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Cataldo D, Aravena G, Escobar A, Tapia JC, Peralta OA, Torres CG. Effect of Melatonin on Chemoresistance Exhibited by Spheres Derived from Canine Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1229. [PMID: 38672378 PMCID: PMC11047318 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a frequent disease in female dogs, where a high proportion of cases correspond to malignant tumors that may exhibit drug resistance. Within the mammary tumor microenvironment, there is a cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are capable of forming spheres in vitro and resisting anti-tumor treatments, partly explaining the recurrence of some tumors. Previously, it has been described that spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells CF41.Mg and REM 134 exhibit stemness characteristics. Melatonin has shown anti-tumor effects on mammary tumor cells; however, its effects have been poorly evaluated in canine mammary CSCs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of melatonin on the chemoresistance exhibited by stem-like neoplastic cells derived from canine mammary carcinoma to cytotoxic drugs such as doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. CF41.Mg and REM 134 cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum and L-glutamine. The spheres were cultured in ultra-low attachment plates in DMEM/F12 medium without fetal bovine serum and with different growth factors. The CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. The viability of sphere-derived cells (MTS reduction) was studied in the presence of melatonin (0.1 or 1 mM), doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and luzindole. In addition, the gene (RT-qPCR) of the multidrug resistance bombs MDR1 and ABCG2 were analyzed in the presence of melatonin. Both cell types expressed the MT1 gene, which encodes the melatonin receptor MT1. Melatonin 1 mM does not modify the CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype; however, the hormone reduced viability (p < 0.0001) only in CF41.Mg spheres, without inducing an additive effect when co-incubated with cytotoxic drugs. These effects were independent of the binding of the hormone to its receptor MT1, since, by pharmacologically inhibiting them, the effect of melatonin was not blocked. In CF41.Mg spheres, the relative gene expression of ABCG2 and MDR1 was decreased in response to the hormone (p < 0.001). These results indicate that melatonin negatively modulates the cell survival of spheres derived from CF41.Mg cells, in a way that is independent of its MT1 receptor. These effects did not counteract the resistance to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, even though the hormone negatively regulates the gene expression of MDR1 and ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Cataldo
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Guillermo Aravena
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dental Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Julio C. Tapia
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Oscar A. Peralta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820435, Chile;
| | - Cristian G. Torres
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
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Jianpraphat N, Supsavhad W, Ngernmeesri P, Siripattarapravat K, Soontararak S, Akrimajirachoote N, Phaochoosak N, Jermnak U. A New Benzo[6,7]oxepino[3,2-b] Pyridine Derivative Induces Apoptosis in Canine Mammary Cancer Cell Lines. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38338029 PMCID: PMC10854894 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CMC is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of death in non-spayed female dogs. Exploring novel therapeutic agents is necessary to increase the survival rate of dogs with CMC. MPOBA is a BZOP derivative that has a significant anticancer effect in a human cell line. The main goal of this study was to investigate the anticancer properties of MPOBA against two CMC cell lines (REM134 and CMGT071020) using a 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a wound healing assay, a transwell migration assay, an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay with a flow cytometry analysis, a mRNA expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and an immunohistochemistry (IHC). According to the accumulated studies, MPOBA caused significant concentration- and time-dependent reductions in cell proliferation and cell migration and induced apoptosis in both CMC cell lines. In gene expression analysis, nine canine genes, including TP53, BCL-2, BAX, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), snail transcription factor (SNAIL), snail-related zinc-finger transcription factor (SLUG), TWIST, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin, were investigated. The mRNA expression results revealed that MPOBA induced upregulation of TP53 and overexpression of the pro-apoptotic gene BAX, together with an inhibition of BCL-2. Moreover, MPOBA also suppressed the mRNA expression levels of SNAIL, EGFR, and N-cadherin and induced upregulation of E-cadherin, crucial genes related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, there was no significant difference in the IHC results of the expression patterns of vimentin (VT) and cytokeratin (CK) between MPOBA-treated and control CMC cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that MPOBA exhibited significant anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis in both CMCs via upregulation of TP53 and BAX and downregulation of BCL-2 relative mRNA expression. MPOBA may prove to be a potential candidate drug to be further investigated as a therapeutic agent for CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natamon Jianpraphat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (N.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (W.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Paiboon Ngernmeesri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Kannika Siripattarapravat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (W.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Sirikul Soontararak
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | | | - Napasorn Phaochoosak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (N.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Usuma Jermnak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (N.J.); (N.P.)
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Vazquez E, Lipovka Y, Cervantes-Arias A, Garibay-Escobar A, Haby MM, Queiroga FL, Velazquez C. Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3147. [PMID: 37835752 PMCID: PMC10571550 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia in women and non-spayed female dogs and is one of the leading causes of death in both species. Canines develop spontaneous mammary tumors that share a significant number of biological, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics with human breast cancers. This review provides a detailed description of the histological, molecular and clinical aspects of mammary cancer in canines; it discusses risk factors and currently available diagnostic and treatment options, as well as remaining challenges and unanswered questions. The incidence of mammary tumors is highly variable and is impacted by biological, pathological, cultural and socioeconomic factors, including hormonal status, breed, advanced age, obesity and diet. Diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology, although several efforts have been made to establish a molecular classification of canine mammary tumors to widen the spectrum of treatment options, which today rely heavily on surgical removal of tumors. Lastly, standardization of clinical study protocols, development of canine-specific biological tools, establishment of adequate dog-specific disease biomarkers and identification of targets for the development of new therapies that could improve survival and have less adverse effects than chemotherapy are among the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.V.); (Y.L.); (A.G.-E.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yulia Lipovka
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.V.); (Y.L.); (A.G.-E.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Alejandro Cervantes-Arias
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, The National University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Investigación Científica 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04360, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Garibay-Escobar
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.V.); (Y.L.); (A.G.-E.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Michelle M. Haby
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.V.); (Y.L.); (A.G.-E.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.V.); (Y.L.); (A.G.-E.); (M.M.H.)
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Mansour MA, Rahman M, Ayad AA, Warrington AE, Burns TC. P21 Overexpression Promotes Cell Death and Induces Senescence in Human Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1279. [PMID: 36831620 PMCID: PMC9954583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are the most common and aggressive adult primary brain tumors with a median survival of only 12-15 months. Current standard therapy consists of maximal safe surgical resection followed by DNA-damaging agents, such as irradiation and chemotherapy that can delay but not prevent inevitable recurrence. Some have interpreted glioma recurrence as evidence of glioma stem cells which persist in a relatively quiescent state after irradiation and chemotherapy, before the ultimate cell cycle re-entry and glioma recurrence. Conversely, latent cancer cells with a therapy-induced senescent phenotype have been shown to escape senescence, giving rise to more aggressive stem-like tumor cells than those present in the original tumor. Therefore, approaches are needed to either eliminate or keep these glioma initiating cells in a senescent state for a longer time to prolong survival. In our current study, we demonstrate that the radiation-induced cell cycle inhibitor P21 can provide a powerful route to induce cell death in short-term explants of PDXs derived from three molecularly diverse human gliomas. Additionally, cells not killed by P21 overexpression were maintained in a stable senescent state for longer than control cells. Collectively, these data suggest that P21 activation may provide an attractive therapeutic target to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masum Rahman
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Ayad
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hernández-Suárez B, Gillespie DA, Pawlak A. DNA Damage Response (DDR) proteins in canine cancer as potential research targets in comparative oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:347-361. [PMID: 34923737 PMCID: PMC9304296 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signal transduction network that is activated when endogenous or exogenous genotoxins damage or interfere with the replication of genomic DNA. Under such conditions, the DDR promotes DNA repair and ensures accurate replication and division of the genome. High levels of genomic instability are frequently observed in cancers and can stem from germline loss‐of‐function mutations in certain DDR genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53, that form the basis of human cancer predisposition syndromes. In addition, mutation and/or aberrant expression of multiple DDR genes are frequently observed in sporadic human cancers. As a result, the DDR is considered to represent a viable target for cancer therapy in humans and a variety of strategies are under investigation. Cancer is also a significant cause of mortality in dogs, a species that offers certain advantages for experimental oncology. Domestic dogs present numerous inbred lines, many of which display predisposition to specific forms of cancer and the study of which may provide insight into the biological basis of this susceptibility. In addition, clinical trials are possible in dogs and may lead to therapeutic insights that could ultimately be extended to humans. Here we review what is known specifically about the DDR in dogs and discuss how this knowledge could be extended and exploited to advance experimental oncology in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - David A Gillespie
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38071, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
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Vigneau AL, Rico C, Boerboom D, Paquet M. Statins downregulate YAP and TAZ and exert anti-cancer effects in canine mammary tumour cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:437-448. [PMID: 34881506 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact bitches, and few chemotherapeutic options are available for highly invasive and metastatic tumours. Recent studies have shown the potential involvement of dysregulated Hippo signalling in CMT development and progression. Statins can activate the Hippo pathway by blocking protein geranylgeranylation (GGylation), resulting in decreased expression and activity of the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. In this study, we therefore sought to determine if statins could exert anti-cancer effects in CMT cells. Our results demonstrate that Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin are cytotoxic to two CMT cell lines (CMT9 and CMT47), with ED50 values ranging from 0.95 to 23.5 μM. Both statins acted to increase apoptosis and promote cell cycle arrest. Both statins also decreased YAP and TAZ expression and reduced the mRNA levels of key Hippo transcriptional target genes known to be involved in breast cancer progression and chemoresistance (CYR61, CTGF and RHAMM). Moreover, both statins effectively inhibited cell migration and anchorage independent growth, but did not influence matrix invasion. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that statins act upon the Hippo pathway in CMT cells to counteract several molecular and cellular hallmarks of cancer. These findings suggest that targeting the Hippo pathway with statins represents a novel and promising approach for the treatment canine mammary gland cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laurence Vigneau
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Deckwirth V, Rajakylä EK, Cattavarayane S, Acheva A, Schaible N, Krishnan R, Valle-Delgado JJ, Österberg M, Björkenheim P, Sukura A, Tojkander S. Cytokeratin 5 determines maturation of the mammary myoepithelium. iScience 2021; 24:102413. [PMID: 34007958 PMCID: PMC8111680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At invasion, transformed mammary epithelial cells expand into the stroma through a disrupted myoepithelial (ME) cell layer and basement membrane (BM). The intact ME cell layer has thus been suggested to act as a barrier against invasion. Here, we investigate the mechanisms behind the disruption of ME cell layer. We show that the expression of basal/ME proteins CK5, CK14, and α-SMA altered along increasing grade of malignancy, and their loss affected the maintenance of organotypic 3D mammary architecture. Furthermore, our data suggests that loss of CK5 prior to invasive stage causes decreased levels of Zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SLUG), a key regulator of the mammary epithelial cell lineage determination. Consequently, a differentiation bias toward luminal epithelial cell type was detected with loss of mature, α-SMA-expressing ME cells and reduced deposition of basement membrane protein laminin-5. Therefore, our data discloses the central role of CK5 in mammary epithelial differentiation and maintenance of normal ME layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Deckwirth
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sandhanakrishnan Cattavarayane
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anna Acheva
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Pia Björkenheim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Antti Sukura
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Torres CG, Iturriaga MP, Cruz P. Hormonal Carcinogenesis in Canine Mammary Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Estradiol Involved in Malignant Progression. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:608. [PMID: 33652604 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a frequent neoplasia in female dogs, in which most important risk factors are hormonal. Sexual hormones as estradiol play an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, being able to induce carcinogenic initiation, promotion and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Estradiol is synthesized mainly in the ovaries, nevertheless, high concentrations of estradiol and some of its hormonal precursors have also been described in malignant mammary tumor tissue. The mechanisms of action of estradiol include the classic genomic effects that modulate gene transcription, and non-genomic effects, which trigger quick effects after estradiol binds to its specific receptors. These responses modulate various intracellular signaling pathways, triggering post-translational modification of several proteins. This review will discuss the well-known underlying mechanisms associated with the action of estradiol in the malignant progression of canine mammary tumors.
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Biondi LR, Tedardi MV, Gentile LB, Chamas PPC, Dagli MLZ. Quantification of Global DNA Methylation in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors via Immunostaining of 5-Methylcytosine: Histopathological and Clinical Correlations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:628241. [PMID: 33718471 PMCID: PMC7947677 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms in non-neutered female dogs, with genetic and epigenetic alterations contributing to canine mammary carcinogenesis. This study quantified global DNA methylation in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-immunostained canine mammary tumor samples and established histopathological and clinical correlations. A total of 91 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mammary tumor samples from female dogs were retrospectively selected and subjected to immunohistochemistry using an anti-5mC mouse monoclonal antibody. We evaluated 5mC+ stained nuclei of neoplastic epithelial cells in canine mammary glands to obtain semiquantitative histoscores based on staining intensity. Survival rates were estimated based on owners' or veterinary records. Histological samples comprised 28 and 63 benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumors, respectively. Results revealed significant differences between global DNA methylation patterns when mammary samples were categorized as benign or malignant (p = 0.024), with hypomethylated patterns more prevalent in malignant tumors and those with higher relapse behavior (p = 0.011). Of note, large diameter (>5 cm) tumors revealed a lower methylation pattern (p = 0.028). Additionally, we found non-statistically significant differences when tumors were grouped by histopathological characteristics, clinical parameters, or survival. These findings propose global DNA methylation assessment as a promising tool for detecting canine mammary tumors with relapse propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Roberto Biondi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boffoni Gentile
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Costa Chamas
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Graim K, Gorenshteyn D, Robinson DG, Carriero NJ, Cahill JA, Chakrabarti R, Goldschmidt MH, Durham AC, Funk J, Storey JD, Kristensen VN, Theesfeld CL, Sorenmo KU, Troyanskaya OG. Modeling molecular development of breast cancer in canine mammary tumors. Genome Res 2021; 31:337-347. [PMID: 33361113 PMCID: PMC7849403 DOI: 10.1101/gr.256388.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the changes in diverse molecular pathways underlying the development of breast tumors is critical for improving diagnosis, treatment, and drug development. Here, we used RNA-profiling of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) coupled with a robust analysis framework to model molecular changes in human breast cancer. Our study leveraged a key advantage of the canine model, the frequent presence of multiple naturally occurring tumors at diagnosis, thus providing samples spanning normal tissue and benign and malignant tumors from each patient. We showed human breast cancer signals, at both expression and mutation level, are evident in CMTs. Profiling multiple tumors per patient enabled by the CMT model allowed us to resolve statistically robust transcription patterns and biological pathways specific to malignant tumors versus those arising in benign tumors or shared with normal tissues. We showed that multiple histological samples per patient is necessary to effectively capture these progression-related signatures, and that carcinoma-specific signatures are predictive of survival for human breast cancer patients. To catalyze and support similar analyses and use of the CMT model by other biomedical researchers, we provide FREYA, a robust data processing pipeline and statistical analyses framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Graim
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Dmitriy Gorenshteyn
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - David G Robinson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - James A Cahill
- Laboratory of the Neurogenetics of Language, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Penn Vet Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michael H Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amy C Durham
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Julien Funk
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - John D Storey
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chandra L Theesfeld
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Karin U Sorenmo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Penn Vet Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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11
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Song D, Oh YI, Kim JM, Cheon DS, Kim DY, Seo KW. Detection of neurokinin-1 receptor by immunohistochemistry in canine mammary gland tumours. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:958-964. [PMID: 32657032 PMCID: PMC7738737 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumour (cMGT) is the most common tumour in intact female dogs. Surgery is the only effective treatment for cMGT, and dogs with metastasis at the time of diagnosis or those diagnosed at an advanced stage have poorer prognosis. Thus, novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are needed. Neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1 receptor) is involved in cancer progression and has been detected in various malignant tumours including breast cancer in humans. Furthermore, NK‐1 receptor antagonists inhibit cancer progression. We evaluated NK‐1 receptor expression in malignant and benign cMGT compared with that in normal mammary gland tissues and analysed the relationship between the expression of NK‐1 receptor and histopathological type or malignancy grade. Specimens from 34 malignant MGT and 35 benign MGT cases were used for immunohistochemistry and scored according to intensity and percentage. Healthy margins from each tumour were used as internal controls. The scores for NK‐1 receptor intensity, percentage of positive cells and overall immunohistochemistry were higher in malignant MGT than in benign MGT and normal tissue (p < .000). NK‐1 receptor expression was not correlated with either malignancy grade or histopathological type. Expression of the NK‐1 receptor in malignant MGT was higher than that in benign MGT and normal tissues. Thus, NK‐1 receptor could be considered a novel therapeutic target for cMGT. Further studies using other quantitative tests such as western blotting or PCR and the evaluation of substance P in patient tumour tissue or serum are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duri Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Dae-Yong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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12
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Rogez B, Pascal Q, Bobillier A, Machuron F, Toillon RA, Tierny D, Chopin V, Le Bourhis X. Expression and Prognostic Significance of Neurotrophins and Their Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:507-519. [PMID: 32351171 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data highlight the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in human breast cancer. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), both synthetized as proneurotrophins (proNGF and proBDNF). (pro)NGF and (pro)BDNF initiate their biological effects by binding to both their specific receptors TrkA and TrkB, respectively, and the common receptor p75NTR. Currently, no data are available about their expression and potential role in canine mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of proNGF and BDNF as well as their receptors TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR in canine mammary carcinomas, and to correlate them with clinicopathological parameters (grade, histological type, lymph node status, recurrence, and distant metastasis) and survival. Immunohistochemistry was performed on serial sections of 96 canine mammary carcinomas with antibodies against proNGF, BDNF, TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR. Of the 96 carcinomas, proNGF expression was detected in 71 (74%), BDNF in 79 (82%), TrkA in 94 (98%), TrkB in 35 (37%), and p75NTR in 44 (46%). No association was observed between proNGF, BDNF, or TrkA expression and either clinicopathological parameters or survival. TrkB and p75NTR expression were associated with favorable clinicopathological parameters as well as better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rogez
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | | | | | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Valérie Chopin
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Contributed equally to this work
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Contributed equally to this work
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13
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Varallo GR, Gelaleti GB, Maschio-Signorini LB, Moschetta MG, Lopes JR, De Nardi AB, Tinucci-Costa M, Rocha RM, De Campos Zuccari DAP. Prognostic phenotypic classification for canine mammary tumors. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6545-6553. [PMID: 31807173 PMCID: PMC6876320 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary neoplasms are a heterogeneous form of disease, and in order to determine its course and biological features with more accuracy, investigations based on tumor phenotypes are required. The aim of the present study was to propose and validate a phenotypic classification for canine mammary tumors and to assess any association between clinicopathological characteristics, survival and prognosis. For the immunohistochemistry analysis, the primary antibodies against estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu and E-cadherin were used. A total of 110 canine mammary tumors were investigated; 42 tumors were classified as luminal A, 41 as luminal B, 17 as triple-negative and 10 as HER-2-positive. The luminal A and B phenotypes were associated with improved prognosis, whereas HER-2positive and triple-negative tumors were more aggressive, and exhibited a significant association with the occurrence of metastasis, a worse Tumor-Node-Metastasis classification and shorter survival time (P<0.05). In addition, there were different levels of E-cadherin expression intensity observed among the four tumor profiles investigated. Luminal A and B phenotypes presented an upregulation of E-cadherin compared with the HER-2 positive and triple-negative phenotypes (P<0.05). From the results of the present study, the proposed immunohistochemical panel and phenotypic classification techniques could be useful diagnostic tools with a good technical applicability in veterinary oncology. The analysis of E-cadherin expression in the panel of tumor markers allowed a more accurate classification for determining the biological features of the mammary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rossi Varallo
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio-Signorini
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Lopes
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Andrigo Barboza De Nardi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Malagoli Rocha
- International Research Center-A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires De Campos Zuccari
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
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14
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Varallo GR, Jardim-Perassi BV, Alexandre PA, Fukumasu H, Zuccari DAPC. Global gene expression profile in canine mammary carcinomas. Vet J 2019; 254:105393. [PMID: 31836163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases. Genetic studies make it possible to determine genetic profiles and identify new molecular markers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the gene expression profile of canine mammary carcinomas and identify potential prognostic markers. Twelve mammary cancer samples from bitches were collected for the evaluation of global gene expression. Microarray assays were performed using commercial kits. Statistical analysis of the microarray was done using moderate t-statistic and adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg procedure. Differential connectivity analysis was also performed. Enrichment analyses were conducted using WebGestalt. P-values were calculated using hypergeometric statistics and adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg procedure. The HYAL-1 gene was validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). There were 878 upregulated genes and 821 downregulated genes in the neoplasms studied. Enrichment analysis (individual analysis) identified the HYAL-1 gene as a potential marker of tumorigenesis and tumor recurrence. Differential connectivity analysis demonstrated 262 differentially connected genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Varallo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Surgery, UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - B V Jardim-Perassi
- Department of Molecular Biology, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090000, Brazil
| | - P A Alexandre
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA-USP, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - H Fukumasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA-USP, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - D A P C Zuccari
- Department of Molecular Biology, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto 15090000, Brazil.
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15
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Canadas-Sousa A, Santos M, Medeiros R, Dias-Pereira P. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Influence Histological Type and Grade of Canine Malignant Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2019; 172:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Canadas A, Santos M, Medeiros R, Dias-Pereira P. Influence of E-cadherin genetic variation in canine mammary tumour risk, clinicopathological features and prognosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:489-496. [PMID: 31100200 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that participates in several cellular processes that guarantee the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of epithelial tissues. E-cadherin plays an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, and various studies have demonstrated the effect of CDH1 genetic variation in risk, progression and biological behaviour of human breast cancer. Although there are some recognized genetic variations in canine CDH1 gene, their influence in canine mammary tumour development and progression has not been previously evaluated. In this study, we aim to assess the influence of CDH1 SNPs rs850805755, rs852280880 and rs852639930 in the risk, clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of canine mammary tumours. A case-control study was conducted involving 206 bitches with mammary tumours and 161 bitches free of mammary neoplasia. CDH1 SNPs rs850805755 and rs852280880 were associated with a decreased risk and a later onset of mammary tumour development. Furthermore, these SNPs were related to the development of small size carcinomas, of low histological grade and low nuclear pleomorphism. SNP rs852639930 was associated with the development of small size tumours with a non-infiltrative, non-invasive growth pattern. Data from the present investigation demonstrate that these CDH1 genetic variants could have a protective role in canine mammary tumours, by being associated with low risk of tumour development, delayed onset of the disease and less aggressive clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Canadas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Santos
- Department of Microscopy, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,LPCC, Research Department-Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPCC-NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Chiu YH, Lei HJ, Huang KC, Chiang YL, Lin CS. Overexpression of Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Correlates with Cancer Malignancy and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. J Oncol 2019; 2019:6201764. [PMID: 31186637 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6201764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are developed to indicate tumor status, clinical outcome, or prognosis. Since currently there are no effective biomarkers for canine mammary tumor (CMT), this study intended to verify whether kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), one of the key enzymes involved in tryptophan catabolism, is competent for predicting prognosis in patients with CMT. By investigating a series of 86 CMT clinical cases, we found that both gene and protein expression of KMO discriminated malignant from benign CMTs and was significantly higher in stage IV and V tumors than in lower-stage CMTs. About 73.7% of malignant CMTs showed strong expression of KMO which correlated with lower overall survival rates in patients. Further, downregulation of KMO activity significantly inhibited cell proliferation of CMT cells. Taken together, the findings indicated that KMO is a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis, and this might open up new perspectives for clinical applications of CMT.
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18
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Marconato L, Facchinetti A, Zanardello C, Rossi E, Vidotto R, Capello K, Melchiotti E, Laganga P, Zamarchi R, Vascellari M. Detection and Prognostic Relevance of Circulating and Disseminated Tumour Cell in Dogs with Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E163. [PMID: 30717110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In human breast cancer, both circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow are predictive of short survival and may be used as liquid biopsy to guide therapy. Herein we investigate, for the first time, the feasibility to quantify CTCs and DTCs in canine metastatic mammary carcinoma (MMC) with the automated CellSearch platform, which identifies tumour cells by immune-magnetic enrichment and fluorescent labelling. Using this approach before start of treatment, we could detect at least 1 CTC per 7.5 mL of peripheral blood in 12 out of 27 evaluable samples (44.4%) and at least 1 DTC per 1 mL of bone marrow in 11 out of 14 evaluable samples (78.6%). Conversely, we did not find any CTCs in the healthy, negative control dogs (n = 5) that we analysed in parallel. Interestingly, the levels of CTCs/DTCs and the prevalence of positive dogs closely resemble results obtained by CellSearch assay in metastatic breast cancer patients at diagnosis. Moreover, in the canine cohort, the presence of CTCs was significantly associated with poor outcome. These observations identify the first actionable marker in veterinarian oncology to guide treatment of canine MMC. Furthermore, our findings have important implications for human research, since it reinforce the value of canine MMC as model useful to speed up pharmacological studies with primary endpoint of overall survival, given the reduced life-span of the canine species.
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19
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Wu CC, Chang SC, Zeng GY, Chu HW, Huang Y, Liu HP. Proteome Analyses Reveal Positive Association of COL2A1, MPO, TYMS, and IGFBP5 with Canine Mammary Gland Malignancy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800151. [PMID: 30578659 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify aberrantly expressed proteins contributing to pathogenesis of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) which are the most prevalent neoplasms in female dogs and include different types. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Frozen tissue specimens of normal mammary gland (n = 7), lobular hyperplasia (n = 6), simple carcinoma (n = 6), and complex carcinoma (n = 6) are collected from 11 CMT cases. Tissue homogenates are comparatively analyzed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) combined with LC-MS/MS to identify proteins differentially expressed in different-type CMT tissues. RESULTS Among 3795 proteins identified and quantified among all groups, 133, 127, and 98 proteins are particularly overexpressed in simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma, and both types, respectively, compared with normal and hyperplastic tissues. Moreover, collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A), myeloperoxidase (MPO), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) are validated to be highly expressed in different-type CMT tissues using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Notably, COL2A1 and IGFBP5 levels are correlated with clinical stages. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE COL2A1, MPO, TYMS, and IGFBP5 protein levels are positively associated with CMT development. Data expedite further investigations to improve treatment regimens for CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan.,Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250-1, Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Guang-You Zeng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
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20
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Hussain S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Singh RJ, Kumar A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Tiwari AK, Singh RK. Gene expression profiling of spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours: Insight into gene networks and pathways linked to cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208656. [PMID: 30517191 PMCID: PMC6281268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms of unspayed female dogs leading to thrice higher mortality rates than human breast cancer. These are also attractive models for human breast cancer studies owing to clinical and molecular similarities. Thus, they are important candidates for biomarker studies and understanding cancer pathobiology. The study was designed to explore underlying molecular networks and pathways in CMTs for deciphering new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. To gain an insight into various pathways and networks associated with the development and pathogenesis of CMTs, comparative cDNA microarray expression profiling was performed using CMT tissues and healthy mammary gland tissues. Upon analysis, 1700 and 1287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P ≤ 0.05) were identified in malignant and benign tissues, respectively. DEGs identified from microarray analysis were further annotated using the Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool for detection of deregulated canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and networks associated with malignant, as well as, benign disease. Top scoring key networks in benign and malignant mammary tumours were having central nodes of VEGF and BUB1B, respectively. Cyclins & cell cycle regulation and TREM1 signalling were amongst the top activated canonical pathways in CMTs. Other cancer related significant pathways like apoptosis signalling, dendritic cell maturation, DNA recombination and repair, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, etc. were also found to be altered. Furthermore, seven proteins (ANXA2, APOCII, CDK6, GATC, GDI2, GNAQ and MYH9) highly up-regulated in malignant tissues were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF PMF studies which were in concordance with microarray data. Thus, the study has uncovered ample number of candidate genes associated with CMTs which need to be further validated as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajkumar James Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
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21
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Kaszak I, Ruszczak A, Kanafa S, Kacprzak K, Król M, Jurka P. Current biomarkers of canine mammary tumors. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:66. [PMID: 30373614 PMCID: PMC6206704 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the second most common neoplasia in dogs. Due to the high similarity of canine mammary tumors (CMT) to human breast cancers (HBC), human biomarkers of HBC are also detectable in cases of CMT. The evaluation of biomarkers enables clinical diagnoses, treatment options and prognosis for bitches suffering from this disease. The aim of this article is to give a short summary of the biomarkers of CMT based on current literature. Very promising biomarkers are miRNAs, cancer stem cells, and circulating tumor cells, as well as mutations of the breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2). Until now, the most studied and reliable biomarkers of CMT have remained antigen Ki-67 (Ki-67), endothelial growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-2), which can be detected in both serum and tissue samples using different molecular methods. However, carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), while poorly studied, seem to be good biomarkers, especially for the early detection and prognosis of CMT. We will also mention the following: proliferative cell nuclear antigen, tumor protein p53 (p53), E-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor, microRNAs, cancer stem cells and circulating tumor cells, which can also be useful biomarkers. Although many studies have been conducted so far, the estimation of biomarkers in cases of CMT is still not a common practice, and more detailed research should be done.
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22
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Canadas A, Santos M, Pinto R, Medeiros R, Dias-Pereira P. Catechol-o-methyltransferase genotypes are associated with progression and biological behaviour of canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:664-669. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Canadas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Marta Santos
- Department of Microscopy, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group; IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto); Porto Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group; IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto); Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre; University Fernando Pessoa; Porto Portugal
- LPCC, Research Department; Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC-NRN); Porto Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
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Rico C, Boerboom D, Paquet M. Expression of the Hippo signalling effectors YAP and TAZ in canine mammary gland hyperplasia and malignant transformation of mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:630-635. [PMID: 30117264 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are common neoplasms in dogs that feature many of the clinical, genetic and molecular characteristics of human breast cancer. Despite their high metastatic potential, few adjuvant chemotherapeutic treatment options exist for malignant CMTs, and the development of novel, targeted pharmacological approaches will require a better understanding of their pathogenesis. As recent evidence suggests that dysregulated Hippo signalling is involved in the development and progression of breast cancer, we sought to determine if this pathway could also play a role in CMT. The expression of the Hippo signalling effectors YAP and TAZ was analysed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in samples including normal mammary gland, lobular hyperplasia, benign tumours and malignant tumours of all grades. We found a significant increase in TAZ (but not YAP) expression occurred in lobular hyperplasia relative to normal mammary gland, suggesting a role for TAZ in non-neoplastic epithelial proliferation. Nuclear expression of both TAZ and YAP were significantly higher in malignant tumours than in benign ones, suggesting that Hippo dysregulation could play a role in CMT malignant transformation. No differences in YAP or TAZ expression were detected between grades of malignant tumours. Together, our results indicate that alterations in Hippo signalling may play a role in the pathogenesis of CMT, in a manner similar to breast cancer. Hippo pathway components may therefore represent targets for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents that could be useful for the treatment of both the human and canine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Guillemette S, Rico C, Godin P, Boerboom D, Paquet M. In Vitro Validation of the Hippo Pathway as a Pharmacological Target for Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:203-214. [PMID: 28822004 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Some clinical and molecular similarities between certain CMT subtypes and breast cancer make them a potential model for the study of the human disease. As misregulated Hippo signaling is thought to play an important role in breast cancer development and also occurs in CMTs, we sought to determine if Hippo represents a valid pharmacological target for the treatment of CMTs. Six CMT cell lines were assessed for their expression of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and for their sensitivity to verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP-mediated transcriptional coactivation. Four cell lines that expressed YAP (CMT-9, -12, -28, -47) were found to be very sensitive to verteporfin treatment, which killed the cells through induction of apoptosis with ED50 values of 14-79 nM. Conversely, two YAP-negative cell lines (CF-35, CMT-25) were an order of magnitude more resistant to verteporfin. Verteporfin suppressed the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes, particularly CYR61 and CTGF, which play important roles in breast cancer development. Verteporfin was also able to inhibit cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Likewise, verteporfin efficiently suppressed tumor cell invasiveness in the CMT-28 and -47 lines, but not in CF-35 cells. Together, our findings provide proof of principle that pharmacological targeting of the Hippo pathway compromises the viability and attenuates the malignant behavior of CMT cells. These results will serve as the basis for the development of novel chemotherapeutic approaches for CMTs that could translate to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Guillemette
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Godin
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
Omics techniques have been widely applied to veterinary science, although mostly on farm animal productions and infectious diseases. In canine oncology, on the contrary, the use of omics methodologies is still far behind. This review presents the most recent achievement in the application of postgenomic techniques, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to canine cancer research. The protocols to recover material suitable for omics analyses from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues are presented, and omics applications for biomarker discovery and their potential for cancer diagnostics in veterinary medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 02, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - P Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 02, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - C Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 02, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - C Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 02, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Burrai GP, Tanca A, Cubeddu T, Abbondio M, Polinas M, Addis MF, Antuofermo E. A first immunohistochemistry study of transketolase and transketolase-like 1 expression in canine hyperplastic and neoplastic mammary lesions. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:38. [PMID: 28143530 PMCID: PMC5282725 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine mammary tumors represent the most common neoplasm in female dogs, and the discovery of cancer biomarkers and their translation to clinical relevant assays is a key requirement in the war on cancer. Since the description of the ‘Warburg effect’, the reprogramming of metabolic pathways is considered a hallmark of pathological changes in cancer cells. In this study, we investigate the expression of two cancer-related metabolic enzymes, transketolase (TKT) and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), an alternative metabolic pathway for glucose breakdown that could promote cancer by providing the precursors and energy required for rapidly growing cells. Results TKT and TKTL1 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in canine normal (N = 6) and hyperplastic glands (N = 3), as well as in benign (N = 11) and malignant mammary tumors (N = 17). TKT expression was higher in hyperplastic lesions and in both benign and malignant tumors compared to the normal mammary gland, while TKTL1 levels were remarkably higher in hyperplastic lesions, simple adenomas and simple carcinomas than in the normal mammary glands (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study reveals that the expression of a key PPP enzyme varies along the evolution of canine mammary neoplastic lesions, and supports a role of metabolic changes in the development of canine mammary tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0961-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tanca
- Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc, 07041, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Abbondio
- Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc, 07041, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc, 07041, Tramariglio, Alghero, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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27
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Hadzijusufovic E, Willmann M. Comparing Human Breast Cancer with Canine Mammary Cancer. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dolka I, Król M, Sapierzyński R. Evaluation of apoptosis-associated protein (Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and p53) expression in canine mammary tumors: An immunohistochemical and prognostic study. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:124-33. [PMID: 27033920 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important process involved in pathogenesis and progression of neoplasia. However, it has been not so far extensively investigated in canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Therefore the aim of our study was to determine Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) and p53 expression in CMTs and evaluate their correlation with host/tumor factors, and overall survival (OS). Bcl-2 expression was often found in benign lesions and in patients with low TNM stage. Expression of Bax, CC3 and p53 was observed in malignant CMTs. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was not significantly associated with OS. A positive-p53 status was significantly related with poorer tumor differentiation, higher mitotic index (MI), more invasive growth, necrosis, and occurred often in CMTs from large breed dogs. In the shorter-survival group of dogs (≤18 months), a positive correlation was found between CC3 and Bcl-2 expression; CC3 and MI, ERα and p53 expression, while in the longer-survival group (>18 months) CC3 expression was negatively correlated with ERα, whereas p53 expression was positively correlated with MI. We confirmed the usefulness of such parameters as: tumor size, MI, type of growth, tumor metastasis and TNM stage in predicting OS in a univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis we identified age as an independent prognostic factor for OS. Expression of single apoptosis-associated protein should not be used as a prognostic marker. However, we showed significant correlation patterns of expression of proteins involved in apoptotic-signaling pathways in shorter- and longer survival groups. So far, there have been only a few similar reports published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-WULS, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-WULS, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-WULS, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Diessler ME, Castellano MC, Portiansky EL, Burns S, Idiart JR. Canine mammary carcinomas: influence of histological grade, vascular invasion, proliferation, microvessel density and VEGFR2 expression on lymph node status and survival time. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:450-461. [PMID: 26833549 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous invasive non-inflammatory canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) and their regional lymph nodes (LN) were analysed (n = 136). Histological grade (HG) and vascular invasion (VI) in the tumours and lymph node status were recorded. Proliferation index (PI), microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression were estimated using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-von Willebrand factor and anti-Flk-1, respectively. Eighteen months follow-up was performed (34 bitches). Tumours of different grades showed differences regarding PI, Flk-1/integrated optical density (Flk-1/IOD) and MVD. Every feature showed significant association with LN status through bivariate analyses. From multivariate analyses, VI and Flk-1/IOD were selected to predict LN status. Data revealed that the probability of a CMC-bearing bitch to remain alive at 1, 4, 5 and 14-18 months was 0.91, 0.87, 0.81 and 0.77, respectively. Besides LN status, VI was the only feature positively correlated with survival time, although a trend to shorter survival of animal patients bearing high expressing VEGFR2 CMC was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Diessler
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M C Castellano
- Clínica de Pequeños Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - E L Portiansky
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Burns
- LISEA (Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J R Idiart
- Laboratorio de Patología Especial "Dr. B. Epstein", Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Bakirel T, Alkan FÜ, Üstüner O, Çinar S, Yildirim F, Erten G, Bakirel U. Synergistic growth inhibitory effect of deracoxib with doxorubicin against a canine mammary tumor cell line, CMT-U27. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:657-68. [PMID: 26822118 PMCID: PMC4873858 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been shown to exert anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor
activities on many types of malignant tumors. These anticancer properties make it
worthwhile to examine the possible benefit of combining COX inhibitors with other
anti-cancer agents. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of deracoxib (DER) in
potentiating antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX) in canine mammary carcinoma cells
(CMT-U27). DER (50–250 µM) enhanced the antiproliferative activity of DOX
by reducing the IC50 (approximately 3- to 3.5 fold). Interaction analysis of
the data showed that combinations of DOX at 0.9 µM with DER (100–250
µM) produced synergism in the CMT-U27 cell line, with a ratio index
ranging from 1.98 to 2.33. In additional studies identifying the mechanism of observed
synergistic effect, we found that DER strongly potentiated DOX-caused
G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle progression. Also, DER (100–250
µM) augmented apoptosis induction with approximately 1.35- and 1.37-
fold increases in apoptotic response caused by DOX in the cells. DER enhanced the
antiproliferative effect of DOX in conjunction with induction of apoptosis by modulation
of Bcl-2 expression and changes in the cell cycle of the CMT-U27 cell line. Although the
exact molecular mechanism of the alterations in the cell cycle and apoptosis observed with
DER and DOX combinations require further investigations, the results suggest that the
synergistic effect of DOX and DER combinations in CMT therapy may be achieved at
relatively lower doses of DOX with lesser side effects. Therefore, combining DER with DOX
may prove beneficial in the clinical treatment of canine mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Bakirel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
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Spoerri M, Guscetti F, Hartnack S, Boos A, Oei C, Balogh O, Nowaczyk RM, Michel E, Reichler IM, Kowalewski MP. Endocrine control of canine mammary neoplasms: serum reproductive hormone levels and tissue expression of steroid hormone, prolactin and growth hormone receptors. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:235. [PMID: 26370564 PMCID: PMC4570623 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplasms of the mammary gland are among the most common diseases in female domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). It is assumed that reproductive hormones influence tumorigenesis in this species, although the precise role of the endocrine milieu and reproductive state is subject to continuing discussion. In line with this, a recent systematic review of available data on the development of mammary neoplasms revealed weak evidence for risk reduction after neutering and an effect of age at neutering. Investigation of several hormone receptors has revealed decreased expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα, ESR1), progesterone (P4) receptor (PGR), prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) associated with neoplastic differentiation of mammary tissues. In other studies, increased levels of estrogens, progesterone and prolactin were found in serum and/or tissue homogenates of dogs with malignant neoplasms. However, the association between these entities within one animal population was never previously examined. Therefore, this study investigated the association between circulating serum concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone and prolactin, and gene expression of ERα (ESR1), ERβ (ESR2), PGR, PRLR, PRL and GHR, with respect to reproductive state (spayed vs. intact) and cycle stage (anestrus vs. diestrus). Additionally, the expression of E-cadherin (CDH-1) was evaluated as a possible indicator of metastatic potential. Results For all receptors, the lowest gene expression was found in malignant tumors compared to normal tissues of affected dogs. Steroid levels were not influenced by their corresponding receptor expression in mammary neoplasms, but increased PRL levels were negatively associated with low PRLR gene expression in malignant tumors. The expression of CDH-1 was influenced by tumor malignancy and cycle stage, i.e., the highest gene expression was found in benign mammary tumors in diestrous dogs compared to normal and malignant mammary tissues of anestrous and spayed dogs. Conclusions Herein, it has been confirmed that transformation towards malignant neoplasms is associated with significant reduction of gene expression of particular hormone receptors. Only PRLR in malignant tumors seems to be influenced by circulating PRL levels. In dogs, CDH-1 can be used as a prognostic factor; its expression, however, in benign tumors is influenced by cycle stage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0546-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Spoerri
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland. .,Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268/272, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 270, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Christine Oei
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O Box 80125, Utrecht, 3508 TC, The Netherlands.
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Renata M Nowaczyk
- Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Erika Michel
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Iris M Reichler
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
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Matos A, Santos A. Advances in the understanding of the clinically relevant genetic pathways and molecular aspects of canine mammary tumours: Part 1. Proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair. Vet J 2015; 205:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Santos A, Matos A. Advances in the understanding of the clinically relevant genetic pathways and molecular aspects of canine mammary tumours. Part 2: Invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapy. Vet J 2015; 205:144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Klopfleisch R, Kohn B, Gruber AD. Mechanisms of tumour resistance against chemotherapeutic agents in veterinary oncology. Vet J 2015; 207:63-72. [PMID: 26526523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of chemotherapy drugs are used as first line or adjuvant treatment of the majority of tumour types in veterinary oncology. However, some types of tumour are intrinsically resistant to several anti-cancer drugs, and others, while initially sensitive, acquire resistance during treatment. Chemotherapy often significantly prolongs survival or disease free interval, but is not curative. The exact mechanisms behind intrinsic and acquired chemotherapy resistance are unknown for most animal tumours, but there is increasing knowledge on the mechanisms of drug resistance in humans and a few reports on molecular changes in resistant canine tumours have emerged. In addition, approaches to overcome or prevent chemotherapy resistance are becoming available in humans and, given the overlaps in molecular alterations between human and animal tumours, these may also be relevant in veterinary oncology. This review provides an overview of the current state of research on general chemotherapy resistance mechanisms, including drug efflux, DNA repair, apoptosis evasion and tumour stem cells. The known resistance mechanisms in animal tumours and the potential of these findings for improving treatment efficacy in veterinary oncology are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - B Kohn
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19 b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - A D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Hennecke S, Beck J, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, Neumann S, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I, Hammer SC, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Junginger J, Kaup FJ, Brenig B, Schütz E. Prevalence of the Prefoldin Subunit 5 Gene Deletion in Canine Mammary Tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131280. [PMID: 26132936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A somatic deletion at the proximal end of canine chromosome 27 (CFA27) was recently reported in 50% of malignant mammary tumors. This region harbours the tumor suppressor gene prefoldin subunit 5 (PFDN5) and the deletion correlated with a higher Ki-67 score. PFDN5 has been described to repress c-MYC and is, therefore, a candidate tumor-suppressor and cancer-driver gene in canine mammary cancer. Aim of this study was to confirm the recurrent deletion in a larger number of tumors. Methods Droplet digital PCR for PFDN5 was performed in DNA from 102 malignant, 40 benign mammary tumors/dysplasias, 11 non-neoplastic mammary tissues and each corresponding genomic DNA from leukocytes. The copy number of PFDN5 was normalized to a reference amplicon on canine chromosome 32 (CFA32). Z-scores were calculated, based on Gaussian distributed normalized PFDN5 copy numbers of the leukocyte DNA. Z-scores ≤ -3.0 in tissue were considered as being indicative of the PFDN5 deletion and called as such. The Ki-67 proliferation index was assessed in a subset of 79 tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. Results The deletion was confirmed in 24% of all malignant tumors, detected in only 7.5% of the benign tumors and was not present in any normal mammary tissue sample. The subgroup of solid carcinomas (n = 9) showed the highest frequency of the deletion (67%) and those malignomas without microscopical high fraction of benign tissue (n = 71) had a 32% frequency (p<0.01 vs. benign samples). The Ki-67 score was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in the PFDN5-deleted group compared to malignant tumors without the deletion. Conclusions A somatic deletion of the PFDN5 gene is recurrently present in canine mammary cancer, supporting a potential role in carcinogenesis. The association of this deletion with higher Ki-67 indicates an increased proliferation rate and thus a link to tumor aggressiveness can be hypothesized. The confirmation of earlier results warrants further studies on PFDN5 as cancer-driver gene.
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Moschetta MG, Maschio LB, Jardim-Perassi BV, Gelaleti GB, Lopes JR, Leonel C, Gonçalves NDN, Ferreira LC, Martins GR, Borin TF, Zuccari DAPDC. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in canine malignant mammary tumors. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2345-53. [PMID: 25779537 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in dogs, with approximately half of these tumors being malignant. Hypoxia, characterized by oxygen levels below normal, is a known adverse factor to cancer treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of the pathophysiological response of mammalian cells to low oxygen levels. HIF-1α activates the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn promotes angiogenesis through its ability to stimulate the growth, migration and invasion of endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, contributing to tumor progression. In this study, we evaluated the serum concentration and gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α linking them with clinicopathological parameters and survival of dogs with mammary tumors in order to infer the possible prognostic value of these factors. We collected blood and tumor fragments of 24 female dogs with malignant mammary tumors (study group) and 26 non-affected female dogs (control group) to verify the gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the serum levels by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent). The results showed high serum levels of VEGF in the study group and its correlation between abundant vascularization, lymph node involvement, metastasis, death rate and low survival (p<0.05). The serum percentage of HIF-1α in female dogs with mammary neoplasia was lower than that in the control group and higher in female dogs with tumor metastasis and history of tumor recurrence (p<0.05). Regarding gene expression, there was a gene overexpression of VEGFA in female dogs with poor outcome, in contrast to the gene underexpression of HIF-1A. Taken together, these results suggested that VEGF is important in tumor progression and can be used as a potential prognostic marker in the clinic and may be useful in predicting tumor progression in dogs with mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Lopes
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Leonel
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiane Do Nascimento Gonçalves
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Martins
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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TORRES CRISTIANG, OLIVARES ARACELI, STOORE CAROLL. Simvastatin exhibits antiproliferative effects on spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2235-44. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tamura D, Saito T, Murata K, Kawashima M, Asano R. Celecoxib exerts antitumor effects in canine mammary tumor cells via COX‑2‑independent mechanisms. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1393-404. [PMID: 25571853 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib plays antitumor roles via multiple mechanisms in a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of action of celecoxib in canine mammary tumors. We examined the antitumor effects of celecoxib in AZACB canine mammary tumor cells expressing low levels of cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) to minimize the effect of COX‑2 on its activity. Our data revealed that celecoxib inhibited cell proliferation mainly via COX‑2‑independent mechanisms. Specifically, celecoxib decreased the proportion of cells in S phase and increased G2/M arrest, which was associated with increased expression of the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21 and p27. In addition, treatment with celecoxib downregulated COX‑2 expression, and induced apoptosis via both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. These findings suggest that celecoxib might be a useful agent for the treatment of canine mammary tumors, regardless of COX‑2 expression. In the future, it might be possible to use a combination of celecoxib and other antitumor agents to treat canine mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252‑8510, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252‑8510, Japan
| | - Kanae Murata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252‑8510, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252‑8510, Japan
| | - Ryuji Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252‑8510, Japan
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Muhammadnejad A, Keyhani E, Mortazavi P, Behjati F, Haghdoost IS. Overexpression of her-2/neu in malignant mammary tumors; translation of clinicopathological features from dog to human. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6415-21. [PMID: 23464468 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs) are the most common tumor found in bitches. Changes in HER-2/neu genes in human breast cancer (HBC) lead to decrease in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rate (OSR). Previous studies have demonstrated that the biological behavior of malignant mammary gland tumors (MMGTs) is similar to that of HBC. The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between overexpression of HER-2/neu and clinicopathological features in MMGTs to represent a model of prognostic factors for HBC. MATERIALS AND METHOD The clinicopathological data of 35 MMGTs were obtained. Immunohistochemical staining with HER-2, Ki-67 and CD34 markers was conducted with sections from paraffin-embedded blocks. According to standard protocols, histological type, grade, margin status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), HER-2/ neu score, proliferation rate and microvessel density (MVD) of tumors were determined and the association of HER-2/neu overexpression with these parameters was assessed statistically. RESULTS The IHC results showed that 12 (34.3%) cases were HER-2/neu positive. Statistical analyses indicated a significant relationship between HER-2 positivity and tumor grade (p=0.043), which also was demonstrated with cancer stage (p=0.035), tumor margin involvement (p=0.016), proliferation index (p=0.001) and MVD (p=0.001); however, there was no statistical relationship between LVI and tumor size. Overexpression of the HER-2/neu gene in MMGTs results in similar biological behavior as that of HBC; as a result, these tumors have can be considered to have important similarities in clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS MMGTs can be regarded as an HBC animal model. Further studies in this field would result in new treatments that could be beneficial for both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Castro SV, Carvalho AA, Silva CMG, Santos FW, Campello CC, de Figueiredo JR, Rodrigues APR. Frozen and Fresh Ovarian Tissue Require Different Culture Media to Promote in Vitro Development of Bovine Preantral Follicles. Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 12:317-24. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vieira Castro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Adeline Andrade Carvalho
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Cleidson Manoel Gomes Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Cabral Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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von Deetzen MC, Schmeck BT, Gruber AD, Klopfleisch R. Malignancy Associated MicroRNA Expression Changes in Canine Mammary Cancer of Different Malignancies. ISRN Vet Sci 2014; 2014:148597. [PMID: 25002976 DOI: 10.1155/2014/148597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA has been suspected to be generally involved in carcinogenesis since their first description. A first study supported this assumption for canine mammary tumors when miRNA expression was compared to normal gland. The present study extends these results by comparing the expression of 16 microRNA (miRNA) and 4 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) in tumors of different malignancy, for example, adenomas, nonmetastasizing and metastasizing carcinomas as well as lymph node metastases, with each other and with normal mammary gland. All neoplastic tissues differed in their miR-210 expression levels from normal gland. While metastatic cells differed in their expression of mir-29b, miR-101, mir-125a, miR-143, and miR-145 from primary tumors, the comparison of miRNA expression in primary tumors of different malignancy failed to reveal significant differences except for a significant downregulation of mir-125a in metastasizing carcinomas when compared to adenomas.
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Santos M, Correia-Gomes C, Santos A, de Matos A, Rocha E, Lopes C, Pereira PD. Nuclear pleomorphism: role in grading and prognosis of canine mammary carcinomas. Vet J 2014; 200:426-33. [PMID: 24745769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours are highly heterogeneous in morphology and behaviour and successful clinical management requires robust prognostic factors. Histological grade, determined by the Nottingham nuclear pleomorphism scoring method, has been considered one of these factors. Despite the adoption of this method, it is unknown whether inter-observer agreement exists regarding the assessment of its parameters in canine mammary carcinomas (CMC). In this study, the agreement between two observers in scoring nuclear pleomorphism using the Nottingham method was evaluated in 89 cases of CMC. Histological evidence of vascular invasion and/or lymph node metastases (both early signs of tumour aggressiveness) was recorded. For 48 animals, two years of follow-up data were available. Nuclear pleomorphism was quantitatively assessed using a stereological method that allowed for an unbiased estimation of nuclear size and its variability by determining the volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (v¯v). Differences between the v¯v estimations and nuclear pleomorphism scores were evaluated. Additionally, the prognostic significance of clinicopathological features including nuclear score and v¯v was evaluated. A poor agreement between the two observers was obtained (κ value 0.46). Tumours scored as 1 and 2 presented similar v¯v values and only tumours that scored 3 presented significantly higher estimates. The v¯v value was not associated with vascular invasion and/or lymph node metastases, but was higher in tumours that progressed during follow-up. In multivariable analysis, only tumour size was an independent factor regarding evidence of aggressiveness and an optimal cut-off of 2.9 cm was defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Santos
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Correia-Gomes
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Future Farming Systems, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), UK
| | - Andreia Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies (FMV-ULHT), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Augusto de Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, ICBAS - UPorto, Portugal; Animal Science and Study Central (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), UPorto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR LA, Laboratory of Cellular, Molecular and Analytical studies, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - UPorto, Portugal
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Abstract
Background Companion animals like dogs frequently develop tumors with age and similarly to human malignancies, display interpatient tumoral heterogeneity. Tumors are frequently characterized with regard to their mutation spectra, changes in gene expression or protein levels. Among others, these changes affect proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR), which served as a basis for the development of numerous clinically relevant cancer therapies. Even though the effects of different DNA damaging agents, as well as DDR kinetics, have been well characterized in mammalian cells in vitro, very little is so far known about the kinetics of DDR in tumor and normal tissues in vivo. Discussion Due to (i) the similarities between human and canine genomes, (ii) the course of spontaneous tumor development, as well as (iii) common exposure to environmental agents, canine tumors are potentially an excellent model to study DDR in vivo. This is further supported by the fact that dogs show approximately the same rate of tumor development with age as humans. Though similarities between human and dog osteosarcoma, as well as mammary tumors have been well established, only few studies using canine tumor samples addressed the importance of affected DDR pathways in tumor progression, thus leaving many questions unanswered. Summary Studies in humans showed that misregulated DDR pathways play an important role during tumor development, as well as in treatment response. Since dogs are proposed to be a good tumor model in many aspects of cancer research, we herein critically investigate the current knowledge of canine DDR and discuss (i) its future potential for studies on the in vivo level, as well as (ii) its possible translation to veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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SAITO TERUYOSHI, TAMURA DAI, ASANO RYUJI. Usefulness of selective COX-2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents against canine mammary tumors. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1637-44. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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45
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Sleeckx N, Van Brantegem L, Van den Eynden G, Fransen E, Casteleyn C, Van Cruchten S, Veldhuis Kroeze E, Van Ginneken C. Lymphangiogenesis in Canine Mammary Tumours: A Morphometric and Prognostic Study. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:184-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Benazzi C, Al-Dissi A, Chau CH, Figg WD, Sarli G, de Oliveira JT, Gärtner F. Angiogenesis in spontaneous tumors and implications for comparative tumor biology. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:919570. [PMID: 24563633 PMCID: PMC3916025 DOI: 10.1155/2014/919570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood supply is essential for development and growth of tumors and angiogenesis is the fundamental process of new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones. Angiogenesis is a prognostic indicator for a variety of tumors, and it coincides with increased shedding of neoplastic cells into the circulation and metastasis. Several molecules such as cell surface receptors, growth factors, and enzymes are involved in this process. While antiangiogenic therapy for cancer has been proposed over 20 years ago, it has garnered much controversy in recent years within the scientific community. The complex relationships between the angiogenic signaling cascade and antiangiogenic substances have indicated the angiogenic pathway as a valid target for anticancer drug development and VEGF has become the primary antiangiogenic drug target. This review discusses the basic and clinical perspectives of angiogenesis highlighting the importance of comparative biology in understanding tumor angiogenesis and the integration of these model systems for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Benazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - C. H. Chau
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W. D. Figg
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - J. T. de Oliveira
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
| | - F. Gärtner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
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El-Abd EA, Sultan AS, Shalaby EA, Matalkah F. Animal Models of Breast Cancer. Omics Approaches in Breast Cancer 2014:297-314. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-0843-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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48
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Sleeckx N, Van Brantegem L, Van den Eynden G, Fransen E, Casteleyn C, Van Cruchten S, Veldhuis Kroeze E, Van Ginneken C. Angiogenesis in canine mammary tumours: a morphometric and prognostic study. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:175-83. [PMID: 24231306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis in canine mammary tumours (CMTs) has been described previously; however, only the intratumoural (IT) region has been studied and information on peritumoural (PT) angiogenesis is lacking. In this study, the blood vessel density (BVD), blood vessel perimeter (BVP) and blood vessel area (BVA) in IT and PT regions of 56 benign CMTs, 55 malignant CMTs and 13 samples of normal mammary gland tissue were analyzed. In addition, the blood endothelial cell proliferation (BECP) as an indicator of ongoing angiogenesis was investigated. The prognostic value of each parameter was also examined. Blood vessels and proliferating blood endothelial cells were present in IT and PT regions of both benign and malignant tumours. The vessels in the PT region had a significantly higher area and perimeter compared with those in the IT region. Malignant tumours showed significantly more vessels with a smaller total BVA and a higher BECP compared with benign tumours and control tissue. In the PT regions there was a significantly higher BVD, BVA and BVP compared with the vessels in control tissue. Only the IT and PT BVD and PT BECP in benign tumours allowed prediction of survival. The morphology of blood vessels in CMTs shows similarities with those in human breast cancer, which strengthens the case for the use of dogs with CMTs in comparative oncology trials.
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Beck J, Hennecke S, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, Urnovitz HB, Neumann S, Ströbel P, Kaup FJ, Brenig B, Schütz E. Genome aberrations in canine mammary carcinomas and their detection in cell-free plasma DNA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75485. [PMID: 24098698 PMCID: PMC3787092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most frequent cancers in female dogs exhibiting a variety of histopathological differences. There is lack of knowledge about the genomes of these common dog tumors. Five tumors of three different histological subtypes were evaluated. Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) was performed in comparison to the respective somatic genome of each animal. Copy number and structural aberrations were validated using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Using mate-pair sequencing chromosomal aneuploidies were found in two tumors, frequent smaller deletions were found in one, inter-chromosomal fusions in one other, whereas one tumor was almost normal. These aberrations affect several known cancer associated genes such as cMYC, and KIT. One common deletion of the proximal end of CFA27, harboring the tumor suppressor gene PFDN5 was detected in four tumors. Using ddPCR, this deletion was validated and detected in 50% of tumors (N = 20). Breakpoint specific dPCRs were established for four tumors and tumor specific cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was detected in the plasma. In one animal tumor-specific cfDNA was found >1 year after surgery, attributable to a lung metastasis. Paired-end sequencing proved that copy-number imbalances of the tumor are reflected by the cfDNA. This report on chromosomal instability of canine mammary cancers reveals similarities to human breast cancers as well as special canine alterations. This animal model provides a framework for using MPS for screening for individual cancer biomarkers with cost effective confirmation and monitoring using ddPCR. The possibility exists that ddPCR can be expanded to screening for common cancer related variants.
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Abstract
Anal sac gland carcinoma arising from the apocrine secretory epithelium in the anal sac wall, is locally invasive and highly metastatic. The majority of anal sac gland carcinomas are unilateral on presentation, but bilateral tumours have been identified. This case series presents the outcome of four unique cases of unilateral anal sac gland carcinoma which subsequently developed contralateral anal sac gland carcinoma 50 to 390 days after removal of the initial tumour. Median survival was 1035 days after initial diagnosis and 807 days after diagnosis of the second anal sac gland carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Bowlt
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU
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