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Sefik E, Duan K, Li Y, Sholar B, Evans L, Pincus J, Ammar Z, Murphy MM, Klaiman C, Saulnier CA, Pulver SL, Goldman-Yassen AE, Guo Y, Walker EF, Li L, Mulle JG, Shultz S. Structural deviations of the posterior fossa and the cerebellum and their cognitive links in a neurodevelopmental deletion syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02584-8. [PMID: 38744992 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
High-impact genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders provide biologically-defined entry points for mechanistic investigation. The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) is one such variant, conferring a 40-100-fold increased risk for schizophrenia, as well as high risk for autism and intellectual disability. However, the mechanisms leading to neurodevelopmental disability remain largely unknown. Here, we report the first in vivo quantitative neuroimaging study in individuals with 3q29Del (N = 24) and neurotypical controls (N = 1608) using structural MRI. Given prior radiology reports of posterior fossa abnormalities in 3q29Del, we focused our investigation on the cerebellum and its tissue-types and lobules. Additionally, we compared the prevalence of cystic/cyst-like malformations of the posterior fossa between 3q29Del and controls and examined the association between neuroanatomical findings and quantitative traits to probe gene-brain-behavior relationships. 3q29Del participants had smaller cerebellar cortex volumes than controls, before and after correction for intracranial volume (ICV). An anterior-posterior gradient emerged in finer grained lobule-based and voxel-wise analyses. 3q29Del participants also had larger cerebellar white matter volumes than controls following ICV-correction and displayed elevated rates of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts and mega cisterna magna findings independent of cerebellar volume. Cerebellar white matter and subregional gray matter volumes were associated with visual-perception and visual-motor integration skills as well as IQ, while cystic/cyst-like malformations yielded no behavioral link. In summary, we find that abnormal development of cerebellar structures may represent neuroimaging-based biomarkers of cognitive and sensorimotor function in 3q29Del, adding to the growing evidence identifying cerebellar pathology as an intersection point between syndromic and idiopathic forms of neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yiheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittney Sholar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsey Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan Pincus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zeena Ammar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celine A Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stormi L Pulver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam E Goldman-Yassen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Longchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Sarah Shultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Damiani S, La-Torraca-Vittori P, Tarchi L, Tosi E, Ricca V, Scalabrini A, Politi P, Fusar-Poli P. On the interplay between state-dependent reconfigurations of global signal correlation and BOLD fluctuations: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120585. [PMID: 38527658 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamics of global, state-dependent reconfigurations in brain connectivity are yet unclear. We aimed at assessing reconfigurations of the global signal correlation coefficient (GSCORR), a measure of the connectivity between each voxel timeseries and the global signal, from resting-state to a stop-signal task. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between GSCORR and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activations or deactivation across three different trial-conditions (GO, STOP-correct, and STOP-incorrect). METHODS As primary analysis we computed whole-brain, voxel-wise GSCORR during resting-state (GSCORR-rest) and stop-signal task (GSCORR-task) in 107 healthy subjects aged 21-50, deriving GSCORR-shift as GSCORR-task minus GSCORR-rest. GSCORR-tr and trGSCORR-shift were also computed on the task residual time series to quantify the impact of the task-related activity during the trials. To test the secondary aim, brain regions were firstly divided in one cluster showing significant task-related activation and one showing significant deactivation across the three trial conditions. Then, correlations between GSCORR-rest/task/shift and activation/deactivation in the two clusters were computed. As sensitivity analysis, GSCORR-shift was computed on the same sample after performing a global signal regression and GSCORR-rest/task/shift were correlated with the task performance. RESULTS Sensory and temporo-parietal regions exhibited a negative GSCORR-shift. Conversely, associative regions (ie. left lingual gyrus, bilateral dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus, cerebellum areas, thalamus, posterolateral parietal cortex) displayed a positive GSCORR-shift (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). GSCORR-shift showed similar patterns to trGSCORR-shift (magnitude increased) and after global signal regression (magnitude decreased). Concerning BOLD changes, Brodmann area 6 and inferior parietal lobule showed activation, while posterior parietal lobule, cuneus, precuneus, middle frontal gyrus showed deactivation (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). No correlations were found between GSCORR-rest/task/shift and beta-coefficients in the activation cluster, although negative correlations were observed between GSCORR-task and GO/STOP-correct deactivation (Pearson rho=-0.299/-0.273; Bonferroni-p < 0.05). Weak associations between GSCORR and task performance were observed (uncorrected p < 0.05). CONCLUSION GSCORR state-dependent reconfiguration indicates a reallocation of functional resources to associative areas during stop-signal task. GSCORR, activation and deactivation may represent distinct proxies of brain states with specific neurofunctional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tosi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy; Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK; Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudlsey (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
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Mendes NT, Ronchi NR, Silva GD. A Systematic Review on Anti-Yo/PCA-1 Antibody: Beyond Cerebellar Ataxia in Middle-Aged Women with Gynecologic Cancer. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1287-1292. [PMID: 36334195 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of anti-Yo/PCA1 antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia is based on case reports and small case series. Our goal was to summarize clinical features, highlighting atypical presentations and gaps of knowledge. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically screened Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to April 2022 for all case reports and series concerning anti-Yo antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia. We collected data on clinical presentation, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes. Of 379 included patients, 96% were female with gynecologic cancer (82%). Among men, 87% had an associated tumor, mainly of gastrointestinal origin. The median age was 60 years old. Pancerebellar ataxia was the main clinical feature, but extracerebellar findings were frequent during the disease course. Vertigo and imbalance can be present early in the disease course in about two thirds of patients, as a prodromal phase. Although neuroimaging usually is normal or shows cerebellar atrophy, inflammatory changes may also be present. More than half of the patients reported some improvement after immunotherapy. However, despite treatment, 84% of survivors were unable to walk unassisted on follow-up. Our study provides objective data and advances in current knowledge of anti-Yo antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia such as the description of prodromal symptoms, extracerebellar findings, and its presentations in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Trombini Mendes
- Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, 255, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Rossoni Ronchi
- Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Diogo Silva
- Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, 255, Brazil
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Manto M, Mitoma H. Recent Advances in Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Approaches, Therapies, and Future Challenges-Editorial. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1626. [PMID: 38137074 PMCID: PMC10741786 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical category of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) has been established after 3 decades of clinical and experimental research. The cerebellum is particularly enriched in antigens (ion channels and related proteins, synaptic adhesion/organizing proteins, transmitter receptors, glial cells) and is vulnerable to immune attacks. IMCAs include various disorders, including gluten ataxia (GA), post-infectious cerebellitis (PIC), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), and anti-GAD ataxia. Other disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Behçet disease, and collagen vascular disorders may also present with cerebellar symptoms when lesions are localized to cerebellar pathways. The triggers of autoimmunity are established in GA (gluten sensitivity), PIC and MFS (infections), PCD (malignancy), and OMS (infections or malignant tumors). Patients whose clinical profiles do not match those of classic types of IMCAs are now included in the spectrum of primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA). Recent remarkable progress has clarified various characteristics of these etiologies and therapeutic strategies in terms of immunotherapies. However, it still remains to be elucidated as to how immune tolerance is broken, leading to autoimmune insults of the cerebellum, and the consecutive sequence of events occurring during cerebellar damage caused by antibody- or cell-mediated mechanisms. Antibodies may specifically target the cerebellar circuitry and impair synaptic mechanisms (synaptopathies). The present Special Issue aims to illuminate what is solved and what is unsolved in clinical practice and the pathophysiology of IMCAs. Immune ataxias now represent a genuine category of immune insults to the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
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Qu L, Liu C, Cao Y, Shi J, Yin K, Liu W. Differences and Changes in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity of Parkinson's Patients with Visual Hallucinations. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1458. [PMID: 37891826 PMCID: PMC10605214 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered that functional connections are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) accompanied by hallucinations (PD-H), even at the preclinical stage. The cerebellum has been implicated in playing a role in cognitive processes. However, the functional connectivity (FC) between the cognitive sub-regions of the cerebellum in PD patients with hallucinations needs further clarification. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected from three groups (17 PD-H patients, 13 patients with Parkinson's disease not accompanied by hallucinations (PD-NH), and 26 healthy controls (HC)). The data were collected in this study to investigate the impact of cerebellar FC changes on cognitive performance. Additionally, we define cerebellar FC as a training feature for classifying all subjects using Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We found that in the PD-H patients, there was an increase in FC within the left side of the precuneus (PCUN) compared to the HC. Additionally, there was an increase in FC within the bilateral opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFGoprec) and triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFCtriang), as well as the left side of the postcentral gyrus (PoCG), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and PCUN compared to the PD-NH patients. In the machine learning training results, cerebellar FC has also been proven to be an effective biomarker feature, achieving a recognition rate of over 90% for PD-H. These findings indicate that the cortico-cerebellar FC in PD-H and PD-NH patients was significantly disrupted, with different patterns of distribution. The proposed pipeline offers a promising, low-cost alternative for diagnosing preclinical PD-H and may also be beneficial for other degenerative brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcheng Qu
- Link Sense Laboratory, Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology, Nanjing 210019, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.)
| | - Chuan Liu
- Link Sense Laboratory, Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology, Nanjing 210019, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.)
| | - Yiting Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (Y.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (Y.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Kuiying Yin
- Link Sense Laboratory, Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology, Nanjing 210019, China; (L.Q.); (C.L.)
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (Y.C.); (J.S.)
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Torres K, Singleton M. Analyses of correct responses and errors on measures of verbal fluency among Parkinson's disease and essential tremor patients. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:1479-1497. [PMID: 36550679 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2157885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) involve neuroanatomical circuitry that impact frontal lobe functioning, via the striatum and cerebellum, respectively. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate quantitative and qualitative performance between and within these groups on measures of verbal fluency. Method: Sixty-three PD and 53 ET patients completed neuropsychological testing. Linear regression models with robust variance estimation compared verbal fluency performance between groups related to correct responses and errors. Paired t-tests investigated within group error rates. Results: PD patients gave more correct responses for phonological (β ̂ =5.3, p=.01) and category fluency (β ̂ =4.1, p=.01) than ET patients; however, when processing speed was added as a covariate, this attenuated performance on both measures and only phonological fluency remained significant (β ̂ =4.0, p=.04). There were no statistical differences in error scores between groups. Error rates within groups suggested that PD patients had higher error rates in total errors and perseveration errors on phonological fluency (M = 2.6, p=.00; M = 1.6, p=.00) and higher total errors and set-loss error rates on category switching (M = 5.1, p<.001; M = 4.1, p<.001). ET patients had higher error rate with relation to total errors and set-loss errors on phonological fluency (M = 2.5, p=.00; M = 1.5, p=.02) and category switching (M = 3.9, p=,00; M = 3.9, p<.001). Conclusions: PD patients performed better than ET patients on phonological fluency. PD patients appear to make more perseveration errors on phonological fluency, while ET patients made more set-loss errors. Implications for frontal lobe dysfunction and clinical impact are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Torres
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Singleton
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wu CQ, Cowan FM, Jary S, Thoresen M, Chakkarapani E, Spencer APC. Cerebellar growth, volume and diffusivity in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy without cerebral palsy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14869. [PMID: 37684324 PMCID: PMC10491605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Children cooled for HIE and who did not develop cerebral palsy (CP) still underperform at early school age in motor and cognitive domains and have altered supra-tentorial brain volumes and white matter connectivity. We obtained T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI, motor (MABC-2) and cognitive (WISC-IV) scores from children aged 6-8 years who were cooled for HIE secondary to perinatal asphyxia without CP (cases), and controls matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. In 35 case children, we measured cerebellar growth from infancy (age 4-15 days after birth) to childhood. In childhood, cerebellar volumes were measured in 26 cases and 23 controls. Diffusion properties (mean diffusivity, MD and fractional anisotropy, FA) were calculated in 24 cases and 19 controls, in 9 cerebellar regions. Cases with FSIQ ≤ 85 had reduced growth of cerebellar width compared to those with FSIQ > 85 (p = 0.0005). Regional cerebellar volumes were smaller in cases compared to controls (p < 0.05); these differences were not significant when normalised to total brain volume. There were no case-control differences in MD or FA. Interposed nucleus volume was more strongly associated with IQ in cases than in controls (p = 0.0196). Other associations with developmental outcome did not differ between cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Q Wu
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frances M Cowan
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Jary
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marianne Thoresen
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ela Chakkarapani
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS2 8EG, UK.
| | - Arthur P C Spencer
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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McGurn M, Dworkin JD, Chapman S, Huey ED, Cosentino S, Louis ED. Can the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination detect cognitive decline in elderly patients with essential tremor? Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:1173-1190. [PMID: 35762453 PMCID: PMC10069329 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Given the association between essential tremor (ET) and higher rates of cognitive decline, assessing this decline is an important element of research and clinical care. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are two broad, brief measures that are widely used to monitor cognitive impairment in various neurological disorders. We sought to determine the relative ability of the MoCA and the MMSE to detect cognitive decline in elderly patients with ET. Methods We administered a neuropsychological battery to an ET cohort every 18 months over 4.5 years. We defined the gold standard for change in cognition as the change in neuropsychological test scores over consecutive evaluations and applied the Reliable Change Method to detect meaningful increases/decreases in test scores. We performed receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to quantify the area under the curve (AUC) and compare the ability of the MoCA and the MMSE to detect cognitive decline. Results The AUCs for the MoCA and the MMSE did not differ significantly at any interval or when all intervals were pooled for analysis. Across all intervals, the ability of the MoCA and the MMSE to detect cognitive decline was consistently fair or poor. Conclusions We found that the ability of the MoCA and the MMSE to detect cognitive decline in ET patients over 18-month intervals is inadequate. Unchanged scores on the MoCA and the MMSE in ET over time should be approached with caution. We propose that these screening tools should be supplemented with additional neuropsychological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McGurn
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jordan D Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Chapman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward D Huey
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Skolasinska P, Basak C, Qin S. Influence of Strenuous Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Age-Related Differences in Brain Activations During Varieties of Cognitive Control. Neuroscience 2023; 520:58-83. [PMID: 37054946 PMCID: PMC10234626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
While there is extensive literature on the beneficial effects of physical activity on age differences in cognitive control, limited research exists on comparing the contributions of strenuous physical activity (sPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals during varieties of cognitive control. The current study addresses this gap in knowledge by investigating BOLD signal differences between high-fit and low-fit older adults, determined by their sPA or CRF, during a novel fMRI task with a hybrid block and event-related design that included transient activations (during switching, updating and their combination trials) and sustained activations (during proactive and reactive control blocks). fBOLD signals from older (n = 25) were compared to more functionally efficient younger (n = 15) adults. High-sPA old showed higher task accuracy than Low-sPA old and similar accuracy as young. Whole-brain fMRI analyses identified higher BOLD activations (esp. dlPFC/MFG) in high-fit old during updating and combination trials that were similar to young, suggesting maintenance of BOLD signals in higher fit older adults during working memory updating. Additionally, both High-sPA and High-CRF related compensatory overactivation were observed in left parietal and occipital areas during sustained activations, which were positively correlated with older adults' accuracy. These results suggest that physical fitness is a modifier of age-related changes in BOLD signal modulation elicited in response to increasing cognitive control demands, with higher fitness in old contributing to both compensatory overactivations and maintenance of task-related brain activations during cognitive control, whereas lower fitness contributed to maladaptive overactivations during lower cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Skolasinska
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Chandramallika Basak
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Shuo Qin
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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Mahzarnia A, Stout JA, Anderson RJ, Moon HS, Yar Han Z, Beck K, Browndyke JN, Dunson DB, Johnson KG, O’Brien RJ, Badea A. Identifying vulnerable brain networks associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5307-5322. [PMID: 36320163 PMCID: PMC10399292 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of brain networks in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may help differentiate pathological from normal aging at asymptomatic stages, allowing the implementation of more effective interventions. We used a sample of 72 people across the age span, enriched for the APOE4 genotype to reveal vulnerable networks associated with a composite AD risk factor including age, genotype, and sex. Sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed a high weight associated with genotype, and subgraphs involving the cuneus, temporal, cingulate cortices, and cerebellum. Adding cognitive metrics to the risk factor revealed the highest cumulative degree of connectivity for the pericalcarine cortex, insula, banks of the superior sulcus, and the cerebellum. To enable scaling up our approach, we extended tensor network principal component analysis, introducing CCA components. We developed sparse regression predictive models with errors of 17% for genotype, 24% for family risk factor for AD, and 5 years for age. Age prediction in groups including cognitively impaired subjects revealed regions not found using only normal subjects, i.e. middle and transverse temporal, paracentral and superior banks of temporal sulcus, as well as the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus. These modeling approaches represent stepping stones towards single subject prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahzarnia
- Radiology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Jacques A Stout
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Robert J Anderson
- Radiology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Hae Sol Moon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Zay Yar Han
- Radiology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Kate Beck
- Neurology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Browndyke
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - David B Dunson
- Statistical Sciences, Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Kim G Johnson
- Neurology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Richard J O’Brien
- Neurology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Badea
- Radiology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
- Neurology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, 27710 NC, USA
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11
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Sefik E, Boamah M, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan MS, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Walker EF. Sex- and Age-Specific Deviations in Cerebellar Structure and Their Link With Symptom Dimensions and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:350-363. [PMID: 36394426 PMCID: PMC10016422 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical high-risk (CHR) period offers a temporal window into neurobiological deviations preceding psychosis onset, but little attention has been given to regions outside the cerebrum in large-scale studies of CHR. Recently, the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS)-2 revealed altered functional connectivity of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry among individuals at CHR; however, cerebellar morphology remains underinvestigated in this at-risk population, despite growing evidence of its involvement in psychosis. STUDY DESIGN In this multisite study, we analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained from N = 469 CHR individuals (61% male, ages = 12-36 years) and N = 212 healthy controls (52% male, ages = 12-34 years) from NAPLS-2, with a focus on cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes separately. Symptoms were rated by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). The outcome by two-year follow-up was categorized as in-remission, symptomatic, prodromal-progression, or psychotic. General linear models were used for case-control comparisons and tests for volumetric associations with baseline SIPS ratings and clinical outcomes. STUDY RESULTS Cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes differed between the CHR and healthy control groups at baseline, with sex moderating the difference in cortical volumes, and both sex and age moderating the difference in white matter volumes. Baseline ratings for major psychosis-risk dimensions as well as a clinical outcome at follow-up had tissue-specific associations with cerebellar volumes. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to clinically relevant deviations in cerebellar cortex and white matter structures among CHR individuals and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between sex and age when studying the neuromaturational substrates of psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Boamah
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Hussein AM, Mahmoud SA, Elazab KM, Abouelnaga AF, Abass M, Mosa AAH, Hussein MAM, Elsayed MEG. Possible Mechanisms of the Neuroprotective Actions of Date Palm Fruits Aqueous Extracts against Valproic Acid-Induced Autism in Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1627-1643. [PMID: 36826050 PMCID: PMC9954972 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine how palm date aqueous fruit extracts (AFE) affected the autistic-like behaviors brought on by valproic acid (VPA) injection, as well as any potential contributions from Sirt-1, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The pregnant Sprague Dawley females were treated with VPA at 12.5th gestation day and pregnant females and their offspring were treated with AFE orally at doses of 4 mg/Kg by gastric gavage for 45 days after birth. The elevated plus-T maze, water maze, and rotarod tests were used to examine autism-like behaviors. At the end of the study, the expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), Sirt-1, caspase-3 (a marker of apoptosis), LC3 (a marker of autophagy), and NFκB (inflammatory cytokines) were evaluated along with the oxidative stress in brain tissues and the histological changes in the cerebellum and hippocampus. The neurobehavioral assessments significantly declined due to VPA, which also significantly increased oxidative stress in the brain tissues and significantly decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Additionally, VPA administration caused significant increase in the expression of caspase-3 in the cerebellar cortex, not in the hippocampus; LC3 and NFκB in the hippocampus, not in the cerebellar cortex; and significant reduction in the expression of Sirt-1 in the hippocampus, not in the cerebellum. On the other hand, AFE treatment significantly improved the neurobehavioral changes as well as it improved significantly the oxidative stress and the expression of LC3, NFκB, NrF2, HO-1, and Sirt-1 in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Conclusions: AFE administration might improve the autistic-like symptoms induced by VPA in rats via attenuation of the oxidative stress, upregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1, Sirt-1 and LC3 expression with downregulation of caspase-3, and NFκB expression in the cerebellum and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz M. Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-02421140; Fax: +20-5-02263717
| | | | | | - Ahmed F. Abouelnaga
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abass
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. H. Mosa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed E. G. Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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13
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Olivito G, Siciliano L, Clausi S, Lupo M, Baiocco R, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Delle Chiaie R, Laghi F, Leggio M. The Cerebellum Gets Social: Evidence from an Exploratory Study of Cerebellar, Neurodevelopmental, and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:309. [PMID: 36830846 PMCID: PMC9953169 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Social prediction is a key feature of social cognition (SC), a function in which the modulating role of the cerebellum is recognized. Accordingly, cerebellar alterations are reported in cerebellar pathologies, neurodevelopmental disorders, and psychiatric conditions that show SC deficits. Nevertheless, to date, no study has directly compared populations representative of these three conditions with respect to SC and cerebellar alterations. Therefore, the present exploratory study aimed to compare the SC profiles of individuals with cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders (CB), autism (ASD), bipolar disorder type 2 (BD2), or healthy subjects (HS) using a battery of social tests requiring different degrees of prediction processing. The patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared among the groups using voxel-based morphometry. Compared to HS, the clinical groups showed common SC deficits in tasks involving a moderate to high level of prediction. The behavioral results of the clinical groups are consistent with the presence of overlapping GM reduction in cerebellar right Crus II, an area notably involved in complex social processing and prediction. Although exploratory and preliminary, these results deepen the cerebellar role in social prediction and highlight the transdiagnostic value of the cerebellum in social functioning and prediction in pathologies of different aetiologies, forecasting novel possibilities for shared interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Clausi
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Klinikos Center for Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy, Viale delle Milizie 38, 00192 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell’Età Evolutiva ASL, Roma 2, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
- Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
- Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
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14
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Scuderi A, Prato A, Dicanio D, Spoto G, Salpietro V, Ceravolo G, Granata F, Farello G, Iapadre G, Zagaroli L, Nanni G, Ceravolo I, Pironti E, Amore G, Rosa GD. Age-Related Neurodevelopmental Features in Children with Joubert Syndrome. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare inherited disorder of central nervous system with neonatal/infantile onset, mainly affecting cerebellum and brainstem, and clinically characterized by agenesis or dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis with accompanying brainstem malformations. More than 20 disease-causing genes have been associated with JS but a clear genotype–phenotype correlation has not been assessed yet. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by detection of the JS neuroradiological hallmark, the molar tooth sign. Patients with JS typically present with neurological manifestations, moreover, a heterogeneous spectrum of multisystemic anomalies may be observed. Signs and symptoms onset varies according to the age range and clinical diagnosis might become complicated. Moreover, specific neurodevelopmental disorders can be associated with JS such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit with hyperactivity, and a wide range of behavioral disturbances. Here, we examined the main neurological and neurodevelopmental features of JS according to an age-dependent mode of presentation. Furthermore, differential diagnosis with other neurological syndromes was closely reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scuderi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Prato
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Dicanio
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Ceravolo
- Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Granata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Farello
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Giulia Iapadre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Zagaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliana Nanni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ida Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erica Pironti
- Department of Woman-Child, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Ospedali Riuniti, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Greta Amore
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Rousseau PN, Chakravarty MM, Steele CJ. Mapping pontocerebellar connectivity with diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119684. [PMID: 36252913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum's involvement in cognitive, affective and motor functions is mediated by connections to different regions of the cerebral cortex. A distinctive feature of cortico-cerebellar loops that has been demonstrated in the animal work is a topographic organization that is preserved across its corticopontine, pontocerebellar, and cerebello-thalmo-cortical segments. Here we used tractography derived from diffusion imaging data to characterize the connections between the pons and the individual lobules of the cerebellum and generate a parcellation of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle based on the pattern of connectivity. We identified a rostral to caudal gradient in the pons, similar to that observed in the animal work, such that rostral regions were preferentially connected to cerebellar lobules involved in non-motor, and caudal regions with motor regions. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of the cerebellum, and the parcellations we generated provide context for future research into the pontocerebellar tract's involvement in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Ratajska AM, Lopez FV, Kenney L, Jacobson C, Foote KD, Okun MS, Bowers D. Cognitive subtypes in individuals with essential tremor seeking deep brain stimulation. Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 36:1705-1727. [PMID: 33567972 PMCID: PMC8966432 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1882578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder that has been associated with 60% increased risk of developing dementia. The goals of the present study were to: (a) learn whether individuals with advanced ET symptoms seeking deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery would fall into distinct cognitive subgroups, and (b) learn how empirically derived subgroups map onto criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method: Patients with ET (N = 201; mean age = 68.9 ± 8.9 years) undergoing pre-surgical evaluation for DBS completed a multi-domain neurocognitive assessment consisting of memory, executive function, visuospatial skill, language, and processing speed. Two cluster analytic approaches (K-means, hierarchical) were independently conducted to classify cognitive patterns using domain composites. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and proportion of cases meeting neuropsychologically defined criteria for MCI were examined among clusters. Results: A three-cluster solution reflected a Low Executive group (N = 64), Low Memory Multi-Domain group (N = 41), and Cognitively Normal group (N = 96). The Cognitively Normal group was older and more educated, with a higher Dementia Rating Scale-2 score. In total, 27.4% of participants met criteria for MCI. Of the MCI cases, most were in the Low Executive (41.8%) or Low Memory Multi-Domain groups (49.1%). In the latter, 65.9% of its members were classified as MCI versus 35.9% in the Low Executive group. Conclusions: Our study identified three cognitive subtypes of ET patients presenting for DBS. Future work should examine the subgroups for progression to dementia, particularly the Low Memory Multi-Domain subgroup which may be at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna M. Ratajska
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Francesca V. Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lauren Kenney
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Charles Jacobson
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelly D. Foote
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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17
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Rosemann S, Rauschecker JP. Neuroanatomical alterations in middle frontal gyrus and the precuneus related to tinnitus and tinnitus distress. Hear Res 2022; 424:108595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Ponce GV, Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. A Brief History of Cerebellar Neurostimulation. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:715-730. [PMID: 34403075 PMCID: PMC9325826 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The first attempts at using electric stimulation to study human brain functions followed the experiments of Luigi Galvani and Giovanni Aldini on animal electricity during the eighteenth century. Since then, the cerebellum has been among the areas that have been studied by invasive and non-invasive forms of electrical and magnetic stimulation. During the nineteenth century, animal experiments were conducted to map the motor-related regions of cerebellar cortex by means of direct electric stimulation. As electric stimulation research on the cerebellum moved into the twentieth century, systematic research of electric cerebellar stimulation led to a better understanding of its effects and mechanism of action. In addition, the clinical potential of cerebellar stimulation in the treatment of motor diseases started to be explored. With the introduction of transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation, cerebellar research moved to non-invasive techniques. During the twenty-first century, following on groundbreaking research that linked the cerebellum to non-motor functions, non-invasive techniques have facilitated research into different aspects of cerebellar functioning. The present review provides a brief historical account of cerebellar neurostimulation and discusses current challenges and future direction in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo V Ponce
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Klaus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Yao Q, Tang F, Wang Y, Yan Y, Dong L, Wang T, Zhu D, Tian M, Lin X, Shi J. Effect of cerebellum stimulation on cognitive recovery in patients with Alzheimer disease: A randomized clinical trial. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:910-920. [PMID: 35700915 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that the cerebellum is involved in cognitive processing. However, the specific mechanisms through which the cerebellum repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) contributes to the cognitive state are unclear. METHODS In the current randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 27 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were randomly allotted to one of the two groups: rTMS-real or rTMS-sham. We investigated the efficacy of a four-week treatment of bilateral cerebellum rTMS to promote cognitive recovery and alter specific cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity. RESULTS The cerebellum rTMS significantly improves multi-domain cognitive functions, directly associated with the observed intrinsic functional connectivity between the cerebellum nodes and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), medial frontal cortex, and the cingulate cortex in the real rTMS group. In contrast, the sham stimulation showed no significant impact on the clinical improvements and the cerebello-cerebral connectivity. CONCLUSION Our results depict that 5 Hz rTMS of the bilateral cerebellum is a promising, non-invasive treatment of cognitive dysfunction in AD patients. This cognitive improvement is accompanied by brain connectivity modulation and is consistent with the pathophysiological brain disconnection model in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fanyu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yixin Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Minjie Tian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Haas SS, Doucet GE, Antoniades M, Modabbernia A, Corcoran CM, Kahn RS, Kambeitz J, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Borgwardt S, Brambilla P, Upthegrove R, Wood SJ, Salokangas RK, Hietala J, Meisenzahl E, Koutsouleris N, Frangou S. Evidence of discontinuity between psychosis-risk and non-clinical samples in the neuroanatomical correlates of social function. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 29:100252. [PMID: 35391789 PMCID: PMC8980307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Social dysfunction is a major feature of clinical-high-risk states for psychosis (CHR-P). Prior research has identified a neuroanatomical pattern associated with impaired social function outcome in CHR-P. The aim of the current study was to test whether social dysfunction in CHR-P is neurobiologically distinct or in a continuum with the lower end of the normal distribution of individual differences in social functioning. Methods We used a machine learning classifier to test for the presence of a previously validated brain structural pattern associated with impaired social outcome in CHR-P (CHR-outcome-neurosignature) in the neuroimaging profiles of individuals from two non-clinical samples (total n = 1763) and examined its association with social function, psychopathology and cognition. Results Although the CHR-outcome-neurosignature could be detected in a subset of the non-clinical samples, it was not associated was adverse social outcomes or higher psychopathology levels. However, participants whose neuroanatomical profiles were highly aligned with the CHR-outcome-neurosignature manifested subtle disadvantage in fluid (PFDR = 0.004) and crystallized intelligence (PFDR = 0.01), cognitive flexibility (PFDR = 0.02), inhibitory control (PFDR = 0.01), working memory (PFDR = 0.0005), and processing speed (PFDR = 0.04). Conclusions We provide evidence of divergence in brain structural underpinnings of social dysfunction derived from a psychosis-risk enriched population when applied to non-clinical samples. This approach appears promising in identifying brain mechanisms bound to psychosis through comparisons of patient populations to non-clinical samples with the same neuroanatomical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaila S. Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gaelle E. Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 14090 Mother Teresa Lane, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Mathilde Antoniades
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Amirhossein Modabbernia
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Mental Health, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK,Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- Department of Pathophysiology and Mental Health, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy,Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Raimo K.R. Salokangas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 München, Germany,Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804 München, Germany,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada,Corresponding author at: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY, 10029, NY, USA.
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21
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Shang Y, Chen X, Ai M, Gao X, Dai S, Zhao M, Yang C, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhong L, Bao T, Liu X. Association of Essential Tremor With Dementia and Affective Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:842732. [PMID: 35370922 PMCID: PMC8967984 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.842732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe dementia and affective disorders are common non-motor features in patients with essential tremor (ET). However, the relationship of ET with cognitive impairments and affective disorders remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the association of ET with dementia and affective disorders.MethodsOriginal studies published from January 1999 to October 2019 were systematically searched from the database of Medline (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD, random effect model), odds ratios (ORs), relative risk (RR), and 95% CI were calculated.ResultsCompared with the Non-ET group, patients with ET had significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (SMD, −1.16; 95% CI, −1.75 to −0.58; p = 0.0001) and had significantly higher depressive and anxiety symptoms scale score (SMD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22–0.87; p = 0.0009). The OR for dementia and affective disorders in individuals with ET compared with individuals without ET was 2.49 (95% CI, 2.17–2.85, p < 0.00001). While there was no significant difference in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score between ET and Non-ET groups (SMD, −0.52; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.13; p = 0.23), there was a significant difference in the risk of mortality between ET and Non-ET groups (RR = 4.69, 95% CI, 2.18–10.07).ConclusionThe non-motor symptoms should not be neglected among patients with ET. However, the causal relationship between ET and dementia, depression, and anxiety is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Mingda Ai
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoran Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujuan Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingjie Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Bothwin Clinical Study Consultant, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Department of Geriatrics, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center, Kunming, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Tianhao Bao
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Liu
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22
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Luo Y, Qiao M, Liang Y, Chen C, Zeng L, Wang L, Wu W. Functional Brain Connectivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment With Sleep Disorders: A Study Based on Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:812664. [PMID: 35360208 PMCID: PMC8960737 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.812664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of sleep disorder (SD) on the changes of brain network dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we compared network connectivity patterns among MCI, SD, and comorbid MCI and sleep disorders (MCI-SD) patients using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Patients and Methods A total of 60 participants were included in this study, 20 each with MCI, SD, or MCI-SD. And all participants underwent structural and functional MRI scanning. The default-mode network (DMN) was extracted by independent component analysis (ICA), and regional functional connectivity strengths were calculated and compared among groups. Results Compared to MCI patients, The DMN of MCI-SD patients demonstrated weaker functional connectivity with left middle frontal gyrus, right superior marginal gyrus, but stronger connectivity with the left parahippocampus, left precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus. Compared to the SD group, MCI-SD patients demonstrated weaker functional connectivity with right transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl’s gyrus), right precentral gyrus, and left insula, but stronger connectivity with posterior cerebellum, right middle occipital gyrus, and left precuneus. Conclusion Patients with MCI-SD show unique changes in brain network connectivity patterns compared to MCI or SD alone, likely reflecting a broader functional disconnection and the need to recruit more brain regions for functional compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Qiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongli Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lichuan Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Wu, , orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-6137
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23
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Badaly D, Beers SR, Ceschin R, Lee VK, Sulaiman S, Zahner A, Wallace J, Berdaa-Sahel A, Burns C, Lo CW, Panigrahy A. Cerebellar and Prefrontal Structures Associated With Executive Functioning in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Defects. Front Neurol 2022; 13:827780. [PMID: 35356449 PMCID: PMC8959311 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.827780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Children, adolescents, and young adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) often display executive dysfunction. We consider the prefrontal and cerebellar brain structures as mechanisms for executive dysfunction among those with CHD. Methods 55 participants with CHD (M age = 13.93) and 95 healthy controls (M age = 13.13) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, from which we extracted volumetric data on prefrontal and cerebellar regions. Participants also completed neuropsychological tests of executive functioning; their parents completed ratings of their executive functions. Results Compared to healthy controls, those with CHD had smaller cerebellums and lateral, medial, and orbital prefrontal regions, they performed more poorly on tests of working memory, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility, and their parents rated them as having poorer executive functions across several indices. Across both groups, there were significant correlations for cerebellar and/or prefrontal volumes with cognitive assessments of working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibitory control and with parent-completed ratings of task initiation, working memory, and planning/organization. Greater prefrontal volumes were associated with better working memory, among those with larger cerebellums (with group differences based on the measure and the prefrontal region). Greater prefrontal volumes were related to better emotional regulation only among participants with CHD with smaller cerebellar volumes, and with poorer inhibition and emotional regulation only among healthy controls with larger cerebellar volumes. Conclusion The cerebellum not only contributes to executive functioning among young individuals with CHD but may also modulate the relationships between prefrontal regions and executive functioning differently for pediatric patients with CHD vs. health controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryaneh Badaly
- Learning and Development Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Daryaneh Badaly
| | - Sue R. Beers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vincent K. Lee
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shahida Sulaiman
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alexandria Zahner
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julia Wallace
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aurélia Berdaa-Sahel
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cheryl Burns
- Traumatic Brain Injury Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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24
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Liang HB, Dong L, Cui Y, Wu J, Tang W, Du X, Liu JR. Significant Structural Alterations and Functional Connectivity Alterations of Cerebellar Gray Matter in Patients With Somatic Symptom Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:816435. [PMID: 35350558 PMCID: PMC8957795 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.816435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have revealed a strong association between the cerebellum and psychiatric disorders. However, the structural changes in the cerebellar regions and functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) have not been elucidated. Methods Thirty-seven patients with SSD (29 drug-naive and 8 medicated patients) and 37 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The spatially unbiased infratentorial (SUIT) cerebellar atlas-based voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the changes in cerebellar regional gray matter (GM). Seed-based FC was further computed to explore the pattern of abnormal FC across the whole brain. Correlations were calculated to investigate the relationship between cerebellar structural (and FC) changes and clinical characteristics. Results After controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, medication, and mean FD covariates, all patients with SSD had increased mean GM volume (GMV) in the posterior lobules of the cerebellum bilaterally when compared with HCs, specifically, in the bilateral cerebellar crura I and II. Patients with SSD showed significantly stronger FC between the right crura I and II and bilateral precuneus inferior parietal region, and postcentral gyrus, extending to the superior parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and the white matter subgyral. In addition to the two clusters, right lingual gyrus was also a surviving cluster with significantly higher FC. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the degree of regional GMV increases in the two significant clusters and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score was negatively correlated. Moreover, the FC of right crura I and II with the left parietal lobe and right lingual gyrus were also negatively associated with the HAMD score. Conclusions SSD exhibited significant microstructural changes and changes in FC pattern in the posterior cerebellar lobe. These results shed new light on the psychological and neural substrates of SSD and may serve as a potential treatment target for SSD based on the cerebellar area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Bin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liao Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Du,
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jian-Ren Liu,
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25
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McAfee SS, Liu Y, Sillitoe RV, Heck DH. Cerebellar Coordination of Neuronal Communication in Cerebral Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 15:781527. [PMID: 35087384 PMCID: PMC8787113 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.781527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes involve precisely coordinated neuronal communications between multiple cerebral cortical structures in a task specific manner. Rich new evidence now implicates the cerebellum in cognitive functions. There is general agreement that cerebellar cognitive function involves interactions between the cerebellum and cerebral cortical association areas. Traditional views assume reciprocal interactions between one cerebellar and one cerebral cortical site, via closed-loop connections. We offer evidence supporting a new perspective that assigns the cerebellum the role of a coordinator of communication. We propose that the cerebellum participates in cognitive function by modulating the coherence of neuronal oscillations to optimize communications between multiple cortical structures in a task specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. McAfee
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Detlef H. Heck
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Detlef H. Heck,
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26
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Reorganization of rich clubs in functional brain networks of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 33:102930. [PMID: 34959050 PMCID: PMC8856913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DLB and AD had the different functional reorganization patterns. Rich club nodes increased in frontal-parietal network in patients with DLB. The rich club nodes in temporal lobe decreased and those in cerebellum increased for AD. Compared with HC, rich club connectivity was enhanced in the DLB and AD groups.
The purpose of this study was to reveal the patterns of reorganization of rich club organization in brain functional networks in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study found that the rich club node shifts from sensory/somatomotor network to fronto-parietal network in DLB. For AD, the rich club nodes switch between the temporal lobe with obvious structural atrophy and the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum with relatively preserved structure and function. In addition, compared with healthy controls, rich club connectivity was enhanced in the DLB and AD groups. The connection strength of DLB patients was related to cognitive assessment. In conclusion, we revealed the different functional reorganization patterns of DLB and AD. The conversion and redistribution of rich club members may play a causal role in disease-specific outcomes. It may be used as a potential biomarker to provide more accurate prevention and treatment strategies.
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27
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Dalby RB, Eskildsen SF, Videbech P, Rosenberg R, Østergaard L. Cerebral hemodynamics and capillary dysfunction in late-onset major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111383. [PMID: 34508953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In major depressive disorder (MDD), perfusion changes in cortico-limbic pathways are interpreted as altered neuronal activity, but they could also signify changes in neurovascular coupling due to altered capillary function. To examine capillary function in late-onset MDD, 22 patients and 22 age- and gender-matched controls underwent perfusion MRI. We measured normalized cerebral blood flow (nCBF), cerebral blood volume (nCBV), and relative transit-time heterogeneity (RTH). Resulting brain oxygenation was estimated in terms of oxygen tension and normalized metabolic rate of oxygen (nCMRO2). Patients revealed signs of capillary dysfunction (elevated RTH) in the anterior prefrontal cortex and ventral anterior cingulate cortex bilaterally and in the left insulate cortex compared to controls, bilateral hypometabolism (parallel reductions of nCBV, nCBF, and CMRO2) but preserved capillary function in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus bilaterally, and hyperactivity with preserved capillary function (increased nCBF) in the cerebellum and brainstem. Our data support that perfusion changes in deep nuclei and cerebellum reflect abnormally low and high activity, respectively, in MDD patients, but suggest that microvascular pathology affects neurovascular coupling in ventral circuits. We speculate that microvascular pathology is important for our understanding of etiology of late-onset MDD as well as infererences about resulting brain activity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke B Dalby
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) / MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) / MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Raben Rosenberg
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; Centre of Psychiatry Amager, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) / MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Neuroradiology Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Moon HI, Jeong YJ, Suh JH. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis for dysphagia in stroke patients with isolated cerebellar lesions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:65-74. [PMID: 34773172 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Because the cerebellum plays a role in motor coordination, timing, sequencing, and feedback, it is hypothesized to be involved in swallowing-related functions. The role of the cerebellum in deglutition has become increasing evident, but the exact nature of this role remains inconclusive because of limited data from pure cerebellar lesions. Therefore, we conducted location analysis in isolated cerebellar lesions to complement previous findings and provide additional information. We reviewed 40 stroke patients with isolated cerebellar lesion. Lesion location and volume were measured on brain magnetic resonance images. We generated statistical maps of lesions related to VDS using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM). We also created an overlay map of subgroups according to VDS score, those who have low risk and those who have high risk. Patients with cerebellar lesion had difficulty swallowing, both in the oral and pharyngeal phases. Multivariate analysis of cognitive function was selected as an independent predictor. In the group of high-risk patients, the overlay map showed some bilateral asymmetry, with a wider distribution in the left hemisphere and involvement of deep cerebellar nuclei. Using VLSM, we found that lesion location was associated with dysphagia. Although these results were not statistically significant, they showed a lesion pattern with predominant distribution in the left posterior lobe. Our results suggest that damage to the posterior lobe of the left cerebellum tends be related to severity of dysphagia in patients with isolated cerebellar lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Im Moon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi, 13590, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Jeong Jeong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi, 13590, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Suh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi, 13590, Republic of Korea
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Elucidating the neural correlates of emotion recognition in children with sub-clinical anxiety. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:75-83. [PMID: 34461352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pervasiveness of subclinical anxiety in children, highlights the need to identify its neurobiological underpinnings to better inform interventions. Given the now well-established link between aberrant emotion processing and anxiety disorders and yet limited neurobiologically-informed research in this area, this study examined the neural correlates of emotion recognition (ER) in children with sub-clinical anxiety. METHOD Ninety children (aged 9-11 years) with sub-clinical anxiety, completed an emotion recognition task whilst undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ER task required participants to match shapes and match emotional faces in the context of shape distractors. Participants also completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). RESULTS Greater blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) changes associated with ER were observed in the lateral occipital cortex, middle frontal gyrus, superior middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus symmetrically. The clusters also included posterior cingulate cortex, insula, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum during matching emotions than those matching shapes. Females showed greater BOLD changes associated with ER than males in the right middle frontal gyrus. The BOLD changes associated with ER in the right middle frontal gyrus and right insula were greater in children with SCAS subscale (physical injury fear) scores in the normal range than those with elevated scores. DISCUSSION The findings in this study implicate the right middle frontal gyrus and insula as key regions in the neurobiological underpinnings of sub-clinical anxiety as they relate to attention impairments in anxious children. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate there are gender differences in young participants during emotion processing and provides a neurobiological target for attention impairments in anxious children.
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Stelfa G, Vavers E, Svalbe B, Serzants R, Miteniece A, Lauberte L, Grinberga S, Gukalova B, Dambrova M, Zvejniece L. Reduced GFAP Expression in Bergmann Glial Cells in the Cerebellum of Sigma-1 Receptor Knockout Mice Determines the Neurobehavioral Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11611. [PMID: 34769042 PMCID: PMC8584110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) ligands have been observed in multiple animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related neurodegeneration can induce long-lasting physical, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of S1R in the development of neurological deficits after TBI. Adult male wild-type CD-1 (WT) and S1R knockout (S1R-/-) mice were subjected to lateral fluid percussion injury, and behavioral and histological outcomes were assessed for up to 12 months postinjury. Neurological deficits and motor coordination impairment were less pronounced in S1R-/- mice with TBI than in WT mice with TBI 24 h after injury. TBI-induced short-term memory impairments were present in WT but not S1R-/- mice 7 months after injury. Compared to WT animals, S1R-/- mice exhibited better motor coordination and less pronounced despair behavior for up to 12 months postinjury. TBI induced astrocyte activation in the cortex of WT but not S1R-/- mice. S1R-/- mice presented a significantly reduced GFAP expression in Bergmann glial cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum compared to WT mice. Our findings suggest that S1R deficiency reduces TBI-induced motor coordination impairments by reducing GFAP expression in Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundega Stelfa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, K Helmana Str. 8, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Baiba Svalbe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rinalds Serzants
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Str. 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Miteniece
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lasma Lauberte
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Baiba Gukalova
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Str. 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Zvejniece
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.V.); (B.S.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (L.Z.)
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Provost K, La Joie R, Strom A, Iaccarino L, Edwards L, Mellinger TJ, Pham J, Baker SL, Miller BL, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis on 18F-FDG PET: Frequency across neurodegenerative syndromes and association with 11C-PIB and 18F-Flortaucipir. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2329-2343. [PMID: 33691512 PMCID: PMC8393295 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We used 18F-FDG-PET to investigate the frequency of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in 197 patients with various syndromes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In a subset of 117 patients, we studied relationships between CCD and cortical asymmetry of Alzheimer's pathology (β-amyloid (11C-PIB) and tau (18F-Flortaucipir)). PET images were processed using MRIs to derive parametric SUVR images and define regions of interest. Indices of asymmetry were calculated in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellar cortex. Across all patients, cerebellar 18F-FDG asymmetry was associated with reverse asymmetry of 18F-FDG in the cerebral cortex (especially frontal and parietal areas) and basal ganglia. Based on our operational definition (cerebellar asymmetry >3% with contralateral supratentorial hypometabolism), significant CCD was present in 47/197 (24%) patients and was most frequent in corticobasal syndrome and semantic and logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia. In β-amyloid-positive patients, mediation analyses showed that 18F-Flortaucipir cortical asymmetry was associated with cerebellar 18F-FDG asymmetry, but that cortical 18F-FDG asymmetry mediated this relationship. Analysis of 18F-FDG-SUVR values suggested that CCD might also occur in the absence of frank cerebellar 18F-FDG asymmetry due to symmetrical supratentorial degeneration resulting in a bilateral diaschisis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Provost
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor J Mellinger
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Pham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Chatterjee D, Mahabir S, Chatterjee D, Gerlai R. Lasting effects of mild embryonic ethanol exposure on voltage-gated ion channels in adult zebrafish brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110327. [PMID: 33864849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is increasingly well utilized in alcohol research, particularly in modeling human fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD results from alcohol reaching the developing fetus intra utero, a completely preventable yet prevalent and devastating life-long disorder. The hope with animal models, including the zebrafish, is to discover the mechanisms underlying this disease, which may aid treatment and diagnosis. In the past, we developed an embryonic alcohol exposure regimen that is aimed at mimicking the milder, and most prevalent, forms of FASD in zebrafish. We have found numerous lasting alterations in behavior, neurochemistry, neuronal markers and glial cell phenotypes in this zebrafish FASD model. Using the same model (2 h long bath immersion of 24 h post-fertilization old zebrafish eggs into 1% vol/vol ethanol), here we conduct a proof of concept analysis of voltage-gated cation channels, investigating potential embryonic alcohol induced changes in L-, T- and N- type Ca++ and the SCN1A Na+ channels using Western blot followed by immunohistochemical analysis of the same channels in the pallium and cerebellum of the zebrafish brain. We report significant reduction of expression in all four channel proteins using both methods. We conclude that reduced voltage-gated cation channel expression induced by short and low dose exposure to alcohol during embryonic development of zebrafish may contribute to the previously demonstrated lasting behavioral and neurobiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Mahabir
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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Zdanovskis N, Platkājis A, Kostiks A, Grigorjeva O, Karelis G. Cerebellar Cortex and Cerebellar White Matter Volume in Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091134. [PMID: 34573156 PMCID: PMC8468434 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is commonly viewed as a structure that is primarily responsible for the coordination of voluntary movement, gait, posture, and speech. Recent research has shown evidence that the cerebellum is also responsible for cognition. We analyzed 28 participants divided into three groups (9 with normal cognition, 9 with mild cognitive impairment, and 10 with moderate/severe cognitive impairment) based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. We analyzed the cerebellar cortex and white matter volume and assessed differences between groups. Participants with normal cognition had higher average values in total cerebellar volume, cerebellar white matter volume, and cerebellar cortex volume in both hemispheres, but by performing the Kruskal–Wallis test, we did not find these values to be statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauris Zdanovskis
- Department of Radiology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Department of Radiology, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ardis Platkājis
- Department of Radiology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Department of Radiology, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Kostiks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Oļesja Grigorjeva
- Department of Computer Control Systems, Riga Technical University, Kaļķu Street 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Guntis Karelis
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (G.K.)
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Louis ED, Faust PL. Essential Tremor Within the Broader Context of Other Forms of Cerebellar Degeneration. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:879-896. [PMID: 32666285 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) has recently been reconceptualized by many as a degenerative disease of the cerebellum. Until now, though, there has been no attempt to frame it within the context of these diseases. Here, we compare the clinical and postmortem features of ET with other cerebellar degenerations, thereby placing it within the broader context of these diseases. Action tremor is the hallmark feature of ET. Although often underreported in the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), action tremors occur, and it is noteworthy that in SCA12 and 15, they are highly prevalent, often severe, and can be the earliest disease manifestation, resulting in an initial diagnosis of ET in many cases. Intention tremor, sometimes referred to as "cerebellar tremor," is a common feature of ET and many SCAs. Other features of cerebellar dysfunction, gait ataxia and eye motion abnormalities, are seen to a mild degree in ET and more markedly in SCAs. Several SCAs (e.g., SCA5, 6, 14, and 15), like ET, follow a milder and more protracted disease course. In ET, numerous postmortem changes have been localized to the cerebellum and are largely confined to the cerebellar cortex, preserving the cerebellar nuclei. Purkinje cell loss is modest. Similarly, in SCA3, 12, and 15, Purkinje cell loss is limited, and in SCA12 and 15, there is preservation of cerebellar nuclei and relative sparing of other central nervous system regions. Both clinically and pathologically, there are numerous similarities and intersection points between ET and other disorders of cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology and Therapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Kim SE, Jung S, Sung G, Bang M, Lee SH. Impaired cerebro-cerebellar white matter connectivity and its associations with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34385473 PMCID: PMC8360938 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder of unknown etiology. Based on the notion of “cognitive dysmetria,” we aimed to investigate aberrations in structural white matter (WM) connectivity that links the cerebellum to cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 112 participants (65 patients with schizophrenia and 47 healthy controls [HCs]) were enrolled and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Between-group voxel-wise comparisons of cerebellar WM regions (superior/middle [MCP]/inferior cerebellar peduncle and pontine crossing fibers) were performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Cognitive function was assessed using the Trail Making Test Part A/B (TMT-A/B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Rey-Kim Memory Test in 46 participants with schizophrenia. WM connectivity, measured as fractional anisotropy (FA), was significantly lower in the MCP in participants with schizophrenia than in HCs. The mean FAs extracted from the significant MCP cluster were inversely correlated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly longer time to complete the TMB-B (r = 0.559, p < 0.001) and more total errors in the WCST (r = 0.442, p = 0.003). Our findings suggest that aberrant cerebro-cerebellar communication due to disrupted WM connectivity may contribute to cognitive impairments, a core characteristic of schizophrenia. Our results may expand our understanding of the neurobiology of schizophrenia based on the cerebro-cerebellar interconnectivity of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungcheol Jung
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyhye Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Tang F, Zhu D, Ma W, Yao Q, Li Q, Shi J. Differences Changes in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Seed-Based Approach. Front Neurol 2021; 12:645171. [PMID: 34220669 PMCID: PMC8248670 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.645171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have discovered that functional connections are impaired among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), even at the preclinical stage. The cerebellum has been implicated as playing a role in cognitive processes. However, functional connectivity (FC) among cognitive sub-regions of the cerebellum in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains to be further elucidated. Objective: Our study aims to investigate the FC changes of the cerebellum among patients with AD and MCI, compared to healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we explored the role of cerebellum FC changes in the cognitive performance of all subjects. Materials: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from three different groups (28 AD patients, 26 MCI patients, and 30 HC) was collected. We defined cerebellar crus II and lobule IX as seed regions to assess the intragroup differences of cortico-cerebellar connectivity. Bias correlational analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between changes in FC and neuropsychological performance. Results: Compared to HC, AD patients had decreased FC within the caudate, limbic lobe, medial frontal gyrus (MFG), middle temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, parietal lobe/precuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Interestingly, MCI patients demonstrated increased FC within inferior parietal lobe, and MFG, while they had decreased FC in the thalamus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. Further analysis indicated that FC changes between the left crus II and the right thalamus, as well as between left lobule IX and the right parietal lobe, were both associated with cognitive decline in AD. Disrupted FC between left crus II and right thalamus, as well as between left lobule IX and right parietal lobe, was associated with attention deficit among subjects with MCI. Conclusion: These findings indicate that cortico-cerebellar FC in MCI and AD patients was significantly disrupted with different distributions, particularly in the default mode networks (DMN) and fronto-parietal networks (FPN) region. Increased activity within the fronto-parietal areas of MCI patients indicated a possible compensatory role for the cerebellum in cognitive impairment. Therefore, alterations in the cortico-cerebellar FC represent a novel approach for early diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Ma
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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The Polarity-Specific Nature of Single-Session High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex on Motor and Non-motor Task Performance. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:569-583. [PMID: 33544371 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum has an increasingly recognized role in higher order cognition. Advancements in noninvasive neuromodulation techniques allow one to focally create functional alterations in the cerebellum to investigate its role in cognitive functions. To this point, work in this area has been mixed, in part due to varying methodologies for stimulation, and it is unclear whether or not transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on the cerebellum are task or load dependent. Here, we employed a between-subjects design using a high definition tDCS system to apply anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation to the cerebellum or prefrontal cortex (PFC) to examine the role the cerebellum plays in verbal working memory, inhibition, motor learning, and balance performance, and how this interaction might interact with the cortex (i.e., PFC). We predicted performance decrements following anodal stimulation and performance increases following cathodal stimulation, compared with sham. Broadly, our work provides evidence for cerebellar contributions to cognitive processing, particularly in verbal working memory and sequence learning. Additionally, we found the effect of stimulation might be load specific, particularly when applied to the cerebellum. Critically, anodal stimulation negatively impacted performance during effortful processing, but was helpful during less effortful processing. Cathodal stimulation hindered task performance, regardless of simulation region. The current results suggest an effect of stimulation on cognition, perhaps suggesting that the cerebellum is more critical when processing is less effortful but becomes less involved under higher load when processing is more prefrontally dependent.
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Dekhil O, Shalaby A, Soliman A, Mahmoud A, Kong M, Barnes G, Elmaghraby A, El-Baz A. Identifying brain areas correlated with ADOS raw scores by studying altered dynamic functional connectivity patterns. Med Image Anal 2020; 68:101899. [PMID: 33260109 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Altered functional connectivity patterns play an important role in explaining autism spectrum disorder related impairments. In order to examine such connectivity, resting state functional MRI is the most commonly used technique. To date, the majority of works in this area examine a whole time series of brain activation as a discrete stationary process. This study proposes a more detailed analysis of how functional connectivity fluctuates over time and how it is used to quantify instances demonstrating overconnectivity or underconnectivity. Non-parametric surrogates test identifies the areas where underconnectivity or overconnectivity correlate with the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule. In addition, this study shows how the areas identified affect the subjects behaviors. Our ultimate goal is a personalized autism diagnosis and treatment CAD system, where each subject impairments are distinctly mapped so they can be addressed with targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Dekhil
- Bioengineering Department and Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Shalaby
- Bioengineering Dept., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Bioengineering Dept., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Dept., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Dept. of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Barnes
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Adel Elmaghraby
- Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering Dept., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; University of Louisville at AlAlamein International University, (UofL-AIU), New Alamein City, Egypt.
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Contribution of the Cerebellum and the Basal Ganglia to Language Production: Speech, Word Fluency, and Sentence Construction-Evidence from Pathology. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 20:282-294. [PMID: 33120434 PMCID: PMC8004516 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence reported in recent decades increasingly confirms that both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia, which are primarily involved in movement control, also have a significant role in a vast range of cognitive and affective functions. Evidence from pathology indicates that the disorders of some aspects of language production which follow damage of the cerebellum or respectively basal ganglia, i.e., disorders of speech, word fluency, and sentence construction, have identifiable neuropsychological profiles and that most manifestations can be specifically attributed to the dysfunctions of mechanisms supported by one or the other of these structures. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are reciprocally interconnected. Thus, it is plausible that some disorders observed when damage involves one of these structures could be remote effects of abnormal activity in the other. However, in a purely clinical-neuropsychological perspective, primary and remote effects in the network are difficult to disentangle. Functional neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques likely represent the indispensable support for achieving this goal.
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Wallace K, Uchitel J, Prange L, Jasien J, Bonner M, D'Alli R, Maslow G, Mikati MA. Characterization of Severe and Extreme Behavioral Problems in Patients With Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 111:5-12. [PMID: 32951661 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternating hemiplegia of childhood often manifests severe or extreme behavioral problems, the nature of which remains to be fully characterized. METHODS We analyzed 39 consecutive patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood for occurrence of behavioral problems and categorized those by severity: mild (not requiring intervention), moderate (requiring intervention but no risk), severe (minor risk to self, others, or both), and extreme (major risk). We then analyzed behavioral manifestations, concurrent morbidity, and medication responses in patients with severe or extreme symptoms. RESULTS Two patients had mild behavioral problems, five moderate, 10 severe, six extreme, and 16 none. Extreme cases exhibited disruptive behaviors escalating to assaults. Triggers, when present, included peer-provocation, low frustration tolerance, limits set by others, and sleep disruption. Reversible psychotic symptoms occurred in two patients: in one triggered by infection and trihexyphenidyl, and in another triggered by sertraline. Of the 16 patients with severe or extreme symptoms, 13 had concurrent neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Occurrence of severe or extreme symptoms did not correlate with age, puberty, severity of intellectual disability, or mutation status (P > 0.05). A multidisciplinary team including mental health professionals comanaged all patients with severe or extreme symptoms with either behavioral therapy, medications, or both. When considering medications prescribed to more than four patients, medicines that demonstrated efficacy or partial efficacy in more than 50% of patients were alpha-adrenergic agonists and selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (41%) often experience severe or extreme behavioral problems and, rarely, medication-triggered psychotic symptoms. These observations are consistent with current understanding of underlying alternating hemiplegia of childhood brain pathophysiology. Increasing awareness of these behavioral problems facilitates alternating hemiplegia of childhood management and anticipatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Wallace
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julie Uchitel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lyndsey Prange
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joan Jasien
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Melanie Bonner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard D'Alli
- Division of Child Development and Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gary Maslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Welsink-Karssies MM, Ferdinandusse S, Geurtsen GJ, Hollak CEM, Huidekoper HH, Janssen MCH, Langendonk JG, van der Lee JH, O'Flaherty R, Oostrom KJ, Roosendaal SD, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Saldova R, Treacy EP, Vaz FM, de Vries MC, Engelen M, Bosch AM. Deep phenotyping classical galactosemia: clinical outcomes and biochemical markers. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa006. [PMID: 32954279 PMCID: PMC7425409 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and dietary treatment do not prevent long-term complications, which mostly affect the central nervous system in classical galactosemia patients. The clinical outcome of patients is highly variable, and there is an urgent need for prognostic biomarkers. The aim of this study was first to increase knowledge on the natural history of classical galactosemia by studying a cohort of patients with varying geno- and phenotypes and second to study the association between clinical outcomes and two possible prognostic biomarkers. In addition, the association between abnormalities on brain MRI and clinical outcomes was investigated. Classical galactosemia patients visiting the galactosemia expertise outpatient clinic of the Amsterdam University Medical Centre were evaluated according to the International Classical Galactosemia guideline with the addition of an examination by a neurologist, serum immunoglobulin G N-glycan profiling and a brain MRI. The biomarkers of interest were galactose-1-phosphate levels and N-glycan profiles, and the clinical outcomes studied were intellectual outcome and the presence or absence of movement disorders and/or primary ovarian insufficiency. Data of 56 classical galactosemia patients are reported. The intellectual outcome ranged from 45 to 103 (mean 77 ± 14) and was <85 in 62%. Movement disorders were found in 17 (47%) of the 36 tested patients. In females aged 12 years and older, primary ovarian insufficiency was diagnosed in 12 (71%) of the 17 patients. Significant differences in N-glycan peaks were found between controls and patients. However, no significant differences in either N-glycans or galactose-1-phosphate levels were found between patients with a poor (intellectual outcome < 85) and normal intellectual outcome (intellectual outcome ≥ 85), and with or without movement disorders or primary ovarian insufficiency. The variant patients detected by newborn screening, with previously unknown geno- and phenotypes and currently no long-term complications, demonstrated significantly lower galactose-1-phospate levels than classical patients (P < 0.0005). Qualitative analysis of the MRI's demonstrated brain abnormalities in 18 of the 21 patients, more severely in patients with a lower intellectual outcome and/or with movement disorders. This study demonstrates a large variability in clinical outcome, which varies from a below average intelligence, movement disorders and in females primary ovarian insufficiency to a normal clinical outcome. In our cohort of classical galactosemia patients, galactose-1-phosphate levels and N-glycan variations were not associated with clinical outcomes, but galactose-1-phosphate levels did differentiate between classical and variant patients detected by newborn screening. The correlation between brain abnormalities and clinical outcome should be further investigated by quantitative analysis of the MR images. The variability in clinical outcome necessitates individual and standardized evaluation of all classical galactosemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendy M Welsink-Karssies
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J Geurtsen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hidde H Huidekoper
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus, MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke G Langendonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna H van der Lee
- Pediatric Clinical Research Office, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roisin O'Flaherty
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim J Oostrom
- Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Roosendaal
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Estela Rubio-Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Radka Saldova
- Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen P Treacy
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fred M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike C de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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The impact of cerebral anomalies on cognitive outcome in patients with spina bifida: A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:16-28. [PMID: 32771303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spina bifida is the most common congenital birth defect affecting the central nervous system. Given the frequent association of cerebral anomalies, spina bifida is not a single developmental abnormality of the central nervous system. Patients with spina bifida typically perform below average on cognitive tasks. It has been hypothesized that associated cerebral anomalies as well negatively affect cognition in spina bifida patients. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the impact of cerebral anomalies on cognitive outcome in patients with spina bifida. METHODS A systematic search of multiple databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, was performed. All relevant primary research articles were included. All included articles were methodologically evaluated using a critical appraisal checklist. RESULTS In total 27 articles were included in this systematic review. A significant impact of different cerebral anomalies on cognition was found. More specifically, hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation type II and anomalies of the corpus callosum, central executive network, default mode network, cortical thickness and gyrification, fornix, grey matter volume and total brain volume were found to have a significant impact on cognitive outcome. The presence of a CSF shunt was also negatively associated with cognition. The results on Chiari malformation type II decompression and CSF shunt complications are inconsistent. CONCLUSION Associated cerebral anomalies have a significant impact on cognitive outcome in patients with spina bifida. The interrelatedness of the different cerebral anomalies makes it difficult to distinguish their individual impact on cognition.
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Roy B, Ehlert L, Mullur R, Freeby MJ, Woo MA, Kumar R, Choi S. Regional Brain Gray Matter Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9925. [PMID: 32555374 PMCID: PMC7303156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show cognitive and mood impairment, indicating potential for brain injury in regions that control these functions. However, brain tissue integrity in cognition, anxiety, and depression regulatory sites, and their associations with these functional deficits in T2DM subjects remain unclear. We examined gray matter (GM) changes in 34 T2DM and 88 control subjects using high-resolution T1-weighted images, collected from a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and assessed anxiety [Beck Anxiety Inventory], depressive symptoms [Beck Depression Inventory-II], and cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment]. We also investigated relationships between GM status of cognitive and mood control sites and these scores in T2DM. Significantly increased anxiety (p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.001), and reduced cognition (p = 0.002) appeared in T2DM over controls. Decreased GM volumes appeared in several regions in T2DM patients, including the prefrontal, hippocampus, amygdala, insular, cingulate, cerebellum, caudate, basal-forebrain, and thalamus areas (p < 0.01). GM volumes were significantly associated with anxiety (r = -0.456,p = 0.009), depression (r = -0.465,p = 0.01), and cognition (r = 0.455,p = 0.009) scores in regions associated with those regulations (prefrontal cortices, hippocampus, para hippocampus, amygdala, insula, cingulate, caudate, thalamus, and cerebellum) in T2DM patients. Patients with T2DM show brain damage in regions that are involved in cognition, anxiety, and depression control, and these tissue alterations are associated with functional deficits. The findings indicate that mood and cognitive deficits in T2DM patients has brain structural basis in the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Roy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Luke Ehlert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rashmi Mullur
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J Freeby
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary A Woo
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Sarah Choi
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Sengul Y, Bal N, Louis ED. Evidence of central involvement in essential tremor: a detailed study of auditory pathway physiology. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1153-1159. [PMID: 32507996 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a common tremor disorder that is likely neurodegenerative. The pathophysiology of ET involves the cerebellum and its connections in the brainstem and thalamus. Hearing dysfunction has been shown to be a non-motor finding in ET patients. A limited number of studies have suggested that cochlear pathology is the cause, but studies have not evaluated the integrity of the primary auditory pathway in ET. The main aim of this study is to investigate the integrity of the auditory pathway via auditory brainstem response (ABR) and auditory middle latency response (AMLR), thereby allowing us to evaluate the auditory pathway from the 8th cranial nerve to the cerebral cortex. Sixteen ET patients and sixteen age- and gender-matched controls (64 ears) were evaluated. In the ABR study, we detected prolongation of wave V peak latencies (ms) in ET (p = 0.02). In the AMLR study, P0 (p = 0.03), Pa (p = 0.008), Na (p = 0.03), and Nb (p = 0.01) waves differed between the two groups. Eleven ET patients and four control subjects had abnormal electrophysiological findings (ABR or AMLR or both) (68.8% vs. 25%, p = 0.01). Tremor duration was greater in ET patients with abnormal electrophysiological findings (p = 0.01). Finally, we observed prolongation of latencies after the ABR III wave, indicating that abnormalities exist within the superior olivary complex. For the first time, our research provides evidence that ET-related pathology is present at the subcortical and cortical levels of the auditory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildizhan Sengul
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nilufer Bal
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bezmialem Foundation University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elan D Louis
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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45
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Zeng C, Xue Z, Ross B, Zhang M, Liu Z, Wu G, Ouyang X, Li D, Pu W. Salience-thalamic circuit uncouples in major depressive disorder, but not in bipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 269:43-50. [PMID: 32217342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar depression (BDD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are two diseases both characterized by depressed mood and diminished interest or pleasure. Recent neuroimaging studies have implicated the thalamo-cortical circuit in mood disorders, and the present study aimed to map thalamo-cortical connectivity to explore the dissociable and common abnormalities between bipolar and major depression in this circuit. METHOD Applying resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we mapped the thalamo-cortical circuit using a fine-grained thalamic atlas with 8 sub-regions bilaterally in 38 BDD patients, 42 MDD patients and 39 healthy controls (HCs). Correlation analysis was then performed between thalamo-cortical connectivity and clinical variables. RESULT The findings showed that both patient groups exhibited prefronto-thalamo-cerebellar and sensorimotor-thalamic hypoconnectivity, while the abnormalities in MDD were more extensive. Particularly, MDD group showed decreased thalamic connectivity with the salience network including the insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and striatum. No correlations were found between the abnormal thalamo-cortical connectivity and clinical symptoms in either patient group. LIMITATION Most patients in our study were taking drugs at the time of scanning, which may confound our findings. CONCLUSION Our finding suggest that the thalamo-cortical hypofunction is a common neuro-substrate for BDD and MDD. Specifically, the hypoconnectivity between the thalamus and salience network including the insula, ACC and striatum may be a distinguished biomarker for MDD, which may help to differentiate these two emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha, China; The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China; Education college, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha, China; The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Brendan Ross
- McGill Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha, China; The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha, China; The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha, China; The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weidan Pu
- The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan , China.
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Radler KH, Zdrodowska MA, Dowd H, Cersonsky TEK, Huey ED, Cosentino S, Louis ED. Rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in an essential tremor cohort: A prospective, longitudinal study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 74:38-42. [PMID: 32325394 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential tremor (ET), among the most common neurological diseases, is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Yet, nearly all knowledge of ET-related cognitive impairment is static and cross-sectional (e.g., prevalence), with virtually no dynamic information (i.e., course and progression, conversion rates, and clinical outcomes). OBJECTIVES To quantify the rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in a cohort of elderly ET cases. METHODS 167 ET cases, enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, clinical-pathological study, underwent an extensive neuropsychological testing battery at baseline (T1), 1.5 years (T2), and 3 years (T3). Results of these assessments informed clinical diagnoses of normal cognition (ET-NC), MCI (ET-MCI), and dementia (ET-D). RESULTS At baseline, 26 cases (82.7 ± 7.7 years) were diagnosed with ET-MCI and were available for follow-up at T2. At T2, three of 26 (11.5%) had converted to ET-D. At the start of T2, 23 cases (83.6 ± 7.7 years) were diagnosed with ET-MCI and were available for follow-up at T3. At T3, six of 23 (26.1%) converted to ET-D. The average annual conversion rate from ET-MCI to ET-D was 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS The study of cognitive impairment in ET is a nascent field, with limited data. We show that the conversion rate from ET-MCI to ET-dementia was 12.5%. Available studies on historical controls have reported conversion rates of 2.6-6.3%. Data such as these systematically fill gaps in knowledge, creating a scientifically-derived knowledge base to guide physicians and patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith H Radler
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Anna Zdrodowska
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hollie Dowd
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tess E K Cersonsky
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward D Huey
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Lai S, Zhong S, Shan Y, Wang Y, Chen G, Luo X, Chen F, Zhang Y, Shen S, Huang H, Ning Y, Jia Y. Altered biochemical metabolism and its lateralization in the cortico-striato-cerebellar circuit of unmedicated bipolar II depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:82-90. [PMID: 31442883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence of the relationship between neurometabolic changes in the cortico-striato-cerebellar (CSC) circuit and bipolar disorder (BD) is still limited. To elucidate the pathogenesis of BD, we investigated the underlying neurometabolic changes and their effect on CSC lateralization circuits in unmedicated patients with bipolar II depression. METHODS Forty unmedicated participants with bipolar II depression and forty healthy controls underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We obtained bilateral metabolic ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho)/Cr in the prefrontal white matter (PWM), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum. Metabolic ratios were characterized using a laterality index (LI) for left-right asymmetry. RESULTS Overall, aberrant lateralization in the CSC circuit was characteristic in patients with bipolar II depression. Patients with bipolar II depression showed significantly lower NAA/Cr ratios in the left PWM, right ACC, left BG and left cerebellum when compared with the healthy controls. For bipolar II depression, we found lower NAA/Cr LI in the PWM, BG, and cerebellum, higher NAA/Cr LI in the ACC, and higher Cho/Cr LI in the BG and cerebellum when compared to the standard value (1.0). For healthy controls, we found lower NAA/Cr LI only in the BG and higher Cho/Cr LI in the cerebellum when compared to 1.0. LIMITATIONS As a cross-sectional study with a small sample size, progressive changes and complex metabolic interactions with treatment were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that abnormal biochemical metabolism with aberrant lateralization in the CSC circuit may be an underlying pathophysiology of bipolar II depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanyan Shan
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shiyi Shen
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Wagner MJ, Luo L. Neocortex-Cerebellum Circuits for Cognitive Processing. Trends Neurosci 2019; 43:42-54. [PMID: 31787351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although classically thought of as a motor circuit, the cerebellum is now understood to contribute to a wide variety of cognitive functions through its dense interconnections with the neocortex, the center of brain cognition. Recent investigations have shed light on the nature of cerebellar cognitive processing and information exchange with the neocortex. We review findings that demonstrate widespread reward-related cognitive input to the cerebellum, as well as new studies that have characterized the codependence of processing in the neocortex and cerebellum. Together, these data support a view of the neocortex-cerebellum circuit as a joint dynamic system both in classical sensorimotor contexts and reward-related, cognitive processing. These studies have also expanded classical theory on the computations performed by the cerebellar circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Wagner
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Maldonado T, Goen JRM, Imburgio MJ, Eakin SM, Bernard JA. Single session high definition transcranial direct current stimulation to the cerebellum does not impact higher cognitive function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222995. [PMID: 31600223 PMCID: PMC6786549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is central to higher order cognitive function. However, the cerebellum, generally thought to be involved in motor control and learning, has also been implicated in higher order cognition. Recent work using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) provides some support for right cerebellar involvement in higher order cognition, though the results are mixed, and often contradictory. Here, we used cathodal high definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) over the right cerebellum to assess the impact of HD-tDCS on modulating cognitive performance. We predicted that stimulation would result in performance decreases, which would suggest that optimal cerebellar function is necessary for cognitive performance, much like the prefrontal cortex. That is, it is not simply a structure that lends support to complete difficult tasks. While the expected cognitive behavioral effects were present, we did not find effects of stimulation. This has broad implications for cerebellar tDCS research, particularly for those who are interested in using HD-tDCS as a way of examining cerebellar function. Further implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed with particular emphasis on why null findings might be critical in developing a clear picture of the effects of tDCS on the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Maldonado
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - James R. M. Goen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Imburgio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sydney M. Eakin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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11th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 7th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1606883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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