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Cuadrado-Godia E, Maniruzzaman M, Araki T, Puvvula A, Jahanur Rahman M, Saba L, Suri HS, Gupta A, Banchhor SK, Teji JS, Omerzu T, Khanna NN, Laird JR, Nicolaides A, Mavrogeni S, Kitas GD, Suri JS. Morphologic TPA (mTPA) and composite risk score for moderate carotid atherosclerotic plaque is strongly associated with HbA1c in diabetes cohort. Comput Biol Med 2018; 101:128-145. [PMID: 30138774 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the association between six types of carotid artery disease image-based phenotypes and HbA1c in diabetes patients. Six phenotypes (intima-media thickness measurements (cIMT (ave.), cIMT (max.), cIMT (min.)), bidirectional wall variability (cIMTV), morphology-based total plaque area (mTPA), and composite risk score (CRS)) were measured in an automated setting using AtheroEdge™ (AtheroPoint, CA, USA). METHOD Consecutive 199 patients (157 M, age: 68.96 ± 10.98 years), L/R common carotid artery (CCA; 398 US scans) who underwent a carotid ultrasound (L/R) were retrospectively analyzed using AtheroEdge™ system. Two operators (novice and experienced) manually calibrated all the US scans using AtheroEdge™. Logistic regression (LR) and Odds ratio (OR) was computed and phenotypes were ranked. RESULTS The baseline results showed 150 low-risk patients (HbA1c < 6.50 mg/dl) and 49 high-risk patients (HbA1c ≥ 6.50 mg/dl). The fasting blood sugar (FBS) was highly associated with HbA1c (P < 0.001). Except for cIMTV, all phenotypes showed an OR > 1.0 (P < 0.001) for left common carotid artery (LCCA), right carotid artery (RCCA), and mean of left and right common carotid artery (MCCA). After adjusting the FBS, the OR for mTPA showed a higher risk for LCCA, RCCA, and MCCA. The coefficient of correlation (CC) between phenotypes and HbA1c were strong and inter-CC between cIMT and mTPA/CRS was above 0.9 (P < 0.001). The statistical tests showed that phenotypes were significantly associated with diabetes (P-value<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS All phenotypes using AtheroEdge™, except cIMTV, showed a strong association with HbA1c. mTPA and CRS were equally strong phenotypes as cIMT. The CRS phenotype showed the strongest relationship to HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Maniruzzaman
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi and the JiVit A Project of John Hopkins University, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Tadashi Araki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anudeep Puvvula
- Annu's Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - Md Jahanur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U., Italy
| | | | - Ajay Gupta
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
| | | | - Jagjit S Teji
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Mercy Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tomaž Omerzu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health, St. Helena, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, London, UK; Vascular Diagnostic Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
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Boi A, Jamthikar AD, Saba L, Gupta D, Sharma A, Loi B, Laird JR, Khanna NN, Suri JS. A Survey on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Tissue Characterization in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:33. [PMID: 29781047 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerotic plaque deposition within the coronary vessel wall leads to arterial stenosis and severe catastrophic events over time. Identification of these atherosclerotic plaque components is essential to pre-estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stratify them as a high or low risk. The characterization and quantification of coronary plaque components are not only vital but also a challenging task which can be possible using high-resolution imaging techniques. RECENT FINDING Atherosclerotic plaque components such as thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), fibrous cap, macrophage infiltration, large necrotic core, and thrombus are the microstructural plaque components that can be detected with only high-resolution imaging modalities such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Light-based OCT provides better visualization of plaque tissue layers of coronary vessel walls as compared to IVUS. Three dominant paradigms have been identified to characterize atherosclerotic plaque components based on optical attenuation coefficients, machine learning algorithms, and deep learning techniques. This review (condensation of 126 papers after downloading 150 articles) presents a detailed comparison among various methodologies utilized for plaque tissue characterization, classification, and arterial measurements in OCT. Furthermore, this review presents the different ways to predict and stratify the risk associated with the CVD based on plaque characterization and measurements in OCT. Moreover, this review discovers three different paradigms for plaque characterization and their pros and cons. Among all of the techniques, a combination of machine learning and deep learning techniques is a best possible solution that provides improved OCT-based risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ankush D Jamthikar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Deep Gupta
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bruno Loi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Coronary Arterial Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
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3
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Bagheri M, Khadem-Vatani K, Mohammad Zad MHS, Abdi Rad I, Rahimi B, Rostamzadeh A, Godarzi M, Ashena S. Analysis of the mutations in exon 10 of MEFV gene in patients with premature coronary heart disease in west Azerbaijan province of Iran. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2018; 10:20-23. [PMID: 29707173 PMCID: PMC5913688 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2018.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Premature coronary heart disease (PCHD) affects public health and leads to death. PCHD has several genetic and environmental risk factors. The aim of this study was to analysis of the mutations in exon 10 of MEFV gene in patients with PCHD in West Azerbaijan province of Iran.
Methods: Totally 41 PCHD patients who were admitted to the cardiology unit of Sayedoshohada hospital (Urmia, Iran) enrolled in the study. Selection of the patients was done based on the strict criteria, that is, who had a minimum of one angiographically documented coronary artery with the stenosis of 50%. Mutations in exon 10 of MEFV gene were found by direct sequencing.
Results: V726A, M680I, K695R, and A744S mutations with 2.44%, 1.22%, 1.22%, and 1.22%, allelic frequency were found, respectively. Five patients (12.2%) with PCHD carried at least one mutated MEFV allele. Heterozygote V726A was the most frequent mutation among tested cases (4.88%), followed by heterozygote M680I, heterozygote K695R, and heterozygote A744S.
Conclusion: The results of the present study imply that the frequency of the MEFV gene exon 10 is significantly high in PCHD patients. This is the first report in its own kind in clinically diagnosed PCHD patients of Iranian Azeri Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kamal Khadem-Vatani
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Rahimi
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Rostamzadeh
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Godarzi
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shabnam Ashena
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Hitoglou S, Frydas S, Hatzistilianou M, Pappa S, Gougoustamou D, Kotsis A. Response of ADA and Its Isoenzymes in Mice Infected by Trichinella Spiralis and Treated with Mimosine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 17:191-200. [PMID: 15171820 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) are chatacterized by an inflammatory response in the host. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate markers for monitoring mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with or without mimosine. The markers that have been used were total and differential white blood cell counts, subpopulations of lymphocytes, serum tADA and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 activity. The study included 3 groups of BALB/c mice. Group A consisted of 16 healthy mice, Group B of 16 mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with saline, and Group C of 16 mice infected with T. spiralis and treated with mimosine. The measurements were made once per week for the first six weeks continuously following the infection. According to our results, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis and increased percentages of adhesion molecules and CD4 lymphocytes were present in groups B and C one week post-infection. Total ADA activity as well as ADA1 and ADA2 was higher in groups B and C versus group A from the first week post-infection. The levels of tADA activity, ADA1 and ADA2 were higher in group B compared to those of group C and the difference was statisticaly sigificant (p<0.05) during the 4th week post-infection. The majority of tADA activity, essential for an efficient immune response, was derived from ADA1 which may have been produced by infected tissues. The elevated activities of tADA and ADA1 may be sensitive markers for infection of T. spiralis and for monitoring the course of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hitoglou
- General Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sbarsi I, Falcone C, Boiocchi C, Campo I, Zorzetto M, De Silvestri A, Cuccia M. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: The Role of TNF and TNF Receptors Polymorphisms in Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:145-54. [PMID: 17346438 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary syndromes; moreover, various lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors contribute significantly to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Through its effects on endothelial function, coagulation, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, the proinflammatory cytokine TNF could be involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology. The aim of our study is to analyze whether TNF gene promoter (-308 G/A; −857 G/A) and TNF receptor polymorphisms (TNFR1 MspA1 I exon 1 and TNFR2 Nla III exon 6) show involvement in CAD predisposition in a group of Italian patients compared with healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Consecutive Italian patients with angiographically proven CAD (n= 248) were compared with controls (n=241), matched for age, sex and geographical origins. CAD patients showed a higher frequency of the TNF −308 A allele than healthy controls (p=0.046). After stratification according to risk factors for CAD, our analysis revealed that CAD patients with diabetes (p=0.042) and CAD patients without hypertension (p=0.0495) displayed a higher frequency of the TNF −308 AA genotype compared with healthy controls. Our data stress the inflammatory nature of CAD and show a possible involvement of TNF −308G/A promoter polymorphisms in the predisposition to the development of this disease. The less frequent A allele seems to be a predisposing factor for development of CAD in particular pathological settings associated with the disease itself, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sbarsi
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Italy
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Cavalieri S, Rotoli M, Feliciani C, Amerio P. Expression of the High-Affinity Laminin Receptor (67 kDa) in Normal Human Skin and Appendages. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:223-31. [PMID: 15888241 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of cells with extracellular matrix components plays a significant role in the regulation of cell biology. Laminin is a large glycoprotein involved in fundamental interactions between cells and the basement membrane. Several cell surface receptors are responsible for cell-matrix interactions. The 67 kDa high affinity laminin receptor, 67LR, is involved in the adhesion of normal cells to the laminin network and is also associated with the metastatic phenotype of some tumoral cells. We have investigated the expression of laminin and of the 67LR in normal human skin using immunoperoxidase staining. Twenty samples of skin were analyzed. Antibody against laminin reacted in a continuous linear band at the dermal-epidermal junction, as well as basement membranes of hair follicles, sebaceous and eccrine sweat glands, and dermal blood vessels. The epidermis and the follicular epithelium were negative for laminin. The 67LR seemed not to be expressed on the basal surface of basal keratinocytes. The major expression of this receptor may be detected in the upper half of the spinous layer and in the granular layer. The cells of the outer root sheath in hair follicle showed the same immunohistochemical pattern described for epidermis. In sebaceous glands and in eccrine sweat glands the secreting epithelium was positive. Endothelial cells of dermal blood vessels were routinely positive for 67LR. We observed that the expression of the 67LR in normal human skin is mostly located in epidermal areas in which the keratinizing process was particularly advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cavalieri
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Riccioni G, Gammone MA, Tettamanti G, Bergante S, Pluchinotta FR, D'Orazio N. Resveratrol and anti-atherogenic effects. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:603-10. [PMID: 26306466 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1077796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis development has been increasingly well recognized over the past decade. Inflammation has a significant role at all stages of atherosclerosis, including initiation, progression and plaque formation. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in grape products, berry fruits and red wine. Its ability to behave therapeutically as a component of red wine has attracted wide attention. Accumulating evidence suggests that it is a highly pleiotropic molecule that modulates numerous targets and molecular functions. Epidemiological studies indicate that the Mediterranean diet, rich in resveratrol, is associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Resveratrol is believed to decrease circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, reduce cardiovascular disease risk; it reduces lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and oxidative stress. Resveratrol is considered a safe compound, since no significant toxic effects have been demonstrated after administration of a broad range of concentrations, and an effective anti-atherogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- a Cardiology Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital , Manfredonia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Gammone
- b Clinical and Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oral Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy and
| | - Guido Tettamanti
- c Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery , IRCCS San Donato Milanese Hospital , San Donato Milanese , Italy
| | - Sonia Bergante
- c Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery , IRCCS San Donato Milanese Hospital , San Donato Milanese , Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Pluchinotta
- c Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery , IRCCS San Donato Milanese Hospital , San Donato Milanese , Italy
| | - Nicolantonio D'Orazio
- b Clinical and Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oral Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy and
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8
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García-González V, Delgado-Coello B, Pérez-Torres A, Mas-Oliva J. Reality of a Vaccine in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:427-37. [PMID: 26100340 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis together with multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis can be used as examples of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with multifactorial components that evolve over the years. Nevertheless, an important difference between these diseases relies on the fact that atherosclerosis develops from early ages where inflammation dominates the very beginning of the disease. This review highlights the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis and the role the immune system plays in the process of atherogenesis. Although treatment of atherosclerosis has been for years based on lipid-lowering therapies reducing a series of risk factors, the degree of success has been only limited because cardiovascular complications related to the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions continue to appear in the population worldwide. In this sense, alternative treatments for atherosclerosis have come into play where both innate and adaptive immunity have been proposed to modulate atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory phenomena. When tested for their atheroprotective properties, several immunogens have been studied through passive and active immunization with good results and, therefore, the strategy through vaccination to control the disease has been made possible. Many experimental pre-clinical studies demonstrating proof of concept that vaccination using DNA and protein with an effective use of adjuvants and the optimal route of administration now provide a tangible new therapeutic approach that sets the stage for several of these vaccines to be tested in large, randomized, long-term clinical studies. A vaccine ready for human use will only be accomplished through the close association between academia, regulatory government organizations and private industry, allowing the reality of a simple and successful therapy to reduce atherosclerosis and its severe clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
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Hong H, Wang H, Liao H. Prehypertension is associated with increased carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the community population of Southern China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:20. [PMID: 23510396 PMCID: PMC3618079 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proceeding of blood pressure (BP) from normal level to the hypertension has been found to be associated with increased cardiovascular events and multiple vascular risk factors. However, whether the process is associated with increased carotid atherosclerotic plaque per se or not is still unclear. Methods Nine hundred and forty-two participants aged from 46 to 75 were enrolled from community population in Southern China. Their metabolic risk factors, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and atherosclerotic plaque formation were analyzed and stratified by different blood pressure levels according to JNC-7 or ESH/ESC-2007 classification. Results From low BP level to higher BP level, multiple metabolic risk factors increased linearly. Prehypertension in JNC-7 classification (or normal BP and high normal BP in ESH/ESC-2007 classification) was correlated with thicker cIMT and more plaque formation than normotension (or optimal BP) (p < 0.001). After adjusting multiple metabolic factors, the differences were still significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, prehypertensive participants had a trend to be thicker carotid IMT (OR and its 95% CI: 1.65, 0.97-2.82, p = 0.067) and significantly higher carotid plaque occurrence (OR and its 95% CI: 2.36, 1.43-3.88, p = 0.001) than normotensive ones. However, there was no significant difference of cIMT and plaque formation between normal BP and high normal BP (p > 0.05). Plaque formation in prehypertension was as significant as that in hypertension. Conclusion Prehypertension is associated with significantly increased carotid atherosclerotic plaque and is a primary stratify risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis which could cause ischemic stroke in middle-aged and elderly population in Southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China.
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10
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Bezerra DP, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Saker-Neto N, Silveira ER, Costa-Lotufo LV. Overview of the therapeutic potential of piplartine (piperlongumine). Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:453-63. [PMID: 23238172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Piplartine (piperlongumine, 5,6-dihydro-1-[(2E)-1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1H)-pyridinone) is a biologically active alkaloid/amide from peppers, as from long pepper (Piper longum L. - Piperaceae). Long pepper is one of the most widely used in Ayurvedic medicine, which is used to treat many diseases, including tumors. The purpose of the current paper is to address to the chemical structure establishment and to systematically survey the published articles and highlight recent advances in the knowledge of the therapeutic potential of piplartine, establishing new goals for future research. The reported pharmacological activities of piplartine include cytotoxic, genotoxic, antitumor, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antiplatelet aggregation, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal, and schistosomicidal activities. Among the multiple pharmacological effects of piplartine, its anticancer property is the most promising. Therefore, the preclinical anticancer potential of piplartine has been extensively investigated, which recently resulted in one patent. This compound is selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells by induction of oxidative stress, induces genotoxicity, as an alternative strategy to killing tumor cells, has excellent oral bioavailability in mice, inhibits tumor growth in mice, and presents only weak systemic toxicity. In summary, we conclude that piplartine is effective for use in cancer therapy and its safety using chronic toxicological studies should be addressed to support the viability of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bezerra
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Manoel O de Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Saker-Neto
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Edilberto R Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Riccioni G, D Orazio N, Scotti L, Petruzzelli R, Latino A, Bucciarelli V, Pennelli A, Cicolini G, Di Ilio E, Bucciarelli T. Circulating plasma antioxidants, inflammatory markers and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease patients: a case control study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:327-34. [PMID: 20378019 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted on the relationship between antioxidant plasma vitamin concentrations, inflammatory markers and carotid atherosclerosis with inconclusive results in endstage renal disease (ESRD) patients. A case-control study was performed to investigate the relationship between plasma antioxidant concentrations, inflammatory markers, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in healthy subjects and in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We enrolled 40 subjects (20 healthy, 20 with ESRD) asymptomatic for carotid atherosclerosis. After carotid ultrasound investigation (CUI), medical history data, physical examination, venous blood samples were collected. These were analyzed for concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (A, E), carotenoids (lycopene, beta-carotene), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), and lipid profile. Low concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, lycopene, and beta-carotene were significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with ESRD (p less than 0.001). In addition, high concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (p less than 0.01), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (p less than 0.001) were also associated with carotid atherosclerosis, while other laboratory parameters considered (high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides) were not significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis. A regular intake of foods rich in antioxidant vitamins with low fat concentrations may slow the progression of atherosclerotic process in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Riccioni
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy.
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12
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Riccioni G, D'Orazio N, Palumbo N, Bucciarelli V, di Ilio E, Bazzano LA, Bucciarelli T. Relationship between plasma antioxidant concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness: the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease In Manfredonia Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:351-7. [PMID: 19384236 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e328325d807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicola Palumbo
- Analyses Laboratory, ‘San Camillo de Lellis' Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia
| | - Valentina Bucciarelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Clinical Biochemistry, University ‘G. D'Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela di Ilio
- Department of Biomedical Science, Clinical Biochemistry, University ‘G. D'Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tonino Bucciarelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Clinical Biochemistry, University ‘G. D'Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
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Mani V, Muntner P, Gidding SS, Aguiar SH, El Aidi H, Weinshelbaum KB, Taniguchi H, van der Geest R, Reiber JHC, Bansilal S, Farkouh M, Fuster V, Postley JE, Woodward M, Fayad ZA. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters of atherosclerotic plaque burden improve discrimination of prior major adverse cardiovascular events. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009; 11:10. [PMID: 19393089 PMCID: PMC2680849 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with prior major cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (MACE) are more likely to have future recurrent events independent of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with traditional risk factors and prior MACE had increased cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) plaque burden measures compared to patients with risk factors but no prior events. METHODS AND RESULTS Black blood carotid and thoracic aorta images were obtained from 195 patients using a rapid extended coverage turbo spin echo sequence. CMR measures of plaque burden were obtained by tracing lumen and outer vessel wall contours. Patients with prior MACE had significantly higher MR plaque burden (wall thickness, wall area and normalized wall index) in carotids and thoracic aorta compared to those without prior MACE (Wall thickness carotids: 1.03 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.93+/- 0.03, p = 0.001; SD wall thickness carotids: 0.137 +/- 0.0008 vs. 0.102 +/- 0.0004, p < 0.001; wall thickness aorta: 1.63 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.50 +/- 0.04, p = 0.009; SD wall thickness aorta: 0.186 +/- 0.035 vs. 0.139 +/- 0.012, p = 0.009 respectively). Plaque burden (wall thickness) and plaque eccentricity (standard deviation of wall thickness) of carotid arteries were associated with prior MACE after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional risk factors. Area under ROC curve (AUC) for discriminating prior MACE improved by adding plaque eccentricity to models incorporating age, sex, and traditional CVD risk factors as model inputs (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION A greater plaque burden and plaque eccentricity is prevalent among patients with prior MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Mani
- Imaging Science Laboratories; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Silvia H Aguiar
- Imaging Science Laboratories; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hamza El Aidi
- Imaging Science Laboratories; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen B Weinshelbaum
- Imaging Science Laboratories; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Imaging Science Laboratories; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sameer Bansilal
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Farkouh
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mark Woodward
- Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Imaging Science Laboratories; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Riccioni G, Bazzano LA, Bucciarelli T, Mancini B, Ilio ED, D'Orazio N. Rosuvastatin reduces intima-media thickness in hypercholesterolemic subjects with asymptomatic carotid artery disease: the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease in Manfredonia (ACADIM) Study. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:2403-8. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.14.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Riccioni G, Bucciarelli T, Mancini B, Di Ilio C, Capra V, D'Orazio N. The role of the antioxidant vitamin supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 16:25-32. [PMID: 17155851 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and technological revolutions have resulted in dramatic shifts in the diseases that are responsible for illness and death. In particular, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the dominant chronic disease in many parts of the world. Diet, tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, lipid levels, hypertension and diabetes mellitus have contributed to their wide diffusion. Oxidative damage and the production of free radicals in the endothelium are two of the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process that causes CVD. One of the more important results of basic research on dietetic regimes has shown that people who consume large amounts of fruits and vegetables have a lower incidence of CVD, stroke and tumours, but the specific mechanisms of these foods (which have an apparently protective effect) are still not completely clear. Possible reasons could include a greater consumption of fruit and vegetables, and an increased consumption of dietetic fibres. Recently, it been proposed that micronourishments with an antioxidant activity could be responsible for the reduction of chronic diseases. Research supplies a hypothetical mechanism by which antioxidant substances may be reducing the risk of atherosclerosis through the inhibition of oxidative damage. Appropriate nutritional practices are of central importance in managing risk and treatment of CVD; in fact, many current guidelines for a healthy general population contain nutritional recommendations to reduce the risk of these diseases. A large number of descriptive and case-control studies suggests that the consumption of many antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E) reduces the risk of CVD. Such data raises the following problem of whether supplementation of vitamins A, C and E emerges as being useful in the primary prevention of CVD. Many important studies involving a great number of participants have not confirmed this hypothesis and the results are often contradictory. This review examines the studies published in the literature that document the effect of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E) in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD due to an atherosclerosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- S Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Cardiology Unit, Via G. De Rogatis, 12 CP 188, 71016 San Severo (FG), via Isonzo, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy.
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Petrarca C, Frydas S, Donelan J, Boucher W, Papadopoulou N, Cao J, Castellani ML, Conti P, Toniato E, Robuffo I, Vecchiet J, Iezzi T, Madhappan B, Kempuraj D. Interleukin 27 (IL-27): A novel pleiotropic cytokine involved in T cell differentiation and T cell response modulation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 18:191-4. [PMID: 15888242 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Limnell V, Pasternack R, Karjalainen J, Virtanen V, Lehtimäki T, Aittoniemi J. Seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori antibodies is associated with lower occurrence of venous bypass graft occlusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 36:601-3. [PMID: 15370672 DOI: 10.1080/00365540410016753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common chronic infections including those caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV), Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae have previously been related to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the association between serology of these chronic infections and coronary bypass graft occlusions in 61 patients. As a result, IgG seropositivity rate against H. pylori was higher among patients without occlusion (82%) than in those with occlusion (45%) or apparently healthy controls (57%) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.008, respectively). In conclusion, H. pylori infection, as judged by IgG seropositivity, is associated with lower occurrence of venous bypass graft occlusion in patients with CHD and may thus be connected with better outcome and prognosis of CHD patients after bypass graft surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilho Limnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Fach EM, Garulacan LA, Gao J, Xiao Q, Storm SM, Dubaquie YP, Hefta SA, Opiteck GJ. In vitro biomarker discovery for atherosclerosis by proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2004; 3:1200-10. [PMID: 15496433 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m400160-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify in vitro and then prioritize a tractable set of protein biomarker candidates of atherosclerosis that may eventually be developed to measure the extent, progression, regression, and stability of atherosclerotic lesions. A study was conducted using an in vitro"foam cell" model based on the stimulation of differentiated THP1 cells with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxidized LDL) as compared with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Analysis of the proteins contained in the cell supernatant using proteome scanning technology identified 59 proteins as being increased, 57 with no statistically measurable difference, and 17 decreasing in abundance following treatment with oxidized LDL, as compared with LDL. From the up-regulated list, proteins were prioritized based on their analytical confidence as well as their relevance to atherosclerosis pathways. Within the group of increased abundance, seven families of proteins were of particular interest: fatty acid-binding proteins, chitinase-like enzymes, cyclophilins, cathepsins, proteoglycans, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, and a macrophage scavenger receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle M Fach
- Department of Clinical Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
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