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Stenholm S, Suorsa K, Leskinen T, Myllyntausta S, Pulakka A, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Finnish Retirement and Aging Study: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076976. [PMID: 38072496 PMCID: PMC10729264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) Study was set up to study changes in health behavioural and cardiometabolic risk factors across retirement transition, and to examine the long-term consequences of work and retirement on health and functioning with advancing age. PARTICIPANTS Public sector workers whose estimated statutory retirement date was in 2014-2019 were invited to participate by sending them a questionnaire 18 months prior to their estimated retirement date. In the first phase of the FIREA Study, participants were followed up with annual surveys, accelerometer and clinical measurements during retirement transition into post-retirement years. The FIREA survey cohort includes 6783 participants, of which 908 belong also to the activity substudy and 290 to the clinical substudy. FINDINGS TO DATE Collected data include survey measures about health, lifestyle factors, psychosocial distress, work-related factors as well as retirement intentions. Accelerometer and GPS devices are used to measure 24-hour movement behaviours. Clinical examination includes blood and hair sample, measurements of anthropometry, cardiovascular function, physical fitness, physical and cognitive function. Our results suggest that in general retirement transition seems to have beneficial influence on health behaviours as well as on physical and mental health, but there are large individual differences, and certain behaviours such as sedentariness tend to increase especially among those retiring from manual occupations. FUTURE PLANS The second phase of the FIREA Study will be conducted during 2023-2025, when participants are 70 years old. The FIREA Study welcomes research collaboration proposals that fall within the general aims of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristin Suorsa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Myllyntausta
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Pulakka
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Huang NC, Kuo PH, Hsu WC, Hu SC. Retirement planning and types of healthy lifestyle after retirement: a Nationwide Survey in Taiwan. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7151548. [PMID: 37140348 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited research has examined the components of retirement planning and the effects on retirees' health behaviors. This study aims to explore whether retirement planning is associated with different types of healthy lifestyles after retirement. We conducted a nationwide Health and Retirement Survey in Taiwan and analyzed the data from 2015 to 2016. A total of 3128 retirees aged 50-74 years were included in the analysis. Twenty items on retirement planning from five categories were administered, and 20 health-related behaviors were used for measuring healthy lifestyles. Results showed that five types of healthy lifestyles were found from the 20 health behaviors by factor analysis. After controlling for all covariates, various components of retirement planning were associated with different types of lifestyles. Retirees having any item of retirement planning would significantly increase the score of 'healthy living'. Those with 1-2 items were also associated with the total score and the type of 'no unhealthy food'. However, those with ≥ 6 items were the only group positively related to the type of 'regular health checkups' but negatively to the type of 'good medication'. In conclusion, retirement planning offers a 'window of opportunity' for promoting healthy lifestyles after retirement. Pre-retirement planning should be advocated in the workplace to improve health-related behaviors, especially for those upcoming retired workers. In addition, a friendly environment and continuous programs should also be incorporated for better retirement life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan-Ching Huang
- Healthy City Research Center, Innovation Headquarters, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Han Kuo
- Department of Medical Service, Standard Chem & Pharm Company, LTD., No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Xinying Dist., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Hsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Susan C Hu
- Healthy City Research Center, Innovation Headquarters, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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Sato K, Noguchi H, Inoue K, Kawachi I, Kondo N. Retirement and cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal study in 35 countries. Int J Epidemiol 2023:7157039. [PMID: 37155837 PMCID: PMC10396426 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors. METHODS We used harmonized longitudinal datasets from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys in 35 countries. Data comprised 396 904 observations from 106 927 unique individuals aged 50-70 years, with a mean follow-up period of 6.7 years. Fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions were performed using the SPA as an instrument. RESULTS We found a 2.2%-point decrease in the risk of heart disease [coefficient = -0.022 (95% confidence interval: -0.031 to -0.012)] and a 3.0%-point decrease in physical inactivity [-0.030 (-0.049 to -0.010)] among retirees, compared with workers. In both sexes, retirement was associated with a decreased heart disease risk, whereas decreased smoking was observed only among women. People with high educational levels showed associations between retirement and decreased risks of stroke, obesity and physical inactivity. People who retired from non-physical labour exhibited reduced risks of heart disease, obesity and physical inactivity, whereas those who retired from physical labour indicated an increased risk of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Retirement was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease on average. Some associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors appeared heterogeneous by individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Noguchi
- Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Longitudinal patterns and sociodemographic profiles of health-related behaviour clustering among middle-aged and older adults in China and Japan. AGEING & SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x2200143x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Given inevitable age-related decreases in physical or mental capacity, studies on health-related behaviour (HRB) clustering in older people provide an opportunity to reduce health-care costs and promote healthy ageing. This study explores the clustering of HRBs and transition probabilities of cluster memberships over time, and compares sociodemographic characteristics of these clusters among Chinese and Japanese middle-aged and older adults. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015 (N = 19614) and the Japanese Study of Ageing and Retirement (JSTAR) from 2007 to 2011 (N = 7,080), Latent Transition Analysis was applied to investigate the clustering and change in clustering memberships of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and body mass index. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of these longitudinal HRB cluster members. We identified four common clusters in CHARLS and JSTAR: ‘smoking’, ‘overweight or obese’, ‘healthy lifestyle’ and ‘current smoking with drinking’, and an additional cluster named ‘ex-smoking with drinking’ in JSTAR. Although HRB cluster members were largely stable in both cohorts, participants in China tended to move towards an unhealthy lifestyle, while participants in Japan did the opposite. We also found that participants who smoked and drank were more likely to be male, younger, less educated and unmarried in both cohorts, but the overweight or obese participants were female, urban and higher income in CHARLS but not JSTAR. Our study not only contributes to the knowledge of longitudinal changes in health-related behavioural clustering patterns in an Asian elderly population, but may also facilitate the design of targeted multi-behavioural interventions to promote healthy lifestyles among older people in both countries.
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Tam ACT, Steck VA, Janjua S, Liu TY, Murphy RA, Zhang W, Conklin AI. A systematic review of evidence on employment transitions and weight change by gender in ageing populations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273218. [PMID: 35981079 PMCID: PMC9387864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Becoming unemployed is associated with poorer health, including weight gain. Middle- and older-age adults are a growing segment of workforces globally, but they are also more vulnerable to changes to employment status, especially during economic shocks. Expected workforce exits over the next decade may exacerbate both the obesity epidemic and the economic burden of obesity. This review extends current knowledge on economic correlates of health to assess whether employment transitions impact body weight by sex/gender among middle-aged and older adults. Methods Eight bibliometric databases were searched between June and July 2021, supplemented by hand-searches, with no restriction on publication date or country. Longitudinal studies, or reviews, were eligible when examining body weight as a function of employment status change in adults ≥50 years. Data extraction and quality appraisal used predefined criteria; reported findings were analysed by narrative synthesis. Results We screened 6,001 unique abstracts and identified 12 articles that met inclusion criteria. All studies examined retirement; of which two also examined job-loss. Overall, studies showed that retirement led to weight gain or no difference in weight change compared to non-retirees; however, reported effects were not consistent for either women or men across studies or for both women and men within a study. Reported effects also differed by occupation: weight gain was more commonly observed among retirees from physical occupations but not among retirees from sedentary occupations. Few studies assessed the role of health behaviours; sleep was the least studied. Most studies were medium quality. Conclusions Existing studies do not provide a clear enough picture of how employment transitions affect body weight. Firm conclusions on the impact of employment transitions on weight cannot be made without further high-quality evidence that considers the role of gender, job-type, other health behaviours, and other transitions, like job-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. T. Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica A. Steck
- Faculty of Science, Department of Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sahib Janjua
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ting Yu Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Providence Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annalijn I. Conklin
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Providence Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Dang L, Ananthasubramaniam A, Mezuk B. Spotlight on the Challenges of Depression following Retirement and Opportunities for Interventions. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1037-1056. [PMID: 35855744 PMCID: PMC9288177 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s336301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major life transition characterized by changes in social, behavioral, and psychological domains, retirement is associated with numerous risk factors that can contribute to the development of depression in later life. Understanding how these risk factors intersect with overall health and functioning can inform opportunities for mental health promotion during this transition. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on risk and protective factors for depression during retirement transitions, discuss challenges related to appropriate management of depression in later life, and describe opportunities for prevention and intervention for depression relating to retirement transitions, both within and beyond the health care system. Key implications from this review are that 1) the relationship between depression and retirement is multifaceted; 2) while depression is a common health condition among older adults, this syndrome should not be considered a normative part of aging or of retirement specifically; 3) the existing mental health specialty workforce is insufficient to meet the depression management needs of the aging population, and 4) therefore, there is a need for interprofessional and multidisciplinary intervention efforts for preventing and managing depression among older adults. In sum, both healthcare providers, public health practitioners, and community organizations have meaningful opportunities for promoting the mental health of older adults during such major life transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Dang
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Briana Mezuk
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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A Computational Model of Similarity Analysis in Quality of Life Research: An Example of Studies in Poland. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010056. [PMID: 35054449 PMCID: PMC8781786 DOI: 10.3390/life12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the multidimensional structure of the results of similarity studies, their analysis is often difficult. Therefore, a compact and transparent presentation of these results is essential. The purpose of the present study is to propose a graphical representation of the results of similarity analysis in studies on the quality of life. The results are visualized on specific diagrams (maps), where a large amount of information is presented in a compact form. New similarity maps obtained using a computational method, correspondence analysis, are shown as a convenient tool for comparative studies on the quality of life of different groups of individuals. The usefulness of this approach to the description of changes of the quality of life after the retirement threshold in different domains is demonstrated. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate individuals in Poland. By analyzing clusters on the similarity maps, two groups (employees and retirees) were classified according to their quality of life in different domains. By comparing the structures of the classification maps containing the information about the whole system considered, it is clearly seen which factors are important in the comparative studies. For the considered problems, the uncertainty coefficients describing the effect size and preserving the information on the symmetry of the variables that were used for the creation of the contingency tables were evaluated.
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Pirani E, De Santis G, Zanasi F. Retirement? Other Ways Out of the Labour Market Are Far More Worrying for Health: Results from a Matching Approach Study. J Aging Health 2021; 34:221-232. [PMID: 34420407 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211039637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveDespite a growing body of research, the effects of retirement on health are not clear. The study explores the role played by the path out of the labour market (formal retirement vs. unemployment or family reasons), accounting for individual heterogeneity. Methods: Propensity score matching approach is employed on longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2015). Results: While health does not change significantly for those who formally retire, it worsens considerably for those who leave the labour market for other reasons. Moreover, health outcomes turn out to be highly heterogeneous, depending on individual socio-economic and job-related characteristics. Discussion: Leaving the labour market in one's mature years is a complex transition. Future research should focus on understanding and combating the causes of premature exit from the labour market, a relevant concern both in economic terms and on health grounds, in the light of our results.
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Veenstra M, Herlofson K, Aartsen M, Hansen T, Hellevik T, Henriksen G, Løset GK, Vangen H. Cohort Profile: The Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation Study (NorLAG). Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:728-729i. [PMID: 33496326 PMCID: PMC8271209 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Veenstra
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Herlofson
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marja Aartsen
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tale Hellevik
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gøril Kvamme Løset
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Vangen
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Georgantas D, Tsounis A, Vidakis I, Malliarou M, Sarafis P. The impact of socio-demographic features on anxiety and depression amongst navy veterans after retirement: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:122. [PMID: 32127021 PMCID: PMC7055026 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Retirement from work may trigger various changes in everyday life that affect mental health. The current cross-sectional study, conducted with 231 veterans, examines the relationship between socio-demographic features and both anxiety and depression in navy veterans after retirement. Spielberg’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for anxiety assessment, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for depression assessment. The analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. Results It was found that the mean score of state anxiety was 41 and trait anxiety, 38. Severe depression was found in 6.5% of the veterans, moderate in 8.3% and mild in 21.7%. The presence of a serious health problems was an independent predictor of both anxiety and depression’s more serious symptoms. Inversely, the stability in terms of retirement choice was negatively related to depression, while the development of new interests and activities after retirement was negatively related to both anxiety and depression. Further, life satisfaction after retirement was a predictor of lower current anxiety levels among veterans.
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Xue B, Head J, McMunn A. The Impact of Retirement on Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:e367-e377. [PMID: 31091304 PMCID: PMC7362617 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives People are now spending longer in retirement than ever before and retirement has been found to influence health. This study systematically reviewed the impact of retirement on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors (metabolic risk factors, blood biomarkers, physical activity, smoking, drinking, and diet). Research Design and Methods Longitudinal studies published in Medline, Embase, Social Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and Social Policy and Practice were searched. No language restrictions were applied if there was an English abstract. Eighty-two longitudinal studies were included after critical appraisals. Results Studies in the United States often found no significant effect of retirement on CVD, while studies in European countries, except France, showed a detrimental effect of retirement on CVD. Results from the United States and several European countries consistently show that retirement increase adiposity measures among those retired from physically demanding jobs. For diabetes and hypertension, five out of nine studies suggest no effect of retirement. Retirement has been repeatedly linked to increasing leisure-time physical activity but may reduce work- and transport-related physical activity in turn. Most studies showed that retirement either decreased smoking or had no effect on smoking. The evidence did not show a clear conclusion on drinking. Only a few studies have assessed the impact on diet and blood biomarkers. Discussion and Implications Effect of retirement varies according to the health outcomes studied and country of the study population. Policy concerning extending the retirement age needs to focus on ensuring they are suited to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Anne McMunn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
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Rodríguez-Monforte M, Fernández-Jané C, Martin-Arribas A, Costa-Tutusaus L, Sitjà-Rabert M, Ramírez-García I, Canet Vélez O, Kopp J, Vilaró J, Carrillo-Alvarez E. Interventions across the Retirement Transition for Improving Well-Being: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4341. [PMID: 32560506 PMCID: PMC7344699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The work-to-retirement transition involves a process of psychologically and behaviorally distancing oneself from the workforce that is often accompanied by other social changes, which can influence health and well-being. However, research on interventions targeting the work-to-retirement transition to improve health status is limited. Our objective was to summarize and describe interventions aiming to improve well-being across the retirement transition; (2) Methods: We conducted a scoping review following the methodological framework described by Arksey and O'Malley; the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines as well as the PRISMA-ScR statements; we systematically searched articles and gray literature to identify interventions and policies that aimed to improve well-being across the retirement transition. (3) Results: 15 publications were included, which comprised both experimental designs (n = 10) and systematic reviews (n = 5). (4) Conclusions: More research on how to promote overall well-being during the work-to-retirement transition is needed. The results of this scoping review show that most reported interventions address one single lifestyle behavior, and that relevant social determinants of health have been barely considered in their design. Future investigations need to consider vulnerable groups and country-specific structural conditions. Adopting a patient and public involvement approach will contribute to developing interventions that address the significant needs of those in the transition to retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodríguez-Monforte
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Carles Fernández-Jané
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Anna Martin-Arribas
- GHenderS Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (I.R.-G.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Lluís Costa-Tutusaus
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Mercè Sitjà-Rabert
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Inés Ramírez-García
- GHenderS Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (I.R.-G.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Olga Canet Vélez
- GHenderS Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (I.R.-G.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Jenna Kopp
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Jordi Vilaró
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Elena Carrillo-Alvarez
- Global Research on Well-Being (GRoW), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (L.C.-T.); (M.S.-R.); (J.K.); (J.V.); (E.C.-A.)
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Stenholm S, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Trajectories of self-rated health before and after retirement: evidence from two cohort studies. Occup Environ Med 2019; 77:70-76. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesPrevious studies have produced conflicting findings on the health consequences of retirement. We aimed at identifying trajectories of self-rated health over retirement transition using repeated measurements and examined which preretirement factors predicted membership to each trajectory.MethodsThe study population consisted of Finnish public sector employees from two independent cohorts (Finnish Public Sector Study (FPS), n=5776 with a 4-year follow-up interval; and Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA), n=2796 with a 1-year follow-up interval). Both cohorts included assessment of self-rated health one to three times before and one to three times after retirement (average number of measurement points: 3.7 in FPS and 3.5 in FIREA). We used latent trajectory analysis to identify trajectories of self-rated health.ResultsIn both cohorts four similar trajectories were identified: ‘Sustained good health’ (47% in FPS and 74% in FIREA), ‘From good to suboptimal health’ (19% and 6%), ‘From suboptimal to good health’ (14% and 8%) and ‘Sustained suboptimal health’ (20% and 12%). There were more women and persons in high occupational status in the ‘From suboptimal to good health’ trajectory group when compared with ‘Sustained suboptimal health’ trajectory group in FPS. Those in the trajectory ‘From good to suboptimal health’ had lower occupational status and higher job strain in comparison with those in the ‘Sustained good health’ trajectory in both cohorts.ConclusionsA large majority of public sector employees maintain their perceived health status during retirement transition. Adverse trajectory in self-rated health relate to low occupational status and work-related stressors.
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Rodríguez-Monforte M, Fernández-Jané C, Martin-Arribas A, Sitjà-Rabert M, Canet Vélez O, Sanromà-Ortiz M, Vilaró J, Carrillo-Alvarez E. Interventions across the retirement transition for improving well-being: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030484. [PMID: 31530610 PMCID: PMC6756433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The work-to-retirement transition involves a process of psychologically and behaviourally distancing oneself from the workforce that is often accompanied by other social changes. The person is confronted with new social roles, expectations, challenges and opportunities that can influence lifestyle and well-being. In the scientific literature, we find recent reports of interventions aimed at improving health and well-being in people at retirement age. However, there is still a gap of knowledge on how different interventions during retirement might improve health status. We intend to conduct a scoping review with the aim of describing interventions for improving well-being across the retirement transition. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The methodological framework described by Arksey and O'Malley; the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols statements will be followed. Eligibility criteria comprise of: (a) all type of original studies, review articles or reports published on journals as well as grey literature; (b) describing interventions to improve the well-being in adults across their retirement transition; (c) including participants before, during and after retirement; (d) all publications must describe variables associated with participants' physical and/or psychological and/or social well-being and/or perceived quality of life related to these; (e) no language restriction and (f) published from January 2000 to March 2019. The main findings will be summarised using a narrative descriptive synthesis approach and grouped following the population, concept and context principles. A stakeholder meeting will be held to provide feedback on the findings and to develop next steps in research and practice. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval from a research ethics committee is not required, as no personal information will be collected. We plan to disseminate our research findings at different levels: scientific community, clinical and social arenas, as well as to healthcare leaders and policymakers and general population. The project has been registered at Open Science Framework with the name TRANSITS: work to retirement transition project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodríguez-Monforte
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Fernández-Jané
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Martin-Arribas
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Sitjà-Rabert
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Canet Vélez
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sanromà-Ortiz
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaró
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Carrillo-Alvarez
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull - Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
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Zella S, Harper S. The Impact of Life Course Employment and Domestic Duties on the Well-Being of Retired Women and the Social Protection Systems That Frame This. J Aging Health 2019; 32:285-295. [PMID: 30596299 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318821205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The article addresses whether specific combinations of employment and domestic duties over the life course are associated with variations in women's health at the time of retirement. It also explores the differences of this relationship in four European welfare states. Method: Women from three waves of SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) are grouped using sequence analysis. Using logistic regression models, group differences in later life depression and self-reported health are tested. Predicted probabilities are applied to analyze welfares' differences. Results: The findings confirm that a combination of employment and domestic duties across the life course has a positive association with later life health. Being outside the labor market is detrimental for women's health. Well-being across the life course is framed by the welfare context in which women live. Discussion: We suggest that further research is needed to explore the mechanisms linking work and care trajectories to poor health and enable appropriate interventions.
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Arpino B, Solé-Auró A. Education Inequalities in Health Among Older European Men and Women: The Role of Active Aging. J Aging Health 2017; 31:185-208. [PMID: 28823184 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317726390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed whether education inequalities in health among older people can be partially explained by different levels of active aging among educational groups. METHOD We applied logistic regression and the Karlson, Holm, & Breen (KHB) decomposition method using the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe on individuals aged 50+ years ( N = 27,579). Active aging included social participation, paid work, and provision of grandchild care. Health was measured by good self-perceived health, low number of depressive symptoms, and absence of limitations because of health in activities people usually do. RESULTS We found a positive educational gradient for each of the three health measures. Up to a third of the health gaps between high and low educated were associated with differences in engagement in active aging activities. DISCUSSION Policies devoted at stimulating an active participation in society among older people should be particularly focused on lower educated groups.
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Halonen JI, Stenholm S, Pulakka A, Kawachi I, Aalto V, Pentti J, Lallukka T, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Trajectories of risky drinking around the time of statutory retirement: a longitudinal latent class analysis. Addiction 2017; 112:1163-1170. [PMID: 28257157 PMCID: PMC5498817 DOI: 10.1111/add.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Life transitions such as retirement may influence alcohol consumption, but only a few studies have described this using longitudinal data. We identified patterns and predictors of risky drinking around the time of retirement. DESIGN A cohort study assessing trajectories and predictors of risky drinking among employees entering statutory retirement between 2000 and 2011. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 5805 men and women from the Finnish Public Sector study who responded to questions on alcohol consumption one to three times prior to (w-3 , w-2 , w-1 ), and one to three times after (w+1 , w+2 , w+3 ) retirement. MEASUREMENTS We assessed trajectories of risky drinking (> 24 units per week among men, > 16 units among women, or an extreme drinking occasion during past year) from pre- to post-retirement, as well as predictors of each alcohol consumption trajectory. FINDINGS Three trajectories were identified: sustained healthy drinking (81% of participants), temporary increase in risky drinking around retirement (12%) and slowly declining risky drinking after retirement (7%). The strongest pre-retirement predictors for belonging to the group of temporary increase in risky drinking were current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70-5.64], male sex (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.16-3.55), depression (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.05-1.99) and work-place in the metropolitan area (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.00-1.66). Compared with the slowly declining risky drinking group, the temporary increase in risky drinking group was characterized by lower occupational status and education, and work-place outside the metropolitan area. CONCLUSIONS In Finland, approximately 12% of people who reach retirement age experience a temporary increase in alcohol consumption to risky levels, while approximately 7% experience a slow decline in risky levels of alcohol consumption. Male gender, smoking, being depressed and working in a metropolitan area are associated with increased likelihood of increased alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sari Stenholm
- University of Turku, Department of Public Healthand Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland,University of TampereFaculty of Social Sciences (Health Science)TampereFinland
| | - Anna Pulakka
- University of Turku, Department of Public Healthand Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki/KuopioFinland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki/KuopioFinland
| | | | - Jussi Vahtera
- University of Turku, Department of Public Healthand Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki/KuopioFinland,Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College London Medical SchoolUK
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Bauger L, Bongaardt R. The lived experience of well-being in retirement: A phenomenological study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2016; 11:33110. [PMID: 27814778 PMCID: PMC5097159 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v11.33110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This phenomenological study aimed to identify and describe the general meaning structure of the experience of well-being after retirement. We interviewed nine retirees about their lived experiences with well-being and analysed the data with Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The general meaning structure described well-being in retirement as a phenomenon that interweaves four constituents: (1) an awareness of and gratitude for a healthy and functioning body, (2) a new experience of time presenting possibilities for action, (3) a heightened sense of agency, and (4) being-in-place in relationships. We discuss these findings in relation to relevant literature of successful aging, the perception of time, eudaimonic and hedonic well-being and generativity. Our findings contribute to the field by comprehensibly describing the phenomenon of well-being as it is experienced by retirees, which we conclude to be a valuable contribution for initiatives promoting well-being in retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bauger
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway;
| | - Rob Bongaardt
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway
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Sharma A. Smoking Cessation and Changes in Body Mass Index Among Middle Aged and Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2016; 37:1012-1036. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464816655438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study contributes to the body of literature examining smoking cessation and body mass index (BMI) for adults aged 50 and older. Method: Utilizing the 2004 and 2010 waves of the RAND Health and Retirement Study, this analysis utilized Fixed Effects (FE) regression on a sample of 1,316 adults aged 50 and older. Results: Older adults undergo a small change in BMI after a transition from smoking to nonsmoking during a 6-year period, and this occurs after accounting for individual-level unobserved heterogeneity. More specifically, men experience a BMI gain of 1.24 ( p< .01) and women experience a BMI gain of 1.58 ( p< .01). Discussion: Gerontologists/health professionals can use these results to inform older adults about the potential for a small increase in BMI and, in the process, assuage any apprehensions about excessive weight gain. This insight may encourage a greater number of older adults to cease smoking.
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Wong JD, Shobo Y. The Influences of Daily Stressors on Morning Cortisol Levels in Midlife and Older Retirees: The Moderating Roles of Age and Gender. J Aging Health 2016; 29:858-879. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264316645551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study extends the field of retirement and health by examining the impacts of daily stressors on morning cortisol levels in 253 retirees between 55 and 75 years of age ( M = 66.80, SD = 4.96) and the moderating roles of age and gender. Method: Participants derived from the second wave of the Daily Diary Study portion of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS-II). Across eight consecutive evenings, participants completed telephone interviews about their daily experiences and provided saliva samples across 4 days. Results: Findings from the multilevel models showed that in the context of navigating the day-to-day responsibilities, older retirees were at a greater risk for subsequent hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) dysregulation than younger retirees. Discussion: Together, better identification of the associations between daily stressors and physiological functioning will help contribute to the knowledge on ways to promote greater quality of life in retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yetty Shobo
- Virginia Department of Health Professions, Richmond, USA
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