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Safarkhani M, Moghaddam SS, Taghavimandi F, Bagherzadeh M, Fatahi Y, Park U, Radmanesh F, Huh YS, Rabiee N. Bioengineered Smart Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Treatment: Adorned Carbon-Based Nanocomposites with Silver and Palladium Complexes for Efficient Drug Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1183-1195. [PMID: 38222665 PMCID: PMC10785617 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible and bioactive carbon-based nanocomposites are ingeniously designed and fabricated with the aim of enhancing drug delivery applicability in breast cancer treatment. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are utilized as nanocarriers for increasing penetrability into cells and the loading capacity. What sets our study apart is the strategic incorporation of the two different complexes of silver (AgL2) and palladium (PdL2) with the carboxamide-based ligand C9H7N3OS (L), which have been synthesized and decorated on nanocarriers alongside doxorubicin (DOX) for stabilizing DOX by π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Although DOX is a well-known cancer therapy agent, the efficacy of DOX is hindered owing to drug resistance, poor internalization, and limited site specificity. Aside from stabilizing DOX on nanocarriers, our carbon-based nanocarriers are tailored to act as a precision-guided missile, strategically by adorning with target-sensitive complexes. Based on the literature, carboxamide ligands can connect to overexpressed receptors on cancerous cells and inhibit them from proliferation signaling. Also, the complexes have an antibacterial activity that can control the infection caused by decreasing white blood cells and necrosis of cancerous cells. A high-concentration cytotoxicity assay revealed that decorating PdL2 on a DOX-containing nanocarrier not only increased cytotoxicity to breast cancerous cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) but also revealed higher cell viability on a normal cell line (MCF-10A). The drug release screening results showed that the presence of PdL2 led to 72 h correlate release behavior in acidic and physiological pH profiles, while the AgL2-containing nanocomposite showed an analogue behavior for just 6 h and the release of DOX continued and after about 100 h hit the top.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Safarkhani
- NanoBio
High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences
and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9465, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Taghavimandi
- NanoBio
High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences
and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9465, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Uichang Park
- NanoBio
High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences
and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatemeh Radmanesh
- Uro-Oncology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Department
of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology,
ACECR, Tehran 16635-14, Iran
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio
High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences
and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Bezerra PHA, Amaral C, Almeida CF, Correia-da-Silva G, Torqueti MR, Teixeira N. In Vitro Effects of Combining Genistein with Aromatase Inhibitors: Concerns Regarding Its Consumption during Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:4893. [PMID: 37446555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The third-generation of aromatase inhibitors (AIs)-Exemestane (Exe), Letrozole (Let), and Anastrozole (Ana)-is the main therapeutic approach applied for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), the most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Despite their success, the development of resistance limits their efficacy. Genistein (G), a phytoestrogen present in soybean, has promising anticancer properties in ER+ BC cells, even when combined with anticancer drugs. Thus, the potential beneficial effects of combining G with AIs were investigated in sensitive (MCF7-aro) and resistant (LTEDaro) BC cells. METHODS The effects on cell proliferation and expression of aromatase, ERα/ERβ, and AR receptors were evaluated. RESULTS Unlike the combination of G with Ana or Let, which negatively affects the Ais' therapeutic efficacy, G enhanced the anticancer properties of the steroidal AI Exe, increasing the antiproliferative effect and apoptosis relative to Exe. The hormone targets studied were not affected by this combination when compared with Exe. CONCLUSIONS This is the first in vitro study that highlights the potential benefit of G as an adjuvant therapy with Exe, emphasizing, however, that soy derivatives widely used in the diet or applied as auxiliary medicines may increase the risk of adverse interactions with nonsteroidal AIs used in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia H A Bezerra
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina F Almeida
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Phillips RV, van der Laan MJ. Discussion on "Adaptive enrichment designs with a continuous biomarker" by Nigel Stallard. Biometrics 2023; 79:20-22. [PMID: 35332936 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael V Phillips
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark J van der Laan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Halim F, Azhar Y, Suwarman S, Hernowo B. p53 Mutation as Plausible Predictor for Endocrine Resistance Therapy in Luminal Breast Cancer. F1000Res 2022; 11:330. [PMID: 36519010 PMCID: PMC9718986 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer is a significant issue to be tackled, but currently, no specific biomarker could be used to anticipate this event. p53 mutation is widely known as one of Breast Cancer's most prominent genetic alterations. Its mutation could generate various effects in Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor molecular works, tangled in events leading to the aggravation of endocrine therapy resistance. Hence the possibility of p53 mutation utilization as an endocrine therapy resistance predictive biomarker is plausible. The purpose of this review is to explore the latest knowledge of p53 role in Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor molecular actions, thus aggravating the Endocrine Therapy resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer, from which we could define possibilities and limitations to utilize p53 as the predictive biomarker of endocrine therapy resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Halim
- Department of Surgery, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia,
| | - Yohana Azhar
- Department of Surgery - Oncology, Head and Neck Division, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Suwarman Suwarman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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An D, Choi J, Lee J, Kim JY, Kwon S, Kim J, Lee S, Jeon S, Lee C, Lee S, Woo H. Time to surgery and survival in breast cancer. BMC Surg 2022; 22:388. [PMID: 36369022 PMCID: PMC9652796 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of the time from diagnosis to breast cancer surgery on breast cancer patients’ prognosis.
Methods Of the 1900 patients diagnosed with invasive (stage 1–3) breast cancer who underwent surgery in KUH between 2012 and 2019, 279 patients were enrolled in this study. All patients, including those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were classified as Model 1 subjects, and those who received immediate surgical treatment were classified as Model 2 subjects. We conducted a Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic factors of breast cancer associated with the time from diagnosis to surgery. Results The univariate results indicated a sharp drop in both groups’ survival rates when the time to surgery was delayed for more than 8 weeks (Model 1 p = 0.000; Model 2 p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of Model 1increased (HR = 6.84, 95% CI 1.06–44.25) in response to a delay in surgery of more than 8 weeks. Smoking and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system had a negative effect on breast cancer prognosis, while hormone therapy had a positive effect. Conclusion For all patients, a delay in breast cancer surgery of more than 8 weeks was inversely associated with survival.
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Liu R, Rizzo S, Waliany S, Garmhausen MR, Pal N, Huang Z, Chaudhary N, Wang L, Harbron C, Neal J, Copping R, Zou J. Systematic pan-cancer analysis of mutation-treatment interactions using large real-world clinicogenomics data. Nat Med 2022; 28:1656-1661. [PMID: 35773542 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the effectiveness of different cancer therapies in patients with specific tumor mutations is critical for improving patient outcomes and advancing precision medicine. Here we perform a large-scale computational analysis of 40,903 US patients with cancer who have detailed mutation profiles, treatment sequences and outcomes derived from electronic health records. We systematically identify 458 mutations that predict the survival of patients on specific immunotherapies, chemotherapy agents or targeted therapies across eight common cancer types. We further characterize mutation-mutation interactions that impact the outcomes of targeted therapies. This work demonstrates how computational analysis of large real-world data generates insights, hypotheses and resources to enable precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Waliany
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Wang
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel Neal
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - James Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Pandey P, Kumar Arya D, Kumar Ramar M, Chidambaram K, Rajinikanth P. Engineered nanomaterials as an effective tool for HER2+ breast cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2526-2540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martí C, Yébenes L, Oliver JM, Moreno E, Frías L, Berjón A, Loayza A, Meléndez M, Roca MJ, Córdoba V, Hardisson D, Rodríguez MÁ, Sánchez-Méndez JI. The Clinical Impact of Neoadjuvant Endocrine Treatment on Luminal-like Breast Cancers and Its Prognostic Significance: Results from a Single-Institution Prospective Cohort Study. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2199-2210. [PMID: 35448153 PMCID: PMC9026529 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET) has become a useful tool for the downstaging of luminal-like breast cancers in postmenopausal patients. It enables us to increase breast- conserving surgery (BCS) rates, provides an opportunity for us to assess in vivo NET effectiveness, and allows us to study any biological changes that may act as valid biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NET, and to assess the role of Ki67 proliferation rate changes as an indicator of endocrine responsiveness. Methods: From 2016 to 2020, a single-institution cohort of patients, treated with NET and further surgery, was evaluated. In patients with Ki67 ≥ 10%, a second core biopsy was performed after four weeks. Information regarding histopathological and clinical changes was gathered. Results: A total of 115 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/HER2-negative patients were included. The median treatment duration was 5.0 months (IQR: 2.0−6.0). The median maximum size in the surgical sample was 40% smaller than the pretreatment size measured by ultrasound (p < 0.0001). The median pretreatment Ki67 expression was 20.0% (IQR: 12.0−30.0), and was reduced to 5.0% (IQR: 1.8−10.0) after four weeks, and to 2.0% (IQR: 1.0−8.0) in the surgical sample (p < 0.0001). BCS was performed on 98 patients (85.2%). No pathological complete responses were recorded. A larger Ki67 fold change after four weeks was significantly related to a PEPI score of zero (p < 0.002). No differences were observed between luminal A- and B-like tumors, with regard to fold change and PEPI score. Conclusions: In our cohort, NET was proven to be effective for tumor size and Ki67 downstaging. This resulted in a higher rate of conservative surgery, aided in therapeutic decision making, provided prognostic information, and constituted a safe and well-tolerated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Martí
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Yébenes
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- IdiPaz—Instituto de Investigación La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Oliver
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Moreno
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Frías
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Berjón
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- IdiPaz—Instituto de Investigación La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Loayza
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Meléndez
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Roca
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenta Córdoba
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- IdiPaz—Instituto de Investigación La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Rodríguez
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
| | - José Ignacio Sánchez-Méndez
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.Y.); (J.M.O.); (E.M.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (M.J.R.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (M.Á.R.); (J.I.S.-M.)
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- IdiPaz—Instituto de Investigación La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Evaluation of Breast Cancer Size Measurement by Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) and a Radiologist on Breast MRI. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051172. [PMID: 35268263 PMCID: PMC8911102 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate cancer size measurement by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and radiologist on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relative to histopathology and to determine clinicopathologic and MRI factors that may affect measurements. Methods: Preoperative MRI of 208 breast cancers taken between January 2017 and March 2021 were included. We evaluated correlation between CAD-generated size and pathologic size as well as that between radiologist-measured size and pathologic size. We classified size discrepancies into accurate and inaccurate groups. For both CAD and radiologist, clinicopathologic and imaging factors were compared between accurate and inaccurate groups. Results: The mean sizes as predicted by CAD, radiologist and pathology were 2.66 ± 1.68 cm, 2.54 ± 1.68 cm, and 2.30 ± 1.61 cm, with significant difference (p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients of cancer size measurement by radiologist and CAD in reference to pathology were 0.898 and 0.823. Radiologist’s measurement was more accurate than CAD, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). CAD-generated measurement was significantly more inaccurate for cancers of larger pathologic size (>2 cm), in the presence of an extensive intraductal component (EIC), with positive progesterone receptor (PR), and of non-mass enhancement (p = 0.045, 0.045, 0.03 and 0.002). Radiologist-measured size was significantly more inaccurate for cancers in presence of an in situ component, EIC, positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and non-mass enhancement (p = 0.017, 0.008, 0.003 and <0.001). Conclusion: Breast cancer size measurement showed a very strong correlation between CAD and pathology and radiologist and pathology. Radiologist-measured size was significantly more accurate than CAD size. Cancer size measurement by CAD and radiologist can both be inaccurate for cancers with EIC or non-mass enhancement.
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Komorowska D, Gajewska A, Hikisz P, Bartosz G, Rodacka A. Comparison of the Effects of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives on the Radiation Response of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179511. [PMID: 34502426 PMCID: PMC8431402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is among the most important methods for breast cancer treatment. However, this method's effectiveness is limited by radioresistance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stilbene derivatives piceid, resveratrol, and piceatannol have a radiosensitising effect on breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The conducted research enabled us to determine which of the tested compounds has the greatest potential in sensitising cells to ionising radiation (IR). Among the stilbene derivatives, resveratrol significantly increased the effect of IR. Resveratrol and IR used in combination had a higher cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells than using piceatannol, piceid, or radiation alone. This was due to a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in the accumulation of formed reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effect of resveratrol and IR enhanced the expression of apoptotic genes, such as Bax, p53, and caspase 8, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Komorowska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Paweł Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Rodacka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +48-426354473
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The Present and Future of Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112538. [PMID: 34064183 PMCID: PMC8196711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of breast cancer has evolved considerably over the last two decades, leading toward individualized disease management. Hormone-sensitive breast cancers constitute the vast majority of cases and endocrine therapy is the mainstay of their treatment. On the other hand, neoadjuvant or pre-surgical treatments provide a number of advantages for tumor management. In this review we will discuss the existing evidence on neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, as well as its possible future indications. Abstract Endocrine therapy (ET) has established itself as an efficacious treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers, with a reduction in recurrence rates and increased survival rates. The pre-surgical approach with chemotherapy (NCT) has become a common form of management for large, locally advanced, or high-risk tumors. However, a good response to NCT is not usually expected in ER+ tumors. Good results with primary ET, mainly in elderly women, have encouraged studies in other stages of life, and nowadays neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET) has become a useful approach to many ER+ breast cancers. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current state of art regarding the present and the future role of NET.
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Bou Zerdan M, Ibrahim M, El Nakib C, Hajjar R, Assi HI. Genomic Assays in Node Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Review. Front Oncol 2021; 10:609100. [PMID: 33665165 PMCID: PMC7921691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.609100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, developments in breast cancer have allowed yet another realization of individualized medicine in the field of oncology. One of these advances is genomic assays, which are considered elements of standard clinical practice in the management of breast cancer. These assays are widely used today not only to measure recurrence risk in breast cancer patients at an early stage but also to tailor treatment as well and minimize avoidable treatment side effects. At present, genomic tests are applied extensively in node negative disease. In this article, we review the use of these tests in node positive disease, explore their ramifications on neoadjuvant chemotherapy decisions, highlight sufficiently powered recent studies emphasizing their use and review the most recent guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maryam Ibrahim
- Division of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clara El Nakib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Hajjar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Response and Prognosis of Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in ER + HER2 - Breast Cancer: A Prospective Phase II Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:462-468. [PMID: 33046356 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a docetaxel and cyclophosphomide (TC) regimen without anthracycline as adjuvant therapy became one of the standard regimens especially for ER-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) primary breast cancer, the efficacy of TC as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is not known. We conducted the prospective trial to assess the efficacy of a TC regimen in the neoadjuvant setting for stage II to III ER+/HER2- primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A TC regimen that included 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel and 600 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide for 4 cycles every 3 weeks was administered as NAC. Primary endpoints are the rate of clinical response (clinical partial response and clinical complete response) and pathologic complete response; secondary endpoints are the disease-free survival and overall survival rates. RESULTS Thirty (71.4%) of 42 tumors had clinical response. No patient achieved pathologic complete response. At the median follow-up period of 105.2 months (range, 12.1-119.7 months), the disease-free survival rate was 81.6%, and the distant disease-free survival rate was 86.8%. In terms of survival, only 1 patient died during the study period. The overall survival rate was 97.4% during the study period. Patients who developed distant recurrence had a trend to have progesterone receptor-negative or weakly positive compared with those who did not develop any recurrence (85.7% vs. 45.2%; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS Our prospective study showed that a TC regimen as NAC achieved a high clinical response rate in stage II to III ER+/HER2- breast cancer. A TC regimen without anthracycline as NAC might be one of the options for patients with ER+/HER2- breast cancer without high-risk factors including progesterone receptor negativity.
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Wu J, Mamidi TKK, Zhang L, Hicks C. Unraveling the Genomic-Epigenomic Interaction Landscape in Triple Negative and Non-Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061559. [PMID: 32545594 PMCID: PMC7352267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The recent surge of next generation sequencing of breast cancer genomes has enabled development of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations and expanded the molecular classification of subtypes of breast cancer. However, somatic mutations and gene expression data have not been leveraged and integrated with epigenomic data to unravel the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). Methods: We performed integrative data analysis combining somatic mutation, epigenomic and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to unravel the possible oncogenic interactions between genomic and epigenomic variation in TNBC and non-TNBC. We hypothesized that within breast cancers, there are differences in somatic mutation, DNA methylation and gene expression signatures between TNBC and non-TNBC. We further hypothesized that genomic and epigenomic alterations affect gene regulatory networks and signaling pathways driving the two types of breast cancer. Results: The investigation revealed somatic mutated, epigenomic and gene expression signatures unique to TNBC and non-TNBC and signatures distinguishing the two types of breast cancer. In addition, the investigation revealed molecular networks and signaling pathways enriched for somatic mutations and epigenomic changes unique to each type of breast cancer. The most significant pathways for TNBC were: retinal biosynthesis, BAG2, LXR/RXR, EIF2 and P2Y purigenic receptor signaling pathways. The most significant pathways for non-TNBC were: UVB-induced MAPK, PCP, Apelin endothelial, Endoplasmatic reticulum stress and mechanisms of viral exit from host signaling Pathways. Conclusion: The investigation revealed integrated genomic, epigenomic and gene expression signatures and signing pathways unique to TNBC and non-TNBC, and a gene signature distinguishing the two types of breast cancer. The study demonstrates that integrative analysis of multi-omics data is a powerful approach for unravelling the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape in TNBC and non-TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiande Wu
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetic, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Alabama–Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, 513 Edwards Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetic, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-2657
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Ma S, Li J, Liu L, Le TD. Discovering context specific causal relationships. INTELL DATA ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/ida-184010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Guo Z, Tada H, Kitamura N, Hamada Y, Miyashita M, Harada-Shoji N, Sato A, Hamanaka Y, Tsuboi K, Harada N, Takano-Kasuya M, Okada H, Nakano Y, Ohuchi N, Hayashi SI, Ishida T, Gonda K. Automated Quantification of Extranuclear ERα using Phosphor-integrated Dots for Predicting Endocrine Therapy Resistance in HR +/HER2 - Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040526. [PMID: 31013810 PMCID: PMC6520781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genomic signaling, Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is associated with cell proliferation and survival through extranuclear signaling contributing to endocrine therapy (ET) resistance. However, the relationship between extranuclear ERα and ET resistance has not been extensively studied. We sought to measure extranuclear ERα expression by immunohistochemistry using phosphor-integrated dots (IHC-PIDs) and to assess its predictive value for ET resistance. After quantitative detection of ERα by IHC-PIDs in vitro, we developed “the nearest-neighbor method” to calculate the extranuclear ERα. Furthermore, tissue sections from 65 patients with HR+/HER2- BC were examined by IHC-PIDs, and the total ERα, nuclear ERα, extranuclear ERα PIDs score, and ratio of extranuclear-to-nuclear ERα (ENR) were measured using the novel method. We demonstrate that quantification of ERα using IHC-PIDs exhibited strong correlations to real-time qRT-PCR (r2 = 0.94) and flow cytometry (r2 = 0.98). High ERα ENR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.048) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ERα ENR was an independent prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4–11.8; p = 0.006]. Our automated measurement has high accuracy to localize and assess extranuclear ERα. A high ERα ENR in HR+/HER2− BC indicates decreased likelihood of benefiting from ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Guo
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yoh Hamada
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kouki Tsuboi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Harada
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Takano-Kasuya
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hisatake Okada
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Nakano
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
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Salagame U, Banks E, O’Connell DL, Egger S, Canfell K. Menopausal Hormone Therapy use and breast cancer risk by receptor subtypes: Results from the New South Wales Cancer Lifestyle and EvaluAtion of Risk (CLEAR) study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205034. [PMID: 30403669 PMCID: PMC6221262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk is increased with current Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) use, with higher risks reported for ER+ (Estrogen Receptor positive), and ER+/PR+ (Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor positive) breast cancers than those of ER- and ER-/PR- status, respectively. There is limited evidence to suggest MHT use is associated with the specific subtype characterised as ER+/PR+/HER2- (Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor positive and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor2 negative) status. This study aims to investigate the MHT-breast cancer relationship for breast cancer tumor receptor subtypes defined by ER expression alone, by ER and PR expression only and by joint expression of ER, PR, and HER2. Analyses compared 399 cancer registry-verified breast cancer cases with receptor status information and 324 cancer-free controls. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for current and past versus never MHT use, for subgroups defined by tumor receptor expression. Current, but not past, use of MHT was associated with an elevated risk of ER+ breast cancer (aOR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.28-3.24) and ER+/PR+ breast cancer (aOR = 2.29, 1.41-3.72). Current MHT use was also associated with an elevated risk of the ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype (aOR = 2.30, 1.42-3.73). None of the other subtypes based on ER, ER/PR or ER/PR/HER2 expression were significantly associated with current MHT use in this analysis. Current, but not past, use of MHT increases the risk of breast cancer, with consistently higher risks reported for ER+ and ER+/PR+ subtypes and mounting evidence regarding the specific ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype. Our findings contribute to quantification of the effects of MHT, and support efforts to articulate the receptor-mediated mechanisms by which MHT increases the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Salagame
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L. O’Connell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Diffuse Bone Marrow Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of an Occult Breast Cancer. Case Rep Oncol Med 2018; 2018:2946409. [PMID: 30140477 PMCID: PMC6081566 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2946409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is one of the malignancies which tend to involve the bone marrow, but initial presentation with diffuse bone marrow metastasis from an occult breast cancer is very rare. Prognosis is generally very poor for marrow metastasis from solid tumors except that breast cancer is a treatable disease even in such a dismal condition. Case A 64-year-old woman's headache was found to result from diffuse adenocarcinoma metastasis in the bone marrow from an unknown primary site. Intensive immunohistochemistry study of bone marrow biopsy specimen confirmed the disease nature to be an estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Mammography and magnetic resonance imaging of breasts revealed a suspicious primary lesion in the right breast. Treatment with tamoxifen alone achieved a sustained response. Discussion Mucin 1 (MUC1), also known as cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), facilitates motility and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives breast cancer cell growth and colonization in bone marrow adipose tissue niche. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) activate osteoclasts to make a favorable bone marrow microenvironment for tumor cells. Agents against MUC1, IL-1β, and RANKL might be of therapeutic effect for patients like ours.
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Park HG, Zhang JY, Foster C, Sudilovsky D, Schwed DA, Mecenas J, Devapatla S, Lawrence P, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. A rare eicosanoid precursor analogue, sciadonic acid (5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3), detected in vivo in hormone positive breast cancer tissue. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 134:1-6. [PMID: 29886893 PMCID: PMC5999340 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous genetic alterations of HSA 11q13 are found frequently in several cancer types, including breast cancer (BC). The 11q13 locus harbors FADS2 encoding Δ6 desaturation which is not functional in several cancer cell lines, including hormone positive MCF7 BC cells. In vitro, the non-functional FADS2 activity unmasks 18:2n-6 elongation to 20:2n-6 and Δ5 desaturation by FADS1 to yield 5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3 (sciadonic acid) rather than 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-20:4 (arachidonic acid). In this pilot study we aimed to determine whether 5,11,14-20:3 appears in vivo in hormone positive human BC tissue. Fatty acids were profiled in surgically removed human breast tumor and adjacent normal tissue (n = 9). Sciadonic acid was detected in three of nine breast tumor samples and was below detect limits in normal breast tissue. The internal Δ8 double bond of arachidonic acid is required for normal eicosanoid synthesis but is missing in sciadonic acid. This pilot study demonstrates for the first time in vivo sciadonic acid in hormone positive BC tissue, warranting a larger survey study to further evaluate its appearance and the functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - J Y Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C Foster
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - D Sudilovsky
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - D A Schwed
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - J Mecenas
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - S Devapatla
- Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - P Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - K S D Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - J T Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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20
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Shawky MS, Martin H, Hugo HJ, Lloyd T, Britt KL, Redfern A, Thompson EW. Mammographic density: a potential monitoring biomarker for adjuvant and preventative breast cancer endocrine therapies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5578-5591. [PMID: 27894075 PMCID: PMC5354931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mammographic density (MD) has been shown beyond doubt to be a marker for increased breast cancer risk, though the underpinning pathobiology is yet to be fully elucidated. Estrogenic activity exerts a strong influence over MD, which consequently has been observed to change predictably in response to tamoxifen anti-estrogen therapy, although results for other selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors are less consistent. In both primary and secondary prevention settings, tamoxifen-associated MD changes correlate with successful modulation of risk or outcome, particularly among pre-menopausal women; an observation that supports the potential use of MD change as a surrogate marker where short-term MD changes reflect longer-term anti-estrogen efficacy. Here we summarize endocrine therapy-induced MD changes and attendant outcomes and discuss both the need for outcome surrogates in such therapy, as well as make a case for MD as such a monitoring marker. We then discuss the process and steps required to validate and introduce MD into practice as a predictor or surrogate for endocrine therapy efficacy in preventive and adjuvant breast cancer treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Shawky
- Department of Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hilary Martin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, and Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Honor J Hugo
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Lloyd
- Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, and Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Córdoba O, Llurba E, Cortés J, Sabadell MD, Lirola JL, Ferrer Q, Xercavins J. Complete Pathological Remission in a Patient with Hormone-Receptor Positive and c-erbB-2 Expression-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with FAC Chemotherapy during Pregnancy. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 96:629-32. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a pregnant woman diagnosed with breast cancer at 26 weeks' gestation. The tumor was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and negative for overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein. Neoadjuvant FAC (fluorouracil, adriamycin, cytoxan) chemotherapy was started at 29 weeks' gestation. At 37 weeks, delivery was induced and the patient gave born to a healthy female baby weighing 2350 g, after which she was given a further cycle of chemotherapy and weekly paclitaxel. Clinical and radiological remission was achieved. Resection of the breast tissue showed complete pathological response and negative lymph nodes. This case illustrates how the integrated work of different specialists can obtain excellent oncological and obstetrical results in the care of pregnant women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavi Córdoba
- Breast Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Llurba
- Fetal and Maternal Medicine Unit, Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Service of Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dolors Sabadell
- Breast Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Lirola
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Ferrer
- Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Xercavins
- Breast Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Taichman LS, Van Poznak CH, Inglehart MR. Oral health-related concerns, behavior, and communication with health care providers of patients with breast cancer: impact of different treatments. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:36-45. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Susan Taichman
- Clinical Associate Professor; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Catherine H. Van Poznak
- Associate Professor; Department of Internal Medicine; Hematology and Oncology Division; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Marita R. Inglehart
- Professor; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry & Department of Psychology; College of Literature, Science & Arts; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
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Aydin H, Guner B, Esen Bostanci I, Bulut ZM, Aribas BK, Dogan L, Gulcelik MA. Is there any relationship between adc values of diffusion-weighted imaging and the histopathological prognostic factors of invasive ductal carcinoma? Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170705. [PMID: 29299933 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MRI is being used increasingly as a modality that can provide important information about breast cancer. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique from which apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values can be calculated in addition to obtaining important structural information which cannot be obtained from other imaging studies. We did not find any significant relationships between ADC values and prognostic factors, but did provide some explanations for conflicting results in the literature. METHODS The ADC results of 61 females with invasive ductal carcinomas were evaluated. DWI was performed and ADC values were calculated from the area in which restriction of diffusion was the highest in ADC mapping. B value was 500 and region of interest (ROI) was designated between 49 and 100 mm2. Calculations were performed automatically by the device. Tissue samples were obtained for prognostic factor evaluation. The relationships between ADC and prognostic factors were investigated. Comparisons between groups were made with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons were made with Dunn's test. Analyses of categorical variables were made with Chi-square test. RESULTS We found a weak negative correlation between ADC and Ki-67 values (r = -0.279; p = 0.029). When we compared ADC values in regard to tumour type, we found no significant differences for tumour grade, Ki-67 positivity, estrogen receptor positivity, progesterone receptor positivity, C-erb B2, lymphovascular invasion and ductal carcinoma in situ or lobular carcinoma in situ component. On a side note, we found that mean ADC values decreased as tumour grade increased; however, this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The literature contains studies that report conflicting results which may be caused by differences in B values, ROI area and magnetic field strength. Multicentre studies and systematic reviews of these findings may produce crucial data for the use of DWI in breast cancer. Advances in knowledge: To determine if any significant relationship exists between DWI findings and prognostic factors of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Aydin
- 1 Department of Radiology, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Bahar Guner
- 1 Department of Radiology, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Isil Esen Bostanci
- 1 Department of Radiology, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zarife Melda Bulut
- 2 Department of Pathology, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Bilgin Kadri Aribas
- 1 Department of Radiology, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Lutfi Dogan
- 3 Department of General Surgery, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Gulcelik
- 3 Department of General Surgery, Dr AY Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.,Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, Ankara , Turkey
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Yoo EY, Nam SY, Choi HY, Hong MJ. Agreement between MRI and pathologic analyses for determination of tumor size and correlation with immunohistochemical factors of invasive breast carcinoma. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:50-57. [PMID: 28425758 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117705010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background There may be discordance between tumor size determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and that observed during pathologic analyses. Purpose To evaluate MRI-pathology concordance of tumor size in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Material and Methods Data from 307 invasive breast carcinomas were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative breast MRI was reviewed for size, lesion type, morphology, and dynamic contrast-enhanced tumor kinetics. MRI tumor size was compared with tumor size measurements from the pathologic analysis. Concordance was defined as a difference in diameter of ≤ 0.5 cm. MRI-pathology concordance was compared according to clinical and histopathologic features. Results The mean tumor size on MRI was 2.48 ± 1.41 cm. Tumor measurements determined by MRI were not significantly different from those recorded in the pathologic reports (2.56 ± 1.61 cm, P = 0.199). MRI-pathology concordance was found in 229/307 (74.6%) cases; the size was overestimated in 36 (11.7%) tumors and underestimated in 42 (13.7%). On univariate analysis, MRI-pathology discordance was associated with larger tumor size ( P < 0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity ( P = 0.006), and lymphovascular invasion ( P = 0.003). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive molecular subtype showed worse correlation between the tumor size measured by MRI and pathology compared with luminal A and luminal B subtypes ( P = 0.008 and 0.007). On multivariate analysis, tumor size and ER status significantly influenced MRI-pathology concordance ( P < 0.05). Conclusion ER negativity and larger tumor size were strongly associated with MRI-pathology discordance in invasive breast carcinomas. Awareness of these factors might improve surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Gil Hospital, Gachon University School of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yu Nam
- Department of Radiology, Gil Hospital, Gachon University School of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gil Hospital, Gachon University School of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Hong
- Department of Radiology, Gil Hospital, Gachon University School of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Comparison of Estrogen, Progesterone and Her2 Receptors in Primary Breast Cancer and Paired Metastatic Lymph Nodes: An Immunohistochemical Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.6634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Prognostic and predictive indicators in early-stage breast cancer and the role of genomic profiling: Focus on the Oncotype DX ® Breast Recurrence Score Assay. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43:921-930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Klebaner D, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Ahern T, Crawford A, Jakobsen T, Cronin-Fenton DP, Damkier P, Janssen E, Kjaersgaard A, Ording AG, Søiland H, Sørensen HT, Lash TL, Hellberg Y. Apolipoprotein D expression does not predict breast cancer recurrence among tamoxifen-treated patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171453. [PMID: 28301514 PMCID: PMC5354364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) has been proposed as a predictor of breast cancer recurrence among estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), tamoxifen-treated patients. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study nested in a population of 11,251 women aged 35-69 years at diagnosis with Stage I-III breast cancer between 1985 and 2001 on Denmark's Jutland Peninsula and registered with the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. We identified 541 recurrent or contralateral breast cancers cases among women with ER+ disease treated with tamoxifen for at least 1 year and 300 cases in women with ER- disease never treated with tamoxifen. We matched one control subject per case and assessed ApoD expression in the tumor cell nucleus and cytoplasm using tissue microarray immunohistochemistry. We computed the odds ratio (OR) associating ApoD expression with recurrence and adjusted for potential confounding using logistic regression. RESULTS Cytoplasmic ApoD expression was seen in 68% of ER+ tumors, in 66% of ER- tumors, and in 66% of controls across both groups. In women with ER+ tumors, the associations of cytoplasmic ApoD expression with recurrence (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.7 to 1.4) and increasing cytoplasmic expression with recurrence (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.996 to 1.003) were null, as were those for women with ER- tumors. Associations for nuclear ApoD expression and combined nuclear and cytoplasmic expression were similarly near-null. CONCLUSION ApoD expression is likely not a predictor of recurrence in tamoxifen-treated patients. IMPACT This study eliminates the previously suggested marker ApoD as a predictor of recurrence among tamoxifen-treated women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Klebaner
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas Ahern
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Anatasha Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas Jakobsen
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Damkier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emiel Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellberg
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Quagliariello V, Iaffaioli RV, Armenia E, Clemente O, Barbarisi M, Nasti G, Berretta M, Ottaiano A, Barbarisi A. Hyaluronic Acid Nanohydrogel Loaded With Quercetin Alone or in Combination to a Macrolide Derivative of Rapamycin RAD001 (Everolimus) as a New Treatment for Hormone-Responsive Human Breast Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2063-2074. [PMID: 27607841 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is based on the evaluation of anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and cellular uptake of hyaluronic acid nanohydrogel of quercetin tested alone and in combination to a macrolide derivative of rapamycin RAD001 (everolimus) on hormone-responsive breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Biological investigations were focused on the receptor mediated cellular internalization of the nanohydrogel and its abilities to reduce secretion of several cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, IL-19), VEGF, and metalloproteases (MMP-2, MMP-9) under pro-inflammatory conditions. Nanohydrogel show a CD44 dependent endocytosis with evident time dependent cytoplasmatic accumulation with abilities to reduce secretion of all cytokines of ∼60% compared to untreated cells. Combination of formulated quercetin and everolimus leads to a synergistic cytotoxic effects with a Combination Index of 0.38. These results highlights the importance of synergistic effect of the hyaluronic acid nanohydrogel of quercetin with everolimus in the regulation of human breast cancer cell proliferation and emphasize the antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties of the nanocarrier. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2063-2074, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS-Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS-Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.,ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Armenia
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ottavia Clemente
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manlio Barbarisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS-Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS-Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Barbarisi
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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29
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Effi AB, Aman NA, Koui BS, Koffi KD, Traoré ZC, Kouyate M. Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: relationship with clinicopathologic factors in 302 patients in Ivory Coast. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:115. [PMID: 28173783 PMCID: PMC5297122 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and a hormone-dependent disease. The detection of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) is crucial for prognostic evaluation and treatment choice of breast cancer for clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the hormonal receptors, their distribution, and their correlation with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters for the improvement of the patients' treatment in Ivory Coast. METHODS The 20-month prospective study included 302 patients who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast carcinomas at the Central Laboratory in Abidjan. The paraffin-embedded blocks of these patients were examined by immunohistochemistry to assess the ER and PgR status. The one-way analysis of variance and Chi-Square Test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 48 ± 11 years. The majority of the women were premenopausal in 180 cases (59.9%). The predominant histologic type was invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS) in 247 cases (82%). Tumor grade 2 was more frequent in 166 cases (55%). Among 302 patients, 169 (56%) and 154 (49%) expressed ER and PgR respectively. The ER+PgR+ group with 131 cases (43%) was predominant, followed by 116 cases (38%) of ER-PgR-. The expression of ER and PgR was correlated with the age of the patients (p = 0.026) and the tumor grade (p = 0.0004). However, there was not statistically significant correlation between ER/PgR and the menopausal status of patients (p = 0.149), nor between ER/PgR and the histologic type (p = 0.523). CONCLUSION The ER+PgR+ and ER-PgR- are the most common subgroups in women with breast cancer in Ivory Coast. The hormonal receptor status is associated with the age and the histologic grade in breast cancer patients. The systematic use of hormonal treatment should be reevaluated. A further study should be done to investigate the reasons of high rate of ER-PgR- in breast cancer patients in Ivory Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahoua Benjamin Effi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast
| | - Nguiessan Alphonse Aman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast.
| | - Baumaney Sylvanus Koui
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Treichville Teaching Hospital, 01 BP V 03, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
| | - Kouadio Donatien Koffi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast
| | - Zie Cheick Traoré
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast
| | - Mohamed Kouyate
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Treichville Teaching Hospital, 01 BP V 03, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
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30
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McDaniel JM, Varley KE, Gertz J, Savic DS, Roberts BS, Bailey SK, Shevde LA, Ramaker RC, Lasseigne BN, Kirby MK, Newberry KM, Partridge EC, Jones AL, Boone B, Levy SE, Oliver PG, Sexton KC, Grizzle WE, Forero A, Buchsbaum DJ, Cooper SJ, Myers RM. Genomic regulation of invasion by STAT3 in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8226-8238. [PMID: 28030809 PMCID: PMC5352396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of four molecular subtypes defined by whether the tumor-originating cells are luminal or basal epithelial cells. Breast cancers arising from the luminal mammary duct often express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2). Tumors expressing ER and/or PR are treated with anti-hormonal therapies, while tumors overexpressing HER2 are targeted with monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical detection of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors/proteins is a critical step in breast cancer diagnosis and guided treatment. Breast tumors that do not express these proteins are known as "triple negative breast cancer" (TNBC) and are typically basal-like. TNBCs are the most aggressive subtype, with the highest mortality rates and no targeted therapy, so there is a pressing need to identify important TNBC tumor regulators. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor has been previously implicated as a constitutively active oncogene in TNBC. However, its direct regulatory gene targets and tumorigenic properties have not been well characterized. By integrating RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data from 2 TNBC tumors and 5 cell lines, we discovered novel gene signatures directly regulated by STAT3 that were enriched for processes involving inflammation, immunity, and invasion in TNBC. Functional analysis revealed that STAT3 has a key role regulating invasion and metastasis, a characteristic often associated with TNBC. Our findings suggest therapies targeting STAT3 may be important for preventing TNBC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M McDaniel
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.,The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Katherine E Varley
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Daniel S Savic
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Brian S Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Sarah K Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ryne C Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Marie K Kirby
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | | | - Angela L Jones
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Braden Boone
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Patsy G Oliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Katherine C Sexton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William E Grizzle
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andres Forero
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
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Falco M, Palma G, Rea D, De Biase D, Scala S, D'Aiuto M, Facchini G, Perdonà S, Barbieri A, Arra C. Tumour biomarkers: homeostasis as a novel prognostic indicator. Open Biol 2016; 6:160254. [PMID: 27927793 PMCID: PMC5204124 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'personalized medicine' refers to a medical procedure that consists in the grouping of patients based on their predicted individual response to therapy or risk of disease. In oncologic patients, a 'tailored' therapeutic approach may potentially improve their survival and well-being by not only reducing the tumour, but also enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing the adverse effects. Diagnostic tests are often used to select appropriate and optimal therapies that rely both on patient genome and other molecular/cellular analysis. Several studies have shown that lifestyle and environmental factors can influence the epigenome and that epigenetic events may be involved in carcinogenesis. Thus, in addition to traditional biomarkers, epigenetic factors are raising considerable interest, because they could potentially be used as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the role of conventional cancer genetic biomarkers and their association with epigenomics. Furthermore, we will focus on the so-called 'homeostatic biomarkers' that result from the physiological response to cancer, emphasizing the concept that an altered 'new' homeostasis influence not only tumour environment, but also the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Falco
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Molecular lmmunology and Immuneregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Naples 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Naples, italy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Breast Disease, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Department of Urology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Holowatyj AN, Ruterbusch JJ, Ratnam M, Gorski DH, Cote ML. HER2 status and disparities in luminal breast cancers. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2109-16. [PMID: 27250116 PMCID: PMC4893351 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
National Comprehensive Care Network guidelines for adjuvant treatment of invasive breast cancer are based on HER2 and hormone receptor (HR) status, where HR+ disease encompasses all estrogen receptor (ER)+ and/or progesterone receptor (PR)+ tumors. We sought to explore clinical and demographic differences among patients with HR+ breast cancer subtypes, and the role of HER2 status, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) in disease risk. We evaluated breast cancer subtype distribution, defined by HR and HER2 status, using patient clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Differences in HR categories by demographic and tumor characteristics were examined using chi-squared tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to quantify associations between breast cancer HR status and demographic factors. We found that differences in HR+ (ER-/PR+ vs. ER+/PR- or ER+/PR+) tumor biology are likely clinically significant and may play a role in breast cancer, regardless of HER2 status. While clinical and patient characteristics differed within each luminal subtype, we found disparities in SES only among Luminal A (HR+/HER2-) tumors. Among HR+/HER2- cases, we observed that ER-/PR+ patients tend to live in areas of higher poverty (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03-1.40) and are 70% more likely to be aged 50 years or older. However, this pattern was not found in women with Luminal B (HR+/HER2+) disease (Poverty OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.76-1.27; Age OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81-1.26). Racial/ethnic disparities among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women persisted across HR+/HER2- cases compared to non-Hispanic white women. Our findings suggest that while race/ethnicity and SES are correlated, each plays an independent role in contributing to disease among Luminal A tumors. Further study is needed to investigate how tumor biology, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic disparities among HR+/HER2- cases may contribute to poorer patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- Population Studies and Disparities ProgramBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichigan
| | - Julie J. Ruterbusch
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Manohar Ratnam
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichigan
| | - David H. Gorski
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichigan
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of SurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Michele L. Cote
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- Population Studies and Disparities ProgramBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichigan
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Over-treatment in metastatic breast cancer. Breast 2016; 31:309-317. [PMID: 27453572 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease and the main goals of treatment are prolongation of survival and preservation/improvement of quality of life. Thus the main philosophy of treatment should be to use the least toxic methods, as long as they provide sufficient disease control. In ER-positive tumours this can be in many cases achieved by endocrine therapy; in HER2-positive cancers efficacy of backbone therapy can be enhanced by an anti-HER2 agent. In patients requiring chemotherapy, consecutive single agent regimen provide disease control of a duration at least comparable to multidrug regimen, at a cost of significantly lower toxicity and are a preferred strategy in the majority of cases. Available data demonstrate, however, that aggressive chemotherapy is still overused in many metastatic breast cancer patients. The objective of this manuscript is to critically review available data on treatment choices and sequence in metastatic breast cancer across all breast cancer subtypes in relation to possible overtreatment, including therapies which are not recommended by current guidelines or not even approved. Our aim is to provide guidance on applying these data to clinical practice, but also to describe various, often non-scientific factors influencing therapeutic decisions in an aim to identify areas requiring educational and possibly political actions.
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Impacts of smoking on endocrine treatment response in a prospective breast cancer cohort. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:382-90. [PMID: 27280635 PMCID: PMC4973149 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between smoking and breast cancer prognosis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preoperative smoking was associated with prognosis in different treatment groups. METHODS This population-based cohort consisted of 1065 breast cancer patients without preoperative treatment included between 2002 and 2012 in Lund, Sweden. Smoking status was examined in relation to patient and tumour characteristics, and prognosis in different treatment groups. RESULTS At the preoperative visit, 21.0% smoked. Median follow-up time was 5.1 years. Overall, in the 1016 patients included in the survival analyses, there was no significant association between smoking and risk of breast cancer events (adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR): 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-2.20). For the 309 aromatase inhibitor (AI)-treated patients ⩾50 years with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumours, smoking was associated with risk of breast cancer events (adjHR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.44-6.13), distant metastasis (adjHR: 4.19; 95% CI: 1.81-9.72), and death (adjHR: 3.52; 95% CI: 1.59-7.81). Smoking was not associated with breast cancer events or distant metastasis in other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative smoking was only associated with an increased risk for breast cancer events and distant metastasis in AI-treated patients. If confirmed, smoking status should be taken into consideration when selecting an endocrine therapy.
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Effects of lifelong exercise training on mammary tumorigenesis induced by MNU in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:151-160. [PMID: 27094311 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Several studies have suggested that exercise training may decrease the risk of breast cancer development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exercise training on mammary tumorigenesis in an animal model of mammary cancer. Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: MNU sedentary, MNU exercised, control sedentary and control exercised. Animals from MNU groups received an intraperitoneal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Animals were exercised on a treadmill during 35 weeks. When animals were killed, blood samples were collected to determine the hematocrit and to perform the biochemical analysis. Mammary tumors were collected and histologically evaluated; the expression of ERs α and β was evaluated in tumor sections by immunohistochemistry. All survived animals from both MNU groups developed mammary tumors. The number of mammary tumors (p > 0.05) and lesions (p = 0.056) was lower in MNU exercised than in MNU sedentary animals. MNU exercised animals showed lower number of malignant lesions than MNU sedentary animals (p = 0.020). C-reactive protein serum concentration was lower in exercised animals; however, the levels of 17-β estradiol were higher in exercised animals. Tumors from exercised animals exhibited higher expression of ER α than tumors from sedentary animals (p < 0.05). This study analyzes the impact of the longest exercise training protocol on mammary tumorigenesis ever performed. We concluded that the lifelong endurance training has beneficial effects on mammary tumorigenesis in female rats (reduced the inflammation, the number of mammary tumors and lesions, and histological grade of malignancy). Additionally, the mammary tumors from MNU exercised group exhibited higher immunoexpression of ER α that is an indicator of well-differentiated tumors and better response to hormone therapy.
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Kristiansen VM, Peña L, Díez Córdova L, Illera JC, Skjerve E, Breen AM, Cofone MA, Langeland M, Teige J, Goldschmidt M, Sørenmo KU. Effect of Ovariohysterectomy at the Time of Tumor Removal in Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:230-41. [PMID: 26687731 PMCID: PMC4913665 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian hormones play crucial roles in mammary carcinogenesis. However, whether ovarian ablation by ovariohysterectomy (OHE) improves the prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas is unclear. Objectives Determine if OHE at the time of mastectomy improves the prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas and evaluate if hormonal factors influence the effect of OHE. Animals Sixty intact dogs with mammary carcinomas. Methods Dogs were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to undergo OHE (n = 31) or not (n = 29) at the time of tumor removal. Peri‐surgical serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone concentrations were measured, tumor diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor status was immunohistochemically determined. The dogs were monitored for recurrence and metastases every 3‐4 months for at least 2 years. Uni‐ and multivariable survival analyses were performed with relapse and all‐cause death as endpoints in addition to univariable subgroup analyses. Results Overall, OHE did not significantly decrease hazard of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; P = .18) or all‐cause death (HR, 0.87; P = .64) in univariable analyses. In multivariable analysis OHE did not significantly influence the hazard of relapse (HR, 0.54; P = .12), but an interaction effect was identified between ER status and E2 (P = .037). Subgroup analysis identified decreased hazard of relapse in the OHE group compared to the non‐OHE group in the subsets of dogs with increased E2 (HR, 0.22; P = .012) or grade 2 tumors (HR, 0.26; P = .02). Conclusion Dogs with grade 2, ER‐positive tumors, or with increased peri‐surgical serum E2 concentration represent a subset of dogs with mammary carcinomas likely to benefit from OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Kristiansen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Peña
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Díez Córdova
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Illera
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Skjerve
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Breen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - M A Cofone
- Veterinary Specialty Center of Delaware, New Castle, DE, USA
| | - M Langeland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Teige
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Goldschmidt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K U Sørenmo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Gama A, Ginja M. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea as a mammary carcinogenic agent. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9095-117. [PMID: 26386719 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of chemical carcinogens is one of the most commonly used methods to induce tumors in several organs in laboratory animals in order to study oncologic diseases of humans. The carcinogen agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is the oldest member of the nitroso compounds that has the ability to alkylate DNA. MNU is classified as a complete, potent, and direct alkylating compound. Depending on the animals' species and strain, dose, route, and age at the administration, MNU may induce tumors' development in several organs. The aim of this manuscript was to review MNU as a carcinogenic agent, taking into account that this carcinogen agent has been frequently used in experimental protocols to study the carcinogenesis in several tissues, namely breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, small intestine, colon, hematopoietic system, lung, skin, retina, and urinary bladder. In this paper, we also reviewed the experimental conditions to the chemical induction of tumors in different organs with this carcinogen agent, with a special emphasis in the mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal. .,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Agrifood (QOPNA), Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
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Vettuparambil A, Chirukandath R, Culas TB, Vijayan SM, Rajan G, Kuttappan SV. Hormone-receptor expression and survival patterns in operated cases of female invasive ductal breast carcinoma in Kerala: a retrospective cohort study. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:160. [PMID: 25899789 PMCID: PMC4409702 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Kerala, India, epidemiological data on breast cancer in the state is largely lacking. The objectives of this study were to analyze the survival pattern of female breast carcinoma in this region of the country and to compare the differences in survival with different hormone-receptor expressions. Methods One hundred eighty-nine female breast cancer patients who were operated between 1 August 2008 and 3 July 2009 were followed up over telephone to obtain data on five-year survival. Grade, stage of the disease, and hormone-receptor (HR) status were obtained from treatment records. Logistic regression and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The mean age of the study population was 49.07 (SD, 10.35) years. A majority of the patients had estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR) + tumors (n = 103, 54.5%), followed by 72 (38.1%) ER−/PR−, 10 (5.3%) ER−/PR+, and 4 (2.1%) ER+/PR−. Stage of the disease, axillary nodal status, and hormone-receptor status showed statistically significant association with overall survival in breast cancer. Overall survival rate at the end of 5 years was 71.4%. Mortality was found to be highest for the ER − PR − group (47.2%). Conclusions Women in Kerala are diagnosed with breast carcinoma at a relatively younger age, yet the overall five-year survival for the disease is low when compared to developed nations. It is imperative that comprehensive breast cancer screening and treatment strategies be developed to enable earlier diagnosis and improve the survival of breast cancer in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Vettuparambil
- Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, 680596, India.
| | - Ravindran Chirukandath
- Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, 680596, India.
| | - Terence B Culas
- Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, 680596, India.
| | | | - Gautham Rajan
- Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, 680596, India.
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Cunningham JJ, Brown JS, Vincent TL, Gatenby RA. Divergent and convergent evolution in metastases suggest treatment strategies based on specific metastatic sites. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:76-87. [PMID: 25794501 PMCID: PMC4404930 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells, although maximally fit at their primary site, typically have lower fitness on the adaptive landscapes offered by the metastatic sites due to organ-specific variations in mesenchymal properties and signaling pathways. Clinically evident metastases will exhibit time-dependent divergence from the phenotypic mean of the primary population as the tumor cells evolve and adapt to their new circumstances. In contrast, tumors from different primary sites evolving on identical metastatic adaptive landscapes exhibit phenotypic convergence so that, for example, metastases in the liver from different primary tumors will evolve toward similar adaptive phenotypes. The combination of evolutionary divergence from the primary cancer phenotype and convergence towards similar adaptive strategies in the same tissue cause significant variations in treatment responses particularly for highly targeted therapies. This suggest that optimal therapies for disseminated cancer must take into account the site(s) of metastatic growth as well as the primary organ. Background and objective: Systemic therapy for metastatic cancer is currently determined exclusively by the site of tumor origin. Yet, there is increasing evidence that the molecular characteristics of metastases significantly differ from the primary tumor. We define the evolutionary dynamics of metastases that govern this molecular divergence and examine their potential contribution to variations in response to targeted therapies. Methodology: Darwinian interactions of transformed cells with the tissue microenvironments at primary and metastatic sites are analyzed using evolutionary game theory. Computational models simulate responses to targeted therapies in different organs within the same patient. Results: Tumor cells, although maximally fit at their primary site, typically have lower fitness on the adaptive landscapes offered by the metastatic sites due to organ-specific variations in mesenchymal properties and signaling pathways. Clinically evident metastases usually exhibit time-dependent divergence from the phenotypic mean of the primary population as the tumor cells evolve and adapt to their new circumstances. In contrast, tumors from different primary sites evolving on identical metastatic adaptive landscapes exhibit phenotypic convergence. Thus, metastases in the liver from different primary tumors and even in different hosts will evolve toward similar adaptive phenotypes. The combination of evolutionary divergence from the primary cancer phenotype and convergence towards similar adaptive strategies in the same tissue cause significant variations in treatment responses particularly for highly targeted therapies. Conclusion and implications: The results suggest that optimal therapies for disseminated cancer must take into account the site(s) of metastatic growth as well as the primary organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Cunningham
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607; Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607; Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA
| | - Thomas L Vincent
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607; Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607; Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607; Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA
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Mastoraki A, Kazani A, Mastoraki S, Konstantiadou I, Kokoropoulos P, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N. Breast-Cancer Subtyping in Clinical Practice: Clinicopathologic Features and Outcomes. J Gynecol Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2014.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mastoraki
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kazani
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Mastoraki
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Konstantiadou
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kokoropoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Smyrniotis
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, and Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 151 patients with breast cancer spinal metastases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of breast cancer subtypes on survival duration of patients with breast cancer spinal metastases, and to aid spine surgeons in selecting treatments on a more precise basis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is lack of knowledge about specific prognosis of patients with spinal metastases in various breast cancer subtypes. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) status are the key factors in determining breast cancer subtypes and predicting patients' response to adjuvant treatments. METHODS Until August 2013, we retrieved 151 surgically treated patients with breast cancer spinal metastases and followed up all the patients for at least 2 years. Survival duration analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model unadjusted and adjusted by age were used. RESULTS Patients with ER-negative (-) breast cancer had 11 months shorter median survival duration (10.6 vs. 21.5 mo) and 48% higher mortality risk (P=0.03) than those with ER-positive (+) breast cancer. Patients with PgR (-) status had 59% higher mortality risk than those with PgR (+) status (P=0.02). Hormone receptor (HR) status is a combination of ER and PgR status. Patients with HR (-) status had an 11-month shorter median survival duration and 52% higher mortality risk (P=0.01) than patients with HR (+) status. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 subtypes had similar median survival duration and mortality risk. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer had a median survival duration of only 9.9 months. CONCLUSION Patients with spinal metastases with ER/HR (-) status and triple-negative breast cancer could be downgraded from score "5" to "3" in Tokuhashi scoring system and from "slow growth" to "moderate growth" in Tomita scoring system. Spine surgeons should be critical before performing high-risk extensive surgery in patients with ER/HR (-) status, and especially, in those with triple-negative status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Rambau P, Masalu N, Jackson K, Chalya P, Serra P, Bravaccini S. Triple negative breast cancer in a poor resource setting in North-Western Tanzania: a preliminary study of 52 patients. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:399. [PMID: 24964871 PMCID: PMC4081017 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cancer worldwide. In Tanzania, though it ranks as the second leading cancer in women after cervical cancer, hormonal receptor status is not carried out routinely in patients. Adjuvant hormonal therapy is given without prior knowledge of hormonal receptors status and patients can incur unnecessary costs and side effects. This study was performed to investigate the expression of hormonal receptors, epidermal growth factor receptors (HER-2) and proliferation index of the breast cancer by Ki-67 in a few selected patients with breast cancer at referral hospital in North-Western Tanzania. The study classified breast cancer subtypes based on hormonal receptors status and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors. Results A total of 52 cases of breast cancer were investigated. Patients’ mean age at diagnosis was 49 years. The majority of the tumors was invasive ductal carcinoma 47 (90.4%) and 40 (76.9%) were of histological grade III. Thirty-eight (73.1%) of the patient had lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis and 36 (69.2%) were at clinical stage III. Only 3 (5.8%) patients were in clinical stage I. There was a tendency of a low level of expression of the receptors, whereby Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive tumors were 17 (32.7%), progesterone receptor (PR) positive tumors were 22 (42.3%), and HER-2 positive tumors were 12 (23.1%). Triple negative tumors constituted 20 (38.4%) of the patients. Most of the tumors (75%) showed high proliferation by Ki-67. Lymph node metastasis was more common in Triple Negative and HER enriched tumors. Conclusion This study showed a tendency for a low level of expression of hormonal receptors. There was a significant proportion of Triple Negative breast cancers. Routine testing for hormonal receptors in breast cancer is recommended before the initiation of adjuvant hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rambau
- Pathology Department, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Welt A, Tewes M, Aktas B, O Hoffmann O, Wiesweg M, Ting S, Reis H, Worm K, Richly H, Hense J, Palmer MR, Lee BH, Wendling J, Kossow J, Scheulen ME, Lehnerdt C, Kohl M, Derks C, Skottky S, Haus U, Schmid KW, Kimmig R, Schuler M, Kasper S. Preemptive tumor profiling for biomarker-stratified early clinical drug development in metastatic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 142:81-8. [PMID: 24122392 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker-stratified cancer pharmacotherapy was pioneered in the care of breast cancer patients. The utility of agents modulating hormone receptors, synthesis of steroid hormones, or HER2-targeting agents has been greatly enhanced by the detection of predictive biomarkers in diagnostic tumor samples. Based on deeper understanding of breast cancer biology multiple drug candidates have been developed to modulate additional molecular targets which may associate with specific biomarker profiles. Accordingly, exploratory biomarkers are increasingly incorporated in early clinical trials, thus demanding a new process of patient selection. Here, we describe the implementation of preemptive, multiplexed biomarker profiling linked to standard diagnostic algorithms for metastatic breast cancer patients treated at the West German Cancer Center. Profiling for experimental biomarkers was prospectively offered to patients with metastatic breast cancer who met generic clinical trial inclusion criteria. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were retrieved and studied for potentially “actionable” biomarkers related to active clinical trials by immunohistochemistry, amplicon sequencing, and in situ hybridization. The clinical course of those “profiled” patients was closely monitored to offer trial participation whenever applicable. Here, we report results from the first 131 patients enrolled in this program. PIK3CA mutations (23 %) and amplifications (2 %), loss of PTEN expression (13 %), and FGFR1 amplifications (8 %) were detected next to established biomarkers such as estrogen (67 %) and progesterone receptor expression (52 %), and HER2 overexpression or amplification (23 %). So far 16 “profiled” patients (12 %) have been enrolled in biomarker-stratified early clinical trials. Preemptive profiling of investigational biomarkers can be integrated into the diagnostic algorithm of a large Comprehensive Cancer Center. Extensive administrative efforts are required to successfully enroll “profiled” patients with metastatic breast cancer in early clinical trials stratified by exploratory biomarkers.
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Rizza P, Barone I, Zito D, Giordano F, Lanzino M, De Amicis F, Mauro L, Sisci D, Catalano S, Dahlman Wright K, Gustafsson JA, Andò S. Estrogen receptor beta as a novel target of androgen receptor action in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R21. [PMID: 24552459 PMCID: PMC3978907 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The two isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta play opposite roles in regulating proliferation and differentiation of breast cancers, with ER-alpha mediating mitogenic effects and ER-beta acting as a tumor suppressor. Emerging data have reported that androgen receptor (AR) activation inhibits ER-positive breast cancer progression mainly by antagonizing ER-alpha signaling. However, to date no studies have specifically evaluated a potential involvement of ER-beta in the inhibitory effects of androgens. METHODS ER-beta expression was examined in human breast cancer cell lines using real-time PCR, Western blotting and small interfering RNA (siRNA) assays. Mutagenesis studies, electromobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis were performed to assess the effects of mibolerone/AR on ER-beta promoter activity and binding. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that mibolerone, a synthetic androgen ligand, up-regulates ER-beta mRNA and protein levels in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Transient transfection experiments, using a vector containing the human ER-beta promoter region, show that mibolerone increases basal ER-beta promoter activity. Site-directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis reveal that an androgen response element (ARE), TGTTCT motif located at positions -383 and -377, is critical for mibolerone-induced ER-beta up-regulation in breast cancer cells. This occurs through an increased recruitment of AR to the ARE site within the ER-beta promoter region, along with an enhanced occupancy of RNA polymerase II. Finally, silencing of ER-beta gene expression by RNA interference is able to partially reverse the effects of mibolerone on cell proliferation, p21 and cyclin D1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which activated AR, through an up-regulation of ER-beta gene expression, inhibits breast cancer cell growth.
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Einav S, Kaufman N, Algur N, Strauss-Liviatan N, Kark JD. Brain biomarkers and management of uncertainty in predicting outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A nomogram paints a thousand words. Resuscitation 2013; 84:1083-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Paul AK, Schwab RB. Efficacy and pharmacogenomic biomarkers in breast cancer. Biomark Med 2012; 6:211-21. [PMID: 22448796 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with breast cancer, a number of biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2, are part of routine work-up and used to guide endocrine, cytotoxic and HER2-targeted treatment. Interaction among these markers may also impact on treatment response and is being investigated. Multigene assays have reached varying levels of validation and clinical use as predictive biomarkers of cytotoxic therapy in specific clinical situations. A number of pharmacogenomic biomarkers based on germline polymorphisms have reached some degree of validation for predicting variation in treatment response and treatment-associated adverse effects. The challenge of validating biomarkers will be exacerbated as the cost of nucleic acid sequencing rapidly declines and more potential biomarkers emerge. New, carefully designed approaches will be needed to address this issue and realize the potential of biomarkers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit K Paul
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Tergas AI, Buell-Gutbrod R, Gwin K, Kocherginsky M, Temkin SM, Fefferman A, Lengyel E, Yamada SD. Clinico-pathologic comparison of type II endometrial cancers based on tamoxifen exposure. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 127:316-20. [PMID: 22835717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinico-pathologic variables and protein expression of potential regulatory components in patients who develop type II endometrial cancer with and without antecedent tamoxifen. METHODS Clinico-pathologic variables were compared for all surgically staged patients (2000-2008) with grade 3 endometrioid, papillary serous, clear cell, and carcinosarcoma of the uterus based on tamoxifen exposure [Tam (+) vs. Tam (-)]. Overall survival was analyzed using a multivariable Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Protein expression of ERα, PR, mTOR, p-mTOR, IGF-1R, EGFR, VEGF and HER-2/neu was compared by immunohistochemistry using a semiquantitative scoring system. RESULTS Of 115 patients with high grade endometrial cancers, 15 received tamoxifen. These patients were older at diagnosis than Tam (-) patients. A higher percentage of Tam (+) patients had carcinosarcoma compared to Tam (-) patients (60% vs. 30%, P=0.038). Overall survival for Tam (+) patients was shorter than Tam (-) patients (16.6 vs. 32.2 months, P=0.004). The hazard ratio for death for Tam (+) patients was 2.53 (P=0.014), controlling for age and stage. Intensity and extent of staining were similar for ERα, PR, VEGF, EGFR, p-mTOR and HER-2/neu. The average expression score for IGF-1R and mTOR in the Tam (+) group was significantly higher than the Tam (-) group: 10.3 vs 7.0, P=0.001 and 6.0 vs 3.1, P=0.029, respectively. CONCLUSION There are differences in the biology of type II endometrial cancers that develop in women with prior tamoxifen exposure. Tamoxifen associated cancers show higher expression of IGF-1R and mTOR, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Tergas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, USA
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Bilal E, Vassallo K, Toppmeyer D, Barnard N, Rye IH, Almendro V, Russnes H, Børresen-Dale AL, Levine AJ, Bhanot G, Ganesan S. Amplified loci on chromosomes 8 and 17 predict early relapse in ER-positive breast cancers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38575. [PMID: 22719901 PMCID: PMC3374812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant hormonal therapy is administered to all early stage ER+ breast cancers, and has led to significantly improved survival. Unfortunately, a subset of ER+ breast cancers suffer early relapse despite hormonal therapy. To identify molecular markers associated with early relapse in ER+ breast cancer, an outlier analysis method was applied to a published gene expression dataset of 268 ER+ early-stage breast cancers treated with tamoxifen alone. Increased expression of sets of genes that clustered in chromosomal locations consistent with the presence of amplicons at 8q24.3, 8p11.2, 17q12 (HER2 locus) and 17q21.33-q25.1 were each found to be independent markers for early disease recurrence. Distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) after 10 years for cases with any amplicon (DMFS = 56.1%, 95% CI = 48.3–63.9%) was significantly lower (P = 0.0016) than cases without any of the amplicons (DMFS = 87%, 95% CI = 76.3% –97.7%). The association between presence of chromosomal amplifications in these regions and poor outcome in ER+ breast cancers was independent of histologic grade and was confirmed in independent clinical datasets. A separate validation using a FISH-based assay to detect the amplicons at 8q24.3, 8p11.2, and 17q21.33-q25.1 in a set of 36 early stage ER+/HER2- breast cancers treated with tamoxifen suggests that the presence of these amplicons are indeed predictive of early recurrence. We conclude that these amplicons may serve as prognostic markers of early relapse in ER+ breast cancer, and may identify novel therapeutic targets for poor prognosis ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Bilal
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kristen Vassallo
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Deborah Toppmeyer
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nicola Barnard
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Inga H. Rye
- Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Almendro
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hege Russnes
- Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnold J. Levine
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Gyan Bhanot
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GB); (SG)
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GB); (SG)
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Montero AJ, Eapen S, Gorin B, Adler P. The economic burden of metastatic breast cancer: a U.S. managed care perspective. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:815-22. [PMID: 22684273 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to quantify the economic burden and identify drivers of direct costs of mBC. In a retrospective study of a de-identified administrative claims database of privately insured patients, women between 18 and 64 years of age were included if they had at least one claim with a diagnosis of breast cancer and subsequently one or more claims with a diagnosis of secondary malignancy between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2009. The study sample was further classified into the following subgroups: (1) Endocrine therapy, (2) HER-2 targeted therapy, (3) Concomitant HER-2 targeted and endocrine therapy, (4) Cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (5) No-systemic therapy. Costs for medical resource utilization were calculated on a per patient per month (PPPM) basis. A total of 7,698 mBC patients were identified from 2003 to 2009 with an average age at index of ~52 years, and average follow up of 2.2 years. The average total direct medical costs for 7,698 mBC patients were $9,788 PPPM. Outpatient costs accounted for the majority of overall PPPM costs. Examining the five different mBC therapeutic subgroups revealed that patients who received no-systemic therapy had the highest costs at $13,926 PPPM, while patients who received systemic endocrine therapy had the lowest costs at $5,303 PPPM. This study demonstrated that mBC is associated with substantial healthcare costs in a non-Medicare patient population. Assuming average PPPM costs of $9,788 and an average life expectancy of 2.2 years, the total average expenditure to treat mBC would be ~$250,000 per patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Montero
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1475 N.W. 12th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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