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Talaei M, Emmett PM, Granell R, Tabatabaeian H, Northstone K, Bergström A, Shaheen SO. Dietary patterns, lung function and asthma in childhood: a longitudinal study. Respir Res 2023; 24:82. [PMID: 36927379 PMCID: PMC10022039 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal epidemiological data are scarce examining the relationship between dietary patterns and respiratory outcomes in childhood. We investigated whether three distinct dietary patterns in mid-childhood were associated with lung function and incident asthma in adolescence. METHODS In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 'processed', 'traditional', and 'health-conscious' dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis from food frequency questionnaires at 7 years of age. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75) were measured at 15.5 years and were transformed to z-scores based on the Global Lung Function Initiative curves. Incident asthma was defined by new cases of doctor-diagnosed asthma at age 11 or 14 years. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models, the 'health-conscious' pattern was positively associated with FEV1 (regression coefficient comparing top versus bottom quartile of pattern score 0.16, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.31, P for trend 0.04) and FVC (0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.33, P for trend 0.02), while the 'processed' pattern was negatively associated with FVC (- 0.17, 95% CI - 0.33 to - 0.01, P for trend 0.03). Associations between the 'health-conscious' and 'processed' patterns and lung function were modified by SCGB1A1 and GPX4 gene polymorphisms. We found no evidence of an association between the 'traditional' pattern and lung function, nor between any pattern and FEF25-75 or incident asthma. CONCLUSIONS A 'health-conscious' diet in mid-childhood was associated with higher subsequent lung function, while a diet high in processed food was associated with lower lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Orlewska K, Klusek J, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Kocańda K, Oblap R, Cedro A, Witczak B, Klusek J, Śliwczyński A, Orlewska E. Association between Glutathione S-Transferases Gene Variants and COVID-19 Severity in Previously Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Polish Patients with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3752. [PMID: 36834445 PMCID: PMC9965089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the outcome of COVID-19 is associated with oxidative stress, it is highly probable that polymorphisms of genes related to oxidative stress were associated with susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. The aim of the study was to assess the association of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated Polish patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 92 not vaccinated and 84 vaccinated patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were included. The WHO COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale was used to assess COVID-19 severity. GSTs genetic polymorphisms were assessed by appropriate PCR methods. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed, including logistic regression analysis. GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype was found to be associated with a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease in the population of vaccinated patients with COVID-19 (OR: 2.75; p = 0.0398). No significant association was observed for any of the assessed GST genotypes with COVID-19 disease severity in unvaccinated patients with COVID-19. In this group of patients, BMI > 25 and serum glucose level > 99 mg% statistically significantly increased the odds towards more severe COVID-19. Our results may contribute to further understanding of risk factors of severe COVID-19 and selecting patients in need of strategies focusing on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Klusek
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Kamila Kocańda
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ruslan Oblap
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Cedro
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Bartosz Witczak
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Jolanta Klusek
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Orlewska
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
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Zeng X, Tian G, Zhu J, Yang F, Zhang R, Li H, An Z, Li J, Song J, Jiang J, Liu D, Wu W. Air pollution associated acute respiratory inflammation and modification by GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms: a panel study of healthy undergraduates. Environ Health 2023; 22:14. [PMID: 36703205 PMCID: PMC9881318 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has linked air pollution with adverse respiratory outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to air pollution remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism in the association between air pollution and lung function levels. A total of 75 healthy young volunteers aged 18-20 years old were recruited for six follow-up visits and examinations. Spirometry was conducted to obtain lung function parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Nasal fluid concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2a) were measured using ELISA kits. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the association of air pollutants with respiratory outcomes. Additionally, polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) were estimated to explore its role in the association between air pollutants and lung function. We found that short-term exposure to atmospheric particulates such as PM2.5 and PM10 can cause an increase in nasal biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung function, while air gaseous pollutant exposure is linked with decreased lung function, except for CO. Stratification analyses showed that an increase in nasal inflammatory cytokines caused by exposure to atmospheric particulates is more obvious in subjects with GSTM1-sufficient (GSTM1+) than GSTM1-null (GSTM1-), while elevated lung function levels due to air particles are more significant in subjects with the genotype of GSTM1- when compared to GSTM1+. As for air gaseous pollutants, decreased lung function levels caused by O3, SO2, and NO2 exposure is more manifest in subjects with the genotype of GSTM1- compared to GSTM1+. Taken together, short-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with alterations in nasal biomarkers and lung function levels in young healthy adults, and susceptible genotypes play an important mediation role in the association between exposure to air pollutants and inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung function levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ge Tian
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Fuyun Yang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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Dai X, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ. Interactions between glutathione S-transferase genes and household air pollution on asthma and lung function. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:955193. [PMID: 36250015 PMCID: PMC9557149 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.955193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms for chronic respiratory disease. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes play important roles in antioxidant defences and may influence respiratory health. Although there is not consistent evidence that the three commonly studied genes of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 are associated directly with respiratory outcomes, they seem to be related to disease susceptibility if exposure interactions are taken into account. Exposure to household air pollution may be particularly important in increasing lung oxidative stress. This review summarizes the relationships between GST genes, household air pollution and asthma and impaired lung function. Our findings support a role for GST polymorphisms in susceptibility to asthma and impaired lung function via oxidative stress pathways. Future research should additionally consider the role of gene-gene interactions, multiple environmental exposures, and gender in these complex associations, that are involved in maintaining antioxidant defences and lung health.
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Kumar A, Ahmed T, Parvez MK, Banerjee BD, Maqusood M, Jagirdar RM. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism and asthma: a case-control study in a pediatric population. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:405-413. [PMID: 35469450 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To carry out a case-control study of the association of GST gene polymorphisms in pediatric asthma-related oxidative stress. Materials & methods: Asthma patients (n = 250) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 250) DNA were genotyped for GSTM1/GSTT1 (+/+, +/-, -/+ and -/-) frequencies using multiplex-PCR and plasma oxidative stress markers (examined spectrophotometrically). Results: Asthma patients had significantly more common null-genotype GSTM1-/GSTT1- (10.4%; p = 0.002) and elevated levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine as compared with controls. In addition, the level of plasma glutathione, GST activity and ferric-reducing ability were significantly decreased as compared with controls. Conclusion: Our data revealed significant associations between GSTM1-/GSTT1- genotype and oxidative stress markers in asthmatic children, which may very likely contribute to increased incidence of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Tanzeel Ahmed
- School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Mohammad K Parvez
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Mazher Maqusood
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India
| | - Rajesh M Jagirdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, 41500, Greece
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van de Wetering C, Elko E, Berg M, Schiffers CHJ, Stylianidis V, van den Berge M, Nawijn MC, Wouters EFM, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Reynaert NL. Glutathione S-transferases and their implications in the lung diseases asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Early life susceptibility? Redox Biol 2021; 43:101995. [PMID: 33979767 PMCID: PMC8131726 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our lungs are exposed daily to airborne pollutants, particulate matter, pathogens as well as lung allergens and irritants. Exposure to these substances can lead to inflammatory responses and may induce endogenous oxidant production, which can cause chronic inflammation, tissue damage and remodeling. Notably, the development of asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is linked to the aforementioned irritants. Some inhaled foreign chemical compounds are rapidly absorbed and processed by phase I and II enzyme systems critical in the detoxification of xenobiotics including the glutathione-conjugating enzymes Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). GSTs, and in particular genetic variants of GSTs that alter their activities, have been found to be implicated in the susceptibility to and progression of these lung diseases. Beyond their roles in phase II metabolism, evidence suggests that GSTs are also important mediators of normal lung growth. Therefore, the contribution of GSTs to the development of lung diseases in adults may already start in utero, and continues through infancy, childhood, and adult life. GSTs are also known to scavenge oxidants and affect signaling pathways by protein-protein interaction. Moreover, GSTs regulate reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, known as protein S-glutathionylation. Therefore, GSTs display an array of functions that impact the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. In this review we will provide an overview of the specific functions of each class of mammalian cytosolic GSTs. This is followed by a comprehensive analysis of their expression profiles in the lung in healthy subjects, as well as alterations that have been described in (epithelial cells of) asthmatics and COPD patients. Particular emphasis is placed on the emerging evidence of the regulatory properties of GSTs beyond detoxification and their contribution to (un)healthy lungs throughout life. By providing a more thorough understanding, tailored therapeutic strategies can be designed to affect specific functions of particular GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marijn Berg
- Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar H J Schiffers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Vasili Stylianidis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Saadat M. The morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are correlated with the Ile105Val glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020; 21:52. [PMID: 38624527 PMCID: PMC7527247 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is an important issue in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Considering that glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is involved in cellular detoxification, it may play an important role in susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or its outcome. In the present study, the association between the Ile105Val GSTP1 polymorphism (rs1695) and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as its outcome was investigated. Data on the prevalence (per 106 people), case-fatality (per 100 infected cases), and mortality (per 106 people) of COVID-19 and various potential confounders (the life expectancy at birth, density of medical doctors, density of nursing and midwifery personnel, and the gross national income per capita) were used. The latest data available for 45 countries were used for the study. Results In multivariate linear regression analyses, the Val105 allelic frequency showed positive association with the log-prevalence (partial r = 0.308, p = 0.042) and log-mortality of COVID-19 (partial r = 0.316, p = 0.037). The log-fatality did not show association with the allelic frequency. In the next step, only countries with the gross national income per capita more than $15,000 were included in the analysis. In the selected countries, the frequency of Val105 was positively associated with the log-prevalence (partial r = 0.456, p = 0.009) and log-mortality of COVID-19 (partial r = 0.544, p = 0.001). Conclusions The present findings indicate that countries with higher Val105 allelic frequency of the rs1695 polymorphism showed higher prevalence and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saadat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71467-13565 Iran
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8
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Dai X, Dharmage SC, Abramson MJ, Erbas B, Bennett CM, Svanes C, Hui J, Axelrad C, Lowe AJ, Lodge CJ. Early life acetaminophen exposure, glutathione S-transferase genes, and development of adolescent asthma in a high-risk birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1035-1044.e12. [PMID: 32289338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the impact of early life acetaminophen on asthma risk is still not clear, potential interactions with glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes due to reduced antioxidant function in particular polymorphisms, and possible impact on lung function, have never been investigated in adolescents. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations between early life acetaminophen use and adolescent asthma and lung function and to assess potential interactions by GST polymorphisms. METHODS Acetaminophen use was recorded 18 times up to age 2 years (n = 575 [92.7%]). Participants were genotyped for GST polymorphisms (GSTM1/T1/P1) (n = 429 [69.2%]). Asthma and lung function were measured at 12 (n = 365 [58.9%]) and 18 years (n = 413 [66.6%]). Regression models assessed associations and interactions. RESULTS Doubling of days of acetaminophen use was associated with reduced prebronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (β coefficient, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.19 to -0.01) and midexpiratory flow (-0.09; 95% CI, -0.18 to 0) at 18 years, but this association was not found when restricted for nonrespiratory reasons, suggesting confounding by indication. However, in children with GSTM1 null and GSTT1 present, increasing acetaminophen use for nonrespiratory reasons was associated with reduced FEV1 and midexpiratory flow at 18 years (interaction between GSTM1/T1 and acetaminophen P < .05). Increased acetaminophen use was associated with asthma at 18 years for children with GSTP1 Ile/Ile (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.57), but not other GSTP1 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings need to be investigated for consistency in other studies but suggest that children carrying risk genotypes may be susceptible to respiratory consequences from acetaminophen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine M Bennett
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jennie Hui
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine of West Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Population and Global Health and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Christine Axelrad
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Owens L, Laing IA, Murdzoska J, Zhang G, Turner SW, Le Souëf PN. Glutathione S-Transferase Genotype Protects against In Utero Tobacco-linked Lung Function Deficits. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:462-470. [PMID: 30726102 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1332oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In utero tobacco exposure is associated with reduced lung function from infancy. Antioxidant enzymes from the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family may protect against these lung function deficits.Objectives: To assess the long-term effect of in utero smoke exposure on lung function into adulthood, and to assess whether GSTT1 and GSTM1 active genotypes have long-term protective effects on lung function.Methods: In this longitudinal study based on a general population (n = 253), lung function was measured during infancy and at 6, 11, 18, and 24 years. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype was analyzed in a subgroup (n = 179). Lung function was assessed longitudinally from 6 to 24 years (n = 199).Measurements and Main Results: Exposure to maternal in utero tobacco was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC longitudinally from 6 to 24 years (mean difference, -3.87% predicted, P = 0.021; -3.35% predicted, P = 0.035, respectively). Among those homozygous for the GSTM1-null genotype, in utero tobacco exposure was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC compared with those with no in utero tobacco exposure (mean difference, -6.2% predicted, P = 0.01; -4.7% predicted, P = 0.043, respectively). For those with GSTM1 active genotype, there was no difference in lung function whether exposed to maternal in utero tobacco or not. In utero tobacco exposure was associated with deficits in lung function among those with both GSTT1-null and GSTT1-active genotypes.Conclusions: Certain GST genotypes may have protective effects against the long-term deficits in lung function associated with in utero tobacco exposure. This offers potential preventative targets in antioxidant pathways for at-risk infants of smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Owens
- 1School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,2School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- 1School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,3Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Guicheng Zhang
- 4School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,5Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia and Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Steve W Turner
- 6Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Le Souëf
- 1School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Leppilahti J, Majuri ML, Sorsa T, Hirvonen A, Piirilä P. Associations Between Glutathione-S-Transferase Genotypes and Bronchial Hyperreactivity Patients With Di-isocyanate Induced Asthma. A Follow-Up Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:220. [PMID: 31649932 PMCID: PMC6794415 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Di-isocyanates TDI (toluene di-isocyanate), MDI (diphenylmethane di-isocyanate), and HDI (hexamethylene di-isocyanate) are the most common chemicals causing occupational asthma. Di-isocyanate inhalation has been reported to induce oxidative stress via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to tissue injury. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) and N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are detoxifying enzymes whose general function is to inactivate electrophilic substances. The most important genes regulating these enzymes, i.e., GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, NAT1, and NAT2 have polymorphic variants resulting in enhanced or lowered enzyme activities. Since inability to detoxify harmful oxidants can lead to inflammatory processes involving activation of bronchoconstrictive mechanisms, we studied whether the altered GST and NAT genotypes were associated with bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in patients with di-isocyanate exposure related occupational asthma, irrespective of cessation of di-isocyanate exposure, and adequacy of asthma treatment. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods were used to analyze nine common polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTP1, GSTT1, NAT1, and NAT2 genes in 108 patients with diagnosed occupational di-isocyanate-induced asthma. The genotype data were compared with spirometric lung function and BHR status at diagnosis and in the follow-up examination on average 11 years (range 1–22 years) after the asthma diagnosis. Serum IgE and IL13 levels were also assessed in the follow-up phase. Results: An association between BHR and GSTP1 slow activity (Val105/Val105) genotype was demonstrated in the subjects at the follow-up phase but not at the diagnosis phase. Moreover, the patients with the GSTP1 slow activity genotype exhibited characteristics of Th-2 type immune response more often compared to those with the unaltered GSTP1 gene. Interestingly, all 10 patients with the GSTP1 slow activity genotype had both the GSTM3 slow activity genotype and the unaltered GSTT1 gene. Discussion: The results suggest associations of the low activity variants of the GSTP1 gene with BHR. The fact that these associations came up only at the follow-up phase when the subjects were not any more exposed to di-isocyanates, and used asthma medication, suggest that medication and environmental factors influence the presentation of these associations. However, due to the exploratory character of the study and relatively small study size, the findings remain to be confirmed in future studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Leppilahti
- Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Majuri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ari Hirvonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.,National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health, Valvira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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De Grove KC, Provoost S, Brusselle GG, Joos GF, Maes T. Insights in particulate matter-induced allergic airway inflammation: Focus on the epithelium. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:773-786. [PMID: 29772098 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem throughout the world. In particular, exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with the development and exacerbation of several respiratory diseases, including asthma. Although the adverse health effects of PM have been demonstrated for many years, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. In this review, we focus on the role of the lung epithelium and specifically highlight multiple cytokines in PM-induced respiratory responses. We describe the available literature on the topic including in vitro studies, findings in humans (ie observations in human cohorts, human controlled exposure and ex vivo studies) and in vivo animal studies. In brief, it has been shown that exposure to PM modulates the airway epithelium and promotes the production of several cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-25, IL-33, TNF-α, TSLP and GM-CSF. Further, we propose that PM-induced type 2-promoting cytokines are important mediators in the acute and aggravating effects of PM on airway inflammation. Targeting these cytokines could therefore be a new approach in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C De Grove
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Provoost
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G F Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Nørskov MS, Dahl M, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Genetic Variation in GSTP1, Lung Function, Risk of Lung Cancer, and Mortality. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1664-1672. [PMID: 28739440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutathione S-transferase pi 1 metabolizes carcinogens from tobacco smoke in the lung. We tested whether genetically altered glutathione S-transferase pi 1 activity affects lung function and risk for tobacco-related cancer and mortality in the general population. METHODS We genotyped 66,069 individuals from the white general population for two common functional variants in the glutathione S-transferase pi 1 gene (GSTP1)-amino acid isoleucine 105 changed to a valine (Ile105Val) and amino acid alanine 114 changed to a valine (Ala114Val)-and recorded lung function, lung cancer, tobacco-related cancer, and death as outcomes. RESULTS Lung function was increased stepwise with the Ile105Val genotype overall (p < 0.01) and among smokers separately (p < 0.01). Adjusted hazard ratios for lung cancer, tobacco-related cancer, and death were reduced stepwise with the Ile105Val genotype (p < 0.02): Ile105Val homozygotes and heterozygotes versus noncarriers had hazard ratios for lung cancer of 0.64 (0.47-0.89) and 0.93 (0.78-1.11), for tobacco-related cancer of 0.74 (0.60-0.92) and 0.92 (0.81-1.04), and hazard ratios for death of 0.87 (0.80-0.95) and 0.94 (0.89-0.99), respectively. Population prevented fractions of lung cancer, tobacco-related cancer, and death due to Ile105Val homozygosity were 4%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The Ala114Val genotype was associated with reduced mortality (p < 0.01) but not with lung function, lung cancer, or tobacco-related cancer. CONCLUSION GSTP1 Ile105Val was associated with increased lung function, reduced risk for lung cancer and tobacco-related cancer, and reduced all-cause mortality in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Nørskov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
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13
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Moheimani F, Hsu ACY, Reid AT, Williams T, Kicic A, Stick SM, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB, Knight DA. The genetic and epigenetic landscapes of the epithelium in asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:119. [PMID: 27658857 PMCID: PMC5034566 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. The airway epithelium is the initial barrier against inhaled noxious agents or aeroallergens. In asthma, the airway epithelium suffers from structural and functional abnormalities and as such, is more susceptible to normally innocuous environmental stimuli. The epithelial structural and functional impairments are now recognised as a significant contributing factor to asthma pathogenesis. Both genetic and environmental risk factors play important roles in the development of asthma with an increasing number of genes associated with asthma susceptibility being expressed in airway epithelium. Epigenetic factors that regulate airway epithelial structure and function are also an attractive area for assessment of susceptibility to asthma. In this review we provide a comprehensive discussion on genetic factors; from using linkage designs and candidate gene association studies to genome-wide association studies and whole genome sequencing, and epigenetic factors; DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), in airway epithelial cells that are functionally associated with asthma pathogenesis. Our aims were to introduce potential predictors or therapeutic targets for asthma in airway epithelium. Overall, we found very small overlap in asthma susceptibility genes identified with different technologies. Some potential biomarkers are IRAKM, PCDH1, ORMDL3/GSDMB, IL-33, CDHR3 and CST1 in airway epithelial cells. Recent studies on epigenetic regulatory factors have further provided novel insights to the field, particularly their effect on regulation of some of the asthma susceptibility genes (e.g. methylation of ADAM33). Among the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, microRNA networks have been shown to regulate a major portion of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Particularly, miR-19a may have some therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teresa Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Zhang X, Hirota JA, Yang C, Carlsten C. Effect of GST variants on lung function following diesel exhaust and allergen co-exposure in a controlled human crossover study. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:385-91. [PMID: 27151508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) or allergen can cause decrements in lung function that are impacted by the presence of genetic variants in the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family but the effect of GST interactions with DE-allergen co-exposure on lung function is unknown. We aimed to assess the impact of DE and allergen co-exposure on lung function and the influence of GSTM1 or GSTT1 variation METHODS We used a blinded crossover study design with 17 atopic subjects exposed to filtered air (FA; the control for DE) or DE for 2h. One hour following each exposure to DE or FA, bronchoscopy was performed to deliver a diluent-controlled segmental allergen challenge (SAC). Methacholine challenge and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) was performed pre-exposure (baseline airway responsiveness) and 24h post-exposure (effect of co-exposure). Additionally, FEV1 was performed hourly after DE/FA exposure and protein carbonyl content was measured in plasma as an oxidative stress marker. RESULTS Changes in FEV1 from baseline were dependent on time following allergen exposure. DE, as opposed to FA, led to a significant change in FEV1 at 2h post-allergen exposure in GSTT1 variants only (24.5±19.6% reduction in GSTT1 null individuals vs. 9.2±7.3% reduction in GSTT1 present individuals). Moreover, plasma protein carbonyl level 4h after co-exposure was higher in the individuals who have the GSTT1 null genotype. CONCLUSIONS This suggests a gene-environment interaction that endangers susceptible populations co-exposed to DE and allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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15
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Zhang P, Lewinger JP, Conti D, Morrison JL, Gauderman WJ. Detecting Gene-Environment Interactions for a Quantitative Trait in a Genome-Wide Association Study. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 40:394-403. [PMID: 27230133 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) typically is focused on detecting marginal genetic effects. However, many complex traits are likely to be the result of the interplay of genes and environmental factors. These SNPs may have a weak marginal effect and thus unlikely to be detected from a scan of marginal effects, but may be detectable in a gene-environment (G × E) interaction analysis. However, a genome-wide interaction scan (GWIS) using a standard test of G × E interaction is known to have low power, particularly when one corrects for testing multiple SNPs. Two 2-step methods for GWIS have been previously proposed, aimed at improving efficiency by prioritizing SNPs most likely to be involved in a G × E interaction using a screening step. For a quantitative trait, these include a method that screens on marginal effects [Kooperberg and Leblanc, 2008] and a method that screens on variance heterogeneity by genotype [Paré et al., 2010] In this paper, we show that the Paré et al. approach has an inflated false-positive rate in the presence of an environmental marginal effect, and we propose an alternative that remains valid. We also propose a novel 2-step approach that combines the two screening approaches, and provide simulations demonstrating that the new method can outperform other GWIS approaches. Application of this method to a G × Hispanic-ethnicity scan for childhood lung function reveals a SNP near the MARCO locus that was not identified by previous marginal-effect scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingye Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - John L Morrison
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
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16
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Childhood asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: outcomes until the age of 50. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 15:169-74. [PMID: 25961391 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been recent interest in understanding the origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clearly has other causes apart from tobacco smoke. RECENT FINDINGS Cross-sectional studies of adult cohorts with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease highlight that childhood asthma is a risk factor. A recent longitudinal childhood cohort study of children from childhood to the age of 50 years describes that children with severe asthma are at increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and that the deficit in lung function can be tracked back to early years. SUMMARY Children with severe asthma are at increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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17
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Dixit P, Awasthi S, Agarwal S. Association of interleukin genes polymorphism with asthma susceptibility in Indian children: a case-control study. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:552-9. [PMID: 25402004 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.977347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukins (IL) 4 and 13 genes and their receptors (R) are the key cytokines which amplify inflammatory reactions in asthma. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of IL 4, 4 R, 13 and 13 R genes polymorphism with asthma in Indian children. METHODS In this hospital-based case-control study, included were children aged 1-15 years recruited as diagnosed cases of bronchial asthma, according to EPR 2007 and excluded were subjects with other respiratory diseases. Children with no present or past history of asthma were enrolled as controls. Spirometry was done in cases age ≥ 6 years. Gene-gene interaction was evaluated using binary logistic regression. RESULTS From October 2010 to July 2013, 275 cases and 275 controls were recruited. Gene-gene interactions between C1112T in IL 13 and Ile50Val in IL 4 R gene polymorphisms were found to be statistically significant (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.04-5.42, p = 0.040). Individuals with CT and GG genotype of C1112T in IL 13 and Ile50Val in IL 4 R were at twice the risk for the development of asthma compared to individuals with both non-risk genotypes. CONCLUSION The data suggests that gene-gene interactions between IL 13 and IL 4 R genes may play an important role in asthma among Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Dixit
- a Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Unit , King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India and
| | - Shally Awasthi
- a Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Unit , King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India and
| | - Sarita Agarwal
- b Department of Genetics , Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
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18
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Gender-dependent effect of GSTM1 genotype on childhood asthma associated with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:769452. [PMID: 25328891 PMCID: PMC4189933 DOI: 10.1155/2014/769452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether the GSTM1 genotype interacts with tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in asthma development. This study aimed to investigate the interactions among GSTM1 genotype, gender, and prenatal TSE with regard to childhood asthma development. In a longitudinal birth cohort in Taiwan, 756 newborns completed a 6-year follow-up, and 591 children with DNA samples available for GSTM1 genotyping were included in the study, and the interactive influences of gender-GSTM1 genotyping-prenatal TSE on childhood asthma development were analyzed. Among these 591 children, 138 (23.4%) had physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years of age, and 347 (58.7%) were null-GSTM1. Prenatal TSE significantly increased the prevalence of childhood asthma in null-GSTM1 children relative to those with positive GSTM1. Further analysis showed that prenatal TSE significantly increased the risk of childhood asthma in girls with null-GSTM1. Furthermore, among the children without prenatal TSE, girls with null-GSTM1 had a significantly lower risk of developing childhood asthma and a lower total IgE level at 6 years of age than those with positive GSTM1. This study demonstrates that the GSTM1 null genotype presents a protective effect against asthma development in girls, but the risk of asthma development increases significantly under prenatal TSE.
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19
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Campbell CD, Mohajeri K, Malig M, Hormozdiari F, Nelson B, Du G, Patterson KM, Eng C, Torgerson DG, Hu D, Herman C, Chong JX, Ko A, O'Roak BJ, Krumm N, Vives L, Lee C, Roth LA, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Rodriguez-Santana J, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Davis A, Meade K, LeNoir MA, Thyne S, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Shendure J, Abney M, Burchard EG, Ober C, Eichler EE. Whole-genome sequencing of individuals from a founder population identifies candidate genes for asthma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104396. [PMID: 25116239 PMCID: PMC4130548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex genetic disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. We sought to test classes of genetic variants largely missed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including copy number variants (CNVs) and low-frequency variants, by performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 16 individuals from asthma-enriched and asthma-depleted families. The samples were obtained from an extended 13-generation Hutterite pedigree with reduced genetic heterogeneity due to a small founding gene pool and reduced environmental heterogeneity as a result of a communal lifestyle. We sequenced each individual to an average depth of 13-fold, generated a comprehensive catalog of genetic variants, and tested the most severe mutations for association with asthma. We identified and validated 1960 CNVs, 19 nonsense or splice-site single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and 18 insertions or deletions that were out of frame. As follow-up, we performed targeted sequencing of 16 genes in 837 cases and 540 controls of Puerto Rican ancestry and found that controls carry a significantly higher burden of mutations in IL27RA (2.0% of controls; 0.23% of cases; nominal p = 0.004; Bonferroni p = 0.21). We also genotyped 593 CNVs in 1199 Hutterite individuals. We identified a nominally significant association (p = 0.03; Odds ratio (OR) = 3.13) between a 6 kbp deletion in an intron of NEDD4L and increased risk of asthma. We genotyped this deletion in an additional 4787 non-Hutterite individuals (nominal p = 0.056; OR = 1.69). NEDD4L is expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, and conditional knockout of this gene in the lung in mice leads to severe inflammation and mucus accumulation. Our study represents one of the early instances of applying WGS to complex disease with a large environmental component and demonstrates how WGS can identify risk variants, including CNVs and low-frequency variants, largely untested in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D. Campbell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kiana Mohajeri
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maika Malig
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fereydoun Hormozdiari
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Nelson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gaixin Du
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Patterson
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Dara G. Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Herman
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian J. O'Roak
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Niklas Krumm
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura Vives
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Choli Lee
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lindsey A. Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, Kaiser Permanente-Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, California, United States of America
| | - Adam Davis
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Kelley Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | | | - Shannon Thyne
- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Amaral AFS, Ramasamy A, Castro-Giner F, Minelli C, Accordini S, Sørheim IC, Pin I, Kogevinas M, Jõgi R, Balding DJ, Norbäck D, Verlato G, Olivieri M, Probst-Hensch N, Janson C, Zock JP, Heinrich J, Jarvis DL. Interaction between gas cooking and GSTM1 null genotype in bronchial responsiveness: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Thorax 2014; 69:558-64. [PMID: 24613990 PMCID: PMC4033138 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased bronchial responsiveness is characteristic of asthma. Gas cooking, which is a major indoor source of the highly oxidant nitrogen dioxide, has been associated with respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. However, little is known about the effect of gas cooking on bronchial responsiveness and on how this relationship may be modified by variants in the genes GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, which influence antioxidant defences. Methods The study was performed in subjects with forced expiratory volume in one second at least 70% of predicted who took part in the multicentre European Community Respiratory Health Survey, had bronchial responsiveness assessed by methacholine challenge and had been genotyped for GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1-rs1695. Information on the use of gas for cooking was obtained from interviewer-led questionnaires. Effect modification by genotype on the association between the use of gas for cooking and bronchial responsiveness was assessed within each participating country, and estimates combined using meta-analysis. Results Overall, gas cooking, as compared with cooking with electricity, was not associated with bronchial responsiveness (β=−0.08, 95% CI −0.40 to 0.25, p=0.648). However, GSTM1 significantly modified this effect (β for interaction=−0.75, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.33, p=4×10−4), with GSTM1 null subjects showing more responsiveness if they cooked with gas. No effect modification by GSTT1 or GSTP1-rs1695 genotypes was observed. Conclusions Increased bronchial responsiveness was associated with gas cooking among subjects with the GSTM1 null genotype. This may reflect the oxidant effects on the bronchi of exposure to nitrogen dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F S Amaral
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, London, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Isabelle Pin
- Pédiatrie, CHU de Grenoble, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Tartu University Hospital, Lung Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
| | - David J Balding
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Dept. of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Olivieri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Deborah L Jarvis
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, London, UK
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Marson FADL, Bertuzzo CS, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro JD. Polymorphisms in the glutathione pathway modulate cystic fibrosis severity: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:27. [PMID: 24593045 PMCID: PMC3973994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) clinically manifests with various levels of severity, which are thought to be modulated by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), modifier genes, and the environment. This study verified whether polymorphisms in modifier genes associated with glutathione (GSH) metabolism influence CF severity. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 180 CF patients was carried out from 2011 to 2012. We analyzed CFTR mutations, polymorphisms (GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions, GSTP1 + 313A > G, GCLC-129C > T, and GCLC-3506A > G) in modifier genes and CF clinical severity as assessed by 28 clinical and laboratory variables. RESULTS Significant associations were found between modifier gene polymorphisms and particular phenotypes or genotype changes. These included GCLC-129C > T with a higher frequency of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid to CC genotype (p = 0.044), and GCLC-3506A > G with a higher frequency of the no-mucoid P. aeruginosa (NMPA) to AA genotype (p = 0.012). The GSTT1 deletion was associated with a higher frequency of the NMPA to homozygous deletion (p = 0.008), GSTP1 + 313A > G with a minor risk of osteoporosis (p = 0.036), and patient age ≤ 154 months (p = 0.044) with the AA genotype. The Bhalla score was associated with GCLC-3506A > G (p = 0.044) and GSTM1/GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms (p = 0.02), while transcutaneous hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels were associated with GSTT1 deletions (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION CF severity is associated with polymorphisms in GSH pathways and CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernando Ribeiro
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Dirceu Ribeiro
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, CEP: 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Damera G, Panettieri RA. Irreversible airway obstruction in asthma: what we lose, we lose early. Allergy Asthma Proc 2014; 35:111-8. [PMID: 24717787 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, a syndrome manifested by airway inflammation and obstruction, globally contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Although current evidence identifies risk factors that evoke asthma, critical questions concerning susceptibility factors that induce severe persistent disease remain unclear. Early onset of asthma decreases lung function that may be unrecognized until later in adulthood when patients experience dyspnea on exertion and attenuated quality of life. This review highlights current evidence in predicting the onset of asthma and identifying those patients at greatest risk for severe persistent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Damera
- Translational Medicine, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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23
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El Rifai N, Moustafa N, Degheidy N, Wilson M. Glutathione S transferase theta1 and mu1 gene polymorphisms and phenotypic expression of asthma in Egyptian children: a case-control study. Ital J Pediatr 2014; 40:22. [PMID: 24559168 PMCID: PMC3974057 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-40-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic variants that confer susceptibility. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) are phase II enzymes thought to protect the airways from oxidative stress. Few and contradictory data are available on the association between asthma development and GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in different ethnic groups. The current study aimed to investigate whether these polymorphisms are associated with asthma development in the Egyptian population. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed on 94 asthmatic children 6 -12 yrs and 90 matched healthy controls. Candidates were subjected to clinical evaluation and measurement of absolute blood eosinophilic count, total serum IgE, and GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotype by multiplex PCR technique. Results The results for GSTT1 null genotype were 87.2% and 97.2% for asthmatic children and controls respectively and showed to be significantly more in controls (P =0.007, OR:0.683, CI: 0.034 -0.715). The results for GSTM1 null genotype were 50% and 61.1% for asthmatic children and controls respectively and showed to be nonsignificant (p = 0.130, OR: 1.000, CI: 0.54- 1.86). Also, no association was detected between GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and atopic conditions or asthma severity. Conclusion The significant detection of GSTT1 null genotype more in controls than in asthmatics with no association with other atopic manifestations or asthma severity and the lack of association detected between GSTM1 polymorphism in relation to asthma, atopy or asthma severity confirm the uncertain role of those genes in the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal El Rifai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Wang X, Li W, Liu W, Cai B, Cheng T, Gao C, Mo L, Yang H, Chang L. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms as major risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a Chinese Han population. Gene 2014; 533:48-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rogers AJ, Chu JH, Darvishi K, Ionita-Laza I, Lehmann H, Mills R, Lee C, Raby BA. Copy number variation prevalence in known asthma genes and their impact on asthma susceptibility. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:455-62. [PMID: 23517041 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have identified numerous genes reproducibly associated with asthma, yet these studies have focussed almost entirely on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and virtually ignored another highly prevalent form of genetic variation: Copy Number Variants (CNVs). OBJECTIVE To survey the prevalence of CNVs in genes previously associated with asthma, and to assess whether CNVs represent the functional asthma-susceptibility variants at these loci. METHODS We genotyped 383 asthmatic trios participating in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) using a competitive genomic hybridization (CGH) array designed to interrogate 20 092 CNVs. To ensure comprehensive assessment of all potential asthma candidate genes, we purposely used liberal asthma gene inclusion criteria, resulting in consideration of 270 candidate genes previously implicated in asthma. We performed statistical testing using FBAT-CNV. RESULTS Copy number variation in asthma candidate genes was prevalent, with 21% of tested genes residing near or within one of 69 CNVs. In six instances, the complete candidate gene sequence resides within the CNV boundaries. On average, asthmatic probands carried six asthma-candidate CNVs (range 1-29). However, the vast majority of identified CNVs were of rare frequency (< 5%) and were not statistically associated with asthma. Modest evidence for association with asthma was observed for 2 CNVs near NOS1 and SERPINA3. Linkage disequilibrium analysis suggests that CNV effects are unlikely to explain previously detected SNP associations with asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although a substantial proportion of asthma-susceptibility genes harbour polymorphic CNVs, the majority of these variants do not confer increased asthma risk. The lack of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CNVs and asthma-associated SNPs suggests that these CNVs are unlikely to represent the functional variant responsible for most known asthma associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rogers
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Alexander M, Karmaus W, Holloway JW, Zhang H, Roberts G, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Arshad SH, Ewart S. Effect of GSTM2-5 polymorphisms in relation to tobacco smoke exposures on lung function growth: a birth cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:56. [PMID: 24004509 PMCID: PMC3846453 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variation within GSTM2-5 genes may interfere with detoxification of environmental compounds, thereby having a detrimental effect on lung function following exposures such as tobacco smoke. We aim to investigate the influence of variants and associated methylation in the GSTM gene cluster with changes in lung function growth during adolescence. Methods Growth in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and change in FEV1/FVC ratio measures were obtained from children in the Isle of Wight birth cohort at ages 10 and 18. Illumina GoldenGate assays were used to genotype 10 tagging polymorphisms from GSTM2 (rs574344 and rs12024479), GSTM3 (rs1537236, rs7483, and rs10735234), GSTM4 (rs668413, rs560018, and rs506008), and GSTM5 (rs929166 and rs11807) genes. Diplotypes were generated in the software Phase 3.0.2. DNA methylation was measured in over 450,000 CpG sites using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina 450K) in a subsample of 245 18-year olds from the Isle of Wight birth cohort. Gender, age, in utero smoke exposure, secondhand smoke exposure (SHS), and current smoking status were assessed via questionnaire; smoke exposures were validated with urine cotinine. We used linear mixed models to estimate the effect of GSTM diplotypes on lung function across time and examine interactions with tobacco smoke. Results 1,121 (77%) out of 1,456 children had information on lung function at ages 10 or 18. After adjustment for false discovery rate, one diplotype in GSTM3 had a detrimental effect on changes in FEV1 (p=0.03), and another diplotype in GSTM3 reduced FVC (p=0.02) over time. No significant interactions with smoking were identified. SHS significantly modified the relationship between diplotypes and methylation levels in one GSTM2 CpG site; however, this site did not predict lung function outcomes at age 18. Joint effects of GSTM loci and CpG sites located within these loci on adolescent lung growth were detected. Conclusions Diplotypes within GSTM2-5 genes are associated with lung function growth across adolescence, but do not appear to modify the effect of tobacco smoke exposures on adolescent lung growth. Interactions between DNA methylation and diplotypes should be taken into account to gain further understanding on lung function in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melannie Alexander
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 236A Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Kang SH, Jung YH, Kim HY, Seo JH, Lee JY, Kwon JW, Kim BJ, Kim HB, Lee SY, Jang GC, Song DJ, Kim WK, Shim JY, Kim JH, Kang MJ, Yu HS, Yu J, Hong SJ. Effect of paracetamol use on the modification of the development of asthma by reactive oxygen species genes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110:364-369.e1. [PMID: 23622008 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified an increase in the prevalence of asthma associated with paracetamol use. OBJECTIVE To identify the relationship among asthma, biomarkers, genes, and paracetamol use in preschool children. METHODS We undertook a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 933 preschool children. Asthma status was classified according to medical history and asthmatic symptoms. History of paracetamol use in infancy was recorded. Impulse oscillometry, blood tests for eosinophils and total IgE, and genotyping of NAT2, Nrf2, and GSTP1 polymorphisms by TaqMan assay were conducted. RESULT Paracetamol use in infancy was associated with an increased risk of treatment for asthma within the previous 12 months. Paracetamol use together with a family history of asthma increased the risk of asthma diagnosis ever, current asthma, and treatment for asthma within the previous 12 months. Gene polymorphisms in NAT2 (rs4271002), Nrf2 (rd6726395), and GSTP1 (rd1695) increased the risk of treatment for asthma within the last 12 months. Eosinophils were significantly elevated in the group with paracetamol use and a family history of asthma; however, the serum total IgE level and IOS did not show any significant difference. CONCLUSION Paracetamol use in infancy was significantly associated with increased risk of asthma. The association is more significant in genetically susceptible children, related to antioxidant genes, and the effect may be mediated by eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kang
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tillie-Leblond I, Deschildre A, Gosset P, de Blic J. Difficult childhood asthma: management and future. Clin Chest Med 2013; 33:485-503. [PMID: 22929097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of severe asthma implies the definition of different entities, that is, difficult asthma and refractory severe asthma, but also the different phenotypes included in the term refractory severe asthma. A complete evaluation by a physician expert in asthma is necessary, adapted for each child. Identification of mechanisms involved in different phenotypes in refractory severe asthma may improve the therapeutic approach. The quality of care and monitoring of children with severe asthma is as important as the prescription drug, and is also crucial for differentiating between severe asthma and difficult asthma, whereby expertise is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tillie-Leblond
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital, Medical University of Lille, Hôpital Calmette, 1 Boulevard Leclercq, Lille Cedex 59037, France.
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Early-life cockroach allergen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures predict cockroach sensitization among inner-city children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:886-93. [PMID: 23391330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to cockroach is one of the strongest identified risk factors for greater asthma morbidity in low-income urban communities; however, the timing of exposures relevant to the development of sensitization has not been elucidated fully. Furthermore, exposure to combustion byproducts, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can augment the development of allergic sensitization. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypotheses that domestic cockroach allergen measured prenatally would predict cockroach sensitization in early childhood and that this association would be greater for children exposed to higher PAH concentrations. METHODS Dominican and African American pregnant women living in New York City were enrolled. In the third trimester expectant mothers wore personal air samplers for measurement of 8 nonvolatile PAHs and the semivolatile PAH pyrene, and dust was collected from homes for allergen measurement. Glutathione-S-transferase μ 1 (GSTM1) gene polymorphisms were measured in children. Allergen-specific IgE levels were measured from the children at ages 2, 3, 5, and 7 years. RESULTS Bla g 2 in prenatal kitchen dust predicted cockroach sensitization at the ages of 5 to 7 years (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.15; P = .001; n = 349). The association was observed only among children with greater than (RR, 1.22; P = .001) but not less than (RR, 1.07; P = .24) the median sum of 8 nonvolatile PAH levels. The association was most pronounced among children with higher PAH levels and null for the GSTM1 gene (RR, 1.54; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to cockroach allergen was associated with a greater risk of allergic sensitization. This risk was increased by exposure to nonvolatile PAHs, with children null for the GSTM1 mutation particularly vulnerable.
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Li R, Conti DV, Diaz-Sanchez D, Gilliland F, Thomas DC. Joint analysis for integrating two related studies of different data types and different study designs using hierarchical modeling approaches. Hum Hered 2013; 74:83-96. [PMID: 23343600 DOI: 10.1159/000345181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic disease such as asthma is the result of a complex sequence of biological interactions involving multiple genes and pathways in response to a multitude of environmental exposures. However, methods to model jointly all factors are still evolving. Some of the current challenges include how to integrate knowledge from different data types and different disciplines, as well as how to utilize relevant external information such as gene annotation to identify novel disease genes and gene-environment inter-actions. METHODS Using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we developed two alternative methods for joint analysis of an epidemiologic study of a disease endpoint and an experimental study of intermediate phenotypes, while incorporating external information. RESULTS Our simulation studies demonstrated superior performance of the proposed hierarchical models compared to separate analysis with the standard single-level regression modeling approach. The combined analyses of the Southern California Children's Health Study and challenge study data suggest that these joint analytical methods detected more significant genetic main and gene-environment interaction effects than the conventional analysis. CONCLUSION The proposed prior framework is very flexible and can be generalized for an integrative analysis of diverse sources of relevant biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Gowers AM, Cullinan P, Ayres JG, Anderson HR, Strachan DP, Holgate ST, Mills IC, Maynard RL. Does outdoor air pollution induce new cases of asthma? Biological plausibility and evidence; a review. Respirology 2013; 17:887-98. [PMID: 22672711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta-analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta-analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within-community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the U.K.'s Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Gowers
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Chilton, UK.
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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Wu W, Peden DB, McConnell R, Fruin S, Diaz-Sanchez D. Glutathione-S-transferase M1 regulation of diesel exhaust particle-induced pro-inflammatory mediator expression in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:31. [PMID: 22867088 PMCID: PMC3480908 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contribute substantially to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution in urban areas. Inhalation of PM has been associated with increased incidence of lung disease in susceptible populations. We have demonstrated that the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype could aggravate DEP-induced airway inflammation in human subjects. Given the critical role airway epithelial cells play in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation, we established the GSTM1 deficiency condition in primary bronchial epithelial cells from human volunteers with GSTM1 sufficient genotype (GSTM1+) using GSTM1 shRNA to determine whether GSTM1 deficiency could exaggerate DEP-induced expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-1β proteins. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying GSTM1 regulation of DEP-induced IL-8 and IL-1β expression were also investigated. Methods IL-8 and IL-1β protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GSTM1 deficiency in primary human bronchial epithelial cells was achieved using lentiviral GSTM1 shRNA particles and verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated using flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of protein kinases was detected using immunoblotting. Results Exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (GSTM1+) to 25-100 μg/ml DEP for 24 h significantly increased IL-8 and IL-1β protein expression. Knockdown of GSTM1 in these cells further elevated DEP-induced IL-8 and IL-1β expression, implying that GSTM1 deficiency aggravated DEP-induced pro-inflammatory response. DEP stimulation induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, the downstream kinase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in GSTM1+ bronchial epithelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK kinase and PI3K activity blocked DEP-induced IL-8 and IL-1β expression. DEP-induced ERK and Akt phosphorylation could be increased by GSTM1 knockdown. In addition, pretreatment of HBEC with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly inhibited DEP-induced ERK and Akt phosphorylation, and subsequent IL-8 and IL-1β expression. Conclusion GSTM1 regulates DEP-induced IL-8 and IL-1β expression in primary human bronchial epithelial cells by modulation of ROS, ERK and Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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The effect of environmental oxidative stress on airway inflammation. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:133-9. [PMID: 22306553 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32835113d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is an inflammatory respiratory condition with significantly associated morbidity and mortality that is increasing in prevalence. Air pollution is an important factor in both the development of asthma and in asthma exacerbations. Oxidative stress as a result of exposure to air pollution and underlying genetic polymorphisms that may play a role in susceptibility to this oxidative stress are the subject of current investigation. This article reviews the data regarding the effects of air pollution on the innate immune response and potential clinical and treatment implications of how genetic polymorphisms affect this response. RECENT FINDINGS Recent investigation reveals how pollutant-induced oxidative stress impacts airway inflammatory responses. Work by our study group demonstrates that asthmatic patients have an exaggerated inflammatory response to air pollution-induced oxidative stress. New trials investigating antioxidants as potential therapeutic interventions may target this specific issue. SUMMARY Air pollution plays a critical role in asthma and may affect certain patients more than others. Further investigation into the genetic polymorphisms that affect inflammatory responses may help target patient populations at greatest risk for air pollution-induced asthma and may provide new therapeutic options for these patient populations.
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Imboden M, Bouzigon E, Curjuric I, Ramasamy A, Kumar A, Hancock DB, Wilk JB, Vonk JM, Thun GA, Siroux V, Nadif R, Monier F, Gonzalez JR, Wjst M, Heinrich J, Loehr LR, Franceschini N, North KE, Altmüller J, Koppelman GH, Guerra S, Kronenberg F, Lathrop M, Moffatt MF, O'Connor GT, Strachan DP, Postma DS, London SJ, Schindler C, Kogevinas M, Kauffmann F, Jarvis DL, Demenais F, Probst-Hensch NM. Genome-wide association study of lung function decline in adults with and without asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1218-28. [PMID: 22424883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung function level; however, none have addressed decline in lung function. OBJECTIVE We conducted the first genome-wide association study on the age-related decrease in FEV(1) and its ratio to forced vital capacity (FVC) stratified a priori by asthma status. METHODS Discovery cohorts included adults of European ancestry (1,441 asthmatic and 2,677 nonasthmatic participants: the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults, and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey). The associations of FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC ratio decrease with 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were estimated. Thirty loci were followed up by in silico replication (1,160 asthmatic and 10,858 nonasthmatic participants: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, the Framingham Heart Study, the British 1958 Birth Cohort, and the Dutch Asthma Study). RESULTS Main signals identified differed between asthmatic and nonasthmatic participants. None of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance. The association between the height-related gene DLEU7 and FEV(1) decrease suggested for nonasthmatic participants in the discovery phase was replicated (discovery, P = 4.8 × 10(-6); replication, P = .03), and additional sensitivity analyses point to a relation to growth. The top ranking signal, TUSC3, which is associated with FEV(1)/FVC ratio decrease in asthmatic participants (P = 5.3 × 10(-8)), did not replicate. SNPs previously associated with cross-sectional lung function were not prominently associated with decline. CONCLUSIONS Genetic heterogeneity of lung function might be extensive. Our results suggest that genetic determinants of longitudinal and cross-sectional lung function differ and vary by asthma status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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Lima CSP, Ortega MM, Marson FAL, Zulli R, Ribeiro AF, Bertuzzo CS. Mutações do gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator e deleções dos genes glutationa S-transferase em pacientes com fibrose cística no Brasil. J Bras Pneumol 2012; 38:50-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Determinar os efeitos que a mutação do gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) e da deleção dos genes glutationa S-transferase (GST) mu-1 (GSTM1) e teta-1 (GSTT1) têm na evolução clínica da fibrose cística (FC) em pacientes da região sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Entre março de 2002 e março de 2005, incluímos no estudo todos os pacientes com FC atendidos consecutivamente no Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O DNA genômico de 66 pacientes com FC foi analisado por PCR e digestão com endonuclease de restrição para a identificação dos genótipos. RESULTADOS: A mutação ΔF508 do gene CFTR foi identificada em 44 (66,7%) pacientes. As deleções dos genes GSTM1, GSTT1 e da combinação nula GSTM1/GSTT1 foram identificadas em 40,9%, 15,2% e 3,0% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A mutação ΔF508 do gene CFTR foi mais comum em pacientes diagnosticados com FC antes dos 2,5 anos de idade que naqueles diagnosticados mais tarde (75,5% vs. 41,2%; p = 0,008). CONCLUSÕES: Foram observadas frequências similares da mutação ΔF508 do gene CFTR e dos genótipos GSTM1 e GSTT1 nos pacientes, independentemente do sexo, etnia ou status da doença pulmonar ou pancreática. Quando os pacientes foram estratificados por aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos, as frequências dos genótipos GSTM1 e GSTT1 nulos foram semelhantes, sugerindo que a ausência herdada dessas vias enzimáticas não altera o curso da FC. Em contraste, a alta frequência da mutação ΔF508 no gene CFTR encontrada em pacientes mais jovens sugere que essa mutação influencia a idade no momento do diagnóstico de FC nessa região do país.
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Karam RA, Pasha HF, El-Shal AS, Rahman HMA, Gad DM. Impact of glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms on enzyme activity, lung function and bronchial asthma susceptibility in Egyptian children. Gene 2012; 497:314-9. [PMID: 22326267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex multifactorial disease with an obvious genetic predisposition. Polymorphisms of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes are known risk factors for some environmentally-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of polymorphisms in the GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 genes and asthma susceptibility in Egyptian children, and to analyze their effect on GST activity and lung function. METHODS GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphism was genotyped using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and GSTP1 ILe105Val polymorphism was determined using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 168 healthy and 126 asthmatic children (82 atopic and 44 nonatopic). Also GST enzyme activity and lung function were evaluated. RESULTS Asthmatic children had a significant higher prevalence of the GSTM1 null (P=0.003) and significant lower prevalence of GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes (P=0.02) than control group. Lung function was significantly decreased in GSTM1 null genotype and GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype. GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes and GSTM1 null genotype had a significant decrease in plasma GST activity. CONCLUSIONS GST genes polymorphisms may play an important role in pathogenesis and susceptibility to asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab A Karam
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yi O, Kwon HJ, Kim H, Ha M, Hong SJ, Hong YC, Leem JH, Sakong J, Lee CG, Kim SY, Kang D. Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on atopic dermatitis among children in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 113:40-45. [PMID: 22264877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis is increasing in many countries. Several factors are known to be associated with childhood atopic dermatitis. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the most common indoor pollutants, and children are more vulnerable to ETS exposure than adults are. In this study, the possible association of ETS with atopic dermatitis was evaluated in 7030 individuals aged 6-13 years who participated in the Children's Health and Environment Research study. In addition, predictive factors, such as the allergic history of the parents, children's immunoglobulin E levels and children's history of rhinitis and its association with dermatitis, were assessed. After adjustment for possible confounding variables, atopic dermatitis was found to be highly correlated with ETS, especially among children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy and/or in the first year after birth (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.01-4.22). In conclusion, our results show that childhood exposure to ETS is a major risk factor for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhee Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, San 29 Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
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Malling TH, Sigsgaard T, Brasch-Andersen C, Frischknecht L, Andersen HR, Kruse TA, Sherson D, Skadhauge LR, Thomsen G, Baelum J, Omland Ø. Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidative enzymes are associated to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in smokers independently of asthma. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2012; 6:46-55. [PMID: 21595856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2011.00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we hypothesised that the genotypes coding for low antioxidative enzyme activity are associated with asthma and reduced lung function. METHODS Using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey protocol, we enlisted 1091 Danish subjects in this cross-sectional study. Asthma phenotypes were defined as asthma symptoms in combination with steroid usage, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy. These phenotypes and lung function were analysed with respect to glutathione peroxidase, GPX1 (Pro198Leu, rs1050450), manganese superoxide dismutase, SOD2 (Ala16Val, rs4880) and three glutathione S-transferases; GSTP1 (Ile105Val, rs1695), GSTT1 (gene copy number) and GSTM1 (gene copy number). RESULTS We found no associations between these genotypes and the asthma phenotypes. For the 201 subjects identified as current smokers and recruited via random sampling, an association was seen between increasing number of genotypes coding for high antioxidative enzyme activity (GPX1 Pro/Pro, SOD2 Val/Val, GSTP1 Ile/Ile, GSTT1 two copies, GSTM1 two copies) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) predicted. The increase in FEV1% predicted was 2.0% (95% confidence interval 0.3-3.8) per genotype. There was no identified significance for the inverse association between FEV1% predicted and number of genotypes coding for low antioxidative enzyme activity. CONCLUSION The present study does not support the hypothesis that asthma is associated with genotypes of these major antioxidative enzymes. However, we speculate that since we see an impact of these genotypes on lung function in young adult smokers, polymorphisms in antioxidative enzymes may contribute to the range of susceptibility of smokers have to Chronic obstructive lung disease.
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Peden DB. The role of oxidative stress and innate immunity in O(3) and endotoxin-induced human allergic airway disease. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:91-105. [PMID: 21682740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O(3)) and endotoxin are common environmental contaminants that cause asthma exacerbation. These pollutants have similar phenotype response characteristics, including induction of neutrophilic inflammation, changes in airway macrophage immunophenotypes, and ability to enhance response to inhaled allergen. Evoked phenotyping studies of volunteers exposed to O(3) and endotoxin were used to identify the response characteristics of volunteers to these pollutants. New studies support the hypotheses that similar innate immune and oxidant processes modulate response to these agents. These include TLR4 and inflammasome-mediated signaling and cytokine production. Innate immune responses are also impacted by oxidative stress. It is likely that continued discovery of common molecular processes which modulate response to these pollutants will occur. Understanding the pathways that modulate response to pollutants will also allow for discovery of genetic and epigenetic factors that regulate response to these pollutants and determine risk of disease exacerbation. Additionally, defining the mechanisms of response will allow rational selection of interventions to examine. Interventions focused on inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 and inflammasome represent promising new approaches to preventing pollutant-induced asthma exacerbations. Such interventions include specific inhibitors of innate immunity and antioxidant therapies designed to counter the effects of pollutants on cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Hersoug LG, Brasch-Andersen C, Husemoen LLN, Sigsgaard T, Linneberg A. The relationship of glutathione-S-transferases copy number variation and indoor air pollution to symptoms and markers of respiratory disease. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2011; 6:175-85. [PMID: 21651749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2011.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to particulate matter (PM) may induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. Carriers of null polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which detoxify reactive oxygen species, may be particularly susceptible to the effects of PM. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 modify the potential effects of exposure to indoor sources of PM on symptoms and objective markers of respiratory disease. METHODS We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of 3471 persons aged 18-69 years. Information about exposure to indoor sources of PM and respiratory symptoms was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. In addition, measurements of lung function (spirometry) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were performed. Copy number variation of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based assays. RESULTS We found that none of the symptoms and objective markers of respiratory disease were significantly associated with the GST null polymorphisms. An increasing number of positive alleles of the GSTM1 polymorphism tended to be associated lower prevalence of wheeze, cough, and high forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1) ), but these trends were not statistically significant. Furthermore, we did not observe any statistically significant interactions between GST copy number variation and exposure to indoor sources of PM in relation to respiratory symptoms and markers. CONCLUSIONS In this adult population, GST copy number variations were not significantly associated with respiratory outcomes and did not modify the effects of self-reported exposure to indoor sources of PM on respiratory outcomes.
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Schroer KT, Gibson AM, Sivaprasad U, Bass SA, Ericksen MB, Wills-Karp M, Lecras T, Fitzpatrick AM, Brown LAS, Stringer KF, Hershey GKK. Downregulation of glutathione S-transferase pi in asthma contributes to enhanced oxidative stress. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:539-48. [PMID: 21570714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTPi) is the predominant redox regulator in the lung. Although evidence implicates an important role for GSTPi in asthma, the mechanism for this has remained elusive. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine how GSTPi is regulated in asthma and to elucidate its role in maintaining redox homeostasis. METHODS We elucidated the regulation of GSTPi in children with asthma and used murine models of asthma to determine the role of GSTPi in redox homeostasis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that GSTPi transcript levels are markedly downregulated in allergen- and IL-13-treated murine models of asthma through signal transducer and activator of transcription 6-dependent and independent pathways. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was also downregulated in these models. The decrease in GSTPi expression was associated with decreased total glutathione S-transferase activity in the lungs of mice. Examination of cystine intermediates uncovered a functional role for GSTPi in regulating cysteine oxidation, whereby GSTPi-deficient mice exhibited increased oxidative stress (increase in percentage cystine) compared with wild-type mice after allergen challenge. GSTPi expression was similarly downregulated in children with asthma. CONCLUSIONS These data collectively suggest that downregulation of GSTPi after allergen challenge might contribute to the asthma phenotype because of disruption of redox homeostasis and increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, GSTPi might be an important therapeutic target for asthma, and evaluation of GSTPi expression might prove beneficial in identifying patients who would benefit from therapy targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy T Schroer
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Kim CS, Alexis NE, Rappold AG, Kehrl H, Hazucha MJ, Lay JC, Schmitt MT, Case M, Devlin RB, Peden DB, Diaz-Sanchez D. Lung function and inflammatory responses in healthy young adults exposed to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1215-21. [PMID: 21216881 PMCID: PMC3114053 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201011-1813oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to ozone causes a decrease in spirometric lung function and an increase in airway inflammation in healthy young adults at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm, close to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground level ozone. OBJECTIVES To test whether airway effects occur below the current ozone standard and if they are more pronounced in potentially susceptible individuals, such as those deficient in the antioxidant gene glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1). METHODS Pulmonary function and subjective symptoms were measured in 59 healthy young adults (19-35 yr) immediately before and after exposure to 0.0 (clean air, CA) and 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours in a chamber while undergoing intermittent moderate exercise. The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx was measured in 24 subjects 16 to 18 hours postexposure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Subjects experienced a significantly greater (P = 0.008) change in FEV(1) (± SE) immediately after exposure to 0.06 ppm ozone compared with CA (-1.71 ± 0.50% vs. -0.002 ± 0.46%). The decrement in FVC was also greater (P = 0.02) after ozone versus CA (-2.32 ± 0.41% vs. -1.13 ± 0.34%). Similarly, changes in %PMN were greater after ozone (54.0 ± 4.6%) than CA (38.3 ± 3.7%) exposure (P < 0.001). Symptom scores were not different between ozone versus CA. There were no significant differences in changes in FEV(1), FVC, and %PMN between subjects with GSTM1-positive and GSTM1-null genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of healthy young adults to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours causes a significant decrement of FEV(1) and an increase in neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. GSTM1 genotype alone appears to have no significant role in modifying the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong S Kim
- Environmental Public Health Division (MD-58B), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Postma DS, Kerkhof M, Boezen HM, Koppelman GH. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: common genes, common environments? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1588-94. [PMID: 21297068 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201011-1796pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show similarities and substantial differences. The Dutch hypothesis stipulated that asthma and COPD have common genetic and environmental risk factors (allergens, infections, smoking), which ultimately lead to clinical disease depending on the timing and type of environmental exposures (Postma and Boezen, Chest 2004;126:96S-104S). Thus, a particular group of shared genetic factors may lead to asthma when combined with specific environmental factors that are met at a certain stage in life, whereas combination with other environmental factors, or similar environmental factors at a different stage in life, will lead toward COPD. Multiple genes have been found for asthma and COPD. In addition to genes unique to these diseases, some shared genetic risk factors exist. Moreover, there are both common host risk factors and environmental risk factors for asthma and COPD. Here we put forward, based on the data available, that genes that affect lung development in utero and lung growth in early childhood in interaction with environmental detrimental stimuli, such as smoking and air pollution, are contributing to asthma in childhood and the ultimate development of COPD. Additional genes and environmental factors then drive specific immunological mechanisms underlying asthma, and others may contribute to the ultimate development of specific subtypes of COPD (i.e., airway disease with mucous hypersecretion, small airway disease, and emphysema). The genetic predisposition to the derailment of certain pathways may further help to define subgroups of asthma and COPD. In the end this may lead to stratification of patients by their genetic make-up and open new therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Newcomb P, Hunt A, Rast P, Cauble D, Rowe N, Li J. Acute effects of walking environment and GSTM1 variants in children with asthma. Biol Res Nurs 2010; 14:55-64. [PMID: 21196426 DOI: 10.1177/1099800410389167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise in air polluted by traffic emissions may aggravate airway inflammation in children with asthma, particularly those who produce decreased glutathione-S transferase (GST) as a result of GSTM1 gene deletion. OBJECTIVES This pilot crossover study investigated whether children with asthma experience more airway changes when exercising outdoors near roadways than when exercising indoors. It also examined differences in risk between children with and without GSTM1 deletion. METHOD Children between the ages of 5 and 12 years were assigned to groups and walked daily for 1 week in each exercise condition. Airway inflammation indicated by exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and pulmonary functions measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and mid-expiratory flow rate were measured at baseline and at three intervals during the walking program. Independent variables of interest included walking condition (place), time of walking, genotype, and particulate matter (PM) exposure. RESULTS A linear mixed models approach was used to investigate the contributions of targeted variables to respiratory outcomes. Results indicated that walking location and ambient level of ultrafine particulates during walking influenced function of small airways. Absence of one or both alleles for the GSTM1 gene did not influence airway function acutely. DISCUSSION Mid-expiratory flow (FEF(25-75)) may be more informative than FEV1 in studies of acute lung function changes in children with asthma. Further study of the effects of varied environmental conditions on lower airway function of children is needed to optimize exercise experiences for urban children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Newcomb
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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Ren C, Vokonas PS, Suh H, Fang S, Christiani DC, Schwartz J. Effect modification of air pollution on Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine by genotypes: an application of the multiple testing procedure to identify significant SNP interactions. Environ Health 2010; 9:78. [PMID: 21138591 PMCID: PMC3016327 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-9-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with adverse human health, but mechanisms through which pollution exerts effects remain to be clarified. One suggested pathway is that pollution causes oxidative stress. If so, oxidative stress-related genotypes may modify the oxidative response defenses to pollution exposure. METHODS We explored the potential pathway by examining whether an array of oxidative stress-related genes (twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs in nine genes) modified associations of pollutants (organic carbon (OC), ozone and sulfate) with urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxygunosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress among the 320 aging men. We used a Multiple Testing Procedure in R modified by our team to identify the significance of the candidate genes adjusting for a priori covariates. RESULTS We found that glutathione S-tranferase P1 (GSTP1, rs1799811), M1 and catalase (rs2284367) and group-specific component (GC, rs2282679, rs1155563) significantly or marginally significantly modified effects of OC and/or sulfate with larger effects among those carrying the wild type of GSTP1, catalase, non-wild type of GC and the non-null of GSTM1. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of oxidative stress-related genes modified effects of OC and/or sulfate on 8-OHdG, suggesting that effects of OC or sulfate on 8-OHdG and other endpoints may be through the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cizao Ren
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA. USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Suh
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA. USA
| | - Shona Fang
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA. USA
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Schultz EN, Devadason SG, Khoo SK, Zhang G, Bizzintino JA, Martin AC, Goldblatt J, Laing IA, Le Souëf PN, Hayden CM. The role of GSTP1 polymorphisms and tobacco smoke exposure in children with acute asthma. J Asthma 2010; 47:1049-56. [PMID: 20858151 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2010.508856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutathione S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which contributes to airway inflammation, a key component of asthma. Genetic variation in GST genes may influence individuals' ability to detoxify environmental pollutants. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of polymorphisms in GSTP1 (Ile105Val and Ala114Val), alone and in combination with ETS exposure, on atopy and asthma severity. METHODS GSTP1 Ile105Val and Ala114Val were genotyped and ETS exposure was assessed by parental questionnaire, which was validated by urinary cotinine measurements. Associations between ETS exposure, GSTP1 polymorphisms, and their interaction on atopy and asthma severity were investigated. RESULTS For the functional GSTP1 105 SNP, those with the Ile/Ile genotype had odds for atopy of 2.77 (p = .054) when assessed by genotype alone, which increased to 9.02 (p = .050) when ETS was included, relative to individuals with other genotypes. Likewise, compared to children with other GSTP1 114 genotypes, those with Ala/Ala genotype had a 5.47-fold (p = .002) increased risk of atopy (p = .020) when assessed by genotype alone, increasing to 9.17-fold when ETS was included. The 105 Ile/Ile individuals all had the AA (105 Ile/Ile and 114 Ala/Ala) haplotype group; therefore, the odds for atopy were the same. Individuals without any *C haplotype (105 Val and 114 Val allele) who were exposed to ETS had a 9.17-fold increased risk of atopy when compared with individuals with at least one *C haplotype and not exposed to ETS (p = .020). CONCLUSION There were significant interactions between GSTP1 SNPs, atopy, and ETS exposure in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Nee Schultz
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Fisk MZ, Steigerwald MD, Smoliga JM, Rundell KW. Asthma in swimmers: a review of the current literature. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2010; 38:28-34. [PMID: 21150139 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2010.12.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is common in many types of athletes, but its prevalence appears to be particularly high in swimmers. Long-term and acute exposure to swimming pool disinfectants has been shown to increase asthma risk in swimmers through inducing oxidative stress, which results in inflammation of the pulmonary epithelium and subsequent airway remodeling. Individuals with specific genotypes are more likely to develop asthma when exposed to inhaled irritants. Therefore, it is important for physicians to be knowledgeable about the risks associated with asthma in swimmers, as well as the diagnostic techniques and practices to reduce asthma symptoms.
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49
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Gorovenko NG, Rossokha ZI, Podolskaya SV, Pokhylko VI, Lundberg GA. The role of genetic determinant in the development of severe perinatal asphyxia. CYTOL GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452710050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Reddy P, Naidoo RN, Robins TG, Mentz G, London SJ, Li H, Naidoo R. GSTM1, GSTP1, and NQO1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness among South African schoolchildren. Lung 2010; 188:409-14. [PMID: 20526719 PMCID: PMC3611889 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-010-9246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTP1) and nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) genes play an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress which has been linked to asthma pathogenesis. We investigated whether common, functional polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1 and NQO1 influence airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and atopy among schoolchildren in South Africa. Genomic DNA was extracted from 317 primary schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years, from urban, low socioeconomic communities of Durban, South Africa. GSTM1 (null vs. present genotype), GSTP1 (Ile105Val; AA → AG + GG), and NQO1 (Pro/187Ser; CC → CT/TT) genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Atopy was defined as a positive skin-prick test to any of several common allergens. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) was evaluated by pulmonary function testing before and after methacholine challenge. Among the children, 30% were GSTM1 null, 65% carried the G allele for GSTP1, and 36% carried the C allele for NQO1. The frequency of GSTM1, GSTP1, and NQO1 variants among our South African sample was similar to frequencies found in similar ethnic groups worldwide. Marked airway reactivity (PC(20) ≤ 2 mg/ml) was found in 10.3% of children and approximately 40% of them were atopic. No significant associations for GSTM1 and NQO1 with either AHR or atopy were identified. A significant protective effect against atopy was found among children with one or two copies of the GSTP1 G allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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