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Arai J, Hayakawa Y, Tateno H, Murakami K, Hayashi T, Hata M, Matsushita Y, Kinoshita H, Abe S, Kurokawa K, Oya Y, Tsuboi M, Ihara S, Niikura R, Suzuki N, Iwata Y, Shiokawa T, Shiomi C, Uekura C, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara H, Kawamura S, Nakagawa H, Mizuno S, Kudo T, Takahashi S, Ushiku T, Hirata Y, Fujii C, Nakayama J, Shibata S, Woods S, Worthley DL, Hatakeyama M, Wang TC, Fujishiro M. Impaired Glycosylation of Gastric Mucins Drives Gastric Tumorigenesis and Serves as a Novel Therapeutic Target. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00363-9. [PMID: 38583723 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric cancer is often accompanied by a loss of mucin 6 (MUC6), but its pathogenic role in gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Muc6 knockout (Muc6-/-) mice and Muc6-dsRED mice were newly generated. Tff1Cre, Golph3-/-, R26-Golgi-mCherry, Hes1flox/flox, Cosmcflox/flox, and A4gnt-/- mice were also used. Histology, DNA and RNA, proteins, and sugar chains were analyzed by whole-exon DNA sequence, RNA sequence, immunohistochemistry, lectin-binding assays, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Gastric organoids and cell lines were used for in vitro assays and xenograft experiments. RESULTS Deletion of Muc6 in mice spontaneously causes pan-gastritis and invasive gastric cancers. Muc6-deficient tumor growth was dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, mediated by Golgi stress-induced up-regulation of Golgi phosphoprotein 3. Glycomic profiling revealed aberrant expression of mannose-rich N-linked glycans in gastric tumors, detected with banana lectin in association with lack of MUC6 expression. We identified a precursor of clusterin as a binding partner of mannose glycans. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, Golgi stress responses, and aberrant mannose expression are found in separate Cosmc- and A4gnt-deficient mouse models that lack normal O-glycosylation. Banana lectin-drug conjugates proved an effective treatment for mannose-rich murine and human gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS We propose that Golgi stress responses and aberrant glycans are important drivers of and promising new therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Keita Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Hayashi
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Oya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayo Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sozaburo Ihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Shiokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shiomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Uekura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Mie, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Mie, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Susan Woods
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Dalisay DS, Tenebro CP, Sabido EM, Suarez AFL, Paderog MJV, Reyes-Salarda R, Saludes JP. Marine-Derived Anticancer Agents Targeting Apoptotic Pathways: Exploring the Depths for Novel Cancer Therapies. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:114. [PMID: 38535455 PMCID: PMC10972102 DOI: 10.3390/md22030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the isolation and study of bioactive compounds derived from marine sources. Several natural products have demonstrated potential as inducers of apoptosis and are currently under investigation in clinical trials. These marine-derived compounds selectively interact with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways using a variety of molecular mechanisms, resulting in cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic blebs, apoptotic bodies, and phagocytosis by adjacent parenchymal cells, neoplastic cells, or macrophages. Numerous marine-derived compounds are currently undergoing rigorous examination for their potential application in cancer therapy. This review examines a total of 21 marine-derived compounds, along with their synthetic derivatives, sourced from marine organisms such as sponges, corals, tunicates, mollusks, ascidians, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria. These compounds are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate their potential as apoptosis inducers for the treatment of different types of cancer. This review further examined the compound's properties and mode of action, preclinical investigations, clinical trial studies on single or combination therapy, and the prospective development of marine-derived anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doralyn S. Dalisay
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
- Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD), Taguig 1631, Philippines;
| | - Chuckcris P. Tenebro
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
| | - Edna M. Sabido
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
| | - Angelica Faith L. Suarez
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
| | - Melissa June V. Paderog
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
| | - Rikka Reyes-Salarda
- Department of Biology, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
| | - Jonel P. Saludes
- Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD), Taguig 1631, Philippines;
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
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3
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Zhao C, Mu M, Li X, Dong Z, Wang J, Yao C, Zheng J, Sun X, Yu J. USP50 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in duodenogastric reflux-induced gastric tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326137. [PMID: 38469295 PMCID: PMC10925683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) has been linked to the onset of gastric cancer (GC), although the precise mechanism is yet obscure. Herein, we aimed to investigate how refluxed bile acids (BAs) and macrophages are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. In both active human bile reflux gastritis and the murine DGR model, ubiquitin specific protease 50 (USP50) was dramatically raised, and macrophages were the principal leukocyte subset that upregulated USP50 expression. Enhancing USP50 expression amplified bile acid-induced NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and subsequent high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) release, while USP50 deficiency resulted in the reversed alteration. Mechanistically, USP50 interacted with and deubiquitinated apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. The release of HMGB1 contributes to gastric tumorigenesis by PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. These results may provide new insights into bile reflux-related gastric carcinogenesis and options for the prevention of DGR-associated GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Goso Y, Kurihara M. MALDI-TOF MS/MS Analysis of Permethylated O-Glycan Alditols Released from Mucins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:201-208. [PMID: 38347412 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mucin glycans are associated with the function of mucin in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Therefore, the glycomic analysis of mucins is crucial. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the most suitable methods for the glycomic analysis of mucin O-glycans. In this chapter, we describe methods for analyzing permethylated O-glycan alditols released from mucins by MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-TOF tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
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5
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Goso Y, Kurihara M. Preparation of O-Glycans from Mucins Using Hydrazine Treatment. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:139-150. [PMID: 38347407 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mucin glycomic analysis is crucial owing to the participation of mucin O-glycans in several biological functions. Liquid chromatographic analysis of fluorescently labeled glycans is an effective tool for glycomic analysis. The first step of this analysis involves the release of O-glycans from mucins. As no enzyme is known to release all glycans, chemical methods are required for the process; therefore, hydrazine treatment is a commonly used chemical method. It enables the release of O-glycans from mucin while preserving the aldehyde group at the reducing end. This ensures that the reducing end can be modified using fluorescent reagents. However, it is also accompanied by the degradation of the glycans through a process called "peeling." Here, we describe a method for releasing glycans from mucins using hydrazine treatment with minimal "peeling."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
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6
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Yamanoi K, Fujii C, Nakayama A, Matsuura N, Takatori Y, Kato M, Yahagi N, Nakayama J. Decreased expression of TFF2 and decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation are malignant biomarkers of pyloric gland adenoma of the duodenum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21641. [PMID: 38062108 PMCID: PMC10703765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) is a duodenal neoplasm expressing MUC6 and is often associated with high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. MUC6 secreted from the pyloric gland cells carries unique O-glycans exhibiting terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). The small peptide trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is also secreted from pyloric gland cells and binds to αGlcNAc. We recently demonstrated that αGlcNAc serves as a tumor suppressor for gastric neoplasm including PGA, but the significance of TFF2 expression remains unknown. We examined 20 lesions representing low- and high-grade PGA in 22 cases by immunohistochemistry for αGlcNAc, TFF2, MUC6, MUC5AC, MUC2 and p53. αGlcNAc, TFF2 and MUC6 were co-expressed on the cell surface and a dot-like pattern in the cytosol in low-grade PGA lesions. High-grade PGA also expressed MUC6, but reduced αGlcNAc and TFF2 expression. The ratios of αGlcNAc or TFF2 to MUC6 score in high-grade PGA were significantly lower than low-grade PGA (P < 0.001). Co-expression of αGlcNAc-glycosylated MUC6 and TFF2 in PGA suggests the existence of αGlcNAc/TFF2 form complex in PGA cells, a finding consistent with our observations in non-neoplastic Brunner's gland cells. The decreased αGlcNAc and TFF2 expression are associated with high grade atypical cells, indicative of the malignant potential of PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsuura
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takatori
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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7
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Kuang Y, Yang K, Meng L, Mao Y, Xu F, Liu H. Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related biomarkers and the related pathogenesis in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16074. [PMID: 37752199 PMCID: PMC10522668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using advanced bioinformatics techniques, we conducted an analysis of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC). We also investigated their connection to immune cell infiltration and diagnostic value, ultimately identifying new molecular targets that could be used for PLGC patient treatment. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb V2 databases were used to identify FRGs. These genes were analysed via ClueGO pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, as well as single-cell dataset GSE134520 analysis. A machine learning model was applied to identify hub genes associated with ferroptosis in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to verify the diagnostic efficacy of these genes, and a PLGC diagnosis model nomogram was established based on hub genes. R software was utilized to conduct functional, pathway, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) on the identified diagnostic genes. Hub gene expression levels and survival times in gastric cancer were analysed using online databases to determine the prognostic value of these genes. MCPcounter and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms were used to investigate the correlation between hub genes and immune cells. Finally, noncoding RNA regulatory mechanisms and transcription factor regulatory networks for hub genes were mapped using multiple databases. Eventually, we identified 23 ferroptosis-related genes in PLGC. Enrichment analyses showed that ferroptosis-related genes were closely associated with iron uptake and transport and ferroptosis in the development of PLGC. After differential analysis using machine learning algorithms, we identified four hub genes in PLGC patients, including MYB, CYB5R1, LIFR and DPP4. Consequently, we established a ferroptosis diagnosis model nomogram. GSVA and GSEA mutual verification analysis helped uncover potential regulatory mechanisms of hub genes. MCPcounter and ssGSEA analysed immune infiltration in the disease and indicated that B cells and parainflammation played an important role in disease progression. Finally, we constructed noncoding RNA regulatory networks and transcription factor regulatory networks. Our study identified ferroptosis-related diagnostic genes and therapeutic targets for PLGC, providing novel insights and a theoretical foundation for research into the molecular mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Kuang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301608, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Lingkai Meng
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301608, China
| | - Yijia Mao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Fangbiao Xu
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huayi Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China.
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8
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Sockell A, Wong W, Longwell S, Vu T, Karlsson K, Mokhtari D, Schaepe J, Lo YH, Cornelius V, Kuo C, Van Valen D, Curtis C, Fordyce PM. A microwell platform for high-throughput longitudinal phenotyping and selective retrieval of organoids. Cell Syst 2023; 14:764-776.e6. [PMID: 37734323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are powerful experimental models for studying the ontogeny and progression of various diseases including cancer. Organoids are conventionally cultured in bulk using an extracellular matrix mimic. However, bulk-cultured organoids physically overlap, making it impossible to track the growth of individual organoids over time in high throughput. Moreover, local spatial variations in bulk matrix properties make it difficult to assess whether observed phenotypic heterogeneity between organoids results from intrinsic cell differences or differences in the microenvironment. Here, we developed a microwell-based method that enables high-throughput quantification of image-based parameters for organoids grown from single cells, which can further be retrieved from their microwells for molecular profiling. Coupled with a deep learning image-processing pipeline, we characterized phenotypic traits including growth rates, cellular movement, and apical-basal polarity in two CRISPR-engineered human gastric organoid models, identifying genomic changes associated with increased growth rate and changes in accessibility and expression correlated with apical-basal polarity. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sockell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wing Wong
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Longwell
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thy Vu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Mokhtari
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Schaepe
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuan-Hung Lo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent Cornelius
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Van Valen
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christina Curtis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | - Polly M Fordyce
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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9
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Artificial intelligence-guided discovery of gastric cancer continuum. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:286-297. [PMID: 36692601 PMCID: PMC9871434 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed understanding of pre-, early and late neoplastic states in gastric cancer helps develop better models of risk of progression to gastric cancers (GCs) and medical treatment to intercept such progression. METHODS We built a Boolean implication network of gastric cancer and deployed machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models of known pre-neoplastic states, e.g., atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and low- to high-grade intestinal neoplasia (L/HGIN), and GC. Our approach exploits the presence of asymmetric Boolean implication relationships that are likely to be invariant across almost all gastric cancer datasets. Invariant asymmetric Boolean implication relationships can decipher fundamental time-series underlying the biological data. Pursuing this method, we developed a healthy mucosa → GC continuum model based on this approach. RESULTS Our model performed better against publicly available models for distinguishing healthy versus GC samples. Although not trained on IM and L/HGIN datasets, the model could identify the risk of progression to GC via the metaplasia → dysplasia → neoplasia cascade in patient samples. The model could rank all publicly available mouse models for their ability to best recapitulate the gene expression patterns during human GC initiation and progression. CONCLUSIONS A Boolean implication network enabled the identification of hitherto undefined continuum states during GC initiation. The developed model could now serve as a starting point for rationalizing candidate therapeutic targets to intercept GC progression.
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Miyamoto T, Kobara H, Shiozawa T. Biology and management of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:3056-3067. [PMID: 36177810 PMCID: PMC10092153 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is a multicystic proliferative disorder of the uterine cervix. The aim of this review was to clarify the current understanding of this unique tumor. METHOD This article reviews the chronological progress of research regarding clinico-pathological and genetic aspects of LEGH and related cervical cystic diseases such as Nabothian cyst and adenocarcinoma of gastric type (GAS), using the literature and data from our institute. We also describe clinical management including preoperative diagnosis and adequate surgical/expectant treatment based on the biological features. RESULTS Recent studies revealed several unique aspects of LEGH, that is, (i) production of gastric mucin, (ii) symptomatic and histological similarity with minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA), and (iii) frequent association with GAS, including MDA. These findings indicated that LEGH is a gastric metaplasia, as well as pre-cancerous neoplasia. For the preoperative diagnosis of LEGH, the combination of "cosmos" sign on magnetic resonance imaging, detection of gastric mucin, and lack of nuclear atypia on cytology is important. Cone biopsy is effective for pathological diagnosis. Simple hysterectomy is indicated as surgical treatment for LEGH; however, meticulous follow-up is also an option, especially for young patients, because the rate of malignant transformation was reported to be 1%-2%. For LEGH patients who selected follow-up, a worsening cytology and increase in lesion size were important signs of malignant change of LEGH for safe follow-up. CONCLUSION Proper understanding of the characteristics of LEGH is important for adequate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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11
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Fujii C, Harumiya S, Sato Y, Kawakubo M, Matoba H, Nakayama J. α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine suppresses gastric cancer development by inhibiting MUC1-mediated signaling. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3852-3863. [PMID: 35959971 PMCID: PMC9633294 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and more understanding of its molecular basis is urgently needed. Gastric gland mucin secreted from pyloric gland cells, mucous neck cells, and cardiac gland cells of the gastric mucosa harbors unique O‐glycans carrying terminal α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues. We previously reported that αGlcNAc loss correlated positively with poor outcomes for patients with differentiated‐type gastric cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes remained poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of upregulated αGlcNAc expression on malignant phenotypes of the differentiated‐type gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN7. Upregulation of αGlcNAc following ectopic expression of its biosynthetic enzyme attenuated cell proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of AGS and MKN7 cells in vitro. Moreover, AGS cell tumorigenicity was significantly suppressed by αGlcNAc overexpression in a xenograft model. To define the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we investigated αGlcNAc binding proteins in AGS cells and identified Mucin‐1 (MUC1) and podocalyxin. Both proteins were colocalized with αGlcNAc on human gastric cancer cells. We also found that αGlcNAc was bound to MUC1 in murine normal gastric mucosa. When we assessed the effects of αGlcNAc binding to MUC1, we found that αGlcNAc blocked galectin‐3 binding to MUC1, phosphorylation of the MUC1 C‐terminus, and recruitment of Src and β‐catenin to that C‐terminus. These results suggest that αGlcNAc regulates cancer cell phenotypes by dampening MUC1 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Harumiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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12
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Hoffmann W. Self-Renewal and Cancers of the Gastric Epithelium: An Update and the Role of the Lectin TFF1 as an Antral Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105377. [PMID: 35628183 PMCID: PMC9141172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, gastric cancer was the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally. About 90% of gastric cancers are sporadic and the vast majority are correlated with Helicobacter pylori infection; whereas familial clustering is observed in about 10% of cases. Gastric cancer is now considered to be a disease originating from dysregulated self-renewal of the gastric glands in the setting of an inflammatory environment. The human stomach contains two types of gastric units, which show bi-directional self-renewal from a complex variety of stem cells. This review focuses on recent progress concerning the characterization of the different stem cell populations and the mainly mesenchymal signals triggering their stepwise differentiation as well as the genesis of pre-cancerous lesions and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a model is presented (Lectin-triggered Receptor Blocking Hypothesis) explaining the role of the lectin TFF1 as an antral tumor suppressor possibly regulating Lgr5+ antral stem cells in a paracrine or maybe autocrine fashion, with neighboring antral gland cells having a role as niche cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Lupeol Stearate Accelerates Healing and Prevents Recurrence of Gastric Ulcer in Rodents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6134128. [PMID: 35463093 PMCID: PMC9020945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6134128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the gastric healing effect of lupeol stearate (LS) and its ability to minimize ulcer recurrence in rodents. Methods To evaluate the gastric healing properties of LS, rats were subjected to 80% acetic acid-induced ulcer model and treated with vehicle, LS (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or omeprazole (20 mg/kg, p.o.), twice daily by seven days. The gastric ulcers were evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically. To evaluate the effects of LS in gastric ulcer recurrence, mice were ulcerated with 10% acetic acid and treated with vehicle, LS (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or ranitidine (100 mg/kg, p.o.), twice a day for ten days. Then, ulcer recurrence in these animals was induced by IL-1β at five days after the treatment period. Results The oral treatment with LS accelerated gastric healing by 63% in rats compared to the vehicle group, evidenced by histological improvement and increased gastric mucin levels. Moreover, the gastric healing effects of LS in rats were accompanied by an elevation in glutathione S-transferase activity and a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, the LS treatment reduced the recurred lesions in mice. Conclusions The oral treatment of LS accelerates gastric healing in rats by favoring mucus production and reducing neutrophil migration, and it also can reduce ulcer recurrence. These data highlighted this compound as promising for developing new pharmacological strategies for the management of gastric ulcer.
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14
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MUC6 expression is a preferable prognostic marker for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:671-684. [PMID: 35353213 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gastric gland mucin consists of core protein MUC6 with residues heavily glycosylated by unique O-glycans carrying α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc). αGlcNAc-glycosylated MUC6 protein is seen in normal gastric and duodenal glands. Decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6-positive tumor cells is often observed in premalignant lesions of the stomach, pancreas, and bile duct, and decreased MUC6 expression is seen in invasive cancer of these organs. Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, the adenocarcinoma subtype has become the most common histological subtype of LC, and one of its invasive forms is invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). Currently, prognostic markers of LC IMA are unknown. Here, we analyzed MUC5AC, MUC6, and αGlcNAc expression in 54 IMA LC cases. MUC5AC was positively expressed in 50 (93%), MUC6 in 38 (70%), and αGlcNAc in 19 (35%). Each expression level was scored from 0 to 3. The αGlcNAc expression score was significantly decreased relative to MUC6 (P < 0.001). Interestingly, disease-free survival was significantly higher in MUC6-positive than MUC6-negative cases based on the log-rank test (P = 0.021). For in vitro analysis, we ectopically expressed MUC6 in A549 cells, derived from LC and harboring a KRAS mutation. MUC6-expressing A549 cells showed significantly lower proliferation, motility, and invasiveness than control cells. Finally, F-actin staining in MUC6-expressing cells revealed a decrease or loss of filopodia associated with decreased levels of FSCN transcripts, which encodes an actin-bundling protein fascin1 necessary for cell migration. We conclude that MUC6 expression is a preferable prognostic biomarker in IMA LC.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Ocansey DKW, Wang B, Wang L, Xu Z. Mucin-Type O-Glycans: Barrier, Microbiota, and Immune Anchors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5939-5953. [PMID: 34803391 PMCID: PMC8598207 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects about 7 million people globally, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract caused by gut microbiota alterations, immune dysregulation, and genetic and environmental factors. The association of microbial and immune molecules with mucin-type O-glycans has been increasingly noticed by researchers. Mucin is the main component of mucus, which forms a protective barrier between the microbiota and immune cells in the colon. Mucin-type O-glycans alter the diversity of gastrointestinal microorganisms, which in turn increases the level of O-glycosylation of host intestinal proteins via the utilization of glycans. Additionally, alterations in mucin-type O-glycans not only increase the activity and stability of immune cells but are also involved in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal immune tolerance. Although there is accumulating evidence indicating that mucin-type O-glycans play an important role in IBD, there is limited literature that integrates available data to present a complete picture of exactly how O-glycans affect IBD. This review emphasizes the roles of the mucin-type O-glycans in IBD. This seeks to provide a better understanding and encourages future studies on IBD glycosylation and the design of novel glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Danyang Blood Station, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
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16
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Yuki A, Fujii C, Yamanoi K, Matoba H, Harumiya S, Kawakubo M, Nakayama J. Glycosylation of MUC6 by α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine enhances suppression of pancreatic cancer malignancy. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:576-586. [PMID: 34808019 PMCID: PMC8819301 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are greatly needed, as the high fatality of this cancer is in part due to delayed detection. α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc), a unique O‐glycan specific to gastric gland mucus, is biosynthesized by α1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT) and primarily bound at the terminal glycosylated residue to scaffold protein MUC6. We previously reported that αGlcNAc expression decreases at early stages of neoplastic pancreatic lesions, followed by decreased MUC6 expression, although functional effects of these outcomes were unknown. Here, we ectopically expressed α4GnT, the αGlcNAc biosynthetic enzyme, together with MUC6 in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa‐2 and PANC‐1, neither of which expresses α4GnT and MUC6. We observed significantly suppressed proliferation in both lines following coexpression of α4GnT and MUC6. Moreover, cellular motility decreased following MUC6 ectopic expression, an effect enhanced by cotransduction with α4GnT. MUC6 expression also attenuated invasiveness of both lines relative to controls, and this effect was also enhanced by additional α4GnT expression. We found αGlcNAc‐bound MUC6 formed a complex with trefoil factor 2. Furthermore, analysis of survival curves of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a gene expression database showed that samples marked by higher A4GNT or MUC6 mRNA levels were associated with relatively favorable prognosis. These results strongly suggest that αGlcNAc and MUC6 function as tumor suppressors in pancreatic cancer and that decreased expression of both may serve as a biomarker of tumor progression to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Harumiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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17
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Salivary Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Roles in Oral and Esophageal Protection: Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212221. [PMID: 34830103 PMCID: PMC8624312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva is a complex body fluid with more than 3000 different identified proteins. Besides rheological and lubricating properties, saliva supports wound healing and acts as an antimicrobial barrier. TFF peptides are secreted from the mucous acini of the major and minor salivary glands and are typical constituents of normal saliva; TFF3 being the predominant peptide compared with TFF1 and TFF2. Only TFF3 is easily detectable by Western blotting. It occurs in two forms, a disulfide-linked homodimer (Mr: 13k) and a high-molecular-mass heterodimer with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). TFF peptides are secretory lectins known for their protective effects in mucous epithelia; the TFF3 dimer probably has wound-healing properties due to its weak motogenic effect. There are multiple indications that FCGBP and TFF3-FCGBP play a key role in the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia. In addition, homodimeric TFF3 interacts in vitro with the salivary agglutinin DMBT1gp340. Here, the protective roles of TFF peptides, FCGBP, and DMBT1gp340 in saliva are discussed. TFF peptides are also used to reduce radiotherapy- or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Thus, TFF peptides, FCGBP, and DMBT1gp340 are promising candidates for better formulations of artificial saliva, particularly improving wound healing and antimicrobial effects even in the esophagus.
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18
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Ohya A, Matoba H, Fujinaga Y, Nakayama J. Decreased Gastric Gland Mucin-specific O-glycans Are Involved in the Progression of Ovarian Primary Mucinous Tumours. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:115-122. [PMID: 34511650 PMCID: PMC8424251 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian primary mucinous tumours (OPMTs) show an adenoma–borderline–carcinoma sequence with gastrointestinal metaplasia. Gastric gland mucin-specific O-glycans are unique with an α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residue attached to mucin 6 (MUC6). Although αGlcNAc is expected to be expressed in OPMTs, the relationship between αGlcNAc expression and OPMT progression remains unknown. Here, we analysed 104 areas of benign mucinous tumours (benign), 55 areas of borderline mucinous tumours (borderline), and 18 areas of malignant mucinous tumours (malignant) to investigate the expression patterns of αGlcNAc, mucin 2 (MUC2), mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), and MUC6 during the progression of OPMT from benign to malignant. MUC5AC expression was observed in all areas. The frequencies of MUC6- and αGlcNAc-positive areas were decreased with tumour progression. In particular, the decrease in αGlcNAc-positive areas was remarkable. Furthermore, αGlcNAc expression was lower than MUC6 expression at all grades (benign, p < 0.0001; borderline, p = 0.0014; malignant, p = 0.0039). Conversely, there was no difference in the expression frequency or level of MUC2 among the three grades. These results suggest that decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 occurs early in tumour development and marks the initiation of OPMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ohya
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
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19
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Mohamed Abd-El-Halim Y, El Kaoutari A, Silvy F, Rubis M, Bigonnet M, Roques J, Cros J, Nicolle R, Iovanna J, Dusetti N, Mas E. A glycosyltransferase gene signature to detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with poor prognosis. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103541. [PMID: 34425307 PMCID: PMC8379629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an important heterogeneity, reflected by different clinical outcomes and chemoresistance. During carcinogenesis, tumor cells display aberrant glycosylated structures, synthetized by deregulated glycosyltransferases, supporting the tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to determine whether PDAC could be stratified through their glycosyltransferase expression profiles better than the current binary classification (basal-like and classical) in order to improve detection of patients with poor prognosis. Methods Bioinformatic analysis of 169 glycosyltransferase RNA sequencing data were performed for 74 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of resected and unresectable tumors. The Australian cohort of International Cancer Genome Consortium and the microarray dataset from Puleo patient's cohort were used as independent validation datasets. Findings New PDAC stratification based on glycosyltransferase expression profile allowed to distinguish different groups of patients with distinct clinical outcome (p-value = 0.007). A combination of 19 glycosyltransferases differentially expressed in PDX defined a glyco-signature, whose prognostic value was validated on datasets including resected whole tumor tissues. The glyco-signature was able to discriminate three clusters of PDAC patients on the validation cohorts, two clusters displaying a short overall survival compared to one cluster having a better prognosis. Both poor prognostic clusters having different glyco-profiles in Puleo patient's cohort were correlated with stroma activated or desmoplastic subtypes corresponding to distinct microenvironment features (p-value < 0.0001). Besides, differential expression and enrichment analyses revealed deregulated functional pathways specific to different clusters. Interpretation This study identifies a glyco-signature relevant for a prognostic use, potentially applicable to resected and unresectable PDAC. Furthermore, it provides new potential therapeutic targets. Funding This work was supported by INCa (Grants number 2018-078 and 2018-079), Fondation ARC (Grant number ARCPJA32020070002326), Cancéropôle PACA, DGOS (labelization SIRIC, Grant number 6038), Amidex Foundation and Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and by institutional fundings from INSERM and the Aix-Marseille Université.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Mohamed Abd-El-Halim
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Department of Pathology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Mas
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
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20
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Effects of orally administered Euglena gracilis and its reserve polysaccharide, paramylon, on gastric dysplasia in A4gnt knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13640. [PMID: 34210998 PMCID: PMC8249615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is widely utilized as food or supplement to promote human and animal health, as it contains rich nutrients. In this study, we administered spray-dried powder of E. gracilis and paramylon, β-glucan stored in E. gracilis cells, to A4gnt knockout (KO) mice. A4gnt KO mice are a mutant mouse model that spontaneously develops gastric cancer through hyperplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the antrum of the stomach, and we observed the effects of E. gracilis and paramylon on the early involvements of A4gnt KO mice. Male and female 10-week-old A4gnt KO mice and their age-matched wildtype C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 50 mg of E. gracilis or paramylon suspended in saline or saline as a control. After 3-week administration, animals were euthanatized and the stomach was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Gene expression patterns of the stomach, which have been reported to be altered with A4gnt KO, and IgA concentration in small intestine were also analyzed with real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Administration of Euglena significantly reduced the number of stimulated CD3-positive T-lymphocytes in pyloric mucosa of A4gnt KO mice and tend to reduce polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration. Euglena administration further downregulated the expression of Il11 and Cxcl1 of A4gnt KO mice. Euglena administration also affected IgA concentration in small intestinal contents of A4gnt KO mice. Paramylon administration reduced the number of CD3-positive lymphocytes in pyloric mucosa of A4gnt KO mice, and downregulated the expressions of Il11 and Ccl2 of A4gnt KO mice. Although we found no significant effects on gross and microscopic signs of gastric dysplasia and cell proliferation, the present study suggests that the administration of Euglena and paramylon may ameliorate the early involvements of A4gnt mice through the effects on inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa. The cancer-preventing effects should be studied with long-term experiments until actual gastric cancer formation.
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21
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Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Links to Inflammation: A Re-evaluation and New Medical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094909. [PMID: 34066339 PMCID: PMC8125380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3), together with mucins, are typical exocrine products of mucous epithelia. Here, they act as a gastric tumor suppressor (TFF1) or they play different roles in mucosal innate immune defense (TFF2, TFF3). Minute amounts are also secreted as endocrine, e.g., by the immune and central nervous systems. As a hallmark, TFF peptides have different lectin activities, best characterized for TFF2, but also TFF1. Pathologically, ectopic expression occurs during inflammation and in various tumors. In this review, the role of TFF peptides during inflammation is discussed on two levels. On the one hand, the expression of TFF1-3 is regulated by inflammatory signals in different ways (upstream links). On the other hand, TFF peptides influence inflammatory processes (downstream links). The latter are recognized best in various Tff-deficient mice, which have completely different phenotypes. In particular, TFF2 is secreted by myeloid cells (e.g., macrophages) and lymphocytes (e.g., memory T cells), where it modulates immune reactions triggering inflammation. As a new concept, in addition to lectin-triggered activation, a hypothetical lectin-triggered inhibition of glycosylated transmembrane receptors by TFF peptides is discussed. Thus, TFFs are promising players in the field of glycoimmunology, such as galectins and C-type lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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He K, Zhang J, Liu J, Cui Y, Liu LG, Ye S, Ban Q, Pan R, Liu D. Functional genomics study of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells revealed by RNA sequencing. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9011-9027. [PMID: 33759814 PMCID: PMC8034905 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, was considered to be an inhibitor of STAT1 by inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of STAT1 and blocking STAT1-mediated gene transcription in response to cytokine stimulation. PIAS1 has been determined to be involved in modulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation, DNA damage responses, and inflammatory responses, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role played by PIAS1 in regulating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has not been determined. In our study, significantly different expression levels of PIAS1 between normal controls and AD patients were detected in four regions of the human brain. Based on a functional analysis of Pias1 in undifferentiated mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells, we observed that the expression levels of several AD marker genes could be inhibited by Pias1 overexpression. Moreover, the proliferation ability of HT-22 cells could be promoted by the overexpression of Pias1. Furthermore, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to evaluate and quantify the gene expression profiles in response to Pias1 overexpression in HT-22 cells. As a result, 285 significantly dysregulated genes, including 79 upregulated genes and 206 downregulated genes, were identified by the comparison of Pias1/+ cells with WT cells. Among these genes, five overlapping genes, including early growth response 1 (Egr1), early growth response 2 (Egr2), early growth response 3 (Egr3), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos) and fos-like antigen 1 (Fosl1), were identified by comparison of the transcription factor binding site (TFBS) prediction results for STAT1, whose expression was evaluated by qPCR. Three cell cycle inhibitors, p53, p18 and p21, were significantly downregulated with the overexpression of Pias1. Analysis of functional enrichment and expression levels showed that basic region leucine zipper domain-containing transcription factors including zinc finger C2H2 (zf-C2H2), homeobox and basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in several signaling pathways were significantly involved in PIAS1 regulation in HT-22 cells. A reconstructed regulatory network under PIAS1 overexpression demonstrated that there were 43 related proteins, notably Nr3c2, that directly interacted with PIAS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Justin Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yandi Cui
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | | | - Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Ban
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ruolan Pan
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
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23
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Doi N, Ino Y, Angata K, Shimada K, Narimatsu H, Hiraoka N. Clinicopathological significance of core 3 O-glycan synthetic enzyme, β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242851. [PMID: 33253272 PMCID: PMC7703919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans are involved in cancer initiation and progression, although details of their biological and clinicopathological roles remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (β3Gn-T6), an essential enzyme for the synthesis of core 3 O-glycan and several other O-glycans in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We performed immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical analyses to detect the expression of β3Gn-T6 and several O-glycans in 156 cases of PDAC with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and corresponding normal tissue samples. The T antigen, Tn antigen, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) antigen, and sLeX on core 2 O-glycan were more highly expressed in PDAC cells than in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells (NPDEs). Conversely, the expression of 6-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine on extended core 1 O-glycan was found in NPDEs and was low in PDAC cells. These glycan expression levels were not associated with patient outcomes. β3Gn-T6 was expressed in ~20% of PDAC cases and 30-40% of PanINs but not in NPDEs. Higher expression of β3Gn-T6 was found in PDAC cells in more differentiated adenocarcinoma cases showing significantly longer disease-free survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, the expression of β3Gn-T6 in PDAC cells and PanINs significantly correlated with the expression of MUC5AC in these cells, suggesting that β3Gn-T6 expression is related to cellular differentiation status of the gastric foveolar phenotype. Thus, it is likely that β3Gn-T6 expression in PDAC cells is a favorable prognostic factor in PDAC patients, and that the expression of β3Gn-T6 correlates with the gastric foveolar phenotype in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/genetics
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- Polysaccharides/genetics
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Sialyl Lewis X Antigen/genetics
- Sialyl Lewis X Antigen/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Doi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Department of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Angata
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, The Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, The Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Okumura M, Yamanoi K, Uehara T, Nakayama J. Decreased alpha-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation in biliary tract cancer progression from biliary intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4629-4635. [PMID: 33020993 PMCID: PMC7734011 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is typically lethal due to the difficulty of early stage diagnosis. Thus, novel biomarkers of BTC precursors are necessary. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is a major precursor of BTC and is classified as low or high grade based on cell atypia. In normal gastric mucosa, gastric gland mucin‐specific O‐glycans are unique in having α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) attached to MUC6. Previously, we reported that αGlcNAc functions as a tumor suppressor of differentiated‐type gastric adenocarcinoma and that decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6 in gastric, pancreatic, and uterine cervical neoplasms occurs in cancer as well as in their precursor lesions. However, αGlcNAc and MUC6 expression patterns in biliary tract neoplasms have remained unclear. Here, we analyzed MUC5AC, MUC6, and αGlcNAc expression status in 51 BTC cases and compared the expression of each with progression from low‐grade BilIN to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). The frequency of αGlcNAc‐positive and MUC6‐positive lesions decreased with tumor progression. When we compared each marker’s expression level with tumor progression, we found that the MUC6 expression score in IAC was significantly lower than in low‐grade or high‐grade BilIN (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively). However, the αGlcNAc expression score was low irrespective of histological grade, and also lower than that of MUC6 across all histological grades (P < 0.001 for low‐grade and high‐grade BilIN, and P < 0.01 for IAC). These results suggest that decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 marks the initiation of BTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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25
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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Ho-Plagaro A, Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Garcia-Serrano S, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Valdes S, Rodríguez-Cañete A, Alcaín-Martínez G, Ruiz-Santana N, Vázquez-Pedreño L, García-Fuentes E. Different Expression of Duodenal Genes Related to Insulin Resistance Between Nonobese Women and Those with Severe Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1708-1717. [PMID: 32729246 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to identify changes in duodenal gene expression associated with the development of insulin resistance according to the BMI of women. METHODS Duodenal samples were assessed by microarray in four groups of women, nonobese women and women with severe obesity, with both low and high insulin resistance. RESULTS There was a group of shared downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial humoral response in women with higher insulin resistance both with severe obesity and without obesity. In the exclusive DEGs found in severe obesity, downregulated DEGs related to the regulation of the defense response to bacterium and cell adhesion, involving pathways related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism, were observed. In the exclusive DEGs from nonobese women with higher insulin resistance, upregulated DEGs mainly related to the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, very low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling, lipid metabolic process, antigen processing, and the presentation of peptide antigen were found. CONCLUSIONS Independent of BMI, higher insulin resistance was associated with a downregulation of duodenal DEGs mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism. Also, intestinal lipoprotein metabolism may have a certain relevance in the regulation of insulin resistance in nonobese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Cañete
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcaín-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Ruiz-Santana
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez-Pedreño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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27
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Yamada S, Yamanoi K, Sato Y, Nakayama J. Diffuse MIST1 expression and decreased α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) glycosylation on MUC6 are distinct hallmarks for gastric neoplasms showing oxyntic gland differentiation. Histopathology 2020; 77:413-422. [PMID: 32502322 DOI: 10.1111/his.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric neoplasms showing oxyntic gland differentiation (GAOGs) constitute a gastric neoplasm subtype that shows low atypia, thus similar to non-neoplastic gastric oxyntic glands. Therefore, their diagnosis in biopsy specimens is difficult. GAOGs were first described in 2007, and introduced in the latest World Health Organization classification book as gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG) and oxyntic gland adenoma. Previously, we assessed α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues attached to the MUC6 scaffold in gastric neoplasms, and observed decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation in both differentiated-type gastric cancer and high-grade pyloric gland adenoma (PGA), a gastric cancer precursor. GA-FG and PGA often harbour the same mutations. However, the αGlcNAc status in GAOGs remained unknown. To elucidate αGlcNAc expression in GAOGs, we performed the study. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the expression of αGlcNAc; the mucin markers MUC6, MUC5AC, and MUC2; the gastric gland cell markers MIST1, pepsinogen 1 (PG1), H/K-ATPase and chromogranin-A (CGA); and the proliferation marker Ki67 in 13 GAOG lesions. All 13 (100%) were MUC6-positive, whereas 10 (76.2%) were αGlcNAc-negative. Moreover, all 13 (100%) were MIST1- and PG1-positive, three (23.1%) were MUC5AC-positive, four (30.8%) were H/K-ATPase-positive, and one (7.7%) was CGA-positive. CONCLUSIONS GAOGs frequently lost αGlcNAc residues on MUC6, but expressed the gastric gland progenitor marker MIST1 and aberrantly expressed various types of gastric gland cell lineage marker, suggestive of immature differentiation to gastric gland cells. Thus, diffuse MIST1 positivity and decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6-positive cells could serve as important biomarkers for the histopathological diagnosis of GAOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of 2nd Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Iiyama Red Cross Hospital, Iiyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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28
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Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Diverse Molecular Functions in Mucus Barrier Protection and More: Changing the Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124535. [PMID: 32630599 PMCID: PMC7350206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) are typically co-secreted together with mucins. Tff1 represents a gastric tumor suppressor gene in mice. TFFs are also synthesized in minute amounts in the immune and central nervous systems. In mucous epithelia, they support rapid repair by enhancing cell migration ("restitution") via their weak chemotactic and anti-apoptotic effects. For a long time, as a paradigm, this was considered as their major biological function. Within recent years, the formation of disulfide-linked heterodimers was documented for TFF1 and TFF3, e.g., with gastrokine-2 and IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Furthermore, lectin activities were recognized as enabling binding to a lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori (TFF1, TFF3) or to a carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6 (TFF2). Only recently, gastric TFF1 was demonstrated to occur predominantly in monomeric forms with an unusual free thiol group. Thus, a new picture emerged, pointing to diverse molecular functions for TFFs. Monomeric TFF1 might protect the gastric mucosa as a scavenger for extracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Whereas, the TFF2/MUC6 complex stabilizes the inner layer of the gastric mucus. In contrast, the TFF3-FCGBP heterodimer (and also TFF1-FCGBP) are likely part of the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia, preventing the infiltration of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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29
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Liu F, Fu J, Bergstrom K, Shan X, McDaniel JM, McGee S, Bai X, Chen W, Xia L. Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycosylation protects against spontaneous gastritis and gastric cancer. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20182325. [PMID: 31645367 PMCID: PMC7037257 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are a major component of gastric mucus with an unclear role. To address this, we generated mice lacking gastric epithelial O-glycans (GEC C1galt1-/-). GEC C1galt1-/- mice exhibited spontaneous gastritis that progressed to adenocarcinoma with ∼80% penetrance by 1 yr. GEC C1galt1-/- gastric epithelium exhibited defective expression of a major mucus forming O-glycoprotein Muc5AC relative to WT controls, which was associated with impaired gastric acid homeostasis. Inflammation and tumorigenesis in GEC C1galt1-/- stomach were concurrent with activation of caspases 1 and 11 (Casp1/11)-dependent inflammasome. GEC C1galt1-/- mice genetically lacking Casp1/11 had reduced gastritis and gastric cancer progression. Notably, expression of Tn antigen, a truncated form of O-glycan, and CASP1 activation was associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer patients. These results reveal a critical role of O-glycosylation in gastric homeostasis and the protection of the gastric mucosa from Casp1-mediated gastric inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xindi Shan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J. Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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30
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Desamero MJ, Kakuta S, Tang Y, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Estacio MA, Cervancia C, Kominami Y, Ushio H, Nakayama J, Nakayama H, Kyuwa S. Tumor-suppressing potential of stingless bee propolis in in vitro and in vivo models of differentiated-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19635. [PMID: 31873082 PMCID: PMC6928070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective property of propolis across a wide spectrum of diseases has long been realized, yet the anti-tumor efficacy of this bioactive substance from Philippine stingless bees has remained poorly understood. Here, we showed the tumor-suppressing potential of crude ethanolic extract of Philippine stingless bee propolis (EEP) in in vitro models of gastric cancer highlighting the first indication of remarkable subtype specificity towards differentiated-type human gastric cancer cell lines but not the diffuse-type. Mechanistically, this involved the profound modulation of several cell cycle related gene transcripts, which correlated with the prominent cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. To reinforce our data, a unique differentiated-type gastric cancer model, A4gnt KO mice, together with age-matched 60 week-old C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving distilled water or EEP for 30 consecutive days. EEP treatment induced significant regression of gross and histological lesions of gastric pyloric tumors that consistently corresponded with specific transcriptional regulation of cell cycle components. Also, the considerable p21 protein expression coupled with a marked reduction in rapidly dividing BrdU-labeled S-phase cells unequivocally supported our observation. Altogether, these findings support the role of Philippine stingless bee propolis as a promising adjunct treatment option in differentiated-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Joseph Desamero
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.,UPLB Bee Program, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yulan Tang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - James Kenn Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Maria Amelita Estacio
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.,UPLB Bee Program, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Cleofas Cervancia
- UPLB Bee Program, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.,Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Yuri Kominami
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushio
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kyuwa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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31
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Muc5ac null mice are predisposed to spontaneous gastric antro-pyloric hyperplasia and adenomas coupled with attenuated H. pylori-induced corpus mucous metaplasia. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1887-1905. [PMID: 31399638 PMCID: PMC6927550 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is strongly associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. The ability of Hp to closely adhere to the gastric surface protective mucous layer containing mucins (MUC in humans and Muc in animals), primarily Muc5ac, is integral in the stepwise pathogenesis from gastritis to cancer. To probe the role of Muc5ac in Hp-induced gastric pathology, Muc5ac-/- and Muc5ac+/+ (WT) mice were experimentally infected with Hp Sydney strain (SS1). At 16 weeks and 32 weeks post infection (wpi), groups of mice were euthanized and evaluated for the following: gastric histopathological parameters, immunohistochemical expression of mucins (Muc5ac, Muc1, Muc2), Trefoil factor family proteins (Tff1 and Tff2), Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II (GSL II) (mucous metaplasia marker) and Clusterin (Spasmolytic Polypeptide Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM) marker), Hp colonization density by qPCR and gastric cytokine mRNA levels. Our results demonstrate that Muc5ac-/- mice developed spontaneous antro-pyloric proliferation, adenomas and in one case with neuroendocrine differentiation; these findings were independent of Hp infection along with strong expression levels of Tff1, Tff2 and Muc1. Hp-infected Muc5ac-/- mice had significantly lowered gastric corpus mucous metaplasia at 16 wpi and 32 wpi (P = 0.0057 and P = 0.0016, respectively), with a slight reduction in overall gastric corpus pathology. GSII-positive mucous neck cells were decreased in Hp-infected Muc5ac-/- mice compared to WT mice and clusterin positivity was noted within metaplastic glands in both genotypes following Hp infection. Additionally, Hp colonization densities were significantly higher in Muc5ac-/- mice compared to WT at 16 wpi in both sexes (P = 0.05) along with a significant reduction in gastric Tnfα (16 wpi-males and females, P = 0.017 and P = 0.036, respectively and 32 wpi-males only, P = 0.025) and Il-17a (16 wpi-males) (P = 0.025). Taken together, our findings suggest a protective role for MUC5AC/Muc5ac in maintaining gastric antral equilibrium and inhibiting Hp colonization and associated inflammatory pathology.
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32
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Kawakubo M, Komura H, Goso Y, Okumura M, Sato Y, Fujii C, Miyashita M, Arisaka N, Harumiya S, Yamanoi K, Yamada S, Kakuta S, Kawashima H, Fukuda MN, Fukuda M, Nakayama J. Analysis of A4gnt Knockout Mice Reveals an Essential Role for Gastric Sulfomucins in Preventing Gastritis Cystica Profunda. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:759-770. [PMID: 31246144 PMCID: PMC6764063 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419860134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma cells secrete sulfomucins, but their role in gastric tumorigenesis remains unclear. To address that question, we generated A4gnt/Chst4 double-knockout (DKO) mice by crossing A4gnt knockout (KO) mice, which spontaneously develop gastric adenocarcinoma, with Chst4 KO mice, which are deficient in the sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST-2. A4gnt/Chst4 DKO mice lack gastric sulfomucins but developed gastric adenocarcinoma. Unexpectedly, severe gastric erosion occurred in A4gnt/Chst4 DKO mice at as early as 3 weeks of age, and with aging these lesions were accompanied by gastritis cystica profunda (GCP). Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Ccl2, and Cxcr2 transcripts in gastric mucosa of 5-week-old A4gnt/Chst4 DKO mice exhibiting both hyperplasia and severe erosion were significantly upregulated relative to age-matched A4gnt KO mice, which showed hyperplasia alone. However, upregulation of these genes disappeared in 50-week-old A4gnt/Chst4 DKO mice exhibiting high-grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma and GCP. Moreover, Cxcl1 and Cxcr2 were downregulated in A4gnt/Chst4 DKO mice relative to age-matched A4gnt KO mice exhibiting adenocarcinoma alone. These combined results indicate that the presence of sulfomucins prevents severe gastric erosion followed by GCP in A4gnt KO mice by transiently regulating a set of inflammation-related genes, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Ccl2, and Cxcr2 at 5 weeks of age, although sulfomucins were not directly associated with gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences,
Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University,
Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Komura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences,
Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University,
Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Arisaka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Harumiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences,
Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University,
Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Iiyama Red Cross
Hospital, Iiyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Research Center for Human and Environmental
Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology,
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Michiko N. Fukuda
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology
Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
USA
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology
Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
USA
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu
University School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences,
Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University,
Matsumoto, Japan
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Ida K, Yamanoi K, Asaka S, Takeuchi H, Miyamoto T, Shiozawa T, Nakayama J. αGlcNAc and its catalyst α4GnT are diagnostic and prognostic markers in uterine cervical tumor, gastric type. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13043. [PMID: 31506488 PMCID: PMC6737144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical adenocarcinoma, gastric type (GAS) is not associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. GAS patients prognoses are significantly worse compared with cervical adenocarcinoma associated with HPV infection, as their tumors exhibit resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. GAS is often associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH), which is regarded as a precursor to GAS in the latest WHO classification. Recently, we reported that a decrease in expression of terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) relative to that of MUC6 was already apparent in atypical LEGH in the LEGH-GAS sequence. Here, we analyzed expression of α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT), the sole enzyme catalyzing αGlcNAc biosynthesis, and that of αGlcNAc and MUC6 in cases representing non-neoplastic endocervical gland (NNEG) (11 cases), LEGH (26 cases) and GAS (12 cases). α4GnT protein was detected in a "dot-like" pattern, indicating localization in the Golgi apparatus in all 26 LEGH cases and 5 of 12 GAS cases. α4GnT- and αGlcNAc-positive cells largely overlapped, suggesting that α4GnT gene expression regulates αGlcNAc biosynthesis. Interestingly, all NNEG cases were negative for α4GnT and αGlcNAc expression, but 7 of 11 NNEG and all LEGH cases were MUC6-positive. In GAS cases, patients whose tumors were α4GnT- and αGlcNAc-positive had more favorable prognosis than others. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive expressions of α4GnT and αGlcNAc were independent prognostic indicators. These results indicate that α4GnT and αGlcNAc could serve as useful markers not only to distinguish LEGH from NNEG but to evaluate prognoses of GAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hodaka Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Stowell CP, Stowell SR. Biologic roles of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens Part I: infection and immunity. Vox Sang 2019; 114:426-442. [PMID: 31070258 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ABH and Lewis antigens were among the first of the human red blood cell polymorphisms to be identified and, in the case of the former, play a dominant role in transfusion and transplantation. But these two therapies are largely twentieth century innovations, and the ABH and related carbohydrate antigens are not only expressed on a very wide range of human tissues, but were present in primates long before modern humans evolved. Although we have learned a great deal about the biochemistry and genetics of these structures, the biological roles that they play in human health and disease are incompletely understood. This review and its companion, to appear in a later issue of Vox Sanguinis, will focus on a few of the biologic and pathologic processes which appear to be affected by histo-blood group phenotype. The first of the two reviews will explore the interactions of two bacteria with the ABH and Lewis glycoconjugates of their human host cells, and describe the possible connections between the immune response of the human host to infection and the development of the AB-isoagglutinins. The second review will describe the relationship between ABO phenotype and thromboembolic disease, cardio-vascular disease states, and general metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Stowell
- Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Center for Apheresis, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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35
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Wang X, Tanaka N, Hu X, Kimura T, Lu Y, Jia F, Sato Y, Nakayama J, Moriya K, Koike K, Aoyama T. A high-cholesterol diet promotes steatohepatitis and liver tumorigenesis in HCV core gene transgenic mice. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1713-1725. [PMID: 31004178 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a link between high-cholesterol intake and liver disease progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanism of hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis caused by excessive cholesterol consumption remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of dietary cholesterol using hepatitis C virus core gene transgenic (HCVcpTg) mice, which spontaneously developed HCC with age. Male HCVcpTg mice were treated for 15 months with either a control diet or an isocaloric diet containing 1.5% cholesterol, and liver phenotypes and tumor-associated signaling pathways were evaluated. The high-cholesterol diet-fed HCVcpTg mice exhibited a significantly higher incidence of liver tumors compared with the control diet mice (100% vs. 41%, P < 0.001). The diet induced steatohepatitis with pericellular fibrosis and evoked higher mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators along with enhanced hepatocyte proliferation and greater oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver. Moreover, long-term consumption of cholesterol-rich diet activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and p62/sequestosome 1 (Sqstm1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2) axis, enhanced fibrogenesis, and consequently accelerated hepatic tumorigenesis. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a high-cholesterol diet facilitates liver tumorigenesis by inducing steatohepatitis, promoting hepatocyte division, and up-regulating cellular stress and pro-inflammatory NF-κB and detoxifying p62/Sqstm1-NRF2 signals. Therefore, high dietary cholesterol should be avoided in HCV-infected patients to prevent development of steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
- Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Fangping Jia
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Aoyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Stürmer R, Harder S, Schlüter H, Hoffmann W. Commercial Porcine Gastric Mucin Preparations, also Used as Artificial Saliva, are a Rich Source for the Lectin TFF2: In Vitro Binding Studies. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2598-2608. [PMID: 30371971 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucous gels (mucus) cover internal body surfaces. The secretory mucins MUC5AC and MUC6 and the protective peptide TFF2 are characteristic constituents of gastric mucus; TFF2 is co-secreted with MUC6. Herein, we investigated two commercial mucin preparations by FPLC and proteomics, because they are model systems for studying the rheology of gastric mucins. One preparation is also used as a saliva substitute, for example, after radiation therapy. We show that both preparations contain TFF2 (≈0.6 to 1.1 %, w/w). The majority of TFF2 is strongly bound noncovalently to mucin in a manner that is resistant to boiling in SDS. First overlay assays with 125 I-labeled porcine TFF2 revealed that mucin binding is modulated by Ca2+ and can be blocked by the lectin GSA-II and the antibody HIK1083, both recognizing the peripheral GlcNAcα1→4Galβ1→R moiety of MUC6. TFF2 binding was also inhibited in the presence of Me-β-Gal but less so by the α anomer. TFF2 may play a role in the oligomerization and secretion of MUC6, the rheology of gastric mucus, and the adherence of gastric microbiota. TFF2 in artificial saliva may be of benefit. TFF2 might also interact with the sugar moiety of various receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Stürmer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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37
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Shi H, Xiong H, Qian W, Lin R. Helicobacter pylori infection progresses proximally associated with pyloric metaplasia in age-dependent tendency: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:158. [PMID: 30373520 PMCID: PMC6206908 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The elderly population presents higher morbidity of H. pylori associated diseases in proximal stomach. The specific pathogenesis and mechanism have not been clearly addressed. The gastric environment for H. pylori colonization is dynamic with increasing age. The aim of present study is to investigate the correlation among the distribution of H. pylori, mucosal inflammation, gastric microenvironment and age. Methods A total of 180 patients with dyspepsia symptoms were divided into young, middle-aged and elderly groups. Biopsies were obtained from each patient in five locations: great curvature (mid-corpus, mid-antrum), lesser curvature (mid-corpus, mid-antrum) and incisura angularis (IA), analyzed for H. pylori density, mucosal inflammation and histopathology. Results The infection rate of H. pylori increased linearly with age (p < 0.001) in corpus, but not in antrum and IA. The H. pylori density was significantly aggravated in IA (p = 0.002) and corpus (p < 0.001) in elderly patient, but not in antrum. The mucosa inflammation scores were consistent with the severity of H. pylori colonization among three age groups. In elderly patients, the pyloric glands present more frequently in corpus, comparing with young and middle-aged group. A significant positive correlation among aggravating severity of H. pylori infection, mucosal inflammation and pyloric metaplasia in corpus with increasing age (p < 0.001) was occurred. Conclusions With increasing age, both topographic distribution of H. pylori and the expansion of pyloric glands increased in a distal-to-proximal gastric direction. Pyloric metaplasia in corpus was correlated with the risk of aggravated H. pylori colonization and associated inflammation in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hanhua Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
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38
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Desamero MJ, Kakuta S, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Hachimura S, Takamoto M, Nakayama J, Nakayama H, Kyuwa S. Orally administered brown seaweed-derived β-glucan effectively restrained development of gastric dysplasia in A4gnt KO mice that spontaneously develop gastric adenocarcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:211-220. [PMID: 29763881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucan refers to a heterogeneous group of chemically defined storage polysaccharides containing β-(1,3)-d-linked glucose polymers with branches connected by either β-(1,4) or β-(1,6) glycosidic linkage. To date, an extensive amount of scientific evidence supports their multifunctional biological activities, but their potential involvement in the progression of premalignant lesions remains to be clarified. A4gnt KO mice that lack α1,4-N-acetylglucosamine-capped O-glycans in gastric gland mucin are a unique animal model for gastric cancer because the mutant mice spontaneously develop gastric cancer through hyperplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. In particular, A4gnt KO mice show gastric dysplasia during 10-20 weeks of age. Here we investigated the putative gastro-protective activity of brown seaweed-derived β-glucan (Laminaran) against development of gastric dysplasia, precancerous lesion for gastric cancer in A4gnt KO mice. The mutant mice at 12 weeks of age were randomly assigned into three treatment groups namely, wildtype control + distilled water (normal control), A4gnt KO mice + distilled water (untreated control), and A4gnt KO mice + 100 mg/kg Laminaran. After 3 weeks, the stomach was removed and examined for morphology and gene expression patterns. In contrast to the untreated control group, administration of Laminaran substantially attenuated gastric dysplasia development and counterbalanced the increased induction in cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, Laminaran treatment effectively overcame the A4gnt KO-induced alteration in the gene expression profile of selected cytokines as revealed by real-time PCR analysis. Collectively, our present findings indicate that β-glucan can potentially restrain the development of gastric dysplasia to mediate their tissue-preserving activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Joseph Desamero
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - James Kenn Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaya Takamoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kyuwa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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39
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Yamanoi K, Ishii K, Tsukamoto M, Asaka S, Nakayama J. Gastric gland mucin-specific O-glycan expression decreases as tumor cells progress from lobular endocervical gland hyperplasia to cervical mucinous carcinoma, gastric type. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:305-311. [PMID: 29845361 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastric gland mucin-specific O-glycans are unique in having α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) attached to MUC6. We previously reported decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 in gastric and pancreatic neoplasms, but its significance in cervical glandular lesions remained unclear. Here, we analyzed MUC5AC, MUC6, αGlcNAc, and p16 expression in 9 lesions of mucinous carcinoma, gastric type with minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (GAS-MDA), 5 of GAS with nonMDA (GAS-nonMDA), 14 of typical lobular endocervical gland hyperplasia (LEGH), and 5 of atypical LEGH (33 total lesions). All 33 were MUC5AC-positive. Moreover, all 14 typical LEGH, 5 atypical LEGH, 8 of 9 GAS-MDA, and 3 of 5 GAS-nonMDA were MUC6-positive. All 14 typical LEGH, 2 of 5 atypical LEGH, 3 of 9 GAS-MDA, and 1 of 5 GAS-nonMDA were αGlcNAc-positive. The proportion of αGlcNAc-positive atypical LEGH or GAS-MDA or GAS-nonMDA lesions was significantly smaller than that seen in typical LEGH lesions (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Of 33 lesions, 32 were p16-negative. Furthermore, when we evaluated MUC6 and αGlcNAc immunoreactivity semi-quantitatively in all 33 lesions, in typical LEGH and GAS-MDA, the immunohistochemical score for αGlcNAc was significantly lower than that for MUC6 (P < 0.01). We did not observe significantly decreased αGlcNAc expression relative to MUC6 in typical LEGH lesions. These studies suggest that αGlcNAc expression decreases as typical LEGH progresses to GAS. Given the difficulty in distinguishing MDA and atypical LEGH from typical LEGH in H.E. staining, we propose that immunohistochemical analysis of αGlcNAc and MUC6 could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Okaya City Hospital, Okaya, 394-8512, Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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40
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Reduced αGlcNAc glycosylation on gastric gland mucin is a biomarker of malignant potential for gastric cancer, Barrett’s adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:569-575. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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41
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Goso Y, Sugaya T, Ishihara K, Kurihara M. Comparison of Methods to Release Mucin-Type O-Glycans for Glycomic Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8870-8876. [PMID: 28723077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are one of the most common glycans attached to proteins. To develop an optimized glycomic analysis protocol, O-glycans were released from glycoproteins using hydrazine, ammonia, or sodium hydroxide treatment, followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to evaluate O-glycan release. We found that porcine gastric mucin or bovine fetuin treated at 60 °C for 6 h with hydrazine gas in the presence of malonic acid yielded O-glycans with only a small amount of degraded, so-called "peeled" products. Ammonia treatment also yielded intact O-glycans but with additional peeled products containing GlcNAc at the reducing end. In contrast, sodium hydroxide treatment yielded mainly peeled glycans, including those containing GlcNAc at the reducing end. Importantly, O-glycans obtained from rat gastric mucin treated with hydrazine and labeled with anthranilic acid had a nearly identical profile following hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as permethylated O-glycan alditols analyzed by mass spectroscopy. Taken together, the data suggest that glycan release using hydrazine treatment, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography after fluorescent labeling, is a suitable method for glycomic analysis of mucin-type O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tsukiko Sugaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences , Minami-uonuma 949-7241, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology , Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
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42
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Ohya A, Yamanoi K, Shimojo H, Fujii C, Nakayama J. Gastric gland mucin-specific O-glycan expression decreases with tumor progression from precursor lesions to pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1897-1902. [PMID: 28685935 PMCID: PMC5581519 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is lethal, as it is often detected late. Thus, novel biomarkers of precursor lesions are needed to devise timely therapies. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) are major precursors of pancreatic cancer. In normal gastric mucosa, gastric gland mucin‐specific O‐glycans are unique in having α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues attached to MUC6. Recently we reported that αGlcNAc functions as a tumor suppressor for differentiated‐type gastric adenocarcinoma (Karasawa et al., J Clin Invest 122, 923, 2012). MUC6 is also expressed in pancreatic neoplasms, including PanIN and IPMN, but the role of αGlcNAc expression in pancreatic neoplasms remains unknown. Here, we analyze expression patterns of αGlcNAc, MUC6 and MUC5AC in pancreatic neoplasms and compare them with progression from PanIN to invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (IDAC) (the PanIN‐IDAC sequence; 20 cases) and from IPMN to IPMN with associated invasive carcinoma (IPMNAIC) (the IPMN‐IPMNAIC sequence; 20 cases). At both sequences, the frequency of MUC6‐positive and αGlcNAc‐positive lesions decreased with tumor progression. We then compared expression levels of αGlcNAc and MUC6 at each step of the progression. At the PanIN‐IDAC sequence, αGlcNAc expression significantly decreased relative to MUC6 in low‐grade PanIN (P = 0.021), high‐grade PanIN/intraductal spread of IDAC (P = 0.031) and IDAC (P = 0.013). At the IPMN‐IPMNAIC sequence, decreased αGlcNAc expression was also observed in low‐grade IPMN exhibiting gastric‐type morphology (P = 0.020). These results suggest that decreased expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 occurs early and marks the initiation of tumor progression to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ohya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shimojo
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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43
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Jin C, Kenny DT, Skoog EC, Padra M, Adamczyk B, Vitizeva V, Thorell A, Venkatakrishnan V, Lindén SK, Karlsson NG. Structural Diversity of Human Gastric Mucin Glycans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:743-758. [PMID: 28461410 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.067983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. The rational of the present study was to map the O-glycosylation that the pathogen may come in contact with. An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. The majority of gastric O-glycans were neutral and fucosylated. Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. Furthemore, each individual carried 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual. The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diarmuid T Kenny
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma C Skoog
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Médea Padra
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Varvara Vitizeva
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- §Karolinska Institute, Department for Clinical Science and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- From the ‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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44
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Jin C, Kenny DT, Skoog EC, Padra M, Adamczyk B, Vitizeva V, Thorell A, Venkatakrishnan V, Lindén SK, Karlsson NG. Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:mcp.M117.067983. [PMID: 28289177 PMCID: PMC5417818 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m117.067983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. The rational of the present study was to map the O-glycosylation that the pathogen may come in contact with. An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. The majority of gastric O-glycans were neutral and fucosylated. Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. Furthemore, each individual carried 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual. The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
| | - Diarmuid T Kenny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
| | - Emma C Skoog
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
| | - Medéa Padra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
| | - Varvara Vitizeva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Karolinska Institute, Department for Clinical Science and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Sweden
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,, Sweden
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45
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Protein glycosylation in gastric and colorectal cancers: Toward cancer detection and targeted therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2017; 387:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Sinha J, Cao Z, Dai J, Tang H, Partyka K, Hostetter G, Simeone DM, Feng Z, Allen PJ, Brand RE, Haab BB. A Gastric Glycoform of MUC5AC Is a Biomarker of Mucinous Cysts of the Pancreas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167070. [PMID: 27992432 PMCID: PMC5167232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular indicators to specify the risk posed by a pancreatic cyst would benefit patients. Previously we showed that most cancer-precursor cysts, termed mucinous cysts, produce abnormal glycoforms of the proteins MUC5AC and endorepellin. Here we sought to validate the glycoforms as a biomarker of mucinous cysts and to specify the oligosaccharide linkages that characterize MUC5AC. We hypothesized that mucinous cysts secrete MUC5AC displaying terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in either alpha or beta linkage. We used antibody-lectin sandwich assays to detect glycoforms of MUC5AC and endorepellin in cyst fluid samples from three independent cohorts of 49, 32, and 66 patients, and we used monoclonal antibodies to test for terminal, alpha-linked GlcNAc and the enzyme that produces it. A biomarker panel comprising the previously-identified glycoforms of MUC5AC and endorepellin gave 96%, 96%, and 87% accuracy for identifying mucinous cysts in the three cohorts with an average sensitivity of 92% and an average specificity of 94%. Glycan analysis showed that MUC5AC produced by a subset of mucinous cysts displays terminal alpha-GlcNAc, a motif expressed in stomach glands. The alpha-linked glycoform of MUC5AC was unique to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), whereas terminal beta-linked GlcNAc was increased in both IPMNs and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN). The enzyme that synthesizes alpha-GlcNAc, A4GNT, was expressed in the epithelia of mucinous cysts that expressed alpha-GlcNAc, especially in regions with high-grade dysplasia. Thus IPMNs secrete a gastric glycoform of MUC5AC that displays terminal alpha-GlcNAc, and the combined alpha-GlcNAc and beta-GlcNAc glycoforms form an accurate biomarker of mucinous cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sinha
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Zheng Cao
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Jianliang Dai
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Huiyuan Tang
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Katie Partyka
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Simeone
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ziding Feng
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Allen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Randall E. Brand
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Brian B. Haab
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
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47
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Chimuro T, Kuroyama H, Goso Y, Ishihara K, Kurihara M. Discrimination of rat Brunner's gland carbohydrate antigens by site-specific monoclonal antibodies. Carbohydr Res 2016; 432:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Gao N, Bergstrom K, Fu J, Xie B, Chen W, Xia L. Loss of intestinal O-glycans promotes spontaneous duodenal tumors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G74-83. [PMID: 27229122 PMCID: PMC4967177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00060.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans, primarily core 1- and core 3-derived O-glycans, are the major mucus barrier components throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Previous reports identified the biological role of O-glycans in the stomach and colon. However, the biological function of O-glycans in the small intestine remains unknown. Using mice lacking intestinal core 1- and core 3-derived O-glycans [intestinal epithelial cell C1galt1(-/-);C3GnT(-/-) or double knockout (DKO)], we found that loss of O-glycans predisposes DKO mice to spontaneous duodenal tumorigenesis by ∼1 yr of age. Tumor incidence did not increase with age; however, tumors advanced in aggressiveness by 20 mo. O-glycan deficiency was associated with reduced luminal mucus in DKO mice before tumor development. Altered intestinal epithelial homeostasis with enhanced baseline crypt proliferation characterizes these phenotypes as assayed by Ki67 staining. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis reveals a significantly lower bacterial burden in the duodenum compared with the large intestine. This phenotype is not reduced with antibiotic treatment, implying O-glycosylation defects, rather than bacterial-induced inflammation, which causes spontaneous duodenal tumorigenesis. Moreover, inflammatory responses in DKO duodenal mucosa are mild as assayed with histology, quantitative PCR for inflammation-associated cytokines, and immunostaining for immune cells. Importantly, inducible deletion of intestinal O-glycans in adult mice leads to analogous spontaneous duodenal tumors, although with higher incidence and heightened severity compared with mice with O-glycans constitutive deletion. In conclusion, these studies reveal O-glycans within the small intestine are critical determinants of duodenal cancer risk. Future studies will provide insights into the pathogenesis in the general population and those at risk for this rare but deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- The Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and
| | - Biao Xie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and
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49
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Malonic acid suppresses mucin-type O-glycan degradation during hydrazine treatment of glycoproteins. Anal Biochem 2016; 496:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Yamada S, Okamura T, Kobayashi S, Tanaka E, Nakayama J. Reduced gland mucin-specific O-glycan in gastric atrophy: A possible risk factor for differentiated-type adenocarcinoma of the stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1478-84. [PMID: 25967588 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS O-glycans exhibiting terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) are attached to MUC6 in gastric gland mucins and serve as a tumor suppressor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric atrophy is associated with risk for gastric cancer. However, the significance of αGlcNAc expression in pyloric glands of chronic atrophic gastritis remains unknown. Here, we asked whether reduced αGlcNAc expression in chronic atrophic gastritis is associated with risk for gastric cancer. METHODS We quantitatively analyzed expression of αGlcNAc relative to MUC6 in pyloric glands by immunohistochemistry in 67 patients with normal mucosa, 70 with chronic atrophic gastritis, 68 with intramucosal differentiated-type adenocarcinoma, and 11 with intramucosal undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma. We also compared the Ki-67 labeling index in gastric epithelial cells between chronic atrophic gastritis and normal gastric mucosa with respect to αGlcNAc reduction. RESULTS In normal pyloric mucosa, αGlcNAc was co-expressed with MUC6. By contrast, in chronic atrophic gastritis, pyloric gland αGlcNAc expression was significantly reduced relative to MUC6. In intramucosal gastric cancer, αGlcNAc expression in pyloric glands found just beneath differentiated-type adenocarcinoma was also reduced relative to MUC6. However, pyloric glands present beneath undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma exhibited no αGlcNAc decrease. The Ki-67 labeling index in chronic atrophic gastritis showing αGlcNAc reduction was significantly increased relative to that in normal gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Because αGlcNAc prevents the gastric cancer development, reduced αGlcNAc expression in chronic atrophic gastritis is a possible risk factor for differentiated-type adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Okamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Iiyama Red Cross Hospital, Iiyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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