HS, Shin HD. Functional polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene associated with risk of tuberculosis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:40. [PMID: 24690209 PMCID: PMC3975138 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The well-known genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B(His47Arg) and ALDH2(Glu487Lys) have dramatic effects on the rate of metabolizing alcohol and acetaldehyde. We investigated possible involvement of these functional polymorphisms in other common complex-trait diseases. Methods The genetic effects of these two polymorphisms on hepatitis, asthma, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and tuberculosis (TB) were examined in a Korean population. Results We demonstrated that the well-known functional polymorphism of a primary alcohol-metabolizing enzyme (ALDH2 Glu487Lys) has a strong genetic association with the risk of TB. The frequency of the minor allele (ALDH2*487Lys) was found to be much lower in TB patients (freq. = 0.099/n = 477) than among controls (freq. = 0.162/n = 796) (P = 0.00001, OR (95% confidential interval) = 0.57 (0.45-0.74)). Our data may indicate that TB was once an endemic disease, which exerted selection pressure for higher frequencies of ALDH2*487Lys in Asian populations. In addition, the calculated attributable fraction (AF) indicates that 39.5% of TB patients can attribute their disease to the detrimental effects of ALDH2Glu487Glu. Conclusion Our results suggest that this polymorphism is one of the genetic components of TB, at least in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc,, 1 Shinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Tomer Y. Mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases: from genetics to epigenetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2014; 9:147-56. [PMID: 24460189 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of genetic-epigenetic interactions have unraveled new mechanisms underlying the etiology of complex autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are highly prevalent, affecting 1% to 5% of the population. The major AITDs include Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); although these diseases contrast clinically, their pathogenesis involves shared immunogenetic mechanisms. Genetic data point to the involvement of both shared and unique genes. Among the shared susceptibility genes, HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 (human leukocyte antigen DR containing an arginine at position β74) confers the strongest risk. Recent genome-wide analyses have revealed new putative candidate genes. Epigenetic modulation is emerging as a major mechanism by which environmental factors interact with AITD susceptibility genes. Dissecting the genetic-epigenetic interactions underlying the pathogenesis of AITD is essential to uncover new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Tomer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029;
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23
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Single nucleotide polymorphism of CD40 in the 5'-untranslated region is associated with ischemic stroke. Gene 2013; 529:257-61. [PMID: 23954880 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The CD40/CD40L system is related to proinflammatory and prothrombogenic responses, which are involved in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate association between the CD40 -1C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study including 286 ischemic stroke patients and 336 controls. CD40 -1C/T SNP was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods, and evaluated its relevance to ischemic stroke susceptibility. RESULTS Significantly increased ischemic stroke risk was found to be associated with the T allele of CD40 -1C/T (OR=1.273, 95% CI=1.016-1.594). The frequencies of CT and TT/CT genotypes of CD40 -1C/T in ischemic stroke patients were significantly higher than those of controls, respectively (for CT: OR=2.350, 95% CI=1.601-3.449; for TT/CT: OR=2.148, 95% CI=1.479-3.119). And, similar results were obtained after adjusting non-matched variables. We found that the frequency of carried T genotypes (TT and TT/CT) was significantly increased in patients with history of stroke compared with patients without (for TT: OR=6.538, 95%CI=1.655-25.833; for TT/CT: OR=3.469, 95%CI=1.031-11.670), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that the CD40 -1C/T polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Chinese population, and might be associated with history of previous stroke.
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Tang MJ, Zhou ZB. Association of the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese Han population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2627-31. [PMID: 23264071 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an important molecule in the regulation of T cells, so the CTLA-4 gene has been considered as a strong candidate associated with T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CTLA-4 has many variants and polymorphic forms, among which the +49A/G polymorphism, causing a non-synonymous substitution, has been studied most. However, previous studies of the association between the +49A/G polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene and RA have provided conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship of the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and the risk of RA in Chinese Han population. TaqMan assay was used to genotype the +49A/G polymorphism in 1,489 RA patients and 1,200 healthy controls. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of all studies relating this polymorphism in Chinese population to the risk of RA was performed. The genotype and allele frequencies of the CTLA-4 +49A/G in patients with RA differed significantly from those of controls (P = 0.03 and P = 0.007, respectively). The meta-analysis also revealed that the CTLA-4 +49G allele was associated with an increased risk of RA in Chinese population. Our results suggested that the CTLA-4 gene might contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, and the +49A/G polymorphism of this gene was a risk factor associated with increased RA susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Tang
- Orthopaedics Department, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
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Joo YB, Park BL, Shin HD, Park SY, Kim I, Bae SC. Association of genetic polymorphisms in CD40 with susceptibility to SLE in the Korean population. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 52:623-30. [PMID: 23256180 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association of CD40 polymorphisms with the risk of SLE in the Korean population. METHODS A total of 601 Korean SLE patients and 984 healthy controls were enrolled. We selected seven CD40 gene SNPs based on previous results of CD40 gene sequencing in the Korean population. Statistical analysis was carried out by logistic regression, controlling for age and sex as covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) and P-values in co-dominant, dominant and recessive models were also calculated. RESULTS SNP rs3765456 showed significant association with risk of SLE (OR = 1.34, P = 0.007, Pcorr = 0.03) in the dominant model. SNPs rs1883832 and rs4810485, and haplotype 2 (GTTCTAA) were also associated with the risk of SLE in the dominant model, but statistical significance disappeared after correction for multiple testing. Haplotype 2 had a protective effect on LN (OR = 0.47, P = 0.01, Pcorr = 0.05) in the recessive model while rs73115010, rs6074028 and haplotype 3 (ACGTCGG) resulted in increased risk of arthritis in the recessive model (OR = 2.87, 2.76 and 2.46, P = 0.002, 0.004 and 0.01, Pcorr = 0.009, 0.02 and 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION CD40 gene polymorphisms are possible risk factors for SLE development, especially rs3765456 in the dominant model. CD40 polymorphisms are also associated with SLE clinical manifestation, mainly nephritis and arthritis. Further replication with larger numbers, and populations of different ethnicities, are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Joo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huber AK, Finkelman FD, Li CW, Concepcion E, Smith E, Jacobson E, Latif R, Keddache M, Zhang W, Tomer Y. Genetically driven target tissue overexpression of CD40: a novel mechanism in autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3043-53. [PMID: 22888137 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The CD40 gene, an important immune regulatory gene, is also expressed and functional on nonmyeloid-derived cells, many of which are targets for tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including β cells in type 1 diabetes, intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn's disease, and thyroid follicular cells in Graves' disease (GD). Whether target tissue CD40 expression plays a role in autoimmune disease etiology has yet to be determined. In this study, we show that target tissue overexpression of CD40 plays a key role in the etiology of autoimmunity. Using a murine model of GD, we demonstrated that thyroidal CD40 overexpression augmented the production of thyroid-specific Abs, resulting in more severe experimental autoimmune GD (EAGD), whereas deletion of thyroidal CD40 suppressed disease. Using transcriptome and immune-pathway analyses, we showed that in both EAGD mouse thyroids and human primary thyrocytes, CD40 mediates this effect by activating downstream cytokines and chemokines, most notably IL-6. To translate these findings into therapy, we blocked IL-6 during EAGD induction in the setting of thyroidal CD40 overexpression and showed decreased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-stimulating Abs and frequency of disease. We conclude that target tissue overexpression of CD40 plays a key role in the etiology of organ-specific autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Huber
- Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Kim JH, Park BL, Cheong HS, Pasaje CFA, Bae JS, Park JS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Kim MK, Choi IS, Choi BW, Park CS, Shin HD. HLA-DRA polymorphisms associated with risk of nasal polyposis in asthmatic patients. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 26:12-7. [PMID: 22391069 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyps, part of the aspirin triad symptoms, are edematous protrusions arising from the mucosa of the nasal sinuses. Although the causative factors and pathogenesis of the polyps are unknown, the significant effect of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in nasal polyps and genetic associations of the major histocompatibility complex class II, DR alpha (HLA-DRA) with immune-mediated diseases have been revealed. METHODS To investigate the associations of HLA-DRA polymorphisms with nasal polyposis in asthmatic patients and in aspirin-hypersensitive subgroups, 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in a total of 467 asthmatic patients including 158 nasal polyp-positive and 309 polyp-negative subjects. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that four SNPs (p = 0.0005-0.02; Pcorr = 0.009-0.033) and one haplotype (p = 0.002; Pcorr = 0.029) were significantly associated with the presence of nasal polyposis in asthmatic patients. In further analysis, although significant signals disappeared after corrections for multiple testing, two HLA-DRA polymorphisms (rs9268644C>A, rs3129878A>C) were found to be potential markers for nasal polyp development in aspirin-tolerant asthma (p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively) compared with the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (p > 0.05) subgroup. In silico analysis predicted major "C" allele of rs14004C>A in 5'-untranslated region as a potential binding site for regulatory glucocorticoid receptor. In addition, sequence nearby rs1051336G>A is suspected to be a pyrimidine-rich element that affects mRNA stability. CONCLUSION Despite the need for replication in larger cohorts and/or functional evaluations, our findings suggest that HLA-DRA polymorphisms might contribute to nasal polyposis susceptibility in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li M, Sun H, Liu S, Yu J, Li Q, Liu P, Shen H, Sun D. CD40 C/T-1 polymorphism plays different roles in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2012; 59:1041-50. [PMID: 22863718 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 plays a pathogenic role in various autoimmune diseases. However, studies investigating the association between CD40 C/T-1 polymorphism and autoimmune thyroid diseases risk have reported conflicting results and their relative population effect remains unclear; therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted. The data for this meta-analysis included 14 (4214 cases and 3851 controls) and 4 studies (623 cases and 774 controls) for the association of the CD40 C/T-1 polymorphism with Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), respectively. Results suggested significant association for CD40 C/T-1 polymorphism (odds ratio 1.267 per C allele, p = 0.000) with GD but without HT. The individuals who carried the C/C or C/T genotype have significantly increased GD risk compared with those who carried T/T genotype (C/C vs. T/T: OR = 1.596, 95% CI, 1.256~2.028; C/T vs. T/T: OR = 1.210, 95% CI, 1.032~1.419; dominant model: OR = 1.366, 95% CI, 1.175~1.587; recessive model: OR = 1.322, 95% CI, 1.147~1.523), while no association was observed in HT. When stratified by ethnicity, the significant association between polymorphism and GD risk of Caucasians was found only in recessive models; but that of Asians was found in all models. In the subgroup analysis of study design, we found thyroid antibody status should be ascertained in controls and euthyroidism subjects with higher levels of thyroid antibody should be excluded from control and included into HT to avoid bias. Our meta-analysis showed that CD40 C/T-1 polymorphism plays different roles in GD and HT. Further studies will be needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Lee SH, Park JS, Park CS. The search for genetic variants and epigenetics related to asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:236-44. [PMID: 21966603 PMCID: PMC3178821 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.4.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, a huge number of genetic studies have been conducted to identify the genetic variants responsible for asthma risk. Several types of genetic and genomic approaches, including linkage analysis, candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphism studies, and whole genome-wide association studies have been applied. In this review article, the results of these approaches are summarized, and their limitations are discussed. Additionally, perspectives for applying upcoming new epigenetic or genomic technologies, such as copy number variation, are introduced to increase our understanding of new omic approaches to asthma genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwa Lee
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Nieters A, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Becker N, Maynadié M, Benavente Y, Foretova L, Cocco P, Staines A, Holly EA, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Skibola CF. A functional TNFRSF5 polymorphism and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a pooled analysis. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1481-5. [PMID: 20473910 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between CD40 and its ligand, CD154, has a key function in immune regulation. Recent experimental data support a role of deregulated CD40 signalling in lymphomagenesis. Data from earlier studies that are part of this pooling study implicate a functional polymorphism (-1C>T, rs1883832) in the TNFRSF5 gene encoding CD40 in the etiology of follicular lymphoma. Here, the association of this variant with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk was replicated in a European multicenter study of 855 NHL cases and 1,206 controls. In the combined analysis of 2,617 cases and 3,605 controls, carrying the TT genotype was associated with an increased risk for all NHL (OR = 1.4; p for linear trend = 0.00009), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR = 1.6; p for linear trend = 0.002) and follicular lymphoma (OR = 1.6; p for linear trend = 0.001). These data suggest a possible role of this functional polymorphism in lymphomas originating within the germinal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nieters
- Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key mediator of anti-parasitic and anti-tumour immunity. However it is also a critical component of atopic and autoimmune diseases, and elevated serum IgE levels are a common indicator of immune dysregulation. In this review we survey the literature on genetic associations of elevated IgE in humans and mice. We find that defects in a limited number of pathways explain the majority of gene associations with IgE. Commonly, elevated IgE is associated with defects in Th bias and B cell class switching, severe T cell tolerance defects and defects in immunity at the host-environment interface. These genetic data demonstrate the mechanisms of control over IgE production and the manner in which they can be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Altin
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, arise due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. There are sound data coming from epidemiological, family, and twin studies demonstrating a strong genetic influence on the development of AITD. In this review we summarize the new findings on the genetic susceptibility to AITD focusing on emerging mechanisms of susceptibility. SUMMARY Candidate gene analysis, whole-genome linkage screening, genome-wide association studies, and whole-genome sequencing are the major technologies that have advanced this field, leading to the identification of at least seven genes whose variants have been associated with AITD. One of the major ones is the HLA-DR gene locus. Recently, it was shown that substitution of the neutral amino acids Ala or Gln with arginine at position beta 74 in the HLA-DR peptide-binding pocket is key to the etiology of both Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Several other genes have also been shown to confer susceptibility to AITD. These can be classified into two groups: (i) immune regulatory genes (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, CD40, protein tyrosine phosphatase-22, and CD25) and (ii) thyroid-specific genes (thyroglobulin and thyrotropin receptor genes). The influence of individual genes on the development of AITD when assessed in a population appears to be weaker than would be expected from the data showing strong genetic susceptibility to AITD. Two possible mechanisms explaining this discrepancy are gene-gene interactions and subset effects. CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the immunogenetic mechanisms leading to thyroid autoimmunity. For the first time we are beginning to unravel these mechanisms at the molecular level. It is hoped that these new data will be translated into novel therapies and prevention strategies in AITD, such as costimulatory blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Tomer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Kim YY. Past, present, and future of allergy in Korea. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010; 2:155-64. [PMID: 20592913 PMCID: PMC2892046 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2010.2.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Korean allergology has made great progress in keeping pace with global scientific advances in spite of a short history. Outstanding academic and scientific researches have been performed in a variety of allergy fields in Korea. Epidemiologic studies revealed increasing prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases and considerable morbidity and mortality in Korea. Novel inhalant allergens such as citrus red mite and two-spotted spider mite as causes of asthma and allergic rhinitis have been discovered and reported in Korea. Bidirectional translational researches have been performed and are underway to elucidate the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy, mechanisms of airway inflammation and remodeling, and new therapeutic modalities for asthma and allergic diseases. Experimental asthma models of different phenotypes according to exposed levels of lipopolysaccharide or double-stranded RNA suggested the crucial role of the innate immunity in the development of allergic airway inflammation and a new insight for asthma pathogenesis, in which both Th1 and Th2 inflammation are involved. In the field of genetic researches, numerous genetic associations with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes, such as atopy, IgE production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, have been demonstrated in Korean population. The Easy Asthma Management (EAM) program, a computer-assisted asthma management program, is anticipated to facilitate the achievement of more successful clinical outcomes by filling the gaps between guidelines and actual practices. The Integration of these multi-disciplinary allergy research resources and translation of scientific achievements to the bedside and society will lead to better allergy and asthma control in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Young Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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del Río-Espínola A, Fernández-Cadenas I, Rubiera M, Quintana M, Domingues-Montanari S, Mendióroz M, Fernández-Morales J, Giralt D, Molina CA, Alvarez-Sabín J, Montaner J. CD40-1C>T polymorphism (rs1883832) is associated with brain vessel reocclusion after fibrinolysis in ischemic stroke. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:763-72. [PMID: 20504251 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To find genetic predictors of reocclusion after successful fibrinolytic therapy during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. PATIENTS & METHODS This was a case-case prospective study analyzing 236 polymorphisms in a cohort of 222 patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator, from which 16 patients suffered a reocclusion event (7.2%). A predictive scale was generated using independent polymorphisms with a dominant/recessive model and tandem occlusion, weighted by their beta-coefficients in logistic regression. RESULTS Using a dominant/recessive model, the rs1800801 SNP from the MGP gene (odds ratio [OR]: 15.25; 95% CI: 2.23-104.46; adjusted p = 0.006) and the rs1883832 SNP from CD40 gene (OR: 0.077; 95% CI: 0.009-0.66; adjusted p = 0.019) were independently associated with reocclusion after logistic regression adjustment by clinical predictors. In an additive model, only the rs1883832 SNP (OR: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.62-12.15; adjusted p = 0.004) was related to reocclusion occurrence. The predictive model that was generated stratified the reocclusion risk from less than 1% to more than 70%. Reocclusions were associated with neurological worsening at 24 h (patients with reocclusion: 26.7%, versus patients without reocclusion: 4.9%; p = 0.002), as it was seen for MGP -7A>G (AA: 17.2% vs AG+GG: 4.5%; p = 0.027), but not for CD40 1C>T (CC: 4.5% vs CT+TT: 7.7%; p = 0.565). There was an association between CD40 -1C>T genotype and CD40 transcriptional activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (median expression values TT: 65.75%, CT: 70.80%, CC: 96.00%; p = 0.023). However, CD40 soluble fraction was not a useful biomarker of reocclusion status. CONCLUSION An association was found between MGP -7A>G and CD40 -1C>T polymorphisms, and reocclusion risk. The predictive scale that was generated permits the stratification of patients by their reocclusion risk with higher accuracy than clinical parameters alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto del Río-Espínola
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Kim SH, Lee JE, Kim SH, Jee YK, Kim YK, Park HS, Min KU, Park HW. Allelic variants of CD40 and CD40L genes interact to promote antibiotic-induced cutaneous allergic reactions. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1852-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Contribution of dihydropyrimidinase gene alterations to the development of serious toxicity in fluoropyrimidine-treated cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:661-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tomer Y, Huber A. The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease: a story of genes and environment. J Autoimmun 2009; 32:231-9. [PMID: 19307103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Autoimmune thyroid diseases arise due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic and environmental triggers contributing to AITD. However, the interactions between genes and environment are yet to be defined. Among the major AITD susceptibility genes that have been identified and characterized is the HLA-DR gene locus, as well as non-MHC genes including the CTLA-4, CD40, PTPN22, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor genes. The major environmental triggers of AITD include iodine, medications, infection, smoking, and possibly stress. Recent data on the genetic predisposition to AITD lead to novel putative mechanisms by which the genetic-environmental interactions may lead to the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Tomer
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Liu Y, Liang WB, Gao LB, Wang YY, Zhang L. Association of CD40 -1C/T polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 408:56-9. [PMID: 19622350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation of the airways and lung parenchyma plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. CD40 signaling has been linked to pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory diseases. After interaction with its ligand CD154 (CD40L), CD40 induces a broad variety of chronic inflammatory responses, inducing the release of inflammatory mediators. We investigated whether a CD40 gene (-1C/T) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with COPD in a Chinese population. METHODS We analyzed -1C/T SNP of the CD40 gene in 234 patients with COPD, and also in 312 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS The frequency of CT and CT+CC of CD40 gene was significantly different from TT in the COPD group compared with the control group (for CT: OR=1.777, 95% CI: 1.117-2.826, p=0.015; for CT+CC: OR=1.614, 95% CI: 1.032-2.526, p=0.035). However, neither the allele frequency of CD40 nor the smoking and clinical stages in CD40 -1C/T genotypes frequency had significant differences between the COPD patients and control. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the CD40 -1C/T polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to COPD in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
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Hsieh YY, Wan L, Chang CC, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ. STAT2*C related genotypes and allele but not TLR4 and CD40 gene polymorphisms are associated with higher susceptibility for asthma. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:74-81. [PMID: 19159017 PMCID: PMC2615545 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Asthma is caused by a complex interaction between multiple genes and environmental factors. Herein we aimed to investigate whether signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT2), toll-like receptors 4 (TLRs4) and CD40-related polymorphisms are associated with asthma susceptibility. Design: Children were divided: (1) asthma (n=117); (2) normal controls (n=60). The polymorphisms of STAT2, TLR4 and CD40 polymorphism were analyzed by PCR-RFLP genotyping. Genotypes, allelic frequencies and association of haplotypes in both groups were compared. Results: STAT2*C related genotypes, but not TLR4 and CD40 polymorphism, are associated with higher susceptibility for asthma. Distributions of STAT2*CC/CG/GG and C/G allele in both groups are: (1) 0/11.1/88.9 % and 5.6/94.4%; (2) 0/1.7/98.3% and 0.8/99.2% (p<0.05). Proportions of TLR4*rs10983755 AA/AG/GG and rs1927914 CC/CT/TT homozygote are: (1) 35.1/8.5/56.4% and 9.4/56.4/34.2%; (2) 35/8.3/56.7% and 16.7/48.3/35% (non-difference). Proportions of CD40*rs1883832 CC/CT/TT, rs3765459 AA/AG/GG, and rs4810485 TT/GT/GG are: (1) 29.9/53/17.1%, 6.8/47.9/45.3 and 18.8/62.4/18.8%; (2) 36.7/41.7/21.6%, 1.6/46.7/ 51.7 and 15/51.7/33.3% (non-difference). Haplotype analyses for TLR4 and CD40 genes revealed their non-association and non-additional effect upon asthma susceptibilities. Conclusion: STAT2*C related genotypes and alleles are associated with asthma susceptibilities and pathogenesis. There were non-association and non-additional effects of TLR4/CD40 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes upon asthma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yuan Hsieh
- 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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40
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Wu W, Alexis NE, Bromberg PA, Jaspers I, Peden DB. Mechanisms of LPS-induced CD40 expression in human peripheral blood monocytic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 379:573-7. [PMID: 19118532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CD40 plays important roles in cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In this study, we explored mechanisms underlying lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CD40 expression in purified human peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers. Exposure to LPS induced increases in CD40 mRNA and protein expression on PBMCs. LPS stimulation caused IkappaBalpha degradation. Inhibition of NFkappaB activation abrogated LPS-induced CD40 expression. LPS stimulation also resulted in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, however, only Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was partially involved in LPS-induced CD40 expression. In addition, LPS exposure resulted in elevated interferon gamma (IFNgamma) levels in the medium of PBMCs. Neutralization of IFNgamma and IFNgamma receptor using specific antibodies blocked LPS-induced CD40 expression by 44% and 37%, respectively. In summary, LPS-induced CD40 expression on human PBMCs through activation of NFkappaB and JNK, and partially through the induction of IFNgamma production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Genetics and epidemiology. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 8:489-93. [PMID: 18769207 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32830f1c83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is wide variation in the global epidemiology of allergic diseases, and the prevalence rates of asthma and allergy differ significantly among different Asian populations. The diversity of environment and ethnic background in Asia provide excellent opportunities for research into the environmental and genetic determinants of asthma and allergies. This review summarizes important lessons learnt from research findings from Asia on asthma and allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epidemiologic studies revealed wide variation and increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy in many Asian countries. Comparative studies of population of the same ethnic background living in different environments revealed important environmental risk factors for asthma. Ambient air pollution plays an important role in the morbidity of patients with asthma but does not seem to affect the prevalence of asthma. There were many genetic association studies for allergic diseases from Asia. These studies identified novel gene targets, such as CD40, DCNP1 and PTGS2, for asthma and allergen sensitization whereas many others replicated the genetic associations on known candidate genes for asthma and atopic dermatitis. SUMMARY Epidemiologic and genetic researches in Asia advance our knowledge on the disease prevalence, healthcare burden and pathogenesis of asthma and allergy.
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Huber A, Menconi F, Corathers S, Jacobson EM, Tomer Y. Joint genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis: from epidemiology to mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2008; 29:697-725. [PMID: 18776148 PMCID: PMC2583387 DOI: 10.1210/er.2008-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) frequently occur together within families and in the same individual. The co-occurrence of T1D and AITD in the same patient is one of the variants of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 [APS3 variant (APS3v)]. Epidemiological data point to a strong genetic influence on the shared susceptibility to T1D and AITD. Recently, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic association between T1D and AITD. At least three genes have been confirmed as major joint susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD: human leukocyte antigen class II, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22. Moreover, the first whole genome linkage study has been recently completed, and additional genes will soon be identified. Not unexpectedly, all the joint genes for T1D and AITD identified so far are involved in immune regulation, specifically in the presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells. One of the lessons learned from the analysis of the joint susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD is that subset analysis is a key to dissecting the etiology of complex diseases. One of the best demonstrations of the power of subset analysis is the CTLA-4 gene in T1D. Although CTLA-4 showed very weak association with T1D, when analyzed in the subset of patients with both T1D and AITD, the genetic effect of CTLA-4 was significantly stronger. Gene-gene and genetic-epigenetic interactions most likely play a role in the shared genetic susceptibility to T1D and AITD. Dissecting these mechanisms will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of T1D and AITD, as well as autoimmunity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Huber
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C Moore
- Center for Human Genomics and Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Abstract
CD40 and its ligand, CD154, are major costimulatory molecules whose interactions are important in humoral and cellular immunity. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFRSF5 and TNFSF5 encoding the CD40 and CD154 proteins, respectively, influence lymphoma risk, particularly a functional TNFRSF5 SNP (-1C>T, rs1883832) associated with reduced B-cell CD40 expression. TNFRSF5 and TNFSF5 SNPs were examined in a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (376 cases/801 controls with DNA), and compelling findings were followed up in 2 independent populations. Pooled analyses of all 3 case-control studies (total N = 1776 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, N = 2482 controls) revealed an increased risk of follicular lymphoma (FL) associated with the TNFRSF5 -1TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4). In addition, among women, an inverse association was found between the variant A allele for a TNFSF5 6809G>A SNP and FL risk (OR = .61; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98). In genotype-phenotype studies, significantly reduced circulating soluble CD40 was observed in TNFRSF5 -1TT compared with -1CC carriers. Further, dendritic cells from those with -1TT versus -1CC genotypes exhibited lower CD40 cell surface expression. These results suggest that the TNFRSF5 -1C>T polymorphism may increase FL susceptibility through mechanisms that hinder cellular immune responses. Further studies are needed to explore these findings.
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Wu W, Alexis NE, Chen X, Bromberg PA, Peden DB. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFkappaB in LPS-induced CD40 expression on human monocytic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 228:135-43. [PMID: 18187173 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a costimulatory molecule linking innate and adaptive immune responses to bacterial stimuli, as well as a critical regulator of functions of other costimulatory molecules. The mechanisms regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CD40 expression have not been adequately characterized in human monocytic cells. In this study we used a human monocytic cell line, THP-1, to investigate the possible mechanisms of CD40 expression following LPS exposure. Exposure to LPS resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in CD40 expression. Further studies using immunoblotting and pharmacological inhibitors revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NFkappaB were activated by LPS exposure and involved in LPS-induced CD40 expression. Activation of MAPKs was not responsible for LPS-induced NFkappaB activation. TLR4 was expressed on THP-1 cells and pretreatment of cells with a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) neutralizing antibody (HTA125) significantly blunted LPS-induced MAPK and NFkappaB activation and ensuing CD40 expression. Additional studies with murine macrophages expressing wild type and mutated TLR4 showed that TLR4 was implicated in LPS-induced ERK and NFkappaB activation, and CD40 expression. Moreover, blockage of MAPK and NFkappaB activation inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 expression. In summary, LPS-induced CD40 expression in monocytic cells involves MAPKs and NFkappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. AITDs arise due to interplay between environmental and genetic factors. In the past decade, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic contribution to the etiology of AITDs. Excitingly, several AITD susceptibility genes have been identified and characterized. Some of these susceptibility genes are specific to either GD or HT, while others confer susceptibility to both conditions. The first AITD susceptibility gene locus identified was the Human-Leukocyte-Antigen DR (HLA-DR) gene locus. Subsequently, a quintet of non-HLA genes, including the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4), CD40, protein tyrosine phosphatase-22 (PTPN22), thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene, has been shown to contribute to the susceptibility to AITDs. Recently, the mechanisms by which these new AITD genes predispose to AITDs have been dissected. In this review, we overview and highlight the recent data on the genes predisposing to AITDs and the putative mechanisms by which they confer susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Jacobson
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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