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Bhurayanontachai R, Wacharasint P, Somboonviboon D, Sawawiboon C. Comparative efficacy of peptide-based versus standard polymeric enteral nutrition in ICU patients at high nutritional risk: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14349. [PMID: 38906990 PMCID: PMC11192925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Within intensive care units (ICU), the administration of peptide-based formulas (PBF) may confer nutritional advantages for critically ill patients identified with heightened nutritional risk. This investigation aimed to ascertain the efficacy of PBF in comparison to standard polymeric formulas (SPF) among this patient cohort. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted across three ICUs, encompassing 63 adult patients characterized by elevated modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) scores. Enrollment occurred promptly subsequent to ICU admission, with participants allocated to receive either PBF or SPF. Primary outcome was the duration to achieve caloric targets. Secondary outcomes involved the evaluation of mean daily gastric residual volume, mechanical ventilation period, infection rates within the ICU, length of hospitalization, mortality rates, nutritional status and inflammatory markers, specifically serum albumin and interleukin-6 levels. Patients in the PBF group reached their caloric targets more expeditiously compared to the SPF group (2.06 ± 0.43 days versus 2.39 ± 0.79 days; p = 0.03). No significant differences were discernible between the groups regarding gastric residual volume, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, mortality, or infection rates. Both cohorts exhibited minimal adverse effects and were devoid of any instances of abdominal distension. While not reaching statistical significance, the observed trends in albumin and interleukin-6 levels suggest a potential advantage of PBF utilization. The implementation of PBF enabled swifter attainment of caloric goals in ICU patients at high nutritional risk without adversely impacting other clinical parameters. Given its favorable tolerance profile and potential immunomodulatory properties, PBF may be considered a valuable nutritional intervention in this setting.Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220221006. Registered 21 February 2022, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220221006 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsun Bhurayanontachai
- Critical Care Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Petch Wacharasint
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dujrath Somboonviboon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiwut Sawawiboon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kongpanna P, Doerr JA, Nilubol D, Jamikorn U. Effect of a Multi-Species Direct-Fed Microbial on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology and Colonic Volatile Fatty Acids in Weanling Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1749. [PMID: 38929368 PMCID: PMC11200373 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The potentials of ABO replacer of ENZ and DFM on growth performance, AID, colonic VFAs, gut morphology, fecal score and diarrhea incidence were evaluated. We randomly assigned 120 piglets to four experimental diets that included: (1) control diet (CON), fed the basal ration; (2) ABO was added at 250 ppm of in-feed ABO; (3) ENZ was added at a rate of 3 kg/ton feed; (4) DFM was added with 50 × 106 cfu/g of Bacillus subtilis and 2 × 106 cfu/g of Lactobacillus spp. at a rate of 1.2 kg/ton feed. A complete randomized design used six pens per treatment with five pigs per pen. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the 6-week trial. Feed intake and BW were recorded on weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6, as well as fecal scores and diarrhea incidences (visually recorded and calculated). At weeks 2 and 4, a sub-sample of pigs (n = 6) was sacrificed for intestinal morphology, enzyme activity and VFAs. The results of the study demonstrated that DFM piglets showed increased final BW (3 kg) (p < 0.001) vs. CON. Likewise, ADG was positively affected by the incorporation of ABO, ENZ and DFM in the diets, with an average increase of 8 to 17% on ADG compared with CON (p < 0.001). The AID of gross energy, organic matter, CP and EAAs in piglets fed ENZ and DFM were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of CON and ABO at weeks 2 and 4. Inclusion of DFM increased intestinal morphology, enzymatic activities and propionic and butyric acid more than in pigs fed CON, ABO and ENZ (p < 0.05). The fecal score and diarrhea incidence generally decreased over time in pigs fed DFM (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with DFM has better effects at any period on growth performance, CP and AA digestibility and beneficially altered the intestinal health in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panumas Kongpanna
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - John A. Doerr
- Agrarian Solutions, 585 Shawnee St., Nappanee, IN 46550, USA;
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Uttra Jamikorn
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Ouyang K, Chen T, Sun R, Xie Y, Qi Q, Li X, Liu J, Liu Q, Wei L. Effects of dietary cecropin on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal health of nursery Hainan pigs. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1298703. [PMID: 38633702 PMCID: PMC11021643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides could inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and promote the growth performance in weaned piglets. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with cecropin antimicrobial peptides (CAP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, intestinal health in nursery Hainan piglets. For this, 120 healthy nursery Hainan male piglets (13.29 ± 0.29 kg, 44 days old) were randomly divided into 5 groups-a control (CON) group (fed a basal diet), an antibiotic control (AC) group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg colistin sulfate); and 3 experimental groups (provided the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg CAP). Pre-feeding lasted 7 days and the official period lasted 40 days. The results showed that compared with the CON group, dietary supplementation of 500 mg/kg CAP had significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and diarrhea rate were markedly reduced (p < 0.05), serum total protein (TP), albumin, IgA, IgM, and globulin concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05), where serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and it also increased the villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, reduced the serum D-lactic acid concentrations and diamine oxidase activity, and increased the expression level of ZO-1 and occludin in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Limoslactobacillus in the colon were increased (p < 0.05), whereas that of Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella were reduced (p < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg CAP could improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve the serum immunity, intestinal health of nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ouyang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China
| | - Quanwei Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China
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Wang L, Jiang L, Chu Y, Feng F, Tang W, Chen C, Qiu Y, Hu Z, Diao H, Tang Z. Dietary Taurine Improves Growth Performance and Intestine Health via the GSH/GSSG Antioxidant System and Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Weaned Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1852. [PMID: 37891931 PMCID: PMC10604690 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early weaning of piglets was prone to increase reactive oxygen species, disrupt the redox balance, decrease antioxidant capacity, cause oxidative stress and intestinal oxidative damage, and lead to diarrhea in piglets. This research aimed to study dietary taurine (Tau) supplementation at a level relieving intestinal oxidative damage in early-weaned piglets. A total of 48 piglets were assigned to four groups of 12 individuals and fed a basal diet with 0.0% Tau (CON), 0.2% Tau (L-Tau), 0.3% Tau (M-Tau), or 0.4% Tau (H-Tau), respectively. The animal experiment lasted 30 days. The final weight, weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion rate increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05; Quadratic p < 0.05), while the diarrhea index of piglets decreased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), D-lactose, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations decreased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). The O2•- and •OH clearance rate in serum, liver, and jejunum mucosa increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and peroxidase (POD) activity and total antioxidant capacity increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). The serum glutathione (GSH) concentration and the ratio of GSH to GSSG increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). The POD and glutathione synthase activity in the liver and jejunum mucosa increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). The mRNA abundances of HO-1 and GPX1 in the H-Tau group were higher than that in the L-Tau, M-Tau, and CON groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA abundances of SOD1 and Nrf2 in the M-Tau and H-Tau groups were higher than in the L-Tau and CON groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of SOD2 in the L-Tau, M-Tau, and H-Tau groups was higher than in the CON group (p < 0.05). The VH and the ratio of VH to CD of jejunum and ileum increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). The mRNA abundances of occludens 1 and claudin 1 in the H-Tau group were higher than that in the CON, L-Tau, and M-Tau (p < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of occludin in the L-Tau, M-Tau, and H-Tau groups was higher than that in CON (p < 0.05). The abundance of Firmicutes increased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05), while Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota decreased with the increase in dietary Tau (Linear, p < 0.05). Collectively, dietary supplementation of 0.3% and 0.4% Tau in feed could significantly improve the growth performance and enhance the antioxidant capacity of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingang Wang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yunyun Chu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Fu Feng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China; (W.T.); (H.D.)
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yibin Qiu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhijin Hu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China; (W.T.); (H.D.)
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (L.J.); (Y.C.); (F.F.); (C.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.H.)
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5
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Genova JL, Azevedo LBD, Rupolo PE, Cordeiro FBC, Vilela HLO, Careli PS, de Castro Fidelis Toledo D, Carvalho ST, Kipper M, Rennó LN, Faveri JC, de Oliveira Carvalho PL. β-mannanase supplemented in diets saved 85 to 100 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg, supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12546. [PMID: 37532751 PMCID: PMC10397220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase-phytase were investigated on growth performance, fecal score, ultra-sounded backfat thickness and loin depth, blood profile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, and fecal microbiome in grower pigs (n = 40, 26.09 ± 0.96 kg) randomly assigned within 4 treatments: a control diet containing isolated phytase and xylanase valued at 40 kcal of ME/kg (CD0), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 30 kcal of ME/kg) (CD70), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 45 kcal of ME/kg) (CD85), and CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 60 kcal of ME/kg) (CD100). Growth performance was not affected in pigs fed ME-reduced diets containing β-mannanase. Pigs with CD100 had lower serum IL-1β concentration, and higher IL-10 was observed in pigs on CD0 than those fed β-mannanase. Coefficients of ATTD, and ATTD of DM and CP were higher in animals fed CD85 or CD100. Pigs with CD85 had higher alpha diversity richness but lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidota ratio. Acidaminococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae were more abundant in pigs fed CD0, but lower for Christensenellaceae NSJ-63 and NSJ-63 sp014384805. Pigs in CD85 showed higher Bacteroidaceae and Prevotella abundance, and lower for Streptococcaceae and Streptococcus. In conclusion, supplementation of β-mannanase in diets containing xylanase-phytase saved 85 to 100 kcal of ME/kg by supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570900, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Silva Careli
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570900, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Kipper
- Elanco Animal Health Incorporated Company, São Paulo, 04794000, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Canto Faveri
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40110909, Brazil
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Genova JL, Rupolo PE, de Azevedo LB, Henz D, Carvalho ST, Kipper M, Gonçalves GDAC, Vilela HLO, Pasquetti TJ, de Oliveira NTE, Dietrich ARM, Carvalho PLDO. β-mannanase supplementation in diets reduced in 85 kcal metabolizable energy/kg containing xylanase-phytase improves gain to feed ratio, nutrient usage, and backfat thickness in finisher pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1144692. [PMID: 37008356 PMCID: PMC10061018 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1144692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase-phytase on performance, fecal score, blood biochemical and immunological profile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, fecal microbiome, carcass traits and meat quality in finisher pigs (n = 40 entire male hybrid, 26.0 ± 0.9 kg) randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a control diet containing isolated phytase and xylanase valued at 40 kcal of ME/kg (CD0), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 30 kcal of ME/kg) (CD70), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 45 kcal of ME/kg) (CD85), and CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 60 kcal of ME/kg) (CD100), with 10 pen replicates. Pigs fed CD0 diet showed (P = 0.002) greater ADFI. However, pigs fed CD0 diet showed (P = 0.009) lower G:F than those provided CD70 or CD85 diets. A greater (P < 0.001) superoxide dismutase concentration was observed in pigs fed CD70 diet. Pigs fed CD85 diet showed (P = 0.002) greater digestible protein than pigs fed CD0 or CD100 diets. Pigs fed CD70 diet showed an increase of 11.3% in digestible protein than those fed CD0 diet. In addition, greater (P < 0.001) digestible energy was observed in pigs fed CD85 diet. Pigs fed CD0 or CD100 diets showed greater (P < 0.05) Firmicutes:Bacteroidota ratio than those fed CD85 diet. The Muribaculaceae was more abundant (P = 0.030) in pigs fed CD70 diet than in those fed CD0 diet. The Prevotella was more abundant (P = 0.045) in pigs fed CD85 diet than in those fed CD100 diet. In conclusion, β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing xylanase-phytase allows reducing 85 kcal of ME/kg because it improves gain to feed ratio, energy and protein usage, and backfat thickness without metabolic and intestinal ecosystem disorders in finisher pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jansller Luiz Genova
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Henz
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Kipper
- Elanco Animal Health Incorporated Company, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Junior Pasquetti
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
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Wang M, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Mao X, Chen D. Effects of dietary supplementation with saccharicterpenin alleviates diarrhea of piglets. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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8
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Liu T, Feng P, Wang C, Ojo O, Wang YY, Wang XH. Effects of dietary fibre on enteral feeding intolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023; 74:103326. [PMID: 36182625 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some studies have explored the relationships between dietary fibre and enteral feeding intolerance in critically ill patients, the results are equivocal. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary fibre on enteral feeding intolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. METHODS We searched five databases from inception to July 12, 2021. Data were expressed as mean difference or odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Thirteen studies enrolled 709 critically ill patients included in the study. The results showed the dietary fibre group had a significantly decreased risk of diarrhea (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30,0.69, P < 0.001), regurgitation (OR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.60, P < 0.05), vomiting (OR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.92, P < 0.05), constipation (OR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.47, P < 0.001) and mortality (OR:0.34; 95%CI:-0.13, 0.91; P < 0.05) compared with the fibre free group. Besides, there was a significant decrease on time to reach full enteral nutrition (MD:-2.08; 95%CI:-4.05, -0.12; P < 0.05), the duration of the intensive care unit stay (MD:-4.62; 95%CI:-6.60, -2.64; P < 0.001) and hospital stay (MD:-6.42; 95%CI:-9.49, -3.36; P < 0.001) in the dietary fibre group. CONCLUSIONS Dietary fibre supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of enteral feeding intolerance and improve the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Digestion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Omorogieva Ojo
- Department of Adult Nursing and Paramedic Science, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Yu Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Zhong X, Lin P, Yao Y, Liu Z, Zhou X, Guan X, Huang J. Effects of dietary supplementation with bioactive peptides derived from rapeseed protein on the growth performance, serum biochemistry and faecal micro‐organism composition of weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:867-877. [PMID: 36541276 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of supplementing bioactive peptides derived from rapeseed protein (rapeseed peptide, Rsp) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry and faecal micro-organism composition of weaned piglets. Sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets of similar weights were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (NC) was fed a basal diet, and the two treatment groups, Rsp-1 and Rsp-2, were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% or 2% Rsp, respectively, for 28 days. Each treatment consisted of five replicates with four piglets per replicate. The results showed that Rsp treatment significantly improved the average daily gain and had a better feed-to-gain ratio (p < 0.05). The diarrhoea incidence and indices of Rsp-1 and Rsp-2 groups were significantly lower than the NC group (p < 0.05), and the effect of Rsp-2 on reducing the incidence of diarrhoea was significantly higher than that of Rsp-1 (p < 0.05). The serum albumin, serum immunoglobulin A and catalase levels of the Rsp-1 and Rsp-2 groups were significantly better than the NC group (p < 0.05). Additionally, Rsp treatment significantly gained the relative abundance of faecal Lactobacillaceae and decreased the relative abundance of faecal Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Treponema and Coprococcus (p < 0.05). In summary, Rsp supplementation improved the growth performance, ameliorated the diarrhoea, enhanced the immune and antioxidant functions and changed the composition of faecal micro-organisms in piglets. These findings indicate that Rsp positively affected the health of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhong
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Peiwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Yanchu Yao
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing China
- College of Animal Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Zhiyun Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing China
- College of Animal Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing China
- College of Animal Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaofeng Guan
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences Chongqing China
- College of Animal Science Southwest University Chongqing China
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10
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Wang G, Wang X, Ma Y, Cai S, Yang L, Fan Y, Zeng X, Qiao S. Lactobacillus reuteri improves the development and maturation of fecal microbiota in piglets through mother-to-infant microbe and metabolite vertical transmission. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:211. [PMID: 36461096 PMCID: PMC9717520 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immature neonatal fecal microbiota substantially impacts the development of gut health and greatly increases the risk of disease. Developing effective strategies to modulate the development of neonatal fecal microbiota has great significance. Herein, we investigated whether the maternal dietary supplementation and oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri could effectively promote the development and maturation of the fecal microbiome in piglets from birth to weaning. RESULTS Metagenomic analysis of colostrum showed that maternal dietary L. reuteri supplementation influenced the overall microbiota composition, decreased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and increased that of the species Bifidobacterium choerinum. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that maternal L. reuteri supplementation enriched the lysine biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways and downregulated the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in the colostrum. In addition, L. reuteri supplementation significantly altered the metabolite features and modules in umbilical cord blood serum based on metabolomics. Further, a significant covariation was observed between these differential metabolites and the species in colostrum. Maternal dietary L. reuteri supplementation also significantly influenced the microbiota composition and increased the meconium abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Butyricicoccus, and Ruminococcus), some of which were markedly associated with several differential metabolites in umbilical cord blood serum between two groups. Notably, both the maternal dietary supplementation and oral intake of L. reuteri had strong impacts on the overall microbial composition and maturation of fecal microbiota in piglets during early life, and these effects were dependent on the growth stage. Oral administration of L. reuteri promoted diarrhea resistance in neonates, while maternal supplementation of L. reuteri enhanced the abilities of antioxidants and decreased inflammation. Moreover, the administration of L. reuteri via both methods in combination improved the growth performances of piglets. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrated that L. reuteri had the ability to modulate the composition of fecal microbiota in newborn piglets by influencing the microbial community and functional composition in the colostrum and by altering several key metabolites in the umbilical cord blood serum. Also, both the maternal dietary supplementation and oral administration of L. reuteri effectively promoted the development and maturation of the fecal microbiome in piglets during early life. Both the maternal dietary supplementation and oral administration of L. reuteri in combination optimized the growth performances of piglets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yonghang Ma
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Lijie Yang
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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11
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Kaewdech A, Sripongpun P, Wetwittayakhlang P, Churuangsuk C. The effect of fiber supplementation on the prevention of diarrhea in hospitalized patients receiving enteral nutrition: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with the GRADE assessment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008464. [PMID: 36505240 PMCID: PMC9733536 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enteral nutrition (EN) in hospitalized patients has several advantages. However, post-feeding diarrhea occurs frequently and has been linked to negative outcomes. The EN formula itself may have an impact on how diarrhea develops, and fiber supplements may theoretically help patients experience less diarrhea. This study aimed to thoroughly evaluate whether adding fiber to EN decreases the likelihood of developing diarrhea and whether different types of fibers pose different effects on diarrhea (PROSPERO CRD 42021279971). Methods We conducted a meta-analysis on fiber supplementation in hospitalized adult patients receiving EN. We thoroughly searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to 1 September 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Pooled results on the incidence of diarrhea were calculated using a random-effects model. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was applied. Only fiber types from soy polysaccharides (n = 4), psyllium (n = 3), mixed soluble/insoluble fiber (mixed fiber, n = 3), pectin (n = 2), and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG, n = 2) were examined in the sensitivity analysis. Results Among the 4,469 titles found, a total of 16 RCTs were included. Overall, compared to fiber-free formulas, fiber supplementation reduced the occurrence of diarrhea in patients receiving EN by 36% (pooled risk ratio [RR] of 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-0.82, p = 0.005; I 2 = 45%]), with GRADE showing the evidence of moderate certainty. Only mixed fiber and PHGG significantly decreased the incidence of diarrhea according to the sensitivity analyses for fiber types (RR 0.54, 95%CI: 0.39-0.75, I 2 = 0% and RR 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27-0.83, I 2 = 0%, respectively). The results for the remaining fiber types were unclear. Conclusion According to a meta-analysis, fiber supplements help lessen post-feeding diarrhea in hospitalized patients receiving EN. However, not all fiber types produced successful outcomes. Diarrhea was significantly reduced by PHGG and mixed soluble/insoluble fiber. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=279971, identifier: PROSPERO CRD 42021279971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Pimsiri Sripongpun
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Panu Wetwittayakhlang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Chaitong Churuangsuk
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Medicine Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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12
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Liu Y, Azad MAK, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Kong X. Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908753. [PMID: 35874746 PMCID: PMC9301461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanjiang mini-pig is an indigenous pig breed in China; however, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) levels for this pig breed during different growth stages has not been standardized yet. This study investigated the effects of different CP levels on diarrhea incidence, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in pigs. A total of 360 Huanjiang mini-pigs were assigned to three independent trials and fed the following CP diets: 5−10 kg stage, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22%; 10−20 kg stage, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% and 20−30 kg stage, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18%. In the 5−10 kg stage, the 22%; diet increased the plasma IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations compared to the 14−20% diets and decreased IL-10 and TGF-β; however, these results were fluctuated in the later stages, including the decrease of IL-1β and IL-8 in the 20% group, TNF-α in the 18−20% groups, and the increase of IFN-γ in the 20% group at the 10−20 kg stage and the decrease of TNF-α in the 16% group at the 20−30 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the jejunal and ileal IL-10 concentration compared to the 14% diet at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as in the 16% diet compared to the 12% diet at the 10−20 kg stage. In addition, ileal IL-10 concentration was increased in the 16% diet compared to the 10, 12, and 18% diets at the 20−30 kg stage. Furthermore, the 18% diet at the 5−10 kg stage and the 16% diet at the 10−20 kg stage decreased jejunal IL-6 expression, whereas the 20% diet increased the TNF-α and IFN-γ at the 5−10 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the Claudin, Occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, Mucin-1, and Mucin-20 expressions at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as TLR-2, TLR-4, and NF-κB in the 22 and 20% diets at the 5−10 and 10−20 kg stages, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest optimal dietary CP levels of 16, 14, and 12% for Huanjiang mini-pigs during the 5−10, 10−20, and 20−30 kg growth stages, respectively; and provide the guiding significance of dietary CP levels for Huanjiang mini-pigs during different growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xichen Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangfeng Kong,
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13
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Diao H, Yan J, Li S, Kuang S, Wei X, Zhou M, Zhang J, Huang C, He P, Tang W. Effects of Dietary Zinc Sources on Growth Performance and Gut Health of Weaned Piglets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:771617. [PMID: 34858378 PMCID: PMC8631109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.771617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary zinc sources on the growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets. In total, 96 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 8.81±0.42kg were divided into four groups, with six replicates per treatment and four pigs per replicate. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: (1) control group, basal diet; (2) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) group, basal diet +100mg/kg ZnSO4; (3) glycine zinc (Gly-Zn) group, basal diet +100mg/kg Gly-Zn and (4) zinc lactate group, and basal diet +100mg/kg zinc lactate. The whole trial lasted for 28days. Decreased F/G was noted in the Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups (p<0.05). The zinc lactate group had a lower diarrhea rate than the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the ZnSO4, Gly-Zn, and zinc lactate groups had significantly higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash, and zinc than the control group (p<0.05). The Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups had higher jejunal villus height and a higher villus height:crypt depth ratio than the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the ZnSO4, Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups had a significantly lower mRNA expression level of jejunal ZRT/IRT-like protein 4 (ZIP4) and higher mRNA expression level of jejunal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) than the control group (p<0.05). The mRNA expression level of jejunal zinc transporter 2 (ZNT2) was higher and that of jejunal Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) was lower in the Gly-Zn and zinc lactate groups than in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the zinc lactate group had a higher count of Lactobacillus spp. in the cecal digesta and higher mRNA expression levels of jejunal occludin and mucin 2 (MUC2) than the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 100mg/kg ZnSO4, Gly-Zn, or zinc lactate could improve the growth performance and gut barrier function of weaned piglets. Dietary supplementation with organic zinc, particularly zinc lactate, had the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayou Yan
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Animtech Biology Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Wei
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjia Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongbo Huang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng He
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
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14
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu L, Huang F, Dong B. Effects of Three-Layer Encapsulated Tea Tree Oil on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:789225. [PMID: 34926648 PMCID: PMC8674471 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO) exerts key roles in improving growth performance of pigs. However, knowledge is limited regarding comparative effects of Encp TTO and Un-encp TTO supplementation on growth performance of pigs. A study determined the effects of TTO or its capsulation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiome of weaned pigs. A total of 144 healthy pigs (8.5 ± 0.24 kg) were subjected to four treatments for a 28-d trial with six replicates per treatment and six pigs per pen: negative control, NC; positive control, PC (antibiotic supplemented); Un-encp TTO (supplemented with unencapsulated TTO); Encp TTO (supplemented with encapsulated TTO). NC, TTO, and PC treatments were compared with regard to improved average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology (p < 0.05) and decreased diarrhea rate. TTO- and PC-treated pigs had higher levels of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and immunoglobulin G; lower levels of liver aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; and improved concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-1β (p < 0.05). TTO- and PC-treated pigs had higher abundance of beneficial bacterial species Subdoligranulum and lower abundance of diarrhea associated species Escherichia-Shigella in cecal and colonic digesta (p < 0.05). Encapsulation of TTO preserved more activities of TTO than its unencapsulated counterpart by showing higher ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion rate during day 1 (d1) to d14 (p < 0.05) and tended to lower diarrhea rate (p = 0.083) and improve villous height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio (p = 0.089) in jejunum. Encapsulation of TTO also improved antioxidant indexes and decreased liver injury and inflammation accordingly (p < 0.05). Encapsulated TTO-treated pigs had higher abundance of beneficial Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and lower the abundance of harmful Escherichia-Shigella in cecal and colonic digesta (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated TTO benefits on improving growth performance of weaned pigs and further proved that encapsulation of TTO was superior to its unencapsulated counterpart at multiples. Encapsulated TTO was similar to the PC group and could be potentially an alternative of feed antibiotics for weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Green CH, Busch RA, Patel JJ. Fiber in the ICU: Should it Be a Regular Part of Feeding? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:14. [PMID: 34338900 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the controversy of fiber use in the current critical care nutrition guidelines; review the effect of fiber on the gut microbiota in the critically ill; and examine the data on fiber and outcomes in the intensive care setting. RECENT FINDINGS Fiber is increasingly recognized as a necessary component of colonic health and nutrition support. In critical illness there is a shift toward gut dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. Through fermentation and the generation of short-chain fatty acids, fiber has a role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, immune function, and supporting commensal bacteria. In contrast to fermentable fiber, recent animal models suggest that non-fermentable fiber can also favorably alter intestinal homeostasis in a mechanism distinct from short chain fatty acids. In the critically ill, RCTs and meta-analyses suggest that soluble and mixed fiber supplemented enteral nutrition can reduce diarrhea and is well tolerated. Based on limited data, there may be benefits in reducing length of hospital stay, certain infections, and glucose metabolism. Nonetheless, the role of fiber enriched nutrition in critically ill patients is controversial as evident in the conflicting guidelines. Despite shortcomings in the literature, soluble and mixed fiber supplemented enteral nutrition is safe and beneficial in most hemodynamically stable intensive care patients. More research is necessary to determine optimal fiber composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin H Green
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Busch
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jayshil J Patel
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Cara KC, Beauchesne AR, Wallace TC, Chung M. Safety of Using Enteral Nutrition Formulations Containing Dietary Fiber in Hospitalized Critical Care Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:882-906. [PMID: 34165812 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred route of nutrition support for patients with critical illness undergoing intensive care. Experts in the field caution against using fiber during EN because of perceived adverse patient outcomes; however, a comprehensive assessment of this topic is not evident to date. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched four databases from inception to April 20, 2020, for studies on adverse events or health outcomes associated with using EN formulations containing fiber in hospitalized adults with critical illness. Nineteen articles were included. Random-effects meta-analysis models showed significantly lower diarrhea scores for fiber groups compared with nonfiber groups (pooled mean difference: -2.78; 95% CI, -4.10 to -1.47) but mixed results for risk of diarrhea between groups, depending on measures used for diarrhea (Hart and Dobb scale, pooled risk ratio [RR]: 0.68; 95% CI, 0.45-1.02; other diarrhea scales, pooled RR: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20-0.89). Models showed 39% lower risk of gastrointestinal (GI) complications overall for fiber compared with nonfiber groups (pooled RR: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.79) but no group differences for individual GI complications, mortality, and intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. Analyses stratified by soluble- or mixed-fiber interventions reduced heterogeneity in models but showed identical conclusions. EN formulas with fiber may help reduce incidence and severity of diarrhea and GI complications overall in critically ill patients, without increased risk of other adverse events. Bias among specific GI measures indicates more high-quality studies are needed to verify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Copeland Cara
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Taylor C Wallace
- Think Healthy Group, Inc, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Diao H, Xiao Y, Yan HL, Yu B, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Mao XB, Chen DW. Effects of Early Transplantation of the Faecal Microbiota from Tibetan Pigs on the Gut Development of DSS-Challenged Piglets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9823969. [PMID: 33532501 PMCID: PMC7837763 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9823969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of early transplantation of the faecal microbiota from Tibetan pigs on the gut development of dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) challenged piglets. In total, 24 3-day-old DLY piglets were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group); a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used, which included faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) (from Tibetan pigs) and DSS challenge. The whole trial lasted for 55 days. DSS infusion increased the intestinal density, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and colonic Escherichia coli count (P < 0.05), and decreased the Lactobacillus spp. count and mRNA abundances of epidermal growth factor (EGF), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), occludin, mucin 2 (MUC2), regeneration protein IIIγ (RegIIIγ), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the colon (P < 0.05). FMT increased the Lactobacillus spp. count and mRNA abundances of GLP-2, RegIIIγ, and IL-10 in the colon (P < 0.05), and decreased the intestinal density, serum DAO activity, and colonic E. coli number (P < 0.05). In addition, in DSS-challenged piglets, FMT decreased the disease activity index (P < 0.05) and attenuated the effect of DSS challenge on the intestinal density, serum DAO activity, and colonic E. coli number (P < 0.05). These data indicated that the faecal microbiota from Tibetan pigs could attenuate the negative effect of DSS challenge on the gut development of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Diao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, No. 7 Niusha Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Y. Xiao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - H. L. Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - B. Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - J. He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - P. Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - J. Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - X. B. Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - D. W. Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
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18
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Zhang W, Bao C, Wang J, Zang J, Cao Y. Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 improves feed conversion ratio, promotes antioxidant capacity, alleviates intestinal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 33292591 PMCID: PMC7716450 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development. Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic; however, few studies have examined the effects of S. boulardii on weaned piglet performance. Therefore, this 28-day study compared the effects of S. boulardii mafic-1701 and aureomycin in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance, antioxidant parameters, inflammation and intestinal microbiota. One hundred and eight piglets, weaned at 28 d of age (8.5 ± 1.1 kg), were randomly divided into the three dietary treatment groups with six pens and six piglets per pen (half male and half female). The dietary treatment groups were as follows: 1) basal diet (CON); 2) basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin (ANT); 3) basal diet supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/kg S. boulardii mafic-1701 (SB). RESULTS Compared to CON group, SB group had higher feed efficiency (P < 0.05) in the last 14 d and lower diarrhea rate (P < 0.05) over the entire 28 d. Total superoxide dismutase in serum was markedly increased in SB group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with CON group, SB group decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.01) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Supplementation of S. boulardii mafic-1701 increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and Turicibacter (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of unclassified_Clostridiaceae_4 was decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, S. boulardii mafic-1701 administration increased cecal concentration of microbial metabolites, isobutyrate and valerate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The improvement in feed conversion ratio, reduction in diarrhea rate in weaned piglets provided diets supplemented with S. boulardii mafic-1701 may be associated with enhanced antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory responses and improved intestinal microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Charoensareerat T, Bhurayanontachai R, Sitaruno S, Navasakulpong A, Boonpeng A, Lerkiatbundit S, Pattharachayakul S. Efficacy and Safety of Enteral Erythromycin Estolate in Combination With Intravenous Metoclopramide vs Intravenous Metoclopramide Monotherapy in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Enteral Feeding Intolerance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:1309-1318. [PMID: 32895971 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this pilot study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of enteral erythromycin estolate in combination with intravenous metoclopramide compared to intravenous metoclopramide monotherapy in mechanically ventilated patients with enteral feeding intolerance. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study included 35 mechanically ventilated patients with feeding intolerance who were randomly assigned to receive 10-mg metoclopramide intravenously every 6-8 hours in combination with 250-mg enteral erythromycin estolate (study group) or placebo every 6 hours for 7 days. The primary outcome was an administered-to-target energy ratio of ≥80% at 48 hours, indicating a successful feeding. Secondary, prespecified outcomes were daily average gastric residual volume (GRV), total energy intake, administered-to-target energy ratio, hospital length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and 28-day mortality. RESULTS The rate of successful feeding was not significantly different between the study and placebo groups (47.1% and 61.1%, respectively; P = .51). The average daily GRV was significantly lower in the study group than in the placebo group (β = 91.58 [95% Wald CI, -164.35 to -18.8]), determined by generalized estimating equation. Other secondary outcomes were comparable, and the incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the 2 groups. One common complication was cardiac arrhythmia, which was mostly self-terminated. CONCLUSION Although the combination therapy of enteral erythromycin estolate and intravenous metoclopramide reduced GRV, the successful feeding rate and other patient-specific outcomes did not improve in mechanically ventilated patients with feeding intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rungsun Bhurayanontachai
- Critical Care Medicine Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirima Sitaruno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Asma Navasakulpong
- Respiratory and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Apinya Boonpeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sanguan Lerkiatbundit
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sutthiporn Pattharachayakul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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20
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Qin R, Gong D, Wang R, Zhang D, Che L, Chen D, Xin G, Gao F, Hu Q. Multi-omics profiling highlights lipid metabolism alterations in pigs fed low-dose antibiotics. BMC Genet 2020; 21:112. [PMID: 32957918 PMCID: PMC7507292 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to study the relations of hepatocellular functions, weight gain and metabolic imbalance caused by low-dose antibiotics (LDA) via epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, 32 weaned piglets were employed as animal models and randomly allocated into two groups with diets supplemented with 0 or LDA (chlorotetracycline and virginiamycin). Results During the 4 weeks of the experiment, LDA showed a clear growth-promoting effect, which was exemplified by the significantly elevated body weight and average daily gain. Promoter methylome profiling using liquid hybridization capture-based bisulfite sequencing (LHC-BS) indicated that most of the 745 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were hypermethylated in the LDA group. Several DMRs were significantly enriched in genes related with fatty acids metabolic pathways, such as FABP1 and PCK1. In addition, 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by strand-specific transcriptome analysis of liver tissues, including ALOX15, CXCL10 and NNMT, which are three key DEGs that function in lipid metabolism and immunity and which had highly elevated expression in the LDA group. In accordance with these molecular changes, the lipidome analyses of serum by LC-MS identified 38 significantly differential lipids, most of which were downregulated in the LDA group. Conclusions Our results indicate that LDA could induce epigenetic and transcriptional changes of key genes and lead to enhanced efficiency of lipid metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Desheng Gong
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Du Zhang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guizhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK, Denmark
| | - Qi Hu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Lee J, Song M, Yun W, Liu S, Oh H, An J, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim H, Cho J. Effects of silicate derived from quartz porphyry supplementation in the health of weaning to growing pigs after lipopolysaccharide challenge. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1817748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shudong Liu
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon An
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggwang Kim
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeunbum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Li HL, Shi H, Zhao PY, Lei Y, Kim IH. Effects of dietary levan-type fructan on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emissions, and litter performance in lactating sows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In total, 28 multiparous sows (n = 7) and their litters were used to determine the effects of levan-type fructan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal noxious gas emissions. The dietary treatments included (1) CON, basal diet; (2) FC1, CON + 0.1% fructan; (3) FC2, CON + 0.2% fructan; and (4) FC3, CON + 0.3% fructan. No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily feed intake, or back fat loss in lactating sows among treatments. However, blood lymphocyte concentrates were higher (P < 0.05) in sows fed levan-containing diets than in those fed the CON diet. Weaning BW and overall average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the FC3 treatment were higher (P < 0.05) than piglets in the CON treatment. Blood lymphocytes and nutrient digestibility of sows, as well as the weaning BW and the ADG of piglets were increased linearly (P < 0.05) as the concentration of levan increased in the diet. The diarrhea score of piglets and the fecal gas emissions of sows decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary levan increased. In conclusion, levan supplementation did not affect feed intake or decrease back fat loss of lactating sows, but it improved nutrient digestibility and immune ability, decreased fecal noxious gas emissions of lactating sows, and it improved growth performance and reduced diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin Li
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - Pin Yao Zhao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
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23
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Qin L, Ji W, Wang J, Li B, Hu J, Wu X. Effects of dietary supplementation with yeast glycoprotein on growth performance, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and colonic microbiota in weaned piglets. Food Funct 2019; 10:2359-2371. [PMID: 30972390 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly provided to weaned piglets; however, this practice has become controversial due to the increased occurrences of microbial resistance, and alternatives are needed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with yeast glycoprotein (YG) on growth performance, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and colonic microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets (d 23 ± 2) from 16 pens (15 piglets per pen) were randomly allocated to an antibiotics group (25% quinocetone 200 mg kg-1 and 4% enduracidin 800 mg kg-1 of the basal diet) or a YG group (800 mg kg-1 YG of the basal diet), respectively. The trial lasted 14 days, and at the end of the trial, one piglet per pen was chosen to collect plasma, intestinal tissue and colonic digesta samples. The results indicate that piglets fed diets containing YG tended to show increased final body weight (0.05 < P < 0.1), increased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and decreased F/G (P < 0.05) when compared with the antibiotics group. Moreover, intestinal permeability showed that YG led to an improvement in the intestinal development via decreasing serum content of DAO (P < 0.01). Histological evaluations showed that YG contributed to the improvement of the intestinal development via increasing villous height (P < 0.05) and the villous height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.01), and decreasing crypt depth (P < 0.01) and villous width (P < 0.05) in the ileum. Intestinal integrity also showed that YG was conducive to improvement of the intestinal development via upregulating the m-RNA expression of occludin (P < 0.05) in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa. Interestingly, YG supplementation downregulated the m-RNA expression of IL-12 (P < 0.05), upregulated the m-RNA expression of Hsp-70 (P < 0.05) in the duodenal mucosa, downregulated the m-RNA expression of Hsp-70 (P < 0.05) and IFN-γ (P < 0.05), upregulated the m-RNA expression of Hsp-90 (P < 0.05) in the jejunal mucosa, and upregulated the m-RNA expression of Hsp-70 (P < 0.05) in the ileal mucosa. On the other hand, colonic microbiota results showed that YG supplementation increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) in the genus level. Colonic metabolite results showed that YG supplementation decreased the content of acetate (P < 0.05). Taken together, it is speculated that YG would be a potent alternative to prophylactic antibiotics in improving the gut health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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Elke G, Hartl WH, Kreymann KG, Adolph M, Felbinger TW, Graf T, de Heer G, Heller AR, Kampa U, Mayer K, Muhl E, Niemann B, Rümelin A, Steiner S, Stoppe C, Weimann A, Bischoff SC. Clinical Nutrition in Critical Care Medicine - Guideline of the German Society for Nutritional Medicine (DGEM). Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 33:220-275. [PMID: 31451265 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enteral and parenteral nutrition of adult critically ill patients varies in terms of the route of nutrient delivery, the amount and composition of macro- and micronutrients, and the choice of specific, immune-modulating substrates. Variations of clinical nutrition may affect clinical outcomes. The present guideline provides clinicians with updated consensus-based recommendations for clinical nutrition in adult critically ill patients who suffer from at least one acute organ dysfunction requiring specific drug therapy and/or a mechanical support device (e.g., mechanical ventilation) to maintain organ function. METHODS The former guidelines of the German Society for Nutritional Medicine (DGEM) were updated according to the current instructions of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) valid for a S2k-guideline. According to the S2k-guideline classification, no systematic review of the available evidence was required to make recommendations, which, therefore, do not state evidence- or recommendation grades. Nevertheless, we considered and commented the evidence from randomized-controlled trials, meta-analyses and observational studies with adequate sample size and high methodological quality (until May 2018) as well as from currently valid guidelines of other societies. The liability of each recommendation was described linguistically. Each recommendation was finally validated and consented through a Delphi process. RESULTS In the introduction the guideline describes a) the pathophysiological consequences of critical illness possibly affecting metabolism and nutrition of critically ill patients, b) potential definitions for different disease phases during the course of illness, and c) methodological shortcomings of clinical trials on nutrition. Then, we make 69 consented recommendations for essential, practice-relevant elements of clinical nutrition in critically ill patients. Among others, recommendations include the assessment of nutrition status, the indication for clinical nutrition, the timing and route of nutrient delivery, and the amount and composition of substrates (macro- and micronutrients); furthermore, we discuss distinctive aspects of nutrition therapy in obese critically ill patients and those treated with extracorporeal support devices. CONCLUSION The current guideline provides clinicians with up-to-date recommendations for enteral and parenteral nutrition of adult critically ill patients who suffer from at least one acute organ dysfunction requiring specific drug therapy and/or a mechanical support device (e.g., mechanical ventilation) to maintain organ function. The period of validity of the guideline is approximately fixed at five years (2018-2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Elke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Hartl
- Department of Surgery, University School of Medicine, Grosshadern Campus, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Adolph
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas W Felbinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Neuperlach and Harlaching Medical Center, The Munich Municipal Hospitals Ltd, Oskar-Maria-Graf-Ring 51, 81737, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Graf
- Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Geraldine de Heer
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Axel R Heller
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Kampa
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Lutheran Hospital Hattingen, Bredenscheider Strasse 54, 45525, Hattingen, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Klinikstr. 36, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Elke Muhl
- Eichhörnchenweg 7, 23627, Gross Grönau, Germany.
| | - Bernd Niemann
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Giessen University Hospital, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Rümelin
- Clinic for Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Bad Kissingen, Kissinger Straße 150, 97688, Bad Kissingen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Steiner
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, St Vincenz Hospital Limburg, Auf dem Schafsberg, 65549, Limburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Intermediate Care, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Straße 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Xing H, Zhang L, Ma J, Liu Z, Song C, Liu Y. Fructus mume Extracts Alleviate Diarrhea in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving the Combination Therapy of Lapatinib and Capecitabine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:516. [PMID: 29875660 PMCID: PMC5974171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib and capecitabine have been widely used in the therapy of breast cancer. However, long-term use of lapatinib and capecitabine often causes the most common side effect diarrhea, which limit the medicine use. Fructus mume (F. mume) has been proved to be effective to treat chronic diarrhea with few side effects. The compounds from F. mume were extracted by using an ethanol method. Extracts of F. mume (EFM) were analyzed by HPLC. We investigated the protective effects of EFM on the diarrhea caused by lapatinib and capecitabine. From March 1st, 2016 to June 1st, 2017, 208 breast cancer patients with diarrhea caused by lapatinib and capecitabine were recruited. The patients were evenly assigned into two groups: EG group (the patients took 100 mg EFM daily) and CG group (the patients took placebo daily). The effects of EFM on diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured by a semiquantitative method seven-point Likert scale. Overall quality of life was measured by SF-36 questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HPLC analysis showed that there were three components in EFM, including citric acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and chlorogenic acid. Breast cancer types were observed by using Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The breast cancer can be divided into leaflet, gland and fibroblast types. Patient age, skin metastases, treatment, and grade 1 diarrhea were significant risk factors associated with for grade 2 diarrhea. EFM reduced diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms by reducing the average scores of the diarrhea symptom and seven-point Likert scale, and improved life quality of patients significantly by improving SF-36 scores and reducing HADS scores when compared to that in the CG group after 6-week therapy and further 4-week follow-up (P < 0.05). EFM may be a potential choice for the diarrhea therapy in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinshu Ma
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Pediatrics, Liuhe District Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Changlong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Archives Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yi D, Li B, Hou Y, Wang L, Zhao D, Chen H, Wu T, Zhou Y, Ding B, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with an amino acid blend enhances intestinal function in piglets. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1089-1100. [PMID: 29770867 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The traditionally classified nutritionally non-essential amino acids are now known to be insufficiently synthesized for maximal growth and optimal health in piglets. This study determined the effects of dietary supplementation with an amino acid blend (AAB; glutamate:glutamine:glycine:arginine:N-acetylcysteine = 5:2:2:1:0.5) on piglet growth performance and intestinal functions. Sixteen piglets (24-day-old) were randomly assigned to a corn and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.99% alanine (isonitrogenous control) or 1% AAB. On day 20 of the trial, blood and intestinal tissue samples were obtained from piglets. Compared with the control, AAB supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence; plasma alanine aminotransferase and diamine oxidase activities; intestinal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and heat shock protein-70, and intestinal mRNA levels for interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-9; and the numbers of Enterobacterium family, Enterococcus genus and Clostridium coccoides in the colon digesta. Furthermore, AAB supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05): the plasma concentrations of serine, aspartate, glutamate, cysteine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine, taurine, and γ-aminobutyric acid; intestinal villus height and surface area, villus height/crypt depth ratio, antioxidative enzyme activities, and mRNA levels for porcine β-defensin-1, sodium-independent amino acid transporters (b0,+AT and y+LAT1), aquaporin (AQP) 3, AQP8, AQP10, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glutathione S-transferase omega-2, and protein abundances of AQP3, AQP4, claudin-1, occludin and myxovirus resistance 1; and the numbers of Bifidobacterium genus and Lactobacillus genus in the colon digesta. Collectively, these comprehensive results indicate that dietary AAB supplementation plays an important role in improving piglet growth and intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Baocheng Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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27
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Diao H, Yan HL, Xiao Y, Yu B, Zheng P, He J, Yu J, Mao XB, Chen DW. Modulation of intestine development by fecal microbiota transplantation in suckling pigs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8709-8720. [PMID: 35539874 PMCID: PMC9078615 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of early fecal microbiota transplantation on gut development in sucking piglets. A total of 24 3 day-old DLY sucking piglets (2.11 ± 0.15) kg were randomly divided into four groups (TMP, YMP, RMP and control group (CON)), which were transplanted with intact fecal microbiota of Tibetan pig (TP), Yorkshire pig (YP), Rongchang pig (RP), and without transplantation, respectively. The whole trial lasted for 56 d. The results are as follows: when compared with the YMP and RMP treatments, TMP and CON had a lower diarrhea index (P < 0.05), TMP and CON had higher GLP-2 and ANG4 mRNA abundances in the ileum (P < 0.05), and the TMP had a higher jejunal villus height: crypt depth and a higher colonic GLP-2 mRNA abundance (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared with the YMP and RMP treatments, TMP had an enhanced DMT1 mRNA abundance in the duodenum (P < 0.05), TMP and CON had a greater lactase activity and a higher DMT1 mRNA abundance in the jejunum (P < 0.05), and CON had a higher γ-GT activity in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The jejunal Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activity in TMP was higher than that in CON, and the jejunal Na+, K+-ATPase activity in TMP was higher than that in the other three treatments (P < 0.05). Besides, when compared with the YMP and RMP treatments, TMP had a lower MDA content and a higher MUC1 mRNA abundance in the jejunum (P < 0.05); CON had a higher SOD activity in the jejunum (P < 0.05), whereas TMP and CON had a higher butyric acid concentration in the colon and a lower LPS content in the serum (P < 0.05). Finally, when compared with the TMP treatment, the other three treatments had an enhanced IL-10 mRNA abundance in the colon (P < 0.05), YMP and CON had higher counts of Escherichia coli in the colonic digesta (P < 0.05), and the CON had lower counts of Lactobacillus spp in the cecal and colonic digesta (P < 0.05). These data indicated that early transplantation of the fecal microbiota from the Yorkshire pigs and Rongchang pigs to DLY suckling piglets would destroy the gut microbiota balance and thus damage intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Diao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science No. 7 Niusha Road Chengdu Sichuan 610066 People's Republic of China
| | - H L Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - Y Xiao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - B Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - P Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - J He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - X B Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
| | - D W Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Xinkang Road 46# Ya'an Sichuan Province 625014 People's Republic of China +86-835-288-5106 +86-835-288-5106
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28
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Williams MS, Harper R, Magnuson B, Loan T, Kearney P. Diarrhea Management in Enterally Fed Patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088453369801300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Peng Z, Wang A, Xie L, Song W, Wang J, Yin Z, Zhou D, Li F. Use of recombinant porcine β-defensin 2 as a medicated feed additive for weaned piglets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26790. [PMID: 27225034 PMCID: PMC4880912 DOI: 10.1038/srep26790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is associated with colonization of the intestine with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the use of recombinant porcine β-defensin 2 (rpBD2) as a medicated feed additive for weaned piglets. The crude extract from the culture supernatant of rpBD2-expressing Pichia pastoris was used as a medicated feed additive for weaned piglets. Dietary treatments included a positive control (basal diet + antibiotics, designated PC) and three different rpBD2 treatments without antibiotics (basal diet supplemented with 1, 5, or 15 g of crude rpBD2/kg basal diet, designated 1PD, 5PD, and 15PD, respectively). Of all the treatments, 5PD had the greatest impact on the weaned piglets. It increased their body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and intestinal villus height in the duodenum and jejunum, and reduced the incidence of PWD. The diversity of the cecal digesta and mucosa microflora was compared between the weaned piglets in the PC and 5PD groups. Piglets treated with 5PD had lower diversity indices and fewer bacterial pathogens in their cecal digesta and mucosa than the PC group. Our results demonstrate that crude rpBD2 could provide an alternative to the traditional antibiotic feed additives given to weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Peng
- Microbiology Laboratory, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7 Panjiayuannanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, No. B-3 Northern Territory of Zhongguancun Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, No. B-3 Northern Territory of Zhongguancun Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, No. B-3 Northern Territory of Zhongguancun Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, No. B-3 Northern Territory of Zhongguancun Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 15 Fengtaidongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 15 Fengtaidongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 15 Fengtaidongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Microbiology Laboratory, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7 Panjiayuannanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
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30
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Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). Crit Care Med 2016; 44:390-438. [PMID: 26771786 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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McClave SA, DiBaise JK, Mullin GE, Martindale RG. ACG Clinical Guideline: Nutrition Therapy in the Adult Hospitalized Patient. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:315-34; quiz 335. [PMID: 26952578 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The value of nutrition therapy for the adult hospitalized patient is derived from the outcome benefits achieved by the delivery of early enteral feeding. Nutritional assessment should identify those patients at high nutritional risk, determined by both disease severity and nutritional status. For such patients if they are unable to maintain volitional intake, enteral access should be attained and enteral nutrition (EN) initiated within 24-48 h of admission. Orogastric or nasogastric feeding is most appropriate when starting EN, switching to post-pyloric or deep jejunal feeding only in those patients who are intolerant of gastric feeds or at high risk for aspiration. Percutaneous access should be used for those patients anticipated to require EN for >4 weeks. Patients receiving EN should be monitored for risk of aspiration, tolerance, and adequacy of feeding (determined by percent of goal calories and protein delivered). Intentional permissive underfeeding (and even trophic feeding) is appropriate temporarily for certain subsets of hospitalized patients. Although a standard polymeric formula should be used routinely in most patients, an immune-modulating formula (with arginine and fish oil) should be reserved for patients who have had major surgery in a surgical ICU setting. Adequacy of nutrition therapy is enhanced by establishing nurse-driven enteral feeding protocols, increasing delivery by volume-based or top-down feeding strategies, minimizing interruptions, and eliminating the practice of gastric residual volumes. Parenteral nutrition should be used in patients at high nutritional risk when EN is not feasible or after the first week of hospitalization if EN is not sufficient. Because of their knowledge base and skill set, the gastroenterologist endoscopist is an asset to the Nutrition Support Team and should participate in providing optimal nutrition therapy to the hospitalized adult patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McClave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John K DiBaise
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Gerard E Mullin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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32
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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33
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:159-211. [PMID: 26773077 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1687] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McClave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Beth E Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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35
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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36
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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37
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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38
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115621863 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth E. Taylor
- Nutrition Support Specialist, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert G. Martindale
- Chief Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Malissa M. Warren
- Critical Care Dietitian, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Debbie R. Johnson
- Clinical Nurse Specialist: Wound, Skin, Ostomy, UW Health University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary S. McCarthy
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Evangelia Davanos
- Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Nutrition Support, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Todd W. Rice
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gail A. Cresci
- Project Research Staff, Digestive Disease Institute, Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane M. Gervasio
- Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gordon S. Sacks
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Pamela R. Roberts
- Professor and Vice Chair, Division Chief of Critical Care Medicine, Director of Research John A. Moffitt Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charlene Compher
- Professor of Nutrition Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wan J, Li Y, Chen D, Yu B, Chen G, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, He J. Recombinant plectasin elicits similar improvements in the performance and intestinal mucosa growth and activity in weaned pigs as an antibiotic. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Japanese Guidelines for Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult and Pediatric Critically Ill Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3918/jsicm.23.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Assessment of the Turkish Version of the Kingʼs Stool Chart for Evaluating Stool Output and Diarrhea Among Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition. Gastroenterol Nurs 2015; 38:218-25. [DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Liu Y, Mao X, Yu B, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Chen D. Excessive dietary taurine supplementation reduces growth performance, liver and intestinal health of weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yan L, Hong SM, Kim IH. Effect of bacteriophage supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal microbial shedding in growing pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1451-6. [PMID: 25049502 PMCID: PMC4093013 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 144 ((Duroc×Yorkshire)×Landrace)) pigs with an average initial BW of 28.85±0.63 kg were used in this 6-wk growth trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments in a completely random block design. Each dietary treatment consisted of 9 replicate pens, with 4 pigs per replicate. Dietary treatments included: i) NC (basal diet), ii) PC (NC+apramycin 0.5 g/kg), iii) BPT1 (NC+bacteriophage 0.25 g/kg) and iv) BPT2 (NC+bacteriophage 0.5 g/kg). The inclusion of antibiotics and bacteriophages did not affect the (p>0.05) ADG, ADFI and G:F compared with the basal diet. Dietary antibiotics and bacteriophages supplementation led to a higher (p<0.05) DM digestibility than the NC treatment. Pigs fed the bacteriophage supplemented diet increased (p<0.05) the N digestibility compared with those fed NC treatment. Supplementation of antibiotics led to a higher (p<0.05) energy digestibility than the NC treatment. No difference (p>0.05) was observed in the RBC, WBC, lymphocyte concentration and fecal moisture among treatments. Pigs fed PC and BPT2 treatments reduced (p<0.05) the E. coli concentration compared with those fed NC treatment. The inclusion of BPT2 treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration compared with NC and PC treatment. Dietary antibiotic and bacteriophage supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the Salmonella concentration compared with NC treatment. In conclusion, our study suggested that bacteriophage at the level of 0.5 g/kg could be used as an antibiotics alternative for growing pigs.
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de Kruif JT, Vos A. The influence of soyfibre supplemented tube feeding on the occurrence of diarrhoea in postoperative patients. Clin Nutr 2012; 12:360-4. [PMID: 16843339 DOI: 10.1016/0261-5614(93)90033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/1993] [Accepted: 08/04/1993] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence of diarrhoea in postoperative patients on tube feeding, with or without soyfibre supplementation. The patients also received antibiotic treatment. 60 postoperative patients were assigned to either a fibre free formula diet (FFF) or a soyfibre supplemented formula diet (SSF). The tube feeding was supplied continuously through a nasogastric or a jejunal tube (mean volume 1775 ml a day). The consistency and frequency of the bowel evacuations were recorded for a period of 5 days. A daily diarrhoea score (DS) was obtained by adding a consistency score (formed stools 1, loose 3, and watery 5 points) for every evacuation. The major finding of this study is that the total DS of the FFF group was 1.7 times higher than the SSF group (ANOVA, p = 0.05). We conclude that soyfibre enriched tube feeding has a beneficial and significant influence on the occurrence of diarrhoea in a selected group of postoperative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T de Kruif
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mutlu GM, Mutlu EA, Factor P. Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Complications in Patients on Mechanical Ventilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:395-411. [PMID: 14719992 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There exists a complex, dynamic interaction between mechanical ventilation and the splanchnic vasculature that contributes to a myriad of gastrointestinal tract complications that arise during critical illness. Positive pressure-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion appears to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these complications, the most prevalent of which are stress-related mucosal damage, gastrointestinal hypomotility and diarrhea. Furthermore, characteristics of the splanchnic vasculature make the gastrointestinal tract vulnerable to adverse effects related to positive pressure ventilation. While most of these complications seen in mechanically ventilated patients are reflections of altered gastrointestinal physiology, some may be attributed to medical interventions instituted to treat critical illness. Since maintenance of normal hemodynamics cannot always be achieved, pharmacologic prophylactic therapy has become a mainstay in the prevention of gastrointestinal complications in the intensive care unit. Improved understanding of the systemic effects of mechanical ventilation and greater application of lung-protective ventilatory strategies may potentially minimize positive pressure-induced reductions in splanchnic perfusion, systemic cytokine release and, consequently, reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications associated with mechanical ventilation. Herein, we discuss the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal complications associated with mechanical ventilation, summarize the most prevalent complications and focus on preventive strategies and available treatment options for these complications. The most common causes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in mechanically ventilated patients are bleeding from stress-related mucosal damage and erosive esophagitis. In general, histamine H(2) receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors prevent stress-related mucosal disease by raising the gastric fluid pH. Proton pump inhibitors tend to provide more consistent pH control than histamine H(2) receptor antagonists. There is no consensus on the drug of choice for stress ulcer prophylaxis with several meta-analyses providing conflicting results on the superiority of any medication. Prevention of erosive esophagitis include careful use of nasogastric tubes and institution of strategies that improve gastric emptying. Many mechanically ventilated patients have gastrointestinal hypomotility and diarrhea. Treatment options for gastrointestinal motility are limited, thus, preventive measures such as correction of electrolyte abnormalities and avoidance of medications that impair gastrointestinal motility are crucial. Treatment of diarrhea depends on the underlying cause. When associated with Clostridium difficile infection antibacterial therapy should be discontinued, if possible, and treatment with oral metronidazole should be initiated.More studies are warranted to better understand the systemic effects of mechanical ventilation on the gastrointestinal tract and to investigate the impact of lung protective ventilatory strategies on gastrointestinal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan M Mutlu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston Illinois and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Wu S, Zhang F, Huang Z, Liu H, Xie C, Zhang J, Thacker PA, Qiao S. Effects of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin AD on performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli. Peptides 2012; 35:225-30. [PMID: 22490448 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin on performance and intestinal health in piglets. Newly weaned barrows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n=8), including a corn-soybean basal diet or similar diets supplemented with antibiotics (100 mg/kg kitasamycin plus 800 mg/kg colistin sulfate) or 400 mg/kg cecropin AD. On day 13, all piglets were orally challenged with 10(9)CFU/mL of Escherichia coli K88. On day 19, all piglets were euthanized and sampled. Before challenge, piglets fed antibiotics had greater weight gain, feed efficiency, nitrogen and energy retention than the control (P<0.05). E. coli challenge decreased weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency for the control piglets (P<0.05) but not for the antibiotic or cecropin AD treated piglets. The incidence of diarrhea post-challenge in the antibiotic and cecropin AD treatments decreased compared with the control piglets. The total viable counts of cecal E. coli were lower while the Lactobacilli counts were higher in the antibiotic and cecropin AD treatments compared with the control (P<0.05). Cecropin AD treatment decreased total aerobes while increasing total anaerobes in the ileum (P<0.05). A higher villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum as well as a deeper crypt depth in the jejunum and higher villus height in the ileum were observed in piglets fed antibiotics or cecropin AD compared with control piglets (P<0.05). Piglets fed the control diet had lower levels of secretory IgA in their jejunum and lower serum IgA, IgG, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 compared with the other treatments (P<0.05). Overall, these data suggest that cecropin AD enhances pig performance through increasing immune status and nitrogen and energy retention as well as reducing intestinal pathogens in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhou T, Cho J, Kim I. Effects of supplementation of chito-oligosaccharide on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and appearance of diarrhea in weanling pigs. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Dietary supplementation with Atractylodes Macrophala Koidz polysaccharides ameliorate metabolic status and improve immune function in early-weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim H, Choi-Kwon S. Changes in nutritional status in ICU patients receiving enteral tube feeding: a prospective descriptive study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2011; 27:194-201. [PMID: 21680184 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the changes in nutritional status in Korean ICU patients receiving enteral feeding, and to understand the contribution of baseline nutritional status and energy intake to nutritional changes during the ICU stay. METHODS This was a prospective study of nutritional changes in 48 ICU patients receiving enteral feeding for 7 days. The Subjective Global Assessment scale was used upon admission. In addition, anthropometric measures (triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, body mass index and percent ideal body weight) and biochemical measures (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, haemoglobin and total lymphocyte count) were evaluated twice, upon admission and 7 days after admission. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of ICU patients were severely malnourished at admission. Although the nutritional status worsened in both the patients with suspected malnourishment and the patients with severe malnutrition at admission, the nutritional status worsened significantly more in the patients with severe malnutrition than in the patients with suspected malnourishment. Moreover, a number of nutritional measures significantly decreased more in underfed patients than in adequately fed patients. The most significant predicting factor for underfeeding was under-prescription. CONCLUSION The ICU patients in our study were severely malnourished at admission, and their nutritional status worsened during their ICU stay even though enteral nutritional support was provided. The changes in nutritional status during the ICU stay were related to the patients' baseline nutritional status and underfeeding during their ICU stay. This study highlights an urgent need to provide adequate nutritional support for ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kim
- University of California San Francisco, School of Nursing, CA, USA
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