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Simoliunas E, Ruedas-Torres I, Jiménez-Gómez Y, Edin E, Aghajanzadeh-Kiyaseh M, Zamani-Roudbaraki M, Asoklis R, Alksne M, Thathapudi NC, Poudel BK, Rinkunaite I, Asoklis K, Iesmantaite M, Ortega-Llamas L, Makselis A, Munoz M, Baltriukiene D, Bukelskiene V, Gómez-Laguna J, González-Andrades M, Griffith M. Inflammation-suppressing cornea-in-a-syringe with anti-viral GF19 peptide promotes regeneration in HSV-1 infected rabbit corneas. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:11. [PMID: 38429307 PMCID: PMC10907611 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiologic inflammation, e.g., from HSV-1 viral infection, can cause tissue destruction resulting in ulceration, perforation, and ultimately blindness. We developed an injectable Cornea-in-a-Syringe (CIS) sealant-filler to treat damaged corneas. CIS comprises linear carboxylated polymers of inflammation-suppressing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, regeneration-promoting collagen-like peptide, and adhesive collagen-citrate glue. We also incorporated GF19, a modified anti-viral host defense peptide that blocked HSV-1 activity in vitro when released from silica nanoparticles (SiNP-GF19). CIS alone suppressed inflammation when tested in a surgically perforated and HSV-1-infected rabbit corneal model, allowing tissue and nerve regeneration. However, at six months post-operation, only regenerated neocorneas previously treated with CIS with SiNP-GF19 had structural and functional features approaching those of normal healthy corneas and were HSV-1 virus-free. We showed that composite injectable biomaterials can be designed to allow regeneration by modulating inflammation and blocking viral activity in an infected tissue. Future iterations could be optimized for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidijus Simoliunas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Jiménez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elle Edin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montrea, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh-Kiyaseh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montrea, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mostafa Zamani-Roudbaraki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montrea, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rimvydas Asoklis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Alksne
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Neethi C Thathapudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montrea, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bijay K Poudel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montrea, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ieva Rinkunaite
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kasparas Asoklis
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Monika Iesmantaite
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Ortega-Llamas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Almantas Makselis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marcelo Munoz
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daiva Baltriukiene
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Bukelskiene
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Miguel González-Andrades
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - May Griffith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montrea, QC, Canada.
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Thathapudi NC, Callai-Silva N, Malhotra K, Basu S, Aghajanzadeh-Kiyaseh M, Zamani-Roudbaraki M, Groleau M, Lombard-Vadnais F, Lesage S, Griffith M. Modified host defence peptide GF19 slows TNT-mediated spread of corneal herpes simplex virus serotype I infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4096. [PMID: 38374240 PMCID: PMC10876564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal HSV-1 infections are a leading cause of infectious blindness globally by triggering tissue damage due to the intense inflammation. HSV-1 infections are treated mainly with antiviral drugs that clear the infections but are inefficient as prophylactics. The body produces innate cationic host defence peptides (cHDP), such as the cathelicidin LL37. Various epithelia, including the corneal epithelium, express LL37. cHDPs can cause disintegration of pathogen membranes, stimulate chemokine production, and attract immune cells. Here, we selected GF17, a peptide containing the LL37 fragment with bioactivity but with minimal cytotoxicity, and added two cell-penetrating amino acids to enhance its activity. The resulting GF19 was relatively cell-friendly, inducing only partial activation of antigen presenting immune cells in vitro. We showed that HSV-1 spreads by tunneling nanotubes in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. GF19 given before infection was able to block infection, most likely by blocking viral entry. When cells were sequentially exposed to viruses and GF19, the infection was attenuated but not arrested, supporting the contention that the GF19 mode of action was to block viral entry. Encapsulation into silica nanoparticles allowed a more sustained release of GF19, enhancing its activity. GF19 is most likely suitable as a prevention rather than a virucidal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethi C Thathapudi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Natalia Callai-Silva
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kamal Malhotra
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sankar Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Asutosh College, (Affiliated With University of Calcutta), Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh-Kiyaseh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mostafa Zamani-Roudbaraki
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc Groleau
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Lesage
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Xeroudaki M, Rafat M, Moustardas P, Mukwaya A, Tabe S, Bellisario M, Peebo B, Lagali N. A double-crosslinked nanocellulose-reinforced dexamethasone-loaded collagen hydrogel for corneal application and sustained anti-inflammatory activity. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:234-248. [PMID: 37866722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In cases of blinding disease or trauma, hydrogels have been proposed as scaffolds for corneal regeneration and vehicles for ocular drug delivery. Restoration of corneal transparency, augmenting a thin cornea and postoperative drug delivery are particularly challenging in resource-limited regions where drug availability and patient compliance may be suboptimal. Here, we report a bioengineered hydrogel based on porcine skin collagen as an alternative to human donor corneal tissue for applications where long-term stability of the hydrogel is required. The hydrogel is reinforced with cellulose nanofibers extracted from the Ciona intestinalis sea invertebrate followed by double chemical and photochemical crosslinking. The hydrogel is additionally loaded with dexamethasone to provide sustained anti-inflammatory activity. The reinforced double-crosslinked hydrogel after drug loading maintained high optical transparency with significantly improved mechanical characteristics compared to non-reinforced hydrogels, while supporting a gradual sustained drug release for 60 days in vitro. Dexamethasone, after exposure to crosslinking and sterilization procedures used in hydrogel production, inhibited tube formation and cell migration of TNFα-stimulated vascular endothelial cells. The drug-loaded hydrogels suppressed key pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL2 and CXCL5 in TNFα-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells. Eight weeks after intra-stromal implantation in the cornea of 12 New-Zealand white rabbits subjected to an inflammatory suture stimulus, the dexamethasone-releasing hydrogels suppressed TNFα, MMP-9, and leukocyte and fibroblast cell invasion, resulting in reduced corneal haze, sustained corneal thickness and stromal morphology, and reduced overall vessel invasion. This collagen-nanocellulose double-crosslinked hydrogel can be implanted to treat corneal stromal disease while suppressing inflammation and maintaining transparency after corneal transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To treat blinding diseases, hydrogel scaffolds have been proposed to facilitate corneal restoration and ocular drug delivery. Here, we improve on a clinically tested collagen-based scaffold to improve mechanical robustness and enzymatic resistance by incorporating sustainably sourced nanocellulose and dual chemical-photochemical crosslinking to reinforce the scaffold, while simultaneously achieving sustained release of an incorporated anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone. Evaluated in the context of a corneal disease model with inflammation, the drug-releasing nanocellulose-reinforced collagen scaffold maintained the cornea's transparency and resisted degradation while suppressing inflammation postoperatively. This biomaterial could therefore potentially be applied in a wider range of sight-threatening diseases, overcoming suboptimal administration of postoperative medications to maintain hydrogel integrity and good vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Xeroudaki
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- NaturaLens AB, Linköping, Sweden; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petros Moustardas
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shideh Tabe
- NaturaLens AB, Linköping, Sweden; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Bellisario
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Memira Eye Center Scandinavia, Solna, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
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Malhotra K, Buznyk O, Islam MM, Edin E, Basu S, Groleau M, Dégué DS, Fagerholm P, Fois A, Lesage S, Jangamreddy JR, Šimoliūnas E, Liszka A, Patra HK, Griffith M. Phosphorylcholine and KR12-Containing Corneal Implants in HSV-1-Infected Rabbit Corneas. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1658. [PMID: 37376106 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe HSV-1 infection can cause blindness due to tissue damage from severe inflammation. Due to the high risk of graft failure in HSV-1-infected individuals, cornea transplantation to restore vision is often contraindicated. We tested the capacity for cell-free biosynthetic implants made from recombinant human collagen type III and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (RHCIII-MPC) to suppress inflammation and promote tissue regeneration in the damaged corneas. To block viral reactivation, we incorporated silica dioxide nanoparticles releasing KR12, the small bioactive core fragment of LL37, an innate cationic host defense peptide produced by corneal cells. KR12 is more reactive and smaller than LL37, so more KR12 molecules can be incorporated into nanoparticles for delivery. Unlike LL37, which was cytotoxic, KR12 was cell-friendly and showed little cytotoxicity at doses that blocked HSV-1 activity in vitro, instead enabling rapid wound closure in cultures of human epithelial cells. Composite implants released KR12 for up to 3 weeks in vitro. The implant was also tested in vivo on HSV-1-infected rabbit corneas where it was grafted by anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Adding KR12 to RHCIII-MPC did not reduce HSV-1 viral loads or the inflammation resulting in neovascularization. Nevertheless, the composite implants reduced viral spread sufficiently to allow stable corneal epithelium, stroma, and nerve regeneration over a 6-month observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Malhotra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Oleksiy Buznyk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, 65061 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Mohammad Mirazul Islam
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elle Edin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sankar Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Asutosh College, Affiliated with University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Marc Groleau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Delali Shana Dégué
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Per Fagerholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adrien Fois
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Egidijus Šimoliūnas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aneta Liszka
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - May Griffith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Guo X, An Y, Tan W, Ma L, Wang M, Li J, Li B, Hou W, Wu L. Cathelicidin-derived antiviral peptide inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201505. [PMID: 37342565 PMCID: PMC10277505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a widely distributed virus. HSV-1 is a growing public health concern due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the current lack of a clinically specific drug for treatment. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the development of peptide antivirals. Natural host-defense peptides which have uniquely evolved to protect the host have been reported to have antiviral properties. Cathelicidins are a family of multi-functional antimicrobial peptides found in almost all vertebrate species and play a vital role in the immune system. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-HSV-1 effect of an antiviral peptide named WL-1 derived from human cathelicidin. We found that WL-1 inhibited HSV-1 infection in epithelial and neuronal cells. Furthermore, the administration of WL-1 improved the survival rate and reduced viral load and inflammation during HSV-1 infection via ocular scarification. Moreover, facial nerve dysfunction, involving the abnormal blink reflex, nose position, and vibrissae movement, and pathological injury were prevented when HSV-1 ear inoculation-infected mice were treated with WL-1. Together, our findings demonstrate that WL-1 may be a potential novel antiviral agent against HSV-1 infection-induced facial palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yanxing An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wanmin Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juyan Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Binghong Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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6
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Zhang Q, Ul Ain Q, Schulz C, Pircher J. Role of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in thrombosis and thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151926. [PMID: 37090695 PMCID: PMC10114025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a frequent cause of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Current antithrombotic strategies, however, target both thrombosis and physiological hemostasis and thereby increase bleeding risk. In recent years the pathophysiological understanding of thrombus formation has significantly advanced and inflammation has become a crucial element. Neutrophils as most frequent immune cells in the blood and their released mediators play a key role herein. Neutrophil-derived cathelicidin next to its strong antimicrobial properties has also shown to modulates thrombosis and thus presents a potential therapeutic target. In this article we review direct and indirect (immune- and endothelial cell-mediated) effects of cathelicidin on platelets and the coagulation system. Further we discuss its implications for large vessel thrombosis and consecutive thromboinflammation as well as immunothrombosis in sepsis and COVID-19 and give an outlook for potential therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich, Germany
| | - Qurrat Ul Ain
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Pircher,
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Flow-Based Fmoc-SPPS Preparation and SAR Study of Cathelicidin-PY Reveals Selective Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041993. [PMID: 36838983 PMCID: PMC9959817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise as novel therapeutics in the fight against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Cathelicidin-PY (NH2-RKCNFLCKLKEKLRTVITSHIDKVLRPQG-COOH) is a 29-residue disulfide-cyclised antimicrobial peptide secreted as an innate host defence mechanism by the frog Paa yunnanensis (PY) and reported to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties, exhibiting low cytotoxic and low hemolytic activity. Herein, we detail the total synthesis of cathelicidin-PY using an entirely on-resin synthesis, including assembly of the linear sequence by rapid flow Fmoc-SPPS and iodine-mediated disulfide bridge formation. By optimising a synthetic strategy to prepare cathelicidin-PY, this strategy was subsequently adapted to prepare a bicyclic head-to-tail cyclised derivative of cathelicidin-PY. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of cathelicidin-PY with respect to the N-terminally positioned disulfide was further probed by preparing an alanine-substituted linear analogue and a series of lactam-bridged peptidomimetics implementing side chain to side chain cyclisation. The analogues were investigated for antimicrobial activity, secondary structure by circular dichroism (CD), and stability in human serum. Surprisingly, the disulfide bridge emerged as non-essential to antimicrobial activity and secondary structure but was amenable to synthetic modification. Furthermore, the synthetic AMP and multiple analogues demonstrated selective activity towards Gram-negative pathogen E. coli in physiologically relevant concentrations of divalent cations.
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8
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Lopes BRP, da Silva GS, de Lima Menezes G, de Oliveira J, Watanabe ASA, Porto BN, da Silva RA, Toledo KA. Serine proteases in neutrophil extracellular traps exhibit anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108573. [PMID: 35183035 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is an infectious agent in infants and young children which there are no vaccines or drugs for treatment. Neutrophils are recruited for airway, where they are stimulated by hRSV to release large amounts of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are compound by DNA and proteins, including microbicidal enzymes. They constitute a large part of the mucus accumulated in the lung of patients, compromising their breathing capacity. In contrast, NETs can capture/inactivate hRSV, but the molecules responsible for this effect are unknown. OBJECTIVES We selected microbicidal NET enzymes (elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin-G, and proteinase-3) to assess their anti-hRSV role. METHODS AND RESULTS Through in vitro assays using HEp-2 cells, we observed that elastase, proteinase-3, and cathepsin-G, but not myeloperoxidase, showed virucidal effects even at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Elastase and proteinase-3, but not cathepsin-G, cleaved viral F-protein, which is responsible for viral adhesion and fusion with the target cells. Molecular docking analysis indicated the interaction of these macromolecules in the antigenic regions of F-protein through the active regions of the enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Serine proteases from NETs interact and inactive hRSV. These results contribute to the understanding the role of NETs in hRSV infection and to designing treatment strategies for the inflammatory process during respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rafael Pereira Lopes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Soares da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Lima Menezes
- Biosystems Collaborative Nucleus, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai-GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics - PGMAC - State University of Londrina, Londrina-PR, Brazil
| | - Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha Watanabe
- Virology Laboratory, Center for Microbiology Studies, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nery Porto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roosevelt Alves da Silva
- Biosystems Collaborative Nucleus, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai-GO, Brazil
| | - Karina Alves Toledo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, Brazil.
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9
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Nireeksha N, Gollapalli P, Varma SR, Hegde MN, Kumari NS. Utilizing the Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 for Combating SARS-COV- 2 Viral Load in Saliva: an In Silico Analysis. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:478-487. [PMID: 34937110 PMCID: PMC9507610 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting the spread of virus during the recent pandemic outbreak was a major challenge. Viral loads in saliva, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were the major cause for droplet transmission and aerosols. Saliva being the major contributor for the presence of viral load is the major key factor; various mouthwashes and their combination were analyzed and utilized in health care centers to hamper the spread of virus and decrease viral load. The compositions of these mouthwashes to an extent affected the viral load and thereby transmission, but there is always a scope for other protocols which may provide better results. Here we evaluated the potential of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in decreasing the viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through an in silico work and evidence from other studies. This narrative review highlighted a brief nonsystematic methodology to include the selected articles for discussion. Accessible electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and PubMed) were used to find studies that reported the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2 published between December 2019 and June 2021. The following keywords were utilized for brief searching of the databases: "saliva," "viral load," and "SARS-CoV-2." Articles in English language, in vitro cell-line studies, ex vivo studies, and clinical trials explaining the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and strategies to decrease viral load were included in this review. The search was complemented by manual searching of the reference lists of included articles and performing a citation search for any additional reviews. The antiviral potential of cationic host defense peptide LL-37 was evaluated using computational approaches providing in silico evidence. The analysis of docking studies and the display of positive interfacial hydrophobicity of LL-37 resulting in disruption of COVID-19 viral membrane elucidate the fact that LL-37 could be effective against all variants of SARS-CoV-2. Further experimental studies would be needed to confirm the binding of the receptor-binding domain with LL-37. The possibility of using it in many forms further to decrease the viral load by disrupting the viral membrane is seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nireeksha Nireeksha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan Gollapalli
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mithra N Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (deemed to be) University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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10
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Ren M, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yao X, Yang Z, Zhang P, Zhao W, Jiang D. Functionalized Nanoparticles in Prevention and Targeted Therapy of Viral Diseases With Neurotropism Properties, Special Insight on COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:767104. [PMID: 34867899 PMCID: PMC8634613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.767104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses have neural-invasive and neurovirulent properties to damage the central nervous system (CNS), leading to humans' fatal symptoms. Neurotropic viruses comprise a lot of viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), rabies virus (RABV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Effective therapy is needed to prevent infection by these viruses in vivo and in vitro. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) usually prevents macromolecules from entering the CNS, which challenges the usage of the traditional probes, antiviral drugs, or neutralizing antibodies in the CNS. Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly reported in the targeted therapy of neurotropic viruses due to their sensitivity and targeting characteristics. Therefore, the present review outlines efficient functionalized NPs to further understand the recent trends, challenges, and prospects of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Wang
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Mijanović O, Pylaev T, Nikitkina A, Artyukhova M, Branković A, Peshkova M, Bikmulina P, Turk B, Bolevich S, Avetisov S, Timashev P. Tissue Engineering Meets Nanotechnology: Molecular Mechanism Modulations in Cornea Regeneration. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111336. [PMID: 34832752 PMCID: PMC8618371 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, tissue engineering is one of the most promising approaches for the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including the cornea. However, the inability of biomaterial scaffolds to successfully integrate into the environment of surrounding tissues is one of the main challenges that sufficiently limits the restoration of damaged corneal tissues. Thus, the modulation of molecular and cellular mechanisms is important and necessary for successful graft integration and long-term survival. The dynamics of molecular interactions affecting the site of injury will determine the corneal transplantation efficacy and the post-surgery clinical outcome. The interactions between biomaterial surfaces, cells and their microenvironment can regulate cell behavior and alter their physiology and signaling pathways. Nanotechnology is an advantageous tool for the current understanding, coordination, and directed regulation of molecular cell-transplant interactions on behalf of the healing of corneal wounds. Therefore, the use of various nanotechnological strategies will provide new solutions to the problem of corneal allograft rejection, by modulating and regulating host-graft interaction dynamics towards proper integration and long-term functionality of the transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Mijanović
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Timofey Pylaev
- Saratov Medical State University N.A. V.I. Razumovsky, 112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Angelina Nikitkina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Margarita Artyukhova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Ana Branković
- Department of Forensic Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, 196 Cara Dušana St., Belgrade 11000, Serbia;
| | - Maria Peshkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
- World-Class Research Center “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare”, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bikmulina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
- World-Class Research Center “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare”, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Turk
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergei Avetisov
- Department of Eye Diseases, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 Rossolimo St., 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (M.A.); (M.P.); (P.B.); (B.T.); (P.T.)
- World-Class Research Center “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare”, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Poudel BK, Robert MC, Simpson FC, Malhotra K, Jacques L, LaBarre P, Griffith M. In situ Tissue Regeneration in the Cornea from Bench to Bedside. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:506-526. [PMID: 34380144 DOI: 10.1159/000514690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness accounts for 5.1% of visual deficiency and is the fourth leading cause of blindness globally. An additional 1.5-2 million people develop corneal blindness each year, including many children born with or who later develop corneal infections. Over 90% of corneal blind people globally live in low- and middle-income regions (LMIRs), where corneal ulcers are approximately 10-fold higher compared to high-income countries. While corneal transplantation is an effective option for patients in high-income countries, there is a considerable global shortage of corneal graft tissue and limited corneal transplant programs in many LMIRs. In situ tissue regeneration aims to restore diseases or damaged tissues by inducing organ regeneration. This can be achieved in the cornea using biomaterials based on extracellular matrix (ECM) components like collagen, hyaluronic acid, and silk. Solid corneal implants based on recombinant human collagen type III were successfully implanted into patients resulting in regeneration of the corneal epithelium, stroma, and sub-basal nerve plexus. As ECM crosslinking and manufacturing methods improve, the focus of biomaterial development has shifted to injectable, in situ gelling formulations. Collagen, collagen-mimetic, and gelatin-based in situ gelling formulas have shown the ability to repair corneal wounds, surgical incisions, and perforations in in-vivo models. Biomaterial approaches may not be sufficient to treat inflammatory conditions, so other cell-free therapies such as treatment with tolerogenic exosomes and extracellular vesicles may improve treatment outcomes. Overall, many of the technologies described here show promise as future medical devices or combination products with cell or drug-based therapies. In situ tissue regeneration, particularly with liquid formulas, offers the ability to triage and treat corneal injuries and disease with a single regenerative solution, providing alternatives to organ transplantation and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay K Poudel
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Robert
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Opthalmologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fiona C Simpson
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Opthalmologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut du Génie Biomédicale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kamal Malhotra
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Opthalmologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ludovic Jacques
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - May Griffith
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Opthalmologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut du Génie Biomédicale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Damour A, Garcia M, Cho HS, Larivière A, Lévêque N, Park C, Bodet C. Characterisation of Antiviral Activity of Cathelicidins from Naked Mole Rat and Python bivittatus on Human Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080715. [PMID: 34451812 PMCID: PMC8398704 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hg-CATH and Pb-CATH4 are cathelicidins from Heterocephalus glaber and Python bivittatus that have been previously identified as potent antibacterial peptides. However, their antiviral properties were not previously investigated. In this study, their activity against the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was evaluated during primary human keratinocyte infection. Both of them significantly reduced HSV-1 DNA replication and production of infectious viral particles in keratinocytes at noncytotoxic concentrations, with the stronger activity of Pb-CATH4. These peptides did not show direct virucidal activity and did not exhibit significant immunomodulatory properties, except for Pb-CATH4, which exerted a moderate proinflammatory action. All in all, our results suggest that Hg-CATH and Pb-CATH4 could be potent candidates for the development of new therapies against HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Damour
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC EA 4331), Université de Poitiers, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.D.); (M.G.); (A.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Magali Garcia
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC EA 4331), Université de Poitiers, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.D.); (M.G.); (A.L.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (H.-S.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Andy Larivière
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC EA 4331), Université de Poitiers, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.D.); (M.G.); (A.L.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC EA 4331), Université de Poitiers, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.D.); (M.G.); (A.L.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (H.-S.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC EA 4331), Université de Poitiers, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.D.); (M.G.); (A.L.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Moretta A, Scieuzo C, Petrone AM, Salvia R, Manniello MD, Franco A, Lucchetti D, Vassallo A, Vogel H, Sgambato A, Falabella P. Antimicrobial Peptides: A New Hope in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:668632. [PMID: 34195099 PMCID: PMC8238046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.668632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are essential drugs used to treat pathogenic bacteria, but their prolonged use contributes to the development and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms. Antibiotic resistance is a serious challenge and has led to the need for new alternative molecules less prone to bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have aroused great interest as potential next-generation antibiotics, since they are bioactive small proteins, naturally produced by all living organisms, and representing the first line of defense against fungi, viruses and bacteria. AMPs are commonly classified according to their sources, which are represented by microorganisms, plants and animals, as well as to their secondary structure, their biosynthesis and their mechanism of action. They find application in different fields such as agriculture, food industry and medicine, on which we focused our attention in this review. Particularly, we examined AMP potential applicability in wound healing, skin infections and metabolic syndrome, considering their ability to act as potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I and pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides as well as antioxidant peptides. Moreover, we argued about the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches to develop new antibiotics, the drug development strategies and the formulation approaches which need to be taken into account in developing clinically suitable AMP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Moretta
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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15
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Advancement on Sustained Antiviral Ocular Drug Delivery for Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis: Recent Update on Potential Investigation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010001. [PMID: 33374925 PMCID: PMC7821943 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The eyes are the window to the world and the key to communication, but they are vulnerable to multitudes of ailments. More serious than is thought, corneal infection by herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) is a prevalent yet silent cause of blindness in both the paediatric and adult population, especially if immunodeficient. Globally, there are 1.5 million new cases and forty thousand visual impairment cases reported yearly. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study recommends topical antiviral as the front-line therapy for HSV keratitis. Ironically, topical eye solutions undergo rapid nasolacrimal clearance, which necessitates oral drugs but there is a catch of systemic toxicity. The hurdle of antiviral penetration to reach an effective concentration is further complicated by drugs’ poor permeability and complex layers of ocular barriers. In this current review, novel delivery approaches for ocular herpetic infection, including nanocarriers, prodrugs, and peptides are widely investigated, with special focus on advantages, challenges, and recent updates on in situ gelling systems of ocular HSV infections. In general congruence, the novel drug delivery systems play a vital role in prolonging the ocular drug residence time to achieve controlled release of therapeutic agents at the application site, thus allowing superior ocular bioavailability yet fewer systemic side effects. Moreover, in situ gel functions synergistically with nanocarriers, prodrugs, and peptides. The findings support that novel drug delivery systems have potential in ophthalmic drug delivery of antiviral agents, and improve patient convenience when prolonged and chronic topical ocular deliveries are intended.
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16
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Collagen-based scaffolds with infused anti-VEGF release system as potential cornea substitute for high-risk keratoplasty: A preliminary in vitro evaluation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05105. [PMID: 33033763 PMCID: PMC7533359 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently the only widely accepted corneal blindness treatment is human donor cornea transplantation. However, increasing shortage of donor corneas as well as high risk of rejection in some corneal diseases remain two major problems, which limit the success of corneal transplantation. Corneal neovascularization is considered as one of the main risk factors of graft failure. Different cell-free biosynthetic scaffolds fabricated from collagens or collagen-like peptides are being tested as donor cornea substitutes (DCS). Here, we report for the first-time composite biosynthetic DCS with integrated sustained release system of anti-VEGF drug, bevacizumab and their preliminary in vitro validation. We have tethered gold nanoparticles with bevacizumab and integrated into a collagen-based cell-free hydrogel scaffold. Developed grafts preserved good optical properties and were confirmed not toxic to human corneal epithelial cells. Bevacizumab has been shown to constantly releasing from the DCS up to 3 weeks and preserved its anti-angiogenic properties. These results provide background for further use of infused composite biosynthetic DCS with integrated nanosystem of bevacizumab sustained release in corneal disease accompanied by neovascularisation where conventional corneal transplantation might fail.
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17
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Pahar B, Madonna S, Das A, Albanesi C, Girolomoni G. Immunomodulatory Role of the Antimicrobial LL-37 Peptide in Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E517. [PMID: 32927756 PMCID: PMC7565865 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, as well as epithelial cells, and are an essential component of innate immunity system against infection, including several viral infections. AMPs, in particular the cathelicidin LL-37, also exert numerous immunomodulatory activities by inducing cytokine production and attracting and regulating the activity of immune cells. AMPs are scarcely expressed in normal skin, but their expression increases when skin is injured by external factors, such as trauma, inflammation, or infection. LL-37 complexed to self-DNA acts as autoantigen in psoriasis and lupus erythematosus (LE), where it also induces production of interferon by plasmocytoid dendritic cells and thus initiates a cascade of autocrine and paracrine processes, leading to a disease state. In these disorders, epidermal keratinocytes express high amounts of AMPs, which can lead to uncontrolled inflammation. Similarly, LL-37 had several favorable and unfavorable roles in virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Targeting the antiviral and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 opens a new approach to limit virus dissemination and the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapi Pahar
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Stefania Madonna
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermopathic Institute of the Immaculate IDI, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Arpita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermopathic Institute of the Immaculate IDI, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
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18
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Yang H, Yang X, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Shao Y. Comparative analysis of the tear protein profile in herpes simplex virus type 1 epithelial keratitis. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:355. [PMID: 32867704 PMCID: PMC7461310 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness in the world, and an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis may help improve existing diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare and analysis the total tear protein profile of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients, and to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis. METHODS We investigated the proteome in tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects using nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins was done with the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. ELISA was done to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers in 26 clinical cases. RESULTS Tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects contained a total of 1275 proteins and 326 proteins were unique to tear fluid of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that tear proteins from HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients may be involved in metabolic processes, antigen presentation, inflammatory response, and in the TNF-mediated and T cell receptor pathways. Furthermore, IL1A, IL12B, DEFB4A, and CAMP, which are associated with the inflammatory response and inhibition of viral infection, were significantly more abundant in the HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients than in the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the proteomic profile of tears in HSV-1 epithelial keratitis for the first time and identifies a number of unique differentially expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaozhao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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Arboleda JF, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Vitamin D Supplementation: A Potential Approach for Coronavirus/COVID-19 Therapeutics? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1523. [PMID: 32655583 PMCID: PMC7324720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John F Arboleda
- Group of Immunovirology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Behavioural Science and Health Care Habits Unit, Comfama, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Group of Immunovirology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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20
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Chessa C, Bodet C, Jousselin C, Wehbe M, Lévêque N, Garcia M. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Human Keratinocytes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1155. [PMID: 32582097 PMCID: PMC7283518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes, the main cells of the epidermis, are the first site of replication as well as the first line of defense against many viruses such as arboviruses, enteroviruses, herpes viruses, human papillomaviruses, or vaccinia virus. During viral replication, these cells can sense virus associated molecular patterns leading to the initiation of an innate immune response composed of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Human keratinocytes produce and secrete at least nine antimicrobial peptides: human cathelicidin LL-37, types 1–4 human β-defensins, S100 peptides such as psoriasin (S100A7), calprotectin (S100A8/9) and koebnerisin (S100A15), and RNase 7. These peptides can exert direct antiviral effects on the viral particle or its replication cycle, and indirect antiviral activity, by modulating the host immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge of antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of human keratinocyte antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chessa
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Clément Jousselin
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Michel Wehbe
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Magali Garcia
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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21
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Brice DC, Diamond G. Antiviral Activities of Human Host Defense Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1420-1443. [PMID: 31385762 PMCID: PMC9008596 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190805151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity are found widely expressed throughout nature. As they participate in a number of different aspects of innate immunity in mammals, they have been termed Host Defense Peptides (HDPs). Due to their common structural features, including an amphipathic structure and cationic charge, they have been widely shown to interact with and disrupt microbial membranes. Thus, it is not surprising that human HDPs have activity against enveloped viruses as well as bacteria and fungi. However, these peptides also exhibit activity against a wide range of non-enveloped viruses as well, acting at a number of different steps in viral infection. This review focuses on the activity of human host defense peptides, including alpha- and beta-defensins and the sole human cathelicidin, LL-37, against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The broad spectrum of antiviral activity of these peptides, both in vitro and in vivo suggest that they play an important role in the innate antiviral defense against viral infections. Furthermore, the literature suggests that they may be developed into antiviral therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Brice
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Box 100424, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Box 100424, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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22
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Ahmed A, Siman-Tov G, Hall G, Bhalla N, Narayanan A. Human Antimicrobial Peptides as Therapeutics for Viral Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080704. [PMID: 31374901 PMCID: PMC6722670 DOI: 10.3390/v11080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful in vivo infection following pathogen entry requires the evasion and subversion of multiple immunological barriers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the first immune pathways upregulated during infection by multiple pathogens, in multiple organs in vivo. In humans, there are many classes of AMPs exhibiting broad antimicrobial activities, with defensins and the human cathelicidin LL-37 being the best studied examples. Whereas historically the efficacy and therapeutic potential of AMPs against bacterial infection has been the primary focus of research, recent studies have begun to elucidate the antiviral properties of AMPs as well as their role in regulation of inflammation and chemoattraction. AMPs as therapeutic tools seem especially promising against emerging infectious viral pathogens for which no approved vaccines or treatments are currently available, such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this review, we summarize recent studies elucidating the efficacy and diverse mechanisms of action of various classes of AMPs against multiple viral pathogens, as well as the potential use of human AMPs in novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslaa Ahmed
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Gavriella Siman-Tov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Grant Hall
- United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Nishank Bhalla
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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23
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Teymoori-Rad M, Shokri F, Salimi V, Marashi SM. The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2032. [PMID: 30614127 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic role of vitamin D has been explored over the past decades and there is compelling evidence for an epidemiological association between poor vitamin D status and a variety of diseases. While the potential anti-viral effect of vitamin D has recently been described, the underlying mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency could contribute to viral disease development remain poorly understood. The possible interactions between viral infections and vitamin D appear to be more complex than previously thought. Recent findings indicate a complex interplay between viral infections and vitamin D, including the induction of anti-viral state, functional immunoregulatory features, interaction with cellular and viral factors, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. While crosstalk between vitamin D and intracellular signalling pathways may provide an essential modulatory effect on viral gene transcription, the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on viral infections appears to be transient. The interplay between viral infections and vitamin D remains an intriguing concept, and the global imprint that vitamin D can have on the immune signature in the context of viral infections is an area of growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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LL-37 disrupts the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus envelope and inhibits infection in oral epithelial cells. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:25-33. [PMID: 30076864 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral epithelial cells (OECs) represent the first line of defense against viruses that are spread via saliva, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Infection of humans by KSHV and viral pathogenesis begins by infecting OECs. One method OECs use to limit viral infections in the oral cavity is the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defense peptides (HDPs). However, no studies have investigated the antiviral activities of any HDP against KSHV. The goal of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of one HDP, LL-37, against KSHV in the context of infecting OECs. Our results show that LL-37 significantly decreased KSHV's ability to infect OECs in both a structure- and dose-dependent manner. However, this activity does not stem from affecting OECs, but instead the virions themselves. We found that LL-37 exerts its antiviral activity against KSHV by disrupting the viral envelope, which can inhibit viral entry into OECs. Our data suggest that LL-37 exhibits a marked antiviral activity against KSHV during infection of oral epithelial cells, which can play an important role in host defense against oral KSHV infection. Thus, we propose that inducing LL-37 expression endogenously in oral epithelial cells, or potentially introducing as a therapy, may help restrict oral KSHV infection and ultimately KSHV-associated diseases.
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25
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Islam MM, Buznyk O, Reddy JC, Pasyechnikova N, Alarcon EI, Hayes S, Lewis P, Fagerholm P, He C, Iakymenko S, Liu W, Meek KM, Sangwan VS, Griffith M. Biomaterials-enabled cornea regeneration in patients at high risk for rejection of donor tissue transplantation. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:2. [PMID: 29423280 PMCID: PMC5792605 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe worldwide shortage of donor organs, and severe pathologies placing patients at high risk for rejecting conventional cornea transplantation, have left many corneal blind patients untreated. Following successful pre-clinical evaluation in mini-pigs, we tested a biomaterials-enabled pro-regeneration strategy to restore corneal integrity in an open-label observational study of six patients. Cell-free corneal implants comprising recombinant human collagen and phosphorylcholine were grafted by anterior lamellar keratoplasty into corneas of unilaterally blind patients diagnosed at high-risk for rejecting donor allografts. They were followed-up for a mean of 24 months. Patients with acute disease (ulceration) were relieved of pain and discomfort within 1–2 weeks post-operation. Patients with scarred or ulcerated corneas from severe infection showed better vision improvement, followed by corneas with burns. Corneas with immune or degenerative conditions transplanted for symptom relief only showed no vision improvement overall. However, grafting promoted nerve regeneration as observed by improved touch sensitivity to near normal levels in all patients tested, even for those with little/no sensitivity before treatment. Overall, three out of six patients showed significant vision improvement. Others were sufficiently stabilized to allow follow-on surgery to restore vision. Grafting outcomes in mini-pig corneas were superior to those in human subjects, emphasizing that animal models are only predictive for patients with non-severely pathological corneas; however, for establishing parameters such as stable corneal tissue and nerve regeneration, our pig model is satisfactory. While further testing is merited, we have nevertheless shown that cell-free implants are potentially safe, efficacious options for treating high-risk patients. A biomaterial implant supports the regeneration of severely damaged corneas in patients at high risk for rejecting conventional transplantation. An international team from Canada, China, India, Sweden, Ukraine and United Kingdom used mini-pigs to confirm the safety of implanting cell-free corneas made from recombinant human collagen and a synthetic lipid, before examining the effects of implantation on human vision in seven patients. The implants were well-tolerated and led to significant vision improvement in patients with damaged corneas due to infection. Furthermore, within two weeks of surgery the implants had relieved pain. Over two years, sensitivity to touch improved, suggesting an ability to promote nerve regeneration. This study supports the use of animal models to test biomaterials designed for medical applications and describes a safe and promising option for treating patients that not treatable by conventional corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirazul Islam
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,2Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Oleksiy Buznyk
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Jagadesh C Reddy
- 4Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nataliya Pasyechnikova
- Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- 5Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Sally Hayes
- 6School of Optometry and Vision Sciences College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,7Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Philip Lewis
- 6School of Optometry and Vision Sciences College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,7Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Per Fagerholm
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chaoliang He
- 8Key Laboratory of Polymer Eco-materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Stanislav Iakymenko
- Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Wenguang Liu
- 9School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keith M Meek
- 6School of Optometry and Vision Sciences College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,7Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - May Griffith
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,4Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,10Department of Ophthalmology and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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26
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Li Y, Shan Z, Yang B, Yang D, Men C, Cui Y, Wu J. Cathelicidin LL37 Promotes Epithelial and Smooth-Muscle-Like Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin and NF-κB Pathways. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1336-1345. [PMID: 29223160 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ureter reconstruction is a difficult procedure in urology. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), along with multipotency and self-renewal capacity, are a preferred choice for tissue engineering-based ureteral reconstruction. We explored the synergic role of cathelicidin LL37 (LL37) in epithelial and smooth-muscle-like differentiation. ADSCs were separated from adipose tissues of mouse and characterized by flow cytometry. The ADSCs were then stably transfected with pGC-FU-GFP (pGC) or pGC containing full-length LL37 (pGC-LL37), respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were respectively estimated in the stably transfected cells and non-transfected cells. Then, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used for determinations of epithelial marker expressions after induction by all-trans retinoic acid as well as smooth-muscle-like marker expressions after induction by transforming growth factor-β1. Then, possibly involved signaling pathways and extracellular expression of LL37 were detected. Cell viability and apoptosis were not changed after LL37 overexpression. Expression levels of epithelial and smooth-muscle-like markers were significantly upregulated by LL37 overexpression. Moreover, expressions of key kinases involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as well as epithelial marker were upregulated by the LL37 overexpression, while it was reversed by Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor. Likewise, expressions of key kinases involved in the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway as well as smooth-muscle-like markers were upregulated by LL37 overexpression, which was reversed by NF-κB inhibitor. LL37 was found in the culture medium. LL37, which could be released into the medium, had no impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis of ADSCs. However, LL37 promoted epithelial and smooth-muscle-like differentiation through activating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Qingdao University, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China.
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27
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Tengdelius M, Cheung KY, Griffith M, Påhlsson P, Konradsson P. Improved antiviral properties of chain end lipophilic fucoidan-mimetic glycopolymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Brunette I, Roberts CJ, Vidal F, Harissi-Dagher M, Lachaine J, Sheardown H, Durr GM, Proulx S, Griffith M. Alternatives to eye bank native tissue for corneal stromal replacement. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 59:97-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Alagarasu K, Patil PS, Shil P, Seervi M, Kakade MB, Tillu H, Salunke A. In-vitro effect of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on dengue virus type 2. Peptides 2017; 92:23-30. [PMID: 28400226 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is known to have antiviral activity against many viruses. In the present study, we investigated the in-vitro effect of LL-37 on dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) infection and replication in Vero E6 cells. To study the effect of pretreatment of virus or cells with LL-37, the virus was pretreated with different concentrations of LL-37 (2.5μM-15μM) or scrambled (Scr) LL-37(5μM-15μM) and used for infection or the cells were first treated with LL-37 and infected. To study the effect of LL-37 post infection (PI), the cells were infected first followed by addition of LL-37 to the culture medium 24h after infection. In all conditions, after the incubation, the culture supernatant was assessed for viral RNA copy number by real time RT-PCR, infectious virus particles by focus forming unit assay (FFU) and non structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen levels by ELISA. Percentage of infection was assessed using immunoflourescence assay (IFA). The results revealed that pretreatment of virus with 10-15μM LL-37 significantly reduced its infectivity as compared to virus control (P<0.0001). Moreover, pretreatment of virus with 10-15μM LL-37 significantly reduced the levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen (P<0.0001). Treatment of virus with 10-15μM LL-37 resulted in two to three log reduction of mean log10 FFU/ml as compared to virus control (P<0.0001). Treatment of the virus with scrambled LL-37 had no effect on percentage of infection and viral load as compared to virus control cultures (P>0.05). Pretreatment of cells before infection or addition of LL-37 to the culture 24h PI had no effect on viral load. Molecular docking studies revealed possible binding of LL-37 to both the units of DENV envelope (E) protein dimer. Together, the in-vitro experiments and in-silico analyses suggest that LL-37 inhibits DENV-2 at the stage of entry into the cells by binding to the E protein. The results might have implications for prophylaxis against DENV infections and need further in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alagarasu
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India.
| | - P S Patil
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Shil
- Bioinformatics Group, Microbial Containment Complex, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Seervi
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - M B Kakade
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Tillu
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Salunke
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
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Agraz-Cibrian JM, Giraldo DM, Mary FM, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETs and their role in antiviral innate immunity. Virus Res 2016; 228:124-133. [PMID: 27923601 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant cells in the context of innate immunity; they are one of the first cells to arrive at the site of viral infection constituting the first line of defense in response to invading pathogens. Indeed, neutrophils are provided with several defense mechanisms including release of cytokines, cytotoxic granules and the last recently described neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The main components of NETs are DNA, granular antimicrobial peptides, and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, that together play an important role in the innate immune response. While NETs were first described as a mechanism against bacteria and fungi, recently, several studies are beginning to elucidate how NETs are involved in the host antiviral response and the prominent characteristics of this new mechanism are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrian
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Diana M Giraldo
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Fafutis-Morris Mary
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Griffith M, Islam MM, Edin J, Papapavlou G, Buznyk O, Patra HK. The Quest for Anti-inflammatory and Anti-infective Biomaterials in Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:71. [PMID: 27668213 PMCID: PMC5016531 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are now being used or evaluated clinically as implants to supplement the severe shortage of available human donor organs. To date, however, such implants have mainly been developed as scaffolds to promote the regeneration of failing organs due to old age or congenital malformations. In the real world, however, infection or immunological issues often compromise patients. For example, bacterial and viral infections can result in uncontrolled immunopathological damage and lead to organ failure. Hence, there is a need for biomaterials and implants that not only promote regeneration but also address issues that are specific to compromised patients, such as infection and inflammation. Different strategies are needed to address the regeneration of organs that have been damaged by infection or inflammation for successful clinical translation. Therefore, the real quest is for multifunctional biomaterials with combined properties that can combat infections, modulate inflammation, and promote regeneration at the same time. These strategies will necessitate the inclusion of methodologies for management of the cellular and signaling components elicited within the local microenvironment. In the development of such biomaterials, strategies range from the inclusion of materials that have intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties, such as the synthetic lipid polymer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), to silver nanoparticles that have antibacterial properties, to inclusion of nano- and micro-particles in biomaterials composites that deliver active drugs. In this present review, we present examples of both kinds of materials in each group along with their pros and cons. Thus, as a promising next generation strategy to aid or replace tissue/organ transplantation, an integrated smart programmable platform is needed for regenerative medicine applications to create and/or restore normal function at the cell and tissue levels. Therefore, now it is of utmost importance to develop integrative biomaterials based on multifunctional biopolymers and nanosystem for their practical and successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Griffith
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad M. Islam
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Edin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Papapavlou
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oleksiy Buznyk
- Department of Eye Burns, Ophthalmic Reconstructive Surgery, Keratoplasty and Keratoprosthesis, Filatov Institute of Eye diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Hirak K. Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Vitamin D-Regulated MicroRNAs: Are They Protective Factors against Dengue Virus Infection? Adv Virol 2016; 2016:1016840. [PMID: 27293435 PMCID: PMC4879221 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1016840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, an increasing body of evidence has highlighted the critical participation of vitamin D in the regulation of proinflammatory responses and protection against many infectious pathogens, including viruses. The activity of vitamin D is associated with microRNAs, which are fine tuners of immune activation pathways and provide novel mechanisms to avoid the damage that arises from excessive inflammatory responses. Severe symptoms of an ongoing dengue virus infection and disease are strongly related to highly altered production of proinflammatory mediators, suggesting impairment in homeostatic mechanisms that control the host's immune response. Here, we discuss the possible implications of emerging studies anticipating the biological effects of vitamin D and microRNAs during the inflammatory response, and we attempt to extrapolate these findings to dengue virus infection and to their potential use for disease management strategies.
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Reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioactivity of cationic antimicrobial peptides liposomes in cell cultures and 3D epidermis model against HSV. J Control Release 2016; 229:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yu T, Rajendran V, Griffith M, Forrester JV, Kuffová L. High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge. World J Transplant 2016; 6:10-27. [PMID: 27011902 PMCID: PMC4801785 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in “low-risk” settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in “low-risk” recipients is favourable, the prognosis in “high-risk” recipients for corneal graft is poor. In “high-risk” grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of “high-risk” recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in “high-risk” recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicine may be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation: (1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and (2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem of corneal blindness in both “low-risk” and “high-risk” hosts.
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Epand RM. Antiviral Host Defence Peptides. HOST DEFENSE PEPTIDES AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32949-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing global mortality and morbidity associated with viral pathogens highlights the need for the continued development of effective, novel antiviral molecules. The antiviral activity of cationic host defence peptides is of significant interest as novel therapeutics for treating viral infection and predominantly due to their broad spectrum antiviral activity. These peptides also display powerful immunomodulatory activity and are key mediators of inflammation. Therefore, they offer a significant opportunity to inform the development of novel therapeutics for treating viral infections by either directly targeting the pathogen or by enhancing the innate immune response. In this chapter, we review the antiviral activity of cathelicidins and defensins, and examine the potential for these peptides to be used as novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Epand
- Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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Mak WC, Cheung KY, Orban J, Lee CJ, Turner APF, Griffith M. Surface-Engineered Contact Lens as an Advanced Theranostic Platform for Modulation and Detection of Viral Infection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25487-94. [PMID: 26512953 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated an entirely new concept of a wearable theranostic device in the form of a contact lens (theranostic lens) with a dual-functional hybrid surface to modulate and detect a pathogenic attack, using a the corneal HSV serotype-1 (HSV-1) model. The theranostic lenses were constructed using a facile layer-by-layer surface engineering technique, keeping the theranostic lenses with good surface wettability, optically transparency, and nontoxic toward human corneal epithelial cells. The theranostic lenses were used to capture and concentrate inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α), which is upregulated during HSV-1 reactivation, for sensitive, noninvasive diagnostics. The theranostic lens also incorporated an antiviral coating to serve as a first line of defense to protect patients against disease. Our strategy tackles major problems in tear diagnostics that are mainly associated with the sampling of a relatively small volume of fluid and the low concentration of biomarkers. The theranostic lenses show effective anti-HSV-1 activity and good analytical performance for the detection of IL-1α, with a limit of detection of 1.43 pg mL(-1) and a wide linear range covering the clinically relevant region. This work offers a new paradigm for "wearable" noninvasive healthcare devices combining "diagnosis" and "protection" against disease, while supporting patient compliance. We believe that this approach holds immense promise as a next-generation point-of-care and decentralized diagnostic/theranostic platform for a range of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Cheung Mak
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kwan Yee Cheung
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Orban
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chyan-Jang Lee
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - May Griffith
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Brandt CR. Peptide therapeutics for treating ocular surface infections. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:691-9. [PMID: 25250986 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens-bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites-are significant causes of blindness, particularly in developing countries. For bacterial and some viral infections a number of antimicrobial drugs are available for therapy but there are fewer available for use in treating fungal and parasitic keratitis. There are also problems with current antimicrobials, such as limited efficacy and the presence of drug-resistant microbes. Thus, there is a need to develop additional drugs. Nature has given us an example of 1 potential source of new antimicrobials: antimicrobial peptides and proteins that are either present in bodily fluids and tissues constitutively or are induced upon infection. Given the nature of peptides, topical applications are the most likely use to be successful and this is ideal for treating keratitis. Such peptides would also be active against drug-resistant pathogens and might act synergistically if used in combination therapy. Hundreds of peptides with antimicrobial properties have been isolated or synthesized but only a handful have been tested against ocular pathogens and even fewer have been tested in animal models. This review summarizes the currently available information on the use of peptides to treat keratitis, outlines some of the problems that have been identified, and discusses future studies that will be needed. Most of the peptides that have been tested have shown activity at concentrations that do not warrant further development, but 1 or 2 have promising activity raising the possibility that peptides can be developed to treat keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis R Brandt
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
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