1
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Tian X, Wang S, Zhang C, Prakash YS, Vassallo R. Blocking IL-23 Signaling Mitigates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Murine Emphysema. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39221838 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory cell infiltration is a characteristic feature of COPD and correlates directly with the severity of the disease. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates Th-17 inflammation, which mediates many pathophysiological events in COPD. The primary goal of this study was to determine the role of IL-23 as a mediator of key pathologic processes in cigarette smoke-induced COPD. In this study, we report an increase in IL23 gene expression in the lung biopsies of COPD patients compared to controls and identified a positive correlation between IL23 gene expression and disease severity. In a cigarette smoke-induced murine emphysema model, the suppression of IL-23 with a monoclonal blocking antibody reduced the severity of cigarette smoke-induced murine emphysema. Mechanistically, the suppression of IL-23 was associated with a reduction in immune cell infiltration, oxidative stress injury, and apoptosis, suggesting a role for IL-23 as an essential immune mediator of the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of CS-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chujie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Fazazi MR, Doss PMIA, Pereira R, Fudge N, Regmi A, Joly-Beauparlant C, Akbar I, Yeola AP, Mailhot B, Baillargeon J, Grenier P, Bertrand N, Lacroix S, Droit A, Moore CS, Rojas OL, Rangachari M. Myelin-reactive B cells exacerbate CD4 + T cell-driven CNS autoimmunity in an IL-23-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5404. [PMID: 38926356 PMCID: PMC11208426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells and T cells collaborate in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. IgH[MOG] mice possess a B cell repertoire skewed to recognize myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Here, we show that upon immunization with the T cell-obligate autoantigen, MOG[35-55], IgH[MOG] mice develop rapid and exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) relative to wildtype (WT) counterparts, characterized by aggregation of T and B cells in the IgH[MOG] meninges and by CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the CNS. Production of the Th17 maintenance factor IL-23 is observed from IgH[MOG] CNS-infiltrating and meningeal B cells, and in vivo blockade of IL-23p19 attenuates disease severity in IgH[MOG] mice. In the CNS parenchyma and dura mater of IgH[MOG] mice, we observe an increased frequency of CD4+PD-1+CXCR5- T cells that share numerous characteristics with the recently described T peripheral helper (Tph) cell subset. Further, CNS-infiltrating B and Tph cells from IgH[MOG] mice show increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Meningeal inflammation, Tph-like cell accumulation in the CNS and B/Tph cell production of ROS were all reduced upon p19 blockade. Altogether, MOG-specific B cells promote autoimmune inflammation of the CNS parenchyma and meninges in an IL-23-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Reda Fazazi
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Prenitha Mercy Ignatius Arokia Doss
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Resel Pereira
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Neva Fudge
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Aryan Regmi
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Irshad Akbar
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Asmita Pradeep Yeola
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Mailhot
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Joanie Baillargeon
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Grenier
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, ON, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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3
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Jang JY, Oh MW, Na C, Im YB, Shim S, Moon HJ, Yoo HS. Comparative structural and immunological analysis of outer membrane proteins and dermonecrotic toxin in Bordetella bronchiseptica canine isolate. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110756. [PMID: 38657357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogen causing respiratory infections in mammals. With the improving understanding of companion animals' welfare, addressing the side effects of bordetella vaccine gains importance in dogs. Studies on diverse subunit vaccines are actively pursued in humans to safely and effectively control bordetellosis. Therefore, our objective was to develop a canine bordetella vaccine inspired by human vaccine development. We evaluated the immunogenicity of the two bacterial components: the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from a canine isolate of B. bronchiseptica. In-silico analysis identified eight domains of DNT, and Domain 3 was selected as the most promising antigen candidate. Additionally, the OMPs were extracted and examined using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The distinct immunological characteristic of OMPs and DNT-3 were examined individually and in combination. Gene expression and cytokine production were also evaluated in DH82 cells after stimulation with those antigens. Treatment with OMPs resulted in higher level of Th1 related cytokines, while DNT-3 induced a predominant response associated with Th17 and Th2 in the cytokine production. Synergistic effects were observed exclusively on IL-23, indicating increase of a potential risk of side effects when OMPs and DNT act together. These findings provide valuable insights into the reactogenicity of conventional Bordetella vaccines. Further, the presented preclinical data in this study offer an alternative method of the development for an optimal next-generation Bordetella vaccine for companion animals and humans, replacing the acellular vaccines containing both toxin and protein components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jang
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Green Cross Veterinary Products Co., Ltd, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Na
- Deartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Im
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Moon
- Department of Animal health and welfare, Semyung University, Jecheon, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Collins SL, Chan-Li Y, Shenderov K, Gillich A, Nelson AM, Loube JM, Mitzner WA, Powell JD, Horton MR. Adoptive transfer of CD49a + Tissue resident memory cells reverses pulmonary fibrosis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.584814. [PMID: 38559095 PMCID: PMC10980005 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with no effective treatments to cure, stop or reverse the unremitting, fatal fibrosis. A critical barrier to treating this disease is the lack of understanding of the pathways leading to fibrosis as well as those regulating the resolution of fibrosis. Fibrosis is the pathologic side of normal tissue repair that results when the normal wound healing programs go awry. Successful resolution of tissue injury requires several highly coordinated pathways, and this research focuses on the interplay between these overlapping pathways: immune effectors, inflammatory mediators and fibroproliferation in the resolution of fibrosis. Previously we have successfully prevented, mitigated, and even reversed established fibrosis using vaccinia vaccination immunotherapy in two models of murine lung fibrosis. The mechanism by which vaccinia reverses fibrosis is by vaccine induced lung specific Th1 skewed tissue resident memory (TRMs) in the lung. In this study, we isolated a population of vaccine induced TRMs - CD49a+ CD4+ T cells - that are both necessary and sufficient to reverse established pulmonary fibrosis. Using adoptive cellular therapy, we demonstrate that intratracheal administration of CD49a+ CD4+ TRMs into established fibrosis, reverses the fibrosis histologically, by promoting a decrease in collagen, and functionally, by improving lung function, without the need for vaccination. Furthermore, co-culture of in vitro derived CD49+ CD4+ human TRMs with human fibroblasts from individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) results in the down regulation of IPF fibroblast collagen production. Lastly, we demonstrate in human IPF lung histologic samples that CD49a+ CD4+ TRMs, which can down regulate human IPF fibroblast function, fail to increase in the IPF lungs, thus potentially failing to promote resolution. Thus, we define a novel unappreciated role for tissue resident memory T cells in regulating established lung fibrosis to promote resolution of fibrosis and re-establish lung homeostasis. We demonstrate that immunotherapy, in the form of adoptive transfer of CD49a+ CD4+ TRMs into the lungs of mice with established fibrosis, not only stops progression of the fibrosis but more importantly reverses the fibrosis. These studies provide the insight and preclinical rationale for a novel paradigm shifting approach of using cellular immunotherapy to treat lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Collins
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Kevin Shenderov
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Andrew M Nelson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health
| | - Jeffrey M Loube
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health
| | - Wayne A Mitzner
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health
| | | | - Maureen R Horton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
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5
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Sisto M, Lisi S. Interleukin-23 Involved in Fibrotic Autoimmune Diseases: New Discoveries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5699. [PMID: 37685766 PMCID: PMC10489062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 is a central pro-inflammatory cytokine with a broad range of effects on immune responses. IL-23 is pathologically linked to the induction of the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-22, which stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Recent discoveries suggest a potential pro-fibrotic role for IL-23 in the development of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases characterized by intense fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the biological features of IL-23 and gathered recent research on the role of IL-23 in fibrotic autoimmune conditions, which could provide a theoretical basis for clinical targeting and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy;
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6
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Van Acker MM, Schwartz RR, Andrews K, Seiffert-Sinha K, Sinha AA. Inheritance-Specific Dysregulation of Th1- and Th17-Associated Cytokines in Alopecia Areata. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1285. [PMID: 37759685 PMCID: PMC10527519 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases tend to cluster in families, suggesting genetic predisposition to autoimmunity associated with familial background. We have previously reported similarities in gene expression patterns and PTPN22 polymorphisms between alopecia areata (AA) patients and their healthy relatives, but not unrelated healthy controls. However, the spectrum of disease promoting (or preventing) pathways that may be activated in blood relatives of AA patients remains to be defined. Here, we investigated the extent to which cytokines associated with the Th1 and Th17 pathway are differentially expressed in the blood of patients with AA and its clinical subtypes in comparison to both healthy relatives as well as unrelated healthy controls. A comprehensive set of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. We found a significant elevation of the Th17 inducer IL-23, the Th17 product IL-17A, the Th1 hallmark cytokine IFNγ, and TNFα, a Th1 cytokine with relevance to the Th17 pathway in AA patients, regardless of disease subtype, compared to healthy individuals. On further examination, we found that healthy family members grouped together with patients in terms of elevated Th1- and Th17-pathway cytokines in an inheritance-specific manner, distinct from unrelated controls. The elevation of Th17-associated cytokines in healthy controls related to AA patients indicates that Th1 and Th17 dysregulation in AA may be genetically based. Of note, one unrelated control displayed elevated levels of IL-17A and IL-23 similar to those detected in patients. One year after initial blood draw, areas of beard hair loss consistent with the diagnosis of AA were reported by this individual, indicating that the elevation in Th17-related cytokines may have predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Animesh A. Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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7
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Letarouilly JG, Vermersch P, Flipo RM. Therapeutic consequences in patients with both inflammatory rheumatic diseases and multiple sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2352-2359. [PMID: 36440887 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dealing with patients with both multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory rheumatic disorders (IRDs) is not uncommon for a rheumatologist, as there is a statistical association between SpA and MS. As several CNS demyelinating events have been reported in patients treated with TNF inhibitor (TNFi), the pre-existing demyelinating disease was considered a contraindication for TNFi. However, this contraindication is mainly based on a randomized controlled trial in MS and not on large epidemiological studies. According to the last epidemiological studies, TNFi might not be an inducer of MS. Moreover, there are no clear recommendations on the use of the other DMARDs in patients suffering from an IRD and MS. In this review, we summarize the link between MS and IRDs and the impact of DMARDs on MS, especially TNFi. We also look at the impact of disease-modifying drugs for adults with MS and IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Vermersch
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM UMR1172 LilNCog, FHU PRECISE, Service de Neurologie, Lille, France
| | - René-Marc Flipo
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, FHU PRECISE, Service de Rhumatologie, Lille, France
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8
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Vanni A, Carnasciali A, Mazzoni A, Russo E, Farahvachi P, Gloria LD, Ramazzotti M, Lamacchia G, Capone M, Salvati L, Calosi L, Bani D, Liotta F, Cosmi L, Amedei A, Ballerini C, Maggi L, Annunziato F. Musculin does not modulate the disease course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and DSS colitis. Immunol Lett 2023; 255:21-31. [PMID: 36848960 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidences show that Musculin (Msc), a repressor member of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, is responsible in vitro for the low responsiveness of human Th17 cells to the growth factor IL-2, providing an explanation for Th17 cells rarity in inflammatory tissue. However, how and to what extent Musculin gene can regulate the immune response in vivo in an inflammatory context is still unknown. Here, exploiting two animal models of inflammatory diseases, the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, we evaluated the effect of Musculin gene knock-out on clinical course, performing also a deep immune phenotypical analysis on T cells compartment and an extended microbiota analysis in colitis-sick mice. We found that, at least during the early phase, Musculin gene has a very marginal role in modulating both the diseases. Indeed, the clinical course and the histological analysis showed no differences between wild type and Msc knock-out mice, whereas immune system appeared to give rise to a regulatory milieu in lymph nodes of EAE mice and in the spleen of DSS colitis-sick mice. Moreover, in the microbiota analysis, we found irrelevant differences between wild type and Musculin knock-out colitis-sick mice, with a similar bacterial strains' frequency and diversity after the DSS treatment. This work strengthened the idea of a negligible Msc gene involvement in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vanni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Alberto Carnasciali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Parham Farahvachi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giulia Lamacchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Manuela Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Clara Ballerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy.
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
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Lu Y, Chen X, Liu X, Shi Y, Wei Z, Feng L, Jiang Q, Ye W, Sasaki T, Fukunaga K, Ji Y, Han F, Lu YM. Endothelial TFEB signaling-mediated autophagic disturbance initiates microglial activation and cognitive dysfunction. Autophagy 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36588318 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2162244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment caused by systemic chemotherapy is a critical question that perplexes the effective implementation of clinical treatment, but related molecular events are poorly understood. Herein, we show that bortezomib exposure leads to microglia activation and cognitive impairment, this occurs along with decreased nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), which is linked to macroautophagy/autophagy disorder, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation and IL23A (interleukin 23 subunit alpha) expression. Pharmacological enhancement of TFEB nuclear translocation by digoxin restores lysosomal function and reduces STAT3-dependent endothelial IL23A secretion. As a consequence, we found that brain endothelial-specific ablation of Il23a ameliorated both microglia activation and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, the endothelial TFEB-STAT3-IL23A axis in the brain represents a critical cellular event for initiating bortezomib-mediated aberrant microglial activation and synapse engulfment. Our results suggest the reversal of TFEB nuclear translocation may provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction during clinical use of bortezomib.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; BBB: blood-brain barrier; BTZ: bortezomib; DG: digoxin; DGs: dentate gyrus; DLG4/PSD95: discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4; HBMECs: human brain microvascular endothelial cells; HP: hippocampus; IL23A: interleukin 23 subunit alpha; MBVECs: mouse brain vascular endothelial cells; mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; NORT: novel object recognition test; OLT: object location test; PLX5622: 6-fluoro-N-([5-fluoro-2-methoxypyridin-3-yl]methyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3- yl)methyl; PPP3/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3; SBEs: STAT3 binding elements; shRNA: small hairpin RNA; SLC17A7/VGLUT1: solute carrier family 17 member 7; SLC32A1/VGAT: solute carrier family 32 member 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, TFEB: transcription factor EB; Ub: ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaocong Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Reiszadeh-Jahromi S, Haddadi M, Mousavi P, Sanadgol N. Prophylactic effects of cucurbitacin B in the EAE Model of multiple sclerosis by adjustment of STAT3/IL-23/IL-17 axis and improvement of neuropsychological symptoms. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2937-2953. [PMID: 36287356 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Although remarkable progress has been made in treating MS, current therapies are less effective in protecting against the progression of the disease. Since cucurbitacins have shown an extreme range of pharmacological properties, in this study, we aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of cucurbitacin B (CuB) in the experimental MS model. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by subcutaneous immunization of MOG35-55 in C57BL/6 mice. CuB interventions (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were performed every other day from the first day of EAE induction. Assessment of clinical scores and motor function, inflammatory responses, and microglial activation were assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. CuB (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased the population of CD45+ (P < 0.01), CD11b+ (P < 0.01) and CD45+/CD11b+ (P < 0.05) cells in cortical lesions of EAE mice. In addition, activation of STAT3 (P < 0.001), expression of IL-17 A and IL-23 A (both mRNA and protein), and transcription of Iba-1 significantly decreased. On the contrary, CuB (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the transcription of MBP and Olig-2. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the severity of EAE (P < 0.05), and an improvement in motor function (P < 0.05) and coordination (P < 0.05) were observed after treatment with a high dose of CuB. Our results suggest that CuB may have a wide-ranging effect on autoimmune responses in MS via a reduction in STAT3 activation, microgliosis, and adaptation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Further studies are needed to investigate the exact effect of CuB in glial cells and its efficiency and bioavailability in other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Hong S, Niu M, Meng D, Li A, Dong Q, Zhang J, Tian X, Lu S, Wang Y. High-density lipoprotein reduces microglia activation and protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Kundu M, Raha S, Roy A, Pahan K. Regression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model by Monoclonal Antibodies against IL-12 p40 Monomer. Cells 2022; 11:259. [PMID: 35053375 PMCID: PMC8773899 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some therapies are available for regular breast cancers, there are very few options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we demonstrated that serum level of IL-12p40 monomer (p40) was much higher in breast cancer patients than healthy controls. On the other hand, levels of IL-12, IL-23 and p40 homodimer (p402) were lower in serum of breast cancer patients as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, human TNBC cells produced greater level of p40 than p402. The level of p40 was also larger than p402 in serum of a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model. Accordingly, neutralization of p40 by p40 mAb induced death of human TNBC cells and tumor shrinkage in PDX mice. While investigating the mechanism, we found that neutralization of p40 led to upregulation of human CD4+IFNγ+ and CD8+IFNγ+ T cell populations, thereby increasing the level of human IFNγ and decreasing the level of human IL-10 in PDX mice. Finally, we demonstrated the infiltration of human cytotoxic T cells, switching of tumor-associated macrophage M2 (TAM2) to TAM1 and suppression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in tumor tissues of p40 mAb-treated PDX mice. Our studies identify a possible new immunotherapy for TNBC in which p40 mAb inhibits tumor growth in PDX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (M.K.); (S.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (M.K.); (S.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (M.K.); (S.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (M.K.); (S.R.); (A.R.)
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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13
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Barac IS, Iancu M, Văcăraș V, Cozma A, Negrean V, Sâmpelean D, Mureșanu DF, Procopciuc LM. Potential Contribution of IL-27 and IL-23 Gene Polymorphisms to Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility: An Association Analysis at Genotype and Haplotype Level. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010037. [PMID: 35011777 PMCID: PMC8745323 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: interleukin 23 (IL-23) and interleukin 27 (IL-27) modulate the activity of T helper 17 cells (Th17) with critical roles in autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis (MS). The genes responsible for cytokine generation are highly influenced by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in main regions such as regulatory sequences or in promoter regions, contributing to disease susceptibility and evolution. The present study analyzed the associations of IL-23 and IL-27 SNPs with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. (2) Methods: We performed a case-control study including 252 subjects: 157 patients diagnosed with MS and 95 controls. We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to determine the genotypes for IL-27 T4730C (rs 181206), IL-27 A964G (rs 153109), and IL-23 receptor gene (IL-23R) G1142A (rs 11209026). (3) Results: The IL27-T4730C gene polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased odds of MS under the dominant genetic model (TC + CC variant genotypes, adjusted odds ratio OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.14–7.83, p-value = 0.000007, Q-value = 0.000063). Individuals carrying the IL-27 A924G variant (AG + GG) genotype presented higher odds of MS compared to non-carriers under the dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.05–3.51, p-value = 0.0324, Q-value = 0.05832) and the allelic genetic model (unadjusted p-value = 0.015, OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09–2.28), while IL-23-R381Q SNP conferred a decreased odds of MS under a codominant model of inheritance (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08–0.92, p-value = 0.0276, Q-value = 0.058) and an allelic model (unadjusted p-value = 0.008, OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07–0.75). In an additive model with adjustment for age group (≤40 years vs. >40 years), sex and smoking, patients carrying the G-C (A964G, T4730C) haplotype had a 3.18 increased risk (95% CI: 1.74–5.81, p < 0.001) to develop multiple sclerosis. (4) Conclusions: The results of the current study showed a significant relationship of IL-27-A964G and IL-27-T4730C polymorphisms with increased risk of MS, and also the protective role of the IL-23-R381Q polymorphism. Moreover, the haplotype-based analysis proposed the mutant G-C (A924G, T4730C) as a significant risk haplotype for the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana S. Barac
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.B.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (V.V.); Tel.: +40-0740-130-888 (M.I.); +40-0728-730-373 (V.V.)
| | - Vitalie Văcăraș
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.B.); (D.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (V.V.); Tel.: +40-0740-130-888 (M.I.); +40-0728-730-373 (V.V.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (V.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (V.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorel Sâmpelean
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (V.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Dafin F. Mureșanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.B.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Lucia M. Procopciuc
- Department of Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Laaker C, Hsu M, Fabry Z, Miller SD, Karpus WJ. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Mouse. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e300. [PMID: 34870897 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article details the materials and methods required for both active induction and adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL mouse strain using intact proteins or peptides from the two major myelin proteins: proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Additionally, active induction of EAE in the C57BL/6 strain using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide is also discussed. Detailed materials and methods required for the purification of both PLP and MBP are described, and a protocol for isolating CNS-infiltrating lymphocytes in EAE mice is included. Modifications of the specified protocols may be necessary for efficient induction of active or adoptive EAE in other mouse strains. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Active induction of EAE with PLP, MBP, and MOG protein or peptide Alternate Protocol: Adoptive induction of EAE with PLP-, MBP-, or MOG-specific lymphocytes Support Protocol 1: Purification of proteolipid protein Support Protocol 2: Purification of myelin basic protein Support Protocol 3: Isolation of CNS-infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Laaker
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Martin Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Kumar N, Singh A, Gulati HK, Bhagat K, Kaur K, Kaur J, Dudhal S, Duggal A, Gulati P, Singh H, Singh JV, Bedi PMS. Phytoconstituents from ten natural herbs as potent inhibitors of main protease enzyme of SARS-COV-2: In silico study. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 35403086 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of treatment of novel Coronavirus disease led to the search of specific antivirals that are capable to inhibit the replication of the virus. The plant kingdom has demonstrated to be an important source of new molecules with antiviral potential. PURPOSE The present study aims to utilize various computational tools to identify the most eligible drug candidate that have capabilities to halt the replication of SARS-COV-2 virus by inhibiting Main protease (Mpro) enzyme. METHODS We have selected plants whose extracts have inhibitory potential against previously discovered coronaviruses. Their phytoconstituents were surveyed and a library of 100 molecules was prepared. Then, computational tools such as molecular docking, ADMET and molecular dynamic simulations were utilized to screen the compounds and evaluate them against Mpro enzyme. RESULTS All the phytoconstituents showed good binding affinities towards Mpro enzyme. Among them laurolitsine possesses the highest binding affinity i.e. -294.1533 kcal/mol. On ADMET analysis of best three ligands were simulated for 1.2 ns, then the stable ligand among them was further simulated for 20 ns. Results revealed that no conformational changes were observed in the laurolitsine w.r.t. protein residues and low RMSD value suggested that the Laurolitsine-protein complex was stable for 20 ns. CONCLUSION Laurolitsine, an active constituent of roots of Lindera aggregata, was found to be having good ADMET profile and have capabilities to halt the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, this makes laurolitsine a good drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE-2, Angiotensin converting enzyme- 2
- ADMET
- ADMET, absorption, Distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
- Ala, Alanine
- Approx., approximately
- Arg, arginine
- Asn, Asparagine
- Asp, Aspartic acid
- CADD, Computer Aided Drug Design
- CHARMM, Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics
- COV, coronavirus
- COVID, Novel corona-virus disease
- Covid-19
- Cys, cysteine
- DSBDS, Dassault's Systems Biovia's Discovery studio
- Gln, Glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- Gly, Glycine
- His, histidine
- Ile, isoleucine
- K, Kelvin
- Kcal/mol, kilo calories per mol
- Leu, Leucine
- Leu, leucine
- Lys, Lysine
- MD, Molecular Dynamics
- Met, Methionine
- MoISA, Molecular Surface Area
- Molecular dynamic simulations
- Mpro protein
- Mpro, Main protease enzyme
- N protein, nucleocapsid protein
- NI, N-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl) acetamide inhibitor
- NPT, amount of substance (N), pressure (P) and temperature (T)
- NVT, amount of substance (N), volume (V) and temperature (T)
- Natural Antiviral herbs
- PDB, protein data bank
- PPB, plasma protein binding
- PSA, Polar Surface Area
- Phi, Phenylalanine
- Pro, Proline
- RCSB, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics
- RMS, Root Mean Square
- RMSD, Root Mean Square Deviation
- RMSF, root mean square fluctuations
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- SAR-COV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SDF, structure data format
- Ser, serine
- T, Temperature
- Thr, Threonine
- Trp, Tryptophan
- Tyr, Tyrosine
- Val, Valine
- kDa, kilo Dalton
- nCOV-19, Novel Coronavirus 2019
- ns/nsec, nano seconds
- ps, pentoseconds
- rGyr, Radius of gyration
- w.r.t., with respect to
- Å, angstrom
- α, alpha
- β, beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
- Drug and Pollution testing Lab, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Shilpa Dudhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Amit Duggal
- Drugs Control Wing, Sector 16, Chandigarh, India, 160015
| | - Puja Gulati
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India, 147301
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
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16
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Lack of Association between Serum Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-27 Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204788. [PMID: 34682911 PMCID: PMC8537777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of multiple autoantibodies, resulting in tissue and organ damage. Recent studies have revealed that interleukin-23 (IL-23) and interleukin-27 (IL-27) may be therapeutically relevant in selected SLE manifestations. This study aimed to identify associations between serum IL-27 and IL-23 levels and disease activity in Polish patients with different manifestations of SLE: neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE), and lupus nephritis (LN). Associations between interleukin levels and oligo-specific antibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), dose of glucocorticoids, and type of treatment were also analyzed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess anti-dsDNA antibodies and analyze the serum concentration of IL-27 and IL-23 from 72 patients aged 19-74 years with confirmed active SLE. Disease activity was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2-K). No significant correlations between interleukin levels and SLEDAI score, anti-dsDNA, corticosteroid dose, or type of treatment were noted. Patients with NPSLE and LN presented the highest median scores of SLEDAI.
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17
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Sano T, Kageyama T, Fang V, Kedmi R, Martinez CS, Talbot J, Chen A, Cabrera I, Gorshko O, Kurakake R, Yang Y, Ng C, Schwab SR, Littman DR. Redundant cytokine requirement for intestinal microbiota-induced Th17 cell differentiation in draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109608. [PMID: 34433045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of intestinal T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which contribute to mucosal barrier protection from invasive pathogens, is dependent on colonization with distinct commensal bacteria. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are sufficient to support Th17 cell differentiation in mouse, but the molecular and cellular requirements for this process remain incompletely characterized. Here, we show that intestine-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), not intestine proper, are the dominant site of SFB-induced intestinal Th17 cell differentiation. Subsequent migration of these cells to the intestinal lamina propria is dependent on their upregulation of integrin β7. Stat3-dependent induction of RORγt, the Th17 cell-specifying transcription factor, largely depends on IL-6, but signaling through the receptors for IL-21 and IL-23 can compensate for absence of IL-6 to promote SFB-directed Th17 cell differentiation. These results indicate that redundant cytokine signals guide commensal microbe-dependent Th17 cell differentiation in the MLNs and accumulation of the cells in the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Sano
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Takahiro Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victoria Fang
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ranit Kedmi
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carlos Serafin Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jhimmy Talbot
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alessandra Chen
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ivan Cabrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Oleksandra Gorshko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Charles Ng
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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18
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Targeting Immune Modulators in Glioma While Avoiding Autoimmune Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143524. [PMID: 34298735 PMCID: PMC8306848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication signals and signaling pathways are often studied in different physiological systems. However, it has become abundantly clear that the immune system is not self-regulated, but functions in close association with the nervous system. The neural-immune interface is complex; its balance determines cancer progression, as well as autoimmune disorders. Immunotherapy remains a promising approach in the context of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The primary obstacle to finding effective therapies is the potent immunosuppression induced by GBM. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, induction of regulatory T cells, and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules are the key mediators for immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint molecules are ligand-receptor pairs that exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on immune responses. In the past decade, they have been extensively studied in preclinical and clinical trials in diseases such as cancer or autoimmune diseases in which the immune system has failed to maintain homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss promising immune-modulatory targets that are in the focus of current clinical research in glioblastoma, but are also in the precarious position of potentially becoming starting points for the development of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
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19
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Lu L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Li Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Shi S, He W. Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A is essential for amplification of inflammatory cascades in ischemic brain tissue after stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107678. [PMID: 34162129 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through amplifying inflammatory cascades, IL-17A produced by γδ T cells potently attracts neutrophils to the site of injury for exacerbating ischemic tissue damage. Our goal was to identify the precise role of γδ T cell subsets in ischemic brain tissue damage of stroke. METHODS In a model of experimental stroke, we analyzed the functions of Vγ1 and Vγ4 T cells on γδ T cell-mediated ischemic brain tissue damage of stroke. RESULTS We identified that, in stroke, Vγ4 T cells are essential for γδ T cell-mediated ischemic brain tissue damage through providing an early source of IL-17A. Both CCL20 and IL-1β/IL-23 are deeply involved in Vγ4 T cell-mediated amplification of inflammatory responses: CCL20 might promote Vγ4 T cells recruit to infract hemisphere, and IL-1β/IL-23 powerfully enhance IL-17A production mediated by the infiltrating Vγ4 T cells. Moreover, Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A enhances both CCL20 and IL-1β, and conversely, CCL20 and IL-1β further enhance both recruitment and IL-17A production of IL-17A-positive cells, in a classic positive feedback loop. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that in the setting of ischemic stroke, Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A, CCL20 and IL-1β/IL-23 in infract hemisphere coordinately to amplify inflammatory cascades and exacerbate ischemic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lu
- Department of Neurology, North Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Yangping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yashu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shugui Shi
- Department of Neurology, North Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing 401121, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China.
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20
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Gezmis H, Doran T, Mayda Domac F, Yucel D, Karaci R, Kirac D. CD4+ and CD25+ T-cell response to short-time interferon-beta therapy on IL10, IL23A and FOXP3 genes in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14238. [PMID: 33884734 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Interferon-beta (IFN-β), multiple sclerosis (MS) drug for years, does not have therapeutic effects on each patient. Yet, a considerable portion has experienced no therapeutic response to IFN-β. Therefore, it is necessary to determine disease-specific biomarkers that affect drug response. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of interleukin 10 (IL10) and 23 (IL23A), as well as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) genes on MS after IFN-β therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 42 MS patients were isolated to obtain CD4+ and CD25+ T cells. Both cell types were characterised by flow cytometry. To determine optimum drug concentration of IFN-β, cytotoxicity assays were assessed on each cell type for 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Then, cells were cultured in the presence of 500 IU/mL of IFN-β. cDNA synthesis was performed after mRNA extraction. RT-PCR was performed to measure gene expressions of IL10, IL23A and FOXP3. Results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS It was found that the cytotoxic effect of IFN-β was more efficient as the exposure time was expanded regardless of drug concentration. Moreover, CD25+ T lymphocytes were more resistant to IFN-β. IL23A was down-regulated, whereas FOXP3 was up-regulated at 48 hours in CD4+ T cells. For CD25+ T cells, the graded increase in FOXP3 was obtained while IL10 expression was gradually decreased throughout the drug intake. CONCLUSION Although a considerable change in expression was obtained, the long-term IFN-β effect on both genes and cells should be determined by follow-up at least a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gezmis
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Tansu Doran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Mayda Domac
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yucel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Karaci
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Removal of CD276 + cells from haploidentical memory T-cell grafts significantly lowers the risk of GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2336-2354. [PMID: 33976380 PMCID: PMC8486669 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) still remains a major cause of death in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The recently explored depletion of naive cells from mobilized grafts (CD45RA depletion) has shown considerable promise, yet is unable to eliminate the incidence of GVHD. Analysis of CD45RA-depleted haploidentical mixed lymphocytes culture (haplo-MLC) revealed insufficient suppression of alloresponses in the CD4+ compartment and identified CD276 as a marker for alloreactive memory Th1 T cells. Conclusively, depleting CD276+ cells from CD45RA-depleted haplo-MLC significantly attenuated alloreactivity to recipient cells while increasing antiviral reactivity and maintaining anti-third party reactivity in vitro. To evaluate these findings in vivo, bulk, CD45RA-depleted, or CD45RA/CD276-depleted CD4+ T cells from HLA-DR4negative healthy humans were transplanted into NSG-Ab°DR4 mice, a sensitive human allo-GVHD model. Compellingly, CD45RA/CD276-depleted grafts from HLA-DR4negative donors or in vivo depletion of CD276+ cells after transplant of HLA-DR4negative memory CD4 T cells significantly delay the onset of GVHD symptoms and significantly alleviate its severity in NSG-Ab°DR4 mice. The clinical courses correlated with diminished Th1-cytokine secretion and downregulated CXCR6 expression of engrafted peripheral T cells. Collectively, mismatched HLA-mediated GVHD can be controlled by depleting recipient-specific CD276+ alloreacting T cells from the graft, highlighting its application in haplo-HSCT.
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22
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Honarmand K, Taheri M. A comprehensive review on the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:375-406. [PMID: 33404937 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) is thought to be caused by the abnormal induction of immune responses. Chemokines as molecules that can engage leukocytes into the location of inflammation, actively participate in the pathogenesis of MS. Several members of this family of chemo attractants have been shown to be dysregulated in the peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid or CNS lesions of MS patients. Studies in animal models of MS particularly experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have indicated the critical roles of chemokines in the pathophysiology of MS. In the current review, we summarize the data regarding the role of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL13 in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Ullrich KAM, Schulze LL, Paap EM, Müller TM, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Immunology of IL-12: An update on functional activities and implications for disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1563-1589. [PMID: 33408595 PMCID: PMC7783470 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As its first identified member, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Initial views on the role of IL-12 and clinical efforts to translate them into therapeutic approaches had to be re-interpreted following the discovery of other members of the IL-12 family, such as IL-23, sharing a subunit with IL-12. However, the importance of IL-12 with regard to immune processes in the context of infection and (auto-) inflammation is still beyond doubt. In this review, we will provide an update on functional activities of IL-12 and their implications for disease. We will begin with a summary on structure and function of the cytokine itself as well as its receptor and outline the signal transduction and the transcriptional regulation of IL-12 secretion. In the second part of the review, we will depict the involvement of IL-12 in immune-mediated diseases and relevant experimental disease models, while also providing an outlook on potential translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A.-M. Ullrich
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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24
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Ehteshamfar S, Akhbari M, Afshari JT, Seyedi M, Nikfar B, Shapouri‐Moghaddam A, Ghanbarzadeh E, Momtazi‐Borojeni AA. Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory impacts of berberine on activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13573-13588. [PMID: 33135395 PMCID: PMC7754052 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive inflammatory CD4+ T cells, such as T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subtypes, have been found to associate with the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are crucial for the immune tolerance and have a critical role in the suppression of the excessive immune and inflammatory response promoted by these Th cells. In contrast, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are immune cells that through their inflammatory functions promote autoreactive T-cell responses in autoimmune conditions. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to exploring effective immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory agents from the herbal collection of traditional medicine. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the main active ingredients extracted from medicinal herbs and has been shown to exert various biological and pharmacological effects that are suggested to be mainly attributed to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Several lines of experimental study have recently investigated the therapeutic potential of berberine for treating autoimmune conditions in animal models of human autoimmune diseases. Here, we aimed to seek mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of berberine on autoreactive inflammatory responses in autoimmune conditions. Reported data reveal that berberine can directly suppress functions and differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells, and indirectly decrease Th cell-mediated inflammation through modulating or suppressing other cells assisting autoreactive inflammation, such as Tregs, DCs and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed‐Morteza Ehteshamfar
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineBuAli Research InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Masoume Akhbari
- Department of Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Jalil Tavakol Afshari
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineBuAli Research InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research CenterPars HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Shapouri‐Moghaddam
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineBuAli Research InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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25
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Sun H, Wang J, Guo L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Quan M, Li B. The combined treatment of NAD + and atorvastatin ameliorates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 350:577429. [PMID: 33176238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and degenerating disorder of the central nervous system impacting many patients worldwide. Due to the complex pathogenesis of MS, drugs to treat MS often show partial effectiveness. Earlier experiments have demonstrated that both atorvastatin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is known as a classical model of MS, via different protective mechanisms. Since combination therapy can exhibit more beneficial effects than monotherapy, we observed the protective effects of combined treatment of atorvastatin and NAD+ in EAE mice. Our results showed that the combined treatment of these two drugs at half of their optimal dosages had synergistic effect to alleviate the severity of EAE in mice than treatment with each alone. The combined treatment of EAE mice with atorvastatin plus NAD+ relieved the clinical signs and histologic changes, increased the proportion of Treg cells, attenuated IL-17 production, reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion of Th17 cells, and increased cytokine secretion of Treg cells. In addition, the combined treatment also diminished phosphorylation of both P38 MAPK and ERK, while elevated SIRT1 expression. Taken together, these data suggested that combined treatment with NAD+ and atorvastatin could attenuate the progression of EAE by synergistic immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jueqiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Moyuan Quan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
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26
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Ifergan I, Miller SD. Potential for Targeting Myeloid Cells in Controlling CNS Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571897. [PMID: 33123148 PMCID: PMC7573146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by immune cell infiltration to the central nervous system (CNS) as well as loss of myelin. Characterization of the cells in lesions of MS patients revealed an important accumulation of myeloid cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Data from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS supports the importance of peripheral myeloid cells in the disease pathology. However, the majority of MS therapies focus on lymphocytes. As we will discuss in this review, multiple strategies are now in place to target myeloid cells in clinical trials. These strategies have emerged from data in both human and mouse studies. We discuss strategies targeting myeloid cell migration, growth factors and cytokines, biological functions (with a focus on miRNAs), and immunological activities (with a focus on nanoparticles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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27
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Pastor-Fernández G, Mariblanca IR, Navarro MN. Decoding IL-23 Signaling Cascade for New Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092044. [PMID: 32906785 PMCID: PMC7563346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. The pathological consequences of excessive IL-23 signaling have been linked to its ability to promote the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating (GM-CSF), or the tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) by target populations, mainly Th17 and IL-17-secreting TCRγδ cells (Tγδ17). Due to their pivotal role in inflammatory diseases, IL-23 and its downstream effector molecules have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets, leading to the development of neutralizing antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17 that have shown efficacy in different inflammatory diseases. Despite the success of monoclonal antibodies, there are patients that show no response or partial response to these treatments. Thus, effective therapies for inflammatory diseases may require the combination of multiple immune-modulatory drugs to prevent disease progression and to improve quality of life. Alternative strategies aimed at inhibiting intracellular signaling cascades using small molecule inhibitors or interfering peptides have not been fully exploited in the context of IL-23-mediated diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about proximal signaling events triggered by IL-23 upon binding to its membrane receptor to bring to the spotlight new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in IL-23-mediated pathologies.
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28
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Karpus WJ. Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:316-326. [PMID: 31907274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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29
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Poholek CH, Raphael I, Wu D, Revu S, Rittenhouse N, Uche UU, Majumder S, Kane LP, Poholek AC, McGeachy MJ. Noncanonical STAT3 activity sustains pathogenic Th17 proliferation and cytokine response to antigen. J Exp Med 2020; 217:151964. [PMID: 32697822 PMCID: PMC7537401 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT3 signaling pathway is required for early Th17 cell development, and therapies targeting this pathway are used for autoimmune disease. However, the role of STAT3 in maintaining inflammatory effector Th17 cell function has been unexplored. Th17ΔSTAT3 mice, which delete STAT3 in effector Th17 cells, were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. Th17 cell numbers declined after STAT3 deletion, corresponding to reduced cell cycle. Th17ΔSTAT3 cells had increased IL-6-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1, known to have antiproliferative functions. Th17ΔSTAT3 cells also had reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which can regulate intracellular Ca2+. Accordingly, Th17ΔSTAT3 cells had reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated with myelin antigen but normal production of cytokines when TCR-induced Ca2+ flux was bypassed with ionomycin. Thus, early transcriptional roles of STAT3 in developing Th17 cells are later complimented by noncanonical STAT3 functions that sustain pathogenic Th17 cell proliferation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Poholek
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Dongwen Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Uzodinma U. Uche
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Mandy J. McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA,Correspondence to Mandy J. McGeachy:
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30
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Wagner CA, Roqué PJ, Goverman JM. Pathogenic T cell cytokines in multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190460. [PMID: 31611252 PMCID: PMC7037255 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is believed to have an autoimmune etiology. As MS is the most common nontraumatic disease that causes disability in young adults, extensive research has been devoted to identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding derived from studies of patients with MS and animal models of how specific cytokines produced by autoreactive CD4 T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Defining the roles of these cytokines will lead to a better understanding of the potential of cytokine-based therapies for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J Roqué
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joan M Goverman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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31
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Lee KMC, Zhang Z, Achuthan A, Fleetwood AJ, Smith JE, Hamilton JA, Cook AD. IL-23 in arthritic and inflammatory pain development in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:123. [PMID: 32471485 PMCID: PMC7345543 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytokine, interleukin-23 (IL-23), can be critical for the progression of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, and is often associated with T lymphocyte biology. We previously showed that certain lymphocyte-independent, inflammatory arthritis and pain models have a similar requirement for tumour necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and C-C motif ligand 17 (CCL17). Given this correlation in cytokine requirements, we explored whether IL-23 might interact with this cytokine cluster in the control of arthritic and inflammatory pain. Methods The role of IL-23 in the development of pain-like behaviour was investigated using mouse arthritis models (zymosan-induced arthritis and GM-CSF-, TNF-, and CCL17-driven monoarticular arthritis) and inflammatory pain models (intraplantar zymosan, GM-CSF, TNF, and CCL17). Additionally, IL-23-induced inflammatory pain was measured in GM-CSF−/−, Tnf−/−, and Ccl17E/E mice and in the presence of indomethacin. Pain-like behaviour and arthritis were assessed by relative weight distribution in hindlimbs and histology, respectively. Cytokine mRNA expression in knees and paw skin was analysed by quantitative PCR. Blood and synovial cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry. Results We report, using Il23p19−/− mice, that innate immune (zymosan)-driven arthritic pain-like behaviour (herein referred to as pain) was completely dependent upon IL-23; optimal arthritic disease development required IL-23 (P < 0.05). Zymosan-induced inflammatory pain was also completely dependent on IL-23. In addition, we found that exogenous TNF-, GM-CSF-, and CCL17-driven arthritic pain, as well as inflammatory pain driven by each of these cytokines, were absent in Il23p19−/− mice; optimal disease in these mBSA-primed models was dependent on IL-23 (P < 0.05). Supporting this cytokine connection, it was found conversely that IL-23 (200 ng) can induce inflammatory pain at 4 h (P < 0.0001) with a requirement for each of the other cytokines as well as cyclooxygenase activity. Conclusions These findings indicate a role for IL-23 in innate immune-mediated arthritic and inflammatory pain with potential links to TNF, GM-CSF, CCL17, and eicosanoid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Julia E Smith
- Adaptive Immunity, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cook
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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32
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Hou G, Bishu S. Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update for the Clinician. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:653-661. [PMID: 31970388 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans strongly implicate Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, Th17 cells are major targets of approved and emerging biologics. Herein, we review the role of Th17 in IBD with a clinical focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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Zhao L, Yu G, Han Q, Cui C, Zhang B. TIM-3: An emerging target in the liver diseases. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12825. [PMID: 31486085 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is found expression in the surface of terminally differentiated T cells and belongs to the TIM family of type Ⅰ transmembrane proteins. It binds to the ligand Galectin-9 and mediates T cell apoptosis. As the research progresses, TIM-3 is also expressed in Th17, NK, monocyte, which binds to ligand and induce immune peripheral tolerance in both mice and man. Numerous researches have demonstrated that TIM-3 influences liver diseases, including liver-associated chronic viral infection, liver fibrosis, liver cancer et al and suggest new approaches to intervention. Currently, targeted therapy of TIM-3 is a new treatment in the field of immunization. Although many studies have proven that TIM-3 has an inhibitory effect in vivo, the specific mechanism is not clear. Herein, we summarize the important role of TIM-3 in the regulation of liver disease and prospects for future clinical research. TIM-3 will provide new targets for improving clinical liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoyi Yu
- Editorial Office of Journal of Qingdao University (Medical Science), Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Congxian Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Digby-Bell JL, Atreya R, Monteleone G, Powell N. Interrogating host immunity to predict treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:9-20. [PMID: 31767987 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IBD treatment is undergoing a transformation with an expanding repertoire of drugs targeting different aspects of the immune response. Three novel classes of drugs have emerged in the past decade that target leukocyte trafficking to the gut (vedolizumab), neutralize key cytokines with antibodies (ustekinumab) and inhibit cytokine signalling pathways (tofacitinib). In advanced development are other drugs for IBD, including therapies targeting other cytokines such as IL-23 and IL-6. However, all agents tested so far are hampered by primary and secondary loss of response, so it is desirable to develop personalized strategies to identify which patients should be treated with which drugs. Stratification of patients with IBD by clinical parameters alone lacks sensitivity, and alternative modalities are now needed to deliver precision medicine in IBD. High-resolution profiling of immune response networks in individual patients is a promising approach and different technical platforms, including in vivo real-time molecular endoscopy, tissue transcriptomics and germline genetics, are promising tools to help predict responses to specific therapies. However, important challenges remain regarding the clinical utility of these technologies, including their scalability and accessibility. This Review focuses on unravelling some of the complexity of mucosal immune responses in IBD pathogenesis and how current and emerging analytical platforms might be harnessed to effectively stratify and individualise IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Nick Powell
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Azarpira N, Geramizadeh B, Darbouy M, Malek-Hosseini SA. Association between Interleukin-21, 23 and 27 Expression and Protein Level with Cytomegalovirus Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2020; 11:27-34. [PMID: 33324475 PMCID: PMC7724771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines have regulatory crosstalk with CMV infection leading to manage of post-liver transplantation virus-related outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the link between IL-21, IL-23 and IL-27 mRNA and protein level with active CMV infection, which was evaluated in reactivated and non-reactivated liver transplant recipients. METHODS Two groups of liver transplant recipients were enrolled in this study-54 without and 15 with active CMV infection. 3 EDTA-treated blood samples were taken on day 1, 4, and 7 post-liver transplantation. Plasma and buffy coats of all samples were separated. All samples were analyzed for CMV reactivation using antigenemia technique. The separated plasma of positive samples was used for viral DNA extraction and protein evaluation. For evaluating the mRNA expression level by real-time PCR, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were done for all samples. Also, the protein level of studied genes was estimated by ELISA. RESULTS The expression level of IL-21, IL-23A and IL-27A cytokine genes was increased in CMV reactivated liver transplant recipients in comparison with CMV non-reactivated ones; IL-27A expression pattern was significant (p=0.001) at all sampling times. IL-21 significantly increased on the 2nd and 3rd (p=0.028 and 0.01, respectively) sampling days in CMV reactivated compared with non-reactivated patients. The expression level of IL-23A cytokine significantly increased on the 3rd (p=0.017) sampling day in CMV reactivated compared with non-reactivated liver transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Elevation in the expression level of IL-21, IL-23A and IL-27A mRNA and protein level in CMV reactivated patients emphasized on the antiviral role of these cytokines in CMV reactivated liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Afshari
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Nephro-urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - R Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M H Karimi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - B Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Darbouy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - S A Malek-Hosseini
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yang MG, Sun L, Han J, Zheng C, Liang H, Zhu J, Jin T. Biological characteristics of transcription factor RelB in different immune cell types: implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Mol Brain 2019; 12:115. [PMID: 31881915 PMCID: PMC6935142 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor RelB is a member of the nuclear factror-kappa B (NF-κB) family, which plays a crucial role in mediating immune responses. Plenty of studies have demonstrated that RelB actively contributes to lymphoid organ development, dendritic cells maturation and function and T cells differentiation, as well as B cell development and survival. RelB deficiency may cause a variety of immunological disorders in both mice and humans. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which involves a board of immune cell populations. Thereby, RelB may exert an impact on MS by modulating the functions of dendritic cells and the differentiation of T cells and B cells. Despite intensive research, the role of RelB in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, is still unclear. Herein, we give an overview of the biological characters of RelB, summarize the updated knowledge regarding the role of RelB in different cell types that contribute to MS pathogenesis and discuss the potential RelB-targeted therapeutic implications for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ge Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Present address: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hudong Liang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Role of Co-stimulatory Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:153-177. [PMID: 31758534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response to a variety of pathogens but also regulate autoimmune responses, asthma, allergic responses, as well as tumor immunity. To cover this broad spectrum of responses, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and TFH, as defined by their cytokine pattern and function. The fate decision of T helper cell differentiation integrates signals delivered through the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors, and the pattern of co-stimulatory signals received. In this review, we summarize the contribution of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors to the differentiation and maintenance of T helper cell responses.
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Dusi S, Angiari S, Pietronigro EC, Lopez N, Angelini G, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Tosadori G, Paris F, Amoruso A, Carlucci T, Constantin G, Rossi B. LFA-1 Controls Th1 and Th17 Motility Behavior in the Inflamed Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2436. [PMID: 31681316 PMCID: PMC6813462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is a key event during autoimmune and inflammatory responses. The subarachnoid space (SAS) and cerebrospinal fluid are major routes for the migration of encephalitogenic T cells into the central nervous system (CNS) during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, and are sites of T cell activation before the invasion of CNS parenchyma. In particular, autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking and reactivation in the CNS are required for the pathogenesis of EAE. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell dynamics during EAE are unclear. We used two-photon laser microscopy to show that autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells display distinct motility behavior within the SAS in the spinal cords of mice immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide MOG35−55. Th1 cells showed a strong directional bias at the disease peak, moving in a straight line and covering long distances, whereas Th17 cells exhibited more constrained motility. The dynamics of both Th1 and Th17 cells were strongly affected by blocking the integrin LFA-1, which interfered with the deformability and biomechanics of Th1 but not Th17 cells. The intrathecal injection of a blocking anti-LFA-1 antibody at the onset of disease significantly inhibited EAE progression and also strongly reduced neuro-inflammation in the immunized mice. Our results show that LFA-1 plays a pivotal role in T cell motility during EAE and suggest that interfering with the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell motility can help to reduce the pathogenic potential of autoreactive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosadori
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Paris
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Amoruso
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Carlucci
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Reyes NJ, Yu C, Mathew R, Kunnen CM, Kalnitsky J, Redfern RL, Leonardi A, Perez VL, MacLeod AS, Gupta PK, Saban DR. Neutrophils cause obstruction of eyelid sebaceous glands in inflammatory eye disease in mice. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/451/eaas9164. [PMID: 30045980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aas9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meibomian glands (MGs) are sebaceous glands of the eyelid margin that secrete lipids needed to avert tear evaporation and to help maintain ocular surface homeostasis. Obstruction of MGs or other forms of MG dysfunction can promote chronic diseases of the ocular surface. Although chronic eyelid inflammation, such as allergic eye disease, is an associated risk factor for obstructive MG dysfunction, it is not clear whether inflammatory processes contribute to the pathophysiology of MG obstruction. We show that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) promoted MG obstruction in a chronic inflammatory model of allergic eye disease in mice. Analysis of leukocytes in tears of patients with MG dysfunction showed an increase in PMN numbers compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, PMN numbers in tears positively correlated with clinical severity of MG dysfunction. Our findings point to a role for PMNs in the pathogenesis and progression of MG dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Reyes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolina M Kunnen
- College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel L Redfern
- College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Preeya K Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Gao J, Kong R, Zhou X, Ji L, Zhang J, Zhao D. MiRNA-126 expression inhibits IL-23R mediated TNF-α or IFN-γ production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in a mice model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Apoptosis 2019; 23:607-615. [PMID: 30167920 PMCID: PMC6208910 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both miR-126 and IL-23R affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA) procession. This study aimed to investigate the association of miR-126 and IL-23R and the possible modulation of miR-126 to RA pathogenesis. Serum, synovial tissue and synovial fluid were collected from patients with RA, and expression of miR-126, IL-23R, TNF-α and IFN-γ were detected. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was established using a collagen-induced arthritis mice model. The expression of miR-126 was manual intervened using pro-miR-126 and anti-miR-126 encoding lentivirus plasmids, or miR-126 agonists and corresponding negative controls. MiR-126 expression was inhibited in RA patients when compared with controls (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IFN-γ production and IL-23R expression were significantly upregulated in RA patients when compared to controls (P < 0.05). In pro-miR-126 treated FLS cells, the administration of pro-miR-126 plasmids upregulated miR-126, but inhibited IL-23R, TNF-α and IFN-γ expression or production. Moreover, the miR-126 agonist reversed the effects of the anti-miR-126 plasmid on FLS. These results revealed that miR-126 negative regulated the expression of IL-23R, TNF-α and IFN-γ. These results suggest the key impact of miR-126 on RA procession. Moreover, pro-miR-126 might be explored to be a potential therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ruina Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Lianmei Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongbao Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Wang J, Zhao P, Gao Y, Zhang F, Yuan X, Jiao Y, Gong K. The Effects of Anti-IL-23p19 Therapy on Atherosclerosis Development in ApoE -/- Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:564-571. [PMID: 31264927 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to detect the dynamic expression of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in ApoE-/- mice at different ages and to further examine the effects of anti-IL-23 therapy on atherosclerosis development. The levels of IL-23 in the sera, aortas, and lymph nodes of ApoE-/- mice were significantly increased compared with those of age-matched controls at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age. Then, 12-week-old ApoE-/- mice were intraperitoneally injected with anti-IL-23p19 neutralizing antibodies, isotype controls, and phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks. The proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in atherosclerotic aortas, plaque areas, plaque necrotic cores, and the contents of major inflammatory cells in plaques were subsequently determined. The results showed that anti-IL-23p19 treatment significantly decreased the expression of IL-17A, IL-6, and TNF-α in the aortas of ApoE-/- mice, but had no obvious effect on the plaque area, plaque necrotic core, or content of major inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Although anti-IL-23p19 therapy reduces the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, it does not significantly suppress the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yungen Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaizheng Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Bianchi E, Rogge L. The IL-23/IL-17 pathway in human chronic inflammatory diseases – new insight from genetics and targeted therapies. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:246-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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The IL-23/IL-17 pathway in human chronic inflammatory diseases-new insight from genetics and targeted therapies. Genes Immun 2019; 20:415-425. [PMID: 31000797 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, spondyloarthritis, and psoriasis cause significant morbidity and are a considerable burden for the patients in terms of pain, impaired function, and diminished quality of life, as well as for society, because of the associated high health-care costs and loss of productivity. Our limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases currently hinders early diagnosis and the development of more specific and effective therapies. The past years have been marked by considerable progress in our insight of the genetic basis of many diseases. In particular, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed with thousands of patients have provided detailed information about the genetic variants associated with a large number of chronic inflammatory diseases. These studies have brought to the forefront many genes linked to signaling pathways that were not previously known to be involved in pathogenesis, pointing to new directions in the study of disease mechanisms. GWAS also provided fundamental evidence for a key role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of these diseases, because many of the identified loci map to genes involved in different immune processes. However, the mechanisms by which disease-associated genetic variants act on disease development and the targeted cell populations remain poorly understood. The challenge of the post-GWAS era is to understand how these variants affect pathogenesis, to allow translation of genetic data into better diagnostics and innovative treatment strategies. Here, we review recent results that document the importance of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway for the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases and summarize data that demonstrate how therapeutic targeting of this pathway can benefit affected patients.
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Gharesouran J, Taheri M, Sayad A, Mazdeh M, Omrani MD. Integrative analysis of OIP5-AS1/HUR1 to discover new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17351-17360. [PMID: 30815864 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated with demyelination and axonal injury. This study was designed to find potential lncRNAs and their targets that are associated with the molecular basis of MS pathogenesis. In this study, peripheral blood samples were obtained from 50 relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients and 50 healthy controls. lncRNAs and their target were selected for validation using TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Interactions were studied based on approaches that used to investigation biological functions and signaling pathways affected by differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The results of this study indicate an increase in the expression of HUR1 (p = 0.0001), CPSF7 (p = 0.02), and reduction of CSTF2 expression (p = 0.04). Also, an increase in the expression of OIP5-AS1 (p = 0.01) was observed in men less than 30 years old. We performed a comparative analysis of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and then we ranked them as candidate biomarkers according to a decreasing area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and plotted the results. Dysregulation of lncRNA expression has been linked to diseases. Further studies on the HUR1 gene can be used as diagnostic tools for the identification of high-risk individuals in families with a history of disease before, during, and even after treatment. Our data uncovered the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in MS patients, which will help delineate the molecular mechanisms in MS pathogenesis. However, further studies need to determine the precise role of these genes in the pathological process in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Sungnak W, Wang C, Kuchroo VK. Multilayer regulation of CD4 T cell subset differentiation in the era of single cell genomics. Adv Immunol 2019; 141:1-31. [PMID: 30904130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are major immune cell types that mediate effector responses appropriate for diverse incoming threats. These cells have been categorized into different subsets based on how they are induced, expression of specific master transcription factors, and the resulting effector cell phenotypes as defined by expression of signature cytokines. However, recent studies assessing the expression of gene modules in single CD4 T cells, rather than expression of one or a few signature genes, have provided a more complex picture in which the canonical model does not fit as cleanly as proposed. Here, we review the concepts of lineage commitment, plasticity and functional heterogeneity in the context of this greater complexity. We then apply our current understanding of CD4 T cell subsets to discuss outstanding questions regarding follicular helper T cells and follicular regulatory T cells with respect to their shared features with other known CD4 T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waradon Sungnak
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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46
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Gao ZF, Ji XL, Gu J, Wang XY, Ding L, Zhang H. microRNA-107 protects against inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress of vascular endothelial cells via KRT1-dependent Notch signaling pathway in a mouse model of coronary atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12029-12041. [PMID: 30548623 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a long-term, sustained, and evolving inflammatory disease manifested with the remodeling of the coronary arteries. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential role of microRNA-107 (miR-107) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in coronary atherosclerosis by regulating the KRT1 gene and the Notch signaling pathway. A mouse model of coronary atherosclerosis was established. The relationship between miR-107 and KRT1 was analyzed and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The functional role of miR-107 in coronary atherosclerosis was determined using ectopic expression and depletion. Blood lipid levels and atherosclerotic index (AI) were measured in atherosclerotic mice. Expression pattern of miR-107, KRT1, Notch signaling pathway, inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes was evaluated by means of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, cell-cycle distribution and cell apoptosis in VECs were assessed by flow cytometry. Atherosclerotic mice exhibited higher blood lipid levels, AI, apoptotic index, and KRT1-positive expression as well as inhibited Notch signaling pathway when compared with normal mice. The miR-107 was revealed to bind to KRT1; miR-107 upregulation or KRT1 silencing resulted in reductions in blood lipid levels and AI, inhibition in cell apoptosis, inflammation, and ER stress. Restored miR-107 or downregulated KRT1 activated the Notch signaling pathway. These results supported the notion that miR-107-targeted KRT1 inhibition activated the Notch pathway, thereby, protecting against the coronary atherosclerosis. Findings in this study might provide a novel biomarker for the coronary atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
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47
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Nardini C, Moreau JF, Gensous N, Ravaioli F, Garagnani P, Bacalini MG. The epigenetics of inflammaging: The contribution of age-related heterochromatin loss and locus-specific remodelling and the modulation by environmental stimuli. Semin Immunol 2018; 40:49-60. [PMID: 30396810 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidences indicates that inflammaging - the chronic, low grade inflammation state characteristic of the elderly - is the result of genetic as well as environmental or stochastic factors. Some of these, such as the accumulation of senescent cells that are persistent during aging or accompany its progression, seem to be sufficient to initiate the aging process and to fuel it. Others, like exposure to environmental compounds or infections, are temporary and resolve within a (relatively) short time. In both cases, however, a cellular memory of the event can be established by means of epigenetic modulation of the genome. In this review we will specifically discuss the relationship between epigenetics and inflammaging. In particular, we will show how age-associated epigenetic modifications concerned with heterochromatin loss and gene-specific remodelling, can promote inflammaging. Furthermore, we will recall how the exposure to specific nutritional, environmental and microbial stimuli can affect the rate of inflammaging through epigenetic mechanisms, touching also on the recent insight given by the concept of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; CNR IAC "Mauro Picone", Roma, Italy; Personal Genomics S.r.l., Verona, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Moreau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR5164, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Noémie Gensous
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
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48
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Arcoleo F, Lo Pizzo M, Misiano G, Milano S, Romano GC, Muggeo V, Cillari E. The complex alteration in the network of IL-17-type cytokines in patients with hereditary angioedema. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:355-361. [PMID: 29623491 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomic-dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor which causes episodic swellings of subcutaneous tissues, bowel walls and upper airways that are disabling and potentially life-threatening. We evaluated n = 17 patients with confirmed HAE diagnosis during attack and remission state and n = 19 healthy subjects. The samples were tested for a panel of IL (Interleukin)-17-type cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) subtypes. Data indicate that there are variations of cytokine levels in HAE subjects comparing the condition during the crisis respect to the value in the remission phase, in particular type 17 signature cytokines are increased, whereas IL-23 is unmodified and TGF-β3 is significantly reduced. When comparing healthy and HAE subjects in the remission state, we found a significant difference for IL-17, GM-CSF, IL-21, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 cytokines. These results confirm and extend our previous findings indicating that in HAE there is operating an inflammatory activation process, which involves also T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines and TGF-β isoforms, associated with localized angioedema attacks and characterized by elevated bradykinin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arcoleo
- Patologia Clinica Presidio Ospedaliero V. Cervello, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Lo Pizzo
- Patologia Clinica Presidio Ospedaliero V. Cervello, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misiano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Milano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Colonna Romano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Muggeo
- Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Cillari
- Dipartimento Immunologia Allergologia, Istituto Medico Europeo (ISME), Palermo, Italy
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49
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van Tok MN, Na S, Lao CR, Alvi M, Pots D, van de Sande MGH, Taurog JD, Sedgwick JD, Baeten DL, van Duivenvoorde LM. The Initiation, but Not the Persistence, of Experimental Spondyloarthritis Is Dependent on Interleukin-23 Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1550. [PMID: 30038617 PMCID: PMC6046377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17A is a central driver of spondyloarthritis (SpA), its production was originally proposed to be IL-23 dependent. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests, however, that IL-17A and IL-23 have a partially overlapping but distinct biology. We aimed to assess the extent to which IL-17A-driven pathology is IL-23 dependent in experimental SpA. Experimental SpA was induced in HLA-B27/Huβ2m transgenic rats, followed by prophylactic or therapeutic treatment with an anti-IL23R antibody or vehicle control. Spondylitis and arthritis were scored clinically and hind limb swelling was measured. Draining lymph node cytokine expression levels were analyzed directly ex vivo, and IL-17A protein was measured upon restimulation with PMA/ionomycin. Prophylactic treatment with anti-IL23R completely protected against the development of both spondylitis and arthritis, while vehicle-treated controls did develop spondylitis and arthritis. In a therapeutic study, anti-IL23R treatment failed to reduce the incidence or decrease the severity of experimental SpA. Mechanistically, expression of downstream effector cytokines, including IL-17A and IL-22, was significantly suppressed in anti-IL23R versus vehicle-treated rats in the prophylactic experiments. Accordingly, the production of IL-17A upon restimulation was reduced. In contrast, there was no difference in IL-17A and IL-22 expression after therapeutic anti-IL23R treatment. Targeting the IL-23 axis during the initiation phase of experimental SpA-but not in established disease-inhibits IL-17A expression and suppresses disease, suggesting the existence of IL-23-independent IL-17A production. Whether IL-17A can be produced independent of IL-23 in human SpA remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N van Tok
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Songqing Na
- Eli Lilly and Co, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Marina Alvi
- Eli Lilly and Co, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Desirée Pots
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marleen G H van de Sande
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joel D Taurog
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jonathon D Sedgwick
- Eli Lilly and Co, San Diego, CA, United States.,Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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50
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Thompson A, Orr SJ. Emerging IL-12 family cytokines in the fight against fungal infections. Cytokine 2018; 111:398-407. [PMID: 29793796 PMCID: PMC6299256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity. IL-27 promotes regulatory effector responses during fungal infections. IL-35 drives T cell differentiation to produce anti-inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence for IL-12 family cytokines in maintaining anti-fungal immune homeostasis.
Invasive fungal infections cause approximately 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide and are a growing threat to human health. Current anti-fungal therapies are often insufficient, therefore studies into host-pathogen interactions are critical for the development of novel therapies to improve mortality rates. Myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, express pattern recognition receptor (PRRs), which are important for fungal recognition. Engagement of these PRRs by fungal pathogens induces multiple cytokines, which in turn activate T effector responses. Interleukin (IL)-12 family members (IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35) link innate immunity with the development of adaptive immunity and are also important for regulating T cell responses. IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity, whereas emerging roles for IL-27 and IL-35 have recently been reported. Here, we discuss the IL-12 family, focusing on IL-27 and IL-35 during anti-fungal immune responses to pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom.
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