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Haydak J, Azeloglu EU. Role of biophysics and mechanobiology in podocyte physiology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:371-385. [PMID: 38443711 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Podocytes form the backbone of the glomerular filtration barrier and are exposed to various mechanical forces throughout the lifetime of an individual. The highly dynamic biomechanical environment of the glomerular capillaries greatly influences the cell biology of podocytes and their pathophysiology. Throughout the past two decades, a holistic picture of podocyte cell biology has emerged, highlighting mechanobiological signalling pathways, cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular adhesion as key determinants of biomechanical resilience in podocytes. This biomechanical resilience is essential for the physiological function of podocytes, including the formation and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocytes integrate diverse biomechanical stimuli from their environment and adapt their biophysical properties accordingly. However, perturbations in biomechanical cues or the underlying podocyte mechanobiology can lead to glomerular dysfunction with severe clinical consequences, including proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. As our mechanistic understanding of podocyte mechanobiology and its role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease increases, new targets for podocyte-specific therapeutics will emerge. Treating glomerular diseases by targeting podocyte mechanobiology might improve therapeutic precision and efficacy, with potential to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease on individuals and health-care systems alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Salminen A. The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:733-750. [PMID: 38600305 PMCID: PMC11106179 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy. KEY MESSAGES: Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases. Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells. Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells. Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Huang Y, Geng J, Wang M, Liu W, Hu H, Shi W, Li M, Huo G, Huang G, Xu A. A simple protocol to establish a conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11591. [PMID: 38773220 PMCID: PMC11109129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized terminally differentiated cells in the glomerulus that are the primary target cells in many glomerular diseases. However, the current podocyte cell lines suffer from prolonged in vitro differentiation and limited survival time, which impede research progress. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a cell line that exhibits superior performance and characteristics. We propose a simple protocol to obtain an immortalized mouse podocyte cell (MPC) line from suckling mouse kidneys. Primary podocytes were cultured in vitro and infected with the SV40 tsA58 gene to obtain immortalized MPCs. The podocytes were characterized using Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Podocyte injury was examined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. First, we successfully isolated an MPC line and identified 39 °C as the optimal differentiation temperature. Compared to undifferentiated MPCs, the expression of WT1 and synaptopodin was upregulated in differentiated MPCs. Second, the MPCs ceased proliferating at a nonpermissive temperature after day 4, and podocyte-specific proteins were expressed normally after at least 15 passages. Finally, podocyte injury models were induced to simulate podocyte injury in vitro. In summary, we provide a simple and popularized protocol to establish a conditionally immortalized MPC, which is a powerful tool for the study of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Haikun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mei Li
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Guiyang Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Martinez Valenzuela L, Gómez-Preciado F, Guiteras J, Antón Pampols P, Gomà M, Fulladosa X, Cruzado JM, Torras J, Draibe J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce acute interstitial nephritis in mice with increased urinary MCP1 and PD-1 glomerular expression. J Transl Med 2024; 22:421. [PMID: 38702780 PMCID: PMC11069287 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) in 2-5% of patients, with a clearly higher incidence when they are combined with platinum derivatives. Unfortunately, suitable disease models and non-invasive biomarkers are lacking. To fill this gap in our understanding, we investigated the renal effects of cisplatin and anti-PD-L1 antibodies in mice, assessing PD-1 renal expression and cytokine levels in mice with AIN, and then we compared these findings with those in AIN-diagnosed cancer patients. METHODS Twenty C57BL6J mice received 200 µg of anti-PD-L1 antibody and 5 mg/kg cisplatin intraperitoneally and were compared with those receiving cisplatin (n = 6), anti-PD-L1 (n = 7), or saline (n = 6). After 7 days, the mice were euthanized. Serum and urinary concentrations of TNFα, CXCL10, IL-6, and MCP-1 were measured by Luminex. The kidney sections were stained to determine PD-1 tissue expression. Thirty-nine cancer patients with AKI were enrolled (AIN n = 33, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) n = 6), urine MCP-1 (uMCP-1) was measured, and kidney sections were stained to assess PD-1 expression. RESULTS Cisplatin and anti PD-L1 treatment led to 40% AIN development (p = 0.03) in mice, accompanied by elevated serum creatinine and uMCP1. AIN-diagnosed cancer patients also had higher uMCP1 levels than ATN-diagnosed patients, confirming our previous findings. Mice with AIN exhibited interstitial PD-1 staining and stronger glomerular PD-1 expression, especially with combination treatment. Conversely, human AIN patients only showed interstitial PD-1 positivity. CONCLUSIONS Only mice receiving cisplatin and anti-PDL1 concomitantly developed AIN, accompanied with a more severe kidney injury. AIN induced by this drug combination was linked to elevated uMCP1, consistently with human AIN, suggesting that uMCP1 can be potentially used as an AIN biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez Valenzuela
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain.
| | - Francisco Gómez-Preciado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Jordi Guiteras
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
- Fundació Bosch i Gimpera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Paula Antón Pampols
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gomà
- Pathology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Xavier Fulladosa
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Joan Torras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - Juliana Draibe
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga S/N, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
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Kozakowski N. The histomorphology of the senescent kidney - the clinical relevance of specimen and biopsy findings in the elderly native kidneys. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:170-175. [PMID: 38410848 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Renal pathology is crucial in diagnosing the ageing kidney. Recent technological advances enabled high-resolution molecular investigations into the complex mechanisms of ageing and senescence. RECENT FINDINGS The pathological analysis of large kidney tissue collections coupled with computer-assisted morphometry contributed to the establishment of age-related reference values for glomerular or vascular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Furthermore, new high-throughput proteomic and transcriptomic platforms have entered the field of pathology. When coupled with morphology information, these techniques facilitated the study of extracellular matrix modifications and the senescent immune system in the ageing kidney. Finally, iatrogenic complications are now frequent indications for diagnostic kidney biopsies in older patients, potentially accelerating kidney senescence. SUMMARY Recent pathology literature supports identifying and prognosticating sclerosing processes in ageing kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kozakowski
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria; General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
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Jiang H, Wu J, Zhang J. PD-1 and LAG-3 positive T cells are related with the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114027. [PMID: 38574959 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to study the frequency of circulating LAG-3+ and PD-1+ T cells in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and their correlation with cytokines and patient prognosis. METHODS A total of 83 patients with CKD between June 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled. We measured serum levels of IL-6, CRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α by ELISA. The frequency of PD-1+ and LAG-3+ T cells was measured using flow cytometry. All patients were followed up for 1 year, and the occurrence of any of the following conditions during the follow-up period was considered as major adverse cardiac events (MACE) indicating poor prognosis. RESULTS The frequencies of LAG-3+PD-1+, LAG-3+ and PD-1+ cells were significantly increased in CKD group compared to healthy volunteers. Additionally, CKD patients had remarkably enhanced levels of cytokines. Compared to the non-MACE group, MACE group had significantly higher frequencies of LAG-3PD-1, LAG-3 and PD-1 expression on CD8 and CD4. Positive correlations were observed between IL-1β, IL-6 and frequencies of PD-1+LAG-3+. CD4+LAG-3+PD-1+ frequency displayed the highest diagnostic value for CKD patients with MACE. Moreover, CD8+LAG-3+, CD4+LAG-3+PD-1+, CD4+PD-1+, IL-1β and IL-6 were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of MACE in patients with CKD. CONCLUSION In summary, the present research showed that the frequencies of LAG-3+ and PD-1+ T cells were remarkably enhanced in CKD patients. These findings offer novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Binhu District, 214122, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Binhu District, 214122, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Binhu District, 214122, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Akilesh S. WIP1 inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy for collapsing glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2024; 105:923-924. [PMID: 38642989 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is an aggressive variant of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Understanding the diverse mechanisms that can drive CG promises to uncover new therapeutic strategies. In this issue, Duret et al. identify WIP1 phosphatase as a therapeutic target for CG. Using genetic ablation and pharmacologic inhibition, they show that blockade of WIP1 activity is protective in 2 different mouse models of CG. This study highlights the complex interplay of glomerular signaling pathways in CG and offers hope for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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8
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Cook SL, Al Amin M, Bari S, Poonnen PJ, Khasraw M, Johnson MO. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Geriatric Oncology. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:562-572. [PMID: 38587598 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript will update prior reviews of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in light of basic science, translational, and clinical discoveries in the field of cancer immunology and aging. RECENT FINDINGS ICIs have led to significant advancements in the treatment of cancer. Landmark trials of ICIs have cited the efficacy and toxicity experienced by older patients, but most trials are not specifically designed to address outcomes in older patients. Underlying mechanisms of aging, like cellular senescence, affect the immune system and may ultimately alter the host's response to ICIs. Validated tools are currently used to identify older adults who may be at greater risk of developing complications from their cancer treatment. We review changes in the aging immune system that may alter responses to ICIs, report outcomes and toxicities in older adults from recent ICI clinical trials, and discuss clinical tools specific to older patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Cook
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 047 Baker House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barisal City, Bangladesh
| | - Shahla Bari
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pradeep J Poonnen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National TeleOncology Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 047 Baker House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Margaret O Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 047 Baker House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National TeleOncology Program, Durham, NC, USA
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McKinzie SR, Kaverina N, Schweickart RA, Chaney CP, Eng DG, Pereira BMV, Kestenbaum B, Pippin JW, Wessely O, Shankland SJ. Podocytes from hypertensive and obese mice acquire an inflammatory, senescent, and aged phenotype. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F644-F660. [PMID: 38420674 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00417.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with hypertension or obesity can develop glomerular dysfunction characterized by injury and depletion of podocytes. To better understand the molecular processes involved, young mice were treated with either deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) or fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hypertension or obesity, respectively. The transcriptional changes associated with these phenotypes were measured by unbiased bulk mRNA sequencing of isolated podocytes from experimental models and their respective controls. Key findings were validated by immunostaining. In addition to a decrease in canonical proteins and reduced podocyte number, podocytes from both hypertensive and obese mice exhibited a sterile inflammatory phenotype characterized by increases in NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, protein cell death-1, and Toll-like receptor pathways. Finally, although the mice were young, podocytes in both models exhibited increased expression of senescence and aging genes, including genes consistent with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, there were differences between the hypertension- and obesity-associated senescence phenotypes. Both show stress-induced podocyte senescence characterized by increased p21 and p53. Moreover, in hypertensive mice, this is superimposed upon age-associated podocyte senescence characterized by increased p16 and p19. These results suggest that senescence, aging, and inflammation are critical aspects of the podocyte phenotype in experimental hypertension and obesity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension and obesity can lead to glomerular dysfunction in patients, causing podocyte injury and depletion. Here, young mice given deoxycorticosterone acetate or a high-fat diet to induce hypertension or obesity, respectively. mRNA sequencing of isolated podocytes showed transcriptional changes consistent with senescence, a senescent-associated secretory phenotype, and aging, which was confirmed by immunostaining. Ongoing studies are determining the mechanistic roles of the accelerated aging podocyte phenotype in experimental hypertension and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra R McKinzie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Natalya Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Christopher P Chaney
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Hall G. Interleukin-15 in kidney disease and therapeutics. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:174-180. [PMID: 38164877 PMCID: PMC10893218 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a member of the IL-2 family of common gamma chain receptor cytokines with well described anti-inflammatory, pro-survival and pro-proliferative signaling properties. The cytoprotective role of IL-15 in the kidney is now coming into focus with recent reports of its beneficial actions in various forms of kidney disease. This review will summarize what is currently known about IL-15 signaling in the kidney and highlight recent evidence of its beneficial effects on kidney physiology. RECENT FINDINGS IL-15 and its heterotrimeric receptor are expressed throughout the kidney. Like all IL-2 family cytokines, IL-15 can activate signaling through the Janus Kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer of activated T-cells (STAT), phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K)/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and recent evidence suggests that STAT5B is an essential transcriptional mediator of prosurvival signaling in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (i.e. podocytes). IL-15 has also been shown to suppress pro-apoptotic signaling in models of acute kidney injury and pro-fibrotic signaling in models of chronic kidney disease. SUMMARY The cytoprotective properties of IL-15 suggest that it may have potential as a nonimmunosuppresive therapeutic for kidney disease. A novel class of IL-15 immunotherapies has emerged for the treatment cancer and some have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. These well tolerated IL-15 agonists could possibly be repurposed for the treatment of kidney disease and warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentzon Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Xu B, Zhang JE, Ye L, Yuan CW. The Role of the ADAMTS18 Gene-Induced Immune Microenvironment in Mouse Kidney Development. Biomedicines 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38397998 PMCID: PMC10887409 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the ADAMTS18 gene in regulating the renal development of mice. PAS staining was used to observe the kidney development of E12.5-E17.5 mice, while immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to observe the expression of ADAMTS18. Ureteric bud (UB) branches were observed using immunofluorescence staining using the UB marker E-cadherin, and the apoptosis and proliferation of posterior renal mesenchymal cells were analyzed using TUNEL and PH3 fluorescence staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration, and western blotting (WB) was used to analyze the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. As a result, the ADAMTS18 gene expression gradually increased as the kidney continued to mature during embryonic development. Compared with that in the control and vector groups, UB branching was significantly reduced in the ADAMTS18 deletion group (p < 0.05), but that deletion of ADAMTS18 did not affect posterior renal mesenchymal cell proliferation or apoptosis (p > 0.05). Compared with those in the control and vector groups, the proportion of embryonic kidney B cells and the proportion of CD8+ cells were significantly greater after ADAMTS18 was knocked down (p < 0.05), but the difference in neutrophil counts was not significant (p > 0.05). The WB analysis revealed that the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression was significantly increased after ADAMTS18 was knocked down (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ADAMTS18 gene may be involved in mice kidney development by regulating the immune microenvironment and activating immune checkpoints. Deletion of the ADAMTS18 gene may be unfavorable for kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
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Veloso Pereira BM, Zeng Y, Maggiore JC, Schweickart RA, Eng DG, Kaverina N, McKinzie SR, Chang A, Loretz CJ, Thieme K, Hukriede NA, Pippin JW, Wessely O, Shankland SJ. Podocyte injury at young age causes premature senescence and worsens glomerular aging. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F120-F134. [PMID: 37855038 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00261.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy continues to rise, age-related diseases are becoming more prevalent. For example, proteinuric glomerular diseases typified by podocyte injury have worse outcomes in the elderly compared with young patients. However, the reasons are not well understood. We hypothesized that injury to nonaged podocytes induces senescence, which in turn augments their aging processes. In primary cultured human podocytes, injury induced by a cytopathic antipodocyte antibody, adriamycin, or puromycin aminonucleoside increased the senescence-related genes CDKN2A (p16INK4a/p14ARF), CDKN2D (p19INK4d), and CDKN1A (p21). Podocyte injury in human kidney organoids was accompanied by increased expression of CDKN2A, CDKN2D, and CDKN1A. In young mice, experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) induced by adriamycin and antipodocyte antibody increased the glomerular expression of p16, p21, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). To assess the long-term effects of early podocyte injury-induced senescence, we temporally followed young mice with experimental FSGS through adulthood (12 m of age) and middle age (18 m of age). p16 and Sudan black staining were higher at middle age in mice with earlier FSGS compared with age-matched mice that did not get FSGS when young. This was accompanied by lower podocyte density, reduced canonical podocyte protein expression, and increased glomerular scarring. These results are consistent with injury-induced senescence in young podocytes, leading to increased senescence of podocytes by middle age accompanied by lower podocyte lifespan and health span.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glomerular function is decreased by aging. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in age-related glomerular changes and which factors could contribute to a worse glomerular aging process. Here, we reported that podocyte injury in young mice and culture podocytes induced senescence, a marker of aging, and accelerates glomerular aging when compared with healthy aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Natalya Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sierra R McKinzie
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Carol J Loretz
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Karina Thieme
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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13
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Tian X, Pedigo CE, Li K, Ma X, Bunda P, Pell J, Lek A, Gu J, Zhang Y, Medina Rangel PX, Li W, Schwartze E, Nagata S, Lerner G, Perincheri S, Priyadarshini A, Zhao H, Lek M, Menon MC, Fu R, Ishibe S. Profilin1 is required for prevention of mitotic catastrophe in murine and human glomerular diseases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171237. [PMID: 37847555 PMCID: PMC10721156 DOI: 10.1172/jci171237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of proteinuric kidney diseases is associated with podocyte loss, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Podocytes reenter the cell cycle to repair double-stranded DNA breaks. However, unsuccessful repair can result in podocytes crossing the G1/S checkpoint and undergoing abortive cytokinesis. In this study, we identified Pfn1 as indispensable in maintaining glomerular integrity - its tissue-specific loss in mouse podocytes resulted in severe proteinuria and kidney failure. Our results suggest that this phenotype is due to podocyte mitotic catastrophe (MC), characterized histologically and ultrastructurally by abundant multinucleated cells, irregular nuclei, and mitotic spindles. Podocyte cell cycle reentry was identified using FUCCI2aR mice, and we observed altered expression of cell-cycle associated proteins, such as p21, p53, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1. Podocyte-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-Seq revealed the downregulation of ribosomal RNA-processing 8 (Rrp8). Overexpression of Rrp8 in Pfn1-KO podocytes partially rescued the phenotype in vitro. Clinical and ultrastructural tomographic analysis of patients with diverse proteinuric kidney diseases further validated the presence of MC podocytes and reduction in podocyte PFN1 expression within kidney tissues. These results suggest that profilin1 is essential in regulating the podocyte cell cycle and its disruption leads to MC and subsequent podocyte loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John Pell
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Bioinformation Department, Suzhou SITRI Institute of Immunology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paulina X. Medina Rangel
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eike Schwartze
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Soichiro Nagata
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gabriel Lerner
- Departments of Surgical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- Departments of Surgical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anupama Priyadarshini
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Madhav C. Menon
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Shankland SJ, Rule AD, Kutz JN, Pippin JW, Wessely O. Podocyte Senescence and Aging. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1784-1793. [PMID: 37950369 PMCID: PMC10758523 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
As the population in many industrial countries is aging, the risk, incidence, and prevalence of CKD increases. In the kidney, advancing age results in a progressive decrease in nephron number and an increase in glomerulosclerosis. In this review, we focus on the effect of aging on glomerular podocytes, the post-mitotic epithelial cells critical for the normal integrity and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. The podocytes undergo senescence and transition to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype typified by the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines that can influence neighboring glomerular cells by paracrine signaling. In addition to senescence, the aging podocyte phenotype is characterized by ultrastructural and functional changes; hypertrophy; cellular, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; reduced autophagy; and increased expression of aging genes. This results in a reduced podocyte health span and a shortened life span. Importantly, these changes in the pathways/processes characteristic of healthy podocyte aging are also often similar to pathways in the disease-induced injured podocyte. Finally, the better understanding of podocyte aging and senescence opens therapeutic options to slow the rate of podocyte aging and promote kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew D. Rule
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J. Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Jo MJ, Lee JK, Kim JE, Ko GJ. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Aging Kidneys and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16912. [PMID: 38069234 PMCID: PMC10707287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of the elderly population is making the need for extensive and advanced information about age-related organ dysfunction a crucial research area. The kidney is one of the organs most affected by aging. Aged kidneys undergo functional decline, characterized by a reduction in kidney size, decreased glomerular filtration rate, alterations in renal blood flow, and increased inflammation and fibrosis. This review offers a foundation for understanding the functional and molecular mechanisms of aging kidneys and for selecting identifying appropriate targets for future treatments of age-related kidney issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jee Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.J.); (J.-K.L.); (J.-E.K.)
- Institute of Convergence New Drug Development, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.J.); (J.-K.L.); (J.-E.K.)
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.J.); (J.-K.L.); (J.-E.K.)
| | - Gang-Jee Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.J.); (J.-K.L.); (J.-E.K.)
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16
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Schaub JA, O'Connor CL, Dailey M, Hlynka AW, Chang Y, Postiff D, Kaffenberger SD, Palapattu GS, Gillespie BW, Hodgin JB, Shedden K, Bitzer M. Spatial Heterogeneity of Glomerular Phenotypes Affects Kidney Biopsy Findings. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1598-1607. [PMID: 37889598 PMCID: PMC10695647 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Key Points
Glomeruli with pathologic changes are not homogeneously distributed throughout the kidney cortex.Biopsies that do not include the kidney capsule may underdetect glomeruli with pathologic changes.Location of glomeruli with pathologic changes may be related to underlying clinical characteristics.
Background
Detection of rare glomerular phenotypes can affect diagnosis in indication kidney biopsies and in kidney tissue used for research studies. Nephropathologists are aware of potential sampling error when assessing needle biopsy cores, but quantitative data are lacking.
Methods
Kidney tissue from patients undergoing total nephrectomy enrolled in an observational, cross-sectional cohort study was used to characterize glomeruli as typical or atypical, which included globally sclerotic glomeruli (GSGs), segmentally sclerotic glomeruli, ischemic-like, and imploding. A 2D map of the glomerular annotations was generated. Spatial centrality of atypical glomeruli using the L2 metric and differences in pairwise distances between typical or atypical glomeruli were calculated. To determine how the yield of capturing atypical glomerular phenotype was affected by biopsy depth (i.e., not including the renal capsule), simulated kidney biopsies were generated from the 2D map.
Results
The mean number of glomeruli in a nephrectomy specimen was 209 (SD 143), and GSGs were the most common type of atypical glomeruli (median: 13% [interquartile range: 5,31]). Typical glomeruli were more likely to be surrounded by other glomeruli (i.e., centrally located in the kidney cortex) than GSGs, segmentally sclerosed glomeruli, ischemic-like glomeruli, and imploding glomeruli. Atypical glomeruli were 7.3% (95% confidence interval, 4.1 to 10.4) closer together than typical glomeruli and were more likely to be closer together in older patients or those with hypertension. In simulated kidney biopsies, failure to capture the capsule was associated with underdetection of GSGs, ischemic-like glomeruli, and imploding glomeruli.
Conclusions
Spatial analysis of large sections of kidney tissue provided quantitative evidence of spatial heterogeneity of glomerular phenotypes including clustering of atypical glomeruli in individuals with hypertension or older age. Most importantly, deep kidney biopsies that lack subcapsular area underdetect atypical glomerular phenotypes, suggesting that capturing the renal capsule is an important quality control measure for kidney biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Schaub
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Meghan Dailey
- Advanced Research Computing (Information and Technology Services), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew W Hlynka
- Office of Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yurui Chang
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Deborah Postiff
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Brenda W Gillespie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Zhang T, Zhang J, Wang S. Healthy aging-would cytotoxic T lymphocytes stand out? Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:393. [PMID: 37875495 PMCID: PMC10598194 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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18
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Kaverina N, Schweickart RA, Chan GC, Maggiore JC, Eng DG, Zeng Y, McKinzie SR, Perry HS, Ali A, O’Connor C, Pereira BMV, Theberge AB, Vaughan JC, Loretz CJ, Chang A, Hukriede NA, Bitzer M, Pippin JW, Wessely O, Shankland SJ. Inhibiting NLRP3 signaling in aging podocytes improves their life- and health-span. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6658-6689. [PMID: 37487005 PMCID: PMC10415579 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in the podocyte's lifespan and health-span that typify healthy kidney aging cause a decrease in their normal structure, physiology and function. The ability to halt and even reverse these changes becomes clinically relevant when disease is superimposed on an aged kidney. RNA-sequencing of podocytes from middle-aged mice showed an inflammatory phenotype with increases in the NLRP3 inflammasome, signaling for IL2/Stat5, IL6 and TNF, interferon gamma response, allograft rejection and complement, consistent with inflammaging. Furthermore, injury-induced NLRP3 signaling in podocytes was further augmented in aged mice compared to young ones. The NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL1β IL-18) was also increased in podocytes of middle-aged humans. Higher transcript expression for NLRP3 in human glomeruli was accompanied by reduced podocyte density and increased global glomerulosclerosis and glomerular volume. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 with MCC950, or gene deletion, reduced podocyte senescence and the genes typifying aging in middle-aged mice, which was accompanied by an improved podocyte lifespan and health-span. Moreover, modeling the injury-dependent increase in NLRP3 signaling in human kidney organoids confirmed the anti-senescence effect of MC9950. Finally, NLRP3 also impacted liver aging. Together, these results suggest a critical role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in podocyte and liver aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - R. Allen Schweickart
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gek Cher Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Joseph C. Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sierra R. McKinzie
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hannah S. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adilijiang Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Carol J. Loretz
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Neil A. Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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19
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Hu W, Xie H, Zeng Y, Pei P, Zhan X, Wang S, Wang Z. N6-methyladenosine participates in mouse hippocampus neurodegeneration via PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145092. [PMID: 37234260 PMCID: PMC10206131 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental abnormalities and hippocampal aging leads to alteration in cognition. In the brain, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common and reversible mRNA alteration that is essential for both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. However, its function in the postnatal hippocampus and the specific mechanisms regulating hippocampus-related neurodegeneration still awaits elucidate. We identified dynamic m6A modifications in postnatal hippocampus at different stages (at 10 days postnatally, and at 11 and 64 weeks of age). m6A shows a definite cell-specific methylation profile and m6A modification displays temporal dynamic during neurodevelopment and aging. Differentially methylated transcripts in the aged (64-week-old) hippocampus were enriched in microglia. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathways was identified that may participate in the cognitive dysfunction associated with an aged hippocampus. Furthermore, Mettl3 was spatiotemporally expressed in the postnatal hippocampus, which was highly expressed at the age of 11 weeks compared with the other two timepoints. Ectopic expression of METTL3 in mice hippocampus mediated by lentiviral infection resulted in high expression of genes related to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and significant spatial cognitive deficit. Together, our data show that m6A dysregulation, which is mediated by METTL3, most likely contributes to cognitive deficits linked to the hippocampus via the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubing Zeng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Medina Rangel PX, Cross E, Liu C, Pedigo CE, Tian X, Gutiérrez-Calabrés E, Nagata S, Priyadarshini A, Lerner G, Bunda P, Perincheri S, Gu J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Inoue K, Ishibe S. Cell Cycle and Senescence Regulation by Podocyte Histone Deacetylase 1 and 2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:433-450. [PMID: 36414418 PMCID: PMC10103311 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The loss of integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier results in proteinuria that is often attributed to podocyte loss. Yet how damaged podocytes are lost remains unknown. Germline loss of murine podocyte-associated Hdac1 and Hdac2 ( Hdac1/2 ) results in proteinuria and collapsing glomerulopathy due to sustained double-stranded DNA damage. Hdac1/2 deletion induces loss of podocyte quiescence, cell cycle entry, arrest in G1, and podocyte senescence, observed both in vivo and in vitro . Through the senescence secretory associated phenotype, podocytes secrete proteins that contribute to their detachment. These results solidify the role of HDACs in cell cycle regulation and senescence, providing important clues in our understanding of how podocytes are lost following injury. BACKGROUND Intact expression of podocyte histone deacetylases (HDAC) during development is essential for maintaining a normal glomerular filtration barrier because of its role in modulating DNA damage and preventing premature senescence. METHODS Germline podocyte-specific Hdac1 and 2 ( Hdac1 / 2 ) double-knockout mice were generated to examine the importance of these enzymes during development. RESULTS Podocyte-specific loss of Hdac1 / 2 in mice resulted in severe proteinuria, kidney failure, and collapsing glomerulopathy. Hdac1 / 2 -deprived podocytes exhibited classic characteristics of senescence, such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and lipofuscin aggregates. In addition, DNA damage, likely caused by epigenetic alterations such as open chromatin conformation, not only resulted in podocyte cell-cycle entry as shown in vivo by Ki67 expression and by FUCCI-2aR mice, but also in p21-mediated cell-cycle arrest. Through the senescence secretory associated phenotype, the damaged podocytes secreted proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in subsequent podocyte detachment and loss, evidenced by senescent podocytes in urine. CONCLUSIONS Hdac1 / 2 plays an essential role during development. Loss of these genes in double knockout mice leads to sustained DNA damage and podocyte senescence and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Soichiro Nagata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anupama Priyadarshini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gabriel Lerner
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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21
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Medina Rangel PX, Ishibe S. PD-1, a New Player in Podocyte Age-Related Senescence. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:361-363. [PMID: 36403888 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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22
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PD-1 inhibition in aged podocytes and glomerular disease. Kidney Int 2023; 103:18-20. [PMID: 36603968 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Jhaveri KD, Kitchlu A, Abudayyeh A. Does treating with anti–PD-1 to improve glomerular health come without a cost? J Clin Invest 2022; 132:164747. [DOI: 10.1172/jci164747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Carney EF. Increased PD1 signalling in kidney ageing. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:679. [PMID: 36151327 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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