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Flaherty SC, Knobf MT, Holland ML, Slade A, Nelson L, Sadler LS. Parenting experiences and outcomes among former adolescent mothers: A mixed methods study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303119. [PMID: 38748745 PMCID: PMC11095697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed methods study was to examine parenting outcomes and experiences over time among marginalized adolescent mothers enrolled in randomized clinical trials (RCT) between 2002 and 2016 testing Minding the Baby® (MTB), an early home visiting program. The quantitative phase examined associations between measures of maternal experiences and parenting outcomes from 71 participants 2-8 years since RCT completion. MTB mothers reported less hostile parenting and fewer child behavior problems. The sequential qualitative phase involved interviews with a subsample (n = 31) and revealed six themes about their personal and parenting maturation. Through integration of quantitative and qualitative data, we generated metainferences, revealing a nuanced understanding of participants' experiences. Integrated findings revealed the complex personal and parenting experiences among former adolescent mothers during their developmental phases of emerging and early adulthood. Findings inform clinical and research approaches to promote personal growth and positive parenting outcomes over time among women who began childbearing in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Tish Knobf
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, United States of America
| | | | - Arietta Slade
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - LaRon Nelson
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, United States of America
| | - Lois S. Sadler
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, United States of America
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Letícia Maria Barbano MS, de Almeida PHTQ, Pontes TB, da Cruz DC. Life satisfaction and time-use among full-time and part-time working mothers in Brazil. Work 2024; 77:589-599. [PMID: 37742671 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working part-time or full-time is a persistent dilemma for women, especially mothers, as they strive to manage their time across various roles. However, the existing literature remains unclear on whether part-time work contributes more to life satisfaction than full-time work. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe and compare time-use patterns in different occupational roles and levels of life satisfaction among 795 mothers in Brazil who are employed either part-time or full-time. METHODS Data was collected through an online survey and the snowball technique. Regression and correlation analyses were performed on the data obtained from the following instruments: the Role Checklist for assessing time-use within occupational roles, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and demographic information. RESULTS Our analysis revealed no significant differences in life satisfaction between mothers working full-time and those working part-time (t (793)=1.160, p = 0.24). However, life satisfaction scores were positively correlated with the number of occupational roles performed (r = 0.222, p < 0.01), higher family income (P < 0.001), and engagement in social roles such as Friend (r = 0.106, p = 0.003), Hobbyist/Amateur (r = 0.08, p = 0.018), and Caregiver (r = 0.07, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION While our society places significant emphasis on time spent at work, our findings highlight that life satisfaction extends far beyond the dichotomy of working part-time or full-time. There are deeper dimensions to consider, including the number of occupational roles, family income, and engagement in social roles, which have a more substantial impact on overall life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatiana Barcelos Pontes
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
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Bosworth C, Watsford C, Naylor A, Buckmaster D, Rickwood D. The experiences of parents in an early-intervention program for young people with borderline personality disorder features. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1524-1541. [PMID: 37602926 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrates that parents' communication skills may contribute to the development and maintenance of their young person's borderline personality disorder (BPD). Carers of people with BPD also experience their own psychosocial stressors and feel unsupported. Consequently, Dialectical Behavior Therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) invites parents to partake in group therapy alongside their young person. Despite this involvement, little research exists examining parents' perspective of engaging in a DBT-A program, and specifically whether they experience their own benefits and changes from being part of the program. To examine this, the current study interviews 34 parents who engaged in an early intervention DBT-A program. Thematic analysis resulted in seven key themes and 16 subthemes beginning with parents' expectations of the program, followed by the key elements of the program that facilitated change, and the actual changes and benefits attributed to these elements. Overall, parents were surprised by their own gains from the program, and how the skills they learned facilitated personal development that improved family communication and functioning with their young person and more broadly. This study addresses the gap in understanding the parent perspective with clinical implications for the benefits of involving parents in therapy more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Bosworth
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Clare Watsford
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Annaleise Naylor
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dean Buckmaster
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Debra Rickwood
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Pei F, Yoon S, Zhai F, Gao Q. Environment matters: How are neighborhood structural indexes associated with parenting stress among Asian immigrant families? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293594. [PMID: 38019764 PMCID: PMC10686471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian immigrant population is the fourth largest immigrant population in the United States, and its parenting stress issues have been consistently recognized in previous studies. However, little attention has been paid to neighborhood-level factors and their parenting stress. Using the Study of Asian American Families and 2016 American Community Survey 5-year estimates, this study examined the association between neighborhood structural indexes and Asian immigrant parents' parenting stress, along with the mechanism driving the relationship. We found that cultural orientation and social support fully mediated the effects of economic disadvantages on parenting stress among Asian immigrant parents. Only cultural orientation mediated the direct effects of ethnic heterogeneity on Asian parents' parenting stress. Improving Asian immigrants' living environment, including economic status and ethnic diversity, would be critical to relieve the parenting stress of Asian immigrant families. Interventions and preventions to increase social support, and inform cultural orientation and acculturation are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, School of Social Work, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fuhua Zhai
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Qin Gao
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Montoro-Pérez N, Montejano-Lozoya R, Escribano S, Oliver-Roig A, Juliá-Sanchis R, Richart-Martínez M. Development and validation of a parental competence questionnaire in the paediatric hospital emergency setting (ECP-U). J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e54-e64. [PMID: 37558568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a parental competence questionnaire for parents of children seeking care in hospital emergency departments. METHODS An instrumental study of the development of an assessment questionnaire was carried out in three phases: 1) review of relevant measures and item generation, 2) content validity evaluation, 3) psychometric evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the factorial structure. Internal consistency was evaluated using ordinal alpha. Hypothesis testing was determined between the resulting factors, the Parental Stress Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS The participants were 270 parents of children aged 0-14 years old from a referral hospital in Valencia (Spain). An 18-item questionnaire was developed, comprising five factors that explain 53.0% of the variance: 1) "emotional management and expression", 2) "passive social support", 3) "parental agency", 4) "basic needs and care" and 5) "active social support". The internal consistency for the different factors was modest (>0.70). A negative correlation between the Parental Stress Scale and the parental competence questionnaire was found for most of the factors. CONCLUSIONS This questionnaire on parental competence in the hospital emergency department (ECP-U) is a useful and simple self-report instrument for assessing the parental competence of parents with children in the emergency department. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The resulting questionnaire is of practical value to both healthcare professionals and researchers in this field. It can be administered quickly in clinical practice and used to identify parents' levels of parental competence and refer those with difficulties to appropriate support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Montoro-Pérez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; GREIACC research group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Escribano
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
| | - Antonio Oliver-Roig
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Rocio Juliá-Sanchis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Miguel Richart-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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Montoro-Pérez N, Montejano-Lozoya R, Escribano S, Juliá-Sanchis R, Oliver-Roig A, Richart-Martínez M. Factor structure and validity of the Parental Competence Questionnaire in the Paediatric Hospital Emergency Setting (ECP-U). J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e484-e493. [PMID: 37891097 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the structure and examine the psychometric properties of the Parental Competence Questionnaire in the Paediatric Hospital Emergency Setting (ECP-U). METHODS An instrumental validation study of the ECP-U questionnaire and an examination of its psychometric properties were carried out. RESULTS The participants were 260 mothers and fathers seeking care in the paediatric emergency department of a hospital in Valencia (Spain) with children aged 0 to 14 years old. The five-factor structure of the ECP-U was confirmed with excellent statistical fits. Second-order models and a more parsimonious four-factor structure with adequate but marginal fits are proposed. With the exception of the "parental agency" factor (in both models examined) and the "active social support" factor (in the original five-factor structure), the internal consistency of the different factors was modest (≥ 0.70). A negative correlation was found between the Parental Stress Scale and the ECP-U for most factors. CONCLUSIONS Validity and reliability analyses indicate that the ECP-U is an instrument with modest psychometric properties. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The ECP-U is an instrument that can be used by future researchers to identify different levels of parental competence in paediatric hospital emergency departments. This will enable help to be given to families with parenting issues and problems. The underlying concern is to reduce the number of frequent users and "Non-Urgent Presentations" to paediatric emergency departments due to low parental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Montoro-Pérez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; GREIACC Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Escribano
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Rocio Juliá-Sanchis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver-Roig
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Miguel Richart-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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Nouri F, Jamalimoghadam N, Edraki M, Mirshah E. The Effect of Virtual Education in Parenting Skills on the Parenting Sense of Competence in First-time Mothers with a 0-2-year-old Baby: A Quasi-experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2023; 11:270-277. [PMID: 37901184 PMCID: PMC10611925 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2023.97709.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Parental competence is a key aspect of parenting. Since they have no previous experience of having a baby, first-time mothers should acquire certain skills to be competent enough in caring for their baby. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education in parenting skills on the parenting competence of first-time mothers with a 0-2-year-old baby. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted through convenience sampling; 72 first-time mothers were selected from 12 healthcare centers, 62 of whom met the criteria for entering the study, and divided into an experimental (n=31) and a control (n=31) group. The mothers in the experimental group received virtual education in parenting skills in six sessions, each lasting 10 minutes for two weeks. The data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and Gibaud-Wallston's parenting sense of competence scale. Sense of competence was assessed in three stages: before, immediately after, and one month after the completion of the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22 at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results Results showed a statistically significant increase in the experimental group's parenting competence mean score immediately and one month after the intervention (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the study groups as measured immediately after (P=0.043) and one month after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion Virtual education of parenting skills could have a positive impact on the mothers' parenting competence. It is suggested that first-time mothers should be educated in parenting skills on a face-to-face basis in maternity wards and online after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Jamalimoghadam
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Edraki
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mirshah
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Vahidi F, Mirghafourvand M, Naseri E, Ghanbari-Homaie S. Birth-related posttraumatic stress disorder and negative childbirth experience related to maternal functioning among adolescent mothers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37217921 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent pregnancy is an important issue in terms of reproductive health. Adolescent mothers have to overcome two crises at the same time: motherhood and maturity. Childbirth experience and posttraumatic stress disorder may influence the mother's perception of her infant and postpartum care behaviors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 adolescent mothers referring to health centers in Tabriz and its suburbs between May and December, 2022. Data were collected by PTSD Symptom Scale, Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0, and Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning. The association between childbirth experience, posttraumatic stress disorder and maternal functioning was assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS After adjusting the effect of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, the score of maternal functioning among mothers without posttraumatic stress disorder was statistically significantly higher than mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis [β (95% CI) = 2.30 (0.39 to 4.20); p = 0.031]. The score of maternal functioning increased with the increase in the childbirth experience score [β (95% CI) = 7.34 (3.87 to 10.81); p < 0.001]. The score of maternal functioning among mothers with wanted sex of baby was statistically significantly higher than unwanted sex of baby [β (95% CI) = 2.70 (0.37 to 5.02); p = 0.023]. CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals should pay special attention to improving maternal functioning among adolescent mothers. One of the important actions can be to create a positive experience of childbirth for avoiding of posttraumatic stress disorder following birth and counseling with mothers who stated sex of fetus is undesired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Vahidi
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Naseri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Ghanbari-Homaie
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Thongmixay S, Essink D, Kahrs T, Vongxay V, Wright P, Sychareun V, Broerse JEW. Isolation: The experience of adolescent motherhood in Laos. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:986145. [PMID: 36970119 PMCID: PMC10031130 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.986145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTeenage pregnancy is a persistent public health problem with pervasive socio-economic consequences, particularly in in low- and middle-income countries, often related to low social participation and low economic security. The experiences of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood have seldom been described from a personal point of view. This study aimed to gain insights into how adolescent mothers in Laos experience their motherhood, how they perceive their situation and try to cope with it.MethodsThis qualitative study was undertaken with 20 pregnant adolescents and young mothers living in peri-urban areas in two of the 18 provinces in Laos. Data were collected during 20 semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions (n = 10). Digital recordings were transcribed verbatim, summarised and thematically analysed using an inductive analysis and exploratory approach.ResultsThe most common theme was that the young mothers experienced exclusion individually, socially and in relation to official systems. In only two cases was the pregnancy intended. All were determined to be good mothers, but were overwhelmed and unsure how to overcome structural barriers to educational, social and economic participation.ConclusionParticipants revealed that their adolescent pregnancy was tied to losses of past and future aspirations, and believed that working to prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy is worthwhile, but also advised that community support structures would help young women in their position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souksamone Thongmixay
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Souksamone Thongmixay
| | - Dirk Essink
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taewee Kahrs
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Viengnakhone Vongxay
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pamela Wright
- Guelph International Health Consulting, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Gonzalez S, Rodriguez CM. Psychosocial Resources Predicting Maternal and Paternal Positive Parenting and Lower Child Abuse Risk. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:186-197. [PMID: 36690868 PMCID: PMC10331505 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Young children have the highest victimization rates of physical abuse in their first year of life, making up nearly half of all child abuse-related fatalities. More effective prevention is needed to reduce child victimization, yet many risk reduction models rely on problematic inclusion criteria, only intervene after maltreatment has occurred, or focus only on mothers. More proactive prevention models that promote positive parenting practices early in the transition to parenthood could be key to reducing child maltreatment. The current study sought to assess how both mothers' and fathers' psychosocial resources (e.g., emotion regulation, coping, and social support) and empathy can predict positive parenting and predict lower child abuse risk across time in a cross-lagged model. Parenting and abuse risk were examined prenatally, through the transition into parenthood, until children were 4 years old. First time mothers and their partners were recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy and assessed again when children were 6 months, 18 months, and 4 years old. Separate path models for mothers and fathers analyzed whether psychosocial resources and empathy at earlier timepoints predicted their positive parenting and lower abuse risk by the time children were age 4. Findings demonstrated that mothers' earlier empathy predicted later positive parenting and earlier positive parenting predicted later empathy. Fathers' lower prenatal abuse risk predicted greater subsequent empathy. Both mothers' and fathers' psychosocial resources and empathy at earlier timepoints predicted later positive parenting. Parents' psychosocial resources can be integral assets in positive, effective parenting approaches both concurrently and longitudinally. Mothers' and fathers' resources are an important point of intervention prior to and during the transition into parenthood to support healthier families that would confer benefits to child functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina M Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, 250 Mills Godwin Life Sciences Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
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Verhage ML, Schuengel C, Holopainen A, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Bernier A, Brown GL, Madigan S, Roisman GI, Vaever MS, Wong MS. Conceptual comparison of constructs as first step in data harmonization: Parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support as illustrations. MethodsX 2022; 9:101889. [PMID: 36354308 PMCID: PMC9637952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a strategy for the initial step of data harmonization in Individual Participant Data syntheses, i.e., making decisions as to which measures operationalize the constructs of interest - and which do not. This step is vital in the process of data harmonization, because a study can only be as good as its measures. If the construct validity of the measures is in question, study results are questionable as well. Our proposed strategy for data harmonization consists of three steps. First, a unitary construct is defined based on the existing literature, preferably on the theoretical framework surrounding the construct. Second, the various instruments used to measure the construct are evaluated as operationalizations of this construct, and retained or excluded based on this evaluation. Third, the scores of the included measures are recoded on the same metric. We illustrate the use of this method with three example constructs focal to the Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis (CATS) study: parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support. This process description may aid researchers in their data pooling studies, filling a gap in the literature on the first step of data harmonization.•Data harmonization in studies using combined datasets is of vital importance for the validity of the study results.•We have developed and illustrated a strategy on how to define a unitary construct and evaluate whether instruments are operationalizations of this construct as the initial step in the harmonization process.•This strategy is a transferable and reproducible method to apply to the data harmonization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije L. Verhage
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annaleena Holopainen
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - The Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis (CATS)Bakermans-KranenburgMarian J.aBaroneLaviniabBehrensKazuko Y.cBehringerJohannadBernierAnnieeBovenschenInafBrownGeoffrey L.gCassibbaRosalindahCassidyJudeiCoppolaGabriellejCostantiniAlessandrokDozierMarylEnsinkKarinmFearonR. M. PasconFingerBrentoHautamakiAiripHazenNancy L.qIerardiElenarJongenelenInêssKøppeSimotLionettiFrancescauMadiganSherivMangelsdorfSarahwOostermanMirjamxPaceCecilia S.yRabyK. LeezCrugnolaCristina RivaaaRoismanGlenn I.bbSchuengelCarloccSimonelliAlessandraddSpanglerGottfriedeeTarabulsyGeorge M.ffVæverMette S.ggVerhageMarije L.hhWongMaria S.iiVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The NetherlandsUniversity of Pavia, ItalySUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NYFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, GermanyUniversity of Montréal, CanadaUniversity of Erlangen - Nuremberg, GermanyUniversity of Georgia, GAUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro, ItalyUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MDUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro, ItalyUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro, ItalyUniversity of Delaware, Newark, DEUniversité Laval, Quebec City, CanadaUniversity College London, UKMontana State University Billings, MTUniversity of Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of Texas at Austin, TXUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, ItalyUniversidade Lusófona do Porto, PortugalUniversity of Copenhagen, Denmarkd'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy and Queen Mary University of London, UKUniversity of Calgary and the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, CanadaUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, WIVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The NetherlandsUniversity of Genoa, ItalyUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, ItalyUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MNVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The NetherlandsUniversity of Padova, ItalyUniversity of Erlangen - Nuremberg, GermanyUniversité Laval, Quebec City, CanadaUniversity of Copenhagen, DenmarkVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEndicott College, MA.
| | - ArnottBroniajjBaileyHeidikkBricePatrick J.llBrischKarl-HeinzmmCastoroGermanannCostantinoElisabettaooCyrChantalppGeorgeCarolqqGloger-TippeltGabrielerrGojmanSoniassHarderSusannettHowesCarolleeuuJacobsenHeidivvJacobvitzDeborahwwJinMi KyoungxxJufferFemmieyyKazuiMiyukizzLeerkesEsther M.aaaLyons-RuthKarlenbbbMcMahonCatherinecccMeinsElizabethdddMillánSalvadoreeeMurrayLynnefffNowackiKatjagggPedersonDavid R.hhhPriddisLynniiiSagi-SchwartzAvijjjSchoppe-SullivanSarah J.kkkSolomonJudithlllSperanzaAnna MariammmSteeleMiriamnnnSteeleHowardoooTetiDoug M.pppvan IJzendoornMarinus H.qqqvan Londen-BarentsenW. MoniquerrrWardMary J.sssNewcastle University, UKUniversity of Guelph, CanadaGallaudet University, Washington, DCParacelsus Medical School, Salzburg, AustriaUniversity of Bari "Aldo Moro", ItalyUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, ItalyUniversité du Québec à Montréal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’île de Montréal, CanadaMills College, Oakland, CAUlm University Medical Center, GermanyResearch Center of the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis, Mexico City, MexicoUniversity of Copenhagen, DenmarkUniversity of California at Los Angeles, CARegion Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, NorwayUniversity of Texas at Austin, TXSoomkyung Women's University, Seoul, South KoreaLeiden University, The NetherlandsIbaraki University, Mito, JapanUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro, NCHarvard Medical School, Cambridge, MAMacquarie University, Sydney, AustraliaUniversity of York, UKResearch Center of the Seminario de Siciopsicoanálisis, Mexico City, MexicoUniversity of Reading, UKFachhochschule Dortmund, GermanyWestern University, London, Ontario, CanadaEdith Cowan University, Western AustraliaUniversity of Haifa, IsraelOhio State University, Columbus, OHCambridge University School of Medicine, UKSapienza University of Rome, ItalyThe New School for Social Research, New York, NYThe New School for Social Research, New York, NYThe Pennsylvania State University, State College, PAErasmus University Rotterdam, The NetherlandsUtrecht University, The NetherlandsWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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12
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Buldum A, Güner Emül T. The Fear of Childbirth and Social Support in Adolescent Pregnancy. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:839-846. [PMID: 34175490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support may be effective in alleviating fear associated with childbirth in pregnant adolescent women. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between social support and fear of childbirth in adolescent pregnancy. DESIGN The study was designed to assess any relationships between the social support perceived by pregnant adolescent women and the fear of childbirth that they experienced. through a cross-sectional analysis. SETTING The study was carried out in the obstetrics outpatient clinics of a public hospital. PATIENTS The study was conducted with 100 pregnant adolescents. MEASUREMENTS A personal information form, the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Wijma Birth Expectancy/Experience Scale Version A (WDEQ-A) were applied for data collection. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships between 2 continuous variables. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between the mean scores on the MSPSS and the WDEQ-A (r = -0.345, P < .01). The MSPSS score was found to be associated with gestational age, residence area, and type of marriage. The WDEQ-A score was associated with educational status. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that social support is highly important for pregnant adolescents, especially considering the fact that the social support received from the spouse was relatively lower among adolescent women with lower gestational age. Nurses should evaluate the family of the pregnant adolescent, especially their partner, in terms of the social support that they provide to the pregnant woman and should support these women with necessary counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Buldum
- Department of Obstetrics. and Gynaecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Güner Emül
- Department of Obstetrics. and Gynaecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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13
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Wang J, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ. The Roles of Mothers' Perceptions of Grandmothers' Gatekeeping and Fathers' Parenting Competence in Maternal Gatekeeping. FAMILY RELATIONS 2021; 70:1435-1448. [PMID: 36644376 PMCID: PMC9838319 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated how new mothers' perceptions of maternal grandmothers' gatekeeping behaviors and perceptions of fathers' parenting competence are associated with maternal gatekeeping behaviors. BACKGROUND In the development of coparenting relationships at the transition to parenthood, the roles of extended family members, although important, have received little research attention. Grandmothers' gatekeeping may serve as a reference for maternal gatekeeping behaviors, but its role depends on mothers' own perceptions of fathers' parenting competence. METHOD Mothers from 172 dual-earner, different-gender couples reported their own mothers' gatekeeping behaviors and their own perceptions of fathers' parenting competence at 3 months postpartum. Maternal gatekeeping behaviors toward fathers were reported by mothers at both 3 and 9 months postpartum. RESULTS When mothers perceived that maternal grandmothers engaged in higher levels of gatekeeping behaviors, mothers engaged in more gate-opening behaviors but only when mothers perceived fathers as highly competent. There were no significant associations between mothers' perceptions of grandmothers' gatekeeping and maternal gate-closing behaviors. CONCLUSION Adult mothers, who likely have developed their own sets of ideas about parenting, are still susceptible to support and criticism from their own mothers. IMPLICATIONS Practitioners would do well to encourage expectant and new parents to consider the role of extended family in the development of their coparenting relationships, and to develop plans for support-seeking, boundary management, and negotiation of conflicts. To help reduce maternal gate-closing and enhance maternal gate-opening behaviors, practitioners could support fathers' development of parenting skills and help mothers develop awareness of fathers' skills.
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Erfina Erfina, Widyawati Widyawati, McKenna L, Reisenhofer S, Ismail D. Becoming an adolescent mother: The experiences of young Indonesian new mothers living with their extended families. Midwifery 2021; 104:103170. [PMID: 34736015 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent motherhood brings many challenges. While much is written about young mothers' transition to motherhood and their support needs, there is little from South-East Asian countries such as Indonesia. The aim of this study was to understand the new motherhood experiences of Indonesian adolescent females living with their extended families. DESIGN Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with new adolescent mothers. SETTING a large women and children's hospital in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sampling was undertaken. Eleven adolescent mother participated in this study. The mean age of the mothers was 17 years, ranging from 16 to 19 years of age. FINDINGS Four themes emerged: demonstrate transfer of knowledge between generations, sharing tasks with extended family, feeling blessed with extended family and local myth and cultural practice related to caring for the baby. Findingsdemonstrated that transfer of knowledge between generations was important for these adolescent mothers. They shared responsibilities with and felt blessed having their extended families, along with local beliefs and cultural practice related to caring fortheir babies. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Our findings contribute to understandings of experiences to becoming mothers among Indonesian adolescents living with extended family. Results can be used by healthcare providers, especially nurses and midwives, to develop cultural care interventions and educational program for maternity and psychosocial care for adolescent mothers and their families towards success in the transition period and maternal role attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfina Erfina
- Department of Maternal Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Widyawati Widyawati
- Department of Maternal and Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Bulaksumur, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Lisa McKenna
- Dean and Head, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Sonia Reisenhofer
- Academic Coordinator (Academic Partnerships), College of Science, Health & Engineering, Director of International, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia.
| | - Djauhar Ismail
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Bulaksumur, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281, Indonesia.
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15
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Sangsawang B, Deoisres W, Hengudomsub P, Sangsawang N. Effectiveness of psychosocial support provided by midwives and family on preventing postpartum depression among first-time adolescent mothers at 3-month follow-up: A randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:689-702. [PMID: 34196048 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a midwife-family provided social support programme (MFPSS programme) for first-time adolescent mothers on preventing postpartum depression (PPD) at 3-month postpartum. BACKGROUND Adolescent mothers with lack of social support are a high-risk group for increasing the development of PPD. Interventions designed to promote social support and provided to mothers following childbirth have a more effective role in preventing PPD. DESIGN The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial were conducted. METHODS Forty-two adolescent mothers were randomly assigned to 4-week MFPSS programme plus routine care (n = 21) and routine care only (n = 21). PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), rates and severity at baseline, post-test, 6-week and 3-month postpartum follow-ups. Repeated measures ANOVA and Cohen's d were used to analyse the data. RESULTS At the last follow-up, 20 (95.24%) participants remained in each group. Data were analysed based on 40 adolescent mothers. After the intervention, the mean EPDS scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than the same scores in the control group at post-test, 6-week and 3-month postpartum follow-ups. Similarly, the rates and severity of PPD in the intervention group were also lower than the control group at post-test, 6-week and 3-month postpartum follow-ups. CONCLUSION Psychosocial support interventions designed to incorporate support from midwives and family members is an effective intervention for preventing PPD in first-time adolescent mothers and the preventive effect is sustained for up to 3-month postpartum. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Midwives or nurses could apply the MFPSS programme to nursing care for adolescent mothers and family members by adding health information about PPD and promoting social support. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR). The trial registration number is TCTR 20190206004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bussara Sangsawang
- Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Wannee Deoisres
- Faculty of Nursing, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Pornpat Hengudomsub
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Nucharee Sangsawang
- Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
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Erfina E, Widyawati W, McKenna L, Reisenhofer S, Ismail D. Adolescent mothers' experiences of the transition to motherhood: An integrative review. Int J Nurs Sci 2019; 6:221-228. [PMID: 31406896 PMCID: PMC6608651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A woman experiences heightened vulnerability and faces tremendous challenges when transitioning to motherhood. This is exacerbated for young mothers and studies have shown that adolescent mothers experience an increased burden of responsibility during the transition to motherhood. Recent research addressing the experiences of adolescent mothers has increased. However, the current literature on this topic is still fragmented. The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the literature to explore adolescent mothers' experiences of transition to motherhood and identify associated factors. The literature was searched using electronic databases: Medline, Cumulative index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Scopus and PubMed. Relevant articles published in English from February 2005 to 2018 were included. Eighteen articles were included in the analysis. Based on this review, factors influencing a successful to transition to motherhood for adolescents included physical problems related to birth and breastfeeding, psychological well-being, ability to care for their baby, social support, education and economic strain and the provision of healthcare. The literature indicated a relationship between social supports and the development of positive maternal identity in the transition period for adolescent motherhood. Future healthcare interventions for adolescent mothers during the transitional period should aim to provide social support and the increase ability of adolescent mothers to manage the physical and psychological challenges of young motherhood, and enhance new mothers' knowledge about caring for babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfina Erfina
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
- Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Widyawati Widyawati
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
| | - Lisa McKenna
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Australia
| | | | - Djauhar Ismail
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
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Shorey S, Ng YPM, Ng ED, Siew AL, Mörelius E, Yoong J, Gandhi M. Effectiveness of a Technology-Based Supportive Educational Parenting Program on Parental Outcomes (Part 1): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e10816. [PMID: 30758289 PMCID: PMC6391716 DOI: 10.2196/10816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transitioning into parenthood can be stressful for new parents, especially with the lack of continuity of care from health care professionals during the postpartum period. Short hospital stays limit the availability of support and time parents need to be well equipped with parenting and infant care skills. Poor parental adjustment may, in turn, lead to negative parental outcomes and adversely affect the child’s development. For the family’s future well-being, and to facilitate a smoother transition into parenthood, there is a need for easily accessible, technology-based educational programs to support parents during the crucial perinatal period. Objective This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a technology-based supportive educational parenting program (SEPP) on parenting outcomes during the perinatal period in couples. Methods A randomized, single-blinded, parallel-armed, controlled trial was conducted. The study recruited 236 parents (118 couples) from an antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Eligible parents were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=118) or the control group (n=118). The SEPP is based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory and Bowlby’s theory of attachment. Components of the intervention include 2 telephone-based educational sessions (1 antenatal and 1 immediately postnatal) and a mobile health app follow-up for 1 month. The control group only received routine perinatal care provided by the hospital. Outcome measures including parenting self-efficacy (PSE), parental bonding, perceived social support, parenting satisfaction, postnatal depression (PND), and anxiety were measured using reliable and valid instruments. Data were collected over 6 months at 4 time points: during pregnancy (third trimester), 2 days postpartum, 1 month postpartum, and 3 months postpartum. Outcomes were standardized using baseline means and SDs. Linear mixed models were used to compare the groups for postpartum changes in the outcome variables. Results The intervention group showed significantly better outcome scores than the control group from baseline to 3 months postpartum for PSE (mean difference, MD, 0.37; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.68; P=.02), parental bonding (MD −1.32; 95% CI −1.89 to −0.75; P<.001), self-perceived social support (MD 0.69; 95% CI 0.18 to 1.19; P=.01), parenting satisfaction (MD 1.40; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.93; P<.001), and PND (MD −0.91; 95% CI −1.34 to −0.49; P<.001). Postnatal anxiety (PNA) scores of the intervention group were only significantly better after adjusting for covariates (MD −0.82; 95% CI −1.15 to −0.49; P<.001). Conclusions The technology-based SEPP is effective in enhancing parental bonding, PSE, perceived social support and parental satisfaction, and in reducing PND and PNA. Health care professionals could incorporate it with existing hands-on infant care classes and routine care to better meet parents’ needs and create positive childbirth experiences, which may in turn encourage parents to have more children. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN48536064; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN48536064 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wMuEysiO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Clinical Research Centre, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - An Ling Siew
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joanne Yoong
- Clinical Research Centre, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihir Gandhi
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Mangeli M, Tirgari B, Cheraghi MA, Rayyani M. Exploring the experiences of Iranian adolescent mothers about the maternal role: a qualitative study. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6812-6820. [PMID: 29997766 PMCID: PMC6033130 DOI: 10.19082/6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early motherhood is one of the most important issues in developing countries. Adolescent mothers are not sufficiently prepared to accept the maternal role. How to achieve success in the maternal role should be studied. Objective To explore the experiences of Iranian adolescent mothers about the maternal role. Methods This qualitative study was conducted through a conventional content analysis approach from March to December 2016. Face to face in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 Iranian teenage mothers in Kerman province, Iran. Participants were selected purposefully and with maximum variation of the age of the first birth, child's age, place of residence and financial status. Data collection continued until data saturation and MAXQDA software was utilized to analyze the collected data. Results Data analysis resulted in the extraction of the two main categories including optimizing the process of the maternal experience (use of maximum individual capabilities, planning and management of conditions, efforts to acquire maternal competency, and reliance on spirituality) and supporters for the acceptance of the maternal role (social support, professional services of health care providers, time lapse, care history). Conclusion Early motherhood is not merely an unpleasant experience; if appropriate strategies and facilitators are used, it can have positive consequences. Health care providers should provide satisfactory services in care, education and support with adequate knowledge of adolescent characteristics. Opportunities in the community should also be directed to support this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maasoumeh Mangeli
- Ph.D. of Nursing, Assistant Professor. Nursing Research Center, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Batool Tirgari
- Ph.D. of Nursing, Associate Professor, Nursing Research Center, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Cheraghi
- Ph.D. of Nursing, Full Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rayyani
- Ph.D. of Nursing, Assistant Professor. Nursing Research Center, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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