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Xian Y, Liu J, Dai M, Zhang W, He M, Wei Z, Jiang Y, Le S, Lin Z, Tang S, Zhou Y, Dong L, Liang J, Zhang J, Wang L. Microglia Promote Lymphangiogenesis Around the Spinal Cord Through VEGF-C/VEGFR3-Dependent Autophagy and Polarization After Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04437-5. [PMID: 39158788 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Reducing secondary injury is a key focus in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have revealed the role of lymphangiogenesis in reducing secondary damage to central nerve. However, the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis is not yet clear. Macrophages have been shown to play an important role in peripheral tissue lymphangiogenesis. Microglia is believed to play a role similar to macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS); we hypothesized that there was a close relationship between microglia and central nerve system lymphangiogenesis. Herein, we used an in vivo model of SCI to explored the relationship between microglia and spinal cord lymphangiogenesis and further investigated the polarization of microglia and its role in promoting spinal cord lymphangiogenesis by a series of in vitro experiments. The current study elucidated for the first time the relationship between microglia and lymphangiogenesis around the spinal cord after SCI. Classical activated (M1) microglia can promote lymphangiogenesis by secreting VEGF-C which further increases polarization and secretion of lymphatic growth factor by activating VEGFR3. The VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway activation downregulates microglia autophagy, thereby regulating the microglia phenotype. These results indicate that M1 microglia promote lymphangiogenesis after SCI, and activated VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling promotes M1 microglia polarization by inhibiting autophagy, thereby facilitates lymphangiogenesis.
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Grants
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 202102020768 Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072433 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
- 2214050002081 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyang Xian
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Mengxuan Dai
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Minye He
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Zhengnong Wei
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Yutao Jiang
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Shiyong Le
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Zhuoang Lin
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Jinzheng Liang
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Tianhe District, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshandadao West 183, Guangzhou City, 510000, China.
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2
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Hou Y, Zhang W, Le VNH, Deng S, Hadrian K, Mestanoglu M, Musial G, Bock F, Cursiefen C. Efficacy and safety of combined UV-light corneal crosslinking and fine-needle diathermy to regress pathological murine corneal (lymph)angiogenesis in vivo. Acta Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38687167 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare safety and efficacy of isolated and combined UV-light corneal crosslinking (CXL) and fine-needle diathermy (FND) to regress pathological corneal vessels in vivo. METHODS Mice with inflamed and pathologically vascularized corneas received CXL or FND as monotherapy or a combination of both treatments. Corneal pathological blood and lymphatic vessels, immune cells and the morphology of anterior segment structures were evaluated. RESULTS All three approaches were able to regress blood and lymphatic vessels in mice. A comparative analysis of the three methods revealed that the FND monotherapy and the CXL + FND combination were significantly more effective than the CXL monotherapy, one and 2 weeks after therapy and especially in regressing lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, the combination therapy induced significantly less immune cell recruitment compared to the monotherapies. All three methods were safe to use in regards of corneal integrity. CONCLUSIONS A combination of FND and CXL led to regression of pathological corneal lymphatic and blood vessels and reduced the infiltration of immune cells into inflamed murine corneas. This approach offers a new effective, safe and clinically usable strategy to treat eyes with mature pathological blood vessels and even more so for lymphatic vessels, for example prior to high-risk corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Viet Nhat Hung Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hue College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shuya Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Gwen Musial
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Koln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
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3
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Hadrian K, Cursiefen C. The role of lymphatic vessels in corneal fluid homeostasis and wound healing. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38252213 PMCID: PMC10803698 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea, essential for vision, is normally avascular, transparent, and immune-privileged. However, injuries or infections can break this privilege, allowing blood and lymphatic vessels to invade, potentially impairing vision and causing immune responses. This review explores the complex role of corneal lymphangiogenesis in health and diseases. Traditionally, the cornea was considered devoid of lymphatic vessels, a phenomenon known as "corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege." Recent advances in molecular markers have enabled the discovery of lymphatic vessels in the cornea under certain conditions. Several molecules contribute to preserving both immune and lymphangiogenic privileges. Lymphangiogenesis, primarily driven by VEGF family members, can occur directly or indirectly through macrophage recruitment. Corneal injuries and diseases disrupt these privileges, reducing graft survival rates following transplantation. However, modulation of lymphangiogenesis offers potential interventions to promote graft survival and expedite corneal edema resolution.This review underscores the intricate interplay between lymphatic vessels, immune privilege, and corneal pathologies, highlighting innovative therapeutic possibilities. Future investigations should explore the modulation of lymphangiogenesis to enhance corneal health and transparency, as well as corneal graft survival, and this benefits patients with various corneal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Subileau M, Vittet D. Ontogenesis of the Mouse Ocular Surface Lymphatic Vascular Network. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:7. [PMID: 38054922 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ocular lymphatic vessels play major physiological role in eye homeostasis and their dysfunction can contribute to the progression of several eye diseases. In this study, we characterized their spatiotemporal development and the cellular mechanisms occurring during their ontogenesis in the mouse eye. Methods Whole mount immunofluorescent staining and imaging by standard or lightsheet fluorescence microscopy were performed on late embryonic and early postnatal eye mouse samples. Results We observed that the ocular surface lymphatic vascular network develops at the early postnatal stages (between P0 and P5) from two nascent trunks arising at the nasal side on both sides of the nictitating membrane. These nascent vessels further branch and encircle the whole eye surface by sprouting lymphangiogenesis. In addition, we got evidence for the existence of a transient lymphvasculogenesis process generating lymphatic vessel fragments that will mostly formed the corneolimbal lymphatic vasculature which further connect to the conjunctival lymphatic network. Our results also support that CD206-positive macrophages can transdifferentiate and then integrate into the lymphatic neovessels. Conclusions Several complementary cellular processes participate in the development of the lymphatic ocular surface vasculature. This knowledge paves the way for the design of new therapeutic strategies to interfere with ocular lymphatic vessel formation when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Subileau
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Vittet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, Grenoble, France
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5
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Xia D, Toy R, Pradhan P, Hejri A, Chae J, Grossniklaus HE, Cursiefen C, Roy K, Prausnitz MR. Enhanced immune responses to vaccine antigens in the corneal stroma. J Control Release 2023; 353:434-446. [PMID: 36462639 PMCID: PMC9892265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To examine the widely accepted dogma that the eye is an immune-privileged organ that can suppress antigen immunogenicity, we explored systemic immune responses to a model vaccine antigen (tetanus toxoid) delivered to six compartments of the rodent eye (ocular surface, corneal stroma, anterior chamber, subconjunctival space, suprachoroidal space, vitreous body). We discovered that antigens delivered to corneal stroma induced enhanced, rather than suppressed, antigen-specific immune responses, which were 18- to 30-fold greater than conventional intramuscular injection and comparable to intramuscular vaccination with alum adjuvant. Systemic immune responses to antigen delivered to the other ocular compartments were much weaker. The enhanced systemic immune responses after intrastromal injection were related to a sequence of events involving the formation of an antigen "depot" in the avascular stroma, infiltration of antigen-presenting cells, up-regulation of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, and induction of lymphangiogenesis in the corneal stroma facilitating sustained presentation of antigen to the lymphatic system. These enhanced immune responses in corneal stroma suggest new approaches to medical interventions for ocular immune diseases and vaccination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengning Xia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Randall Toy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Pallab Pradhan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amir Hejri
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jeremy Chae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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7
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Pačes J, Knížková K, Tušková L, Grobárová V, Zadražil Z, Boes M, Černý J. MHC II - EGFP knock-in mouse model is a suitable tool for systems and quantitative immunology. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:75-85. [PMID: 36332824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunology is a rapidly evolving field of research with sophisticated models and methods. However, detailed data on total immune cell counts and population distributions remain surprisingly scarce. Nevertheless, recently established quantitative approaches could help us understand the overall complexity of the immune system. Here, we studied a major histocompatibility complexclass II - enhanced green fluorescent protein knock-in mouse model to precisely identify and manipulate lymphoid structures. By combining flow cytometry with light sheet microscopy, we quantified MHC II+ populations of the small intestine and associated individual mesenteric lymph nodes, with 36.7 × 106 cells in lamina propria, 3.0 × 105 cells in scattered lymphoid tissue and 1.1 × 106 cells in Peyer's patches. In addition to these whole-organ cell counts, we assessed approximately 1 × 106 total villi in the small intestine and 450 scattered lymphoid tissue follicles. By direct noninvasive microscopic observation of a naturally fully translucent mouse organ, the cornea, we quantified 12 ± 4 and 35 ± 7 cells/mm2 Langerhans- and macrophage-like populations, respectively. Ultimately, our findings show that flow cytometry with quantitative imaging data analysis enables us to avoid methodological discrepancies while gaining new insights into the relevance of organ-specific quantitative approaches for immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pačes
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Knížková
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liliana Tušková
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valéria Grobárová
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Zadražil
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Černý
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Zhang Z, Zhang N, Yu J, Xu W, Gao J, Lv X, Wen Z. The Role of Podoplanin in the Immune System and Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3561-3572. [PMID: 35747250 PMCID: PMC9212786 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small cell-surface mucin-like glycoprotein that participates in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Podoplanin exerts an important function in the immune response and is upregulated in fibroblasts, macrophages, T helper cells, and epithelial cells during inflammation. Herein, we summarize the latest knowledge on the functional expression of podoplanin in the immune system and review the contribution of podoplanin to several inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss podoplanin as a novel therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lan C, Liu G, Huang L, Wang X, Tan J, Wang Y, Fan N, Zhu Y, Yu M, Liu X. Forkhead Domain Inhibitor-6 Suppresses Corneal Neovascularization and Subsequent Fibrosis After Alkali Burn in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 35446346 PMCID: PMC9034725 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Forkhead Domain Inhibitor-6 (FDI-6) on regulating inflammatory corneal angiogenesis and subsequent fibrosis induced by alkali burn. Methods A corneal alkali burn model was established in Sprague Dawley rats using NaOH and the rat eyes were topically treated with FDI-6 (40 µM) or a control vehicle four times daily for 7 days. Corneal neovascularization, inflammation and epithelial defects were observed on days 1, 4, and 7 under a slit lamp microscope after corneal alkali burn. Analysis of angiogenesis-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related indicators was conducted on day 7. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (MRMECs) were used to examine the effects of FDI-6 on inflammatory angiogenesis in vitro. Results Topical delivery of FDI-6 significantly attenuated alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrosis. FDI-6 suppressed the expression of angiogenic factors (vascular epidermal growth factor, CD31, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and endothelial NO synthase), fibrotic factors (α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin), and pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-6 in alkali-injured corneas. FDI-6 downregulated the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in RAW264.7 cells and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of MRMECs in vitro. Conclusions FDI-6 can attenuate corneal neovascularization, inflammation, and fibrosis in alkali-injured corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Lan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longxiang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junkai Tan
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the 2nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Gao Y, Li C, Li X, Zhang M. Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1261-1267. [PMID: 34909477 PMCID: PMC8642820 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fatty keratopathy is used to describe the phenomenon of fat deposition caused by corneal neovascularization, which will severely affect the eye's beauty and vision. The purpose of this study was to establish a New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy, that is, the establishment of an animal model of fatty keratopathy. The goal was achieved by the combination of a corneal neovascularization animal model and a hyperlipidemia animal model. Two groups were created according to the experimental sequence. The first group initially induced a corneal neovascularization pattern and later induced a hyperlipidemia pattern, and the second group followed the opposite sequence. The results of the two groups showed that all the significant crystalline deposits of the cornea were visible. So the animal models of fatty keratopathy were successfully established in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Gao
- Ophthalmology Department, The Eighth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Cong Li
- Ophthalmology Department, The Eighth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Ophthalmology Department, The Eighth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Minghong Zhang
- Refraction Department, Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, Qingdao 266400, China
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11
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Zhu J, Inomata T, Di Zazzo A, Kitazawa K, Okumura Y, Coassin M, Surico PL, Fujio K, Yanagawa A, Miura M, Akasaki Y, Fujimoto K, Nagino K, Midorikawa-Inomata A, Hirosawa K, Kuwahara M, Huang T, Shokirova H, Eguchi A, Murakami A. Role of Immune Cell Diversity and Heterogeneity in Corneal Graft Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204667. [PMID: 34682792 PMCID: PMC8537034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is one of the most successful forms of solid organ transplantation; however, immune rejection is still a major cause of corneal graft failure. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in allograft tolerance. Therefore, immune cells, cytokines, and signal-transduction pathways are critical therapeutic targets. In this analysis, we aimed to review the current literature on various immunotherapeutic approaches for corneal-allograft rejection using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Retrievable data for meta-analysis were screened and assessed. The review, which evaluated multiple immunotherapeutic approaches to prevent corneal allograft rejection, showed extensive involvement of innate and adaptive immunity components. Understanding the contribution of this immune diversity to the ocular surface is critical for ensuring corneal allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1228
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.D.Z.); (M.C.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Koji Kitazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6020841, Japan;
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.D.Z.); (M.C.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.D.Z.); (M.C.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Ai Yanagawa
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
| | - Akie Midorikawa-Inomata
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Mizu Kuwahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsuko Eguchi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
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12
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Klaourakis K, Vieira JM, Riley PR. The evolving cardiac lymphatic vasculature in development, repair and regeneration. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:368-379. [PMID: 33462421 PMCID: PMC7812989 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has an essential role in maintaining normal fluid balance in tissues and modulating the inflammatory response to injury or pathogens. Disruption of normal development or function of lymphatic vessels can have severe consequences. In the heart, reduced lymphatic function can lead to myocardial oedema and persistent inflammation. Macrophages, which are phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, contribute to cardiac development and to fibrotic repair and regeneration of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. In this Review, we discuss the cardiac lymphatic vasculature with a focus on developments over the past 5 years arising from the study of mammalian and zebrafish model organisms. In addition, we examine the interplay between the cardiac lymphatics and macrophages during fibrotic repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the cardiac lymphatic network to regulate immune cell content and alleviate inflammation in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Klaourakis
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- British Heart Foundation-Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquim M Vieira
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- British Heart Foundation-Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul R Riley
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- British Heart Foundation-Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Hadrian K, Willenborg S, Bock F, Cursiefen C, Eming SA, Hos D. Macrophage-Mediated Tissue Vascularization: Similarities and Differences Between Cornea and Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667830. [PMID: 33897716 PMCID: PMC8058454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue vascularization both in health and disease. In multiple tissues, macrophages have been identified as important regulators of both blood and lymphatic vessel growth, specifically following tissue injury and in pathological inflammatory responses. In development, macrophages have also been implicated in limiting vascular growth. Hence, macrophages provide an important therapeutic target to modulate tissue vascularization in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms how macrophages mediate tissue vascularization are still not entirely resolved. Furthermore, mechanisms might also vary among different tissues. Here we review the role of macrophages in tissue vascularization with a focus on their role in blood and lymphatic vessel formation in the barrier tissues cornea and skin. Comparing mechanisms of macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis in the angiogenically privileged cornea and the physiologically vascularized skin provides an opportunity to highlight similarities but also tissue-specific differences, and to understand how macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis can be exploited for the treatment of disease, including corneal wound healing after injury, graft rejection after corneal transplantation or pathological vascularization of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Developmental Biology Unit, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Liu XN, Mi SL, Chen Y, Wang Y. Corneal stromal mesenchymal stem cells: reconstructing a bioactive cornea and repairing the corneal limbus and stromal microenvironment. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:448-455. [PMID: 33747824 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.03.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal stroma-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CS-MSCs) are mainly distributed in the anterior part of the corneal stroma near the corneal limbal stem cells (LSCs). CS-MSCs are stem cells with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential. A large amount of data confirmed that CS-MSCs can be induced to differentiate into functional keratocytes in vitro, which is the motive force for maintaining corneal transparency and producing a normal corneal stroma. CS-MSCs are also an important component of the limbal microenvironment. Furthermore, they are of great significance in the reconstruction of ocular surface tissue and tissue engineering for active biocornea construction. In this paper, the localization and biological characteristics of CS-MSCs, the use of CS-MSCs to reconstruct a tissue-engineered active biocornea, and the repair of the limbal and matrix microenvironment by CS-MSCs are reviewed, and their application prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ning Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Xi'an; Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Li Mi
- Open FIESTA Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China.,Biomanufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Open FIESTA Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Xi'an; Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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15
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Cahill TJ, Sun X, Ravaud C, Villa Del Campo C, Klaourakis K, Lupu IE, Lord AM, Browne C, Jacobsen SEW, Greaves DR, Jackson DG, Cowley SA, James W, Choudhury RP, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Tissue-resident macrophages regulate lymphatic vessel growth and patterning in the developing heart. Development 2021; 148:dev.194563. [PMID: 33462113 PMCID: PMC7875498 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are components of the innate immune system with key roles in tissue inflammation and repair. It is now evident that macrophages also support organogenesis, but few studies have characterized their identity, ontogeny and function during heart development. Here, we show that the distribution and prevalence of resident macrophages in the subepicardial compartment of the developing heart coincides with the emergence of new lymphatics, and that macrophages interact closely with the nascent lymphatic capillaries. Consequently, global macrophage deficiency led to extensive vessel disruption, with mutant hearts exhibiting shortened and mis-patterned lymphatics. The origin of cardiac macrophages was linked to the yolk sac and foetal liver. Moreover, the Cx3cr1+ myeloid lineage was found to play essential functions in the remodelling of the lymphatic endothelium. Mechanistically, macrophage hyaluronan was required for lymphatic sprouting by mediating direct macrophage-lymphatic endothelial cell interactions. Together, these findings reveal insight into the role of macrophages as indispensable mediators of lymphatic growth during the development of the mammalian cardiac vasculature. Highlighted Article: Tissue-resident macrophages are indispensable mediators of lymphatic vessel formation during heart development, and function to remodel the vascular plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cahill
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Xin Sun
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Christophe Ravaud
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Cristina Villa Del Campo
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Klaourakis
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Irina-Elena Lupu
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Allegra M Lord
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Cathy Browne
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK .,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK .,British Heart Foundation - Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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16
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Li Z, Chen J, Lei L, Jiang N, Zhu Y, Jia Y, Zhuo Y, Su W. Laquinimod Inhibits Inflammation-Induced Angiogenesis in the Cornea. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:598056. [PMID: 33244468 PMCID: PMC7683777 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.598056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation-induced angiogenesis plays a critical role in many eye diseases, and abnormal angiogenesis inhibition is regarded as a therapeutic approach. Here, we examined the effects of laquinimod on inflammatory corneal angiogenesis. Methods: Mouse model of corneal neovascularization was induced by NaOH. Laquinimod or control vehicle were topically applied to alkali-treated eyes twice a day for 10 days. Corneal neovascularization, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and the levels of chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed. RAW cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used in vitro to further explore the underlying mechanisms of the effects of laquinimod on inflammation-induced angiogenesis. Results: Topical administration of laquinimod to the injured corneas dramatically inhibited alkali-induced corneal neovascularization and decreased inflammatory cell (such as macrophage) infiltration in a corneal injury mouse model. Laquinimod significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain adaptor protein in both injured corneas and RAW cells. In vitro, laquinimod also dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusion: Laquinimod inhibits inflammation-induced angiogenesis in the cornea. These results suggest that laquinimod is a potential new therapeutic option for corneal neovascularization and other angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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To B, Isaac D, Andrechek ER. Studying Lymphatic Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Current Models, Strategies, and Clinical Perspectives. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:191-203. [PMID: 33034778 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although early detection has significantly decreased breast cancer mortality, patients diagnosed with distant metastasis still have a very poor prognosis. The most common site that breast cancer spreads to are local lymph nodes. Therefore, the presence of lymph node metastasis remains one of most important prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. Given its significant clinical implications, increased efforts have been dedicated to better understand the molecular mechanism governing lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. The identification of lymphatic-specific biomarkers, including podoplanin and LYVE-1, has propelled the field of lymphatic metastasis forward. In addition, several animal models such as cell line-derived xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, and spontaneous tumor models have been developed to recreate the process of lymphatic metastasis. Moreover, the incorporation of various -omic platforms have provided further insight into the genetic drivers facilitating lymphatic metastasis, as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight various models of lymphatic metastasis, their potential pitfalls, and other tools available to study lymphatic metastasis including imaging modalities and -omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana To
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Isaac
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, MSU Breslin Cancer Center, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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18
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Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB, Montgomery ML, Sallack R, Carr DJJ. Loss of Osteopontin Expression Reduces HSV-1-Induced Corneal Opacity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32785676 PMCID: PMC7441335 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal opacity and neovascularization (NV) are often described as outcomes of severe herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The current study investigated the role of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)+ cells and soluble factors in the progression of HSV-1-induced corneal NV and opacity. Methods MaFIA mice were infected with 500 plaque-forming units of HSV-1 in the cornea following scarification. From day 10 to day 13 post-infection (pi), mice were treated with 40 µg/day of AP20187 (macrophage ablation) or vehicle intraperitoneally. For osteopontin (OPN) neutralization experiments, C57BL/6 mice were infected as above and treated with 2 µg of goat anti-mouse OPN or isotypic control IgG subconjunctivally every 2 days from day 4 to day 12 pi. Mice were euthanized on day 14 pi, and tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry to quantify NV and opacity by confocal microscopy and absorbance or detection of pro- and anti-angiogenic and inflammatory factors and cells by suspension array analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Results In the absence of CSF1R+ cells, HSV-1-induced blood and lymphatic vessel growth was muted. These results correlated with a loss in fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF-2) and an increase in OPN expression in the infected cornea. However, a reduction in OPN expression in mice did not alter corneal NV but significantly reduced opacity. Conclusions Our data suggest that CSF1R+ cell depletion results in a significant reduction in HSV-1-induced corneal NV that correlates with the loss of FGF-2 expression. A reduction in OPN expression was aligned with a significant drop in opacity associated with reduced corneal collagen disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Filiberti
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Micaela L Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Renee Sallack
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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19
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Jamali A, Kenyon B, Ortiz G, Abou-Slaybi A, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100877. [PMID: 32717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following development, they typically home to secondary lymphoid tissues. While peripheral tissues are generally devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues, including the lung, kidney, vagina, and in particular ocular tissues harbor resident pDCs. pDCs were originally appreciated for their potential to produce large quantities of type I interferons in viral immunity. Subsequent studies have now unraveled their pivotal role in mediating immune responses, in particular in the induction of tolerance. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on pDCs in ocular tissues in both mice and humans, in particular in the cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, choroid, retina, and lacrimal gland. Further, we will review our current understanding on the significance of pDCs in ameliorating inflammatory responses during herpes simplex virus keratitis, sterile inflammation, and corneal transplantation. Moreover, we describe their novel and pivotal neuroprotective role, their key function in preserving corneal angiogenic privilege, as well as their potential application as a cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdo Abou-Slaybi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Wu M, Downie LE, Grover LM, Moakes RJA, Rauz S, Logan A, Jiao H, Hill LJ, Chinnery HR. The neuroregenerative effects of topical decorin on the injured mouse cornea. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:142. [PMID: 32366307 PMCID: PMC7199348 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cornea is innervated with a rich supply of sensory nerves that play important roles in ocular surface health. Any injury or pathology of the corneal nerves increases the risk of dry eye disease and infection. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of topical decorin to improve corneal nerve regeneration in a mouse model of sterile epithelial abrasion injury. Methods Bilateral central corneal epithelial abrasions (2-mm, Alger Brush) were performed on young C57BL/6 J mice to remove the corneal sensory nerves. Decorin, or vehicle, was applied topically, three times per day for 1 week or every 2 h for 6 h. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was performed to measure the abrasion area and corneal thickness. Wholemount immunofluorescence staining was used to assess sensory nerve regeneration (β-tubulin III) and immune cell density (CD45, Iba1, CD11c). To investigate the specific role of dendritic cells (DCs), Cx3cr1gfp/gfp mice, which spontaneously lack resident corneal epithelial DCs, were also investigated. The effect of prophylactic topical administration of recombinant human decorin (applied prior to the abrasion) was also investigated. Nerve tracing (NeuronJ software) was performed to compare recovery of basal nerve axons and superficial nerve terminals in the central and peripheral cornea. Results At 6 h after injury, topical decorin application was associated with greater intraepithelial DC recruitment but no change in re-epithelialisation or corneal thickness, compared to the vehicle control. One week after injury, sub-basal nerve plexus and superficial nerve terminal density were significantly higher in the central cornea in the decorin-treated eyes. The density of corneal stromal macrophages in the decorin-treated eyes and their contralateral eyes was significantly lower compared to saline-treated corneas. No significant improvement in corneal nerve regeneration was observed in Cx3cr1gfp/gfp mice treated with decorin. Conclusions Decorin promotes corneal epithelial nerve regeneration after injury. The neuroregenerative effect of topical decorin was associated with a higher corneal DC density during the acute phase, and fewer macrophages at the study endpoint. The corneal neuroregenerative effects of decorin were absent in mice lacking intraepithelial DCs. Together, these findings support a role for decorin in DC-mediated neuroregeneration following corneal abrasion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Wu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard J A Moakes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Haihan Jiao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Holly R Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
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21
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Brezovakova V, Jadhav S. Identification of Lyve-1 positive macrophages as resident cells in meninges of rats. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2021-2032. [PMID: 32003471 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Meningeal immunity along with its associated lymphatic vasculatures is widely discussed recently. Lymphatic vessels in meninges drain interstitial fluid into the deep-cervical lymph nodes. The vessels are composed of cells that express the cardinal marker for lymphatic endothelium-the lymphatic vessel hyaluronan receptor-1 (Lyve-1). However, studies also show the presence of nonendothelial Lyve-1 expressing cells in certain tissues. Therefore, we were curious if nonendothelial Lyve-1+ cells are also present in dura mater of meninges. We show that Lyve-1+ endothelial cells are distributed adjacent to the blood vessels in the brain dura mater of rats. We did not observe any lymphatic vessels in spinal dura mater. Interestingly, we also observed isolated population of nonlymphatic Lyve-1+ cells in both brain and spinal dura mater. Morphologically, the Lyve-1+ cells were extensively pleomorphic, sometimes elongated or round. Surprisingly, the thoracolumbal meningeal Lyve-1+ cells were predominantly round in morphology. Using endothelial specific marker VEGFR3 and macrophage markers CD68 and CD169, we observed that the isolated Lyve-1+ cells lacked endothelial cell signature, but were either CD68+ or CD169+ macrophages. Moreover, we observed that the Lyve-1+ cells colocalized with collagen fibers in the meninges, and some of Lyve-1+ cells had intracellular collagen. The study for the first time demonstrates the presence of Lyve-1 positive macrophages in the lymphatic and nonlymphatic regions in the meninges of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brezovakova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Hos D, Matthaei M, Bock F, Maruyama K, Notara M, Clahsen T, Hou Y, Le VNH, Salabarria AC, Horstmann J, Bachmann BO, Cursiefen C. Immune reactions after modern lamellar (DALK, DSAEK, DMEK) versus conventional penetrating corneal transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100768. [PMID: 31279005 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, novel lamellar keratoplasty techniques such as Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) for anterior keratoplasty and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK)/Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for posterior keratoplasty have been developed. DALK eliminates the possibility of endothelial allograft rejection, which is the main reason for graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Compared to PK, the risk of endothelial graft rejection is significantly reduced after DSAEK/DMEK. Thus, with modern lamellar techniques, the clinical problem of endothelial graft rejection seems to be nearly solved in the low-risk situation. However, even with lamellar grafts there are epithelial, subepithelial and stromal immune reactions in DALK and endothelial immune reactions in DSAEK/DMEK, and not all keratoplasties can be performed in a lamellar fashion. Therefore, endothelial graft rejection in PK is still highly relevant, especially in the "high-risk" setting, where the cornea's (lymph)angiogenic and immune privilege is lost due to severe inflammation and pathological neovascularization. For these eyes, currently available treatment options are still unsatisfactory. In this review, we will describe currently used keratoplasty techniques, namely PK, DALK, DSAEK, and DMEK. We will summarize their indications, provide surgical descriptions, and comment on their complications and outcomes. Furthermore, we will give an overview on corneal transplant immunology. A specific focus will be placed on endothelial graft rejection and we will report on its incidence, clinical presentation, and current/future treatment and prevention options. Finally, we will speculate how the field of keratoplasty and prevention of corneal allograft rejection will develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Viet Nhat Hung Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Hue College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Viet Nam
| | | | - Jens Horstmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bjoern O Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Hori J, Yamaguchi T, Keino H, Hamrah P, Maruyama K. Immune privilege in corneal transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100758. [PMID: 31014973 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the most successful solid organ transplantation performed in humans. The extraordinary success of orthotopic corneal allografts, in both humans and experimental animals, is related to the phenomenon of "immune privilege". Inflammation is self-regulated to preserve ocular functions because the eye has immune privilege. At present, three major mechanisms are considered to provide immune privilege in corneal transplantation: 1) anatomical, cellular, and molecular barriers in the cornea; 2) tolerance related to anterior chamber-associated immune deviation and regulatory T cells; and 3) an immunosuppressive intraocular microenvironment. This review describes the mechanisms of immune privilege that have been elucidated from animal models of ocular inflammation, especially those involving corneal transplantation, and its relevance for the clinic. An update on molecular, cellular, and neural interactions in local and systemic immune regulation is provided. Therapeutic strategies for restoring immune privilege are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, 1-7-1 Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8512, Japan.
| | - Takefumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Mukwaya A, Jensen L, Peebo B, Lagali N. MicroRNAs in the cornea: Role and implications for treatment of corneal neovascularization. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:400-411. [PMID: 30959113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With no safe and efficient approved therapy available for treating corneal neovascularization, the search for alternative and effective treatments is of great importance. Since the discovery of miRNAs as key regulators of gene expression, knowledge of their function in the eye has expanded continuously, facilitated by high throughput genomic tools such as microarrays and RNA sequencing. Recently, reports have emerged implicating miRNAs in pathological and developmental angiogenesis. This has led to the idea of targeting these regulatory molecules as a therapeutic approach for treating corneal neovascularization. With the growing volume of data generated from high throughput tools applied to study corneal neovascularization, we provide here a focused review of the known miRNAs related to corneal neovascularization, while presenting new experimental data and insights for future research and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
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25
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Podoplanin in Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030707. [PMID: 30736372 PMCID: PMC6386838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small cell-surface mucin-like glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the development of the alveoli, heart, and lymphatic vascular system. Emerging evidence indicates that it is also involved in the control of mammary stem-cell activity and biogenesis of platelets in the bone marrow, and exerts an important function in the immune response. Podoplanin expression is upregulated in different cell types, including fibroblasts, macrophages, T helper cells, and epithelial cells, during inflammation and cancer, where it plays important roles. Podoplanin is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, promotes inflammation-driven and cancer-associated thrombosis, and stimulates cancer cell invasion and metastasis through a variety of strategies. To accomplish its biological functions, podoplanin must interact with other proteins located in the same cell or in neighbor cells. The binding of podoplanin to its ligands leads to modulation of signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, contractility, migration, epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we describe the diverse roles of podoplanin in inflammation and cancer, depict the protein ligands of podoplanin identified so far, and discuss the mechanistic basis for the involvement of podoplanin in all these processes.
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Phase-specific functions of macrophages determine injury-mediated corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:308. [PMID: 30670724 PMCID: PMC6343005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of injury-associated corneal hemangiogenesis (HA) and lymphangiogenesis (LA). Yet, molecular regulators of the hem- and lymphangiogenic potential of corneal wound macrophages are poorly understood. Using two different mouse models of acute (perforating corneal incision injury) and chronic (corneal suture placement model) corneal injury, here we identified distinct functions of early- versus late-phase corneal wound macrophages in corneal HA and LA. Whereas early-phase wound macrophages are essential for initiation and progression of injury-mediated corneal HA and LA, late-phase wound macrophages control maintenance of established corneal lymphatic vessels, but not blood vessels. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the hem- and lymphangiogenic potential of corneal wound macrophages is controlled by the type of the corneal damage. Whereas perforating corneal incision injury induced primarily wound macrophages with lymphangiogenic potential, corneal suture placement provoked wound macrophages with both hem- and lymphangiogenic potential. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized injury-context dependent role of early- versus late-phase corneal wound macrophages with potential clinical impact on therapy development for sight-threatening corneal neovascular diseases.
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Gucciardo E, Loukovaara S, Salven P, Lehti K. Lymphatic Vascular Structures: A New Aspect in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124034. [PMID: 30551619 PMCID: PMC6321212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic microvascular complication and major cause of blindness in working-age adults. According to the level of microvascular degeneration and ischemic damage, DR is classified into non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and end-stage, proliferative DR (PDR). Despite advances in the disease etiology and pathogenesis, molecular understanding of end-stage PDR, characterized by ischemia- and inflammation-associated neovascularization and fibrosis, remains incomplete due to the limited availability of ideal clinical samples and experimental research models. Since a great portion of patients do not benefit from current treatments, improved therapies are essential. DR is known to be a complex and multifactorial disease featuring the interplay of microvascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, genetic/epigenetic, immunological, and inflammation-related factors. Particularly, deeper knowledge on the mechanisms and pathophysiology of most advanced PDR is critical. Lymphatic-like vessel formation coupled with abnormal endothelial differentiation and progenitor cell involvement in the neovascularization associated with PDR are novel recent findings which hold potential for improved DR treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of PDR pathogenesis is therefore crucial. To this goal, multidisciplinary approaches and new ex vivo models have been developed for a more comprehensive molecular, cellular and tissue-level understanding of the disease. This is the first step to gain the needed information on how PDR can be better evaluated, stratified, and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Petri Salven
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hou Y, Le VNH, Tóth G, Siebelmann S, Horstmann J, Gabriel T, Bock F, Cursiefen C. UV light crosslinking regresses mature corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and promotes subsequent high-risk corneal transplant survival. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2873-2884. [PMID: 29673063 PMCID: PMC6282984 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunologic graft rejection is the main complication after corneal transplant into pathologically prevascularized so-called high-risk eyes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ultraviolet (UV) light crosslinking can regress pathologic corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and thereby improve subsequent graft survival. Using the murine model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization, we found that corneal crosslinking with UVA light and riboflavin regressed both preexisting blood and lymphatic vessels significantly via induction of apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. In addition, macrophages and CD45+ cell counts were significantly reduced. Consistently, corneal crosslinking reduced keratocyte density and corneal thickness without affecting corneal nonvascular endothelial cells, iris, and lens depending on the crosslinking duration. Furthermore, using the murine model of corneal transplant, long-term graft survival was significantly promoted (P < .05) and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells were upregulated (P < .01) in high-risk eyes preoperatively treated with crosslinking. Our results suggest UV light crosslinking as a novel method to regress both pathologic corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and to reduce CD45+ inflammatory cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrates for the first time that preoperative corneal crosslinking in prevascularized high-risk eyes can significantly improve subsequent graft survival and may become a promising novel therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Hou
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Viet Nhat Hung Le
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Department of OphthalmologyHue College of Medicine and PharmacyHue UniversityHueVietnam
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of OphthalmologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Jens Horstmann
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Excellence Cluster: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐associated DiseasesCECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Tim Gabriel
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
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Büttner C, Clahsen T, Regenfuss B, Dreisow ML, Steiber Z, Bock F, Reis A, Cursiefen C. Tyrosinase Is a Novel Endogenous Regulator of Developmental and Inflammatory Lymphangiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:440-448. [PMID: 30448402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is critically involved in tissue fluid balance, graft rejection, and tumor metastasis. Endogenous regulation of lymphangiogenesis is poorly understood. Herein, we use the lymphatic vessel architecture at the limbal border of the normally avascular cornea, a quantitative trait under strong genetic influence, as a model system to identify new candidate genes regulating lymphangiogenesis. Comparing low-lymphangiogenic BALB/cN with high-lymphangiogenic C57BL/6N mice, we performed quantitative trait loci analysis of five phenotypes in a large BALB/cN × C57BL/6N intercross (n = 795) and identified three to eight genome-wide significant loci, the strongest on chromosome 7 containing tyrosinase (Tyr). Tyrosinase-negative mice showed significantly increased limbal lymph vascularized areas, a higher number of lymphatic vessel end points, and branching points and increased inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis. These findings confirm that tyrosinase is a novel lymphangiogenesis regulator in developmental and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Our findings link melanin synthesis with lymphangiogenesis and open new treatment options in lymphangiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büttner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Regenfuss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Zita Steiber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Yu T, Forrester JV, Graham GJ, Kuffova L. The atypical chemokine receptor-2 does not alter corneal graft survival but regulates early stage of corneal graft-induced lymphangiogenesis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1875-1882. [PMID: 30054731 PMCID: PMC6153595 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-4070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To re-evaluate the role of the atypical chemokine receptor-2 (ACKR2) in corneal graft rejection and investigate the effect of ACKR2 on inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis using murine orthotopic corneal transplantation. Methods Corneal grafts were performed and evaluated in the settings of syngeneic, allogeneic and single antigen (HY-antigen) disparity pairings. Corneal vessels were quantified in whole mounts from WT, ACKR2−/− and F4/80−/−ACKR2−/− mice that received syngeneic or allogeneic grafts using anti-CD31 and anti-Lyve-1 antibodies. Results Syngeneic corneal grafts in WT and ACKR2−/− mice were 100% accepted. Fully histo-incompatible allogeneic grafts were rapidly rejected (100%) with similar tempo in both WT and ACKR2−/− hosts. Around 50% of single-antigen (HY) disparity grafts rejected at a slow but similar tempo (60 days) in WT and ACKR2−/− mice. Prior to grafting, F4/80−/−ACKR2−/− mice had lower baseline levels of limbal blood and lymphatic vessels compared to ACKR2−/− mice. Syngeneic grafts, but not allogeneic grafts, in ACKR2−/− and F4/80−/−ACKR2−/− mice induced higher levels of lymphatic sprouting and infiltration of Lyve-1+ cells during the early (3d) post-graft (pg) stage but lymphatic density was similar to WT grafted mice by 7d pg. Conclusions Our results indicate that the chemokine scavenger receptor, ACKR2, has no role to play in the survival of allogeneic grafts. A minor role in regulation of lymphangiogenesis in the early stage of wound healing in syngeneic grafts is suggested, but this effect is probably masked by the more pronounced lymphangiogenic inflammatory response in allogeneic grafts. No additional effect was observed with the deletion of the resident macrophage gene, F4/80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - J V Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Ocular Immunology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TT, UK
| | - Lucia Kuffova
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK.
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31
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Eslani M, Putra I, Shen X, Hamouie J, Tadepalli A, Anwar KN, Kink JA, Ghassemi S, Agnihotri G, Reshetylo S, Mashaghi A, Dana R, Hematti P, Djalilian AR. Cornea-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapeutically Modulate Macrophage Immunophenotype and Angiogenic Function. Stem Cells 2018; 36:775-784. [PMID: 29341332 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial drivers of inflammatory corneal neovascularization and thus are potential targets for immunomodulatory therapies. We hypothesized that therapeutic use of cornea-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) may alter the function of macrophages. We found that cMSCs can modulate the phenotype and angiogenic function of macrophages. In vitro, cMSCs induce apoptosis of macrophages while preferentially promoting a distinct CD14hi CD16hi CD163hi CD206hi immunophenotype that has significantly reduced angiogenic effects based on in vitro angiogenesis assays. In vivo, application of cMSCs to murine corneas after injury leads to reduced macrophage infiltration and higher expression of CD206 in macrophages. Macrophages cocultured ("educated") by cMSCs express significantly higher levels of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors compared with control macrophages. In vivo, injured corneas treated with cMSC-educated macrophages demonstrate significantly less neovascularization compared with corneas treated with control macrophages. Knocking down the expression of pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) in cMSCs significantly abrogates its modulating effects on macrophages, as shown by the reduced rate of apoptosis, decreased expression of sFLT-1/PEDF, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the cocultured macrophages. Similarly, cMSCs isolated from PEDF knockout mice are less effective compared with wild-type cMSCs at inhibiting macrophage infiltration when applied to wild-type corneas after injury. Overall, these results demonstrate that cMSCs therapeutically suppress the angiogenic capacity of macrophages and highlight the role of cMSC secreted PEDF in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function. Stem Cells 2018;36:775-784.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Eslani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ilham Putra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiang Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Judy Hamouie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Asha Tadepalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Khandaker N Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John A Kink
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samaneh Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaurav Agnihotri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sofiya Reshetylo
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bignami F, Lorusso A, Rama P, Ferrari G. Growth inhibition of formed corneal neovascularization following Fosaprepitant treatment. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e641-e648. [PMID: 28205389 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) antagonist -Fosaprepitant- in inducing regression of established corneal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS Twenty C57BL/6 mice underwent alkali burn. Seven days later, when corneal neovessels had developed, they received Fosaprepitant 10 mg/ml, administered topically six times a day in the right eye for 10 days. In parallel, a group of 20 causticated mice was treated with normal saline, as control. A second independent experiment was also performed (n = 10/group). Finally, ten healthy mice received the same topical treatment for 10 days to evaluate Fosaprepitant safety. Haemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were measured by means of vesselj plugin (imagej). Secondary endpoints, such as leucocyte infiltration, corneal opacity and corneal fluorescein staining were also evaluated. Inflammatory cell composition was assessed by flow cytometry. Differences between groups were assessed using unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test or two-way anova, as appropriate. RESULTS Topical Fosaprepitant administration induced a significant reduction of (i) CD31+ blood corneal neovessels (-27%, p = 0.0132), (ii) LYVE1+ lymphatic corneal neovessels (-31%, p = 0.0118) and (iii) CD45+ leucocyte infiltration (-36%; p = 0.0237). The second independent experiment confirmed these data. Moreover, Fosaprepitant-treated corneas showed a reduction in opacity, no impairment in corneal fluorescein staining and decreased infiltration of neutrophils (-72%, p < 0.05) and macrophages (-75%, p < 0.01). Finally, topical Fosaprepitant was not toxic to the ocular surface: no signs of conjunctivitis, opacity, perforations or corneal fluorescein staining were detected. Similarly, corneal TUJ1+ nerve density was not affected. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NK-1R antagonists, such as Fosaprepitant, could be a new, promising therapeutic tool to inhibit CNV after this has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bignami
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Anna Lorusso
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
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33
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Swamynathan S, Loughner CL, Swamynathan SK. Inhibition of HUVEC tube formation via suppression of NFκB suggests an anti-angiogenic role for SLURP1 in the transparent cornea. Exp Eye Res 2017; 164:118-128. [PMID: 28803936 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the Secreted Ly6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) serves an important immunomodulatory function in the ocular surface. Here, we examine the involvement of SLURP1 in regulating corneal angiogenic privilege. Slurp1 expression detected by QPCR, immunoblots and immunofluorescent stain, was significantly decreased in mouse corneas subjected to alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV). Addition of exogenous SLURP1 (6XHis-tagged, E. coli expressed and partially purified using Ni-ion columns) significantly suppressed the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. SLURP1 suppressed the HUVEC tube length, tube area and number of branch points, without affecting their viability and/or proliferation. Exogenous SLURP1 in HUVEC also suppressed the TNF-α-induced (i) interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α production, (ii) adhesion to different components of the extracellular matrix, (iii) migration, and (iv) nuclear localization of NFκB. Together, these results demonstrate that SLURP1 suppresses HUVEC tube formation by blocking nuclear translocation of NFκB, and suggest a potential role for SLURP1 in promoting corneal angiogenic privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
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34
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Chinnery HR, McMenamin PG, Dando SJ. Macrophage physiology in the eye. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:501-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Kuffova L, Knickelbein JE, Yu T, Medina C, Amescua G, Rowe AM, Hendricks RL, Forrester JV. High-Risk Corneal Graft Rejection in the Setting of Previous Corneal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 Infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:1578-87. [PMID: 27050878 PMCID: PMC4824377 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The “high-risk phenotype” of corneal graft recipients is considered to be related to preexisting vascularization such as that associated with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) keratitis (HSK). The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunologic mechanisms underlying accelerated corneal graft rejection using a mouse model of HSK. Methods Herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis was induced in BALB/c mice. Syngeneic and allogeneic (C57BL/6 mice) corneal grafts were performed in mice with HSK at different times after infection. Some grafts were performed on HSV-infected CD4 T cell–deficient BALB/c mice. Clinical, histologic, immunologic, and virus detection studies were performed on samples of cornea, draining lymph node (LN), and trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells. Results Corneal grafts in mice with HSK rejected with higher frequency and more rapid tempo compared with grafts in uninfected mice. In corneas with HSK and vascularization at the time of grafting, both syngeneic and allogeneic corneal grafts failed with similar frequency and tempo. However, in the absence of preexisting inflammation and vascularization, syngeneic grafts were accepted when the grafts were performed at a late time point after HSV infection (42 days), whereas allografts were rejected at this time. In contrast, syngeneic grafts in nonvascularized HSV-infected recipients failed if they were performed within 10 days of HSV infection, an effect that was dependent on CD4 T cells, as demonstrated using CD4 deficient mice. Importantly, a variably sustained but strongly positive anti-HSV T-cell response was detected in allografted HSK recipients with a similar but lesser response in syngeneic hosts. Conclusions A previous HSV-1 corneal infection predisposes donor grafts to a high risk of failure by both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in which an anti-HSV CD4 T-cell response plays a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kuffova
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jared E Knickelbein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tian Yu
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexander M Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert L Hendricks
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3Departments of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unite
| | - John V Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom 4Ocular Immunology
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Wong LL, Lee NG, Amarnani D, Choi CJ, Bielenberg DR, Freitag SK, D'Amore PA, Kim LA. Orbital Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Thyroid Eye Disease: An Analysis of Vascular Growth Factors with Clinical Correlation. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:2028-36. [PMID: 27423310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The human orbit is an environment that is vulnerable to inflammation and edema in the setting of autoimmune thyroid disease. Our study investigated the tenet that orbital adipose tissue lacks lymphatic vessels and analyzed the clinicopathologic differences between patients with acute and chronic thyroid eye disease (TED). The underlying molecular mediators of blood and lymphatic vessel formation within the orbital fat also were evaluated. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS The study included fat specimens from 26 orbits of 15 patients with TED undergoing orbital decompression. Orbital fat specimens from patients without TED as well as cadaveric orbital fat served as controls. METHODS Tissue specimens were processed as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections or frozen cryosections for immunohistochemistry. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed via quantitative (real-time) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinicopathologic correlation was made by determining the clinical activity score (CAS) of each patient with TED. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Samples were examined for vascular and lymphatic markers including podoplanin, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) by immunohistochemistry, as well as for mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors, semaphorin 3F, neuropilin 1, neuropilin 2, podoplanin, and LYVE-1 by quantitative (real-time) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Clinicopathologic correlation revealed increased staining of CD31-positive blood vessels in patients with acute TED with a CAS more than 4, as well as rare staining of podoplanin-positive lymphatic vessels within acutely inflamed orbital fat tissue. Additionally, quantitative (real-time) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated increased expression of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2 as well as VEGF signaling molecules VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. CONCLUSIONS In acute TED, compared with chronic TED and control orbital fat, there is increased blood vessel density, suggesting neovascularization and rare lymphatic vessels suggestive of limited lymphangiogenesis. This proangiogenic and prolymphangiogenic microenvironment is likely the result of the increased expression of VEGFR-2, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. These findings imply that orbital edema in acute TED may be mediated, in part, by both the formation of new, immature blood vessels and the formation of lymphatic capillaries that are functionally incapable of draining interstitial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Wong
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nahyoung Grace Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dhanesh Amarnani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne K Freitag
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leo A Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis (IAL) is frequently observed in inflammatory bowel diseases. IAL is believed to limit inflammation by enhancing fluid and immune cell clearance. Although monocytes/macrophages (MΦ) are known to contribute to intestinal pathology in inflammatory bowel disease, their role in intestinal IAL has never been studied mechanistically. We investigated contributions of monocytes/MΦ to the development of intestinal inflammation and IAL. METHODS Because inflammatory monocytes express CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), we used CCR2 diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic (CCR2.DTR) mice, in which monocytes can be depleted by diphtheria toxin injection, and CCR2 mice, which have reduced circulating monocytes. Acute or chronic colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate or adoptive transfer of CD4CD45RB T cells, respectively. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, disease activity, and histopathology, whereas IAL was assessed by lymphatic vessel morphology and density. RESULTS We demonstrated that intestinal MΦ expressed vascular endothelial growth factor-C/D. In acute colitis, monocyte-depleted mice were protected from intestinal injury and showed reduced IAL, which was reversed after transfer of wild-type monocytes into CCR2 mice. In chronic colitis, CCR2 deficiency did not attenuate inflammation but reduced IAL. CONCLUSIONS We propose a dual role of MΦ in (1) promoting acute inflammation and (2) contributing to IAL. Our data suggest that intestinal inflammation and IAL could occur independently, because IAL was reduced in the absence of monocytes/MΦ, even when inflammation was present. Future inflammatory bowel disease therapies might exploit promotion of IAL and suppression of MΦ independently, to restore lymphatic clearance and reduce inflammation.
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38
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Regenfuß B, Dreisow ML, Hos D, Masli S, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The Naïve Murine Cornea as a Model System to Identify Novel Endogenous Regulators of Lymphangiogenesis: TRAIL and rtPA. Lymphat Res Biol 2016; 13:76-84. [PMID: 26091403 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the murine cornea, which is an established model for analyzing pathologic lymphatic vessel growth, phenotypic heterogeneity of the endogenous lymphatic vessels in the limbus of the cornea was previously described. In this study, the cornea of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and FVB mice with different limbal lymphangiogenic phenotypes was analyzed to identify novel candidates potentially influencing lymphatic vessel growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Pathway specific expression analysis of the cornea was performed to identify novel candidate genes. Corneal protein expression of the respective candidates was analyzed by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. The effect of the candidates on proliferation of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) was analyzed by BrdU proliferation ELISA. Thirteen genes were differentially regulated in corneas of mouse strains with more endogenous limbal lymphatic vessels (high-lymphangiogenic) (C57BL/6) compared to mouse strains with less endogenous limbal lymphatic vessels (low-lymphangiogenic) (BALB/c, FVB). Two candidates, Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 10 (Tnfsf10/Trail) and Plasminogen activator, tissue (Plat/tPA) were expressed in the cornea of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice on the protein level. In vitro, Trail and recombinant tPA inhibited the proliferation of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Molecular analysis of the naive cornea in mouse strains with different limbal lymphatic phenotypes is a valuable model to identify novel endogenous regulators of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Regenfuß
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne , Germany
| | | | - Deniz Hos
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Sharmila Masli
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Felix Bock
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne , Germany
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Hu K, Harris DL, Yamaguchi T, von Andrian UH, Hamrah P. A Dual Role for Corneal Dendritic Cells in Herpes Simplex Keratitis: Local Suppression of Corneal Damage and Promotion of Systemic Viral Dissemination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137123. [PMID: 26332302 PMCID: PMC4557979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the shield to the foreign world and thus, a primary site for peripheral infections. However, transparency and vision are incompatible with inflammation and scarring that may result from infections. Thus, the cornea is required to perform a delicate balance between fighting infections and preserving vision. To date, little is known about the specific role of antigen-presenting cells in viral keratitis. In this study, utilizing an established murine model of primary acute herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 keratitis, we demonstrate that primary HSV keratitis results in increased conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and macrophages within 24 hours after infection. Local depletion of cDCs in CD11c-DTR mice by subconjuntival diphtheria toxin injections, led to increased viral proliferation, and influx of inflammatory cells, resulting in increased scarring and clinical keratitis. In addition, while HSV infection resulted in significant corneal nerve destruction, local depletion of cDCs resulted in a much more severe loss of corneal nerves. Further, local cDC depletion resulted in decreased corneal nerve infection, and subsequently decreased and delayed systemic viral transmission in the trigeminal ganglion and draining lymph node, resulting in decreased mortality of mice. In contrast, sham depletion or depletion of macrophages through local injection of clodronate liposomes had neither a significant impact on the cornea, nor an effect on systemic viral transmission. In conclusion, we demonstrate that corneal cDCs may play a primary role in local corneal defense during viral keratitis and preserve vision, at the cost of inducing systemic viral dissemination, leading to increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cornea Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Immune Disease Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deshea L. Harris
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Immune Disease Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takefumi Yamaguchi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cornea Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Immune Disease Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Immune Disease Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cornea Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Immune Disease Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Faraj LA, Said DG, Al-Aqaba M, Otri AM, Dua HS. Clinical evaluation and characterisation of corneal vascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 100:315-22. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yazdani S, Hijmans RS, Poosti F, Dam W, Navis G, van Goor H, van den Born J. Targeting tubulointerstitial remodeling in proteinuric nephropathy in rats. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:919-30. [PMID: 26035383 PMCID: PMC4527281 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is an important cause of tubulointerstitial damage. Anti-proteinuric interventions are not always successful, and residual proteinuria often leads to renal failure. This indicates the need for additional treatment modalities by targeting the harmful downstream consequences of proteinuria. We previously showed that proteinuria triggers renal lymphangiogenesis before the onset of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. However, the interrelationship of these interstitial events in proteinuria is not yet clear. To this end, we specifically blocked lymphangiogenesis (anti-VEGFR3 antibody), monocyte/macrophage influx (clodronate liposomes) or lymphocyte and myofibroblast influx (S1P agonist FTY720) separately in a rat model to investigate the role and the possible interaction of each of these phenomena in tubulointerstitial remodeling in proteinuric nephropathy. Proteinuria was induced in 3-month old male Wistar rats by adriamycin injection. After 6 weeks, when proteinuria has developed, rats were treated for another 6 weeks by anti-VEGFR3 antibody, clodronate liposomes or FTY720 up to week 12. In proteinuric rats, lymphangiogenesis, influx of macrophages, T cells and myofibroblasts, and collagen III deposition and interstitial fibrosis significantly increased at week 12 vs week 6. Anti-VEGFR3 antibody prevented lymphangiogenesis in proteinuric rats, however, without significant effects on inflammatory and fibrotic markers or proteinuria. Clodronate liposomes inhibited macrophage influx and partly reduced myofibroblast expression; however, neither significantly prevented the development of lymphangiogenesis, nor fibrotic markers and proteinuria. FTY720 prevented myofibroblast accumulation, T-cell influx and interstitial fibrosis, and partially reduced macrophage number and proteinuria; however, it did not significantly influence lymphangiogenesis and collagen III deposition. This study showed that proteinuria-induced interstitial fibrosis cannot be halted by blocking lymphangiogenesis or the influx of macrophages. On the other hand, FTY720 treatment did prevent T-cell influx, myofibroblast accumulation and interstitial fibrosis, but not renal lymphangiogenesis and proteinuria. We conclude that tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation are separate from lymphangiogenesis, at least under proteinuric conditions. Summary: Targeting lymphangiogenesis, inflammation or fibrosis separately in a rat model of proteinuric nephropathy showed that treating any of these changes alone is not effective in treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryanne S Hijmans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fariba Poosti
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Seo Y, Kim MK, Lee JH, Chang EJ, Kim EK, Lee HK. Expression of Lymphangiogenic Markers in Rejected Human Corneal Buttons after Penetrating Keratoplasty. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:902-12. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.969809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chauhan SK, Dohlman TH, Dana R. Corneal Lymphatics: Role in Ocular Inflammation as Inducer and Responder of Adaptive Immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 25580370 PMCID: PMC4287999 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The normal cornea is devoid of lymphatic and blood vessels, thus suppressing both the afferent (lymphatic) and efferent (vascular) arms of the immune response–contributing to its ‘immune privilege’. Inflammation, however, negates this unique ‘immune’ and ‘angiogenic’ privilege of the cornea. Abnormal blood vessel growth from pre-existing limbal vessels into the cornea has been studied for many years, but it is only recently that the significance of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in ocular inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated. Whereas blood vessels in inflamed ocular surface provide a route of entry for immune effector cells to the cornea, lymphatics facilitate the exit of antigen-presenting cells and antigenic material from the cornea to regional lymph nodes, thus promoting induction of adaptive immune response. This review summarizes the current evidence for lymphangiogenesis in the cornea, and describes its molecular mediators; and discusses the interface between corneal lymphangiogenesis and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, the pathophysiologic implications of corneal lymphangiogenesis in the setting of allo- and autoimmune-mediated corneal inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Bock F, Maruyama K, Regenfuss B, Hos D, Steven P, Heindl LM, Cursiefen C. Novel anti(lymph)angiogenic treatment strategies for corneal and ocular surface diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 34:89-124. [PMID: 23348581 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is one of the few tissues which actively maintain an avascular state, i.e. the absence of blood and lymphatic vessels (corneal [lymph]angiogenic privilege). Nonetheless do several diseases interfere with this privilege and cause pathologic corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis. The ingrowths of pathologic blood and lymphatic vessels into the cornea not only reduce transparency and thereby visual acuity up to blindness, but also significantly increases the rate of graft rejections after subsequent corneal transplantation. Therefore great interest exists in new strategies to target pathologic corneal (lymph)angiogenesis to promote graft survival. This review gives an overview on the vascular anatomy of the normal ocular surface, on the molecular mechanisms contributing to the corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege and on the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea. In addition we summarize the current preclinical and clinical evidence for three novel treatment strategies against ocular surface diseases based on targeting pathologic (lymph)angiogenesis: (a) modulation of the immune responses after (corneal) transplantation by targeting pathologic (lymph)angiogenesis prior to and after transplantation, (b) novel concepts against metastasis and recurrence of ocular surface tumors such as malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva by anti(lymph)angiogenic therapy and (c) new ideas on how to target ocular surface inflammatory diseases such as dry eye by targeting conjunctival and corneal lymphatic vessels. Based on compelling preclinical evidence and early data from clinical trials the novel therapeutic concepts of promoting graft survival, inhibiting tumor metastasis and dampening ocular surface inflammation and dry eye disease by targeting (lymph)angiogenesis are on their way to translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the present review is to describe new antilymphangiogenic treatment strategies and recent findings on strain-dependency of corneal lymphangiogenesis and the interdependency between blood and lymphatic vessel growth. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on mice have revealed that apart from haemangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis can also differ markedly between several mouse strains under normal and inflammatory conditions. Although haemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are closely interconnected in their spatial-temporal patterning, recent data suggest that they can also occur independently. SUMMARY Understanding the coordinated regulation of blood and lymphatic vessel growth and genetic factors determining lymphangiogenesis in more detail could improve the development of specifically targeted antihaemangiogenic or antilymphangiogenic strategies.
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Harvey NL, Gordon EJ. Deciphering the roles of macrophages in developmental and inflammation stimulated lymphangiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2012; 4:15. [PMID: 22943568 PMCID: PMC3444946 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-4-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels share an intimate relationship with hematopoietic cells that commences during embryogenesis and continues throughout life. Lymphatic vessels provide a key conduit for immune cell trafficking during immune surveillance and immune responses and in turn, signals produced by immune lineage cells in settings of inflammation regulate lymphatic vessel growth and activity. In the majority of cases, the recruitment and activation of immune cells during inflammation promotes the growth and development of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) and enhances lymph flow, effects that amplify cell trafficking to local lymph nodes and facilitate the mounting of effective immune responses. Macrophages comprise a major, heterogeneous lineage of immune cells that, in addition to key roles in innate and adaptive immunity, perform diverse tasks important for tissue development, homeostasis and repair. Here, we highlight the emerging roles of macrophages in lymphangiogenesis, both during development and in settings of pathology. While much attention has focused on the production of pro-lymphangiogenic stimuli including VEGF-C and VEGF-D by macrophages in models of inflammation including cancer, there is ample evidence to suggest that macrophages provide additional signals important for the regulation of lymphatic vascular growth, morphogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Harvey
- Division of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
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