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Amini A, Klenerman P, Provine NM. Role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine immunogenicity. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 67:101412. [PMID: 38838550 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an unconventional T cell population that are highly abundant in humans. They possess a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that recognises microbial metabolites formed during riboflavin biosynthesis, presented on a nonpolymorphic MHC-like molecule MR1. MAIT cells possess an array of effector functions, including type 1, type 17, and tissue repair activity. Deployment of these functions depends on the stimuli they receive through their TCR and/or cytokine receptors. Strong cytokine signalling, such as in response to vaccination, can bypass TCR triggering and provokes a strong proinflammatory response. Although data are still emerging, multiple aspects of MAIT cell biology are associated with modulation of immunity induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccines. In this review, we will address how MAIT cells may play a role in immunogenicity of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how these cells can be harnessed as cellular adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amini
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine - Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine - Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicholas M Provine
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
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2
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Zhang B, Chen P, Zhu J, Lu Y. The quantity, function and anti-tumor effect of Mucosal associated invariant T cells in patients with bladder cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:111892. [PMID: 38663315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC), a prevalent malignancy in the urinary system, often poses challenges for effective treatment. Immunotherapy, harnessing the immune system, has exhibited promise in early-stage clinical trials. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subset of immune cells implicated in various diseases, including certain cancer, have yet to be explored in BC patients. We aimed to investigate the quantity, function, and anti-tumor effects of MAIT cells in BC patients. METHODS A total of 75 newly diagnosed BC patients and 183 healthy volunteers were included. Blood samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate the quantity and function of MAIT cells. Surgical resection provided BC tissues for further analysis, and the clinical features of BC tumors were collected and their relationship with MAIT cells was explored. RESULTS MAIT cells were identified in both healthy individuals and BC patients. The proportion of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood of BC patients did not significantly differ from that of healthy controls. However, the study revealed a correlation between the proportion of IFN-γ producing MAIT cells and tumor number and invasion in BC patients. Furthermore, MAIT cells exhibited cytotoxic effects on BC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the role of MAIT cells in BC. While the quantity of MAIT cells showed no significant change in BC patients, their functional attributes and association with tumor characteristics suggest their potential as an immunotherapy target in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yongyong Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Xiao MH, Wu S, Liang P, Ma D, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhong Z, Liu J, Jiang H, Feng X, Luo Z. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells promote ductular reaction through amphiregulin in biliary atresia. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105138. [PMID: 38678809 PMCID: PMC11077624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal fibro-inflammatory cholangiopathy with ductular reaction as a key pathogenic feature predicting poor survival. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are enriched in human liver and display multiple roles in liver diseases. We aimed to investigate the function of MAIT cells in BA. METHODS First, we analyzed correlations between liver MAIT cell and clinical parameters (survival, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, histological inflammation and fibrosis) in two public cohorts of patients with BA (US and China). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and spearman correlation analysis were employed for survival data and other clinical parameters, respectively. Next, we obtained liver samples or peripheral blood from BA and control patients for bulk RNA sequencing, flow cytometry analysis, immunostaning and functional experiments of MAIT cells. Finally, we established two in vitro co-culture systems, one is the rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infected co-culture system to model immune dysfunction of human BA which was validated by single cell RNA sequencing and the other is a multicellular system composed of biliary organoids, LX-2 and MAIT cells to evaluate the role of MAIT cells on ductular reaction. FINDINGS Liver MAIT cells in BA were positively associated with low survival and ductular reaction. Moreover, liver MAIT cells were activated, exhibited a wound healing signature and highly expressed growth factor Amphiregulin (AREG) in a T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent manner. Antagonism of AREG abrogated the proliferative effect of BA MAIT cells on both cholangiocytes and biliary organoids. A RRV infected co-culture system, recapitulated immune dysfunction of human BA, disclosed that RRV-primed MAIT cells promoted cholangiocyte proliferation via AREG, and further induced inflammation and fibrosis in the multicellular system. INTERPRETATION MAIT cells exhibit a wound healing signature depending on TCR signaling and promote ductular reaction via AREG, which is associated with advanced fibrosis and predictive of low survival in BA. FUNDING This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China grant (82001589 and 92168108), National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1801600) and by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong (2020A1515110921).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Huan Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Sihan Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Peishi Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huadong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhihai Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xuyang Feng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Fazzone B, Anderson EM, Rozowsky JM, Yu X, O’Malley KA, Robinson S, Scali ST, Cai G, Berceli SA. Short-Term Dietary Restriction Potentiates an Anti-Inflammatory Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cell Response. Nutrients 2024; 16:1245. [PMID: 38674935 PMCID: PMC11053749 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-term protein-calorie dietary restriction (StDR) is a promising preoperative strategy for modulating postoperative inflammation. We have previously shown marked gut microbial activity during StDR, but relationships between StDR, the gut microbiome, and systemic immunity remain poorly understood. Mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAITs) are enriched on mucosal surfaces and in circulation, bridge innate and adaptive immunity, are sensitive to gut microbial changes, and may mediate systemic responses to StDR. Herein, we characterized the MAIT transcriptomic response to StDR using single-cell RNA sequencing of human PBMCs and evaluated gut microbial species-level changes through sequencing of stool samples. Healthy volunteers underwent 4 days of DR during which blood and stool samples were collected before, during, and after DR. MAITs composed 2.4% of PBMCs. More MAIT genes were differentially downregulated during DR, particularly genes associated with MAIT activation (CD69), regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling (IL1, IL6, IL10, TNFα), and T-cell co-stimulation (CD40/CD40L, CD28), whereas genes associated with anti-inflammatory IL10 signaling were upregulated. Stool analysis showed a decreased abundance of multiple MAIT-stimulating Bacteroides species during DR. The analyses suggest that StDR potentiates an anti-inflammatory MAIT immunophenotype through modulation of TCR-dependent signaling, potentially secondary to gut microbial species-level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fazzone
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Erik M. Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Jared M. Rozowsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Xuanxuan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Kerri A. O’Malley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Scott Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Salvatore T. Scali
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (B.F.); (E.M.A.); (K.A.O.); (S.R.); (S.T.S.)
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Yigit M, Basoglu OF, Unutmaz D. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in cancer: dual roles, complex interactions and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369236. [PMID: 38545100 PMCID: PMC10965779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play diverse roles in cancer, infectious diseases, and immunotherapy. This review explores their intricate involvement in cancer, from early detection to their dual functions in promoting inflammation and mediating anti-tumor responses. Within the solid tumor microenvironment (TME), MAIT cells can acquire an 'exhausted' state and secrete tumor-promoting cytokines. On the other hand, MAIT cells are highly cytotoxic, and there is evidence that they may have an anti-tumor immune response. The frequency of MAIT cells and their subsets has also been shown to have prognostic value in several cancer types. Recent innovative approaches, such as programming MAIT cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), provide a novel and exciting approach to utilizing these cells in cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Because MAIT cells have a restricted T cell receptor (TCR) and recognize a common antigen, this also mitigates potential graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and opens the possibility of using allogeneic MAIT cells as off-the-shelf cell therapies in cancer. Additionally, we outline the interactions of MAIT cells with the microbiome and their critical role in infectious diseases and how this may impact the tumor responses of these cells. Understanding these complex roles can lead to novel therapeutic strategies harnessing the targeting capabilities of MAIT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Yigit
- Human Immunology Laboratory, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Basoglu
- Human Immunology Laboratory, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
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Satoh M, Iwabuchi K. Contribution of NKT cells and CD1d-expressing cells in obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365843. [PMID: 38426085 PMCID: PMC10902011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cell are members of the innate-like T lymphocytes and recognizes lipid antigens presented by CD1d-expressing cells. Obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) leads to metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. When cellular communication is properly regulated among AT-residing immune cells and adipocytes during inflammation, a favorable balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses is achieved. NKT cells play crucial roles in AT inflammation, influencing the development of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. NKT cells interact with CD1d-expressing cells in AT, such as adipocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, shaping pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory microenvironments with distinct characteristics depending on the antigen-presenting cells. Additionally, CD1d may be involved in the inflammatory process independently of NKT cells. In this mini-review, we provide a brief overview of the current understanding of the interaction between immune cells, focusing on NKT cells and CD1d signaling, which control AT inflammation both in the presence and absence of NKT cells. We aim to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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7
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Liu J, Joseph S, Manohar K, Lee J, Brokaw JP, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Role of innate T cells in necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357483. [PMID: 38390341 PMCID: PMC10881895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a destructive gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting preterm babies. Despite advancements in neonatal care, NEC remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units worldwide and the etiology of NEC is still unclear. Risk factors for NEC include prematurity, very low birth weight, feeding with formula, intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial infection. A review of the literature would suggest that supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics prevents NEC by altering the immune responses. Innate T cells, a highly conserved subpopulation of T cells that responds quickly to stimulation, develops differently from conventional T cells in neonates. This review aims to provide a succinct overview of innate T cells in neonates, encompassing their phenotypic characteristics, functional roles, likely involvement in the pathogenesis of NEC, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon Joseph
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John P. Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - W. Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Troy A. Markel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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8
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Li Y, Li C, Wang Q, Ye YJ, Jiang KW. Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of multiple primary colorectal cancers reveals intratumor heterogeneity and a distinct immune microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111276. [PMID: 38016348 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reported on the intratumor genomic and immunological heterogeneity of different tumor lesions from a single patient with multiple primary colorectal cancer (MPCC). The goal of this study was to explore the molecular and microenvironment characteristics of tumor lesions from different primary sites in a patient with MPCC. A total of three tumor lesions located in the hepatic flexure of the transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum were collected from a 72-year-old male patient with MPCC. All three tumor samples were examined by using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The transcriptome data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon cancer (COAD) dataset were explored to characterize the biological impacts of certain immune cells. Only three nonsynonymous mutations were shared by all of the tumor lesions, whereas a number of single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variation (CNV) mutations were shared by tumor samples from the sigmoid colon and rectum. Transcriptomic analysis showed that tumor lesions derived from the transverse colon had decreased levels of RTK, ERK, and AKT pathway activity, thus suggesting lower oncogenic properties in the transverse lesion compared to the other two samples. Further immune landscape evaluation by using single-cell transcriptomic analysis displayed significant intratumor heterogeneity in MPCC. Specifically, more abundant mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell infiltration was found in transverse colon tumor lesions. Afterwards, we found that higher MAIT cell infiltration may correlate with a better prognosis of patients with colon cancer (immunohistochemical status was MSI-L/pMMR) by using a publicly available TCGA dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Ambulatory Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying-Jiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ke-Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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Jiang Y, Gong F. Immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment under physiological and obese conditions. Endocrine 2024; 83:10-25. [PMID: 37768512 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will focus on the immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment and their regulatory roles in metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body under physiological and obese conditions. METHODS This review used PubMed searches of current literature to examine adipose tissue immune cells and cytokines, as well as the complex interactions between them. RESULTS Aside from serving as a passive energy depot, adipose tissue has shown specific immunological function. Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with a large number of immune cells and cytokines, whose physiological regulation plays a crucial role for metabolic homeostasis. However, obesity causes pro-inflammatory alterations in these adipose tissue immune cells, which have detrimental effects on metabolism and increase the susceptibility of individuals to the obesity related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with various immune cells and cytokines, which regulate metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body, whether under physiological or obese conditions. Targeting key immune cells and cytokines in adipose tissue microenvironment for obesity treatment becomes an attractive research point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Zhang X, Gao L, Meng H, Zhang A, Liang Y, Lu J. Obesity alters immunopathology in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13638. [PMID: 37724622 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is strongly associated with multiple immunological diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent animal studies revealed that obesity-induced immunological changes worsen immune-driven diseases and cause resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the role of obesity in the immunopathology and treatment responses of cancers, respiratory and allergic diseases, and IL-17-mediated inflammatory diseases. We summarize the unique features of the inflammatory state of these diseases, which are orchestrated by obesity. In particular, obesity alters the immune landscape in cancers with a reprogrammed metabolic profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Obesity exacerbates airway inflammation by dysregulating multiple immune-cell subsets. Obesity also dysregulates Th17, IL-17-producing mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and γδ T cells, which contribute to IL-17-mediated inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. By identifying the effects of obesity on immunological diseases, new strategies could be devised to target immune dysregulation caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Wei L, Chen Z, Lv Q. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells display both pathogenic and protective roles in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1819-1827. [PMID: 37819474 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
An important subtype of the innate-like T lymphocytes is mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor α (TCR-α) chain. MAIT cells could be activated mainly by TCR engagement or cytokines. They have been found to have essential roles in various immune mediated. There have been growing preclinical and clinical findings that show an association between MAIT cells and the physiopathology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Of note, published reports demonstrate contradictory findings regarding the role of MAIT cells in IBD patients. A number of reports suggests a protective effect, whereas others show a pathogenic impact. The present review article aimed to explore and discuss the findings of experimental and clinical investigations evaluating the effects of MAIT cells in IBD subjects and animal models. Findings indicate that MAIT cells could exert opposite effects in the course of IBD, including an anti-inflammatory protective effect of blood circulating MAIT cells and an effector pathogenic effect of colonic MAIT cells. Another important finding is that blood levels of MAIT cells can be considered as a potential biomarker in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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叶 潇, 宋 迎, 赵 瑜, 朱 大. [Cold stimulation promotes interleukin-4 secretion by mucosal-associated invariant T cells in the adipose tissue to promote adipose browning in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1881-1885. [PMID: 38081605 PMCID: PMC10713470 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the regulatory mechanism of adipose browning. METHODS A mouse model with functional deficiency of MAIT cells was established for comparison with the wild-type mice for levels of brown adipose tissue markers in response to cold stimulation using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in the number, activation level and cytokine secretion ability of MAIT cells in mouse adipose tissue after cold stimulation. In a co-culture system of MAIT cells and adipocytes, the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) blocking antibodies on the expressions of brown adipose tissue markers in the adipocytes was evaluated using Western blotting and RT-PCR. In a mouse model of MAIT cell deficiency, the changes in adipose browning-related indicators in response to cold stimulation were analyzed using metabolic cages, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and the Seahorse method. RESULTS In both the mouse models of functional deficiency of MAIT cells and wild-type mice, cold stimulation significantly increased the expression levels of brown adipose tissue markers UCP-1 and PGC1-α and upregulated CD69 and IL-4 expressions in the adipose tissue without significantly affecting the number of MAIT cells in the adipose tissue. In the coculture experiment, the adipocytes showed obviously increased browning level after co-culture with MAIT cells (P < 0.05), but blocking IL-4 signaling strongly downregulated the browning level (P < 0.05). The MAIT cell-deficient mice showed obviously lower levels of energy expenditure, adipose browning and metabolism of the adipocytes compared with the wild-type mice in response to cold stimulation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MAIT cells participate in adipose browning in mice, and cold stimulation promotes MAIT cell secretion of IL-4 to positively regulate adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- 潇 叶
- 南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院内分泌科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- 浙江省人民医院内分泌科(杭州医学院附属人民医院),浙江 杭州 310014Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - 迎香 宋
- 浙江省人民医院内分泌科(杭州医学院附属人民医院),浙江 杭州 310014Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - 瑜 赵
- 浙江省人民医院内分泌科(杭州医学院附属人民医院),浙江 杭州 310014Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - 大龙 朱
- 南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院内分泌科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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13
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Chengalroyen MD. Current Perspectives and Challenges of MAIT Cell-Directed Therapy for Tuberculosis Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1343. [PMID: 38003807 PMCID: PMC10675005 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a distinct population of non-conventional T cells that have been preserved through evolution and possess properties of both innate and adaptive immune cells. They are activated through the recognition of antigens presented by non-polymorphic MR1 proteins or, alternately, can be stimulated by specific cytokines. These cells are multifaceted and exert robust antimicrobial activity against bacterial and viral infections, direct the immune response through the modulation of other immune cells, and exhibit a specialized tissue homeostasis and repair function. These distinct characteristics have instigated interest in MAIT cell biology for immunotherapy and vaccine development. This review describes the current understanding of MAIT cell activation, their role in infections and diseases with an emphasis on tuberculosis (TB) infection, and perspectives on the future use of MAIT cells in immune-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Chengalroyen
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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14
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Konecny AJ, Shows DM, Lord JD. Colonic mucosal associated invariant T cells in Crohn's disease have a diverse and non-public T cell receptor beta chain repertoire. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285918. [PMID: 37922286 PMCID: PMC10624325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are T cells with a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR), recognizing riboflavin precursors presented by a non-polymorphic MR1 molecule. As these precursors are produced by the gut microbiome, we characterized the frequency, phenotype and clonality of MAIT cells in human colons with and without Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS The transcriptome of MAIT cells sorted from blood and intestinal lamina propria cells from colectomy recipients were compared with other CD8+ T cells. Colon biopsies from an additional ten CD patients and ten healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by flow cytometry. TCR genes were sequenced from individual MAIT cells from these biopsies and compared with those of MAIT cells from autologous blood. RESULTS MAIT cells in the blood and colon showed a transcriptome distinct from other CD8 T cells, with more expression of the IL-23 receptor. MAIT cells were enriched in the colons of CD patients, with less NKG2D in inflamed versus uninflamed segments. Regardless of disease, most MAIT cells expressed integrin α4β7 in the colon but not in the blood, where they were enriched for α4β7 expression. TCR sequencing revealed heterogeneity in the colon and blood, with few public sequences associated with cohorts. CONCLUSION MAIT cells are enriched in the colons of CD patients and disproportionately express molecules (IL-23R, integrin α4β7) targeted by CD therapeutics, to suggest a pathogenic role for them in CD. Public TCR sequences were neither common nor sufficiently restricted to a cohort to suggest protective or pathogenic antigen-specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Konecny
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Shows
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - James D. Lord
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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15
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Qi X, Li Z, Han J, Liu W, Xia P, Cai X, Liu X, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P. Multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity-related complications: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13621. [PMID: 37583087 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue, accompanied by pronounced insulin resistance and metabolic anomalies. It affects almost all body organs and eventually leads to diseases such as fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recently, T cells have emerged as interesting therapeutic targets because the dysfunction of T cells and their cytokines in the adipose tissue is implicated in obesity-induced inflammation and their complicated onset. Although several recent narrative reviews have provided a brief overview of related evidence in this area, they have mainly focused on either obesity-associated T cell metabolism or modulation of T cell activation in obesity. Moreover, at present, no published review has reported on the multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity-related complications, even though there has been a significant increase in studies on this topic since 2019. Therefore, this narrative review aims to comprehensively summarize current advances in the mechanistic roles of T cells in the development of obesity and its related complications. Further, we aim to discuss relevant drugs for weight loss as well as the contradictory role of T cells in the same disease so as to highlight key findings regarding this topic and provide a valid basis for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Qi
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiashu Han
- MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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16
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Litvinova E, Bounaix C, Hanouna G, Da Silva J, Noailles L, Beaudoin L, Padden M, Bellamri N, Lehuen A, Daugas E, Monteiro RC, Flament H. MAIT cells altered phenotype and cytotoxicity in lupus patients are linked to renal disease severity and outcome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205405. [PMID: 37885889 PMCID: PMC10598677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which circulating immune complexes can cause different types of glomerulonephritis, according to immune deposits and to the type of glomerular cell injury. Proliferative lesions represent the most severe form of lupus nephritis (LN) and often lead to kidney failure and death. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells that recognize microbial-derived ligands from the riboflavin synthesis pathway. Although abundant in peripheral blood, MAIT cells are enriched in mucosal and inflamed tissues. While previous studies have reported concordant results concerning lower MAIT cell frequencies in the blood of SLE patients, no information is known about MAIT cell function and LN severity and outcome. Methods In the current study, we analyzed the baseline phenotype and function of peripheral blood MAIT cells by flow cytometry in 26 patients with LN and in a control group of 16 healthy individuals. Results We observe that MAIT cell frequencies are markedly reduced in blood of LN patients. MAIT cells from patients have an altered phenotype in terms of migration, proliferation and differentiation markers, notably in most severe forms of LN. Frequencies of PMA/ionomycin stimulated MAIT cells secreting effector molecules, such as proinflammatory IL-17 and cytotoxic protein granzyme B, are higher in LN patients. Patients undergoing a complete renal remission after immunosuppressive therapy had higher MAIT cell frequency, lower expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 and granzyme B (GzB) at inclusion. Remarkably, GzB production defines a predictive model for complete remission. Discussion We report here that blood MAIT cells display proinflammatory and cytotoxic function in severe lupus nephritis which may play a pathogenesis role, but without association with systemic lupus activity. Finally, low cytotoxic profile of MAIT cells may represent a promising prognostic factor of lupus nephritis remission one year after induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Litvinova
- Service d’Immunologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Carine Bounaix
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hanouna
- Service de Néphrologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Da Silva
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Laura Noailles
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Beaudoin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1016, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Michael Padden
- Service de Néphrologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Nessrine Bellamri
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1016, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Eric Daugas
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Renato C. Monteiro
- Service d’Immunologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Flament
- Service d’Immunologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1149 & Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) équipe mixte de recherche (EMR)8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
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17
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Al-Hawary SIS, Tayyib NA, Ramaiah P, Parra RMR, Ibrahim AJ, Mustafa YF, Hussien BM, Alsulami SA, Baljon KJ, Nomani I. Functions of LncRNAs, exosomes derived MSCs and immune regulatory molecules in preeclampsia disease. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154795. [PMID: 37774533 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Modulatory signaling pathway such as T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), P53 signaling and TIM (T-cell immunoglobin and mucin domain) are important in normal pregnancy and loss of their functions or dysregulation of related genes can lead to some disorders. Inflammation is a process by which your body's white blood cells and the things they make protect you from infection from outside invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. Some cellular and molecular signaling have been categorized to demonstrate the mechanism that protects tolerance to antigens. lncRNAs significantly impact physiological processes like immunity and metabolism, and are linked to tumors, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system disorders, and nephropathy.In this review article, we summarized recent studies about the role of TIGIT, CTLA-4, P53 and TIM regulatory molecules and reviewed dysregulation of these pathway in diseases.We will also talk about the role of lncRNAs and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sana A Alsulami
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm al, Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ibtesam Nomani
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm al, Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Shemtov SJ, Emani R, Bielska O, Covarrubias AJ, Verdin E, Andersen JK, Winer DA. The intestinal immune system and gut barrier function in obesity and ageing. FEBS J 2023; 290:4163-4186. [PMID: 35727858 PMCID: PMC9768107 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ageing predispose to numerous, yet overlapping chronic diseases. For example, metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Low-grade chronic inflammation of tissues, such as the liver, visceral adipose tissue and neurological tissues, is considered a significant contributor to these chronic diseases. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to understand what drives this inflammation in affected tissues. Recent evidence, especially in the context of obesity, suggests that the intestine plays an important role as the gatekeeper of inflammatory stimuli that ultimately fuels low-grade chronic tissue inflammation. In addition to metabolic diseases, abnormalities in the intestinal mucosal barrier have been linked to a range of other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as neurodegeneration and ageing. The flow of inflammatory stimuli from the gut is in part controlled by local immunological inputs impacting the intestinal barrier. Here, we will review the impact of obesity and ageing on the intestinal immune system and its downstream consequences on gut barrier function, which is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and age-related diseases. In particular, we will discuss the effects of age-related intestinal dysfunction on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Shemtov
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Rohini Emani
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Olga Bielska
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anthony J. Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Julie K. Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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19
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Li JH, Hepworth MR, O'Sullivan TE. Regulation of systemic metabolism by tissue-resident immune cell circuits. Immunity 2023; 56:1168-1186. [PMID: 37315533 PMCID: PMC10321269 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that tissue homeostasis and metabolic function are dependent on distinct tissue-resident immune cells that form functional cell circuits with structural cells. Within these cell circuits, immune cells integrate cues from dietary contents and commensal microbes in addition to endocrine and neuronal signals present in the tissue microenvironment to regulate structural cell metabolism. These tissue-resident immune circuits can become dysregulated during inflammation and dietary overnutrition, contributing to metabolic diseases. Here, we review the evidence describing key cellular networks within and between the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and adipose tissue that control systemic metabolism and how these cell circuits become dysregulated during certain metabolic diseases. We also identify open questions in the field that have the potential to enhance our understanding of metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA.
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20
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Kedia-Mehta N, Pisarska MM, Rollings C, O'Neill C, De Barra C, Foley C, Wood NAW, Wrigley-Kelly N, Veerapen N, Besra G, Bergin R, Jones N, O'Shea D, Sinclair LV, Hogan AE. The proliferation of human mucosal-associated invariant T cells requires a MYC-SLC7A5-glycolysis metabolic axis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo2709. [PMID: 37071733 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of innate T cells that recognize bacterial ligands and play a key role in host protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Upon activation, MAIT cells undergo proliferative expansion and increase their production of effector molecules such as cytokines. In this study, we found that both mRNA and protein abundance of the key metabolism regulator and transcription factor MYC was increased in stimulated MAIT cells. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified the activation of two MYC-controlled metabolic pathways, amino acid transport and glycolysis, both of which were necessary for MAIT cell proliferation. Last, we showed that MAIT cells isolated from people with obesity showed decreased MYC mRNA abundance upon activation, which was associated with defective MAIT cell proliferation and functional responses. Collectively, our data uncover the importance of MYC-regulated metabolism for MAIT cell proliferation and provide additional insight into the molecular basis for the functional defects of MAIT cells in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kedia-Mehta
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Marta M Pisarska
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Christina Rollings
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chloe O'Neill
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | | | - Cathriona Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicole A W Wood
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Neil Wrigley-Kelly
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
- University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Gurdyal Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ronan Bergin
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Donal O'Shea
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
- University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Linda V Sinclair
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
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21
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Hu Q, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang B, Wang X, Wang T. Neonatal cytokines associated with infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:102-107. [PMID: 36935337 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of childhood overweight and obesity has been increasing in recent years. Immune dysregulation has been demonstrated as a condition related to childhood obesity. Whether the neonatal immune status is related to infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age is unclear. METHODS To explore the relationship between neonatal cytokines and infant overweight and obesity, we conducted a prospective study in Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 2015 to 2016. 514 neonates were recruited and their dried blood spots were collected after birth. Infants were grouped into normal size groups and overweight and obesity groups based on BMI at 1 year of age. 27 neonatal cytokines levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS 370 infants were included in final analysis. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), interleukin-17A (IL17A) and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels were independently associated with childhood overweight and obesity (OR =1.27, 95%CI 1.03, 1.57; OR =1.29, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.60; OR =0.69, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.96). Additionally, neonatal GCSF and IL17A levels were positively associated with increased BMI (β = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.19; β = 0.07, 95%CI 0.01, 013) and BMI z-scores (β = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.18; β = 0.06, 95%CI 0.01, 0.13). Neonatal PDGF-BB levels were negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.23, -0.01) and BMI z-scores (β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.23, -0.01). The inverse probability weighting (IPW) was performed to account for potential selection bias of this study, and the results were consistent with the above mentioned findings. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal GCSF, IL17A and PDGF-BB levels were correlated with infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age, suggesting that early life immune status play a significant role of late obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Beilun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315899, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Minjuan Liu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Benjing Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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22
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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23
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Neto J, Jantsch J, Rodrigues F, Squizani S, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Impact of cafeteria diet and n3 supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, fatty acids levels, neuroinflammatory markers and social memory in male rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114068. [PMID: 36567032 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of omega-3 (n3) supplementation on intestinal microbiota, fatty acids profile, neuroinflammation, and social memory of cafeteria diet (CAF)-fed rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with CAF for 20 weeks. Omega-3 (500 mg/kg/day) was supplemented between the 16th and 20th week. Colon morphology, intestinal microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma, fatty acids profile, TLR-4 and claudin-5 expressions in the brain, and social memory were investigated. RESULTS CAF reduced colon length, crypts' depth, and microbiota diversity, while n3 increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. CAF increased SCFA plasma levels, but n3 reduced butyrate and isobutyrate in obese rats. LPS was increased in CAF-fed rats, and n3 decreased its levels. In the cerebral cortex, n3 increased caprylic, palmitic, stearic, tricosanoic, lignoceric, myristoleic, and linoleic acids. CAF increased palmitic acid and TLR-4 expression in the cerebral cortex while decreasing claudin-5 in the hippocampus. In the social memory test, CAF-fed animals showed greater social interaction with no effect of n3. CONCLUSIONS The lack of n3 effect in some of the evaluated parameters may be due to the severity of the obesity caused by CAF. However, n3 reduced LPS levels, suggesting its ability to reverse endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Marcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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24
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Jabeen MF, Hinks TSC. MAIT cells and the microbiome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127588. [PMID: 36911683 PMCID: PMC9995591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes, strikingly enriched at mucosal surfaces and characterized by a semi-invariant αβ T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial derived intermediates of riboflavin synthesis presented by the MHC-Ib molecule MR1. At barrier sites MAIT cells occupy a prime position for interaction with commensal microorganisms, comprising the microbiota. The microbiota is a rich source of riboflavin derived antigens required in early life to promote intra-thymic MAIT cell development and sustain a life-long population of tissue resident cells. A symbiotic relationship is thought to be maintained in health whereby microbes promote maturation and homeostasis, and in turn MAIT cells can engage a TCR-dependent "tissue repair" program in the presence of commensal organisms conducive to sustaining barrier function and integrity of the microbial community. MAIT cell activation can be induced in a MR1-TCR dependent manner or through MR1-TCR independent mechanisms via pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12/-15/-18 and type I interferon. MAIT cells provide immunity against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. However, MAIT cells may have deleterious effects through insufficient or exacerbated effector activity and have been implicated in autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic conditions in which microbial dysbiosis is a shared feature. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the microbiota in the development and maintenance of circulating and tissue resident MAIT cells. We also explore how microbial dysbiosis, alongside changes in intestinal permeability and imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory components of the immune response are together involved in the potential pathogenicity of MAIT cells. Whilst there have been significant improvements in our understanding of how the microbiota shapes MAIT cell function, human data are relatively lacking, and it remains unknown if MAIT cells can conversely influence the composition of the microbiota. We speculate whether, in a human population, differences in microbiomes might account for the heterogeneity observed in MAIT cell frequency across mucosal sites or between individuals, and response to therapies targeting T cells. Moreover, we speculate whether manipulation of the microbiota, or harnessing MAIT cell ligands within the gut or disease-specific sites could offer novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisha F. Jabeen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. C. Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Tang W, Ge K, Shen L, Wang H, Feng W, Sun X, Chu X, Zhu D, Yin H, Bi Y. Th1 bias of liver mucosal-associated invariant T cells promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3620. [PMID: 36738300 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It is acknowledged that aberrant liver immunity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an innate-like T-cell subset, are enriched in the human liver. Nevertheless, the characterisation and potential role of hepatic MAIT cells in T2DM remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen newly diagnosed T2DM subjects and 15 controls received liver biopsy. The frequency and cytokine production of MAIT cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism was determined in HepG2 cells co-cultured with hepatic MAIT cells. RESULTS Compared with controls, hepatic MAIT cell frequency was significantly increased in T2DM patients (24.66% vs. 14.61%, p = 0.001). There were more MAIT cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ, 60.49% vs. 33.33%, p = 0.021) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 46.84% vs. 5.91%, p = 0.021) in T2DM than in controls, whereas their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17) was comparable (15.25% vs. 4.55%, p = 0.054). Notably, an IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ IL-17+/- producing MAIT cell subset was focussed, which showed an elevated proportion in T2DM (42.66% vs. 5.85%, p = 0.021) and positively correlated with plasma glucose levels. A co-culture experiment further indicated that hepatic MAIT cells from T2DM upregulated the gene expression of pyruvate carboxylase, a key molecule involved in gluconeogenesis, in HepG2 cells, and this response was blocked with neutralising antibodies against IFN-γ and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our data implicate an increased Th1-like MAIT cell subset in the liver of newly diagnosed T2DM subjects, which induces hyperglycaemia by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis. It provides novel insights into the immune regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03296605 (registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov on 12 October 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
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26
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Liu J, Ding M, Bai J, Luo R, Liu R, Qu J, Li X. Decoding the role of immune T cells: A new territory for improvement of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. IMETA 2023; 2:e76. [PMID: 38868343 PMCID: PMC10989916 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new emerging concept and is associated with metabolic dysfunction, generally replacing the name of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to heterogeneous liver condition and inaccuracies in definition. The prevalence of MAFLD is rising by year due to dietary changes, metabolic disorders, and no approved therapy, affecting a quarter of the global population and representing a major economic problem that burdens healthcare systems. Currently, in addition to the common causative factors like insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity, the role of immune cells, especially T cells, played in MAFLD is increasingly being emphasized by global scholars. Based on the diverse classification and pathophysiological effects of immune T cells, we comprehensively analyzed their bidirectional regulatory effects on the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment and MAFLD progression. This interaction between MAFLD and T cells was also associated with hepatic-intestinal immune crosstalk and gut microbiota homeostasis. Moreover, we pointed out several T-cell-based therapeutic approaches including but not limited to adoptive transfer of T cells, fecal microbiota transplantation, and drug therapy, especially for natural products and Chinese herbal prescriptions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the important role of T cells played in MAFLD progression and corresponding therapeutic options and provides a potential reference for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jinzhao Bai
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ranyi Luo
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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27
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Nurzat Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Xu H. Invariant chain of the MAIT-TCR vα7.2-Jα33 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for keloids. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:186-197. [PMID: 36309840 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are pathological scars that invade normal surrounding tissue without self-limitation, causing pain, itching, cosmetic disfigurement, etc. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying keloids remains unclear; thus, there are no available biomarkers for its diagnosis, resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of only 81%, which may be resolved by seeking an effective biomarker. Given that keloids possess pathogenic features similar to those of autoimmune skin disease, this study aimed to utilise the single-cell V(D)J sequencing method to identify a potential biomarker and clarify the underlying biological mechanisms. Single-cell V(D)J sequencing was used to detect T cell receptor (TCR) diversity between keloid patients and healthy donors using peripheral blood samples, the results of which were further validated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry was used to analyse the mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell percentage, cytokine production, and activation marker expression levels in peripheral blood samples of keloid patients and normal donors. An immunofluorescence test was used to quantitatively analyse the distribution of MAIT cells in scar and healthy donor skin tissues. Single-cell V(D)J sequencing analysis showed that the usage frequency of the TRAJ33-one invariant chain of the TCR of MAIT cells was decreased in keloid patients. This result was validated by RT-PCR, which showed that significantly lower TCR Vα7.2-Jα33 was expressed in keloid patients compared with that in healthy donors and hypertrophic scar patients (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence tests further verified that MAIT cells decreased significantly both in the peripheral blood sample and lesions of keloid patients compared with those of healthy controls (p < 0.05). MAIT cells from keloid patients secreted less interferon (IFN)-γ than those from the healthy controls and hypertrophic scar group (p < 0.001). The percentage of PLZF+ MAIT cells was lowest in the peripheral blood samples of keloid patients (p < 0.05). The percentage of IL-18+ MAIT cells was lower in the peripheral blood samples of keloid patients compared with that in healthy donors (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that MAIT cells could be associated with keloids and may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the diagnosis of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeltai Nurzat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Kedia-Mehta N, Hogan AE. MAITabolism 2 - the emerging understanding of MAIT cell metabolism and their role in metabolic disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1108071. [PMID: 36741413 PMCID: PMC9892190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of unconventional innate T cells due to their non-MHC restriction and rapid effector responses. MAIT cells can recognise bacterial derived antigens presented on the MHC-like protein via their semi-restricted T cell receptor (TCR). Upon TCR triggering MAIT cells rapidly produce a range of effector molecules including cytokines, lytic granules and chemokines. This rapid and robust effector response makes MAIT cells critical in host responses against many bacterial pathogens. MAIT cells can also respond independent of their TCR via innate cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-18, triggering cytokine production, and are important in anti-viral responses. In addition to their protective role, MAIT cells have been implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases, including metabolic diseases often contributing to the pathogenesis via their robust cytokine production. Effector cells such as MAIT cells require significant amounts of energy to support their potent responses, and the type of nutrients available can dictate the functionality of the cell. Although data on MAIT cell metabolism is just emerging, several recent studies are starting to define the intrinsic metabolic requirements and regulators of MAIT cells. In this review we will outline our current understanding of MAIT cell metabolism, and outline their role in metabolic disease, and how disease-related changes in extrinsic metabolism can alter MAIT cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kedia-Mehta
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Tang L, Wang H, Cao K, Xu C, Ma A, Zheng M, Xu Y, Zhang M. Dysfunction of circulating CD3 +CD56 + NKT-like cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:652-662. [PMID: 37082729 PMCID: PMC10110473 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.83317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased incidence and mortality of many cancers and infectious diseases. CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells play pivotal roles in tumor surveillance and infection control. However, little is known about potential alterations in circulating NKT-like cells in T2DM patients. In this study, we found that the frequency and absolute counts of circulating NKT-like cells were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to healthy volunteers. Moreover, in T2DM patients, NKT-like cells were impaired in their production of IFN-γ and TNF-α as well as degranulation capacity. The expression of activating receptor NKG2D was markedly decreased on NKT-like cells in T2DM patients, while the expression of inhibitory receptors Tim-3 and LAG-3 was upregulated. In detail, Tim-3+NKT-like cells expressed higher LAG-3 and less IFN-γ and TNF-α compared to Tim-3-NKT-like cells. Importantly, we further found that the expression of Tim-3 in NKT-like cells from T2DM patients correlated positively with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, as well as with diabetes duration. In conclusion, these results indicate that NKT-like cells from T2DM patients display an exhausted phenotype and reduced functionality. Moreover, Tim-3 expression on NKT-like cells likely serves a novel biomarker for duration of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuanhong Xu
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yuanhong Xu; e-mail: ; Min Zhang; e-mail:
| | - Min Zhang
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yuanhong Xu; e-mail: ; Min Zhang; e-mail:
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30
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Zhang H, Shen H, Zhou L, Xie L, Kong D, Wang H. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Digestive System: Defender or Destroyer? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:809-819. [PMID: 36584816 PMCID: PMC9971522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate T lymphocytes that express the semi-invariant T cell receptor and recognize riboflavin metabolites via the major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein. Given the abundance of MAIT cells in the human body, their role in human diseases has been increasingly studied in recent years. MAIT cells may serve as targets for clinical therapy. Specifically, this review discusses how MAIT cells are altered in gastric, esophageal, intestinal, and hepatobiliary diseases and describes their protective or pathogenic roles. A greater understanding of MAIT cells will provide a more favorable therapeutic approach for digestive diseases in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linxi Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Derun Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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31
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Calderón-DuPont D, Torre-Villalvazo I, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Is insulin resistance tissue-dependent and substrate-specific? The role of white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Biochimie 2023; 204:48-68. [PMID: 36099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) refers to a reduction in the ability of insulin to exert its metabolic effects in organs such as adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM), leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is the main cause of IR, however not all subjects with obesity develop clinical insulin resistance, and not all clinically insulin-resistant people have obesity. Recent evidence implies that IR onset is tissue-dependent (AT or SM) and/or substrate-specific (glucometabolic or lipometabolic). Therefore, the aims of the present review are 1) to describe the glucometabolic and lipometabolic activities of insulin in AT and SM in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, 2) to discuss the pathophysiology of substrate-specific IR in AT and SM, and 3) to highlight novel validated tests to assess tissue and substrate-specific IR that are easy to perform in clinical practice. In AT, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose availability for glycerol and fatty acid synthesis, thus decreasing the esterification and synthesis of signaling bioactive lipids. Lipometabolic IR in AT impairs the antilipolytic effect of insulin and lipogenesis, leading to an increase in circulating FFAs and generating lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In SM, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose uptake, whereas lipometabolic IR impairs mitochondrial lipid oxidation, increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which lead to metabolic inflexibility. Understanding tissue-dependent and substrate-specific IR is of paramount importance for early detection before clinical manifestations and for the development of more specific treatments or direct interventions to prevent chronic life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas y Nutricíon Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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32
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Increased Number of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Is Associated with the Inhibition of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315309. [PMID: 36499635 PMCID: PMC9739562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging worldwide health concern. The disease may involve immune cells including T cells, but little is known about the role(s) of the innate-like T cells in the liver. Furthermore, the most abundant innate-like T cells in the human liver are mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, but the involvement of MAIT cells in NAFLD remains largely unexplored because of their paucity in mice. In this study, we used a novel mouse line, Vα19, in which the number of MAIT cells is equivalent to or greater than that in humans. Compared with the control mice, Vα19 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited a reduction in lipid accumulation, NAFLD activity score, and transcripts relevant to lipogenesis. In addition, serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids were lower in Vα19 mice fed normal chow or HFD. In contrast, the Vα19 mice showed little or no change in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, inflammation in adipose tissues, or intestinal permeability compared with the controls, irrespective of diet. These results suggest that the presence of MAIT cells is associated with reduced lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in the liver; however, further studies are needed to clarify the role of MAIT cells in hepatic lipid metabolism.
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33
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Holle J, Bartolomaeus H, Löber U, Behrens F, Bartolomaeus TU, Anandakumar H, Wimmer MI, Vu DL, Kuhring M, Brüning U, Maifeld A, Geisberger S, Kempa S, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Bufler P, Querfeld U, Kitschke S, Engler D, Kuhrt LD, Drechsel O, Eckardt KU, Forslund SK, Thürmer A, McParland V, Kirwan JA, Wilck N, Müller D. Inflammation in Children with CKD Linked to Gut Dysbiosis and Metabolite Imbalance. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:2259-2275. [PMID: 35985814 PMCID: PMC9731629 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CKD is characterized by a sustained proinflammatory response of the immune system, promoting hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood but may be linked to gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been described in adults with CKD; however, comorbidities limit CKD-specific conclusions. METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiome, metabolites, and immune phenotypes in 48 children (with normal kidney function, CKD stage G3-G4, G5 treated by hemodialysis [HD], or kidney transplantation) with a mean±SD age of 10.6±3.8 years. RESULTS Serum TNF-α and sCD14 were stage-dependently elevated, indicating inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, and endotoxemia. We observed compositional and functional alterations of the microbiome, including diminished production of short-chain fatty acids. Plasma metabolite analysis revealed a stage-dependent increase of tryptophan metabolites of bacterial origin. Serum from patients on HD activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and stimulated TNF-α production in monocytes, corresponding to a proinflammatory shift from classic to nonclassic and intermediate monocytes. Unsupervised analysis of T cells revealed a loss of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and regulatory T cell subtypes in patients on HD. CONCLUSIONS Gut barrier dysfunction and microbial metabolite imbalance apparently mediate the proinflammatory immune phenotype, thereby driving the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. The data highlight the importance of the microbiota-immune axis in CKD, irrespective of confounding comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Holle
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Behrens
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theda U.P. Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harithaa Anandakumar
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz I. Wimmer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dai Long Vu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Core Unit Metabolomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Kuhring
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Brüning
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Core Unit Metabolomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andras Maifeld
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Geisberger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Bufler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kitschke
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Engler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard D. Kuhrt
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- MF2 Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria McParland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Kirwan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Core Unit Metabolomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Waller KJ, Saihi H, Li W, Brindley JH, De Jong A, Syn WK, Bessant C, Alazawi W. Single-cell phenotypes of peripheral blood immune cells in early and late stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 29:417-432. [PMID: 36727210 PMCID: PMC10121278 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune and inflammatory cells respond to multiple pathological hits in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Relatively little is known about how their type and function change through the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum. We used multi-dimensional mass cytometry and a tailored bioinformatic approach to study circulating immune cells sampled from healthy individuals and people with NAFLD. Methods Cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) using 36 metal-conjugated antibodies was applied to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from biopsy-proven NASH fibrosis (late disease), steatosis (early disease) and healthy patients. Supervised and unsupervised analyses were used, findings confirmed and mechanisms assessed using independent healthy and disease PBMC samples. Results Of 36 PBMC clusters, 21 changed between controls and disease samples. Significant differences between diseases stages with changes in T cells and myeloid cells throughout disease and B cell changes in late stages. Semi-supervised gating and re-clustering showed that disease stages were associated with fewer monocytes with active signalling and more inactive NK cells, while B and T cells bearing activation markers reduced in late stages, B cells bearing co-stimulatory molecules increased. Functionally, disease states were associated with fewer activated MAIT cells and reduced TLR-mediated cytokine production in late disease. Conclusions A range of innate and adaptive immune changes begin early in NAFLD and disease stages are associated with a functionally less active phenotype compared to controls. Further study of the immune response in NAFLD spectrum may give insight into mechanisms of disease with potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Jane Waller
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hajar Saihi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wenhao Li
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Anja De Jong
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Conrad Bessant
- Centre for Computational Biology, Life Sciences Initiative, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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35
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Koda Y, Nakamoto N, Kanai T. Regulation of Progression and Resolution of Liver Fibrosis by Immune Cells. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:475-488. [PMID: 36208620 DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins results in fibrosis-a condition implicated in several diseased conditions, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Despite its prevalence, direct and effective treatments for fibrosis are lacking, warranting the development of better therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence has shown that liver fibrosis-a condition previously considered irreversible-is reversible in specific conditions. Immune cells residing in or infiltrating the liver (e.g., macrophages) are crucial in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Given this background, the roles and action mechanisms of various immune cells and their subsets in the progression and recovery of liver fibrosis, particularly concerning nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the development of better therapeutic strategies based on stage-specific properties and using advanced techniques as well as the mechanisms underlying recovery are elaborated. In conclusion, we consider the review comprehensively provides the present achievements and future possibilities revolving around fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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LeBlanc G, Kreissl F, Melamed J, Sobel AL, Constantinides MG. The role of unconventional T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101656. [PMID: 36306662 PMCID: PMC9828956 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle LeBlanc
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Felix Kreissl
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam L. Sobel
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
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37
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Darrigues J, Almeida V, Conti E, Ribot JC. The multisensory regulation of unconventional T cell homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101657. [PMID: 36370671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells typically group γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (NKT) and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. With their pre-activated status and biased tropism for non-lymphoid organs, they provide a rapid (innate-like) and efficient first line of defense against pathogens at strategical barrier sites, while they can also trigger chronic inflammation, and unexpectedly contribute to steady state physiology. Thus, a tight control of their homeostasis is critical to maintain tissue integrity. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of our understanding of the factors, from neuroimmune to inflammatory regulators, shaping the size and functional properties of unconventional T cell subsets in non-lymphoid organs. We present a general overview of the mechanisms common to these populations, while also acknowledging specific aspects of their diversity. We mainly focus on their maintenance at steady state and upon inflammation, highlighting some key unresolved issues and raising upcoming technical, fundamental and translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vicente Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eller Conti
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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38
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu L, Zhou L, Shen Y, Zhang R, He Y, Yang D, Jiang E, Feng X, Zhou J, Cheng T, Han M, Feng S. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells predict increased acute graft-versus-host-disease incidence in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:297. [PMID: 36180885 PMCID: PMC9526319 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells, some studies have reported that the number of circulating MAIT cells reduced in patients with acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) development. However, the role of donor MAIT cells on aGVHD development and subsequent functional change still remain unclear. METHODS The study recruited 86 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from May 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. MAIT cells, their subset, and cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. Gray's test was used to assess the impact of graft MAIT cell proportion and number on aGVHD incidence. The Cox proportional hazard model was used in the multivariate analysis. The comparison for continuous variables was assessed using Mann-Whitney analysis. RNA-sequencing was performed to investigate the possible molecular pathway changes. RESULTS Our study showed that the proportion of MAIT cells in grafts was not different from normal controls, but the CD4/8 subsets were altered. Taking the median of the proportion and number of MAIT cells in the graft as the threshold, the results showed that the incidence of grade B-D aGVHD in patients with MAIT cell proportion ≥ 3.03% was significantly higher than that in patients with MAIT cell proportion < 3.03% (56.3%, 95% CI 37.1-71.2 versus 23.1%, 95% CI 13.8-46.2; P = 0.038).The number of MAIT cells in the graft was not associated with aGVHD development (P = 0.173), however, when the graft contained more CD4 positive, CD8 positive, and CD4/CD8 double-positive MAIT cells, the incidence of aGVHD was significantly increased (P = 0.019, P = 0.035 and P = 0.027, respectively). Besides, reduced frequencies and counts of circulating MAIT cells were observed in patients with aGVHD when compared to patients without aGVHD, accompanied by enhanced production of Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interferon-γ and upregulated programmed death-1, CXC Chemokine Receptor-6 (CXCR6) and CD38 expression. Gene set enrichment analysis of MAIT cell RNA-seq data showed interferon-α response pathway upregulated in aGVHD patients when compared with patients without aGVHD and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that MAIT cells in grafts and peripheral blood are both closely related to the aGVHD development post allogeneic HCT. Interferon-α response pathway perhaps is a critical regulation mechanism for the MAIT cell involvement in aGVHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Sudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lukun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Rongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Tian J, Yan C, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Li L, Shen J, Wang J, Sun H, Yang G, Sun W. Peripheral and intestinal mucosal-associated invariant T cells in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008080. [PMID: 36188574 PMCID: PMC9515899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal inflammatory gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants with unknown pathogenesis. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells primarily accumulate at sites where exposure to microbes is ubiquitous and regulate immunological responses. As the implications of these cells in NEC development in premature infants remain unknown, we investigated the role and characteristics of MAIT cells in NEC pathogenesis. Methods: The percentage of different MAIT cell subsets in peripheral blood samples of 30 preterm infants with NEC and 22 control subjects was estimated using flow cytometry. The frequency of MAIT cells in the intestinal tissues of five NEC patients and five control subjects was also examined. The level of serum cytokines was estimated using cytometric bead array. Potential associations between the different measurements were analyzed using the Spearman’s correlation test. Results: Compared with controls, the NEC patients were found to have significantly reduced percentages of circulating CD161+ CD3+ CD8αα+ T cells and CD161+ CD3+ TCRγδ-TCRVa7.2+ MAIT cells. In the intestinal tissues, the percentage of MAIT cells was significantly higher in samples from the NEC patients than the controls. Furthermore, the percentage of circulating MAIT cells in the peripheral blood samples was inversely correlated with that in the intestinal tissues of the NEC patients. The percentage of CD8αα+ MAIT cells was found to be significantly reduced in both peripheral blood and intestinal tissues of NEC patients. Following treatment, the frequency of circulating MAIT cells significantly increased in NEC patients and reached a level similar to that in the control subjects. However, there was no difference in the percentage of circulating CD8αα+ MAIT cells before and after treatment in the NEC patients. Conclusion: Our results suggested that during the development of NEC MAIT cells accumulate in the inflammatory intestinal tissues, while the percentage of CD8aa+ MAIT cells is significantly decreased, which may lead to the dysfunction of MAIT cells in gut immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Department of Center of Gene Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haohan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun,
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Ganesh N, van der Vorst EPC, Spiesshöfer J, He S, Burgmaier M, Findeisen H, Lehrke M, Swirski FK, Marx N, Kahles F. Gut immune cells—A novel therapeutical target for cardiovascular disease? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:943214. [PMID: 36046186 PMCID: PMC9421162 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.943214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific and clinical advances during the last 50 years cardiovascular disease continues to be the main cause of death worldwide. Especially patients with diabetes display a massive increased cardiovascular risk compared to patients without diabetes. Over the last two decades we have learned that cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases are driven by inflammation. Despite the fact that the gastrointestinal tract is one of the largest leukocyte reservoirs of our bodies, the relevance of gut immune cells for cardiovascular disease is largely unknown. First experimental evidence suggests an important relevance of immune cells in the intestinal tract for the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in mice. Mice specifically lacking gut immune cells are protected against obesity, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Importantly antibody mediated inhibition of leukocyte homing into the gut showed similar protective metabolic and cardiovascular effects. Targeting gut immune cells might open novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Ganesh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Spiesshöfer
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shun He
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mathias Burgmaier
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannes Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Filip K. Swirski
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Florian Kahles
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41
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Oh SF, Jung DJ, Choi E. Gut Microbiota-Derived Unconventional T Cell Ligands: Contribution to Host Immune Modulation. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:476-487. [PMID: 35868838 PMCID: PMC9924074 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the prototypic innate and adaptive pathways, immune responses by innate-like lymphocytes have gained significant attention due to their unique roles. Among innate-like lymphocytes, unconventional T cells such as NKT cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize small nonpeptide molecules of specific chemical classes. Endogenous or microbial ligands are loaded to MHC class I-like molecule CD1d or MR1, and inducing immediate effector T cell and ligand structure is one of the key determinants of NKT/MAIT cell functions. Unconventional T cells are in close, constant contact with symbiotic microbes at the mucosal layer, and CD1d/MR1 can accommodate diverse metabolites produced by gut microbiota. There is a strong interest to identify novel immunoactive molecules of endobiotic (symbiont-produced) origin as new NKT/MAIT cell ligands, as well as new cognate Ags for previously uncharacterized unconventional T cell subsets. Further studies will open an possibility to explore basic biology as well as therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwhan F. Oh
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Da-Jung Jung
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eungyo Choi
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Li Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Cai P, Li M, Tang X, Tan Y, Wang Y, Zhang F, Wen X, Liang Q, Nie Y, Chen T, Peng X, He X, Zhu Y, Shi G, Cheung WW, Wei L, Chen Y, Lu Y. Bacteroides ovatus-mediated CD27− MAIT cell activation is associated with obesity-related T2D progression. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:791-804. [DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Schmidt V, Hogan AE, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932893. [PMID: 35844529 PMCID: PMC9279727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the nuclear receptor PPARγ, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic Th2-biased immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Schmidt
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Schwartz,
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Bishop LR, Curran SJ, Kovacs JA. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Accumulate in the Lungs during Murine Pneumocystis Infection but Are Not Required for Clearance. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060645. [PMID: 35736127 PMCID: PMC9224882 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis is a fungal pathogen that can cause pneumonia in immunosuppressed hosts and subclinical infection in immunocompetent hosts. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional lymphocytes with a semi-invariant T-cell receptor that are activated by riboflavin metabolites that are presented by the MHC-1b molecule MR1. Although Pneumocystis can presumably synthesize riboflavin metabolites based on whole-genome studies, the role of MAIT cells in controlling Pneumocystis infection is unknown. We used a co-housing mouse model of Pneumocystis infection, combined with flow cytometry and qPCR, to characterize the response of MAIT cells to infection in C57BL/6 mice, and, using MR1−/− mice, which lack MAIT cells, to examine their role in clearing the infection. MAIT cells accumulated in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice during Pneumocystis infection and remained at increased levels for many weeks after clearance of infection. In MR1−/− mice, Pneumocystis infection was cleared with kinetics similar to C57BL/6 mice. Thus, MAIT cells are not necessary for control of Pneumocystis infection, but the prolonged retention of these cells in the lungs following clearance of infection may allow a more rapid future response to other pathogens.
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45
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Dai W, Liu X, Su H, Li X, Xu Y, Yu Y. Influence of adipose tissue immune dysfunction on childhood obesity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:27-38. [PMID: 35595599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a dramatic rise has been observed in the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence, along with an increase in fetal microsomia rates. The increased risk of obesity during this key period in development negatively affects the health of the individual later in life. Immune cells residing and recruited to white adipose tissue have been highlighted as important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Immune dysfunction in the context of obesity begins early in childhood, which is different from the pathological characteristics and influencing factors of adipose immunity in adults. Here, we explore the current understanding of the roles of childhood and early life events that result in high risks for obesity by influencing adipose tissue immune dysfunction under the pathological condition of obesity. Such knowledge will help in determining the mechanisms of childhood and early life obesity in efforts to ameliorate chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex dynamic organ with whole-body immunometabolic influence. Much of the work into understanding the role of immune cells in adipose tissue has been in the context of obesity. These investigations have also uncovered a range of typical (immune) and non-typical functions exerted by adipose tissue leukocytes. Here we provide an overview of the adipose tissue immune system, including its role as an immune reservoir in the whole-body response to infection and as a site of parasitic and viral infections. We also describe the functional roles of specialized immunological structures found within adipose tissue. However, our main focus is on the recently discovered 'non-immune' functions of adipose tissue immune cells, which include the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis, as well as responses to changing nutrient status and body temperature. In doing so, we outline the therapeutic potential of the adipose tissue immune system in health and disease.
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47
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Bergin R, Kinlen D, Kedia-Mehta N, Hayes E, Cassidy FC, Cody D, O'Shea D, Hogan AE. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are associated with insulin resistance in childhood obesity, and disrupt insulin signalling via IL-17. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1012-1017. [PMID: 35305128 PMCID: PMC9076704 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are an abundant population of innate T cells. When activated, MAIT cells rapidly produce a range of cytokines, including IFNγ, TNF-α and IL-17. Several studies have implicated MAIT cells in the development of metabolic dysfunction, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are not fully understood. We hypothesised that MAIT cells are associated with insulin resistance in children with obesity, and affect insulin signalling through their production of IL-17. METHODS In a cross-sectional observational study, we investigated MAIT cell cytokine profiles in a cohort of 30 children with obesity and 30 healthy control participants, of similar age, using flow cytometry. We then used a cell-based model to determine the direct effect of MAIT cells and IL-17 on insulin signalling and glucose uptake. RESULTS Children with obesity display increased MAIT cell frequencies (2.2% vs 2.8%, p=0.047), and, once activated, these produced elevated levels of both TNF-α (39% vs 28%, p=0.03) and IL-17 (1.25% vs 0.5%, p=0.008). The IL-17-producing MAIT cells were associated with an elevated HOMA-IR (r=0.65, p=0.001). The MAIT cell secretome from adults with obesity resulted in reduced glucose uptake when compared with the secretome from healthy adult control (1.31 vs 0.96, p=0.0002), a defect that could be blocked by neutralising IL-17. Finally, we demonstrated that recombinant IL-17 blocked insulin-mediated glucose uptake via inhibition of phosphorylated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Collectively, these studies provide further support for the role of MAIT cells in the development of metabolic dysfunction, and suggest that an IL-17-mediated effect on intracellular insulin signalling is responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Bergin
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - David Kinlen
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nidhi Kedia-Mehta
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Eadaoin Hayes
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Féaron C Cassidy
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Declan Cody
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.
- St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Mehta H, Lett MJ, Klenerman P, Filipowicz Sinnreich M. MAIT cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:429-444. [PMID: 35641678 PMCID: PMC9256577 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells or MAIT cells are an abundant cell type in humans and especially so in the liver. MAIT cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that sit at a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, so-called innate-like or "unconventional" T cells. The specificity of their antigen receptor (T cell receptor or TCR) is for the conserved major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related molecule MR1, which presents a modified bacterial metabolite from the vitamin B2 biosynthesis pathway - this allows them to respond in the presence of many bacteria or yeast. MAIT cells also possess an array of cytokine receptors, which allows triggering independently of the TCR. The combination of such signals drives their functionality - this means they can respond to a range of stimuli and likely play a role not only in infection or inflammation, but also under homeostatic conditions.In this review, we will look at the question of what MAIT cells are doing in the normal liver and how they behave in the setting of disease. These questions are of relevance because MAIT cells are such a distinctive cell type enriched in the liver under normal conditions, and their modulation could be of therapeutic benefit. The recent discovery that they appear to be involved in liver fibrosis is particularly of interest in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Mehta
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Martin Joseph Lett
- Liver Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich
- Liver Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Basel University Medical Clinic, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
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Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112198. [PMID: 35683998 PMCID: PMC9182470 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells promote inflammation in obesity and are implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, as the intrahepatic MAIT cell response to lifestyle intervention in NAFLD has not been investigated, this work aimed to examine circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cell populations in patients with NAFLD, after either 12 weeks of dietary intervention (DI) or aerobic exercise intervention (EI). Methods: Multicolour flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cells and measure MAIT cell expression (median fluorescence intensity, MFI) of the activation marker CD69 and apoptotic marker CD95. Liver histology, clinical parameters, and MAIT cell populations were assessed at baseline (T0) and following completion (T1) of DI or EI. Results: Forty-five patients completed the study. DI participants showed decreased median (interquartile range) expression of the activation marker CD69 on circulating MAIT cells (T0: 104 (134) versus T1 27 (114) MFI; p = 0.0353) and improvements in histological steatosis grade post-intervention. EI participants showed increased expression of the apoptotic marker CD95, both in circulating (T0: 1549 (888) versus T1: 2563 (1371) MFI; p = 0.0043) and intrahepatic MAIT cells (T0: 2724 (862) versus T1: 3117 (1622) MFI; p = 0.0269). Moreover, the percentage of intrahepatic MAIT cells significantly decreased after EI (T0: 11.1 (14.4) versus T1: 5.3 (9.3)%; p = 0.0029), in conjunction with significant improvements in fibrosis stage and hepatocyte ballooning. Conclusions: These data demonstrate independent benefits from dietary and exercise intervention and suggest a role for intrahepatic MAIT cells in the observed histological improvements in NAFLD.
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Pincikova T, Parrot T, Hjelte L, Högman M, Lisspers K, Ställberg B, Janson C, Malinovschi A, Sandberg JK. MAIT cell counts are associated with the risk of hospitalization in COPD. Respir Res 2022; 23:127. [PMID: 35585629 PMCID: PMC9114286 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation in the airways. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional, innate-like T cells highly abundant in mucosal tissues including the lung. We hypothesized that the characteristics of MAIT cells in circulation may be prospectively associated with COPD morbidity. METHODS COPD subjects (n = 61) from the Tools for Identifying Exacerbations (TIE) study were recruited when in stable condition. At study entry, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was measured and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cryopreserved for later analysis by flow cytometry. Patients were followed for 3 years to record clinically meaningful outcomes. RESULTS Patients who required hospitalization at one or more occasions during the 3-year follow-up (n = 21) had lower MAIT cell counts in peripheral blood at study inclusion, compared with patients who did not get hospitalized (p = 0.036). In contrast, hospitalized and never hospitalized patients did not differ in CD8 or CD4 T cell counts (p = 0.482 and p = 0.221, respectively). Moreover, MAIT cells in hospitalized subjects showed a more activated phenotype with higher CD38 expression (p = 0.014), and there was a trend towards higher LAG-3 expression (p = 0.052). Conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells were similar between the groups. Next we performed multi-variable logistic regression analysis with hospitalizations as dependent variable, and FEV1, GOLD 2017 group, and quantity or activation of MAIT and conventional T cells as independent variables. MAIT cell count, CD38 expression on MAIT cells, and LAG-3 expression on both MAIT and CD8 T cells were all independently associated with the risk of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MAIT cells might reflect a novel, FEV1-independent immunological dimension in the complexity of COPD. The potential implication of MAIT cells in COPD pathogenesis and MAIT cells' prognostic potential deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Pincikova
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, K85, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tiphaine Parrot
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Hjelte
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm CF Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marieann Högman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Lisspers
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Ställberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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