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Hamadi N, Al-Salam S, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Nemmar A. Impact of prolonged exposure to occasional and regular waterpipe smoke on cardiac injury, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in male mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1286366. [PMID: 38370014 PMCID: PMC10869456 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1286366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular waterpipe smoking (Reg-WPS) is well recognized for its deleterious effect on the heart. However, there is a paucity of experimental studies on the impact of occasional waterpipe smoking (Occ-WPS), also known as nondaily smoking, versus Reg-WPS on cardiac homeostasis, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Hence, we aimed, in the present study, to investigate the effect of Occ-WPS (30 min/day, 1 day/week) versus Reg-WPS (30 min/day, 5 days/week) for 6 months on systolic blood pressure (SBP), cardiac injury, oxidative markers, chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, DNA damage and mitochondrial function compared with air (control) exposed mice. Our results show that SBP was increased following exposure to either Occ-WPS or Reg-WPS compared with air-exposed mice. Moreover, we found that only Reg-WPS induced a significant elevation in the levels of troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase. However, the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was significantly increased in both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS groups. Compared with air-exposed mice, the levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were only significantly augmented in the Reg-WPS. However, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and CXCL1 were significantly increased in both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS. The concentrations of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were solely elevated in the heart of mice exposed to Reg-WPS. Similarly, the concentrations of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α were only significantly augmented in the Reg-WPS. However, both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS triggered significant augmentation in the levels of IL17 and DNA damage compared to the control groups. Furthermore, while Occ-WPS induced a slight but statistically insignificant elevation in the concentrations of mammalian targets of rapamycin and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) expression, Reg-WPS exposure increased their levels substantially, in addition to p53 and mitochondrial complexes II & III, and IV activities compared with air-exposed mice. In conclusion, our findings show that while the long-term Occ-WPS exposure induced an elevation of SBP, ANP, antioxidant enzymes, IL17, CXCL1, and cardiac DNA damage, Reg-WPS exposure was consistently associated with the elevation of SBP and occurrence of cardiac damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naserddine Hamadi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Xiong Z, An Q, Chen L, Xiang Y, Li L, Zheng Y. Cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for myocardial infarction therapy: from the perspective of cell types. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9867-9888. [PMID: 37751281 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a global cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. To treat acute MI, various therapeutic approaches have been developed, including cells, extracellular vesicles, and biomimetic nanoparticles. However, the clinical application of these therapies is limited due to low cell viability, inadequate targetability, and rapid elimination from cardiac sites. Injectable hydrogels, with their three-dimensional porous structure, can maintain the biomechanical stabilization of hearts and the transplantation activity of cells. However, they cannot regenerate cardiomyocytes or repair broken hearts. A better understanding of the collaborative relationship between hydrogel delivery systems and cell or cell-inspired therapy will facilitate advancing innovative therapeutic strategies against MI. Following that, from the perspective of cell types, MI progression and recent studies on using hydrogel to deliver cell or cell-derived preparations for MI treatment are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for MI therapy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rahman MA, Amin MA, Yeasmin MN, Islam MZ. Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231186481. [PMID: 37461741 PMCID: PMC10350588 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231186481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 coronavirus, which primarily affects the lungs, is the source of the disease known as SARS-CoV-2. According to "Smoking and COVID-19: a scoping review," about 32% of smokers had a severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia at their admission time and 15% of non-smokers had this case of COVID-19 pneumonia. We were able to determine which genes were expressed differently in each group by comparing the expression of gene transcriptomic datasets of COVID-19 patients, smokers, and healthy controls. In all, 37 dysregulated genes are common in COVID-19 patients and smokers, according to our analysis. We have applied all important methods namely protein-protein interaction, hub-protein interaction, drug-protein interaction, tf-gene interaction, and gene-MiRNA interaction of bioinformatics to analyze to understand deeply the connection between both smoking and COVID-19 severity. We have also analyzed Pathways and Gene Ontology where 5 significant signaling pathways were validated with previous literature. Also, we verified 7 hub-proteins, and finally, we validated a total of 7 drugs with the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Prime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most Nilufa Yeasmin
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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Farhadi F, Aliyari R, Ebrahimi H, Hashemi H, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors in 50-74 years old Iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:318. [PMID: 37355590 PMCID: PMC10290783 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By the lengthening of life span, the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension has increased. This study aims to determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its related factors in the age group of 50-74 years in Shahroud, northeast Iran. METHODS The data of the third phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study were used in this study. This phase of the cohort study included 4394 participants aged 50 to 74 years from the previous phases. In addition to ophthalmological and optometric examinations, demographic characteristics, blood biochemistry tests, and blood pressure measurements were performed in this phase. Individuals with a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm/Hg (being treated or not treated with antihypertensive medicines) were defined as uncontrolled hypertension. In patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease, blood pressure equal to or higher than 130/80 mm/Hg was considered uncontrolled hypertension. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. FINDINGS Overall, the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension out of all the participants was 61.7% (95% CI: 60.3-63.2). Multiple regression results showed that the male gender (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5-2.9), patients with diabetes (OR:3.2, 95% CI: 2.4-4.3), and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.5-4.1) increased the risk of uncontrolled hypertension while in patients with cardiovascular disease (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.8) and polypharmacy (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.2) reduced the risk of uncontrolled hypertension. CONCLUSION The present study showed that uncontrolled hypertension has a high prevalence, and factors such as male gender, diabetes, and CKD are associated with this disorder. So, it is recommended to take the necessary measures to formulate and implement immediate actions to prevent or control hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Farhadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Roqayeh Aliyari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Trends in blood pressure and hypertension among older adults and oldest-old individuals in China between 2008-2018. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1145-1156. [PMID: 36750610 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the trends in blood pressure (BP) levels and the corresponding prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in China from 2008 to 2018. This serial cross-sectional analysis was based on data from the last four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (N = 38086). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess linear trends in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP). Logistic regression was used to examine trends in the prevalence of hypertension across the four waves. An ordinal regression model was used to assess risk factors for BP status. From 2008 to 2018, an increase of 0.8-3.3% in BP and at least an 8.2% increase in the prevalence of hypertension were observed among older adults and oldest-old adults (aged 65-79 years and ≥ 80 years) (all Ptrend < 0.001). Furthermore, the increasing magnitude of the prevalence of hypertension in the participants aged 65-79 years was greater than that in those aged ≥ 80 years. Region, BMI and living alone were factors associated with different BP statuses. After adjustment for demographic and behavioral characteristics, an increasing trend in mean SBP and PP was found in both men and women, whereas the mean DBP increased only in men. A significant increase occurred in hypertension prevalence, SBP and PP, whereas DBP remained stable in elderly Chinese individuals from 2008 to 2018. Comprehensive strategies need to be implemented for the prevention and management of hypertension among older adults in China.
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de Araújo MCM, Alfieri DF, Lehmann ALCF, Luz TF, Trevisani ER, Nagao MR, de Freitas LB, Simão ANC, Reiche EMV. Baseline severity and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) as biomarker predictors of short-term mortality in acute ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:657-670. [PMID: 36409382 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the association between plasma levels of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) and risk factors, subtypes, severity and short-term mortality of acute ischemic stroke (IS), and to identify a panel of biomarkers to predict short-term mortality after IS. The prospective study evaluated 132 IS patients within 24 h of their hospital admission. The baseline IS severity was assessed using the National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and categorized as mild (NIHSS < 5), moderate (NIHSS 5-14) and severe (NIHSS ≥ 15). After three-month follow-up, the disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); moreover, the patients were classified as survivors and non-survivors. Baseline inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and soluble CAMs were evaluated. Twenty-nine (21.9%) IS patients were non-survivors and showed higher NIHSS and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) than the survivors. The sVCAM-1 levels positively correlated with age, homocysteine, severity, and disability. The model #3 combining sVCAM-1 and NIHSS showed better results to predict short-term mortality with an area under the curve receiving operating characteristics (AUC/ROC) of 0.8841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.795-0.941] than the models with sVCAM-1 and NIHSS alone, with positive predictive value of 68.0%, negative predictive value of 91.3%, and accuracy of 86.5%. In conclusion, the combined model with baseline severity of IS and sVCAM-1 levels can early predict the prognosis of IS patients who may benefit with therapeutic measures of personalized therapy that taken into account these biomarkers. Moreover, this result suggests that VCAM-1 might be a potential target for the therapeutic strategies in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caroline Martins de Araújo
- Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Frizon Alfieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Cruz Fürstenberger Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center and Radiology Service of the University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tamires Flauzino Luz
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emmanuelle Roberto Trevisani
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maisa Rocha Nagao
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bodner de Freitas
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil.
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Dahdah A, Jaggers RM, Sreejit G, Johnson J, Kanuri B, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. Immunological Insights into Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Cells 2022; 11:3190. [PMID: 36291057 PMCID: PMC9600209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is one of the most prominent addictions of the modern world, and one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. Although the number of tobacco smokers is believed to be at a historic low, electronic cigarette use has been on a dramatic rise over the past decades. Used as a replacement for cigarette smoking, electronic cigarettes were thought to reduce the negative effects of burning tobacco. Nonetheless, the delivery of nicotine by electronic cigarettes, the most prominent component of cigarette smoke (CS) is still delivering the same negative outcomes, albeit to a lesser extent than CS. Smoking has been shown to affect both the structural and functional aspects of major organs, including the lungs and vasculature. Although the deleterious effects of smoking on these organs individually is well-known, it is likely that the adverse effects of smoking on these organs will have long-lasting effects on the cardiovascular system. In addition, smoking has been shown to play an independent role in the homeostasis of the immune system, leading to major sequela. Both the adaptive and the innate immune system have been explored regarding CS and have been demonstrated to be altered in a way that promotes inflammatory signals, leading to an increase in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although the mechanism of action of CS has not been fully understood, disease pathways have been explored in both branches of the immune system. The pathophysiologically altered immune system during smoking and its correlation with cardiovascular diseases is not fully understood. Here we highlight some of the important pathological mechanisms that involve cigarette smoking and its many components on cardiovascular disease and the immune systems in order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Babunageswararao Kanuri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Serum and Pleural Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in Mesothelioma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122825. [PMID: 35740491 PMCID: PMC9221497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma, a malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells, has overall poor prognosis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are proteins that contribute to the immune response. In this study the clinical utility and prognostic significance of serum and pleural fluid soluble CAM (sCAM) levels were assessed in patients with mesothelioma. Mesothelioma patients were retrospectively recruited (2016-2020). Clinical characteristics, serum and pleural sCAM levels (sE-cadherin, sE-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1)) and histopathological characteristics were gathered. A total of 51 healthy controls were also recruited for a secondary cross-sectional analysis. 92 mesothelioma patients were analyzed (mean age 64.5 years, 87% males, performance status 0-2). Patients with increased pleural sE-cadherin had higher risk for disease progression (adjusted HR 1.11 (1.02, 1.20), p = 0.013). Serum and pleural sE-selectin were decreased in patients with high-grade mesothelioma. Patients with increased serum or pleural sE-selectin levels had lower risk for death (adjusted HR 0.88 (0.81, 0.96), p = 0.003; 0.90 (0.82, 0.99), p = 0.039, respectively). Serum sE-cadherin, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 levels were significantly increased in mesothelioma patients compared to healthy controls. Further studies are needed to indicate the clinical utility of serum and pleural sCAMs in mesothelioma patients.
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statin treatment on sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:601-620. [PMID: 35485866 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2072294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Statins might prevent cell adhesion to the endothelium, a key step in atherosclerosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statins on soluble vascular (sVCAM-1) and intercellular (sICAM-1) adhesion molecule 1. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to July 2021. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical studies and GRADE, respectively. RESULTS Statins significantly reduced both sVCAM-1 (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.28, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.12, p=0.001; 46 treatment arms; low certainty of evidence) and sICAM-1 (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.50, p<0.001; 61 treatment arms; moderate certainty of evidence) concentrations. In sensitivity analysis, the SMD values were not modified when individual studies were sequentially removed. There were significant associations between SMD and publication year and, for sICAM-1, statin-induced changes in HDL-cholesterol. In subgroup analysis, the lowering effect was significant with liphophilic, but not hydrophilic, statins, and similar, for sICAM-1, in participants with or without clinically overt atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Statins significantly lower sVCAM-1/sICAM-1. Prospective studies are required to determine whether this mediates their atheroprotective effects (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021276825).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040509. [PMID: 35454098 PMCID: PMC9030795 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), defined as a focal dilation of the abdominal aorta beyond 50% of its normal diameter, is a common and potentially life-threatening vascular disease. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AAA pathogenesis remain unclear. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone and maintaining an anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic local environment. Increasing evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction is an early pathologic event in AAA formation, contributing to both oxidative stress and inflammation in the degenerating arterial wall. Recent studies utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing revealed heterogeneous EC sub-populations, as determined by their transcriptional profiles, in aortic aneurysm tissue. This review summarizes recent findings, including clinical evidence of endothelial dysfunction in AAA, the impact of biomechanical stress on EC in AAA, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in AAA, and EC heterogeneity in AAA. These studies help to improve our understanding of AAA pathogenesis and ultimately may lead to the generation of EC-targeted therapeutics to treat or prevent this deadly disease.
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Maglinger B, Sands M, Frank JA, McLouth CJ, Trout AL, Roberts JM, Grupke S, Turchan-Cholewo J, Stowe AM, Fraser JF, Pennypacker KR. Intracranial VCAM1 at time of mechanical thrombectomy predicts ischemic stroke severity. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:109. [PMID: 33971895 PMCID: PMC8111916 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) strokes are devastating ischemic vascular events for which novel treatment options are needed. Using vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) as a prototype, the objective of this study was to identify proteomic biomarkers and network signaling functions that are potential therapeutic targets for adjuvant treatment for mechanical thrombectomy. Methods The blood and clot thrombectomy and collaboration (BACTRAC) study is a continually enrolling tissue bank and registry from stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Plasma proteins from intracranial (distal to clot) and systemic arterial blood (carotid) were analyzed by Olink Proteomics for N=42 subjects. Statistical analysis of plasma proteomics used independent sample t tests, correlations, linear regression, and robust regression models to determine network signaling and predictors of clinical outcomes. Data and network analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, SAS v 9.4, and STRING V11. Results Increased systemic (p<0.001) and intracranial (p=0.013) levels of VCAM1 were associated with the presence of hypertension. Intracranial VCAM1 was positively correlated to both infarct volume (p=0.032; r=0.34) and edema volume (p=0.026; r=0.35). The %∆ in NIHSS from admittance to discharge was found to be significantly correlated to both systemic (p=0.013; r = −0.409) and intracranial (p=0.011; r = −0.421) VCAM1 levels indicating elevated levels of systemic and intracranial VCAM1 are associated with reduced improvement of stroke severity based on NIHSS from admittance to discharge. STRING-generated analyses identified biologic functional descriptions as well as function-associated proteins from the predictive models of infarct and edema volume. Conclusions The current study provides novel data on systemic and intracranial VCAM1 in relation to stroke comorbidities, stroke severity, functional outcomes, and the role VCAM1 plays in complex protein-protein signaling pathways. These data will allow future studies to develop predictive biomarkers and proteomic targets for drug development to improve our ability to treat a devastating pathology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02157-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benton Maglinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madison Sands
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Amanda L Trout
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jill M Roberts
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stephen Grupke
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Covenant Medical Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jadwiga Turchan-Cholewo
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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12
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Wang J, Li L, Ma N, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Fang G, Li G, Zhong T. Clinical investigation of acute myocardial infarction according to age subsets. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:120. [PMID: 33005246 PMCID: PMC7523297 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of 'Young' patients less than 40 years of age are being hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to increased prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and performances of AMI between young and elderly patients. We conducted a retrospective study to compare AMI in young patients and elder patients. Based on the medical record databases in our hospital, we enrolled 114 'young' AMI patients (age ≤42 years) and 179 'elder' AMI patients (≥60 years), and then collected and analyzed their demographic information, clinical performances, and coronary angiography results. In the young AMI group, the proportion of male patients was higher than that in the elder AMI group (94.7 vs. 64.2%, P<0.05). Compared with the elder AMI patients, young patients had higher rates of smoking history and positive family medical history, but lower rates of hypertension and diabetes. Elder patients with AMI were more likely to develop various clinical performances, and multiple-branch lesions; however, young AMI patients had relatively fewer symptoms, and the tissue lesions were more limited. The clinical profiles of AMI in young patients were different from that in elder AMI patients. Specific interventions should be carried out to prevent and control the prevalence of AMI in the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- ECG Room, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- ECG Room, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- ECG Room, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- ECG Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Qiao
- ECG Room, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 234200, P.R. China
| | - Guangjie Fang
- ECG Room, Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Li
- ECG Room, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- ECG Room, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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13
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Xue C, Chen QZ, Bian L, Yin ZF, Xu ZJ, Zhang AL, Xie YS, Zhang HL, Du R, Wang CQ. Effects of Smoking Cessation with Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Vascular Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Inflammation Response in Healthy Smokers. Angiology 2019; 70:719-725. [PMID: 31137942 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719853458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)-aided smoking cessation on vascular function are not fully clarified. We investigated 100 healthy smokers who were motivated to quit and received NRT for a 3-month period. Vascular endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry [RH-PAT]), arterial stiffness (measured by augmentation index [AI] and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV]), and systemic inflammation markers (including serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [sICAM-1] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) were assessed at baseline and 3 and 12 months of follow-up. After 3 months of intervention, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and inflammatory markers significantly improved (RH-PAT increased, AI and baPWV decreased, sICAM-1 and IL-1β decreased, all P < .05) for the participants who abstained from smoking completely, but for those who did not abstained completely, RH-PAT, AI, baPWV, and IL-1β remained unchanged. At 12 months follow-up, endothelial function (RH-PAT), arterial stiffness (AI and baPWV), and inflammatory markers (sICAM-1 and IL-1β) were further improved in participants who abstained from smoking (P < .001), while the above parameters deteriorated in continued smokers (P < .05). In conclusion, vascular dysfunction can be reversible after NRT-aided smoking cessation in healthy smokers and vascular function could be further damaged if they continue smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhi Chen
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Bian
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Fang Yin
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo Jun Xu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - A Lian Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shui Xie
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Du
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Qian Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zhang W, Zuo Z, Huang X, Liu J, Jin G, Su D. Identification of endothelial selectin as a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9908-9916. [PMID: 29928363 PMCID: PMC6004648 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial selectin (ELAM1 or CD62E) has been previously reported as being associated with the prognosis of multiple types of cancer. However, its prognostic value in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of ELAM1 mRNA expression in BC tissue. The prognostic value of ELAM1 mRNA was assessed in patients with BC using the Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM-plot) database. The KM-plot generated updated ELAM1 mRNA expression data and survival analysis from a total of 3,951 patients with BC, gathered from 35 datasets. Low expression of ELAM1 mRNA was correlated with a poorer overall survival in 1,402 patients with BC followed for 20 years [hazard ratio (HR), 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57–0.88; log-rank P=0.0016]. Low expression of ELAM1 was also correlated with poorer relapse-free survival (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.62–0.77; log-rank P=2.2e-11) in 3,951 patients and poorer distant metastasis-free survival (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.96; log-rank P=0.02) in 1,746 patients with BC followed for 20 years. Results from the Metabolic gEne RApid visualizer database indicated that ELAM1 mRNA expression was elevated in normal tissue. The results of the present study suggest that ELAM1 mRNA is a potential prognostic and metastatic marker in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Zuo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guanqiao Jin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Danke Su
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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15
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Yu F, Li J, Huang Q, Cai H. Increased Peripheral Blood Visfatin Concentrations May Be a Risk Marker of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Angiology 2018; 69:825-834. [PMID: 29706084 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718771125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the relationship between peripheral blood visfatin concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD) is lacking. This study is the first attempt to quantify this relationship via a meta-analysis of published observational studies in terms of weighted mean difference (WMD). Literature retrieval, article selection, and data extraction were conducted. Heterogeneity was inspected using both subgroup and meta-regression analyses. In total, 15 articles involving 1053 CAD cases and 714 controls were included. Overall, peripheral blood visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in CAD cases than in controls (WMD: 4.72 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.97-6.47; P < .001), with significant heterogeneity and publication bias. Six studies were theoretically missing based on filled funnel plot, and considering the impact of these missing studies still detected a significant overall mean difference in visfatin (WMD: 2.82 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.22-3.58; P < .001; number of studies: 21). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses indicated age, body mass index, race, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were identified as possible causes of heterogeneity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased peripheral blood visfatin concentrations may be a risk marker of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuling Yu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilei Huang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Hongbin Cai
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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16
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Li G, Wang H, Wang K, Wang W, Dong F, Qian Y, Gong H, Hui C, Xu G, Li Y, Pan L, Zhang B, Shan G. The association between smoking and blood pressure in men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:797. [PMID: 29017534 PMCID: PMC5634904 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association between smoking and blood pressure is unclear. Thus, the current study examined the association between cigarette smoking and blood pressure in men. METHODS Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were examined using digital blood pressure measuring device, and smoking status was determined with China National Health Survey. RESULTS The ANCOVA showed that the adjusted DBP and MAP were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and the adjusted SBP was lower in current smokers versus former smokers (P < 0.05). Additionally, the adjusted PP tend to be decreased steadily as the pack·years increased in current smokers. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, former smokers had increased ORs (95% CI) of 1.48 (1.01, 2.18) of hypertension and current smokers had not increased ORs (95% CI) of 0.83 (0.61, 1.12), compared with never smokers. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that the adjusted blood pressure were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and former smokers. No significant dose-dependent effect of current smoking on blood pressure indices except PP was observed. Smoking cessation was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, current smoking was not a risk factor of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Li
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Fen Dong
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiying Gong
- Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Hui
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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17
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Kitterer D, Segerer S, Dippon J, Alscher MD, Braun N, Latus J. Smoking Is a Risk Factor for Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Hantavirus-Induced Nephropathia Epidemica. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:89-94. [PMID: 27388481 DOI: 10.1159/000447783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens causing emerging diseases worldwide. Patients typically present with fever, acute kidney injury (AKI) and thrombocytopenia. Puumala virus (PUUV) that causes nephropathia epidemica (NE) is common in Germany. Recently, a study from Finland revealed an association between nicotine consumption and the severity of AKI in NE. Differences between individuals in Finland and Germany might modulate the effect; therefore, the aim of our study was to prove that smoking is a risk factor for a severe course of NE in Germany. METHODS A cross-sectional prospective survey of 485 patients with hantavirus infections was performed. Clinical and laboratory data during the acute course of the disease were obtained from medical reports and files, while follow-up (including smoking status) data were collected prospectively. RESULTS Smoking information was available for 298 out of 485 patients (61%). Male was the predominant gender (67%), median age at the time of diagnosis was 50 (interquartile range, IQR 41-60) years and 34% of patients were current smokers during the phase of acute NE. Patients in the smoking group were significantly younger than in the non-smoking group (p < 0.0001). Peak serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in the smoking group than in the non-smoking patients (median 301 (IQR 186-469 μmol/l) vs. median 240 (IQR 137-469 μmol/l), p < 0.05). In addition, severe AKI (stages 2 and 3 using KDIGO criteria) was more common in current smokers (80%) than in the non-smokers (68%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Current smoking is a risk factor for severity of AKI in patients with acute PUUV infection in Germany. Therefore, information about smoking habits needs to be an integral part of the documentation in patients with suspected acute PUUV infection, and increased monitoring of kidney function should be done in NE patients who are current smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kitterer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Morris PB, Ference BA, Jahangir E, Feldman DN, Ryan JJ, Bahrami H, El-Chami MF, Bhakta S, Winchester DE, Al-Mallah MH, Sanchez Shields M, Deedwania P, Mehta LS, Phan BAP, Benowitz NL. Cardiovascular Effects of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes: Clinical Perspectives From the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Section Leadership Council and Early Career Councils of the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 66:1378-91. [PMID: 26383726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a result of inhaled tobacco products continues to be a global healthcare crisis, particularly in low- and middle-income nations lacking the infrastructure to develop and implement effective public health policies limiting tobacco use. Following initiation of public awareness campaigns 50 years ago in the United States, considerable success has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. However, there has been a slowing of cessation rates in the United States during recent years, possibly caused by high residual addiction or fatigue from cessation messaging. Furthermore, tobacco products have continued to evolve faster than the scientific understanding of their biological effects. This review considers selected updates on the genetics and epigenetics of smoking behavior and associated cardiovascular risk, mechanisms of atherogenesis and thrombosis, clinical effects of smoking and benefits of cessation, and potential impact of electronic cigarettes on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Morris
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Brian A Ference
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eiman Jahangir
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - John J Ryan
- University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hossein Bahrami
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Shyam Bhakta
- Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | | | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Binh An P Phan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Prasad K. Pathophysiology and Medical Treatment of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Int J Angiol 2015; 24:158-72. [PMID: 26417183 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality. Approximately 80 to 85% strokes are ischemic due to carotid artery stenosis (CAS). The prevalence of significant CAS is 7% in women and 9% in men. Severe asymptomatic CAS varies from 0 to 3.1%. Prevalence of symptomatic CAS is high in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CAS is due to atherosclerosis, the major risk factors for which include dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGE, soluble RAGE [sRAGE]), lack of exercise and C-reactive protein (CRP). This article discusses the basic mechanism of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which these risk factors induce atherosclerosis. The role of AGEs and its receptors in the development and progression of CAS has been discussed in detail. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment of CAS such as lifestyle changes, lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, anti-AGE therapy, measures to elevate soluble receptors of AGE (sRAGE, esRAGE). CRP-lowering agents have been discussed in detail. The drugs especially lipid-lowering agents, and antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs suppress, regress, and slow the progression of CAS. The possible role of lowering the levels of AGEs and raising the levels of sRAGE in the treatment of CAS has been proposed. Lifestyle changes besides medical treatment have been stressed. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment not only would slow the progression of CAS but would also regress the CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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20
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The association between smoking quantity and hypertension mediated by inflammation in Chinese current smokers. J Hypertens 2014; 31:1798-805. [PMID: 24036901 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328362c21a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies indicated that cigarette smokers were more likely to develop hypertension, and both smoking and hypertension were associated with inflammation. Whether inflammation mediates the relationship of them is unclear. This study aims to examine whether inflammation mediates the association between smoking and hypertension. METHODS Nine hundred and eighty-four Chinese current smokers from a community-based chronic diseases survey in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were interviewed about sociodemographics, smoking, chronic conditions, and other health-related variables. Hypertension was defined according to 2007 European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology (ESH-ESC) Practice Guidelines. Inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by flow cytometry. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the mediation of inflammation on the relationship between smoking quantity and hypertension. RESULTS We observed a positive association between smoking quantity and hypertension (P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher level of CRP and VCAM-1 and lower level of TNF-α among six measured inflammatory markers, and the current smokers with hypertension had significantly higher level of MCP-1 and CRP than those smokers who were normotensive. Furthermore, the association between smoking quantity and hypertension was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 58.59% of the estimated causal effect of smoking on hypertension. CONCLUSION We have confirmed previous observations that smoking quantity was positively associated with hypertension, and the results of our study suggested that the association between smoking and hypertension was probably mediated by CRP.
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Abstract
Smoking represents one of the most important preventable risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. The present review aims at providing a comprehensive summary of published data from clinical and animal studies, as well as results of basic research on the proatherogenic effect of smoking. Extensive search and review of literature revealed a vast amount of data on the influence of cigarette smoke and its constituents on early atherogenesis, particularly on endothelial cells. Vascular dysfunction induced by smoking is initiated by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and further by the increased expression of adhesion molecules and subsequent endothelial dysfunction. Smoking-induced increased adherence of platelets and macrophages provokes the development of a procoagulant and inflammatory environment. After transendothelial migration and activation, macrophages take up oxidized lipoproteins arising from oxidative modifications and transdifferentiate into foam cells. In addition to direct physical damage to endothelial cells, smoking induces tissue remodeling, and prothrombotic processes together with activation of systemic inflammatory signals, all of which contribute to atherogenic vessel wall changes. There are still great gaps in our knowledge about the effects of smoking on cardiovascular disease. However, we know that smoking cessation is the most effective measure for reversing damage that has already occurred and preventing fatal cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- From the Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.M.); and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (D.B.)
| | - David Bernhard
- From the Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.M.); and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria (D.B.)
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Mieczkowska J, Mosiewicz J, Sak J, Grzybowski A, Terlecki P, Barud W, Kwaśniewski W, Tutka P. Effects of cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome and dehydroepiandrosterone deficiency on intima-media thickness and endothelial function in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR225-34. [PMID: 22460094 PMCID: PMC3560833 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between smoking and arterial hypertension as well as endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women without clinically manifested symptoms of atherosclerosis. Material/Methods The study groups consisted of 35 current smokers and 45 nonsmokers. The thickness of intima-media complex (IMT), a marker of atherosclerosis, was measured in carotid arteries. Plasma concentrations of fasting glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1), matrix metalloproteinases (metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1), insulin, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured. Results Smokers compared with nonsmokers showed lower fasting glucose levels in blood (87.0±10.9 and 93.2±13.6 mg/dl, p<0.05), higher mean systolic (131.1±15.9 vs. 123.0±10.9 mm Hg, p<0.05) and diastolic (81.7±11.4 vs. 75.2±9.2 mm Hg, p<0.05) blood pressure during daytime, and higher average heart rate during the daytime (78.2±9.3/min vs. 71.5±9.5/min, p<0.01) and at night (67.2±10.6/min vs. 61.7±7.7/min, p<0.05), respectively. The IMT in the right carotid artery was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (0.96±0.16 mm vs. 0.82±0.21, p<0.05) and was positively correlated with smoking intensity (R=0.36) and habit duration (R=0.35). The comparison of inflammatory markers, metalloproteinases, and DHEA-S concentrations in plasma did not reveal significant differences between the 2 groups. A significant negative correlation between DHEA-S concentration in plasma and IMT in right carotid artery was found in smokers. Conclusions Smoking in hypertensive postmenopausal women is associated with lower fasting blood glucose and BMI values, but higher arterial pressure and heart rate, and increases in IMT in right carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Mieczkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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23
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Impact of female cigarette smoking on circulating B cells in vivo: the suppressed ICOSLG, TCF3, and VCAM1 gene functional network may inhibit normal cell function. Immunogenetics 2010; 62:237-51. [PMID: 20217071 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As pivotal immune guardians, B cells were found to be directly associated with the onset and development of many smoking-induced diseases. However, the in vivo molecular response of B cells underlying the female cigarette smoking remains unknown. Using the genome-wide Affymetrix HG-133A GeneChip microarray, we firstly compared the gene expression profiles of peripheral circulating B cells between 39 smoking and 40 non-smoking healthy US white women. A total of 125 differential expressed genes were identified in our study, and 75.2% of them were down-regulated in smokers. We further obtained genotypes of 702 single nucleotide polymorphisms in those promising genes and assessed their associations with smoking status. Using a novel multicriteria evaluation model integrating information from microarray and the association studies, several genes were further revealed to play important roles in the response of smoking, including ICOSLG (CD275, inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand), TCF3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer binding factors E12/E47), VCAM1 (CD106, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), CCR1 (CD191, chemokine C-C motif receptor 1) and IL13 (interleukin 13). The differential expression of ICOSLG (p = 0.0130) and TCF3 (p = 0.0125) genes between the two groups were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription PCR experiment. Our findings support the functional importance of the identified genes in response to the smoking stimulus. This is the first in vivo genome-wide expression study on B cells at today's context of high prevalence rate of smoking for women. Our results highlight the potential usage of integrated analyses for unveiling the novel pathogenesis mechanism and emphasized the significance of B cells in the etiology of smoking-induced disease.
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Barutcu I, Esen AM, Kaya D, Onrat E, Melek M, Celik A, Kilit C, Turkmen M, Karakaya O, Esen OB, Saglam M, Kirma C. Effect of acute cigarette smoking on left and right ventricle filling parameters: a conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic study in healthy participants. Angiology 2008; 59:312-6. [PMID: 18388093 DOI: 10.1177/0003319707304882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute effects of smoking on left and right ventricular function is determined by conventional and tissue Doppler imaging methods in this study. Pulsed-wave Doppler indices of the left and right ventricle diastolic function, including mitral and tricuspid inflow peak early and late velocity and their ratio were obtained from 20 healthy subjects by conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging. Echocardiographic indices of left and right ventricles, including isovolumetric relaxation time, deceleration time, isovolumetric contraction time, ejection time, and myocardial performance index of right ventricle were measured before and 30 minutes after smoking a cigarette. Mitral and tricuspid inflow parameters and right ventricular myocardial performance index significantly altered after smoking a cigarette. Among the tissue Doppler imaging parameters, mitral and tricuspid lateral annulus diastolic, but not systolic, velocities altered after smoking a cigarette. Acute cigarette smoking alters left and right ventricular diastolic functions in healthy nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Barutcu
- Department of Cardiology, Avicenna Hospital, Istanbul.
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Karakaya O, Barutcu I, Kaya D, Esen AM, Saglam M, Melek M, Onrat E, Turkmen M, Esen OB, Kaymaz C. Acute effect of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability. Angiology 2007; 58:620-4. [PMID: 18024948 DOI: 10.1177/0003319706294555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute cigarette smoking enhances adrenergic activity and thus may be associated with hemodynamic changes in the cardiovascular system. In this study, the acute effect of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability (HRV) was studied. Fifteen subjects were included in the study. Time domain (the mean R-R interval, the standard deviation of R-R interval, and the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences) and frequency domain (high-frequency, low-frequency ratio, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio) parameters of HRV were obtained from all participants for each 5-minute segment: 5 minutes before and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after smoking a cigarette. The mean R-R interval, the standard deviation of R-R interval, and the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences significantly decreased within the first 5-minute period compared with baseline, and then the standard deviation of R-R interval increased within the 20- to 30-minute period. The low-frequency high-frequency ratio significantly decreased within the first 5 minutes after smoking and then remained unchanged throughout the study period. Similarly, low-frequency and high-frequency power increased within the first 5 minutes compared with baseline. Acute cigarette smoking alters HRV parameters, particularly within the first 5 to 10 minutes after smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Karakaya
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Heart Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul and Afyon, Turkey.
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Farzaneh-Far A, Roman MJ, Lockshin MD, Devereux RB, Paget SA, Crow MK, Davis A, Sammaritano L, Levine DM, Salmon JE. Relationship of antiphospholipid antibodies to cardiovascular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:3918-25. [PMID: 17133599 DOI: 10.1002/art.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are associated with arterial and venous thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the extent to which they influence other cardiovascular manifestations is either controversial or uncertain. We undertook this study to examine the relationships of aPL with valvular, myocardial, and arterial disease in SLE. METHODS Two hundred patients in an SLE registry, recruited at the time of outpatient visits, underwent comprehensive interviews, physical examinations, laboratory assessments, echocardiography to assess left ventricular (LV) and valvular status, carotid ultrasonography to detect atherosclerosis (discrete plaque), and radial applanation tonometry to measure arterial stiffness. RESULTS Antiphospholipid antibodies were present(defined as IgG or IgM anticardiolipin > or =40 IU/ml or the presence of lupus anticoagulant) in 42 patients (21%). Mitral valve nodules and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation were more common in aPL-positive patients (both 14.3% versus 4.4%; P = 0.02). Thirty-one percent of patients with high titers of IgG aPL (>80 IU/ml) had mitral valve nodules, compared with 20% of patients with mildly to moderately elevated levels of IgG aPL (16-80 IU/ml) and 4% of patients without IgG aPL (overall P < 0.001). Levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors were higher in the presence of both aPL and mitral valve nodules. LV dimensions, systolic function, and carotid artery stiffness as well as prevalences of Raynaud's phenomenon, pulmonary hypertension, and atherosclerosis were similar in aPL-positive and aPL-negative patients. CONCLUSION Antiphospholipid antibodies in SLE are associated with mitral valve nodules and significant mitral regurgitation, possibly due to valvular endothelial cell activation. However, in this population, they are not associated with evidence of myocardial hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, coronary or carotid atherosclerosis, or other vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Farzaneh-Far
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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