1
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Campbell CD, Ridge PC, McDonnell MJ, Ward C, Harrison MJ, Collins C, Rutherford RM. Recurrent Lung Injury Resulting From Unusual Cases of Aero-Digestive Disease. Dysphagia 2023; 38:1447-1448. [PMID: 36749391 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Campbell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P C Ridge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - M J McDonnell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Ward
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - M J Harrison
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Collins
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - R M Rutherford
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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2
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Ramos PM, Choi J, Campbell CD, Wang YA, Pallaud C, Dickinson M, Verma A, Mittelman M, Platzbecker U, Cherif H, Fenaux P. Next-generation sequencing of baseline genetic mutations and outcomes of eltrombopag and azacitidine therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and thrombocytopenia: Data from the SUPPORT clinical trial. EJHaem 2023; 4:876-881. [PMID: 37601870 PMCID: PMC10435669 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Eltrombopag has been previously shown to be effective in reversing azacitidine-mediated thrombocytopenia. This was further investigated in the SUPPORT trial, a phase III study assessing the efficacy/safety of eltrombopag plus azacitidine in patients with intermediate- to high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and thrombocytopenia. The results did not support a clinical benefit for the addition of eltrombopag to azacitidine. We investigated if the somatic mutational profiles in the patient cohort were associated with treatment outcomes. Based on the available data, we observed no imbalance in the mutational profiles between treatment arms or a clear association between identified somatic mutations and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeea Choi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals CorporationEast HanoverNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Ying A. Wang
- Novartis Global Drug DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Bayer Pharmaceuticals CorporationCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Michael Dickinson
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Amit Verma
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Moshe Mittelman
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Clinical and PoliclinicHematology and Cellular TherapyUniversity Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Honar Cherif
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Hôpital AvicenneAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris/University Paris XIIIBobignyFrance
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3
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Fairchild L, Whalen J, D'Aco K, Wu J, Gustafson CB, Solovieff N, Su F, Leary RJ, Campbell CD, Balbin OA. Clonal hematopoiesis detection in patients with cancer using cell-free DNA sequencing. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm8729. [PMID: 36989374 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm8729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In the context of cancer, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms and shorter overall survival. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing is becoming widely adopted for genomic screening of patients with cancer but has not been used extensively to determine CHIP status because of a requirement for matched blood and tumor sequencing. We present an accurate classification approach to determine the CH status from cfDNA sequencing alone, applying our model to 4324 oncology clinical cfDNA samples. Using this method, we determined that 30.3% of patients in this cohort have evidence of CH, and the incidence of CH varies by tumor type. Matched RNA sequencing data show evidence of increased inflammation, especially neutrophil activation, within the tumors and tumor microenvironments of patients with CH. In addition, patients with CH had evidence of neutrophil activation systemically, pointing to a potential mechanism of action for the worse outcomes associated with CH status. Neutrophil activation may be one of many mechanisms, however, because patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer harboring TET2 frameshift mutations had worse outcomes but similar neutrophil frequencies to patients without CH. Together, these data show the feasibility of detecting CH through cfDNA sequencing alone and an application of this method, demonstrating increased inflammation in patients with CH both systemically and in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fairchild
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeanne Whalen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katie D'Aco
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Nadia Solovieff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fei Su
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Rebecca J Leary
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - O Alejandro Balbin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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de Braud F, Dooms C, Heist RS, Lebbe C, Wermke M, Gazzah A, Schadendorf D, Rutkowski P, Wolf J, Ascierto PA, Gil-Bazo I, Kato S, Wolodarski M, McKean M, Muñoz Couselo E, Sebastian M, Santoro A, Cooke V, Manganelli L, Wan K, Gaur A, Kim J, Caponigro G, Couillebault XM, Evans H, Campbell CD, Basu S, Moschetta M, Daud A. Initial Evidence for the Efficacy of Naporafenib in Combination With Trametinib in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma: Results From the Expansion Arm of a Phase Ib, Open-Label Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2651-2660. [PMID: 36947734 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE No approved targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS)-mutant melanoma is currently available. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase Ib escalation/expansion study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02974725), the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of naporafenib (LXH254), a BRAF/CRAF protein kinases inhibitor, were explored in combination with trametinib in patients with advanced/metastatic KRAS- or BRAF-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (escalation arm) or NRAS-mutant melanoma (escalation and expansion arms). RESULTS Thirty-six and 30 patients were enrolled in escalation and expansion, respectively. During escalation, six patients reported grade ≥3 dose-limiting toxicities, including dermatitis acneiform (n = 2), maculopapular rash (n = 2), increased lipase (n = 1), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n = 1). The recommended doses for expansion were naporafenib 200 mg twice a day plus trametinib 1 mg once daily and naporafenib 400 mg twice a day plus trametinib 0.5 mg once daily. During expansion, all 30 patients experienced a treatment-related adverse event, the most common being rash (80%, n = 24), blood creatine phosphokinase increased, diarrhea, and nausea (30%, n = 9 each). In expansion, the objective response rate, median duration of response, and median progression-free survival were 46.7% (95% CI, 21.3 to 73.4; 7 of 15 patients), 3.75 (95% CI, 1.97 to not estimable [NE]) months, and 5.52 months, respectively, in patients treated with naporafenib 200 mg twice a day plus trametinib 1 mg once daily, and 13.3% (95% CI, 1.7 to 40.5; 2 of 15 patients), 3.75 (95% CI, 2.04 to NE) months, and 4.21 months, respectively, in patients treated with naporafenib 400 mg twice a day plus trametinib 0.5 mg once daily. CONCLUSION Naporafenib plus trametinib showed promising preliminary antitumor activity in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma. Prophylactic strategies aimed to lower the incidence of skin-related events are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo de Braud
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Celeste Lebbe
- Department of Dermato-Oncology and CIC, AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U976, Paris, France
| | - Martin Wermke
- NCT/UCC Early Clinical Trial Unit, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen & German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Melanoma and Cancer Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Shumei Kato
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Meredith McKean
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Eva Muñoz Couselo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Sebastian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Manganelli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kitty Wan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anil Gaur
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sumit Basu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Adil Daud
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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5
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Radich JP, Wall M, Branford S, Campbell CD, Chaturvedi S, DeAngelo DJ, Deininger M, Guinney J, Hochhaus A, Hughes TP, Kantarjian HM, Larson RA, Li S, Maegawa R, Mishra K, Obourn V, Pinilla-Ibarz J, Purkayastha D, Sadek I, Saglio G, Shrestha A, White BS, Druker BJ. Molecular response in newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: prediction modeling and pathway analysis. Haematologica 2023. [PMID: 36727397 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy revolutionized chronic myeloid leukemia treatment and showed how targeted therapy and molecular monitoring could be used to substantially improve survival outcomes. We used chronic myeloid leukemia as a model to understand a critical question: Why do some patients have an excellent response to therapy, while others have a poor response? We studied gene expression in whole blood samples from 112 patients from a large phase 3 randomized trial, dichotomizing cases into good responders (BCR::ABL1 ≤10% International Scale by 3 and 6 months and ≤0.1% by 12 months) and poor responders (failure to meet these criteria). Predictive models based on gene expression demonstrated the best performance (area under the curve [SD], 0.76 [0.07]). All of the top 20 pathways overexpressed in good responders involved immune regulation, a finding validated in an independent data set. This study emphasizes the importance of pretreatment adaptive immune response in treatment efficacy and suggests biological pathways that can be targeted to improve response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Timothy P Hughes
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | | | | | - Sai Li
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Basel, Basel-Stadt
| | | | | | - Vanessa Obourn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Islam Sadek
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Alok Shrestha
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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6
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Tian J, Chen JH, Chao SX, Pelka K, Giannakis M, Hess J, Burke K, Jorgji V, Sindurakar P, Braverman J, Mehta A, Oka T, Huang M, Lieb D, Spurrell M, Allen JN, Abrams TA, Clark JW, Enzinger AC, Enzinger PC, Klempner SJ, McCleary NJ, Meyerhardt JA, Ryan DP, Yurgelun MB, Kanter K, Van Seventer EE, Baiev I, Chi G, Jarnagin J, Bradford WB, Wong E, Michel AG, Fetter IJ, Siravegna G, Gemma AJ, Sharpe A, Demehri S, Leary R, Campbell CD, Yilmaz O, Getz GA, Parikh AR, Hacohen N, Corcoran RB. Combined PD-1, BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF V600E colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2023; 29:458-466. [PMID: 36702949 PMCID: PMC9941044 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While BRAF inhibitor combinations with EGFR and/or MEK inhibitors have improved clinical efficacy in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer (CRC), response rates remain low and lack durability. Preclinical data suggest that BRAF/MAPK pathway inhibition may augment the tumor immune response. We performed a proof-of-concept single-arm phase 2 clinical trial of combined PD-1, BRAF and MEK inhibition with sparatlizumab (PDR001), dabrafenib and trametinib in 37 patients with BRAFV600E CRC. The primary end point was overall response rate, and the secondary end points were progression-free survival, disease control rate, duration of response and overall survival. The study met its primary end point with a confirmed response rate (24.3% in all patients; 25% in microsatellite stable patients) and durability that were favorable relative to historical controls of BRAF-targeted combinations alone. Single-cell RNA sequencing of 23 paired pretreatment and day 15 on-treatment tumor biopsies revealed greater induction of tumor cell-intrinsic immune programs and more complete MAPK inhibition in patients with better clinical outcome. Immune program induction in matched patient-derived organoids correlated with the degree of MAPK inhibition. These data suggest a potential tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism of cooperativity between MAPK inhibition and immune response, warranting further clinical evaluation of optimized targeted and immune combinations in CRC. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03668431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sherry X Chao
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karin Pelka
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, Gladstone Institutes Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Hess
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Burke
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vjola Jorgji
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Princy Sindurakar
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- The Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Mehta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Lieb
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maxwell Spurrell
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill N Allen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Abrams
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea C Enzinger
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter C Enzinger
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine J McCleary
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David P Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Kanter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily E Van Seventer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Islam Baiev
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Chi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joy Jarnagin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Bradford
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmond Wong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa G Michel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isobel J Fetter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Siravegna
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo J Gemma
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Leary
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Omer Yilmaz
- The Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gad A Getz
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aparna R Parikh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Pereira B, Labrot E, Durand E, Korn JM, Kauffmann A, Campbell CD. Contribution and clinical relevance of germline variation to the cancer transcriptome. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:675. [PMID: 35725412 PMCID: PMC9208227 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic alterations in the cancer genome, some of which are associated with changes in gene expression, have been characterized in multiple studies across diverse cancer types. However, less is known about germline variants that influence tumor biology by shaping the cancer transcriptome. Methods We performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses using multi-dimensional data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to explore the role of germline variation in mediating the cancer transcriptome. After accounting for associations between somatic alterations and gene expression, we determined the contribution of inherited variants to the cancer transcriptome relative to that of somatic variants. Finally, we performed an interaction analysis using estimates of tumor cellularity to identify cell type-restricted eQTLs. Results The proportion of genes with at least one eQTL varied between cancer types, ranging between 0.8% in melanoma to 28.5% in thyroid cancer and was correlated more strongly with intratumor heterogeneity than with somatic alteration rates. Although contributions to variance in gene expression was low for most genes, some eQTLs accounted for more than 30% of expression of proximal genes. We identified cell type-restricted eQTLs in genes known to be cancer drivers including LPP and EZH2 that were associated with disease-specific mortality in TCGA but not associated with disease risk in published GWAS. Together, our results highlight the need to consider germline variation in interpreting cancer biology beyond risk prediction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09757-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pereira
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emma Labrot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric Durand
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joshua M Korn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Audrey Kauffmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catarina D Campbell
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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8
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Svensson EC, Madar A, Campbell CD, He Y, Sultan M, Healey ML, Xu H, D'Aco K, Fernandez A, Wache-Mainier C, Libby P, Ridker PM, Beste MT, Basson CT. TET2-Driven Clonal Hematopoiesis and Response to Canakinumab: An Exploratory Analysis of the CANTOS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7:521-528. [PMID: 35385050 PMCID: PMC8988022 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and mouse experiments suggest that CHIP related to Tet2 loss of function in myeloid cells accelerates atherosclerosis via augmented interleukin (IL) 1β signaling. Objective To assess whether individuals with CHIP have greater cardiovascular event reduction in response to IL-1β neutralization in the Canankinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Trial (CANTOS). Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial took place from April 2011 to June 2017 at more than 1000 clinical sites in 39 countries. Targeted deep sequencing of genes previously associated with CHIP in a subset of trial participants using genomic DNA prepared from baseline peripheral blood samples were analyzed. All participants had prior myocardial infarction and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level above 0.20 mg/dL. Analysis took place between June 2017 and December 2021. Interventions Canakinumab, an anti-IL-1β antibody, given at doses of 50, 150, and 300 mg once every 3 months. Main Outcomes and Measures Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results A total of 338 patients (8.6%) were identified in this subset with evidence for clonal hematopoiesis. As expected, the incidence of CHIP increased with age; the mean (SD) age of patients with CHIP was 66.3 (9.2) years and 61.5 (9.6) years in patients without CHIP. Unlike other populations that were not preselected for elevated C-reactive protein, in the CANTOS population variants in TET2 were more common than DNMT3A (119 variants in 103 patients vs 86 variants in 85 patients). Placebo-treated patients with CHIP showed a nonsignificant increase in the rate of MACE compared with patients without CHIP using a Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.86-2.04]; P = .21). Exploratory analyses of placebo-treated patients with a somatic variant in either TET2 or DNMT3A (n = 58) showed an equivocal risk for MACE (hazard ratio, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.97-2.80]; P = .06). Patients with CHIP due to somatic variants in TET2 also had reduced risk for MACE while taking canakinumab (hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.15-0.96]) with equivocal difference compared with others (P for interaction = .14). Conclusions and Relevance These results are consistent with observations of increased risk for cardiovascular events in patients with CHIP and raise the possibility that those with TET2 variants may respond better to canakinumab than those without CHIP. Future studies are required to further substantiate this hypothesis. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01327846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Svensson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Now with Boston Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aviv Madar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Now with Valo Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yunsheng He
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Now with Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Washington, DC
| | - Marc Sultan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Now with Roche Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margaret L Healey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Huilei Xu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katie D'Aco
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Now with Diamond Age Data Science, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Fernandez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Beste
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Craig T Basson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Now with Boston Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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9
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Pereira B, Chen CT, Goyal L, Walmsley C, Pinto CJ, Baiev I, Allen R, Henderson L, Saha S, Reyes S, Taylor MS, Fitzgerald DM, Broudo MW, Sahu A, Gao X, Winckler W, Brannon AR, Engelman JA, Leary R, Stone JR, Campbell CD, Juric D. Cell-free DNA captures tumor heterogeneity and driver alterations in rapid autopsies with pre-treated metastatic cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3199. [PMID: 34045463 PMCID: PMC8160338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with metastatic cancer, spatial heterogeneity of somatic alterations may lead to incomplete assessment of a cancer's mutational profile when analyzing a single tumor biopsy. In this study, we perform sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and distinct metastatic tissue samples from ten rapid autopsy cases with pre-treated metastatic cancer. We show that levels of heterogeneity in genetic biomarkers vary between patients but that gene expression signatures representative of the tumor microenvironment are more consistent. Across nine patients with plasma samples available, we are able to detect 62/62 truncal and 47/121 non-truncal point mutations in cfDNA. We observe that mutation clonality in cfDNA is correlated with the number of metastatic lesions in which the mutation is detected and use this result to derive a clonality threshold to classify truncal and non-truncal driver alterations with reasonable specificity. In contrast, mutation truncality is more often incorrectly assigned when studying single tissue samples. Our results demonstrate the utility of a single cfDNA sample relative to that of single tissue samples when treating patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pereira
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Christopher T. Chen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Charlotte Walmsley
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christopher J. Pinto
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Islam Baiev
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Read Allen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura Henderson
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Supriya Saha
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stephanie Reyes
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Martin S. Taylor
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Donna M. Fitzgerald
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maida Williams Broudo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Avinash Sahu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Xin Gao
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Wendy Winckler
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - A. Rose Brannon
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Engelman
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Rebecca Leary
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - James R. Stone
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catarina D. Campbell
- grid.418424.f0000 0004 0439 2056Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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10
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Middleton G, Yang Y, Campbell CD, André T, Atreya CE, Schellens JHM, Yoshino T, Bendell JC, Hollebecque A, McRee AJ, Siena S, Gordon MS, Tabernero J, Yaeger R, O'Dwyer PJ, De Vos F, Van Cutsem E, Millholland JM, Brase JC, Rangwala F, Gasal E, Corcoran RB. BRAF-Mutant Transcriptional Subtypes Predict Outcome of Combined BRAF, MEK, and EGFR Blockade with Dabrafenib, Trametinib, and Panitumumab in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2466-2476. [PMID: 32047001 PMCID: PMC8194012 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of the transcriptional and immunologic context of mutations on therapeutic outcomes with targeted therapy in cancer has not been well defined. BRAF V600E-mutant (BM) colorectal cancer comprises two main transcriptional subtypes, BM1 and BM2. We sought to determine the impact of BM subtype, as well as distinct biological features of those subtypes, on response to BRAF/MEK/EGFR inhibition in patients with colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Paired fresh tumor biopsies were acquired at baseline and on day 15 of treatment from all consenting patients with BM colorectal cancer enrolled in a phase II clinical trial of dabrafenib, trametinib, and panitumumab. For each sample, BM subtype, cell cycle, and immune gene signature expression were determined using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and a Cox proportional hazards model was applied to determine association with progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Confirmed response rates, median PFS, and median overall survival (OS) were higher in BM1 subtype patients compared with BM2 subtype patients. Evaluation of immune contexture identified greater immune reactivity in BM1, whereas cell-cycle signatures were more highly expressed in BM2. A multivariate model of PFS incorporating BM subtype plus immune and cell-cycle signatures revealed that BM subtype encompasses the majority of the effect. CONCLUSIONS BM subtype is significantly associated with the outcome of combination dabrafenib, trametinib, and panitumumab therapy and may serve as a standalone predictive biomarker beyond mutational status. Our findings support a more nuanced approach to targeted therapeutic decisions that incorporates assessment of transcriptional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Yiqun Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Thierry André
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Chloe E Atreya
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Johanna C Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Autumn J McRee
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Rona Yaeger
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter J O'Dwyer
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Filip De Vos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Rangwala
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Eduard Gasal
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Dummer R, Gusenleitner D, Campbell CD, Lebbe C, Atkinson V, Mandalà M, Nathan PD, Arance A, Richtig E, Yamazaki N, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Tawbi HAH, Ascierto PA, Ribas A, Flaherty K, Gasal E, Brase JC, Long GV. Tumor microenvironment (TME), longitudinal biomarker changes, and clinical outcome in patients (pts) with advanced BRAF V600–mutant melanoma treated with first-line spartalizumab (S) + dabrafenib (D) + trametinib (T). J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.5_suppl.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
39 Background: Although pts with both low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and T-cell–inflamed gene expression profiles (TI-GEPs) usually have poor outcomes with anti–PD-1 therapy, an analysis in the adjuvant melanoma setting suggested that these pts benefited from adjuvant D+T therapy. Here we analyze TMB/TI-GEPs and other biomarkers in pts receiving a combination of anti–PD-1 and D+T therapy. Methods: The phase 3 COMBI-i study (NCT02967692) is evaluating S in combination with D+T in previously untreated pts with BRAF V600–mutant unresectable/metastatic melanoma. In the safety run-in (part [p] 1) and biomarker (p2) cohorts, blood/tissue samples were collected at baseline (BL), after 2-3 and 8-12 wk of treatment, and at disease progression. TMB/circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and TI-GEPs were examined by targeted DNA-seq and RNA-seq, respectively. Results: At data cutoff, 6 of 22 pts with DNA- and RNA-seq data available had a PFS event. At BL, these pts had low TMB, low TI-GEPs (4 of 6), or high levels of immunosuppressive TME signatures (eg, fibroblast, M2 macrophages) vs pts without a PFS event. Elevated BL ctDNA was significantly associated with PFS events ( P< .001). Pts with a complete response (CR) on S+D+T had significantly lower levels of BL immunosuppressive TME signatures (eg, M2 macrophages; P< .01) than pts without a CR. We observed a consistent increase in TI-GEPs and decrease in MAPK pathway activity score (MPAS) from BL to biopsy at 2-3 wk in all pts regardless of subsequent progression. Pts with a PFS event and available longitudinal biomarker data were characterized by a subsequent decrease in TI-GEPs and an increase in MPAS per the 8- to 12- wk biopsy sample. Conclusions: These results suggest that S+D+T had an early impact on tumor cells and the TME, potentially promoting antitumor activity. The majority of PFS events occurred in the TMB-low/TI-GEP-low subgroup. An immunosuppressive TME might preclude early CRs. The predictive implications of coupling TMB/GEP subgroups with other TME marker subgroups need further validation. The randomized placebo-controlled p3 of COMBI-i is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02967692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Dummer
- University Hospital Zürich Skin Cancer Center, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Celeste Lebbe
- APHP Dermatology and CIC, U976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Greenslopes Private Hospital, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Ana Arance
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Caroline Robert
- Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Keith Flaherty
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eduard Gasal
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Dummer R, Gusenleitner D, Campbell CD, Lebbe C, Atkinson V, Mandalà M, Nathan PD, Arance A, Richtig E, Yamazaki N, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Tawbi HAH, Ascierto PA, Ribas A, Flaherty K, Gasal E, Brase JC, Long GV. Tumor microenvironment (TME), longitudinal biomarker changes, and clinical outcome in patients (pts) with advanced BRAF V600–mutant melanoma treated with first-line spartalizumab (S) + dabrafenib (D) + trametinib (T). J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9515 Background: Although pts with both low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and T-cell–inflamed gene expression profiles (TI-GEPs) usually have poor outcomes with anti–PD-1 therapy, an analysis in the adjuvant melanoma setting suggested that these pts benefited from adjuvant D+T therapy. Here we analyze TMB/TI-GEPs and other biomarkers in pts receiving a combination of anti–PD-1 and D+T therapy. Methods: The phase 3 COMBI-i study (NCT02967692) is evaluating S in combination with D+T in previously untreated pts with BRAF V600–mutant unresectable/metastatic melanoma. In the safety run-in (part [p] 1) and biomarker (p2) cohorts, blood/tissue samples were collected at baseline (BL), after 2-3 and 8-12 wk of treatment, and at disease progression. TMB/circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and TI-GEPs were examined by targeted DNA-seq and RNA-seq, respectively. Results: At data cutoff, 6 of 22 pts with DNA- and RNA-seq data available had a PFS event. At BL, these pts had low TMB, low TI-GEPs (4 of 6), or high levels of immunosuppressive TME signatures (eg, fibroblast, M2 macrophages) vs pts without a PFS event. Elevated BL ctDNA was significantly associated with PFS events ( P< .001). Pts with a complete response (CR) on S+D+T had significantly lower levels of BL immunosuppressive TME signatures (eg, M2 macrophages; P< .01) than pts without a CR. We observed a consistent increase in TI-GEPs and decrease in MAPK pathway activity score (MPAS) from BL to biopsy at 2-3 wk in all pts regardless of subsequent progression. Pts with a PFS event and available longitudinal biomarker data were characterized by a subsequent decrease in TI-GEPs and an increase in MPAS per the 8- to 12- wk biopsy sample. Conclusions: These results suggest that S+D+T had an early impact on tumor cells and the TME, potentially promoting antitumor activity. The majority of PFS events occurred in the TMB-low/TI-GEP-low subgroup. An immunosuppressive TME might preclude early CRs. The predictive implications of coupling TMB/GEP subgroups with other TME marker subgroups need further validation. The randomized placebo-controlled p3 of COMBI-i is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02967692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Dummer
- University Hospital Zürich Skin Cancer Center, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Celeste Lebbe
- APHP Dermatology and CIC, U976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Greenslopes Private Hospital, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Ana Arance
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Caroline Robert
- Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Melanoma Unit, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Keith Flaherty
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eduard Gasal
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Dummer R, Hauschild A, Santinami M, Atkinson V, Mandalà M, Chiarion-Sileni V, Larkin JMG, Nyakas M, Dutriaux C, Haydon AM, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Aimone P, Mookerjee B, Campbell CD, Garrett J, Brase JC, Kefford R, Kirkwood JM, Long GV. Mutational and immune gene expression profiling at relapse in patients (pts) treated with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib (D + T) or placebo (pbo) in the COMBI-AD trial. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.9574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Dummer
- University Hospital Zürich Skin Cancer Center, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Victoria Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, University of Queensland, Qld, Australia
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Nyakas
- Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Dutriaux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Garrett
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Richard Kefford
- Macquarie University, Melanoma Institute Australia, Westmead Hospital, and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Mater Hospital, and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Dagogo-Jack I, Brannon AR, Ferris LA, Campbell CD, Lin JJ, Schultz KR, Ackil J, Stevens S, Dardaei L, Yoda S, Hubbeling H, Digumarthy SR, Riester M, Hata AN, Sequist LV, Lennes IT, Iafrate AJ, Heist RS, Azzoli CG, Farago AF, Engelman JA, Lennerz JK, Benes CH, Leary RJ, Shaw AT, Gainor JF. Tracking the Evolution of Resistance to ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through Longitudinal Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 29376144 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose ALK rearrangements predict for sensitivity to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, responses to ALK TKIs are generally short-lived. Serial molecular analysis is an informative strategy for identifying genetic mediators of resistance. Although multiple studies support the clinical benefits of repeat tissue sampling, the clinical utility of longitudinal circulating tumor DNA analysis has not been established in ALK-positive lung cancer. Methods Using a 566-gene hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay, we performed longitudinal analysis of plasma specimens from 22 ALK-positive patients with acquired resistance to ALK TKIs to track the evolution of resistance during treatment. To determine tissue-plasma concordance, we compared plasma findings to results of repeat biopsies. Results At progression, we detected an ALK fusion in plasma from 19 (86%) of 22 patients, and identified ALK resistance mutations in plasma specimens from 11 (50%) patients. There was 100% agreement between tissue- and plasma-detected ALK fusions. Among 16 cases where contemporaneous plasma and tissue specimens were available, we observed 100% concordance between ALK mutation calls. ALK mutations emerged and disappeared during treatment with sequential ALK TKIs, suggesting that plasma mutation profiles were dependent on the specific TKI administered. ALK G1202R, the most frequent plasma mutation detected after progression on a second-generation TKI, was consistently suppressed during treatment with lorlatinib. Conclusions Plasma genotyping by NGS is an effective method for detecting ALK fusions and ALK mutations in patients progressing on ALK TKIs. The correlation between plasma ALK mutations and response to distinct ALK TKIs highlights the potential for plasma analysis to guide selection of ALK-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rose Brannon
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lorin A Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jessica J Lin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jennifer Ackil
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Satoshi Yoda
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Harper Hubbeling
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Inga T Lennes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Anna F Farago
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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15
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Mirzaa GM, Campbell CD, Solovieff N, Goold C, Jansen LA, Menon S, Timms AE, Conti V, Biag JD, Adams C, Boyle EA, Collins S, Ishak G, Poliachik S, Girisha KM, Yeung KS, Chung BHY, Rahikkala E, Gunter SA, McDaniel SS, Macmurdo CF, Bernstein JA, Martin B, Leary R, Mahan S, Liu S, Weaver M, Doerschner M, Jhangiani S, Muzny DM, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Shendure J, Saneto RP, Novotny EJ, Wilson CJ, Sellers WR, Morrissey M, Hevner RF, Ojemann JG, Guerrini R, Murphy LO, Winckler W, Dobyns WB. Association of MTOR Mutations With Developmental Brain Disorders, Including Megalencephaly, Focal Cortical Dysplasia, and Pigmentary Mosaicism. JAMA Neurol 2017; 73:836-845. [PMID: 27159400 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), hemimegalencephaly, and megalencephaly constitute a spectrum of malformations of cortical development with shared neuropathologic features. These disorders are associated with significant childhood morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying molecular cause of FCD, hemimegalencephaly, and diffuse megalencephaly. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Patients with FCD, hemimegalencephaly, or megalencephaly (mean age, 11.7 years; range, 2-32 years) were recruited from Pediatric Hospital A. Meyer, the University of Hong Kong, and Seattle Children's Research Institute from June 2012 to June 2014. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 8 children with FCD or hemimegalencephaly using standard-depth (50-60X) sequencing in peripheral samples (blood, saliva, or skin) from the affected child and their parents and deep (150-180X) sequencing in affected brain tissue. Targeted sequencing and WES were used to screen 93 children with molecularly unexplained diffuse or focal brain overgrowth. Histopathologic and functional assays of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT (serine/threonine kinase)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activity in resected brain tissue and cultured neurons were performed to validate mutations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Whole-exome sequencing and targeted sequencing identified variants associated with this spectrum of developmental brain disorders. RESULTS Low-level mosaic mutations of MTOR were identified in brain tissue in 4 children with FCD type 2a with alternative allele fractions ranging from 0.012 to 0.086. Intermediate-level mosaic mutation of MTOR (p.Thr1977Ile) was also identified in 3 unrelated children with diffuse megalencephaly and pigmentary mosaicism in skin. Finally, a constitutional de novo mutation of MTOR (p.Glu1799Lys) was identified in 3 unrelated children with diffuse megalencephaly and intellectual disability. Molecular and functional analysis in 2 children with FCD2a from whom multiple affected brain tissue samples were available revealed a mutation gradient with an epicenter in the most epileptogenic area. When expressed in cultured neurons, all MTOR mutations identified here drive constitutive activation of mTOR complex 1 and enlarged neuronal size. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, mutations of MTOR were associated with a spectrum of brain overgrowth phenotypes extending from FCD type 2a to diffuse megalencephaly, distinguished by different mutations and levels of mosaicism. These mutations may be sufficient to cause cellular hypertrophy in cultured neurons and may provide a demonstration of the pattern of mosaicism in brain and substantiate the link between mosaic mutations of MTOR and pigmentary mosaicism in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Nadia Solovieff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Carleton Goold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Laura A Jansen
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suchithra Menon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Valerio Conti
- Paediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, and Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan D Biag
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Carissa Adams
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan August Boyle
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sarah Collins
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gisele Ishak
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandra Poliachik
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kit San Yeung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Hon Yin Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- PEDEGO Research Group and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Sonya A Gunter
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sharon S McDaniel
- Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Colleen Forsyth Macmurdo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Beth Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca Leary
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Scott Mahan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Shanming Liu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Molly Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Doerschner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Edward J Novotny
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert F Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Paediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, and Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leon O Murphy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Wendy Winckler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Riester M, Singh AP, Brannon AR, Yu K, Campbell CD, Chiang DY, Morrissey MP. PureCN: copy number calling and SNV classification using targeted short read sequencing. Source Code Biol Med 2016; 11:13. [PMID: 27999612 PMCID: PMC5157099 DOI: 10.1186/s13029-016-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Matched sequencing of both tumor and normal tissue is routinely used to classify variants of uncertain significance (VUS) into somatic vs. germline. However, assays used in molecular diagnostics focus on known somatic alterations in cancer genes and often only sequence tumors. Therefore, an algorithm that reliably classifies variants would be helpful for retrospective exploratory analyses. Contamination of tumor samples with normal cells results in differences in expected allelic fractions of germline and somatic variants, which can be exploited to accurately infer genotypes after adjusting for local copy number. However, existing algorithms for determining tumor purity, ploidy and copy number are not designed for unmatched short read sequencing data. Results We describe a methodology and corresponding open source software for estimating tumor purity, copy number, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and contamination, and for classification of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) by somatic status and clonality. This R package, PureCN, is optimized for targeted short read sequencing data, integrates well with standard somatic variant detection pipelines, and has support for matched and unmatched tumor samples. Accuracy is demonstrated on simulated data and on real whole exome sequencing data. Conclusions Our algorithm provides accurate estimates of tumor purity and ploidy, even if matched normal samples are not available. This in turn allows accurate classification of SNVs. The software is provided as open source (Artistic License 2.0) R/Bioconductor package PureCN (http://bioconductor.org/packages/PureCN/). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13029-016-0060-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Angad P Singh
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - A Rose Brannon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Kun Yu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - Derek Y Chiang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA USA
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17
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Mohajeri K, Cantsilieris S, Huddleston J, Nelson BJ, Coe BP, Campbell CD, Baker C, Harshman L, Munson KM, Kronenberg ZN, Kremitzki M, Raja A, Catacchio CR, Graves TA, Wilson RK, Ventura M, Eichler EE. Interchromosomal core duplicons drive both evolutionary instability and disease susceptibility of the Chromosome 8p23.1 region. Genome Res 2016; 26:1453-1467. [PMID: 27803192 PMCID: PMC5088589 DOI: 10.1101/gr.211284.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent rearrangements of Chromosome 8p23.1 are associated with congenital heart defects and developmental delay. The complexity of this region has led to inconsistencies in the current reference assembly, confounding studies of genetic variation. Using comparative sequence-based approaches, we generated a high-quality 6.3-Mbp alternate reference assembly of an inverted Chromosome 8p23.1 haplotype. Comparison with nonhuman primates reveals a 746-kbp duplicative transposition and two separate inversion events that arose in the last million years of human evolution. The breakpoints associated with these rearrangements map to an ape-specific interchromosomal core duplicon that clusters at sites of evolutionary inversion (P = 7.8 × 10−5). Refinement of microdeletion breakpoints identifies a subgroup of patients that map to the same interchromosomal core involved in the evolutionary formation of the duplication blocks. Our results define a higher-order genomic instability element that has shaped the structure of specific chromosomes during primate evolution contributing to rearrangements associated with inversion and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Mohajeri
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Stuart Cantsilieris
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - John Huddleston
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Bradley P Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Catarina D Campbell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Carl Baker
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lana Harshman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Katherine M Munson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Zev N Kronenberg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Milinn Kremitzki
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Archana Raja
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Tina A Graves
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mario Ventura
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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18
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Pino-Yanes M, Gignoux CR, Galanter JM, Levin AM, Campbell CD, Eng C, Huntsman S, Nishimura KK, Gourraud PA, Mohajeri K, O'Roak BJ, Hu D, Mathias RA, Nguyen EA, Roth LA, Padhukasahasram B, Moreno-Estrada A, Sandoval K, Winkler CA, Lurmann F, Davis A, Farber HJ, Meade K, Avila PC, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Ford JG, Lenoir MA, Thyne SM, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Borrell LN, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Sen S, Kumar R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Bustamante CD, Martinez FD, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Nicolae DL, Ober C, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Mack SJ, Hernandez RD, Eichler EE, Barnes KC, Williams LK, Torgerson DG, Burchard EG. Genome-wide association study and admixture mapping reveal new loci associated with total IgE levels in Latinos. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1502-10. [PMID: 25488688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE is a key mediator of allergic inflammation, and its levels are frequently increased in patients with allergic disorders. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify genetic variants associated with IgE levels in Latinos. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study and admixture mapping of total IgE levels in 3334 Latinos from the Genes-environments & Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) study. Replication was evaluated in 454 Latinos, 1564 European Americans, and 3187 African Americans from independent studies. RESULTS We confirmed associations of 6 genes identified by means of previous genome-wide association studies and identified a novel genome-wide significant association of a polymorphism in the zinc finger protein 365 gene (ZNF365) with total IgE levels (rs200076616, P = 2.3 × 10(-8)). We next identified 4 admixture mapping peaks (6p21.32-p22.1, 13p22-31, 14q23.2, and 22q13.1) at which local African, European, and/or Native American ancestry was significantly associated with IgE levels. The most significant peak was 6p21.32-p22.1, where Native American ancestry was associated with lower IgE levels (P = 4.95 × 10(-8)). All but 22q13.1 were replicated in an independent sample of Latinos, and 2 of the peaks were replicated in African Americans (6p21.32-p22.1 and 14q23.2). Fine mapping of 6p21.32-p22.1 identified 6 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms in Latinos, 2 of which replicated in European Americans. Another single nucleotide polymorphism was peak-wide significant within 14q23.2 in African Americans (rs1741099, P = 3.7 × 10(-6)) and replicated in non-African American samples (P = .011). CONCLUSION We confirmed genetic associations at 6 genes and identified novel associations within ZNF365, HLA-DQA1, and 14q23.2. Our results highlight the importance of studying diverse multiethnic populations to uncover novel loci associated with total IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pino-Yanes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Joshua M Galanter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | | | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | - Kiana Mohajeri
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Molecular & Medical Genetics Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Lindsey A Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Badri Padhukasahasram
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | | | - Karla Sandoval
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | | | - Adam Davis
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif
| | - Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Kelley Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Rocio Chapela
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean G Ford
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Shannon M Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Public Health, City University of New York, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Children's Memorial Hospital and the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Fernando D Martinez
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Dan L Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Steven J Mack
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, Calif
| | - Ryan D Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich; Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
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19
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Campbell CD, Mohajeri K, Malig M, Hormozdiari F, Nelson B, Du G, Patterson KM, Eng C, Torgerson DG, Hu D, Herman C, Chong JX, Ko A, O'Roak BJ, Krumm N, Vives L, Lee C, Roth LA, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Rodriguez-Santana J, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Davis A, Meade K, LeNoir MA, Thyne S, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Shendure J, Abney M, Burchard EG, Ober C, Eichler EE. Whole-genome sequencing of individuals from a founder population identifies candidate genes for asthma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104396. [PMID: 25116239 PMCID: PMC4130548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex genetic disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. We sought to test classes of genetic variants largely missed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including copy number variants (CNVs) and low-frequency variants, by performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 16 individuals from asthma-enriched and asthma-depleted families. The samples were obtained from an extended 13-generation Hutterite pedigree with reduced genetic heterogeneity due to a small founding gene pool and reduced environmental heterogeneity as a result of a communal lifestyle. We sequenced each individual to an average depth of 13-fold, generated a comprehensive catalog of genetic variants, and tested the most severe mutations for association with asthma. We identified and validated 1960 CNVs, 19 nonsense or splice-site single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and 18 insertions or deletions that were out of frame. As follow-up, we performed targeted sequencing of 16 genes in 837 cases and 540 controls of Puerto Rican ancestry and found that controls carry a significantly higher burden of mutations in IL27RA (2.0% of controls; 0.23% of cases; nominal p = 0.004; Bonferroni p = 0.21). We also genotyped 593 CNVs in 1199 Hutterite individuals. We identified a nominally significant association (p = 0.03; Odds ratio (OR) = 3.13) between a 6 kbp deletion in an intron of NEDD4L and increased risk of asthma. We genotyped this deletion in an additional 4787 non-Hutterite individuals (nominal p = 0.056; OR = 1.69). NEDD4L is expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, and conditional knockout of this gene in the lung in mice leads to severe inflammation and mucus accumulation. Our study represents one of the early instances of applying WGS to complex disease with a large environmental component and demonstrates how WGS can identify risk variants, including CNVs and low-frequency variants, largely untested in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D. Campbell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kiana Mohajeri
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maika Malig
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fereydoun Hormozdiari
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Nelson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gaixin Du
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Patterson
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Dara G. Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Herman
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian J. O'Roak
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Niklas Krumm
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura Vives
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Choli Lee
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lindsey A. Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, Kaiser Permanente-Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, California, United States of America
| | - Adam Davis
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Kelley Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | | | - Shannon Thyne
- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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20
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Abstract
All genetic variation arises via new mutations; therefore, determining the rate and biases for different classes of mutation is essential for understanding the genetics of human disease and evolution. Decades of mutation rate analyses have focused on a relatively small number of loci because of technical limitations. However, advances in sequencing technology have allowed for empirical assessments of genome-wide rates of mutation. Recent studies have shown that 76% of new mutations originate in the paternal lineage and provide unequivocal evidence for an increase in mutation with paternal age. Although most analyses have focused on single nucleotide variants (SNVs), studies have begun to provide insight into the mutation rate for other classes of variation, including copy number variants (CNVs), microsatellites, and mobile element insertions (MEIs). Here, we review the genome-wide analyses for the mutation rate of several types of variants and suggest areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195
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21
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Campbell CD, Chong JX, Malig M, Ko A, Dumont BL, Han L, Vives L, O’Roak BJ, Sudmant PH, Shendure J, Abney M, Ober C, Eichler EE. Estimating the human mutation rate using autozygosity in a founder population. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1277-81. [PMID: 23001126 PMCID: PMC3483378 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the rate and pattern of new mutation is critical to the understanding of human disease and evolution. We used extensive autozygosity in a genealogically well-defined population of Hutterites to estimate the human sequence mutation rate over multiple generations. We sequenced whole genomes from 5 parent-offspring trios and identified 44 segments of autozygosity. Using the number of meioses separating each pair of autozygous alleles and the 72 validated heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) from 512 Mb of autozygous DNA, we obtained an SNV mutation rate of 1.20 × 10(-8) (95% confidence interval 0.89-1.43 × 10(-8)) mutations per base pair per generation. The mutation rate for bases within CpG dinucleotides (9.72 × 10(-8)) was 9.5-fold that of non-CpG bases, and there was strong evidence (P = 2.67 × 10(-4)) for a paternal bias in the origin of new mutations (85% paternal). We observed a non-uniform distribution of heterozygous SNVs (both newly identified and known) in the autozygous segments (P = 0.001), which is suggestive of mutational hotspots or sites of long-range gene conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Maika Malig
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Beth L. Dumont
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Lide Han
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Laura Vives
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Brian J. O’Roak
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Peter H. Sudmant
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195
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22
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Steinberg KM, Antonacci F, Sudmant PH, Kidd JM, Campbell CD, Vives L, Malig M, Scheinfeldt L, Beggs W, Ibrahim M, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Omar SA, Bodo JM, Froment A, Donnelly MP, Kidd KK, Tishkoff SA, Eichler EE. Structural diversity and African origin of the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism. Nat Genet 2012; 44:872-80. [PMID: 22751100 PMCID: PMC3408829 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism exists either as direct (H1) or inverted (H2) haplotypes with differential predispositions to disease and selection. We investigated its genetic diversity in 2,700 individuals, with an emphasis on African populations. We characterize eight structural haplotypes due to complex rearrangements that vary in size from 1.08-1.49 Mb and provide evidence for a 30-kb H1-H2 double recombination event. We show that recurrent partial duplications of the KANSL1 gene have occurred on both the H1 and H2 haplotypes and have risen to high frequency in European populations. We identify a likely ancestral H2 haplotype (H2') lacking these duplications that is enriched among African hunter-gatherer groups yet essentially absent from West African populations. Whereas H1 and H2 segmental duplications arose independently and before human migration out of Africa, they have reached high frequencies recently among Europeans, either because of extraordinary genetic drift or selective sweeps.
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23
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Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) play an important role in human disease and population diversity. Advancements in technology have allowed for the analysis of CNVs in thousands of individuals with disease in addition to thousands of controls. These studies have identified rare CNVs associated with neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability. In addition, copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) are present at higher frequencies in the population, show high diversity in copy number, sequence, and structure, and have been associated with multiple phenotypes, primarily related to immune or environmental response. However, the landscape of copy number variation still remains largely unexplored, especially for smaller CNVs and those embedded within complex regions of the human genome. An integrated approach including characterization of single nucleotide variants and CNVs in a large number of individuals with disease and normal genomes holds the promise of thoroughly elucidating the genetic basis of human disease and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Genome Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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24
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MacConaill LE, Campbell CD, Kehoe SM, Bass AJ, Hatton C, Niu L, Davis M, Yao K, Hanna M, Mondal C, Luongo L, Emery CM, Baker AC, Philips J, Goff DJ, Fiorentino M, Rubin MA, Polyak K, Chan J, Wang Y, Fletcher JA, Santagata S, Corso G, Roviello F, Shivdasani R, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Stiles CD, Hahn WC, Meyerson ML, Garraway LA. Profiling critical cancer gene mutations in clinical tumor samples. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7887. [PMID: 19924296 PMCID: PMC2774511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of critical cancer gene mutations in clinical tumor specimens may predict patient outcomes and inform treatment options; however, high-throughput mutation profiling remains underdeveloped as a diagnostic approach. We report the implementation of a genotyping and validation algorithm that enables robust tumor mutation profiling in the clinical setting. METHODOLOGY We developed and implemented an optimized mutation profiling platform ("OncoMap") to interrogate approximately 400 mutations in 33 known oncogenes and tumor suppressors, many of which are known to predict response or resistance to targeted therapies. The performance of OncoMap was analyzed using DNA derived from both frozen and FFPE clinical material in a diverse set of cancer types. A subsequent in-depth analysis was conducted on histologically and clinically annotated pediatric gliomas. The sensitivity and specificity of OncoMap were 93.8% and 100% in fresh frozen tissue; and 89.3% and 99.4% in FFPE-derived DNA. We detected known mutations at the expected frequencies in common cancers, as well as novel mutations in adult and pediatric cancers that are likely to predict heightened response or resistance to existing or developmental cancer therapies. OncoMap profiles also support a new molecular stratification of pediatric low-grade gliomas based on BRAF mutations that may have immediate clinical impact. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the clinical feasibility of high-throughput mutation profiling to query a large panel of "actionable" cancer gene mutations. In the future, this type of approach may be incorporated into both cancer epidemiologic studies and clinical decision making to specify the use of many targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catarina D. Campbell
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Kehoe
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles Hatton
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lili Niu
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matt Davis
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keluo Yao
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan Hanna
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chandrani Mondal
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren Luongo
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Emery
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alissa C. Baker
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juliet Philips
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Goff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Chan
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gianni Corso
- Surgical Oncology and Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Translational Research Laboratory Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Surgical Oncology and Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Translational Research Laboratory Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | - Ramesh Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Kieran
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Stiles
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William C. Hahn
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Meyerson
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Abstract
There are widespread, genetically determined differences in gene expression. However, methods that compare transcript levels between individuals are subject to trans-acting effects and environmental differences. By looking at allele-specific expression in the F1 progeny of inbred mice, we can directly test for allelic imbalance (AI), which must be due to cis-acting variants in the parental strains. We tested over one hundred genes for AI between C57Bl/6J and A/J alleles in F1 mice, including a validation set of 23 genes enriched for cis-acting variants and a second set of 92 genes whose orthologs were previously examined for AI in humans. We assayed an average of two transcribed SNPs per gene in liver, spleen, and brain from three male and three female F1 mice. In the set of 92 genes, we observed 33 genes (36%) with significant AI including genes with AI that was specific to certain tissues or transcripts. We also observed extensive tissue-specific AI, with 11 out of 92 genes (12%) having differences in AI between tissues. Interestingly, several genes with alternate transcripts have transcript-specific AI. Finally, we observed that the presence of AI in human genes was correlated to the presence of AI in the mouse orthologs (one-tailed P = 0.003), suggesting that certain genes may be more tolerant of cis-acting variation across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D Campbell
- Program in Genomics and Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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26
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Campbell CD, Lyon HN, Nemesh J, Drake JA, Tuomi T, Gaudet D, Zhu X, Cooper RS, Ardlie KG, Groop LC, Hirschhorn JN. Association studies of BMI and type 2 diabetes in the neuropeptide Y pathway: a possible role for NPY2R as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes in men. Diabetes 2007; 56:1460-7. [PMID: 17325259 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides and receptors regulate food intake. Inherited variation in this pathway could influence susceptibility to obesity and its complications, including type 2 diabetes. We genotyped a set of 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture the most common variation in NPY, PPY, PYY, NPY1R, NPY2R, and NPY5R in 2,800 individuals of recent European ancestry drawn from the near extremes of BMI distribution. Five SNPs located upstream of NPY2R were nominally associated with BMI in men (P values = 0.001-0.009, odds ratios [ORs] 1.27-1.34). No association with BMI was observed in women, and no consistent associations were observed for other genes in this pathway. We attempted to replicate the association with BMI in 2,500 men and tested these SNPs for association with type 2 diabetes in 8,000 samples. We observed association with BMI in men in only one replication sample and saw no association in the combined replication samples (P = 0.154, OR = 1.09). Finally, a 9% haplotype was associated with type 2 diabetes in men (P = 1.73 x 10(-4), OR = 1.36) and not in women. Variation in this pathway likely does not have a major influence on BMI, although small effects cannot be ruled out; NPY2R should be considered a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D Campbell
- Program in Genomics and Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 021115, USA
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27
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Campbell CD, Marshall DAS. A case of Budd-Chiari Syndrome presenting in a lady with newly diagnosed Churg-Strauss Syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46:890. [PMID: 17392288 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Saari TA, Saari SK, Campbell CD, Alexander IJ, Anderson IC. FragMatch--a program for the analysis of DNA fragment data. Mycorrhiza 2007; 17:133-136. [PMID: 17226045 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-006-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
FragMatch is a user-friendly Java-supported program that automates the identification of taxa present in mixed samples by comparing community DNA fragment data against a database of reference patterns for known species. The program has a user-friendly Windows interface and was primarily designed for the analysis of fragment data derived from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but may be adapted for other applications such as microsatellite analyses. The program uses a simple algorithm to check for the presence of reference fragments within sample files that can be directly imported, and the results appear in a clear summary table that also details the parameters that were used for the analysis. This program is significantly more flexible than earlier programs designed for matching RFLP patterns as it allows default or user-defined parameters to be used in the analysis and has an unlimited database size in terms of both the number of reference species/individuals and the number of diagnostic fragments per database entry. Although the program has been developed with mycorrhizal fungi in mind, it can be used to analyse any DNA fragment data regardless of biological origin. FragMatch, along with a full description and users guide, is freely available to download from the Aberdeen Mycorrhiza Group web page (http://www.aberdeenmycorrhizas.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Saari
- Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1000, 02015, Espoo, Finland
| | - S K Saari
- The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - C D Campbell
- The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - I J Alexander
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - I C Anderson
- The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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29
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Dawson JJC, Campbell CD, Towers W, Cameron CM, Paton GI. Linking biosensor responses to Cd, Cu and Zn partitioning in soils. Environ Pollut 2006; 142:493-500. [PMID: 16325972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soils bind heavy metals according to fundamental physico-chemical parameters. Bioassays, using bacterial biosensors, were performed in pore waters extracted from 19 contrasting soils individually amended with Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations related to the EU Sewage Sludge Directive. The biosensors were responsive to pore waters extracted from Zn amended soils but less so to those of Cu and showed no toxicity to pore water Cd at these environmentally relevant amended concentrations. Across the range of soils, the solid-solution heavy metal partitioning coefficient (K(d)) decreased (p<0.01) with increasing amendments of Cu and Zn; Cu exhibited the highest K(d) values. Gompertz functions of Cu and Zn, K(d) values against luminescence explained the relationship between heavy metals and biosensors. Consequently, biosensors provide a link between biologically defined hazard assessments of metals and standard soil-metal physico-chemical parameters for determining critical metal loadings in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J C Dawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
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30
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Yang Y, Campbell CD, Clark L, Cameron CM, Paterson E. Microbial indicators of heavy metal contamination in urban and rural soils. Chemosphere 2006; 63:1942-52. [PMID: 16310826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Urban soils and especially their microbiology have been a neglected area of study. In this paper, we report on microbial properties of urban soils compared to rural soils of similar lithogenic origin in the vicinity of Aberdeen city. Significant differences in basal respiration rates, microbial biomass and ecophysiological parameters were found in urban soils compared to rural soils. Analysis of community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of micro-organisms showed they consumed C sources faster in urban soils to maintain the same level activity as those in rural soils. Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni were the principal elements that had accumulated in urban soils compared with their rural counterparts with Pb being the most significant metal to distinguish urban soils from rural soils. Sequential extraction showed the final residue after extraction was normally the highest proportion except for Pb, for which the hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extractable Pb was the largest part. Acetic acid extractable fraction of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were higher in urban soils and aqua regia extractable fraction were lower suggesting an elevated availability of heavy metals in urban soils. Correlation analyses between different microbial indicators (basal respiration, biomass-C, and sole C source tests) and heavy metal fractions indicated that basal respiration was negatively correlated with soil Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn inputs while soil microbial biomass was only significantly correlated with Pb. However, both exchangeable and iron- and manganese-bound Ni fractions were mostly responsible for shift of the soil microbial community level physiological profiles (sole C source tests). These data suggest soil microbial indicators can be useful indicators of pollutant heavy metal stress on the health of urban soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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31
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Campbell CD, Ganesh J, Ficicioglu C. Two newborns with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency: challenges in newborn screening for vitamin B12 deficiency. Haematologica 2005; 90:ECR45. [PMID: 16464760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes decreased Methionine Synthase and L-Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase activity and results in accumulation of Homocysteine, Methylmalonic acid and Propionylcarnitine. Propionylcarnitine is included in tandem mass spectrometry-based newborn screening programs for detection of certain inborn errors of metabolism. We report two asymptomatic newborns with Vitamin B12 deficiency due to maternal deficiencies. One was detected incidentally at 3 weeks of age; the second on supplemental newborn screening based on elevated Propionylcarnitine at 2 days of age. This illustrates the potential for false negative results for Vitamin B12 deficiency screening by acylcarnitine profiling in newborn screening. Homocysteine and Methylmalonic acid may be better markers of Vitamin B12 deficiency. In conclusion, we suggest measuring Methylmalonic acid, Propionylcarnitine and Homocysteine levels in blood spots in expanded newborn screening in order to detect asymptomatic newborns with Vitamin B12 deficiency. Further studies are needed to establish the sensitivity of these three markers in screening for Vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Campbell
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Section of Metabolism, PA 19104, USA
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32
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Campbell CD, Ogburn EL, Lunetta KL, Lyon HN, Freedman ML, Groop LC, Altshuler D, Ardlie KG, Hirschhorn JN. Demonstrating stratification in a European American population. Nat Genet 2005; 37:868-72. [PMID: 16041375 DOI: 10.1038/ng1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Population stratification occurs in case-control association studies when allele frequencies differ between cases and controls because of ancestry. Stratification may lead to false positive associations, although this issue remains controversial. Empirical studies have found little evidence of stratification in European-derived populations, but potentially significant levels of stratification could not be ruled out. We studied a European American panel discordant for height, a heritable trait that varies widely across Europe. Genotyping 178 SNPs and applying standard analytical methods yielded no evidence of stratification. But a SNP in the gene LCT that varies widely in frequency across Europe was strongly associated with height (P < 10(-6)). This apparent association was largely or completely due to stratification; rematching individuals on the basis of European ancestry greatly reduced the apparent association, and no association was observed in Polish or Scandinavian individuals. The failure of standard methods to detect this stratification indicates that new methods may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D Campbell
- Program in Genomics and Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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33
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Abstract
The relationships between bacterial community diversity and stability were investigated by perturbing soils, with naturally differing levels of diversity, to equivalent toxicity using copper sulfate and benzene. Benzene amendment led to large decreases in total bacterial numbers and biomass in both soils. Benzene amendment of an organo-mineral/improved pasture soil altered total soil bacterial community structure but, unlike amendment of the mineral/arable soil, maintained genetic diversity, based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis targeting DNA and RNA, until week 9 of the perturbation experiment. Assuming equivalent toxicity, the genetic diversity of the naturally more diverse soil was more resistant to benzene perturbation than the less diverse soil. The broad scale function (mineralization of 14C-labelled wheat shoot) of both benzene- and copper-treated soil communities was unaffected. However, narrow niche function (mineralization of 14C-labelled 2,4-dichlorophenol) was impaired for both benzene-polluted soils. The organo-mineral soil recovered this function by the end of the experiment but the mineral soil did not, suggesting greater resilience in the more diverse soil. Despite a large reduction in bacterial numbers and biomass in the copper-treated soils, only small differences in bacterial community diversity were observed by week 9 in the copper-polluted soils. The overall community structure was little altered and functionality, measured by mineralization rates, remained unchanged. This suggested a non-selective pressure and a degree of genetic and functional resistance to copper perturbation, despite a significant reduction in bacterial numbers and biomass. However, initial shifts in physiological profiles of both copper-polluted soils were observed but rapidly returned to those of the controls. This apparent functional recovery, accompanied by an increase in culturability, possibly reflects adaptation by the surviving communities to perturbation. The findings indicate that, although soil communities may be robust, relationships between diversity and stability need to be considered in developing a predictive understanding of response to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Girvan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
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34
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Saari SK, Campbell CD, Russell J, Alexander IJ, Anderson IC. Pine microsatellite markers allow roots and ectomycorrhizas to be linked to individual trees. New Phytol 2005; 165:295-304. [PMID: 15720641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Linking roots and ectomycorrhizas (EcM) to individual host trees in the field is required to test whether individual trees support different ectomycorrhizal communities. Here we describe a method that identifies the source of EcM roots by PCR of polymorphic pine nuclear microsatellite loci using fluorescently labelled primers and high-throughput fragment analysis. ITS-PCR can also be performed on the same EcM DNA extract for fungal identification. The method was tested on five neighbouring Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var scotica) trees in native woodland. Successful host tree identification from DNA extracts of EcM root tips was achieved for 93% of all root fragments recovered from soil cores. It was estimated that each individual mature pine sampled was colonised by between 15 and 19 EcM fungi. The most abundant fungal species were found on all five trees, and within the constraints of the sampling scheme, no differences between trees in EcM fungal community structure or composition were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Saari
- The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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35
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Abstract
AIMS To study the comparative effect of diesel addition and simulated bioremediation on the microbial community in three different soil types. METHODS AND RESULTS Three different soils were amended with diesel and bioremediation treatment simulated by addition of nutrients. The progress of bioremediation, and the effect on the indigenous microbial communities, was monitored using microbiological techniques. These included basal respiration, sole carbon source utilization patterns using both a commercially-available substrate set and a set designed to highlight changes in hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling. The development of active hydrocarbon-degrading communities was indicated by the disappearance of diesel, increases in soil respiration and biomass, and large changes in the sole carbon source utilization patterns and PLFA profiles compared with control soils. However, comparison of the relative community structure of the three soils using PLFA profiling showed that there was no tendency for the community structure of the three different soil types to converge as a result of contamination. In fact, they became more dissimilar as a result. Changes in the sole carbon source utilization patterns using the commercially-available set of carbon sources indicated the same result as shown by PLFA profiling. The specially selected set of carbon sources yielded no additional information compared with the commercially-available set. CONCLUSIONS Diesel contamination does not result in the development of similar community profiles in different soil types. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results suggest that different soils have different inherent microbial potential to degrade hydrocarbons, a finding that should be taken into account in impact and risk assessments. Following the development of the microbial community and its recovery is a useful and sensitive way of monitoring the impact and recovery of oil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Bundy
- University of Aberdeen, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Aberdeen, UK.
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36
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Millar JG, Millar JG, Paine TD, Campbell CD, Hanks LM. Methods for rearing Syngaster lepidus and Jarra phoracantha (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), larval parasitoids of the phloem-colonizing longhorned beetles Phoracantha semipunctata and P. recurva (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Bull Entomol Res 2002; 92:141-146. [PMID: 12020372 DOI: 10.1079/ber2002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two species of cerambycid beetles that attack eucalypts, Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius) and P. recurva Newman, have been accidentally introduced from Australia into most regions of the world in which their hosts have been planted. The beetles cause extensive mortality in plantations and landscape plantings of the trees. Management programmes have focused on integration of silvicultural practices, host plant resistance and biological control. To rear and release natural enemies of the larval stages of the beetles in California, mass rearing protocols for continuous production of two species of parasitoids have been developed. The methods described represent the first long-term and large-scale techniques for mass rearing parasitoids of any wood-boring cerambycid species. In addition to providing large numbers of parasitoids for releases, the mass rearing effort has also provided large numbers of parasitoids for fundamental studies of their biology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (order Glomales), which form mycorrhizal symbioses with two out of three of all plant species, are believed to be obligate biotrophs that are wholly dependent on the plant partner for their carbon supply. It is thought that they possess no degradative capability and that they are unable to decompose complex organic molecules, the form in which most soil nutrients occur. Earlier suggestions that they could exist saprotrophically were based on observation of hyphal proliferation on organic materials. In contrast, other mycorrhizal types have been shown to acquire nitrogen directly from organic sources. Here we show that the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis can both enhance decomposition of and increase nitrogen capture from complex organic material (grass leaves) in soil. Hyphal growth of the fungal partner was increased in the presence of the organic material, independently of the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hodge
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW, UK.
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Weitz HJ, Ballard AL, Campbell CD, Killham K. The effect of culture conditions on the mycelial growth and luminescence of naturally bioluminescent fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 202:165-70. [PMID: 11520609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of temperature, light and pH on mycelial growth and luminescence of four naturally bioluminescent fungi were investigated. Cultures of Armillaria mellea, Mycena citricolor, Omphalotus olearius and Panellus stipticus were grown at 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 22 degrees C and 30 degrees C, under 24 h light, 12 h light/12 h dark and 24 h dark, and at a pH ranging from 3.5 to 7 in three separate experiments. Temperature and pH had a significant effect on mycelial growth and bioluminescence, however light did not. Bioluminescence and mycelial growth were optimum at 22 degrees C and pH 3-3.5, the exception being M. citricolor for which bioluminescence and growth were optimum at pH 5-6 and pH 4, respectively. With the exception of M. citricolor, bioluminescence and mycelial growth were greater under 24 h darkness. An understanding of the effect of culture conditions on mycelial growth and luminescence is necessary for the future application of bioluminescent fungi as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Weitz
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
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39
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Bundy JG, Campbell CD, Paton GI. Comparison of response of six different luminescent bacterial bioassays to bioremediation of five contrasting oils. J Environ Monit 2001; 3:404-10. [PMID: 11523441 DOI: 10.1039/b103104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of six different bioluminescent bacteria for the assessment of oil bioremediation was compared. Three contained lux genes linked to promoters from hydrocarbon degradation pathways: Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44 (pUTK21), Escherichia coli HMS174 (pOS25) and E. coli DH5 alpha (pGEc74, pJAMA7), responding to naphthalene, isopropylbenzene and octane, respectively. The other three expressed lux constitutively: E. coli HB101 (pUCD607) and P. putida F1 (pUCD607) are genetically engineered, while Vibrio fischeri is naturally bioluminescent and was included to facilitate comparison with previous work. Five different oils (four crude oils plus diesel) were spiked into soil, and the progress of remediation was followed over a period of 119 d by monitoring both hydrocarbon disappearance and changes in the microbial response to soil extracts. The octane bioassay was the only one of the hydrocarbon-responsive bacterial assays to show any appreciable response, with up to 20-fold induction by light crude oils. Heavy crude oil and diesel elicited a much weaker response. The metabolic (lux constitutively expressed) bioassays showed that there was a general increase in toxicity over the course of the experiment, although toxicity to E. coli HB101 (pUCD607) appeared to be decreasing by the final sampling point. The metabolic bioassay response was much less variable between the different oils than for the first three, catabolic, strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Bundy
- University of Aberdeen, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, UK AB24 3UU.
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40
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Bundy JG, Durham DG, Paton GI, Campbell CD. Investigating the specificity of regulators of degradation of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-based compounds using structure-activity relationships. Biodegradation 2001; 11:37-47. [PMID: 11194972 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026589401824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biosensors which have genes for bioluminescence coupled to genes that control hydrocarbon degradation pathways can be used as reporters on the specificity of regulation of those pathways. Structure-activity relationships can be used to discover what governs that specificity, and can also be used to separate compounds into different groups depending on mode of action. Published data for four different bioluminescent biosensors, reporting on toluene (two separate biosensors), isopropylbenzene, and octane, were analyzed to develop structure-activity relationships between biological response and physical/chemical properties. Good QSARs (quantitative structure-activity relationships) were developed for three out of the four biosensors, with between 88 and 100 per cent of the variance explained. Parameters found to be important in controlling regulator specificity were hydrophobicity, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, and molar volume. For one of the biosensors, it was possible to show that the biological response to chemicals tested fell into three separate classes (non-hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons). A statistically significant QSAR based on hydrophobicity was developed for the fourth biosensor, but was poor in comparison to the other three (44 per cent variance explained).
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Bundy
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Bundy JG, Morriss AW, Durham DG, Campbell CD, Paton GI. Development of QSARs to investigate the bacterial toxicity and biotransformation potential of aromatic heterocylic compounds. Chemosphere 2001; 42:885-892. [PMID: 11272910 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of aromatic heterocyclic and hydrocarbon compounds were tested for toxicity and biotransformation potential against two contrasting lux-marked whole-cell microbial biosensors. Toxicity was determined by inhibition of light output of a Pseudomonas fluorescens construct that expresses lux constitutively. Biotransformation was tested by increase in light output of P. fluorescens HK44 (pUTK21), which expresses lux when in the presence of a metabolic intermediate (salicylate). The data were then modelled against physical/chemical properties of the compounds tested to see if quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) could be derived. Toxicity was found to be accurately predicted by log Kow (R2 = 0.95, Q2 = 0.88), with the basic (pyridine-ring containing) heterocycles modelled separately. The biotransformation data were best modelled using lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies (R2 = 0.90, Q2 = 0.87).
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Bundy
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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Yao H, He Z, Wilson MJ, Campbell CD. Microbial Biomass and Community Structure in a Sequence of Soils with Increasing Fertility and Changing Land Use. Microb Ecol 2000; 40:223-237. [PMID: 11080380 DOI: 10.1007/s002480000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The microbial biomass and community structure of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility and land use history was investigated. Two community based microbiological measurements, namely, community level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog sole C source utilization tests and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, were used to investigate the microbial ecology of these soils and to determine how land use alters microbial community structure. Microbial biomass-C and total PLFAs were closely correlated to organic carbon and total nitrogen, indicating that these soil microbial measures are potentially good indices of soil fertility in these highly weathered soils. Metabolic quotients and C source utilization were not correlated with organic carbon or microbial biomass. Multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization patterns and PLFAs demonstrated that land use history and plant cover type had a significant impact on microbial community structure. PLFAs showed these differences more than CLPP methods. Consequently, PLFA analysis was a better method for assessing broad-spectrum community differences and at the same time attempting to correlate changes with soil fertility. Soils from tea orchards were particularly distinctive in their CLPP. A modified CLPP method, using absorbance readings at 405 nm and different culture media at pH values of 4.7 and 7.0, showed that the discrimination obtained can be influenced by the culture conditions. This method was used to show that the distinctive microbial community structure in tea orchard soils was not, however, due to differences in pH alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yao
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Huajiachi Campus), Hangzhou 310029, China
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Campbell CD, Hird M, Lumsdon DG, Meeussen JC. The effect of EDTA and fulvic acid on Cd, Zn, and Cu toxicity to a bioluminescent construct (pUCD607) of Escherichia coli. Chemosphere 2000; 40:319-325. [PMID: 10665423 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis, that metal toxicity is dominated by free ion activity, was tested by comparing calculated metal activities with measured toxic responses to a genetically modified, luminescent bacterium, Escherichia coli. The toxicity of Cd, Cu, and Zn sulphate salts in the presence of EDTA and fulvic acid in well-defined solutions was measured. Good agreement between free metal activity and toxicity was found for Cu but not for Zn and Cd. The toxicity relationships were altered by glucose addition to the organism. Stable chloride complexes may have contributed to the toxicity of Cd under the test conditions. The results suggest that there is not always a simple relationship between toxicity and free-ion metal concentration and that further account should be taken of competitive interactions between living cells and ligands and the physiological status of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Campbell
- Soil Science Group, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK.
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Campbell CD. The Central Asylum for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, Canajoharie, New York, 1823-1835. Am Ann Deaf 1999; 144:365-372. [PMID: 10734691 DOI: 10.1353/aad.2012.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Central Asylum for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, Canajoharie, NY, was a public school for the Deaf that existed from 1823 to 1835. Little has been written about it. This study draws upon as much information as appears to be available on the history of this school. The history of the Central Asylum adds to the understanding of the beginnings of public education for the Deaf in the United States.
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McInroy SG, Campbell CD, Haukka KE, Odee DW, Sprent JI, Wang WJ, Young JP, Sutherland JM. Characterisation of rhizobia from African acacias and other tropical woody legumes using Biolog and partial 16S rRNA sequencing. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 170:111-7. [PMID: 9919659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A Biolog (sole carbon source utilisation) user database of tropical and temperature rhizobial strains was created and used in conjunction with the partial 16S rRNA sequencing method to characterise 12 rhizobial isolates from African acacias and other tropical woody legumes. There was close agreement between the two methods but also some significant discrepancies. A high degree of diversity was shown in the relatively small sample of isolates, with 4 out of 5 of the currently proposed rhizobial genera represented. This is the first time Biolog has shown congruence with genotypic fingerprinting using a wide selection of rhizobial reference and test strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G McInroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, UK.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effects of heavy-metal-containing sewage sludge on the soil microbial community were studied in two agricultural soils of different textures, which had been contaminated separately with three predominantly single metals (Cu, Zn, and Ni) at two different levels more than 20 years ago. We compared three community-based microbiological measurements, namely, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to reveal changes in species composition, the Biolog system to indicate metabolic fingerprints of microbial communities, and the thymidine incorporation technique to measure bacterial community tolerance. In the Luddington soil, bacterial community tolerance increased in all metal treatments compared to an unpolluted-sludge-treated control soil. Community tolerance to specific metals increased the most when the same metal was added to the soil; for example, tolerance to Cu increased most in Cu-polluted treatments. A dose-response effect was also evident. There were also indications of cotolerance to metals whose concentration had not been elevated by the sludge treatment. The PLFA pattern changed in all metal treatments, but the interpretation was complicated by the soil moisture content, which also affected the results. The Biolog measurements indicated similar effects of metals and moisture to the PLFA measurements, but due to high variation between replicates, no significant differences compared to the uncontaminated control were found. In the Lee Valley soil, significant increases in community tolerance were found for the high levels of Cu and Zn, while the PLFA pattern was significantly altered for the soils with high levels of Cu, Ni, and Zn. No effects on the Biolog measurements were found in this soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bååth
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden, and Soil Science Group, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Sequence variation among 10 alleles of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene of the Hawaiian drosophilid D. mimica was analyzed with reference to the evolutionary history of the Hawaiian subgroup as well as to levels and patterns of polymorphism of the Adh gene in continental drosophilid species. The Adh gene of D. mimica is less polymorphic than that of other drosophilid species, and no replacement substitutions were found. Statistical analyses of the Adh alleles suggested the action of balancing selection and revealed significant linkage disequilibrium among three of the variable sites. The effective population size was estimated to be only slightly smaller than that of continental species and, surprisingly, on the same order of magnitude as the actual size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ayala
- Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University 16802, USA.
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Gorman WF, Campbell CD. Mental acuity of the normal elderly. J Okla State Med Assoc 1995; 88:119-23. [PMID: 7760207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The elderly are persons over age 65, now comprising 12% of our population. The normal elderly function normally both in their self care, and also in their social activities of daily living, which we tabulate. The current terms for the normally functioning elderly who show only mild psychological deficits are age-associated memory impairment and age-related cognitive decline, which we define, criticize and tabulate. The psychological deficits of the elderly consist of mild generalized slowing and inaccuracies compared to normal young persons. These deficits are measured by objective psychological tests which mimic real daily living situations--the name-face test, fire alarm test, two delayed recall tests, misplaced objects test, shopping list test, and digit symbol test, which we describe. A longer early formal education is preventive of mental dulling during normal aging. Treating using overlearning, by cognitive training, is significantly beneficial.
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Campbell JP, Campbell CD, Warren DW, Prazma TU, Pillsbury HC. Comparison of the vasoconstrictive and anesthetic effects of intranasally applied cocaine vs. xylometazoline/lidocaine solution. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992; 107:697-700. [PMID: 1279502 DOI: 10.1177/019459989210700511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine solution has traditionally been the agent of choice for vasoconstriction and anesthesia when applied topically to the nasal mucosa during nasal operative procedures. Because of the relative scarcity and resulting expense of cocaine, there has arisen an impetus for an alternative intranasal solution for mucosal anesthesia and vasoconstriction. As a logical alternative, we have used a mixed solution of xylometazoline and lidocaine with reasonable results. No clinical studies comparing the efficacy of the two solutions exist, however, and there is presently no such solution commercially available. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to assess the relative efficacy of the preparations. Both solutions resulted in a marked and roughly equivalent degree of mucosal vasoconstriction (as evidenced by comparable increases in nasal airway cross-sectional area). Subjective pain ratings of mucosal pin-prick decreased a surprisingly small degree after application of both solutions. It appears that xylometazoline/lidocaine solution is comparable to cocaine solution for purposes of vasoconstriction and anesthesia during intranasal operative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Campbell
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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50
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Campbell CD, Newsome JA. Treating a lethal arrhythmia. Nursing 1992; 22:33. [PMID: 1553071 DOI: 10.1097/00152193-199202000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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