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Ghimire S, Xue B, Li K, Gannon RM, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Thurman AL, Gong H, Necker GC, Zheng J, Meyerholz DK, Perlman S, McCray PB, Pezzulo AA. IL-13 decreases susceptibility to airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infection but increases disease severity in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601941. [PMID: 39005257 PMCID: PMC11244965 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Treatments available to prevent progression of virus-induced lung diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are of limited benefit once respiratory failure occurs. The efficacy of approved and emerging cytokine signaling-modulating antibodies is variable and is affected by disease course and patient-specific inflammation patterns. Therefore, understanding the role of inflammation on the viral infectious cycle is critical for effective use of cytokine-modulating agents. We investigated the role of the type 2 cytokine IL-13 on SARS-CoV-2 binding/entry, replication, and host response in primary HAE cells in vitro and in a model of mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. IL-13 protected airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by decreasing the abundance of ACE2-expressing ciliated cells rather than by neutralization in the airway surface liquid or by interferon-mediated antiviral effects. In contrast, IL-13 worsened disease severity in mice; the effects were mediated by eicosanoid signaling and were abolished in mice deficient in the phospholipase A2 enzyme PLA2G2D. We conclude that IL-13-induced inflammation differentially affects multiple steps of COVID-19 pathogenesis. IL-13-induced inflammation may be protective against initial SARS-CoV-2 airway epithelial infection; however, it enhances disease progression in vivo. Blockade of IL-13 and/or eicosanoid signaling may be protective against progression to severe respiratory virus-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Biyun Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kun Li
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ryan M. Gannon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christine L. Wohlford-Lenane
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew L. Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Huiyu Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Grace C. Necker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alejandro A. Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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2
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Schaunaman N, Cervantes D, Nichols T, Numata M, Ledford JG, Kraft M, Chu HW. Cooperation of immune regulators Tollip and surfactant protein A inhibits influenza A virus infection in mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:193. [PMID: 38702733 PMCID: PMC11068576 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a significant risk factor for respiratory diseases, but the host defense mechanisms against IAV remain to be defined. Immune regulators such as surfactant protein A (SP-A) and Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) have been shown to be involved in IAV infection, but whether SP-A and Tollip cooperate in more effective host defense against IAV infection has not been investigated. METHODS Wild-type (WT), Tollip knockout (KO), SP-A KO, and Tollip/SP-A double KO (dKO) mice were infected with IAV for four days. Lung macrophages were isolated for bulk RNA sequencing. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from WT and dKO mice were pre-treated with SP-A and then infected with IAV for 48 h. RESULTS Viral load was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of dKO mice compared to all other strains of mice. dKO mice had significantly less recruitment of neutrophils into the lung compared to Tollip KO mice. SP-A treatment of PCLS enhanced expression of TNF and reduced viral load in dKO mouse lung tissue. Pathway analysis of bulk RNA sequencing data suggests that macrophages from IAV-infected dKO mice reduced expression of genes involved in neutrophil recruitment, IL-17 signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that both Tollip and SP-A are essential for the lung to exert more effective innate defense against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolette Schaunaman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Diana Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Taylor Nichols
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | | | - Monica Kraft
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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3
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Lee RE, Mascenik TM, Major SC, Galiger JR, Bulik-Sullivan E, Siesser PF, Lewis CA, Bear JE, Le Suer JA, Hawkins FJ, Pickles RJ, Randell SH. Viral airway injury promotes cell engraftment in an in vitro model of cystic fibrosis cell therapy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L226-L238. [PMID: 38150545 PMCID: PMC11280688 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00421.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, cell engraftment into the airway epithelium is challenging. Here, we model cell engraftment in vitro using the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system by injuring well-differentiated CF ALI cultures and delivering non-CF cells at the time of peak injury. Engraftment efficiency was quantified by measuring chimerism by droplet digital PCR and functional ion transport in Ussing chambers. Using this model, we found that human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) engraft more efficiently when they are cultured by conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) culture methods. Cell engraftment into the airway epithelium requires airway injury, but the extent of injury needed is unknown. We compared three injury models and determined that severe injury with partial epithelial denudation facilitates long-term cell engraftment and functional CFTR recovery up to 20% of wildtype function. The airway epithelium promptly regenerates in response to injury, creating competition for space and posing a barrier to effective engraftment. We examined competition dynamics by time-lapse confocal imaging and found that delivered cells accelerate airway regeneration by incorporating into the epithelium. Irradiating the repairing epithelium granted engrafting cells a competitive advantage by diminishing resident stem cell proliferation. Intentionally, causing severe injury to the lungs of people with CF would be dangerous. However, naturally occurring events like viral infection can induce similar epithelial damage with patches of denuded epithelium. We found that viral preconditioning promoted effective engraftment of cells primed for viral resistance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cell therapy is a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we model cell engraftment by injuring CF air-liquid interface cultures and delivering non-CF cells. Successful engraftment required severe epithelial injury. Intentionally injuring the lungs to this extent would be dangerous. However, naturally occurring events like viral infection induce similar epithelial damage. We found that viral preconditioning promoted the engraftment of cells primed for viral resistance leading to CFTR functional recovery to 20% of the wildtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Teresa M Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sidra C Major
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jacob R Galiger
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Emily Bulik-Sullivan
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Priscila F Siesser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Catherine A Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jake A Le Suer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Raymond J Pickles
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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4
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Abrami M, Biasin A, Tescione F, Tierno D, Dapas B, Carbone A, Grassi G, Conese M, Di Gioia S, Larobina D, Grassi M. Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1933. [PMID: 38339210 PMCID: PMC10856136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs. Here, we review the essential features of normal and pathological mucus (i.e., sputum in CF, COPD, and asthma), i.e., mucin content, structure (mesh size), micro/macro-rheology, pH, and osmotic pressure, ending with the awareness that sputum biomarkers (mucins, inflammatory proteins and peptides, and metabolites) might serve to indicate acute exacerbation and response to therapies. There are some indications that old and novel treatments may change the structure, viscoelastic properties, and biomarker content of sputum; however, a wealth of work is still needed to embrace these measures as correlates of disease severity in association with (or even as substitutes of) pulmonary functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabiana Tescione
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
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5
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Kummarapurugu AB, Hawkridge AM, Ma J, Osei S, Martin RK, Zheng S, Voynow JA. Neutrophil Elastase decreases SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binding to human bronchial epithelia by clipping ACE-2 ectodomian from the epithelial surface. J Biol Chem 2023:104820. [PMID: 37187291 PMCID: PMC10181948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have decreased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, but the underlying cause is unknown. Patients with CF have high levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) in the airway. We examined whether respiratory epithelial angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, is a proteolytic target of NE. Soluble ACE-2 (sACE-2) levels were quantified by ELISA in airway secretions and serum from patients with and without CF, and the association between sACE-2 levels and NE activity levels was evaluated in CF sputum. We determined that NE activity was directly correlated with increased ACE-2 in CF sputum. Additionally, primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, exposed to NE or control vehicle, were evaluated by western analysis for the release of cleaved ACE-2 ectodomain fragment into conditioned media, and by flow cytometry for the loss of cell surface ACE-2, its impact on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding. We found that NE treatment released ACE-2 ectodomain fragment from HBE and decreased spike protein binding to HBE. Furthermore, we performed NE treatment of recombinant ACE-2-Fc tagged protein in vitro to assess whether NE was sufficient to cleave recombinant ACE-2-Fc protein. Proteomic analysis identified, specific NE cleavage sites in the ACE-2 ectodomain that would result in loss of the putative N-terminal spike binding domain. Collectively, data support that NE plays a disruptive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection by catalyzing ACE-2 ectodomain shedding from the airway epithelia. This mechanism may reduce SARS-CoV-2 virus binding to respiratory epithelial cells and decrease severity of COVID19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apparao B Kummarapurugu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University.
| | - Adam M Hawkridge
- School of Pharmacy at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Jonathan Ma
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University
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6
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Rehman T, Welsh MJ. Inflammation as a Regulator of the Airway Surface Liquid pH in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1104. [PMID: 37190013 PMCID: PMC10137218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway surface liquid (ASL) is a thin sheet of fluid that covers the luminal aspect of the airway epithelium. The ASL is a site of several first-line host defenses, and its composition is a key factor that determines respiratory fitness. Specifically, the acid-base balance of ASL has a major influence on the vital respiratory defense processes of mucociliary clearance and antimicrobial peptide activity against inhaled pathogens. In the inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel function reduces HCO3- secretion, lowers the pH of ASL (pHASL), and impairs host defenses. These abnormalities initiate a pathologic process whose hallmarks are chronic infection, inflammation, mucus obstruction, and bronchiectasis. Inflammation is particularly relevant as it develops early in CF and persists despite highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. Recent studies show that inflammation may alter HCO3- and H+ secretion across the airway epithelia and thus regulate pHASL. Moreover, inflammation may enhance the restoration of CFTR channel function in CF epithelia exposed to clinically approved modulators. This review focuses on the complex relationships between acid-base secretion, airway inflammation, pHASL regulation, and therapeutic responses to CFTR modulators. These factors have important implications for defining optimal ways of tackling CF airway inflammation in the post-modulator era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Rehman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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7
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology is hallmarked by excessive inflammation and the inability to resolve lung infections, contributing to morbidity and eventually mortality. Paradoxically, despite a robust inflammatory response, CF lungs fail to clear bacteria and are susceptible to chronic infections. Impaired mucociliary transport plays a critical role in chronic infection but the immune mechanisms contributing to the adaptation of bacteria to the lung microenvironment is not clear. CFTR modulator therapy has advanced CF life expectancy opening up the need to understand changes in immunity as CF patients age. Here, we have summarized the current understanding of immune dysregulation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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8
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Mir SM, Chen J, Pinezich MR, O'Neill JD, Huang SXL, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kim J. Imaging-guided bioreactor for de-epithelialization and long-term cultivation of ex vivo rat trachea. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1018-1031. [PMID: 35166739 PMCID: PMC8942046 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent synergistic advances in organ-on-chip and tissue engineering technologies offer opportunities to create in vitro-grown tissue or organ constructs that can faithfully recapitulate their in vivo counterparts. Such in vitro tissue or organ constructs can be utilized in multiple applications, including rapid drug screening, high-fidelity disease modeling, and precision medicine. Here, we report an imaging-guided bioreactor that allows in situ monitoring of the lumen of ex vivo airway tissues during controlled in vitro tissue manipulation and cultivation of isolated rat trachea. Using this platform, we demonstrated partial removal of the rat tracheal epithelium (i.e., de-epithelialization) without disrupting the underlying subepithelial cells and extracellular matrix. Through different tissue evaluation assays, such as immunofluorescent staining, DNA/protein quantification, and electron beam microscopy, we showed that the epithelium of the tracheal lumen can be effectively removed with negligible disruption in the underlying tissue layers, such as cartilage and blood vessel. Notably, using a custom-built micro-optical imaging device integrated with the bioreactor, the trachea lumen was visualized at the cellular level, and removal of the endogenous epithelium and distribution of locally delivered exogenous cells were demonstrated in situ. Moreover, the de-epithelialized trachea supported on the bioreactor allowed attachment and growth of exogenous cells seeded topically on its denuded tissue surface. Collectively, the results suggest that our imaging-enabled rat trachea bioreactor and localized cell replacement method can facilitate creation of bioengineered in vitro airway tissue that can be used in different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Meghan R Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D O'Neill
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
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9
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Cellular and molecular architecture of submucosal glands in wild-type and cystic fibrosis pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119759119. [PMID: 35046051 PMCID: PMC8794846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119759119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Submucosal glands (SMGs) protect lungs but can also contribute to disease. For example, in cystic fibrosis (CF), SMGs produce abnormal mucus that disrupts mucociliary transport. CF is an ion transport disease, yet knowledge of the ion transporters expressed by SMG acini, which produce mucus, and SMG ducts that carry it to the airway lumen is limited. Therefore, we isolated SMGs from newborn pigs and used single-cell messenger RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to identify cell types, gene expression, and spatial distribution. Cell types and transcript levels were the same in non-CF and CF SMGs, suggesting that loss of epithelial anion secretion rather than an intrinsic cell defect causes CF mucus abnormalities. Gene signatures of acinar mucous and acinar serous cells revealed specialized functions in producing mucins and antimicrobials, respectively. However, surprisingly, these two cell types expressed the same ion transporters and neurohumoral receptors, suggesting the importance of balancing mucin and liquid secretion to produce optimal mucus properties. SMG duct cell transcripts suggest that they secrete HCO3- and Cl-, and thus have some similarity to pancreatic ducts that are also defective in CF. These and additional findings suggest the functions of the SMG acinus and duct and provide a baseline for understanding how environmental and genetic challenges impact their contribution to lung disease.
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10
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Forno E, Abman SH, Singh J, Robbins ME, Selvadurai H, Schumacker PT, Robinson PD. Update in Pediatrics 2020. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:274-284. [PMID: 34126039 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0605up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven H Abman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colorado.,University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jagdev Singh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary E Robbins
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; and.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiran Selvadurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; and.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Zhang W. The Multifunctional Roles of Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelium Clone 1 in Regulating Airway Surface Liquid and Participating in Airway Host Defense. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:139-148. [PMID: 33885339 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is a kind of secretory protein, and gets expressed abundantly in normal respiratory epithelium of humans. As a natural immune molecule, SPLUNC1 is proved to be involved in inflammatory response and airway host defense. This review focuses on summarizing and discussing the role of SPLUNC1 in regulating airway surface liquid (ASL) and participating in airway host defense. PubMed and MEDLINE were used for searching and identifying the data in this review. The domain of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in SPLUNC1 and the α-helix, α4, are essential for SPLUNC1 to exert biological activities. As a natural innate immune molecule, SPLUNC1 plays a significant role in inflammatory response and airway host defense. Its special expression patterns are not only observed in physiological conditions, but also in some respiratory diseases. The mechanisms of SPLUNC1 in airway host defense include modulating ASL volume, acting as a surfactant protein, inhibiting biofilm formation, as well as regulating ASL compositions, such as LL-37, mucins, Neutrophil elastase, and inflammatory cytokines. Besides, potential correlations are found among these different mechanisms, especially among different ASL compositions, which should be further explored in more systematical frameworks. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics and expression patterns of SPLUNC1 briefly, and mainly discuss the mechanisms of SPLUNC1 exerted in host defense, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and a novel target for future studies and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingluan Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Dabaghi M, Saraei N, Xu G, Chandiramohan A, Yeung J, Nguyen JP, Vukmirovic M, Selvaganapathy PR, Hirota JA. PHAIR: a biosensor for pH measurement in air-liquid interface cell culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3477. [PMID: 33568708 PMCID: PMC7875988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In many biological systems, pH can be used as a parameter to understand and study cell dynamics. However, measuring pH in live cell culture is limited by the sensor ion specificity, proximity to the cell surface, and scalability. Commercially available pH sensors are difficult to integrate into a small-scale cell culture system due to their size and are not cost-effective for disposable use. We made PHAIR-a new pH sensor that uses a micro-wire format to measure pH in vitro human airway cell culture. Tungsten micro-wires were used as the working electrodes, and silver micro-wires with a silver/silver chloride coating were used as a pseudo reference electrode. pH sensitivity, in a wide and narrow range, and stability of these sensors were tested in common standard buffer solutions as well as in culture media of human airway epithelial cells grown at the air-liquid interface in a 24 well cell culture plate. When measuring the pH of cells grown under basal and challenge conditions using PHAIR, cell viability and cytokine responses were not affected. Our results confirm that micro-wire-based sensors have the capacity for miniaturization and detection of diverse ions while maintaining sensitivity. This suggests the broad application of PHAIR in various biological experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Gang Xu
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jonas Yeung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jenny P Nguyen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Milica Vukmirovic
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Henzinger H, Barth DA, Klec C, Pichler M. Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:E1374. [PMID: 33271762 PMCID: PMC7761185 DOI: 10.3390/v12121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has caused a major health and economic crisis around the globe. Gaining knowledge about its attributes and interactions with human host cells is crucial. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the host cells' innate antiviral immune response. In RNA interference, microRNAs (miRNAs) may bind to complementary sequences of the viral RNA strand, forming an miRNA-induced silencing complex, which destroys the viral RNA, thereby inhibiting viral protein expression. There are several targets for human miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2's RNA, most of which are in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Mutations of the viral genome causing the creation or loss of miRNA binding sites may have crucial effects on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. In addition to mediating immunity, the ncRNA landscape of host cells further influences their susceptibility to virus infection, as certain miRNAs are essential in the regulation of cellular receptors that are necessary for virus invasion. Conversely, virus infection also changes the host ncRNA expression patterns, possibly augmenting conditions for viral replication and dissemination. Hence, ncRNAs typically upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be useful biomarkers for disease progression and severity. Understanding these mechanisms could provide further insight into the pathogenesis and possible treatment options against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Henzinger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (D.A.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Dominik A. Barth
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (D.A.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Christiane Klec
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (D.A.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Martin Pichler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (D.A.B.); (C.K.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sofoluwe A, Zoso A, Bacchetta M, Lemeille S, Chanson M. Immune response of polarized cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells infected with Influenza A virus. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:655-663. [PMID: 32873524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, is characterized by dysfunction of the immune response in the airway epithelium that leads to prolonged infection, colonization and exacerbated inflammation. In this study, we determined the gene expression profile of airway epithelial cells knockdown for CFTR (CFTR KD) in response to bacterial and viral challenges. METHODS In a first approach, polarized CFTR KD and their control counterpart (CFTR CTL) cells were stimulated with P. aeruginosa-derived virulence factor flagellin. Next, we developed a model of Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in CTL and CFTR KD polarized cells. mRNA was collected for transcriptome analysis. RESULTS Beside the expected pro-inflammatory response, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis highlighted key molecular pathways and players involved in IAV and anti-viral interferon signaling. Although IAV replication was similar in both cell types, multiplex gene expression analysis revealed changes of key immune genes dependent on time of infection that were found to be CFTR-dependent and/or IAV-dependent. Interferons are key signaling proteins/cytokines in the antibacterial and antiviral response. To evaluate their impact on the altered gene expression profile in CFTR responses to pathogens, we measured transcriptome changes after exposure to Type I-, Type II- and Type III-interferons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal target genes in understanding the defective immune response in the CF airway epithelium in the context of viral infection. Information provided in this study would be useful to understand the dysfunctional immune response of the CF airway epithelium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Sofoluwe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alice Zoso
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bacchetta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chanson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Voynow JA, Zheng S, Kummarapurugu AB. Glycosaminoglycans as Multifunctional Anti-Elastase and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1011. [PMID: 32733248 PMCID: PMC7360816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a major protease in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that activates airway inflammation by several mechanisms. NE stimulates epithelial toll like receptors (TLR) resulting in cytokine upregulation and release, upregulates MUC5AC, a major airway mucin, degrades both phagocytic receptors and opsonins resulting in both neutrophil and macrophage phagocytic failure, generates oxidative stress via extracellular generation and uptake of heme free iron, and activates other proteases. Altogether, these mechanisms create a significant inflammatory challenge that impairs innate immune function and results in airway remodeling. Currently, a major gap in our therapeutic approach to CF lung disease is the lack of an effective therapeutic strategy targeting active NE and its downstream pro-inflammatory sequelae. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potent anti-elastase drugs that have additional anti-inflammatory properties. Heparin is a prototype of a glycosaminoglycan with both anti-elastase and anti-inflammatory properties. Heparin inhibits NE in an allosteric manner with high potency. Heparin also inhibits cathepsin G, blocks P-selectin and L-selectin, hinders ligand binding to the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and impedes histone acetyltransferase activity which dampens cytokine transcription and High Mobility Group Box 1 release. Furthermore, nebulized heparin treatment improves outcomes for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute lung injury and smoke inhalation. However, the anticoagulant activity of heparin is a potential contraindication for this therapy to be developed for CF lung disease. Therefore, modified heparins and other GAGs are being developed that retain the anti-elastase and anti-inflammatory qualities of heparin with minimal to no anticoagulant activity. The modified heparin, 2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin (ODSH), maintains anti-elastase and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, and has little residual anticoagulant activity. Heparan sulfate with O-sulfate residues but not N-sulfate residues blocks allergic asthmatic inflammation in a murine model. Polysulfated hyaluronic acid abrogates allergen- triggered rhinosinusitis in a murine model. Finally, nonsaccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics with specific sulfate modifications can be designed to inhibit NE activity. Altogether, these novel GAGs or GAG mimetics hold significant promise to address the unmet need for inhaled anti-elastase and anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Voynow
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Apparao B Kummarapurugu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA, United States
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16
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Voynow JA, Zheng S. Airway Surface Liquid and Impaired Antiviral Defense in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:12-13. [PMID: 31348689 PMCID: PMC6938140 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0239ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Voynow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, Virginia
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, Virginia
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