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Wu D, Zhang H, Li F, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wu Q. Sec13 promotes glycolysis by inhibiting Ubqln1 mediated Pgm1 ubiquitination in ALI. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167475. [PMID: 39159700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe lung damage characterized by acute hypoxemia, increased pulmonary vascular permeability, and inflammatory reactions. Despite current treatments, mortality from ALI remains high. This study found that Sec13 is highly expressed in ALI and regulates it by glycolysis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In an ALI mouse model and cell model, Sec13 expression increased, accompanied by enhanced glycolysis, EMT, and inflammation. Sec13 knockdown suppressed these effects, alleviating ALI. Sec13 forms a protein complex with Pgm1, an enzyme regulating glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) production, and Ubqln1, an ubiquitin ligase. Sec13 inhibits Ubqln1-mediated Pgm1 ubiquitination, thereby stabilizing Pgm1. In ALI, Pgm1 binding to Sec13 increased but binding to Ubqln1 decreased. Sec13 knockdown decreased lactate, G6P, EMT markers, and inflammatory cytokines. Pgm1 knockdown produced similar effects. Ubqln1 overexpression suppressed inflammation but decreased Pgm1 expression. In conclusion, Sec13 plays a key role in ALI by inhibiting Ubqln1-mediated Pgm1 ubiquitination, affecting glycolysis and EMT. Sec13 and Pgm1 may be new targets for treating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuge Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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2
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Stephens C, Naghavi MH. The host cytoskeleton: a key regulator of early HIV-1 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1835-1848. [PMID: 36527282 PMCID: PMC10272291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its central role in cell biology, the cytoskeleton is a key regulator of viral infection, influencing nearly every step of the viral life cycle. In this review, we will discuss the role of two key components of the cytoskeleton, namely the actin and microtubule networks in early HIV-1 infection. We will discuss key contributions to processes ranging from the attachment and entry of viral particles at the cell surface to their arrival and import into the nucleus and identify areas where further research into this complex relationship may yield new insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stephens
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H. Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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3
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Wang G, Zhao H, Zou J, Liang W, Zhao Z, Li D. Role of BcSfb3, the subunit of COPII vesicles, in fungal development and pathogenicity, ER-phagy and autophagy in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130379. [PMID: 38403214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) plays a multifunctional role in the transport of newly synthesized proteins, autophagosome formation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-ER-phagy. However, the molecular mechanisms of the COPII subunit in ER-phagy in plant pathogens remain unknown. Here, we identified the subunit of COPII vesicles (BcSfb3) and explored the importance of BcSfb3 in Botrytis cinerea. BcSfb3 deletion affected vegetative growth, conidiation, conidial morphology, and plasma membrane integrity. We confirmed that the increase in infectious hyphal growth was delayed in the ΔBcSfb3 mutant, reducing its pathogenicity in the host plant. Furthermore, the ΔBcSfb3 mutant was sensitive to ER stress, which caused massive ER expansion and induced the formation of ER whorls that were taken up into the vacuole. Further examination demonstrated that BcSfb3 deletion caused ER stress initiated by unfolded protein response, and which led to the promotion of ER-phagy and autophagy that participate in sclerotia formation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that BcSfb3 plays an important role in fungal development, pathogenesis, ER-phagy and autophagy in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbo Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650203, China.
| | - Delong Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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4
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Ün D, Kovalchuk V, El-Kasaby A, Kasture A, Koban F, Kudlacek O, Freissmuth M, Sucic S. Breaking the rules of SLC6 transporters: Export of the human creatine transporter-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum is supported by its N-terminus. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38419374 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the human creatine transporter 1 (CRT1/SLC6A8) cause the creatine transporter deficiency syndrome, which is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism, and developmental delay. The vast majority of mutations cause protein misfolding and hence reduce cell surface expression. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular machinery supporting folding and export of CRT1 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All other SLC6 members thus far investigated rely on a C-terminal motif for binding the COPII-component SEC24 to drive their ER export; their N-termini are dispensable. Here, we show that, in contrast, in CRT1 the C-terminal ER-export motif is cryptic and it is the N-terminus, which supports ER export. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (i) siRNA-induced depletion of individual SEC24 isoforms revealed that CRT1 relied on SEC24C for ER export. However, mutations of the C-terminal canonical ER-export motif of CRT1 did not impair its cell surface delivery. (ii) Nevertheless, the C-terminal motif of CRT1 was operational in a chimeric protein comprising the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) and the C-terminus of CRT1. (iii) Tagging of the N-terminus-but not the C-terminus-with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) resulted in ER retention. (iv) Serial truncations of the N-terminus showed that removal of ≥51 residues of CRT1 impaired surface delivery, because the truncated CRT1 were confined to the ER. (v) Mutation of P51 to alanine also reduced cell surface delivery of CRT1 and relieved its dependence on SEC24C. Thus, the ER-export motif in the N-terminus of CRT1 overrides the canonical C-terminal motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ün
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasylyna Kovalchuk
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ameya Kasture
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Koban
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yu J, Yang X, Zheng J, Sgobio C, Sun L, Cai H. Deficiency of Perry syndrome-associated p150 Glued in midbrain dopaminergic neurons leads to progressive neurodegeneration and endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 36879021 PMCID: PMC9988887 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple missense mutations in p150Glued are linked to Perry syndrome (PS), a rare neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by loss of nigral dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Here we generated p150Glued conditional knockout (cKO) mice by deleting p150Glued in midbrain DAergic neurons. The young cKO mice displayed impaired motor coordination, dystrophic DAergic dendrites, swollen axon terminals, reduced striatal dopamine transporter (DAT), and dysregulated dopamine transmission. The aged cKO mice showed loss of DAergic neurons and axons, somatic accumulation of α-synuclein, and astrogliosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that p150Glued deficiency in DAergic neurons led to the reorganization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in dystrophic dendrites, upregulation of ER tubule-shaping protein reticulon 3, accumulation of DAT in reorganized ERs, dysfunction of COPII-mediated ER export, activation of unfolded protein response, and exacerbation of ER stress-induced cell death. Our findings demonstrate the importance of p150Glued in controlling the structure and function of ER, which is critical for the survival and function of midbrain DAergic neurons in PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China.
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jiayin Zheng
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Carmelo Sgobio
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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RNAseq Analysis of FABP4 Knockout Mouse Hippocampal Transcriptome Suggests a Role for WNT/β-Catenin in Preventing Obesity-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043381. [PMID: 36834799 PMCID: PMC9961923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a regulator of neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that the link between lipid metabolism and inflammation indicates a role for FABP4 in regulating high fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive decline. We have previously shown that obese FABP4 knockout mice exhibit decreased neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. FABP4 knockout and wild type mice were fed 60% HFD for 12 weeks starting at 15 weeks old. Hippocampal tissue was dissected and RNA-seq was performed to measure differentially expressed transcripts. Reactome molecular pathway analysis was utilized to examine differentially expressed pathways. Results showed that HFD-fed FABP4 knockout mice have a hippocampal transcriptome consistent with neuroprotection, including associations with decreased proinflammatory signaling, ER stress, apoptosis, and cognitive decline. This is accompanied by an increase in transcripts upregulating neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, and spatial working memory. Pathway analysis revealed that mice lacking FABP4 had changes in metabolic function that support reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved energy homeostasis and cognitive function. Analysis suggested a role for WNT/β-Catenin signaling in the protection against insulin resistance, alleviating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Collectively, our work shows that FABP4 represents a potential target in alleviating HFD-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline and suggests a role for WNT/β-Catenin in this protection.
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Tang VT, Ginsburg D. Cargo selection in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport and relevant diseases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163838. [PMID: 36594468 PMCID: PMC9797344 DOI: 10.1172/jci163838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most proteins destined for the extracellular space or various intracellular compartments must traverse the intracellular secretory pathway. The first step is the recruitment and transport of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen to the Golgi apparatus by coat protein complex II (COPII), consisting of five core proteins. Additional ER transmembrane proteins that aid cargo recruitment are referred to as cargo receptors. Gene duplication events have resulted in multiple COPII paralogs present in the mammalian genome. Here, we review the functions of each COPII protein, human disorders associated with each paralog, and evidence for functional conservation between paralogs. We also provide a summary of current knowledge regarding two prototypical cargo receptors in mammals, LMAN1 and SURF4, and their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi T. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology,,Life Sciences Institute
| | - David Ginsburg
- Life Sciences Institute,,Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Human Genetics,,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Barrabi C, Zhang K, Liu M, Chen X. Pancreatic beta cell ER export in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1155779. [PMID: 37152949 PMCID: PMC10160654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1155779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the secretory pathway of the pancreatic beta cell, proinsulin and other secretory granule proteins are first produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Beta cell ER homeostasis is vital for normal beta cell functions and is maintained by the delicate balance between protein synthesis, folding, export and degradation. Disruption of ER homeostasis leads to beta cell death and diabetes. Among the four components to maintain ER homeostasis, the role of ER export in insulin biogenesis or beta cell survival was not well-understood. COPII (coat protein complex II) dependent transport is a conserved mechanism for most cargo proteins to exit ER and transport to Golgi apparatus. Emerging evidence began to reveal a critical role of COPII-dependent ER export in beta cells. In this review, we will first discuss the basic components of the COPII transport machinery, the regulation of cargo entry and COPII coat assembly in mammalian cells, and the general concept of receptor-mediated cargo sorting in COPII vesicles. On the basis of these general discussions, the current knowledge and recent developments specific to the beta cell COPII dependent ER export are summarized under normal and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Barrabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Xuequn Chen,
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9
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Ostwaldt F, Los B, Heyd F. In silico analysis of alternative splicing events implicated in intracellular trafficking during B-lymphocyte differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030409. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are multiple regulatory layers that control intracellular trafficking and protein secretion, ranging from transcriptional to posttranslational mechanisms. Finely regulated trafficking and secretion is especially important for lymphocytes during activation and differentiation, as the quantity of secretory cargo increases once the activated cells start to produce and secrete large amounts of cytokines, cytotoxins, or antibodies. However, how the secretory machinery dynamically adapts its efficiency and specificity in general and specifically in lymphocytes remains incompletely understood. Here we present a systematic bioinformatics analysis to address RNA-based mechanisms that control intracellular trafficking and protein secretion during B-lymphocyte activation, and differentiation, with a focus on alternative splicing. Our in silico analyses suggest that alternative splicing has a substantial impact on the dynamic adaptation of intracellular traffic and protein secretion in different B cell subtypes, pointing to another regulatory layer to the control of lymphocyte function during activation and differentiation. Furthermore, we suggest that NERF/ELF2 controls the expression of some COPII-related genes in a cell type-specific manner. In addition, T cells and B cells appear to use different adaptive strategies to adjust their secretory machineries during the generation of effector and memory cells, with antibody secreting B cell specifically increasing the expression of components of the early secretory pathway. Together, our data provide hypotheses how cell type-specific regulation of the trafficking machinery during immune cell activation and differentiation is controlled that can now be tested in wet lab experiments.
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10
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Huang Q, Sun S, Ji Z, Huang L, Li Z, Huang X, Deng W, Li T. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Synovial Fluid-Derived Exosomes in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:800902. [PMID: 35359923 PMCID: PMC8961740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.800902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo compare the proteomics of synovial fluid (SF)-derived exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), gout, and osteoarthritis (OA) patients.MethodsExosomes were separated from SF by the Exoquick kit combined ultracentrifugation method. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology was used to analyze the proteomics of SF-derived exosomes. Volcano plot, hierarchical cluster, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted.ResultsA total of 1,678 credible proteins were detected. Sixty-nine differentially expressed proteins were found in gout, compared with OA, axSpA, and RA simultaneously. Twenty-five proteins were found highly expressed in gout uniquely, lysozyme C and protein S100-A9 included, whose bioinformatic analysis was significantly involved in “neutrophil degranulation” and “prion diseases”. Eighty-four differentially expressed proteins were found in axSpA, compared with OA, gout, and RA simultaneously. Thirty-nine proteins were found highly expressed in axSpA uniquely, RNA-binding protein 8A and protein transport protein Sec24C included, whose bioinformatic analysis was significantly involved in “acute-phase response” and “citrate cycle”. One hundred and eighty-four differentially expressed proteins were found in RA, compared with OA, gout, and axSpA simultaneously. Twenty-eight proteins were found highly expressed in RA uniquely, pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and stromelysin-1 included, whose bioinformatic analysis was significantly involved in “serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity” and “complement and coagulation cascades”. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result showed that the exosome-derived PZP level of SF in RA was higher than that in OA (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur study for the first time described the protein profiles of SF-derived exosomes in RA, axSpA, gout, and OA patients. Some potential biomarkers and hypothetical molecular mechanisms were proposed, which may provide helpful diagnostic and therapeutic insights for inflammatory arthritis (IA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qidang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanmiao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuyi Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuechan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianwang Li, ; Weiming Deng,
| | - Tianwang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhaoqing Central People’s Hospital, Zhaoqing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianwang Li, ; Weiming Deng,
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11
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Reggiori F, Molinari M. ER-phagy: mechanisms, regulation and diseases connected to the lysosomal clearance of the endoplasmic reticulum. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1393-1448. [PMID: 35188422 PMCID: PMC9126229 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-phagy (reticulo-phagy) defines the degradation of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within lysosomes or vacuoles. It is part of the self-digestion (i.e., auto-phagic) programs recycling cytoplasmic material and organelles, which rapidly mobilize metabolites in cells confronted with nutrient shortage. Moreover, selective clearance of ER subdomains participates to the control of ER size and activity during ER stress, the re-establishment of ER homeostasis after ER stress resolution and the removal of ER parts, in which aberrant and potentially cytotoxic material has been segregated. ER-phagy relies on the individual and/or concerted activation of the ER-phagy receptors, ER peripheral or integral membrane proteins that share the presence of LC3/Atg8-binding motifs in their cytosolic domains. ER-phagy involves the physical separation of portions of the ER from the bulk ER network, and their delivery to the endolysosomal/vacuolar catabolic district. This last step is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms including macro-ER-phagy (in which ER fragments are sequestered by double-membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes/vacuoles), micro-ER-phagy (in which ER fragments are directly engulfed by endosomes/lysosomes/vacuoles), or direct fusion of ER-derived vesicles with lysosomes/vacuoles. ER-phagy is dysfunctional in specific human diseases and its regulators are subverted by pathogens, highlighting its crucial role for cell and organism life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Protein Folding and Quality Control, grid.7722.0Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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12
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Liu Z, Yan M, Lei W, Jiang R, Dai W, Chen J, Wang C, Li L, Wu M, Nian X, Li D, Sun D, Lv X, Wang C, Xie C, Yao L, Wu C, Hu J, Xiao N, Mo W, Wang Z, Zhang L. Sec13 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin repair through autocrine pleiotrophin signaling. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155096. [PMID: 35143418 PMCID: PMC8970680 DOI: 10.1172/jci155096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of protein trafficking has been intensively associated with neurological diseases, including neurodegeneration, but whether and how protein transport contributes to oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation and myelin repair in white matter injury remains unclear. ER-to-Golgi trafficking of newly synthesized proteins is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII). Here, we demonstrate that the COPII component Sec13 was essential for OL differentiation and postnatal myelination. Ablation of Sec13 in the OL lineage prevented OPC differentiation and inhibited myelination and remyelination after demyelinating injury in the central nervous system (CNS), while improving protein trafficking by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or ectopic expression of COPII components accelerated myelination. COPII components were upregulated in OL lineage cells after demyelinating injury. Loss of Sec13 altered the secretome of OLs and inhibited the secretion of pleiotrophin (PTN), which was found to function as an autocrine factor to promote OL differentiation and myelin repair. These data suggest that Sec13-dependent protein transport is essential for OL differentiation and that Sec13-mediated PTN autocrine signaling is required for proper myelination and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Minbiao Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Wanying Lei
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Rencai Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Wenxiu Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Chaomeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Ximing Nian
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Daopeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Di Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Xiaoqi Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Chaoying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Changchuan Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Luming Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Caiming Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Naian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Life Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, and
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13
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Lu CL, Ortmeier S, Brudvig J, Moretti T, Cain J, Boyadjiev SA, Weimer JM, Kim J. Collagen has a unique SEC24 preference for efficient export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Traffic 2022; 23:81-93. [PMID: 34761479 PMCID: PMC8692420 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SEC24 is mainly involved in cargo sorting during COPII vesicle assembly. There are four SEC24 paralogs (A-D) in vertebrates, which are classified into two subgroups (SEC24A/B and SEC24C/D). Pathological mutations in SEC24D cause osteogenesis imperfecta with craniofacial dysplasia in humans. sec24d mutant fish also recapitulate the phenotypes. Consistent with the skeletal phenotypes, the secretion of collagen was severely defective in mutant fish, emphasizing the importance of SEC24D in collagen secretion. However, SEC24D patient-derived fibroblasts show only a mild secretion phenotype, suggesting tissue-specificity in the secretion process. Using Sec24d KO mice and cultured cells, we show that SEC24A and SEC24B also contribute to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of procollagen. In contrast, fibronectin 1 requires either SEC24C or SEC24D for ER export. On the basis of our results, we propose that procollagen interacts with multiple SEC24 paralogs for efficient export from the ER, and that this is the basis for tissue-specific phenotypes resulting from SEC24 paralog deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Steven Ortmeier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jon Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Tamara Moretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jacob Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jinoh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA,To who correspondence should be addressed: Jinoh Kim, 2086 Vet Med, 1800 Christensen Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, , Tel: 515-294-3401
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14
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Adams EJ, Khoriaty R, Kiseleva A, Cleuren ACA, Tomberg K, van der Ent MA, Gergics P, Tang VT, Zhu G, Hoenerhoff MJ, O'Shea KS, Saunders TL, Ginsburg D. Murine SEC24D can substitute functionally for SEC24C during embryonic development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21100. [PMID: 34702932 PMCID: PMC8548507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COPII component SEC24 mediates the recruitment of transmembrane cargos or cargo adaptors into newly forming COPII vesicles on the ER membrane. Mammalian genomes encode four Sec24 paralogs (Sec24a-d), with two subfamilies based on sequence homology (SEC24A/B and C/D), though little is known about their comparative functions and cargo-specificities. Complete deficiency for Sec24d results in very early embryonic lethality in mice (before the 8 cell stage), with later embryonic lethality (E7.5) observed in Sec24c null mice. To test the potential overlap in function between SEC24C/D, we employed dual recombinase mediated cassette exchange to generate a Sec24cc-d allele, in which the C-terminal 90% of SEC24C has been replaced by SEC24D coding sequence. In contrast to the embryonic lethality at E7.5 of SEC24C-deficiency, Sec24cc-d/c-d pups survive to term, though dying shortly after birth. Sec24cc-d/c-d pups are smaller in size, but exhibit no other obvious developmental abnormality by pathologic evaluation. These results suggest that tissue-specific and/or stage-specific expression of the Sec24c/d genes rather than differences in cargo export function explain the early embryonic requirements for SEC24C and SEC24D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Adams
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rami Khoriaty
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Univeristy of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Anna Kiseleva
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Audrey C A Cleuren
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kärt Tomberg
- Departement of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Peter Gergics
- Departement of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vi T Tang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Guojing Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David Ginsburg
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Bisnett BJ, Condon BM, Linhart NA, Lamb CH, Huynh DT, Bai J, Smith TJ, Hu J, Georgiou GR, Boyce M. Evidence for nutrient-dependent regulation of the COPII coat by O-GlcNAcylation. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1102-1120. [PMID: 34142147 PMCID: PMC8457363 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic form of intracellular glycosylation common in animals, plants and other organisms. O-GlcNAcylation is essential in mammalian cells and is dysregulated in myriad human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. Despite this pathophysiological significance, key aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain incompletely understood, including its impact on fundamental cell biological processes. Here, we investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the coat protein II complex (COPII), a system universally conserved in eukaryotes that mediates anterograde vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. We identify new O-GlcNAcylation sites on Sec24C, Sec24D and Sec31A, core components of the COPII system, and provide evidence for potential nutrient-sensitive pathway regulation through site-specific glycosylation. Our work suggests a new connection between metabolism and trafficking through the conduit of COPII protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brett M Condon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Noah A Linhart
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Caitlin H Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Duc T Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jimin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George R Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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16
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Tang BL. Defects in early secretory pathway transport machinery components and neurodevelopmental disorders. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:851-869. [PMID: 33781010 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The early secretory pathway, provisionally comprising of vesicular traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, occurs constitutively in mammalian cells. Critical for a constant supply of secretory and plasma membrane (PM) materials, the pathway is presumably essential for general cellular function and survival. Neurons exhibit a high intensity in membrane dynamics and protein/lipid trafficking, with differential and polarized trafficking towards the somatodendritic and axonal PM domains. Mutations in genes encoding early secretory pathway membrane trafficking machinery components are known to result in neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders with disease manifestation in early life. Here, such rare disorders associated with autosomal recessive mutations in coat proteins, membrane tethering complexes and membrane fusion machineries responsible for trafficking in the early secretory pathway are summarily discussed. These mutations affected genes encoding subunits of coat protein complex I and II, subunits of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes, members of the YIP1 domain family (YIPF) and a SNAP receptor (SNARE) family member. Why the ubiquitously present and constitutively acting early secretory pathway machinery components could specifically affect neurodevelopment is addressed, with the plausible underlying disease etiologies and neuropathological mechanisms resulting from these mutations explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore117597, Singapore
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17
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Ferro-Novick S, Reggiori F, Brodsky JL. ER-Phagy, ER Homeostasis, and ER Quality Control: Implications for Disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:630-639. [PMID: 33509650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments by autophagy, termed ER-phagy or reticulophagy, occurs under normal as well as stress conditions. The recent discovery of multiple ER-phagy receptors has stimulated studies on the roles of ER-phagy. We discuss how the ER-phagy receptors and the cellular components that work with these receptors mediate two important functions: ER homeostasis and ER quality control. We highlight that ER-phagy plays an important role in alleviating ER expansion induced by ER stress, and acts as an alternative disposal pathway for misfolded proteins. We suggest that the latter function explains the emerging connection between ER-phagy and disease. Additional ER-phagy-associated functions and important unanswered questions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ferro-Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668, USA.
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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18
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Loi M, Marazza A, Molinari M. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and ER-Phagy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:99-114. [PMID: 34050863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a biosynthetic organelle in eukaryotic cells. Its capacity to produce proteins, lipids and oligosaccharides responds to physiologic and pathologic demand. The transcriptional and translational unfolded protein response (UPR) programs increase ER size and activity. In contrast, ER-phagy programs in all their flavors select ER subdomains for lysosomal clearance. These programs are activated by nutrient deprivation, accumulation of excess ER (recov-ER-phagy), production of misfolded proteins that cannot be degraded by ER-associated degradation and that are removed from cells by the so-called ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD). Selection of ER subdomains to be cleared from cells relies on ER-phagy receptors, a class of membrane-bound proteins displaying cytosolic domains that engage the cytosolic ubiquitin-like protein LC3. Mechanistically, ER clearance proceeds via macro-ER-phagy, micro-ER-phagy and LC3-regulated vesicular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Loi
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Marazza
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Chen TY, Liu Y, Chen L, Luo J, Zhang C, Shen XF. Identification of the potential biomarkers in patients with glioma: a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:743-750. [PMID: 31761927 PMCID: PMC7351128 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor with high mortality. However, there are still challenges for the timely and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of the tumor. One hundred and twenty-one samples with grades II, III and IV from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to construct gene co-expression networks to identify hub modules closely related to glioma grade, and performed pathway enrichment analysis on genes from significant modules. In gene co-expression network constructed by 2345 differentially expressed genes from 121 gene expression profiles for glioma, we identified the black and blue modules that associated with grading. The module preservation analysis based on 118 samples indicates that the two modules were replicable. Enrichment analysis showed that the extracellular matrix genes were enriched for blue module, while cell division genes were enriched for black module. According to survival analysis, 21 hub genes were significantly up-regulated and one gene was significantly down-regulated. What’s more, IKBIP, SEC24D, and FAM46A are the genes with little attention among the 22 hub genes. In this study, IKBIP, SEC24D, and FAM46A related to glioma were mentioned for the first time to the current knowledge, which might provide a new idea for us to study the disease in the future. IKBIP, SEC24D and FAM46A among the 22 hub genes identified that are related to the malignancy degree of glioma might be used as new biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chen
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiyan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Xian-Feng Shen
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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20
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Vps13 is required for the packaging of the ER into autophagosomes during ER-phagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18530-18539. [PMID: 32690699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008923117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) macroautophagy (hereafter called ER-phagy) uses autophagy receptors to selectively degrade ER domains in response to starvation or the accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins. Autophagy receptors package the ER into autophagosomes by binding to the ubiquitin-like yeast protein Atg8 (LC3 in mammals), which is needed for autophagosome formation. In budding yeast, cortical and cytoplasmic ER-phagy requires the autophagy receptor Atg40. While different ER autophagy receptors have been identified, little is known about other components of the ER-phagy machinery. In an effort to identify these components, we screened the genome-wide library of viable yeast deletion mutants for defects in the degradation of cortical ER following treatment with rapamycin, a drug that mimics starvation. Among the mutants we identified was vps13Δ. While yeast has one gene that encodes the phospholipid transporter VPS13, humans have four vacuolar protein-sorting (VPS) protein 13 isoforms. Mutations in all four human isoforms have been linked to different neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Our findings have shown that Vps13 acts after Atg40 engages the autophagy machinery. Vps13 resides at contact sites between the ER and several organelles, including late endosomes. In the absence of Vps13, the cortical ER marker Rtn1 accumulated at late endosomes, and a dramatic decrease in ER packaging into autophagosomes was observed. Together, these studies suggest a role for Vps13 in the sequestration of the ER into autophagosomes at late endosomes. These observations may have important implications for understanding Parkinson's and other neurological diseases.
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21
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Huang S, Tang M, Jiang H, Li Y, Hu H. A COPII subunit interacting with ER-phagy receptor: a new potential avenue to maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:698-700. [PMID: 32348448 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Honglu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Radio and TV University, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, China
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22
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Cui Y, Parashar S, Zahoor M, Needham PG, Mari M, Zhu M, Chen S, Ho HC, Reggiori F, Farhan H, Brodsky JL, Ferro-Novick S. A COPII subunit acts with an autophagy receptor to target endoplasmic reticulum for degradation. Science 2020; 365:53-60. [PMID: 31273116 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COPII-cargo adaptor complex Lst1-Sec23 selectively sorts proteins into vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and traffic to the Golgi. Improperly folded proteins are prevented from exiting the ER and are degraded. ER-phagy is an autophagic degradation pathway that uses ER-resident receptors. Working in yeast, we found an unexpected role for Lst1-Sec23 in ER-phagy that was independent from its function in secretion. Up-regulation of the stress-inducible ER-phagy receptor Atg40 induced the association of Lst1-Sec23 with Atg40 at distinct ER domains to package ER into autophagosomes. Lst1-mediated ER-phagy played a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by preventing the accumulation of an aggregation-prone protein in the ER. Lst1 function appears to be conserved because its mammalian homolog, SEC24C, was also required for ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Cui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Smriti Parashar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick G Needham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Muriel Mari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuliang Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chung Ho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Susan Ferro-Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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23
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Li M, Shin J, Risgaard RD, Parries MJ, Wang J, Chasman D, Liu S, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A, Zhao X. Identification of FMR1-regulated molecular networks in human neurodevelopment. Genome Res 2020; 30:361-374. [PMID: 32179589 PMCID: PMC7111522 DOI: 10.1101/gr.251405.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) play critical roles in development and disease to regulate gene expression. However, genome-wide identification of their targets in primary human cells has been challenging. Here, we applied a modified CLIP-seq strategy to identify genome-wide targets of the FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1), a brain-enriched RNA-BP, whose deficiency leads to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability. We identified FMR1 targets in human dorsal and ventral forebrain neural progenitors and excitatory and inhibitory neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. In parallel, we measured the transcriptomes of the same four cell types upon FMR1 gene deletion. We discovered that FMR1 preferentially binds long transcripts in human neural cells. FMR1 targets include genes unique to human neural cells and associated with clinical phenotypes of FXS and autism. Integrative network analysis using graph diffusion and multitask clustering of FMR1 CLIP-seq and transcriptional targets reveals critical pathways regulated by FMR1 in human neural development. Our results demonstrate that FMR1 regulates a common set of targets among different neural cell types but also operates in a cell type-specific manner targeting distinct sets of genes in human excitatory and inhibitory neural progenitors and neurons. By defining molecular subnetworks and validating specific high-priority genes, we identify novel components of the FMR1 regulation program. Our results provide new insights into gene regulation by a critical neuronal RNA-BP in human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Junha Shin
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Ryan D Risgaard
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Molly J Parries
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Lu CL, Kim J. Consequences of mutations in the genes of the ER export machinery COPII in vertebrates. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:199-209. [PMID: 31970693 PMCID: PMC7058761 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coat protein complex II (COPII) plays an essential role in the export of cargo molecules such as secretory proteins, membrane proteins, and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In yeast, the COPII machinery is critical for cell viability as most COPII knockout mutants fail to survive. In mice and fish, homozygous knockout mutants of most COPII genes are embryonic lethal, reflecting the essentiality of the COPII machinery in the early stages of vertebrate development. In humans, COPII mutations, which are often hypomorphic, cause diseases having distinct clinical features. This is interesting as the fundamental cellular defect of these diseases, that is, failure of ER export, is similar. Analyses of humans and animals carrying COPII mutations have revealed clues to why a similar ER export defect can cause such different diseases. Previous reviews have focused mainly on the deficit of secretory or membrane proteins in the final destinations because of an ER export block. In this review, we also underscore the other consequence of the ER export block, namely ER stress triggered by the accumulation of cargo proteins in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jinoh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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25
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Wang B, Stanford KR, Kundu M. ER-to-Golgi Trafficking and Its Implication in Neurological Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E408. [PMID: 32053905 PMCID: PMC7073182 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane and secretory proteins are essential for almost every aspect of cellular function. These proteins are incorporated into ER-derived carriers and transported to the Golgi before being sorted for delivery to their final destination. Although ER-to-Golgi trafficking is highly conserved among eukaryotes, several layers of complexity have been added to meet the increased demands of complex cell types in metazoans. The specialized morphology of neurons and the necessity for precise spatiotemporal control over membrane and secretory protein localization and function make them particularly vulnerable to defects in trafficking. This review summarizes the general mechanisms involved in ER-to-Golgi trafficking and highlights mutations in genes affecting this process, which are associated with neurological diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.W.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Katherine R. Stanford
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.W.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.W.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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26
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Peotter J, Kasberg W, Pustova I, Audhya A. COPII-mediated trafficking at the ER/ERGIC interface. Traffic 2019; 20:491-503. [PMID: 31059169 PMCID: PMC6640837 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coat proteins play multiple roles in the life cycle of a membrane-bound transport intermediate, functioning in lipid bilayer remodeling, cargo selection and targeting to an acceptor compartment. The Coat Protein complex II (COPII) coat is known to act in each of these capacities, but recent work highlights the necessity for numerous accessory factors at all stages of transport carrier existence. Here, we review recent findings that highlight the roles of COPII and its regulators in the biogenesis of tubular COPII-coated carriers in mammalian cells that enable cargo transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and ER-Golgi intermediate compartments, the first step in a series of trafficking events that ultimately allows for the distribution of biosynthetic secretory cargoes throughout the entire endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peotter
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Iryna Pustova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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27
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Kasture AS, Bartel D, Steinkellner T, Sucic S, Hummel T, Freissmuth M. Distinct contribution of axonal and somatodendritic serotonin transporters in drosophila olfaction. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107564. [PMID: 30851308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates serotonergic neurotransmission by retrieving released serotonin and replenishing vesicular stores. SERT is not only delivered to axons but it is also present on the neuronal soma and on dendrites. It has not been possible to restrict the distribution of SERT without affecting transporter function. Hence, the physiological role of somatodendritic SERT remains enigmatic. The SERT C-terminus harbors a conserved RI-motif, which recruits SEC24C, a cargo receptor in the coatomer protein-II coat. Failure to engage SEC24C precludes axonal enrichment of SERT. Here we introduced a point mutation into the RI-motif of human SERT causing confinement of the resulting - otherwise fully functional - hSERT-R607A on the somatodendritic membrane of primary rat dorsal raphe neurons. Transgenic expression of the corresponding Drosophila mutant dSERT-R599A led to its enrichment in the somatodendritic compartment of serotonergic neurons in the fly brain. We explored the possible physiological role of somatodendritic SERT by comparing flies harboring wild type SERT and dSERT-R599A in a behavioral paradigm for serotonin-modulated odor perception. When globally re-expressed in serotonergic neurons, wild type SERT but not dSERT-R599A restored ethanol preference. In contrast, dSERT-R599A restored ethanol preference after targeted expression in contralaterally projecting, serotonin-immunoreactive deuterocerebral (CSD) interneurons, while expression of wild type SERT caused ethanol aversion. We conclude that, in CSD neurons, (i) somatodendritic SERT supports ethanol attraction, (ii) axonal SERT specifies ethanol aversion, (iii) the effect of axonal SERT can override that of somatodendritic SERT. These observations demonstrate a distinct biological role of somatodendritic and axonal serotonin transport. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sanjay Kasture
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Bartel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Steinkellner
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Neumann A, Schindler M, Olofsson D, Wilhelmi I, Schürmann A, Heyd F. Genome-wide identification of alternative splicing events that regulate protein transport across the secretory pathway. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230201. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) strongly increases proteome diversity and functionality in eukaryotic cells. Protein secretion is a tightly-controlled process, especially in a tissue-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. While previous work has focussed on transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms, the impact of AS on the secretory pathway remains largely unexplored. Here we integrate a published screen for modulators of protein transport and RNA-Seq analyses to identify over 200 AS events as secretion regulators. We confirm that splicing events along all stages of the secretory pathway regulate the efficiency of membrane trafficking using Morpholinos and CRISPR/Cas9. We furthermore show that these events are highly tissue-specific and adapt the secretory pathway during T-cell activation and adipocyte differentiation. Our data substantially advance the understanding of AS functionality, add a new regulatory layer to a fundamental cell biological process and provide a resource of alternative isoforms that control the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neumann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schindler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Didrik Olofsson
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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