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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Peng S, Xu Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Pan W, Yin Z, Xu S, Wei C, Wang M, Wan J, Qin J. Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Repeats and Discoidin I-Like Domains 3 Deficiency Attenuates Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 10 Dependent Smad4 Deubiquitination. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031283. [PMID: 38456416 PMCID: PMC11010021 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of heart failure with a poor prognosis. Recent studies suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may be involved in the pathogenesis and cardiac remodeling during DCM development. EDIL3 (epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has been reported to promote EndMT in various diseases. However, the roles of EDIL3 in DCM still remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS A mouse model of DCM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to explore the roles and mechanisms of EDIL3 in DCM. The results indicated that EndMT and EDIL3 were activated in DCM mice. EDIL3 deficiency attenuated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in DCM mice. EDIL3 knockdown alleviated EndMT by inhibiting USP10 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 10) dependent Smad4 deubiquitination in vivo and in vitro. Recombinant human EDIL3 promoted EndMT via reinforcing deubiquitination of Smad4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with IL-1β (interleukin 1β) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). Inhibiting USP10 abolished EndMT exacerbated by EDIL3. In addition, recombinant EDIL3 also aggravates doxorubicin-induced EndMT by promoting Smad4 deubiquitination in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that EDIL3 deficiency attenuated EndMT by inhibiting USP10 dependent Smad4 deubiquitination in DCM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Juan‐Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Center for Healthy AgingWuhan University School of NursingWuhanChina
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Zhou X, Fang X, Ithychanda SS, Wu T, Gu Y, Chen C, Wang L, Bogomolovas J, Qin J, Chen J. Interaction of Filamin C With Actin Is Essential for Cardiac Development and Function. Circ Res 2023; 133:400-411. [PMID: 37492967 PMCID: PMC10529502 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FLNC (filamin C), a member of the filamin family predominantly expressed in striated muscles, plays a crucial role in bridging the cytoskeleton and ECM (extracellular matrix) in cardiomyocytes, thereby maintaining heart integrity and function. Although genetic variants within the N-terminal ABD (actin-binding domain) of FLNC have been identified in patients with cardiomyopathy, the precise contribution of the actin-binding capability to FLNC's function in mammalian hearts remains poorly understood. METHODS We conducted in silico analysis of the 3-dimensional structure of mouse FLNC to identify key amino acid residues within the ABD that are essential for FLNC's actin-binding capacity. Subsequently, we performed coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent assays to validate the in silico findings and assess the impact of these mutations on the interactions with other binding partners and the subcellular localization of FLNC. Additionally, we generated and analyzed knock-in mouse models in which the FLNC-actin interaction was completely disrupted by these mutations. RESULTS Our findings revealed that F93A/L98E mutations completely disrupted FLNC-actin interaction while preserving FLNC's ability to interact with other binding partners ITGB1 (β1 integrin) and γ-SAG (γ-sarcoglycan), as well as maintaining FLNC subcellular localization. Loss of FLNC-actin interaction in embryonic cardiomyocytes resulted in embryonic lethality and cardiac developmental defects, including ventricular wall malformation and reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, disruption of FLNC-actin interaction in adult cardiomyocytes led to severe dilated cardiomyopathy, enhanced lethality and dysregulation of key cytoskeleton components. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly support the crucial role of FLNC as a bridge between actin filaments and ECM through its interactions with actin, ITGB1, γ-SAG, and other associated proteins in cardiomyocytes. Disruption of FLN-actin interaction may result in detachment of actin filaments from the extracellular matrix, ultimately impairing normal cardiac development and function. These findings also provide insights into mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy associated with genetic variants in FLNC ABD and other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Zhou
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sujay Subbayya Ithychanda
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences (S.S.I., J.Q.), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences (S.S.I., J.Q.), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine (X.Z., X.F., T.W., Y.G., C.C., L.W., J.B., J.C.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
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Khalilimeybodi A, Riaz M, Campbell SG, Omens JH, McCulloch AD, Qyang Y, Saucerman JJ. Signaling network model of cardiomyocyte morphological changes in familial cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:1-14. [PMID: 36370475 PMCID: PMC10230857 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial cardiomyopathy is a precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Over the past several decades, researchers have discovered numerous gene mutations primarily in sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins causing two different disease phenotypes: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. However, molecular mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype remain unclear. Here, we employ a systems approach by integrating experimental findings from preclinical studies (e.g., murine data) into a cohesive signaling network to scrutinize genotype to phenotype mechanisms. We developed an HCM/DCM signaling network model utilizing a logic-based differential equations approach and evaluated model performance in predicting experimental data from four contexts (HCM, DCM, pressure overload, and volume overload). The model has an overall prediction accuracy of 83.8%, with higher accuracy in the HCM context (90%) than DCM (75%). Global sensitivity analysis identifies key signaling reactions, with calcium-mediated myofilament force development and calcium-calmodulin kinase signaling ranking the highest. A structural revision analysis indicates potential missing interactions that primarily control calcium regulatory proteins, increasing model prediction accuracy. Combination pharmacotherapy analysis suggests that downregulation of signaling components such as calcium, titin and its associated proteins, growth factor receptors, ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT could inhibit myocyte growth in HCM. In experiments with patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (MLP-W4R;MYH7-R723C iPSC-CMs), combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT rescued the HCM phenotype, as predicted by the model. In DCM, PI3K-AKT-NFAT downregulation combined with upregulation of Ras/ERK1/2 or titin or Gq protein could ameliorate cardiomyocyte morphology. The model results suggest that HCM mutations that increase active force through elevated calcium sensitivity could increase ERK activity and decrease eccentricity through parallel growth factors, Gq-mediated, and titin pathways. Moreover, the model simulated the influence of existing medications on cardiac growth in HCM and DCM contexts. This HCM/DCM signaling model demonstrates utility in investigating genotype to phenotype mechanisms in familial cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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Alonso-Villa E, Bonet F, Hernandez-Torres F, Campuzano Ó, Sarquella-Brugada G, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Mangas A, Toro R. The Role of MicroRNAs in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: New Insights for an Old Entity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113573. [PMID: 36362356 PMCID: PMC9659086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinical diagnosis characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. In most cases, DCM is progressive, leading to heart failure (HF) and death. This cardiomyopathy has been considered a common and final phenotype of several entities. DCM occurs when cellular pathways fail to maintain the pumping function. The etiology of this disease encompasses several factors, such as ischemia, infection, autoimmunity, drugs or genetic susceptibility. Although the prognosis has improved in the last few years due to red flag clinical follow-up, early familial diagnosis and ongoing optimization of treatment, due to its heterogeneity, there are no targeted therapies available for DCM based on each etiology. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DCM will provide novel therapeutic strategies against this cardiac disease and their different triggers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or, to a lesser extent, degradation. A growing number of studies have demonstrated critical functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including DCM, by regulating mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease. Herein, we summarize the role of miRNAs in inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, exclusively in the context of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alonso-Villa
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Campuzano
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Quezada-Feijoo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ramos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alipio Mangas
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
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Palmer BM, Bell SP. Preparing Excitable Cardiac Papillary Muscle and Cardiac Slices for Functional Analyses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:817205. [PMID: 35309048 PMCID: PMC8928577 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.817205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the reductionist approach has been fruitful in understanding the molecular basis of muscle function, intact excitable muscle preparations are still important as experimental model systems. We present here methods that are useful for preparing cardiac papillary muscle and cardiac slices, which represent macroscopic experimental model systems with fully intact intercellular and intracellular structures. The maintenance of these in vivo structures for experimentation in vitro have made these model systems especially useful for testing the functional effects of protein mutations and pharmaceutical candidates. We provide solutions recipes for dissection and recording, instructions for removing and preparing the cardiac papillary muscles, as well as instruction for preparing cardiac slices. These instructions are suitable for beginning experimentalists but may be useful for veteran muscle physiologists hoping to reacquaint themselves with macroscopic functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Palmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Bradley M. Palmer,
| | - Stephen P. Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Engstrom N, Dobson G, Ng K, Letson H. Fragmented QRS is associated with ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 27:e12910. [PMID: 34766402 PMCID: PMC8739614 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many primary prevention heart failure (HF) patients with an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) rarely experience life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VA). New strategies are required to identify patients most at risk of VA and sudden cardiac death who would benefit from an ICD. One potential method is the detection of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on the electrocardiogram. The aim was to assess the predictive capacity of fQRS for VA and mortality in ischemic (ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) primary prevention HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining fQRS in HF patients with or without an ICD who met primary prevention indications with reduced ejection fraction ≤40%. Outcome measures were VA (or appropriate ICD therapy) and all-cause mortality. Ten studies involving 3885 patients were included for analysis. Most patients were male with non-fQRS patients being significantly younger (-1.5[-2.66, -0.42], p = .03). Diabetes was more likely in fQRS patients (1.12[1.01, 1.25], p = .03) while non-fQRS patients were 28% more likely to have a history of atrial fibrillation (0.82[0.67,1.00], p = .05). Ventricular arrhythmias were significantly 1.5 times more likely in patients with fQRS (1.51[1.02, 2.25], p = .04). HF patients were 1.7 times more likely to die of any cause if fQRS was present (1.68[1.13, 2.52], p = .01). NICM patients with fQRS have a significant 2.6-fold increased incidence of death compared with ICM patients (2.55[1.63, 3.98], p < .0001). CONCLUSION fQRS is associated with VA and all-cause mortality and may be a novel marker in the risk stratification of primary prevention HF patients indicated for ICD implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Engstrom
- College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Cardiac Investigations, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Dobson
- College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin Ng
- Cardiology Clinic, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Hayley Letson
- College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Mages C, Gampp H, Syren P, Rahm AK, André F, Frey N, Lugenbiel P, Thomas D. Electrical Ventricular Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102767. [PMID: 34685747 PMCID: PMC8534398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Pathomechanisms underlying arrhythmogenicity in patients with structural heart disease and impaired cardiac function include myocardial fibrosis and the remodeling of ion channels, affecting electrophysiologic properties of ventricular cardiomyocytes. The dysregulation of ion channel expression has been associated with cardiomyopathy and with the development of arrhythmias. However, the underlying molecular signaling pathways are increasingly recognized. This review summarizes clinical and cellular electrophysiologic characteristics observed in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with ionic and structural alterations at the ventricular level. Furthermore, potential translational strategies and therapeutic options are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mages
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Gampp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Syren
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian André
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lugenbiel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-568855; Fax: +49-6221-565514
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Li B, Guo Y, Zhan Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhao C, Sun N, Xu C, Liang Q. Cardiac Overexpression of XIN Prevents Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by TNNT2 ΔK210 Mutation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691749. [PMID: 34222259 PMCID: PMC8247596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNNT2 mutation is associated with a range of cardiac diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of DCM and heart failure remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we found the expression of cardiac XIN protein was reduced in TNNT2-ΔK210 hESCs-derived cardiomyocytes and mouse heart tissues. We further investigated whether XIN protects against TNNT2 mutation-induced DCM. Overexpression of the repeat-containing isoform XINB decreased the percentage of myofilaments disorganization and increased cell contractility of TNNT2-ΔK210 cardiomyocytes. Moreover, overexpression of XINB by heart-specific delivery via AAV9 ameliorates DCM remodeling caused by TNNT2-ΔK210 mutation in mice, revealed by partially reversed cardiac dilation, systolic dysfunction and heart fibrosis. These results suggest that deficiency of XIN may play a critical role in the development of DCM. Consequently, our findings may provide a new mechanistic insight and represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of idiopathic DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkun Zhan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Li Y, Cheang I, Zhang Z, Yao W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zuo X, Li X, Cao Q. Prognostic Association of TERC, TERT Gene Polymorphism, and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Acute Heart Failure: A Prospective Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:650922. [PMID: 33763035 PMCID: PMC7982721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.650922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length and telomerase are associated in development of cardiovascular diseases. Study aims to investigate the associations of TERC and TERT gene polymorphism and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the prognosis of acute heart failure (AHF). METHODS Total 322 patients with AHF were enrolled and divided into death and survival group according to all-cause mortality within 18 months. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TERC and TERT were selected. Baseline characteristics, genotype distribution and polymorphic allele frequency, and genetic model were initially analyzed. Genotypes and the LTL were determined for further analysis. RESULTS Compared to carrying homozygous wild genotype, the risk of death in patients with mutated alleles of four SNPs- rs12696304(G>C), rs10936599(T>C), rs1317082(G>A), and rs10936601(T>C) of TERC were significantly higher. The dominant models of above were independently associated with mortality. In recessive models, rs10936599 and rs1317082 of TERC, rs7726159 of TERT were independently associated with long-term mortality. Further analysis showed, in haplotype consisting with TERC - rs12696304, rs10936599, rs1317082, and rs10936601, mutant alleles CCAC and wild alleles GTGT were significant difference between groups (P<0.05). CCAC is a risk factor and GTGT is a protective factor for AHF patients. Relative LTL decreased over age, but showed no difference between groups and genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The SNPs of TERC and TERT are associated with the prognosis of AHF, and are the independent risk factors for predicting 18-month mortality in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Iokfai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrong Zuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cao, ; Xinli Li,
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cao, ; Xinli Li,
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10
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Lee SH, Kim DH, Kuzmanov U, Gramolini AO. Membrane proteomic profiling of the heart: past, present, and future. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H417-H423. [PMID: 33185114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00659.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the most rapidly rising contributing factor of all-cause mortality and the leading cause of inpatient hospitalization worldwide, with costs exceeding $30 billion annually in North America. Cell surface and membrane-associated proteins play an important role in cardiomyocyte biology and are involved in the pathogenesis of many human heart diseases. In cardiomyocytes, membrane proteins serve as critical signaling receptors, Ca2+ cycling regulators, and electrical propagation regulators, all functioning in concert to maintain spontaneous and synchronous contractions of cardiomyocytes. Membrane proteins are excellent pharmaceutical targets due to their uniquely exposed position within the cell. Perturbations in cardiac membrane protein localization and function have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of many heart diseases. However, previous attempts at profiling the cardiac membrane proteome have yielded limited results due to poor technological developments for isolating hydrophobic, low-abundance membrane proteins. Comprehensive mapping and characterization of the cardiac membrane proteome thereby remains incomplete. This review will focus on recent advances in mapping the cardiac membrane proteome and the role of novel cardiac membrane proteins in the healthy and the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Haw Lee
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uros Kuzmanov
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Liu C, Spinozzi S, Feng W, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhu S, Wu T, Fang X, Ouyang K, Evans SM, Chen J. Homozygous G650del nexilin variant causes cardiomyopathy in mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138780. [PMID: 32814711 PMCID: PMC7455123 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nexilin (NEXN) was recently identified as a component of the junctional membrane complex required for development and maintenance of cardiac T-tubules. Loss of Nexn in mice leads to a rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and premature death. A 3 bp deletion (1948-1950del) leading to loss of the glycine in position 650 (G650del) is classified as a variant of uncertain significance in humans and may function as an intermediate risk allele. To determine the effect of the G650del variant on cardiac structure and function, we generated a G645del-knockin (G645del is equivalent to human G650del) mouse model. Homozygous G645del mice express about 30% of the Nexn expressed by WT controls and exhibited a progressive DCM characterized by reduced T-tubule formation, with disorganization of the transverse-axial tubular system. On the other hand, heterozygous Nexn global KO mice and genetically engineered mice encoding a truncated Nexn missing the first N-terminal actin-binding domain exhibited normal cardiac function, despite expressing only 50% and 20% of the Nexn, respectively, expressed by WT controls, suggesting that not only quantity but also quality of Nexn is necessary for a proper function. These findings demonstrated that Nexn G645 is crucial for Nexn's function in tubular system organization and normal cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canzhao Liu
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ze’e Chen
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Siting Zhu
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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12
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Yi JS, Perla S, Enyenihi L, Bennett AM. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of PZR promotes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in PTPN11-associated Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137753. [PMID: 32584792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that presents with cardio-cutaneous-craniofacial defects. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents the major life-threatening presentation in NSML. Mutations in the PTPN11 gene that encodes for the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP2, represents the predominant cause of HCM in NSML. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations render SHP2 catalytically inactive with an "open" conformation. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations cause hypertyrosyl phosphorylation of the transmembrane glycoprotein, protein zero-related (PZR), resulting in increased SHP2 binding. Here we show that NSML mice harboring a tyrosyl phosphorylation-defective mutant of PZR (NSML/PZRY242F) that is defective for SHP2 binding fail to develop HCM. Enhanced AKT/S6 kinase signaling in heart lysates of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, demonstrating that PZR/SHP2 interactions promote aberrant AKT/S6 kinase activity in NSML. Enhanced PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation in the hearts of NSML mice was found to drive myocardial fibrosis by engaging an Src/NF-κB pathway, resulting in increased activation of IL-6. Increased expression of IL-6 in the hearts of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, and PZRY242F mutant fibroblasts were defective for IL-6 secretion and STAT3-mediated fibrogenesis. These results demonstrate that NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations that induce PZR hypertyrosyl phosphorylation trigger pathophysiological signaling that promotes HCM and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Zhao YN, Li H, Zhao C, Liu GH. ST2 silencing aggravates ventricular remodeling and chronic heart failure in rats by mediating the IL-33/ST2 axis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1201-1212. [PMID: 32592632 DOI: 10.1002/term.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure appears to be a severe public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Knowledge of the molecular mechanism contributing to ventricular remodeling would allow for earlier prevention of heart failure. Evidence exists reporting the involvement of IL-33 and ST2 and in heart remodeling. Thus, this study aims to delineate the effects of ST2 on chronic heart failure (CHF) via the IL-33/ST2 axis. Coronary artery ligation was employed to simulate CHF in rats, which were characterized by transthoracic echocardiography for cardiac function. After that, ST2 silencing and IL-33 overexpression were induced in rat models to evaluate apoptosis and pathological alterations in myocardial tissues and serum levels of biochemical indices. It was revealed that cardiac function was impaired in response to ST2 silencing. Furthermore, ST2 knockdown suppressed the activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and accelerated cardiomyocyte apoptosis via blockade of the IL-33/ST2 axis. These findings suggest an inhibitory role of ST2 silencing on the IL-33/ST2 axis, which consequently increases the risk of cardiac dysfunction, accelerates ventricular remodeling, and aggravates heart failure in rats. This study highlights that ST2 silencing may be a novel potential preventive or therapeutic target for CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guo-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, increasing its morbidity and mortality. Cardiac fibroblast is the keystone of fibrogenesis, being activated by numerous cellular and humoral factors. Macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mast cells, and endothelial cells stimulate fibrogenesis directly by activating cardiac fibroblasts and indirectly by synthetizing various profibrotic molecules. The synthesis of type 1 and type 3 collagen, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin is rendered by various mechanisms like transforming growth factor-beta/small mothers against decapentaplegic pathway, renin angiotensin system, and estrogens, which in turn alter the extracellular matrix. Investigating the underlying mechanisms will allow the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools and discover novel specific therapies. Serum biomarkers aid in the diagnosis and tracking of cardiac fibrosis progression. The diagnostic gold standard is cardiac magnetic resonance with gadolinium administration that allows quantification of cardiac fibrosis either by late gadolinium enhancement assessment or by T1 mapping. Therefore, the goal is to stop and even reverse cardiac fibrosis by developing specific therapies that directly target fibrogenesis, in addition to the drugs used to treat heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy had shown to revert myocardial remodeling and to reduce cardiac fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of currently available data.
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15
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Nakao S, Ihara D, Hasegawa K, Kawamura T. Applications for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modelling and Drug Development for Heart Diseases. Eur Cardiol 2020; 15:1-10. [PMID: 32180835 PMCID: PMC7066852 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from reprogrammed somatic cells by the introduction of defined transcription factors. They are characterised by a capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Human (h)iPSCs are expected to be used extensively for disease modelling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. Obtaining cardiac tissue from patients with mutations for genetic studies and functional analyses is a highly invasive procedure. In contrast, disease-specific hiPSCs are derived from the somatic cells of patients with specific genetic mutations responsible for disease phenotypes. These disease-specific hiPSCs are a better tool for studies of the pathophysiology and cellular responses to therapeutic agents. This article focuses on the current understanding, limitations and future direction of disease-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nakao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Pires RH, Shree N, Manu E, Guzniczak E, Otto O. Cardiomyocyte mechanodynamics under conditions of actin remodelling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190081. [PMID: 31587648 PMCID: PMC6792454 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical performance of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is an important indicator of their maturation state and of primary importance for the development of therapies based on cardiac stem cells. As the mechanical analysis of adherent cells at high-throughput remains challenging, we explore the applicability of real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC) to probe cardiomyocytes in suspension. RT-DC is a microfluidic technology allowing for real-time mechanical analysis of thousands of cells with a throughput exceeding 1000 cells per second. For CMs derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, we determined a Young's modulus of 1.25 ± 0.08 kPa which is in close range to previous reports. Upon challenging the cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D (CytoD) to induce filamentous actin depolymerization, we distinguish three different regimes in cellular elasticity. Transitions are observed below 10 nM and above 103 nM and are characterized by a decrease in Young's modulus. These regimes can be linked to cytoskeletal and sarcomeric actin contributions by CM contractility measurements at varying CytoD concentrations, where we observe a significant reduction in pulse duration only above 103 nM while no change is found for compound exposure at lower concentrations. Comparing our results to mechanical cell measurements using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, the feasibility of using a microfluidic technique to measure mechanical properties of large samples of adherent cells while linking our results to the composition of the cytoskeletal network. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Single cell ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H. Pires
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nithya Shree
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Manu
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ewa Guzniczak
- Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Science, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Oliver Otto
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Tran MP, Tsutsumi R, Erberich JM, Chen KD, Flores MD, Cooper KL. Evolutionary loss of foot muscle during development with characteristics of atrophy and no evidence of cell death. eLife 2019; 8:50645. [PMID: 31612857 PMCID: PMC6855805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species that run or leap across sparsely vegetated habitats, including horses and deer, evolved the severe reduction or complete loss of foot muscles as skeletal elements elongated and digits were lost, and yet the developmental mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report the natural loss of foot muscles in the bipedal jerboa, Jaculus jaculus. Although adults have no muscles in their feet, newborn animals have muscles that rapidly disappear soon after birth. We were surprised to find no evidence of apoptotic or necrotic cell death during stages of peak myofiber loss, countering well-supported assumptions of developmental tissue remodeling. We instead see hallmarks of muscle atrophy, including an ordered disassembly of the sarcomere associated with upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. We propose that the natural loss of muscle, which remodeled foot anatomy during evolution and development, involves cellular mechanisms that are typically associated with disease or injury. Intrinsic muscles are a group of muscles deep inside the hands and feet. They help to control the precise movements required, for example, for a pianist to play their instrument or for certain animals to climb with remarkable agility. Some animals, such as horses and deer, have evolved in such a way that they no longer grasp objects with hands and feet. Where intrinsic muscles were once present in the hands and feet of their ancestors, these animals now have strong ligaments that prevent over-extension of the wrist and ankle joints during hard landings. Given their size, it is difficult to study horses and deer in the laboratory and understand how they lost their intrinsic muscles during evolution. Tran et al. therefore focused on a small rodent called the lesser Egyptian jerboa, which also displays long legs with strong ligaments and no intrinsic muscles. Newborn jerboas have foot muscles that look very much like the intrinsic muscles found in mice, but these muscles disappear within 4 days of birth. A mechanism called programmed cell death is often responsible for specific tissues disappearing during development, but the experiments of Tran et al. revealed that this was not the case in jerboas. Instead, their intrinsic muscles were degraded by processes triggered by genes that disassemble underused muscles. In mice and humans, fasting, nerve injuries, or immobility trigger this type of muscle degradation, but in jerboas these processes appear to be a normal part of development. This unexpected discovery shows that development and disease-like processes are linked, and that more studies of nontraditional research animals may help scientists better understand these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai P Tran
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rio Tsutsumi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Joel M Erberich
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Kevin D Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Michelle D Flores
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Kimberly L Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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18
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Rosenbaum AN, Agre KE, Pereira NL. Genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy: practical implications for heart failure management. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:286-297. [PMID: 31605094 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the global burden of heart failure, strategies to understand the underlying cause or to provide prognostic information are critical to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent disease. Cardiomyopathies often have a genetic cause, and the field of heart failure genetics is progressing rapidly. Through a deliberate investigation, evaluation for a familial component of cardiomyopathy can lead to increased identification of pathogenic genetic variants. Much research has also been focused on identifying markers of risk in patients with cardiomyopathy with the use of genetic testing. Advances in our understanding of genetic variants have been slightly offset by an increased recognition of the heterogeneity of disease expression. Greater breadth of genetic testing can increase the likelihood of identifying a variant of uncertain significance, which is resolved only rarely by cellular functional validation and segregation analysis. To increase the use of genetics in heart failure clinics, increased availability of genetic counsellors and other providers with experience in genetics is necessary. Ultimately, through ongoing research and increased clinical experience in cardiomyopathy genetics, an improved understanding of the disease processes will facilitate better clinical decision-making about the therapies offered, exemplifying the implementation of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine E Agre
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naveen L Pereira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The natural history of heart failure (HF) is not linear, because changes in the heart structure and function start long before the disease becomes clinically evident. Many different cytokines originating from intracardiac tissues (cardiomyocytes, cardiac endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiac infiltrated immune cells) or extracardiac tissues (adipose tissue, gut, and lymphoid organs) have been identified in HF. Because the levels of circulating cytokines correlate with the development and severity of HF, these mediators may have both pathophysiological importance, through their ability to modulate inflammation, myocyte stress/stretch, myocyte injury and apoptosis, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodeling, and utility as clinical predictive biomarkers. A greater understanding of the mechanisms mediated by the multifaceted network of cytokines, leading to distinct HF phenotypes (HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction), is urgently needed for the development of new treatment strategies. In this chapter, all these issues were thoroughly discussed, pointing on the practical considerations concerning the clinical use of the cytokines as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Elena Stanciu
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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20
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Salimova E, Nowak KJ, Estrada AC, Furtado MB, McNamara E, Nguyen Q, Balmer L, Preuss C, Holmes JW, Ramialison M, Morahan G, Rosenthal NA. Variable outcomes of human heart attack recapitulated in genetically diverse mice. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:5. [PMID: 30854227 PMCID: PMC6399323 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical variation in patient responses to myocardial infarction (MI) has been difficult to model in laboratory animals. To assess the genetic basis of variation in outcomes after heart attack, we characterized responses to acute MI in the Collaborative Cross (CC), a multi-parental panel of genetically diverse mouse strains. Striking differences in post-MI functional, morphological, and myocardial scar features were detected across 32 CC founder and recombinant inbred strains. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a plausible link between increased intrinsic cardiac oxidative phosphorylation levels and MI-induced heart failure. The emergence of significant quantitative trait loci for several post-MI traits indicates that utilizing CC strains is a valid approach for gene network discovery in cardiovascular disease, enabling more accurate clinical risk assessment and prediction. Mice from a genetically diverse panel of inbred strains show a variety of biological outcomes after a heart attack (myocardial infarction), just as humans do. This ‘Collaborative Cross’ mouse resource—which is already widely used in other disciplines of biomedical research—thus provides a tractable system for investigating the genetic factors contributing to acute and chronic presentations of heart disease. Ekaterina Salimova from Monash University in Clayton, Australia, and colleagues experimentally induced myocardial infarctions in the 32 founder or recombinant strains from the Collaborative Cross. They documented large differences in survival, cardiac dilation and scar size among different strains. Gene expression profiling and quantitative trait locus mapping revealed a large number of candidate genes and molecular pathways linked to adverse outcomes. These could offer promising drug targets for treating the damage wrought by heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Salimova
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,2Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,5Office of Population Health Genomics, Division of Public and Aboriginal Health, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ana C Estrada
- 6Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Milena B Furtado
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,7The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Quang Nguyen
- 4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- 4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,8School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Christoph Preuss
- 9National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- 6Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,7The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA.,9National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Semantic Multi-Classifier Systems Identify Predictive Processes in Heart Failure Models across Species. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040158. [PMID: 30486323 PMCID: PMC6315933 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic model organisms have the potential of removing blind spots from the underlying gene regulatory networks of human diseases. Allowing analyses under experimental conditions they complement the insights gained from observational data. An inevitable requirement for a successful trans-species transfer is an abstract but precise high-level characterization of experimental findings. In this work, we provide a large-scale analysis of seven weak contractility/heart failure genotypes of the model organism zebrafish which all share a weak contractility phenotype. In supervised classification experiments, we screen for discriminative patterns that distinguish between observable phenotypes (homozygous mutant individuals) as well as wild-type (homozygous wild-types) and carriers (heterozygous individuals). As the method of choice we use semantic multi-classifier systems, a knowledge-based approach which constructs hypotheses from a predefined vocabulary of high-level terms (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways or Gene Ontology (GO) terms). Evaluating these models leads to a compact description of the underlying processes and guides the screening for new molecular markers of heart failure. Furthermore, we were able to independently corroborate the identified processes in Wistar rats.
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22
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Trembley MA, Quijada P, Agullo-Pascual E, Tylock KM, Colpan M, Dirkx RA, Myers JR, Mickelsen DM, de Mesy Bentley K, Rothenberg E, Moravec CS, Alexis JD, Gregorio CC, Dirksen RT, Delmar M, Small EM. Mechanosensitive Gene Regulation by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Integrity in Load-Induced Ventricular Hypertrophy. Circulation 2018; 138:1864-1878. [PMID: 29716942 PMCID: PMC6202206 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth and dysfunction accompany various forms of heart disease. The mechanisms responsible for transcriptional changes that affect cardiac physiology and the transition to heart failure are not well understood. The intercalated disc (ID) is a specialized intercellular junction coupling cardiomyocyte force transmission and propagation of electrical activity. The ID is gaining attention as a mechanosensitive signaling hub and hotspot for causative mutations in cardiomyopathy. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and single-molecule localization microscopy were used to examine changes in ID structure and protein localization in the murine and human heart. We conducted detailed cardiac functional assessment and transcriptional profiling of mice lacking myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A and MRTF-B specifically in adult cardiomyocytes to evaluate the role of mechanosensitive regulation of gene expression in load-induced ventricular remodeling. RESULTS We found that MRTFs localize to IDs in the healthy human heart and accumulate in the nucleus in heart failure. Although mice lacking MRTFs in adult cardiomyocytes display normal cardiac physiology at baseline, pressure overload leads to rapid heart failure characterized by sarcomere disarray, ID disintegration, chamber dilation and wall thinning, cardiac functional decline, and partially penetrant acute lethality. Transcriptional profiling reveals a program of actin cytoskeleton and cardiomyocyte adhesion genes driven by MRTFs during pressure overload. Indeed, conspicuous remodeling of gap junctions at IDs identified by single-molecule localization microscopy may partially stem from a reduction in Mapre1 expression, which we show is a direct mechanosensitive MRTF target. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes a novel paradigm in which MRTFs control an acute mechanosensitive signaling circuit that coordinates cross-talk between the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and maintains ID integrity and cardiomyocyte homeostasis in heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- COS Cells
- Case-Control Studies
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Single Molecule Imaging
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Trembley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Esperanza Agullo-Pascual
- The Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kevin M. Tylock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Mert Colpan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ronald A. Dirkx
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Jason R. Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Deanne M. Mickelsen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Alexis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Carol C. Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eric M. Small
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Author for correspondence: Eric M. Small, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, Phone: (585)276-7706, Fax: (585) 276-9839,
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23
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Zebrafish heart failure models: opportunities and challenges. Amino Acids 2018; 50:787-798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Lysosomal Storage Diseases That Manifest a Cardiac Phenotype. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Punjab, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Genetic investigations of fibrotic diseases, including those of late onset, often yield unanticipated insights into disease pathogenesis. This Review focuses on pathways underlying lung fibrosis that are generalizable to other organs. Herein, we discuss genetic variants subdivided into those that shorten telomeres, activate the DNA damage response, change resident protein expression or function, or affect organelle activity. Genetic studies provide a window into the downstream cascade of maladaptive responses and pathways that lead to tissue fibrosis. In addition, these studies reveal interactions between genetic variants, environmental factors, and age that influence the phenotypic spectrum of disease. The discovery of forces counterbalancing inherited risk alleles identifies potential therapeutic targets, thus providing hope for future prevention or reversal of fibrosis.
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Soetkamp D, Raedschelders K, Mastali M, Sobhani K, Bairey Merz CN, Van Eyk J. The continuing evolution of cardiac troponin I biomarker analysis: from protein to proteoform. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:973-986. [PMID: 28984473 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1387054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The troponin complex consists of three proteins that fundamentally couple excitation with contraction. Circulating cardiac-specific Troponin I (cTnI) serves as diagnostic biomarker tools for risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes and acute myocardial infarction (MI). Within the heart, cTnI oscillates between inactive and active conformations to either block or disinhibit actinomyosin formation. This molecular mechanism is fine-tuned through extensive protein modifications whose profiles are maladaptively altered with co-morbidities including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and heart failure. Technological advances in analytical platforms over the last decade enable routine baseline cTnI analysis in patients without cardiovascular complications, and hold potential to expand cTnI readouts that include modified cTnI proteoforms. Areas covered: This review covers the current state, advances, and prospects of analytical platforms that now enable routine baseline cTnI analysis in patients. In parallel, improved mass spectrometry instrumentation and workflows already reveal an array of modified cTnI proteoforms with promising diagnostic implications. Expert commentary: New analytical capabilities provide clinicians and researchers with an opportunity to address important questions surrounding circulating cTnI in the improved diagnosis of specific patient cohorts. These techniques also hold considerable promise for new predictive and prescriptive applications for individualized profiling and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Soetkamp
- a Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- a Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mitra Mastali
- a Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- b Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- c Women's Heart Center , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- a Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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28
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Roy R, Krenz M. Heterozygous deletion of AKT1 rescues cardiac contractility, but not hypertrophy, in a mouse model of Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:83-90. [PMID: 28911943 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML) is associated with congenital heart disease in form of pulmonary valve stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Genetically, NSML is primarily caused by mutations in the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Importantly, certain SHP2 mutations such as Q510E can cause a particularly severe form of HCM with heart failure in infancy. Due to lack of insight into the underlying pathomechanisms, an effective custom-tailored therapy to prevent heart failure in these patients has not yet been found. SHP2 regulates numerous signaling cascades governing cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Experimental models have shown that NSML mutations in SHP2 cause dysregulation of downstream signaling, in particular involving the protein kinase AKT. AKT, and especially the isoform AKT1, has been shown to be a major regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. We therefore hypothesized that hyperactivation of AKT1 is required for the development of Q510E-SHP2-induced HCM. We previously generated a transgenic mouse model of NSML-associated HCM induced by Q510E-SHP2 expression in cardiomyocytes starting before birth. Mice display neonatal-onset HCM with initially preserved contractile function followed by functional decline around 2months of age. As a proof-of-principle study, our current goal was to establish to which extent a genetic reduction in AKT1 rescues the Q510E-SHP2-induced cardiac phenotype in vivo. AKT1 deletion mice were crossed with Q510E-SHP2 transgenic mice and the resulting compound mutant offspring analyzed. Homozygous deletion of AKT1 greatly reduced viability in our NSML mouse model, whereas heterozygous deletion of AKT1 in combination with Q510E-SHP2 expression was well tolerated. Despite normalization of pro-hypertrophic signaling downstream of AKT, heterozygous deletion of AKT1 did not ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by Q510E-SHP2. However, the functional decline caused by Q510E-SHP2 expression was effectively prevented by reducing AKT1 protein. This demonstrates that AKT1 plays an important role in the underlying pathomechanism. Furthermore, the functional rescue was associated with an increase in the capillary-to-cardiomyocyte ratio and normalization of capillary density per tissue area in the compound mutant offspring. We therefore speculate that limited oxygen supply to the hypertrophied cardiomyocytes may contribute to the functional decline observed in our mouse model of NSML-associated HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajika Roy
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Maike Krenz
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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29
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Caddeo S, Boffito M, Sartori S. Tissue Engineering Approaches in the Design of Healthy and Pathological In Vitro Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:40. [PMID: 28798911 PMCID: PMC5526851 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tissue engineering (TE) paradigm, engineering and life sciences tools are combined to develop bioartificial substitutes for organs and tissues, which can in turn be applied in regenerative medicine, pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and basic research to elucidate fundamental aspects of cell functions in vivo or to identify mechanisms involved in aging processes and disease onset and progression. The complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment in which cells are organized in vivo allows the interaction between different cell types and between cells and the extracellular matrix, the composition of which varies as a function of the tissue, the degree of maturation, and health conditions. In this context, 3D in vitro models can more realistically reproduce a tissue or organ than two-dimensional (2D) models. Moreover, they can overcome the limitations of animal models and reduce the need for in vivo tests, according to the "3Rs" guiding principles for a more ethical research. The design of 3D engineered tissue models is currently in its development stage, showing high potential in overcoming the limitations of already available models. However, many issues are still opened, concerning the identification of the optimal scaffold-forming materials, cell source and biofabrication technology, and the best cell culture conditions (biochemical and physical cues) to finely replicate the native tissue and the surrounding environment. In the near future, 3D tissue-engineered models are expected to become useful tools in the preliminary testing and screening of drugs and therapies and in the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning disease onset and progression. In this review, the application of TE principles to the design of in vitro 3D models will be surveyed, with a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of this emerging approach. In addition, a brief overview on the development of in vitro models of healthy and pathological bone, heart, pancreas, and liver will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caddeo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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30
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Araco M, Merlo M, Carr-White G, Sinagra G. Genetic bases of dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:123-130. [PMID: 27661610 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies represent a wide and heterogeneous group of diseases wherein a genetic cause has been consistently identified.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular dilation and progressive systolic dysfunction, and it is the most common form of cardiomyopathy.Causative genetic mutations have been identified in more than 40 genes encoding proteins belonging to different cellular structures and pathways.A great diversity of pathways has been implied in the pathogenesis of DCM, depending on the affected genes and on the dislodged intracellular structures or mechanisms.This review describes the major genes and focus on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of DCM, with a special consideration of the most recent discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Araco
- aDepartment of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom bDivision of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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31
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Wang G, Ji R, Zou W, Penny DJ, Fan Y. Inherited Cardiomyopathies: Genetics and Clinical Genetic Testing. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2017.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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Renin–angiotensin system gene polymorphisms as potential modifiers of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 427:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Yi JS, Huang Y, Kwaczala AT, Kuo IY, Ehrlich BE, Campbell SG, Giordano FJ, Bennett AM. Low-dose dasatinib rescues cardiac function in Noonan syndrome. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e90220. [PMID: 27942593 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common autosomal dominant disorder that presents with short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, and cardiac abnormalities. Activating mutations in the PTPN11 gene encoding for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) causes approximately 50% of NS cases. In contrast, NS with multiple lentigines (NSML) is caused by mutations that inactivate SHP2, but it exhibits some overlapping abnormalities with NS. Protein zero-related (PZR) is a SHP2-binding protein that is hyper-tyrosyl phosphorylated in the hearts of mice from NS and NSML, suggesting that PZR and the tyrosine kinase that catalyzes its phosphorylation represent common targets for these diseases. We show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, at doses orders of magnitude lower than that used for its anticancer activities inhibited PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation in the hearts of NS mice. Low-dose dasatinib treatment of NS mice markedly improved cardiomyocyte contractility and functionality. Remarkably, a low dose of dasatinib reversed the expression levels of molecular markers of cardiomyopathy and reduced cardiac fibrosis in NS and NSML mice. These results suggest that PZR/SHP2 signaling is a common target of both NS and NSML and that low-dose dasatinib may represent a unifying therapy for the treatment of PTPN11-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology.,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Huang ZP, Ding Y, Chen J, Wu G, Kataoka M, Hu Y, Yang JH, Liu J, Drakos SG, Selzman CH, Kyselovic J, Qu LH, dos Remedios CG, Pu WT, Wang DZ. Long non-coding RNAs link extracellular matrix gene expression to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:543-554. [PMID: 27557636 PMCID: PMC5079274 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) resulting from myocardial infarction is a major cause of heart failure (HF). Recently, thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered and implicated in a variety of biological processes. However, the role of most lncRNAs in HF remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the expression and function of lncRNAs are differentially regulated in diseased hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we performed RNA deep sequencing of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs from cardiac samples of patients with ICM ( n = 15) and controls ( n = 15). Genome-wide transcriptome analysis confirmed that many protein-coding genes previously known to be involved in HF were altered in ICM hearts. Among the 145 differentially expressed lncRNAs identified in ICM hearts, we found a set of 35 lncRNAs that display strong positive expression correlation. Expression correlation coefficient analyses of differentially expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding genes revealed a strong association between lncRNAs and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-coding genes. We overexpressed or knocked down selected lncRNAs in cardiac fibroblasts and our results suggest that lncRNAs are important regulators of fibrosis and the expression of ECM synthesis genes. Moreover, we show that lncRNAs participate in the TGF-β pathway to modulate the expression of ECM genes and myofibroblast differentiation. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate that the expression of many lncRNAs is dynamically regulated in ICM. lncRNAs regulate the expression and function of ECM and cardiac fibrosis during the development of ICM. Our results further indicate that lncRNAs may represent novel regulators of heart function and cardiac disorders, including ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yongwu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Yang
- RNA Information Center, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Liang-Hu Qu
- RNA Information Center, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | | | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Hu DX, Liu XB, Song WC, Wang JA. Roles of SIRT3 in heart failure: from bench to bedside. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:821-830. [PMID: 27819129 PMCID: PMC5120224 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents the most common endpoint of most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are the leading causes of death around the world. Despite the advances in treating CVDs, the prevalence of HF continues to increase. It is believed that better results of prognosis are obtained from prevention rather than additional treatment for HF. Therefore, it is reasonable to prevent the development of CVDs or other complications to HF. Most types of HF are attributed to contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy or remodeling, and ischemic injuries. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase whose substrates vary from metabolic biogenesis-associated proteins to stress-responsive proteins. In recent years, a number of studies have highlighted the cardio-protective role of SIRT3 and, as such, efforts have been made to induce over-expression or increased activity of this protein. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of SIRT3 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload or agonists and cardiomyocytes ischemic injuries. Moreover, we will introduce the application of SIRT3 agonists in the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-xing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xian-bao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wen-chao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jian-an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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36
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Abstract
Hundreds of different mutations in genes encoding a few dozen sarcomeric proteins cause two reciprocal human disease phenotypes, hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. How molecular dysfunction evokes different patterns of cardiac remodeling is unclear. Davis et al. describe a biophysical metric of cardiomyocyte function, the force-time integral, which predicts disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Koh W, Wong C, Tang WHW. Genetic Predispositions to Heart Failure. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cho KW, Lee J, Kim Y. Genetic Variations Leading to Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Mol Cells 2016; 39:722-727. [PMID: 27802374 PMCID: PMC5104879 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of death worldwide. Based on pathohistological abnormalities and clinical manifestation, cardiomyopathies are categorized into several groups: hypertrophic, dilated, restricted, arrhythmogenic right ventricular, and unclassified. Dilated cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by dilation of the left ventricle and systolic dysfunction, is the most severe and prevalent form of cardiomyopathy and usually requires heart transplantation. Its etiology remains unclear. Recent genetic studies of single gene mutations have provided significant insights into the complex processes of cardiac dysfunction. To date, over 40 genes have been demonstrated to contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy. With advances in genetic screening techniques, novel genes associated with this disease are continuously being identified. The respective gene products can be classified into several functional groups such as sarcomere proteins, structural proteins, ion channels, and nuclear envelope proteins. Nuclear envelope proteins are emerging as potential molecular targets in dilated cardiomyopathy. Because they are not directly associated with contractile force generation and transmission, the molecular pathways through which these proteins cause cardiac muscle disorder remain unclear. However, nuclear envelope proteins are involved in many essential cellular processes. Therefore, integrating apparently distinct cellular processes is of great interest in elucidating the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy. In this mini review, we summarize the genetic factors associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and discuss their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheon-an 31151,
Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheon-an 31151,
Korea
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Begay RL, Tharp CA, Martin A, Graw SL, Sinagra G, Miani D, Sweet ME, Slavov DB, Stafford N, Zeller MJ, Alnefaie R, Rowland TJ, Brun F, Jones KL, Gowan K, Mestroni L, Garrity DM, Taylor MRG. FLNC Gene Splice Mutations Cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:344-359. [PMID: 28008423 PMCID: PMC5166708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A genetic etiology has been identified in 30% to 40% of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients, yet only 50% of these cases are associated with a known causative gene variant. Thus, in order to understand the pathophysiology of DCM, it is necessary to identify and characterize additional genes. In this study, whole exome sequencing in combination with segregation analysis was used to identify mutations in a novel gene, filamin C (FLNC), resulting in a cardiac-restricted DCM pathology. Here we provide functional data via zebrafish studies and protein analysis to support a model implicating FLNC haploinsufficiency as a mechanism of DCM. Deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from 2 large DCM families was studied using whole-exome sequencing and cosegregation analysis resulting in the identification of a novel disease gene, FLNC. The 2 families, from the same Italian region, harbored the same FLNC splice-site mutation (FLNC c.7251+1G>A). A third U.S. family was then identified with a novel FLNC splice-site mutation (FLNC c.5669-1delG) that leads to haploinsufficiency as shown by the FLNC Western blot analysis of the heart muscle. The FLNC ortholog flncb morpholino was injected into zebrafish embryos, and when flncb was knocked down caused a cardiac dysfunction phenotype. On electron microscopy, the flncb morpholino knockdown zebrafish heart showed defects within the Z-discs and sarcomere disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene L Begay
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Charles A Tharp
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - August Martin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Sharon L Graw
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Miani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Science, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Mary E Sweet
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Dobromir B Slavov
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Neil Stafford
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; Cardiovascular and Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Molly J Zeller
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Rasha Alnefaie
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Teisha J Rowland
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Francesca Brun
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Deborah M Garrity
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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Gigli M, Begay RL, Morea G, Graw SL, Sinagra G, Taylor MRG, Granzier H, Mestroni L. A Review of the Giant Protein Titin in Clinical Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:21. [PMID: 27493940 PMCID: PMC4954824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin (TTN) is known as the largest sarcomeric protein that resides within the heart muscle. Due to alternative splicing of TTN, the heart expresses two major isoforms (N2B and N2BA) that incorporate four distinct regions termed the Z-line, I-band, A-band, and M-line. Next-generation sequencing allows a large number of genes to be sequenced simultaneously and provides the opportunity to easily analyze giant genes such as TTN. Mutations in the TTN gene can cause cardiomyopathies, in particular dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM is the most common form of cardiomyopathy, and it is characterized by systolic dysfunction and dilation of the left ventricle. TTN truncating variants have been described as the most common cause of DCM, while the real impact of TTN missense variants in the pathogenesis of DCM is still unclear. In a recent population screening study, rare missense variants potentially pathogenic based on bioinformatic filtering represented only 12.6% of the several hundred rare TTN missense variants found, suggesting that missense variants are very common in TTN and are frequently benign. The aim of this review is to understand the clinical role of TTN mutations in DCM and in other cardiomyopathies. Whereas TTN truncations are common in DCM, there is evidence that TTN truncations are rare in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype. Furthermore, TTN mutations can also cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) with distinct clinical features and outcomes. Finally, the identification of a rare TTN missense variant cosegregating with the restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) phenotype suggests that TTN is a novel disease-causing gene in this disease. Clinical diagnostic testing is currently able to analyze over 100 cardiomyopathy genes, including TTN; however, the size and presence of extensive genetic variation in TTN presents clinical challenges in determining significant disease-causing mutations. This review discusses the current knowledge of TTN genetic variations in cardiomyopathies and the impact of the diagnosis of TTN pathogenic mutations in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gigli
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hospital and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rene L Begay
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Gaetano Morea
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hospital and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sharon L Graw
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital and University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Henk Granzier
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
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41
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Sandip C, Tan L, Huang J, Li Q, Ni L, Cianflone K, Wang DW. Common variants in IL-17A/IL-17RA axis contribute to predisposition to and progression of congestive heart failure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4105. [PMID: 27399111 PMCID: PMC5058840 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is characterized by immune activation leading to production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine and multiple lines of evidence from animal and human studies suggest crucial roles of IL-17A in heart failure. Therefore, we investigated whether common polymorphisms of genes IL17A and IL17RA (coding interleukin 17 receptor A) contribute to genetic predisposition to heart failure and adverse clinical outcomes associated with it.A total of 1713 adult patients with congestive heart failure and 1713 age- and sex-matched controls were genotyped for promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2275913 and rs8193037 in IL17A and rs4819554 in IL17RA, to assess the relationship between individual SNPs and the risk of congestive heart failure. Results showed that rs8193037 in IL17A was associated with the risk of congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.90, adjusted P = 0.002) after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors including age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This association was evident in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure (P = 0.005 and P = 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, prospective follow-up of 12.7 months for the occurrence of adverse clinical outcomes showed that rs4819554 in IL17RA was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.02-1.59, adjusted P = 0.03) after adjustments for multiple cardiovascular risk factors and New York Heart Association functional class.This study demonstrated associations of rs8193037 in the promoter of IL17A with the risk of congestive heart failure, and of rs4819554 in the promoter of IL17RA with the risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. These data lend further support to the notion that immune activation and genetic polymorphisms contribute to heart failure pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaugai Sandip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lun Tan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dao Wen Wang, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China (e-mail: )
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42
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Kooij V, Viswanathan MC, Lee DI, Rainer PP, Schmidt W, Kronert WA, Harding SE, Kass DA, Bernstein SI, Van Eyk JE, Cammarato A. Profilin modulates sarcomeric organization and mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:238-48. [PMID: 26956799 PMCID: PMC4836629 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure is often preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, which is characterized by increased cell size, altered protein abundance, and actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Profilin is a well-conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional actin-binding protein, and its role in cardiomyocytes is largely unknown. Given its involvement in vascular hypertrophy, we aimed to test the hypothesis that profilin-1 is a key mediator of cardiomyocyte-specific hypertrophic remodelling. Methods and results Profilin-1 was elevated in multiple mouse models of hypertrophy, and a cardiomyocyte-specific increase of profilin in Drosophila resulted in significantly larger heart tube dimensions. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of profilin-1 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) induced a hypertrophic response, measured by increased myocyte size and gene expression. Profilin-1 silencing suppressed the response in NRVMs stimulated with phenylephrine or endothelin-1. Mechanistically, we found that profilin-1 regulates hypertrophy, in part, through activation of the ERK1/2 signalling cascade. Confocal microscopy showed that profilin localized to the Z-line of Drosophila myofibrils under normal conditions and accumulated near the M-line when overexpressed. Elevated profilin levels resulted in elongated sarcomeres, myofibrillar disorganization, and sarcomeric disarray, which correlated with impaired muscle function. Conclusion Our results identify novel roles for profilin as an important mediator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We show that overexpression of profilin is sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and sarcomeric remodelling, and silencing of profilin attenuates the hypertrophic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Kooij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Meera C Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong I Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - William Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William A Kronert
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Kass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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43
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Associations of Polymorphisms in HRH2, HRH3, DAO, and HNMT Genes with Risk of Chronic Heart Failure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1208476. [PMID: 26989676 PMCID: PMC4773518 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1208476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological functions of cardiac histamine level and related histamine receptors during the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) were intensively investigated previously. However, the relevance of polymorphisms in histamine-related genes, such as HRH2, HRH3, DAO, and HNMT, with CHF remains largely neglected. This study herein aims to analyze the clinical associations of polymorphisms in those genes with CHF risk. A total of 333 unrelated Chinese Han CHF patients and 354 ethnicity-matched healthy controls were recruited and 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. We found that the HRH3 rs3787429 polymorphism was associated with CHF risk (p < 0.001). The T allele of rs3787429 exhibited protective effect against CHF under the dominant (ORs = 0.455; 95% CIs = 0.322–0.642) and additive models (ORs = 0.662; 95% CIs = 0.523–0.838), while, for SNPs in HRH2, DAO, and HNMT, no significant associations were observed in the present study. These findings for the first time screen out one SNP (rs3787429) of HRH3 gene that was significantly associated with CHF in Chinese Han population, which may be a novel biomarker for personal prevention and treatment of CHF and provides novel highlights for investigating the contribution of this disease.
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44
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45
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Chun YW, Voyles DE, Rath R, Hofmeister LH, Boire TC, Wilcox H, Lee JH, Bellan LM, Hong CC, Sung HJ. Differential responses of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to anisotropic strain depends on disease status. J Biomech 2015; 48:3890-6. [PMID: 26476764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a non-ischemic heart disease with impaired pumping function of the heart. In this study, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from a healthy volunteer and a primary DCM patient to investigate the impact of DCM on iPSC-CMs׳ responses to different types of anisotropic strain. A bioreactor system was established that generates cardiac-mimetic forces of 150 kPa at 5% anisotropic cyclic strain and 1 Hz frequency. After confirming cardiac induction of the iPSCs, it was determined that fibronectin was favorable to other extracellular matrix protein coatings (gelatin, laminin, vitronectin) in terms of viable cell area and density, and was therefore selected as the coating for further study. When iPSC-CMs were exposed to three strain conditions (no strain, 5% static strain, and 5% cyclic strain), the static strain elicited significant induction of sarcomere components in comparison to other strain conditions. However, this induction occurred only in iPSC-CMs from a healthy volunteer ("control iPSC-CMs"), not in iPSC-CMs from the DCM patient ("DCM iPSC-CMs"). The donor type also significantly influenced gene expressions of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction markers in response to the strain conditions. Gene expression of connexin-43 (cell-cell interaction) had a higher fold change in healthy versus diseased iPSC-CMs under static and cyclic strain, as opposed to integrins α-5 and α-10 (cell-matrix interaction). In summary, our iPSC-CM-based study to model the effects of different strain conditions suggests that intrinsic, genetic-based differences in the cardiomyocyte responses to strain may influence disease manifestation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David E Voyles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Rutwik Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lucas H Hofmeister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Timothy C Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Henry Wilcox
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jae Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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46
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Huang ZP, Kataoka M, Chen J, Wu G, Ding J, Nie M, Lin Z, Liu J, Hu X, Ma L, Zhou B, Wakimoto H, Zeng C, Kyselovic J, Deng ZL, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Pu WT, Wang DZ. Cardiomyocyte-enriched protein CIP protects against pathophysiological stresses and regulates cardiac homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4122-34. [PMID: 26436652 DOI: 10.1172/jci82423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a common human disorder that is characterized by contractile dysfunction and cardiac remodeling. Genetic mutations and altered expression of genes encoding many signaling molecules and contractile proteins are associated with cardiomyopathy; however, how cardiomyocytes sense pathophysiological stresses in order to then modulate cardiac remodeling remains poorly understood. Here, we have described a regulator in the heart that harmonizes the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and dilation. We determined that expression of the myocyte-enriched protein cardiac ISL1-interacting protein (CIP, also known as MLIP) is reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. As CIP is highly conserved between human and mouse, we evaluated the effects of CIP deficiency on cardiac remodeling in mice. Deletion of the CIP-encoding gene accelerated progress from hypertrophy to heart failure in several cardiomyopathy models. Conversely, transgenic and AAV-mediated CIP overexpression prevented pathologic remodeling and preserved cardiac function. CIP deficiency combined with lamin A/C deletion resulted in severe dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction in the absence of stress. Transcriptome analyses of CIP-deficient hearts revealed that the p53- and FOXO1-mediated gene networks related to homeostasis are disturbed upon pressure overload stress. Moreover, FOXO1 overexpression suppressed stress-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in CIP-deficient cardiomyocytes. Our studies identify CIP as a key regulator of cardiomyopathy that has potential as a therapeutic target to attenuate heart failure progression.
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Pressure Overload by Transverse Aortic Constriction Induces Maladaptive Hypertrophy in a Titin-Truncated Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:163564. [PMID: 26504781 PMCID: PMC4609346 DOI: 10.1155/2015/163564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the giant sarcomeric protein titin (TTN) are a major cause for inherited forms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We have previously developed a mouse model that imitates a TTN truncation mutation we found in a large pedigree with DCM. While heterozygous Ttn knock-in mice do not display signs of heart failure under sedentary conditions, they recapitulate the human phenotype when exposed to the pharmacological stressor angiotensin II or isoproterenol. In this study we investigated the effects of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in heterozygous (Het) Ttn knock-in mice. Two weeks after TAC, Het mice developed marked impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.05), while wild-type (WT) TAC mice did not. Het mice also trended toward increased ventricular end diastolic pressure and volume compared to WT littermates. We found an increase in histologically diffuse cardiac fibrosis in Het compared to WT in TAC mice. This study shows that a pattern of DCM can be induced by TAC-mediated pressure overload in a TTN-truncated mouse model. This model enlarges our arsenal of cardiac disease models, adding a valuable tool to understand cardiac pathophysiological remodeling processes and to develop therapeutic approaches to combat heart failure.
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48
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Kummeling GJM, Baas AF, Harakalova M, van der Smagt JJ, Asselbergs FW. Cardiovascular genetics: technological advancements and applicability for dilated cardiomyopathy. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:356-62. [PMID: 26031632 PMCID: PMC4497982 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, and is increasingly being integrated into clinical practice. Since 2008, both capacity and cost-efficiency of mutation screening of DNA have been increased magnificently due to the technological advancement obtained by next-generation sequencing. Hence, the discovery rate of genetic defects in cardiovascular genetics has grown rapidly and the financial threshold for gene diagnostics has been lowered, making large-scale DNA sequencing broadly accessible. In this review, the genetic variants, mutations and inheritance models are briefly introduced, after which an overview is provided of current clinical and technological applications in gene diagnostics and research for cardiovascular disease and in particular, dilated cardiomyopathy. Finally, a reflection on the future perspectives in cardiogenetics is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J M Kummeling
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room E03.511, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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49
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Cardiac myosin binding protein C regulates postnatal myocyte cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9046-51. [PMID: 26153423 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous cardiac myosin binding protein C-deficient (Mybpc(t/t)) mice develop dramatic cardiac dilation shortly after birth; heart size increases almost twofold. We have investigated the mechanism of cardiac enlargement in these hearts. Throughout embryogenesis myocytes undergo cell division while maintaining the capacity to pump blood by rapidly disassembling and reforming myofibrillar components of the sarcomere throughout cell cycle progression. Shortly after birth, myocyte cell division ceases. Cardiac MYBPC is a thick filament protein that regulates sarcomere organization and rigidity. We demonstrate that many Mybpc(t/t) myocytes undergo an additional round of cell division within 10 d postbirth compared with their wild-type counterparts, leading to increased numbers of mononuclear myocytes. Short-hairpin RNA knockdown of Mybpc3 mRNA in wild-type mice similarly extended the postnatal window of myocyte proliferation. However, adult Mybpc(t/t) myocytes are unable to fully regenerate the myocardium after injury. MYBPC has unexpected inhibitory functions during postnatal myocyte cytokinesis and cell cycle progression. We suggest that human patients with homozygous MYBPC3-null mutations develop dilated cardiomyopathy, coupled with myocyte hyperplasia (increased cell number), as observed in Mybpc(t/t) mice. Human patients, with heterozygous truncating MYBPC3 mutations, like mice with similar mutations, have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in heterozygous MYBPC3(+/-) individuals is myocyte hypertrophy (increased cell size), whereas the mechanism leading to cardiac dilation in homozygous Mybpc3(-/-) mice is primarily myocyte hyperplasia.
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Marcsa B, Dénes R, Vörös K, Rácz G, Sasvári-Székely M, Rónai Z, Törő K, Keszler G. A Common Polymorphism of the Human Cardiac Sodium Channel Alpha Subunit (SCN5A) Gene Is Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death in Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132137. [PMID: 26146998 PMCID: PMC4492622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac death remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Recent research has shed light on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac death, and several genetic variants in novel candidate genes have been identified as risk factors. However, the vast majority of studies performed so far investigated genetic associations with specific forms of cardiac death only (sudden, arrhythmogenic, ischemic etc.). The aim of the present investigation was to find a genetic marker that can be used as a general, powerful predictor of cardiac death risk. To this end, a case-control association study was performed on a heterogeneous cohort of cardiac death victims (n=360) and age-matched controls (n=300). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five candidate genes (beta2 adrenergic receptor, nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein, ryanodine receptor 2, sodium channel type V alpha subunit and transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2) that had previously been shown to associate with certain forms of cardiac death were genotyped using sequence-specific real-time PCR probes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the CC genotype of the rs11720524 polymorphism in the SCN5A gene encoding a subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel occurred more frequently in the highly heterogeneous cardiac death cohort compared to the control population (p=0.019, odds ratio: 1.351). A detailed subgroup analysis uncovered that this effect was due to an association of this variant with cardiac death in chronic ischemic heart disease (p=0.012, odds ratio = 1.455). None of the other investigated polymorphisms showed association with cardiac death in this context. In conclusion, our results shed light on the role of this non-coding polymorphism in cardiac death in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Functional studies are needed to explore the pathophysiological background of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Marcsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Dénes
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Vörös
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Rácz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Törő
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Keszler
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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