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Cantor J. Desmosine as a biomarker for the emergent properties of pulmonary emphysema. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1322283. [PMID: 38164218 PMCID: PMC10758135 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1322283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective treatment for pulmonary emphysema will require a better understanding of the molecular changes responsible for distention and rupture of alveolar walls. A potentially useful approach to studying this process involves the concept of emergence in which interactions at different levels of scale induce a phase transition comprising a spontaneous reorganization of chemical and physical systems. Recent studies in our laboratory provide evidence of this phenomenon in pulmonary emphysema by relating the emergence of airspace enlargement to the release of elastin-specific desmosine and isodesmosine (DID) crosslinks from damaged elastic fibers. When the mean alveolar diameter exceeded 400 μm, the level of peptide-free DID in human lungs was greatly increased, reflecting rapid acceleration of elastin breakdown, alveolar wall rupture, and a phase transition to an active disease state that is less responsive to treatment. Based on this finding, it is hypothesized that free DID in urine and other body fluids may serve as a biomarker for early detection of airspace enlargement, thereby facilitating timely therapeutic intervention and reducing the risk of respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Cantor
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
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2
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Liu H, Fan P, Jin F, Ren H, Xu F, Li J. Targeting biophysical microenvironment for improved treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:926-938. [PMID: 37704492 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is responsible for high disability rates, high death rates, and significant cost to health systems. Growing evidence in recent decades shows significant biophysical microenvironment changes in COPD, impacting lung tissues, cells, and treatment response. Furthermore, such biophysical changes have shown great potential as novel targets for improved therapeutic strategy of COPD, where both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies focusing on repairing the biophysical microenvironment of the lung have emerged. We present the first comprehensive review of four distinct biophysical hallmarks [i.e., extracellular matrix (ECM) microarchitecture, stiffness, fluid shear stress, and mechanical stretch] in COPD, the possible involvement of pathological changes, possible effects, and correlated in vitro models and sum up the emerging COPD treatments targeting these biophysical hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Pengbei Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Fanli Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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3
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Mortazavy Beni H, Mortazavi H, Paul G. Relaxation and creep response of the alveolar lung to diagnosis and treatments for respiratory and lung disorders. Perfusion 2023; 38:1637-1643. [PMID: 36128762 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221128141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung Extracellular Matrix (ECM) contains a considerable part of the parenchymal cells. It contains three essential components: elastin and collagen within a proteoglycan (PG) viscoelastic network. Elastin provides the lung's elasticity property, a necessity for normal breathing, while collagen prepares structural support and strength, and PGs give stability and cushioning within tissue loading. Bacterial and viral respiratory diseases are dependent on changes in the ECM ingredients, which result in an alteration of the lung tissue strength. PURPOSE In the present study, this variation was investigated by changing the volume ratio of the ECM ingredients in the viscoelastic model. RESULTS As a result, the relaxation curves continuously declined by reducing the volume ratios of elastin, collagen, and PGs; subsequently, the lung stiffness decreased. Also, the Standard Linear Solid (SLS) model-based results demonstrated excellent accordance with empirical data with only minor deviations. The resting relaxation modulus and the creep modulus for the ECM tissue were 51 kPa and approximately 0.02 kPa, respectively, and the maximum total modulus of elasticity reached 121 kPa. CONCLUSIONS Moreover, this model demonstrates individual alveolar mechanical behaviours and adds another pathway to the generalized Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell models in predicting the progress of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Mortazavi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Gunther Paul
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Mackay, QLD, Australia
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4
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Suki B, Bates JHT, Bartolák-Suki E. Remodeling of the Aged and Emphysematous Lungs: Roles of Microenvironmental Cues. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3559-3574. [PMID: 35766835 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a slow process that affects all organs, and the lung is no exception. At the alveolar level, aging increases the airspace size with thicker and stiffer septal walls and straighter and thickened collagen and elastic fibers. This creates a microenvironment that interferes with the ability of cells in the parenchyma to maintain normal homeostasis and respond to injury. These changes also make the lung more susceptible to disease such as emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by slow but progressive remodeling of the deep alveolar regions that leads to airspace enlargement and increased but disorganized elastin and collagen deposition. This remodeling has been attributed to ongoing inflammation that involves inflammatory cells and the cytokines they produce. Cellular senescence, another consequence of aging, weakens the ability of cells to properly respond to injury, something that also occurs in emphysema. These factors conspire to make alveolar walls more prone to mechanical failure, which can set emphysema in motion by driving inflammation through immune stimulation by protein fragments. Both aging and emphysema are influenced by microenvironmental conditions such as local inflammation, chemical makeup, tissue stiffness, and mechanical stresses. Although aging and emphysema are not equivalent, they have the potential to influence each other in synergistic ways; aging sets up the conditions for emphysema to develop, while emphysema may accelerate cellular senescence and thus aging itself. This article focuses on the similarities and differences between the remodeled microenvironment of the aging and emphysematous lung, with special emphasis on the alveolar septal wall. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3559-3574, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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5
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Burgess JK, Harmsen MC. Chronic lung diseases: entangled in extracellular matrix. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210202. [PMID: 35264410 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0202-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the scaffold that provides structure and support to all organs, including the lung; however, it is also much more than this. The ECM provides biochemical and biomechanical cues to cells that reside or transit through this micro-environment, instructing their responses. The ECM structure and composition changes in chronic lung diseases; how such changes impact disease pathogenesis is not as well understood. Cells bind to the ECM through surface receptors, of which the integrin family is one of the most widely recognised. The signals that cells receive from the ECM regulate their attachment, proliferation, differentiation, inflammatory secretory profile and survival. There is extensive evidence documenting changes in the composition and amount of ECM in diseased lung tissues. However, changes in the topographical arrangement, organisation of the structural fibres and stiffness (or viscoelasticity) of the matrix in which cells are embedded have an undervalued but strong impact on cell phenotype. The ECM in diseased lungs also changes in physical and biomechanical ways that drive cellular responses. The characteristics of these environments alter cell behaviour and potentially orchestrate perpetuation of lung diseases. Future therapies should target ECM remodelling as much as the underlying culprit cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF Institute - REGENERATE, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF Institute - REGENERATE, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Yuan Z, Herrmann J, Murthy S, Peters K, Gerard SE, Nia HT, Lutchen KR, Suki B. A Personalized Spring Network Representation of Emphysematous Lungs From CT Images. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:828157. [PMID: 36926064 PMCID: PMC10013051 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.828157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Emphysema is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible tissue destruction and airspace enlargement, which manifest as low attenuation area (LAA) on CT images. Previous studies have shown that inflammation, protease imbalance, extracellular matrix remodeling and mechanical forces collectively influence the progression of emphysema. Elastic spring network models incorporating force-based mechanical failure have been applied to investigate the pathogenesis and progression of emphysema. However, these models were general without considering the patient-specific information on lung structure available in CT images. The aim of this work was to develop a novel approach that provides an optimal spring network representation of emphysematous lungs based on the apparent density in CT images, allowing the construction of personalized networks. The proposed method takes into account the size and curvature of LAA clusters on the CT images that correspond to a pre-stressed condition of the lung as opposed to a naïve method that excludes the effects of pre-stress. The main findings of this study are that networks constructed by the new method 1) better preserve LAA cluster sizes and their distribution than the naïve method; and 2) predict different course of emphysema progression compared to the naïve method. We conclude that our new method has the potential to predict patient-specific emphysema progression which needs verification using clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Herrmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samhita Murthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Peters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E Gerard
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hadi T Nia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth R Lutchen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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An J, Yang T, Dong J, Liao Z, Wan C, Shen Y, Chen L. Identifying miRNA Modules and Related Pathways of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated Emphysema by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:3119-3130. [PMID: 34815668 PMCID: PMC8605490 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s325300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation that causes high morbidity and mortality. MicroRNA, a short-chain noncoding RNA, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. microRNA modules with a role in the pathogenesis of COPD may serve as COPD biomarkers. METHODS We downloaded the GSE33336 microarray data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the data are derived from 29 lung samples of patients with emphysema undergoing curative resection for lung cancer. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct co-expression modules and detect trait-related microRNA modules. We used the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to predict the biological function of the interest modules, and we screened out candidate hub microRNAs based on their module membership (MM) value and top proteins on the results of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. RESULTS Three microRNA modules (royal blue, light yellow and grey60) were highly associated with COPD. Axon guidance, proteoglycans in cancer and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway were common pathways in these three modules. Keratin18 (KRT18) was the top protein in our study. miR-452, miR-149, miR-133a, miR-181a and miR-421 in hub microRNAs may play a role in COPD. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence for the role of miRNAs in COPD and identify biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zenglin Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchun Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Casey DT, Bou Jawde S, Herrmann J, Mori V, Mahoney JM, Suki B, Bates JHT. Percolation of collagen stress in a random network model of the alveolar wall. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16654. [PMID: 34404841 PMCID: PMC8371101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are characterized by progressive and often irreversible scarring of connective tissue in various organs, leading to substantial changes in tissue mechanics largely as a result of alterations in collagen structure. This is particularly important in the lung because its bulk modulus is so critical to the volume changes that take place during breathing. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how fibrotic abnormalities in the mechanical properties of pulmonary connective tissue can be linked to the stiffening of its individual collagen fibers. To address this question, we developed a network model of randomly oriented collagen and elastin fibers to represent pulmonary alveolar wall tissue. We show that the stress–strain behavior of this model arises via the interactions of collagen and elastin fiber networks and is critically dependent on the relative fiber stiffnesses of the individual collagen and elastin fibers themselves. We also show that the progression from linear to nonlinear stress–strain behavior of the model is associated with the percolation of stress across the collagen fiber network, but that the location of the percolation threshold is influenced by the waviness of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Casey
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Samer Bou Jawde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Herrmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitor Mori
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - J Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Neurological Science, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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9
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Zheng D, Wang J, Li G, Sun Y, Deng Q, Li M, Song K, Zhao Z. Preliminary therapeutic and mechanistic evaluation of S-allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107913. [PMID: 34218218 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the effects and mechanisms of S-allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine (ASSNAC) in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema based on network pharmacology analysis and other techniques. Firstly, the potential targets associated with ASSNAC and COPD were integrated using public databases. Then, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using String database and Cytoscape software. The Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed on DAVID platform. The molecular docking of ASSNAC with some key disease targets was implemented on the SwissDock platform. To verify the results of the network pharmacology, a pulmonary emphysema mice model was established and treated with ASSNAC. Besides, the expressions of the predicted targets were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that 33 overlapping targets are achieved, including CXCL8, ICAM1, MAP2K1, PTGS2, ACE and so on. The critical pathways of ASSNAC against COPD involved arachidonic acid metabolism, chemokine pathway, MAPK pathway, renin-angiotensin system, and others. Pharmacodynamic experiments demonstrated that ASSNAC decreased the pulmonary emphysema and inflammation in the pulmonary emphysema mice. Therefore, these results confirm the perspective of network pharmacology in the target verification, and indicate the treatment potential of ASSNAC against COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, PR China
| | - Genju Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yueyue Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Muhan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Kaili Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Pediatric Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Rongcheng, Shandong 264300, PR China; Chemical Immunopharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Xili Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Heze, Shandong 274300, PR China.
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Zheng D, Wang J, Li G, An L, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Ye W, Zhao X, Zhao Z. S-Allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine ameliorates elastase-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice via regulating autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:83-88. [PMID: 34044325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy-impairment is involved in the pathological process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and relates to inflammation and emphysema in lung injury. This study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of S-Allylmercapto-N-acetylcysteine (ASSNAC) against COPD via regulating the autophagy. Firstly, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced COPD model in A549 cells was established, and ASSNAC was verified to alleviate the autophagy-impairment from the results of western blotting analysis of LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining of autophagosome. Secondly, Balb/c mice were stimulated by PPE to induce the COPD model in vivo. The histological analysis of lung tissues presented that ASSNAC could alleviate the lung injury induced by PPE. Thirdly, the secretions of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and BALF were reduced by ASSNAC compared with the PPE group. Finally, the mechanism of therapeutic effects of ASSNAC against COPD through regulating the autophagy-impairment was clarified. That is, ASSNAC inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. In a word, this research provides a reference for ASSNAC to be an effective drug for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, PR China
| | - Genju Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Lulu An
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Wenhui Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheelloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Pediatric Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Rongcheng, Shandong, 264300, PR China; Chemical Immunopharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Xili Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China.
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11
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Cantor JO, Ma S, Liu X, Campos MA, Strange C, Stocks JM, Devine MS, El Bayadi SG, Lipchik RJ, Sandhaus RA, Turino GM. A 28-day clinical trial of aerosolized hyaluronan in alpha-1 antiprotease deficiency COPD using desmosine as a surrogate marker for drug efficacy. Respir Med 2021; 182:106402. [PMID: 33906126 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A previous 2-week clinical trial of aerosolized hyaluronan (HA) in COPD showed a rapid reduction in lung elastic fiber breakdown, as measured by sputum levels of the unique elastin crosslinks, desmosine and isodesmosine (DID). To further assess the therapeutic efficacy of HA and the utility of DID as surrogate markers for the development of pulmonary emphysema, we have conducted a 28-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial of HA involving 27 subjects with alpha-1 antiprotease deficiency COPD. METHODS The study drug consisted of a 3 ml inhalation solution containing 0.03% HA with an average molecular weight of 150 kDa that was self-administered twice daily. DID levels were measured in urine, sputum, and plasma using tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Free urine DID in the HA group showed a significant negative correlation with time between days 14 and 35 (r = -1.0, p = 0.023) and was statistically significantly decreased from baseline at day 35 (15.4 vs 14.2 ng/mg creatinine, p = 0.035). A marked decrease in sputum DID was also seen in the HA group between days 1 and 28 (0.96 vs 0.18 ng/mg protein), but the difference was not significant, possibly due to the small number of adequate specimens. Plasma DID remained unchanged following HA treatment and no significant reductions in urine, sputum, or plasma DID were seen in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The results support additional clinical trials to further evaluate the therapeutic effect of HA and the use of DID as a real-time marker of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuren Ma
- Mt Sinai-St Luke's Hospital Center, NY, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - James M Stocks
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Megan S Devine
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
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12
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Fukuzaki S, Righetti RF, Santos TMD, Camargo LDN, Aristóteles LRCRB, Souza FCR, Garrido AC, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Leick EA, Prado CM, Martins MDA, Tibério IDFLC. Preventive and therapeutic effect of anti-IL-17 in an experimental model of elastase-induced lung injury in C57Bl6 mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C341-C354. [PMID: 33326311 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important health care issue, and IL-17 can modulate inflammatory responses. We evaluated preventive and therapeutic effect of anti-interleukin (IL)-17 in a model of lung injury induced by elastase, using 32 male C57Bl6 mice, divided into 4 groups: SAL, ELASTASE CONTROL (EC), ELASTASE + PREVENTIVE ANTI-IL-17 (EP), and ELASTASE + THERAPEUTIC ANTI-IL-17 (ET). On the 29th day, animals were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheotomized, and placed on a ventilator to evaluate lung mechanical, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and total cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected. We performed histological techniques, and linear mean intercept (Lm) was analyzed. Both treatments with anti-IL-17 decreased respiratory resistance and elastance, airway resistance, elastance of pulmonary parenchyma, eNO, and Lm compared with EC. There was reduction in total cells and macrophages in ET compared with EC. Both treatments decreased nuclear factor-кB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-12, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, neutrophils, IL-1β, isoprostane, and IL-17 in airways and alveolar septa; collagen fibers, decorin and lumican in airways; and elastic fibers and fibronectin in alveolar septa compared with EC. There was reduction of collagen fibers in alveolar septa and biglycan in airways in EP and a reduction of eNO synthase in airways in ET. In conclusion, both treatments with anti-IL-17 contributed to improve most of parameters evaluated in inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in this model of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fukuzaki
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia C R Souza
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aurelio C Garrido
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine (LIM 20), Hospital Public Employee of São Paulo (Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo), University City of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edna Aparecida Leick
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- School of Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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A viscoelastic two-dimensional network model of the lung extracellular matrix. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:2241-2253. [PMID: 32410075 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises a large proportion of the lung parenchymal tissue and is an important contributor to the mechanical properties of the lung. The lung tissue is a biologically active scaffold with a complex ECM matrix structure and composition that provides physical support to the surrounding cells. Nearly all respiratory pathologies result in changes in the structure and composition of the ECM; however, the impact of these alterations on the mechanical properties of the tissue is not well understood. In this study, a novel network model was developed to incorporate the combinatorial effect of lung tissue ECM constituents such as collagen, elastin and proteoglycans (PGs) and used to mimic the experimentally derived length-tension response of the tissue to uniaxial loading. By modelling the effect of collagen elasticity as an exponential function with strain, and in concert with the linear elastic response of elastin, the network model's mechanical response matched experimental stress-strain curves from the literature. In addition, by incorporating spring-dashpot viscoelastic elements, to represent the PGs, the hysteresis response was also simulated. Finally, by selectively reducing volume fractions of the different ECM constituents, we were able to gain insight into their relative mechanical contribution to the larger scale tissue mechanical response.
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14
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Abstract
The pulmonary blood-gas barrier represents a remarkable feat of engineering. It achieves the exquisite thinness needed for gas exchange by diffusion, the strength to withstand the stresses and strains of repetitive and changing ventilation, and the ability to actively maintain itself under varied demands. Understanding the design principles of this barrier is essential to understanding a variety of lung diseases, and to successfully regenerating or artificially recapitulating the barrier ex vivo. Many classical studies helped to elucidate the unique structure and morphology of the mammalian blood-gas barrier, and ongoing investigations have helped to refine these descriptions and to understand the biological aspects of blood-gas barrier function and regulation. This article reviews the key features of the blood-gas barrier that enable achievement of the necessary design criteria and describes the mechanical environment to which the barrier is exposed. It then focuses on the biological and mechanical components of the barrier that preserve integrity during homeostasis, but which may be compromised in certain pathophysiological states, leading to disease. Finally, this article summarizes recent key advances in efforts to engineer the blood-gas barrier ex vivo, using the platforms of lung-on-a-chip and tissue-engineered whole lungs. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:415-452, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Bou Jawde S, Takahashi A, Bates JHT, Suki B. An Analytical Model for Estimating Alveolar Wall Elastic Moduli From Lung Tissue Uniaxial Stress-Strain Curves. Front Physiol 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32158400 PMCID: PMC7052331 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-linear stress-strain behavior of uniaxially-stretched lung parenchyma is thought to be an emergent phenomenon arising from the ensemble behavior of its microscopic constituents. Such behavior includes the alignment and elongation of randomly oriented alveolar walls with initially flaccid fibers in the direction of strain. To account for the link between microscopic wall behavior and the macroscopic stress-strain curve, we developed an analytical model that represents both alignment and elongation of alveolar walls during uniaxial stretching. The model includes the kinetics and mechanical behavior of randomly oriented elastic alveolar walls that have a bending stiffness at their intersections. The alignment and stretch of the walls following incremental stretch of the tissue were determined based on energy minimization, and the total stress was obtained by differentiating the total energy density with respect to strain. The stress-strain curves predicted by the model were comparable to curves generated by a previously published numerical alveolar network model. The model was also fit to experimentally measured stress-strain curves in parenchymal strips obtained from mice with decreased lung collagen content, and from young and aged mice. This yielded estimates for the elastic modulus of an alveolar wall, which increased with age from 4.4 to 5.9 kPa (p = 0.043), and for the elastic modulus of fibers within the wall, which increased with age from 311 to 620 kPa (p = 0.001). This demonstrates the possibility of estimating alveolar wall mechanical properties in biological soft tissue from its macroscopic behavior given appropriate assumptions about tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bou Jawde
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ayuko Takahashi
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Shendi D, Marzi J, Linthicum W, Rickards A, Dolivo D, Keller S, Kauss M, Wen Q, McDevitt T, Dominko T, Schenke-Layland K, Rolle M. Hyaluronic acid as a macromolecular crowding agent for production of cell-derived matrices. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:292-305. [PMID: 31568877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived matrices (CDMs) provide an exogenous source of human extracellular matrix (ECM), with applications as cell delivery vehicles, substrate coatings for cell attachment and differentiation, and as biomaterial scaffolds. However, commercial application of CDMs has been hindered due to the prolonged culture time required for sufficient ECM accumulation. One approach to increasing matrix deposition in vitro is macromolecular crowding (MMC), which is a biophysical phenomenon that limits the diffusion of ECM precursor proteins, resulting in increased ECM accumulation at the cell layer. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural MMC highly expressed in vivo during fetal development, has been shown to play a role in ECM production, but has not been investigated as a macromolecule for increasing cell-mediated ECM deposition in vitro. In the current study, we hypothesized that HA can act as a MMC, and increase cell-mediated ECM production. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured for 3, 7, or 14 days with 0%, 0.05%, or 0.5% high molecular weight HA. Ficoll 70/400 was used as a positive control. SDS-PAGE, Sircol, and hydroxyproline assays indicated that 0.05% HA-treated cultures had significantly higher mean collagen deposition at 14 days, whereas Ficoll 70/400-treated cultures had significantly lower collagen production compared to the HA and untreated controls. However, fluorescent immunostaining of ECM proteins and quantification of mean gray values did not indicate statistically significant differences in ECM production in HA or Ficoll 70/400-treated cultures compared to untreated controls. Raman imaging (a marker-free spectral imaging method) indicated that HA increased ECM deposition in human dermal fibroblasts. These results are consistent with decreases in CDM stiffness observed in Ficoll 70/400-treated cultures by atomic force microscopy. Overall, these results indicate that there are macromolecule- and cell type- dependent effects on matrix assembly, turnover, and stiffness in cell-derived matrices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell-derived matrices (CDMs) are versatile biomaterials with many regenerative medicine applications, including as cell and drug delivery vehicles and scaffolds for wound healing and tissue regeneration. While CDMs have several advantages, their commercialization has been limited due to the prolonged culture time required to achieve CDM synthesis in vitro. In this study, we explored the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) as a macromolecular crowder in human fibroblast cell cultures to support production of CDM biomaterials. Successful application of macromolecular crowding will allow development of human cell-derived, xeno-free biomaterials that re-capitulate the native human tissue microenvironment.
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17
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Kim HT, Yin W, Jin YJ, Panza P, Gunawan F, Grohmann B, Buettner C, Sokol AM, Preussner J, Guenther S, Kostin S, Ruppert C, Bhagwat AM, Ma X, Graumann J, Looso M, Guenther A, Adelstein RS, Offermanns S, Stainier DYR. Myh10 deficiency leads to defective extracellular matrix remodeling and pulmonary disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4600. [PMID: 30389913 PMCID: PMC6214918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired alveolar formation and maintenance are features of many pulmonary diseases that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In a forward genetic screen for modulators of mouse lung development, we identified the non-muscle myosin II heavy chain gene, Myh10. Myh10 mutant pups exhibit cyanosis and respiratory distress, and die shortly after birth from differentiation defects in alveolar epithelium and mesenchyme. From omics analyses and follow up studies, we find decreased Thrombospondin expression accompanied with increased matrix metalloproteinase activity in both mutant lungs and cultured mutant fibroblasts, as well as disrupted extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Loss of Myh10 specifically in mesenchymal cells results in ECM deposition defects and alveolar simplification. Notably, MYH10 expression is downregulated in the lung of emphysema patients. Altogether, our findings reveal critical roles for Myh10 in alveologenesis at least in part via the regulation of ECM remodeling, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - Wenguang Yin
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Young-June Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Paolo Panza
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Beate Grohmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Carmen Buettner
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Anna M Sokol
- Scientific Service Group of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Sawa Kostin
- Scientific Service Group of Morphometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Biobank, University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGLMC), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Aditya M Bhagwat
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, PO 24144, Qatar
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Scientific Service Group of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60323, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Biobank, University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGLMC), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60323, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60323, Germany.
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18
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Contributions of Glycosaminoglycans to Collagen Fiber Recruitment in Constitutive Modeling of Arterial Mechanics. J Biomech 2018; 82:211-219. [PMID: 30415914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to the biological and mechanical functions of biological tissue has emerged as an important area of research. GAGs provide structural basis for the organization and assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanics of tissue with low GAG content can be indirectly affected by the interaction of GAGs with collagen fibers, which have long been known to be one of the primary contributors to soft tissue mechanics. Our earlier study showed that enzymatic GAG depletion results in straighter collagen fibers that are recruited at lower levels of stretch, and a corresponding shift in earlier arterial stiffening (Mattson et al., 2016). In this study, the effect of GAGs on collagen fiber recruitment was studied through a structure-based constitutive model. The model incorporates structural information, such as fiber orientation distribution, content, and recruitment of medial elastin, medial collagen, and adventitial collagen fibers. The model was first used to study planar biaxial tensile stress-stretch behavior of porcine descending thoracic aorta. Changes in elastin and collagen fiber orientation distribution, and collagen fiber recruitment were then incorporated into the model in order to predict the stress-stretch behavior of GAG depleted tissue. Our study shows that incorporating early collagen fiber recruitment into the model predicts the stress-stretch response of GAG depleted tissue reasonably well (rms = 0.141); considering further changes of fiber orientation distribution does not improve the predicting capability (rms = 0.149). Our study suggests an important role of GAGs in arterial mechanics that should be considered in developing constitutive models.
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19
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Cantor JO, Turino GM. COPD Pathogenesis: Finding the Common in the Complex. Chest 2018; 155:266-271. [PMID: 30080996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective treatment for COPD, and especially pulmonary emphysema, will require an understanding of how fundamental changes at the molecular level affect the macroscopic structure of the lung. Currently, there is no accepted model that encompasses the biochemical and mechanical processes responsible for pulmonary airspace enlargement. We propose that pulmonary emphysematous changes may be more accurately described as an emergent phenomenon, involving alterations at the molecular level that eventually reach a critical structural threshold where uneven mechanical forces produce alveolar wall rupture, accompanied by advanced clinical signs of COPD. The coupling of emergent morphologic changes with biomarkers to detect the process, and counteract it therapeutically, represents a practical approach to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome O Cantor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, St. John's University and St. Luke's-Mount Sinai Hospital Center, New York, NY.
| | - Gerard M Turino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, St. John's University and St. Luke's-Mount Sinai Hospital Center, New York, NY
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20
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Hussell T, Lui S, Jagger C, Morgan D, Brand O. The consequence of matrix dysfunction on lung immunity and the microbiome in COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180032. [PMID: 29950305 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0032-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins which primarily defines tissue architecture and regulates various biochemical and biophysical processes. It is a dynamic system comprising two main structures (the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane) which undergo continuous, yet highly regulated, remodelling. This remodelling process is essential for tissue homeostasis and uncontrolled regulation can lead to pathological states including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Altered expression of ECM proteins, as observed in COPD, can contribute to the degradation of alveolar walls and thickening of the small airways which can cause limitations in airflow. Modifications in ECM composition can also impact immune cell migration and retention in the lung with migrating cells becoming entrapped in the diseased airspaces. Furthermore, ECM changes affect the lung microbiome, aggravating and advancing disease progression. A dysbiosis in bacterial diversity can lead to infection, inducing epithelial injury and pro-inflammatory reactions. Here we review the changes noted in the different ECM components in COPD and discuss how an imbalance in microbial commensalism can impact disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Oliver Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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Turino GM, Ma S, Lin YY, Cantor JO. The Therapeutic Potential of Hyaluronan in COPD. Chest 2017; 153:792-798. [PMID: 29289686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the clinical course of COPD indicate the need for new therapies for this condition. The discovery of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) led to the protease-antiprotease imbalance hypothesis, which was applied to COPD related to AATD as well as COPD not related to AATD. The discovery of AATD brought recognition to the importance of elastin fibers in maintaining lung matrix structure. Two cross-linking amino acids, desmosine and isodesmosine (DI), are unique to mature elastin and can serve as biomarkers of the degradation of elastin. The intravenous augmentation treatment and lung density in severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (RAPID) study shows a correlation of an anatomic index of COPD (on CT imaging) correlating with a chemical indicator of matrix injury in COPD, DI. The results suggest that preservation of lung elastin structure may slow the progression of COPD. Hyaluronan aerosol decreases the severity of elastase-induced emphysema in animals and has induced reductions in DI levels in preliminary human studies. Hyaluronan deserves further development as a therapy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Turino
- Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai-St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Shuren Ma
- Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai-St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yong Y Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai-St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jerome O Cantor
- Department of Medicine, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York, NY
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22
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Capelozzi VL, Allen TC, Beasley MB, Cagle PT, Guinee D, Hariri LP, Husain AN, Jain D, Lantuejoul S, Larsen BT, Miller R, Mino-Kenudson M, Mehrad M, Raparia K, Roden A, Schneider F, Sholl LM, Smith ML. Molecular and Immune Biomarkers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1719-1727. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0115-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifactorial syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates, characterized by deficiency in gas exchange and lung mechanics that lead to hypoxemia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Histologically, ARDS is characterized by an acute, exudative phase, combining diffuse alveolar damage and noncardiogenic edema, followed by a later fibroproliferative phase. Despite an enhanced understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, the capacity to predict the development of ARDS and to risk-stratify patients with the disease remains limited. Biomarkers may help to identify patients at the greatest risk of developing ARDS, to evaluate response to therapy, to predict outcome, and to improve clinical trials. The ARDS pathogenesis is presented in this article, as well as concepts and information on biomarkers that are currently used clinically or are available for laboratory use by academic and practicing pathologists and the developing and validating of new assays, focusing on the assays' major biologic roles in lung injury and/or repair and to ultimately suggest innovative, therapeutic approaches.
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23
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Rocha NDN, de Oliveira MV, Braga CL, Guimarães G, Maia LDA, Padilha GDA, Silva JD, Takiya CM, Capelozzi VL, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Ghrelin therapy improves lung and cardiovascular function in experimental emphysema. Respir Res 2017; 18:185. [PMID: 29100513 PMCID: PMC5670513 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emphysema is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible airspace enlargement followed by a decline in lung function. It also causes extrapulmonary effects, such as loss of body mass and cor pulmonale, which are associated with shorter survival and worse clinical outcomes. Ghrelin, a growth-hormone secretagogue, stimulates muscle anabolism, has anti-inflammatory effects, promotes vasodilation, and improves cardiac performance. Therefore, we hypothesized that ghrelin might reduce lung inflammation and remodelling as well as improve lung mechanics and cardiac function in experimental emphysema. Methods Forty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two main groups: control (C) and emphysema (ELA). In the ELA group (n=20), animals received four intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE) at 1-week intervals. C animals (n=20) received saline alone (50 μL) using the same protocol. Two weeks after the last instillation of saline or PPE, C and ELA animals received ghrelin or saline (n=10/group) intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily, during 3 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), echocardiography, lung mechanics, histology, and molecular biology were analysed. Results In elastase-induced emphysema, ghrelin treatment decreased alveolar hyperinflation and mean linear intercept, neutrophil infiltration, and collagen fibre content in the alveolar septa and pulmonary vessel wall; increased elastic fibre content; reduced M1-macrophage populations and increased M2 polarization; decreased levels of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a mouse analogue of interleukin-8), tumour necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β, but increased interleukin-10 in lung tissue; augmented static lung elastance; reduced arterial pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography; and increased lean mass. Conclusion In the elastase-induced emphysema model used herein, ghrelin not only reduced lung damage but also improved cardiac function and increased lean mass. These findings should prompt further studies to evaluate ghrelin as a potential therapy for emphysema. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0668-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth de Novaes Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Vasconcellos de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cássia Lisboa Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lígia de Albuquerque Maia
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Araújo Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Cantor J, Ma S, Turino G. A pilot clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of aerosolized hyaluronan as a treatment for COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2747-2752. [PMID: 29075107 PMCID: PMC5609793 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel therapy for COPD involving the use of aerosolized hyaluronan (HA) was tested on a small cohort of COPD patients to determine both its safety and efficacy in reducing levels of desmosine and isodesmosine (DID), biomarkers for elastin degradation. In a 2-week, randomized, double-blind trial, 8 patients receiving 150 kDa HA (mean molecular weight) and 3 others given placebo did not show significant adverse effects with regard to spirometry, electrocardiograms, and hematological indices. Furthermore, measurements of DID in plasma from HA-treated patients indicated a progressive decrease over a 3-week period following initiation of treatment (r=−0.98; p=0.02), whereas patients receiving placebo showed no reduction in DID (r=−0.70; p=0.30). Measurements of sputum in the HA-treated group also revealed a progressive decrease in DID (r=−0.97; p=0.03), but this finding was limited by the absence of similar measurements in the placebo group. Nevertheless, the results of this small, pilot study support a longer-term trial of HA in a larger population of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Cantor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John's University
| | - Shuren Ma
- Department of Medicine, St Luke's Mount Sinai Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Turino
- Department of Medicine, St Luke's Mount Sinai Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Schwenninger D, Priebe HJ, Schneider M, Runck H, Guttmann J. Optical clearing: impact of optical and dielectric properties of clearing solutions on pulmonary tissue mechanics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:27-37. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00234.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical clearing allows tissue visualization under preservation of organ integrity. Optical clearing of organs with a physiological change in three-dimensional geometry (such as the lung) would additionally allow visualization of macroscopic and microscopic tissue geometry. A prerequisite, however, is the preservation of the native tissue mechanics of the optically cleared lung tissue. We investigated the impact of optical and dielectric properties of clearing solutions on biomechanics and clearing potency in porcine tissue strips of healthy lungs. After fixation, bleaching, and rehydration, four methods of optical clearing were investigated using eight different protocols. The mechanical and optical properties of the cleared lung tissue strips were investigated by uniaxial tensile testing and by analyzing optical transparency and translucency for red, green, and blue light before, during, and after the biochemical optical clearing process. Fresh tissue strips were used as controls. Best balance between efficient clearing and preserved mechanics was found for clearing with a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aniline. Our findings show that 1) the degree of tissue transparency and translucency correlated with the refractive index of the clearing solution index ( r = 0.976, P = 0.0004; and r = 0.91, P = 0.0046, respectively), 2) tissue mechanics were affected by dehydration and the type of clearing solution, and 3) tissue biomechanics and geometry correlated with the dielectric constant of the clearing solution ( r = −0.98, P < 0.00001; and r = 0.69, P = 0.013, respectively). We show that the lower the dielectric constant of the clearing solutions, the larger the effect on tissue stiffness. This suggests that the dielectric constant is an important measure in determining the effect of a clearing solution on lung tissue biomechanics. Optimal tissue transparency requires complete tissue dehydration and a refractive index of 1.55 of the clearing solution. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Investigating optical clearing in porcine lung tissue strips, we found that refractive index and dielectric constant of the clearing solution affected tissue clearing and biomechanics. By documenting the impact of the composition of the clearing solution on clearing potency and preservation of tissue mechanics, our results help to compose optimal clearing solutions. In addition, the results allow conclusions on the molecular interaction of solvents with collagen fibers in tissue, thereby consolidating existing theories about the functionality of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwenninger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division for Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | | | - Matthias Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division for Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Hanna Runck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division for Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Josef Guttmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division for Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
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26
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Kulkarni T, O'Reilly P, Antony VB, Gaggar A, Thannickal VJ. Matrix Remodeling in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:751-60. [PMID: 26741177 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0166ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema are chronic lung diseases characterized by a progressive decline in lung function, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of these diseases is recurrent or persistent alveolar epithelial injury, typically caused by common environmental exposures such as cigarette smoke. We propose that critical determinants of the outcome of the injury-repair processes that result in fibrosis versus emphysema are mesenchymal cell fate and associated extracellular matrix dynamics. In this review, we explore the concept that regulation of mesenchymal cells under the influence of soluble factors, in particular transforming growth factor-β1, and the extracellular matrix determine the divergent tissue remodeling responses seen in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kulkarni
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Philip O'Reilly
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Veena B Antony
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,3 Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Program in Protease and Matrix Biology Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,3 Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Craig JM, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of emphysema: insights from mouse models. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:591-605. [PMID: 28164246 PMCID: PMC5366983 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms that result in the initiation and progression of emphysema are clearly complex. A growing body of human data combined with discoveries from mouse models utilizing cigarette smoke exposure or protease administration have improved our understanding of emphysema development by implicating specific cell types that may be important for the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most important aspects of emphysematous damage appear to be oxidative or protease stress and sustained macrophage activation and infiltration of other immune cells leading to epithelial damage and cell death. Despite the identification of these associated processes and cell types in many experimental studies, the reasons why cigarette smoke and other pollutants result in unremitting damage instead of injury resolution are still uncertain. We propose an important role for macrophages in the sequence of events that lead and maintain this chronic tissue pathologic process in emphysema. This model involves chronic activation of macrophage subtypes that precludes proper healing of the lung. Further elucidation of the cross-talk between epithelial cells that release damage-associated signals and the cellular immune effectors that respond to these cues is a critical step in the development of novel therapeutics that can restore proper lung structure and function to those afflicted with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Wight TN, Frevert CW, Debley JS, Reeves SR, Parks WC, Ziegler SF. Interplay of extracellular matrix and leukocytes in lung inflammation. Cell Immunol 2017; 312:1-14. [PMID: 28077237 PMCID: PMC5290208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocytes influx into lung compartments and interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Two ECM components, versican and hyaluronan, increase in a range of lung diseases. The interaction of leukocytes with these ECM components controls leukocyte retention and accumulation, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and activation as part of the inflammatory phase of lung disease. In addition, bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children co-cultured with human lung fibroblasts generate an ECM that is adherent for monocytes/macrophages. Macrophages are present in both early and late lung inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) is induced in alveolar macrophages with injury and infection and modulates macrophage phenotype and their ability to degrade collagenous ECM components. Collectively, studies outlined in this review highlight the importance of specific ECM components in the regulation of inflammatory events in lung disease. The widespread involvement of these ECM components in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation make them attractive candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Mattson JM, Turcotte R, Zhang Y. Glycosaminoglycans contribute to extracellular matrix fiber recruitment and arterial wall mechanics. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:213-225. [PMID: 27491312 PMCID: PMC5288264 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Elastic and collagen fibers are well known to be the major load-bearing extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the arterial wall. Studies of the structural components and mechanics of arterial ECM generally focus on elastin and collagen fibers, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are often neglected. Although GAGs represent only a small component of the vessel wall ECM, they are considerably important because of their diverse functionality and their role in pathological processes. The goal of this study was to study the mechanical and structural contributions of GAGs to the arterial wall. Biaxial tensile testing was paired with multiphoton microscopic imaging of elastic and collagen fibers in order to establish the structure-function relationships of porcine thoracic aorta before and after enzymatic GAG removal. Removal of GAGs results in an earlier transition point of the nonlinear stress-strain curves [Formula: see text]. However, stiffness was not significantly different after GAG removal treatment, indicating earlier but not absolute stiffening. Multiphoton microscopy showed that when GAGs are removed, the adventitial collagen fibers are straighter, and both elastin and collagen fibers are recruited at lower levels of strain, in agreement with the mechanical change. The amount of stress relaxation also decreased in GAG-depleted arteries [Formula: see text]. These findings suggest that the interaction between GAGs and other ECM constituents plays an important role in the mechanics of the arterial wall, and GAGs should be considered in addition to elastic and collagen fibers when studying arterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Mattson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is one of the distinct pathological forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is accompanied by gradual elimination of alveolar tissue, causing reductions in lung recoil and leading to difficulty in breathing. As there is no cure for emphysema, animal models are often used to better understand the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. One widely used animal model of emphysema is the elastase treatment. In this chapter, we describe two methods of elastase-induced emphysema in mice. The first is a single-dose treatment, whereby elastase is introduced oropharengeally into the lung and the structure and/or function of the lungs are studied between 2 days and 4 weeks following the treatment. The second method consists of exposing mice repeatedly (four times) to elastase intratracheally and observing the effects of the treatment 1-4 weeks following the last administration of the enzyme. Both protocols are described in detail, and examples of lung structure and function of the emphysematous mouse lung are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The Pattern of Elastic Fiber Breakdown in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis May Reflect Microarchitectural Changes. Lung 2016; 195:93-99. [PMID: 27761647 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Desmosine and isodesmosine (DID) are unique elastin crosslinks that may serve as biomarkers for elastic fiber degradation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Previously, our laboratory found that the ratio of free to peptide-bound DID in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed a significant positive correlation with the extent of airspace enlargement in an elastase model of pulmonary emphysema. To further evaluate this hypothesis, our laboratory measured this ratio in a bleomycin (BLM) model of pulmonary fibrosis, which involved different microarchitectural changes than those associated with pulmonary emphysema. METHODS Syrian hamsters were instilled intratracheally with 1.0 unit BLM in 0.2 ml of normal saline (controls received the vehicle alone), and BALF was analyzed for both free and total DID, using a combination of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Total BALF DID was significantly increased in hamsters receiving BLM at 1 week post-treatment (92 vs 13 pg/ml; p < 0.001), consistent with elastic fiber degradation. However, in contrast to elastase-induced emphysema, free/bound DID was lower in BLM-treated animals compared to controls at both 1 week (0.76 vs 0.84) and 2 weeks post-treatment (0.69 vs 0.86), though the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that it may be possible to identify specific pulmonary microarchitecture changes, based on the ratio of free to peptide-bound DID. It is speculated that the proportionate decrease in free DID in BLM-induced fibrosis may be due to preservation of intact elastic fibers as the lung injury progresses.
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Oliveira MV, Abreu SC, Padilha GA, Rocha NN, Maia LA, Takiya CM, Xisto DG, Suki B, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Characterization of a Mouse Model of Emphysema Induced by Multiple Instillations of Low-Dose Elastase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:457. [PMID: 27774071 PMCID: PMC5054025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental models have been proposed to study the pathophysiological features of emphysema, as well as to search for new therapeutic approaches for acute or chronically injured lung parenchyma. We aimed to characterize an emphysema model induced by multiple instillations of elastase by tracking changes in inflammation, remodeling, and cardiac function after each instillation. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned across two groups. Emphysema (ELA) animals received 1, 2, 3, or 4 intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE, 0.2 IU) with a 1-week interval between them. Controls (C) received saline following the same protocol. Before and after implementation of the protocol, animals underwent echocardiographic analysis. After the first instillation of PPE, the percentage of mononuclear cells in the lung parenchyma increased compared to C (p = 0.0001). The second instillation resulted in hyperinflated alveoli, increased mean linear intercept, and reduced elastic fiber content in lung parenchyma compared to C (p = 0.0197). Following the third instillation, neutrophils and collagen fiber content in alveolar septa and airways increased, whereas static lung elastance was reduced compared to C (p = 0.0094). After the fourth instillation, the percentage of M1 macrophages in lungs; levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), keratinocyte-derived chemokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and collagen fiber content in the pulmonary vessel wall were increased compared to C (p = 0.0096). At this time point, pulmonary arterial hypertension was apparent, with increased diastolic right ventricular wall thickness. In conclusion, the initial phase of emphysema was characterized by lung inflammation with predominance of mononuclear cells, whereas at the late stage, impairment of pulmonary and cardiovascular functions was observed. This model enables analysis of therapies at different time points during controlled progression of emphysema. Accordingly, early interventions could focus on the inflammatory process, while late interventions should focus on restoring cardiorespiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena V Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nazareth N Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal UniversityNiteroi, Brazil
| | - Lígia A Maia
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takiya
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora G Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro L Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Padilha GA, Henriques I, Lopes-Pacheco M, Abreu SC, Oliveira MV, Morales MM, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Silva PL, Xisto DG, Rocco PRM. Therapeutic effects of LASSBio-596 in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema. Front Physiol 2015; 6:267. [PMID: 26483698 PMCID: PMC4588117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is an intractable pulmonary disease characterized by an inflammatory process of the airways and lung parenchyma and ongoing remodeling process in an attempt to restore lung structure. There is no effective drug therapy that regenerates lung tissue or prevents the progression of emphysema; current treatment is aimed at symptomatic relief. We hypothesized that LASSBio-596, a molecule with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, might reduce pulmonary inflammation and remodeling and thus improve lung function in experimental emphysema. Emphysema was induced in BALB/c mice by intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.1 IU) once weekly during 4 weeks. A control group received saline using the same protocol. After the last instillation of saline or elastase, dimethyl sulfoxide, or LASSBio-596 were administered intraperitoneally, once daily for 8 days. After 24 h, in elastase-induced emphysema animals, LASSBio-596 yielded: (1) decreased mean linear intercept, hyperinflation and collagen fiber content, (2) increased elastic fiber content, (3) reduced number of M1 macrophages, (4) decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β protein levels in lung tissue, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor. These changes resulted in increased static lung elastance. In conclusion, LASSBio-596 therapy reduced lung inflammation, airspace enlargement, and small airway wall remodeling, thus improving lung function, in this animal model of elastase-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A. Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Henriques
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraia C. Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena V. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia M. Lima
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora G. Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mühlfeld C, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Ochs M. A review of recent developments and applications of morphometry/stereology in lung research. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L526-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard of morphometry in lung research. Here, we analyze the current use of morphometric and stereological methods in lung research and provide an overview on recent methodological developments and biological observations made by the use of stereology. Based on this analysis we hope to provide useful recommendations for a good stereological practice to further the use of advanced and unbiased stereological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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Cantor J, Armand G, Turino G. Lung hyaluronan levels are decreased in alpha-1 antiprotease deficiency COPD. Respir Med 2015; 109:656-9. [PMID: 25862598 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronan (HA), a long-chain polysaccharide, is currently being evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for pulmonary emphysema, based on previous studies from this laboratory indicating its protective effect against elastic fiber breakdown. To determine whether exogenously administered HA might replace a loss of this extracellular matrix component in this disease, we measured the content of HA in lung biopsies from both healthy individuals and alpha-1 antiprotease-deficient (AAPD) COPD patients with pulmonary emphysema. METHODS Tissue samples (9 from COPD patients, 5 from controls) were digested with papain to isolate glycosaminoglycans, and lung HA was quantified with an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. RESULTS HA was significantly decreased in the AAPDCOPD population compared to normal individuals (13.5 vs 21.7 ng/mg wet lung; p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between HA levels and the following parameters: 1) percent predicted FEV1 (r = 0.78; p < 0.001), 2) percent predicted DLCO (r = 0.74; p < 0.05), and 3) serum levels of AAP (r = 0.61; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that depletion of lung HA plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema, and that replacement of this matrix component could slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Cantor
- St John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and St Luke's - Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York City, NY, United States.
| | - Gerard Armand
- St John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and St Luke's - Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gerard Turino
- St John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and St Luke's - Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York City, NY, United States
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Suki B, Bartolák-Suki E. Biomechanics of the Aging Lung Parenchyma. ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03970-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Andersson-Sjöland A, Hallgren O, Rolandsson S, Weitoft M, Tykesson E, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Rydell-Törmänen K, Bjermer L, Malmström A, Karlsson JC, Westergren-Thorsson G. Versican in inflammation and tissue remodeling: the impact on lung disorders. Glycobiology 2014; 25:243-51. [PMID: 25371494 PMCID: PMC4310351 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Versican is a proteoglycan that has many different roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. The biochemical structure comprises four different types of the core protein with attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that can be sulfated to various extents and has the capacity to regulate differentiation of different cell types, migration, cell adhesion, proliferation, tissue stabilization and inflammation. Versican's regulatory properties are of importance during both homeostasis and changes that lead to disease progression. The GAGs that are attached to the core protein are of the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate type and are known to be important in inflammation through interactions with cytokines and growth factors. For a more complex understanding of versican, it is of importance to study the tissue niche, where the wound healing process in both healthy and diseased conditions take place. In previous studies, our group has identified changes in the amount of the multifaceted versican in chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which could be a result of pathologic, transforming growth factor β driven, on-going remodeling processes. Reversely, the context of versican in its niche is of great importance since versican has been reported to have a beneficial role in other contexts, e.g. emphysema. Here we explore the vast mechanisms of versican in healthy lung and in lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Lung Biology Lung Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | | | | | - Emil Tykesson
- Lung Biology Matrix Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, BMC D12, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | | | | | - Leif Bjermer
- Lung Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Anders Malmström
- Lung Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
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Birukov KG. Balancing between stiff and soft: a life-saving compromise for lung epithelium in lung injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1213-4. [PMID: 25324515 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00912.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Suki B. Assessing the Functional Mechanical Properties of Bioengineered Organs With Emphasis on the Lung. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1134-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
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