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Schulze J, Heinrich M, Freudenstein JP, Schäpers P, Krumm S. Uncovering Hidden Framings in Dark Triad Self-Ratings: What Frames-of-Reference Do People Use When Responding to Generic Dark Triad Items? Assessment 2024; 31:1472-1492. [PMID: 38284352 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231220357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In typical Dark Triad (DT) questionnaires, generic items oftentimes refer to "others" or "people" in general. Hence, respondents have to mentally aggregate their behavior across several kinds of "others" (e.g., work colleagues, family members, and friends). It remains unknown if individuals consider different kinds of interaction partners equally or if their self-reports contain "hidden" interaction partner-specific tendencies. To shed light on this issue, we assessed generic and contextualized DT items (referring to family, friends, work, and strangers; N = 814 from the general population). The correlated trait-correlated (method - 1) model was used to investigate preregistered research questions. On average, generic DT items showed the strongest association with work-contextualized DT items and the weakest association with family-contextualized DT items. However, the associations varied considerably across DT items and traits. In sum, our results suggest that hidden framings exist in some DT items, which may impact their ability to predict relevant criteria due to contextual (a)symmetries. The generalizability of the findings to other DT instruments, items, and participant groups should be examined in future research.
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Kraiss J, Glaesmer H, Forkmann T, Spangenberg L, Hallensleben N, Schreiber D, Höller I. Beyond one-size-fits-all suicide prediction: Studying idiographic associations of risk factors for suicide in a psychiatric sample using ecological momentary assessment. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:130-138. [PMID: 39141992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) states that thwarted belongingness (TB), perceived burdensomeness (PB), and hopelessness are risk factors for suicidal ideation. This ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study aimed to (1) demonstrate that there is substantial between-person variability in the association between IPTS predictors and suicidal ideation, (2) identify clusters of patients for which the predictors differently predict suicidal ideation, and (3) examine whether identified clusters are characterized by specific patient characteristics. EMA data were collected ten times per day for six days in 74 psychiatric inpatients and was analyzed with dynamic structural equation modelling. Idiographic associations were obtained and clustered using k-means clustering. We found substantial between-person variability in associations between IPTS predictors and suicidal ideation. Four distinct clusters were identified and different risk factors were relevant for different clusters. In the largest cluster (n = 36), none of the IPTS predictors predicted suicidal ideation. Clusters in which associations between IPTS variables and suicidal ideation were stronger showed higher suicidal ideation, depression, and lower positive affect. These findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all model may not adequately reflect idiosyncratic processes leading to suicidal ideation. A promising avenue might be to use idiographic approaches to personalize prediction and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kraiss
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Hallensleben
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dajana Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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O'Brien ST, Dozo N, Hinton JDX, Moeck EK, Susanto R, Jayaputera GT, Sinnott RO, Vu D, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Gleeson J, Koval P. SEMA 3: A free smartphone platform for daily life surveys. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7691-7706. [PMID: 38914788 PMCID: PMC11362263 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, behavioral, social, and health science researchers have relied on global/retrospective survey methods administered cross-sectionally (i.e., on a single occasion) or longitudinally (i.e., on several occasions separated by weeks, months, or years). More recently, social and health scientists have added daily life survey methods (also known as intensive longitudinal methods or ambulatory assessment) to their toolkit. These methods (e.g., daily diaries, experience sampling, ecological momentary assessment) involve dense repeated assessments in everyday settings. To facilitate research using daily life survey methods, we present SEMA3 ( http://www.SEMA3.com ), a platform for designing and administering intensive longitudinal daily life surveys via Android and iOS smartphones. SEMA3 fills an important gap by providing researchers with a free, intuitive, and flexible platform with basic and advanced functionality. In this article, we describe SEMA3's development history and system architecture, provide an overview of how to design a study using SEMA3 and outline its key features, and discuss the platform's limitations and propose directions for future development of SEMA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T O'Brien
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nerisa Dozo
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordan D X Hinton
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ella K Moeck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rio Susanto
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn T Jayaputera
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duy Vu
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Gleeson
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, The School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Rasmussen S, Chandler JF, Russell K, Cramer RJ. A prospective examination of sleep chronotype and future suicide intent among adults in the United Kingdom: A test of the integrated motivational volitional model of suicide. Sleep Med 2024; 124:84-90. [PMID: 39277966 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND Prior research identified a connection between evening chronotype and suicidality, but the mechanism underlying that connection is not well understood. The Integrated Motivational Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicide may provide a theoretical explanation for this link. The current project includes a three-time point longitudinal survey to examine whether 1) suicide intent likelihood varies across time, 2) chronotype affects suicide intent likelihood prospectively, and 3) defeat and entrapment explain the association between chronotype and suicide intent likelihood. PATIENTS/METHODS Participants (n = 187 UK adults) completed a baseline survey (demographics, chronotype (morning-eveningness; MEQ), defeat and entrapment, and perceived intent to make a future suicide attempt), and follow-up surveys (MEQ and suicide intent likelihood) 3 and 6 months later. RESULTS Results indicated that suicidal intent at 6-month follow-up was lower than baseline or 3-month follow-up. It was also found that strong evening chronotype at baseline is associated with increased suicidal intent 6 months later, and that defeat mediates this relationship. CONCLUSION Our theoretically informed findings shed light on the psychological mechanisms linking chronotype (i.e., eveningness) and future suicide intent by highlighting the role of defeat and entrapment. We propose that feelings of defeat might be derived from evening types' experiences of social jetlag (resulting from conflict between biologically driven sleep schedules and externally dictated social schedules), which consequently drives entrapment and greater future suicide intent. Within this context, defeat and entrapment may be good transdiagnostic and modifiable target variables for future intervention development.
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Borsboom D, Haslbeck J. Integrating Intra- and Interindividual Phenomena in Psychological Theories. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38989982 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2024.2336178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychological science is divided into two distinct methodological traditions. One tradition seeks to understand how people function at the individual level, while the other seeks to understand how people differ from each other. Methodologies that have grown out of these traditions typically rely on different sources of data. While both use statistical models to understand the structure of the data, and these models are often similar, Molenaar (2004) showed that results from one type of analysis rarely transfer to the other, unless unrealistic assumptions hold. This raises the question how we may integrate these approaches. In this paper, we argue that formalized theories can be used to connect intra- and interindividual levels of analysis. This connection is indirect, in the sense that the relationship between theory and data is best understood through the intermediate level of phenomena: robust statistical patterns in empirical data. To illustrate this, we introduce a distinction between intra- and interindividual phenomena, and argue that many psychological theories will have implications for both types of phenomena. Formalization provides us with a methodological tool for investigating what kinds of intra- and interindividual phenomena we should expect to find if the theory under consideration were true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Borsboom
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam
| | - Jonas Haslbeck
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University
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Hartnagel LM, Ebner-Priemer UW, Foo JC, Streit F, Witt SH, Frank J, Limberger MF, Horn AB, Gilles M, Rietschel M, Sirignano L. Linguistic style as a digital marker for depression severity: An ambulatory assessment pilot study in patients with depressive disorder undergoing sleep deprivation therapy. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024. [PMID: 38987940 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital phenotyping and monitoring tools are the most promising approaches to automatically detect upcoming depressive episodes. Especially, linguistic style has been seen as a potential behavioral marker of depression, as cross-sectional studies showed, for example, less frequent use of positive emotion words, intensified use of negative emotion words, and more self-references in patients with depression compared to healthy controls. However, longitudinal studies are sparse and therefore it remains unclear whether within-person fluctuations in depression severity are associated with individuals' linguistic style. METHODS To capture affective states and concomitant speech samples longitudinally, we used an ambulatory assessment approach sampling multiple times a day via smartphones in patients diagnosed with depressive disorder undergoing sleep deprivation therapy. This intervention promises a rapid change of affective symptoms within a short period of time, assuring sufficient variability in depressive symptoms. We extracted word categories from the transcribed speech samples using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. RESULTS Our analyses revealed that more pleasant affective momentary states (lower reported depression severity, lower negative affective state, higher positive affective state, (positive) valence, energetic arousal and calmness) are mirrored in the use of less negative emotion words and more positive emotion words. CONCLUSION We conclude that a patient's linguistic style, especially the use of positive and negative emotion words, is associated with self-reported affective states and thus is a promising feature for speech-based automated monitoring and prediction of upcoming episodes, ultimately leading to better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Hartnagel
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias F Limberger
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea B Horn
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Healthy Longevity Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Gilles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Sirignano
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Jackson K, Meisel M, Sokolovsky A, Chen K, Barnett N. Detecting and Understanding Social Influence During Drinking Situations: Protocol for a Bluetooth-Based Sensor Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50650. [PMID: 38842927 PMCID: PMC11190624 DOI: 10.2196/50650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk alcohol consumption among young adults frequently occurs in the presence of peers who are also drinking. A high-risk drinking situation may consist of particular social network members who have a primary association with drinking. Fine-grained approaches such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) are growing in popularity for studying real-time social influence, but studies using these approaches exclusively rely on participant self-report. Passive indicators of peer presence using Bluetooth-based technology to detect real-time interactions have the potential to assist in the development of just-in-time interventions. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to examine the feasibility and acceptability of using a Bluetooth-based sensor and smartphone app to measure social contact in real-world drinking situations. METHODS Young adults (N=20) who drink heavily and report social drinking will be recruited from the community to participate in a 3-week EMA study. Using a social network interview, index participants will identify and recruit 3 of their friends to carry a Bluetooth beacon. Participants will complete a series of EMA reports on their own personal Android devices including random reports; morning reports; first-drink reports; and signal-contingent reports, which are triggered following the detection of a beacon carried by a peer participant. EMA will assess alcohol use and characteristics of the social environment, including who is nearby and who is drinking. For items about peer proximity and peer drinking, a customized peer list will be presented to participants. Feedback about the study protocol will be ascertained through weekly contact with both index and peer participants, followed by a qualitative interview at the end of the study. We will examine the feasibility and acceptability of recruitment, enrollment of participants and peers, and retention. Feasibility will be determined using indexes of eligibility, enrollment, and recruitment. Acceptability will be determined through participant enrollment and retention, protocol compliance, and participant-reported measures of acceptability. Feasibility and acceptability for peer participants will be informed by enrollment rates, latency to enrollment, compliance with carrying the beacon, and self-reported reasons for compliance or noncompliance with beacon procedures. Finally, EMA data about peer proximity and peer drinking will support the validity of the peer selection process. RESULTS Participant recruitment began in February 2023, and enrollment was completed in December 2023. Results will be reported in 2025. CONCLUSIONS The protocol allows us to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a Bluetooth-based sensor for the detection of social contact between index participants and their friends, including social interactions during real-world drinking situations. Data from this study will inform just-in-time adaptive interventions seeking to address drinking in the natural environment by providing personalized feedback about a high-risk social context and alerting an individual that they are in a potentially unsafe situation. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexander Sokolovsky
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Katie Chen
- Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nancy Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Hasselhorn K, Ottenstein C, Meiser T, Lischetzke T. The Effects of Questionnaire Length on the Relative Impact of Response Styles in Ambulatory Assessment. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38779850 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2024.2354233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ambulatory assessment (AA) is becoming an increasingly popular research method in the fields of psychology and life science. Nevertheless, knowledge about the effects that design choices, such as questionnaire length (i.e., number of items per questionnaire), have on AA data quality is still surprisingly restricted. Additionally, response styles (RS), which threaten data quality, have hardly been analyzed in the context of AA. The aim of the current research was to experimentally manipulate questionnaire length and investigate the association between questionnaire length and RS in an AA study. We expected that the group with the longer (82-item) questionnaire would show greater reliance on RS relative to the substantive traits than the group with the shorter (33-item) questionnaire. Students (n = 284) received questionnaires three times a day for 14 days. We used a multigroup two-dimensional item response tree model in a multilevel structural equation modeling framework to estimate midpoint and extreme RS in our AA study. We found that the long questionnaire group showed a greater reliance on RS relative to trait-based processes than the short questionnaire group. Although further validation of our findings is necessary, we hope that researchers consider our findings when planning an AA study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Hasselhorn
- Department of Psychology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | | | - Tanja Lischetzke
- Department of Psychology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
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Judd N, Aristodemou M, Klingberg T, Kievit R. Interindividual Differences in Cognitive Variability Are Ubiquitous and Distinct From Mean Performance in a Battery of Eleven Tasks. J Cogn 2024; 7:45. [PMID: 38799081 PMCID: PMC11122693 DOI: 10.5334/joc.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Our performance on cognitive tasks fluctuates: the same individual completing the same task will differ in their response's moment-to-moment. For decades cognitive fluctuations have been implicitly ignored - treated as measurement error - with a focus instead on aggregates such as mean performance. Leveraging dense trial-by-trial data and novel time-series methods we explored variability as an intrinsically important phenotype. Across eleven cognitive tasks with over 7 million trials, we found highly reliable interindividual differences in cognitive variability in every task we examined. These differences are both qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from mean performance. Moreover, we found that a single dimension for variability across tasks was inadequate, demonstrating that previously posited global mechanisms for cognitive variability are at least partially incomplete. Our findings indicate that variability is a fundamental part of cognition - with the potential to offer novel insights into developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Judd
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Aristodemou
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Xiang Y, Zhou Y. Bidirectional relations between altruistic tendency and benign/malicious envy among adolescents: A longitudinal study and weekly diary study. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:765-773. [PMID: 36939085 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Altruism is a prosocial tendency that has developed through long-term evolutionary selection. The present study adopts social comparison and evolutionary psychology theories to examine how benign/malicious envy can affect altruism and how altruism can affect the two types of envy in turn, respectively. In Study 1, 513 adolescents participated in a three-wave longitudinal survey to explore the relationships between dispositional altruistic tendency and dispositional benign/malicious envy. The cross-lagged analysis showed a long-term and stable negative bidirectional relationship between dispositional altruistic tendency and dispositional malicious envy and a short-term positive bidirectional relationship between dispositional altruism and dispositional benign envy. In Study 2, 109 adolescents kept a weekly diary for seven consecutive weeks to record state levels of altruistic tendency and benign/malicious envy in their daily lives. The hierarchical linear model demonstrated that weekly altruistic tendency and weekly benign envy could positively predict each other, and weekly altruistic tendency presented a negative bidirectional relationship with weekly malicious envy. These findings offer an effective way to study the relationship between human behavior and emotions from perspectives of social comparison and evolutionary psychology theories. Meanwhile, it also has practical significance for the harmonious development of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- School of Teacher Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Barnett NP, Sokolovsky AW, Meisel MK, Forkus SR, Jackson KM. A Bluetooth-Based Smartphone App for Detecting Peer Proximity: Protocol for Evaluating Functionality and Validity. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50241. [PMID: 38578672 PMCID: PMC11031693 DOI: 10.2196/50241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is commonly used to study social contexts and social influence in the real world, EMA almost exclusively relies on participant self-report of present circumstances, including the proximity to influential peers. There is the potential for developing a proximity sensing approach that uses small Bluetooth beacons and smartphone-based detection and data collection to collect information about interactions between individuals passively in real time. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to describe the methods for evaluating the functionality and validity of a Bluetooth-based beacon and a smartphone app to identify when ≥2 individuals are physically proximal. METHODS We will recruit 20 participants aged 18 to 29 years with Android smartphones to complete a 3-week study during which beacon detection and self-report data will be collected using a smartphone app (MEI Research). Using an interviewer-administered social network interview, participants will identify up to 3 peers of the same age who are influential on health behavior (alcohol use in this study). These peers will be asked to carry a Bluetooth beacon (Kontakt asset tag) for the duration of the study; each beacon has a unique ID that, when detected, will be recorded by the app on the participant's phone. Participants will be prompted to respond to EMA surveys (signal-contingent reports) when a peer beacon encounter meets our criteria and randomly 3 times daily (random reports) and every morning (morning reports) to collect information about the presence of peers. In all reports, the individualized list of peers will be presented to participants, followed by questions about peer and participant behavior, including alcohol use. Data from multiple app data sets, including beacon encounter specifications, notification, and app logs, participant EMA self-reports and postparticipation interviews, and peer surveys, will be used to evaluate project goals. We will examine the functionality of the technology, including the stability of the app (eg, app crashes and issues opening the app), beacon-to-app detection (ie, does the app detect proximal beacons?), and beacon encounter notification when encounter criteria are met. The validity of the technology will be defined as the concordance between passive detection of peers via beacon-to-app communication and the participant's EMA report of peer presence. Disagreement between the beacon and self-report data (ie, false negatives and false positives) will be investigated in multiple ways (ie, to determine if the reason was technology-related or participant compliance-related) using encounter data and information collected from participants and peers. RESULTS Participant recruitment began in February 2023, and enrollment was completed in December 2023. Results will be reported in 2025. CONCLUSIONS This Bluetooth-based technology has important applications and clinical implications for various health behaviors, including the potential for just-in-time adaptive interventions that target high-risk behavior in real time. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexander W Sokolovsky
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew K Meisel
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shannon R Forkus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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van Dalen M, Snijders A, Dietvorst E, Bracké K, Nijhof SL, Keijsers L, Hillegers MHJ, Legerstee JS. Applications of the experience sampling method (ESM) in paediatric healthcare: a systematic review. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:887-900. [PMID: 38062256 PMCID: PMC10920184 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) participants are asked to provide self-reports of their symptoms, feelings, thoughts and behaviours in daily life. This preregistered systematic review assessed how ESM is being used to monitor emotional well-being, somatic health, fatigue and pain in children and adolescents with a chronic somatic illness. METHODS Databases were searched from inception. Studies were selected if they included children or adolescents aged 0-25 years with a chronic somatic illness and used ESM focussing on mental health or psychosocial wellbeing, biopsychosocial factors and/or somatic health. Two reviewers extracted data of the final 47 papers, describing 48 studies. RESULTS Most studies evaluated what factors influence medical or psychological symptoms and how symptoms influence each other. Another common purpose was to study the feasibility of ESM or ESM as part of an app or intervention. Study methods were heterogeneous and most studies lack adequate reporting of ESM applications and results. CONCLUSIONS While ESM holds great potential for providing results and feedback to patients and caregivers, little use is being made of this option. Future studies should consider what they report in their studies, conduct a priori power analyses and how ESM can be embedded in clinical practice. IMPACT While ESM has many clinical applications, it is currently mostly used for research purposes. Current studies using ESM are heterogeneous and lack consistent, high-quality reporting. There is great potential in ESM for providing patients and parents with personalised feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije van Dalen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne Snijders
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dietvorst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Bracké
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne L Nijhof
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Keijsers
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Legerstee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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McNeish D, Somers JA, Savord A. Dynamic structural equation models with binary and ordinal outcomes in Mplus. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1506-1532. [PMID: 37118647 PMCID: PMC10611901 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Intensive longitudinal designs are increasingly popular, as are dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) to accommodate unique features of these designs. Many helpful resources on DSEM exist, though they focus on continuous outcomes while categorical outcomes are omitted, briefly mentioned, or considered as a straightforward extension. This viewpoint regarding categorical outcomes is not unwarranted for technical audiences, but there are non-trivial nuances in model building and interpretation with categorical outcomes that are not necessarily straightforward for empirical researchers. Furthermore, categorical outcomes are common given that binary behavioral indicators or Likert responses are frequently solicited as low-burden variables to discourage participant non-response. This tutorial paper is therefore dedicated to providing an accessible treatment of DSEM in Mplus exclusively for categorical outcomes. We cover the general probit model whereby the raw categorical responses are assumed to come from an underlying normal process. We cover probit DSEM and expound why existing treatments have considered categorical outcomes as a straightforward extension of the continuous case. Data from a motivating ecological momentary assessment study with a binary outcome are used to demonstrate an unconditional model, a model with disaggregated covariates, and a model for data with a time trend. We provide annotated Mplus code for these models and discuss interpretation of the results. We then discuss model specification and interpretation in the case of an ordinal outcome and provide an example to highlight differences between ordinal and binary outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of caveats and extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McNeish
- Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | | | - Andrea Savord
- Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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14
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Wadle LM, Ebner-Priemer UW, Foo JC, Yamamoto Y, Streit F, Witt SH, Frank J, Zillich L, Limberger MF, Ablimit A, Schultz T, Gilles M, Rietschel M, Sirignano L. Speech Features as Predictors of Momentary Depression Severity in Patients With Depressive Disorder Undergoing Sleep Deprivation Therapy: Ambulatory Assessment Pilot Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e49222. [PMID: 38236637 PMCID: PMC10835582 DOI: 10.2196/49222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile devices to continuously monitor objectively extracted parameters of depressive symptomatology is seen as an important step in the understanding and prevention of upcoming depressive episodes. Speech features such as pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate are promising indicators, but empirical evidence is limited, given the variability of study designs. OBJECTIVE Previous research studies have found different speech patterns when comparing single speech recordings between patients and healthy controls, but only a few studies have used repeated assessments to compare depressive and nondepressive episodes within the same patient. To our knowledge, no study has used a series of measurements within patients with depression (eg, intensive longitudinal data) to model the dynamic ebb and flow of subjectively reported depression and concomitant speech samples. However, such data are indispensable for detecting and ultimately preventing upcoming episodes. METHODS In this study, we captured voice samples and momentary affect ratings over the course of 3 weeks in a sample of patients (N=30) with an acute depressive episode receiving stationary care. Patients underwent sleep deprivation therapy, a chronotherapeutic intervention that can rapidly improve depression symptomatology. We hypothesized that within-person variability in depressive and affective momentary states would be reflected in the following 3 speech features: pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate. We parametrized them using the extended Geneva Minimalistic Acoustic Parameter Set (eGeMAPS) from open-source Speech and Music Interpretation by Large-Space Extraction (openSMILE; audEERING GmbH) and extracted them from a transcript. We analyzed the speech features along with self-reported momentary affect ratings, using multilevel linear regression analysis. We analyzed an average of 32 (SD 19.83) assessments per patient. RESULTS Analyses revealed that pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate were associated with depression severity, positive affect, valence, and energetic arousal; furthermore, speech pauses and speech rate were associated with negative affect, and speech pauses were additionally associated with calmness. Specifically, pitch variability was negatively associated with improved momentary states (ie, lower pitch variability was linked to lower depression severity as well as higher positive affect, valence, and energetic arousal). Speech pauses were negatively associated with improved momentary states, whereas speech rate was positively associated with improved momentary states. CONCLUSIONS Pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate are promising features for the development of clinical prediction technologies to improve patient care as well as timely diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Our research is a step forward on the path to developing an automated depression monitoring system, facilitating individually tailored treatments and increased patient empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Wadle
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yoshiharu Yamamoto
- Educational Physiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias F Limberger
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schultz
- Cognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maria Gilles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Sirignano
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Wang Q, Yan G, Hu Y, Ding G, Lai Y. Stress and emotion in a locked campus: the moderating effects of resilience and loneliness. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1168020. [PMID: 38259567 PMCID: PMC10800410 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1168020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic relationship between Chinese students' emotions and stress during a strict lockdown period in a university setting and the context of a global pandemic. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to investigate the moderating role of resilience and loneliness in this relationship. The participants consisted of 112 students. Based on loneliness and resilience measures and the intensive tracking of emotional stress over a 21-day period, the results of data analysis indicated that the students' overall levels of positive emotions were low and relatively independent of negative emotions. Negative emotions were significantly autoregressive and their baseline was closely related to the individual's overall feelings of stress and loneliness levels, fluctuating with feelings of stress. The results confirm the hypothesis that resilience helps to stabilize emotions. Individuals with low resilience may be more emotionally sensitive in confined environments, while receiving social support may help to alleviate low moods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonggu Yan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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16
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Höller I, Spangenberg L. Study protocol for a feasibility study of microinterventions in smartphone-based assessments to reduce depressive rumination. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076031. [PMID: 38135315 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression as well as suicidal ideation and behaviours share several precipitating and maintaining factors and are subject to the influence of overlapping constructs. One of these transdiagnostic constructs is rumination. For the treatment of rumination, a variety of interventions are already available. However, not everyone with a need receives psychotherapeutic treatment. And even if they do: implementing learnt strategies alone at home can be challenging for patients. Therefore, this study aims to test the feasibility of delivering microinterventions for the reduction of rumination in a smartphone-based setting with the goal to make these interventions accessible to a larger number of people and support their use in everyday life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study's design is an uncontrolled-within-group design. Participants with at least mild depressive symptoms and reported rumination will be included and recruited via outpatient clinics as well as in the general population. The aim is to recruit at least N=70 participants. Participants first undergo a short telephone screening, a baseline assessment, a 7-day smartphone-based assessment including microinterventions in case participants report rumination and a postassessment. For feasibility purposes, primary outcomes relate to participants' compliance, their evaluation of the smartphone-based assessment as well as the microinterventions delivered during the assessment. As a secondary goal, clinical utility will be examined. Clinical outcomes (eg, depressive symptoms, rumination) will be measured at baseline and postassessment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ethics committee of the institute of psychology of the university of Duisburg-Essen and University of Leipzig has approved the study. Study results will be disseminated to healthcare communities, in peer-reviewed science journals and at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00031743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Charlotte Fresenius Hochschule, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Elmer T. Computational social science is growing up: why puberty consists of embracing measurement validation, theory development, and open science practices. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2023; 12:58. [PMID: 38098785 PMCID: PMC10716103 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a phase in which individuals often test the boundaries of themselves and surrounding others and further define their identity - and thus their uniqueness compared to other individuals. Similarly, as Computational Social Science (CSS) grows up, it must strike a balance between its own practices and those of neighboring disciplines to achieve scientific rigor and refine its identity. However, there are certain areas within CSS that are reluctant to adopt rigorous scientific practices from other fields, which can be observed through an overreliance on passively collected data (e.g., through digital traces, wearables) without questioning the validity of such data. This paper argues that CSS should embrace the potential of combining both passive and active measurement practices to capitalize on the strengths of each approach, including objectivity and psychological quality. Additionally, the paper suggests that CSS would benefit from integrating practices and knowledge from other established disciplines, such as measurement validation, theoretical embedding, and open science practices. Based on this argument, the paper provides ten recommendations for CSS to mature as an interdisciplinary field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Elmer
- Department of Psychology, Applied Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Capelle JD, Senker K, Fries S, Grund A. Deadlines make you productive, but what do they do to your motivation? Trajectories in quantity and quality of motivation and study activities among university students as exams approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1224533. [PMID: 38115977 PMCID: PMC10728329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1224533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research has emphasized that achievement motivation is context-sensitive and varies within individual students. Ubiquitous temporal landmarks such as exams or deadlines are evident contextual factors that could systematically explain variation in motivation. Indeed, research has consistently found that university students increase their study efforts as exams come closer in time, indicating increasing study motivation. However, changes in study motivation for a specific exam as it comes closer have rarely been investigated. Instead, research on developmental changes in expectancy and value beliefs has consistently founds that achievement motivation declines over a semester. Surprisingly, declining motivation thus apparently coincides with increasing study efforts for end-of-semester exams. Methods The present research investigates this apparent contradiction by assessing how exam-specific motivation and study behavior change under equal methodological conditions as an exam draws closer. Using parallel growth curve models, we examine changes in expectancy-value beliefs, performance approach and avoidance motivation and study behavior as well as motivational want- and should-conflicts among 96 students over eight weekly measurement points. Results and discussion Results show that students study more for their exam as it comes closer and increase their use of surface learning strategies more rapidly than their use of deep learning strategies. However, even exam-specific expectancy and attainment value beliefs decline while performance-avoidance motivation increases over time, indicating that students increasingly study out of fear to fail as exams come closer. Consistent with these findings, students' experience of should conflicts decreases while their want conflicts increase over time. We discuss several possible mechanisms underlying our findings in addition to potential theoretical consequences and suggest future research opportunities to better understand students' changes in situative motivation and study behavior in the context of temporal landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dirk Capelle
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kerstin Senker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fries
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Axel Grund
- Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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19
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Peter HL, Giglberger M, Streit F, Frank J, Kreuzpointner L, Rietschel M, Kudielka BM, Wüst S. Association of polygenic scores for depression and neuroticism with perceived stress in daily life during a long-lasting stress period. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12872. [PMID: 37876358 PMCID: PMC10733580 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute significantly to interindividual differences in the susceptibility to stress-related disorders. As stress can also be conceptualized as environmental exposure, controlled gene-environment interaction (GxE) studies with an in-depth phenotyping may help to unravel mechanisms underlying the interplay between genetic factors and stress. In a prospective-longitudinal quasi-experimental study, we investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for depression (DEP-PGS) and neuroticism (NEU-PGS), respectively, were associated with responses to chronic stress in daily life. We examined law students (n = 432) over 13 months. Participants in the stress group experienced a long-lasting stress phase, namely the preparation for the first state examination for law students. The control group consisted of law students without particular stress exposure. In the present manuscript, we analyzed perceived stress levels assessed at high frequency and in an ecologically valid manner by ambulatory assessments as well as depression symptoms and two parameters of the cortisol awakening response. The latter was only assessed in a subsample (n = 196). No associations between the DEP-PGS and stress-related variables were found. However, for the NEU-PGS we found a significant GxE effect. Only in individuals experiencing academic stress a higher PGS for neuroticism predicted stronger increases of perceived stress levels until the exam. At baseline, a higher NEU-PGS was associated with higher perceived stress levels in both groups. Despite the small sample size, we provide preliminary evidence that the genetic disposition for neuroticism is associated with stress level increases in daily life during a long-lasting stress period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Peter
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | | | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of MannheimMannheimGermany
| | | | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental HealthUniversity of MannheimMannheimGermany
| | | | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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20
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Yee AZH, Yu R, Lim SS, Lim KH, Dinh TTA, Loh L, Hadianto A, Quizon M. ScreenLife Capture: An open-source and user-friendly framework for collecting screenomes from Android smartphones. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:4068-4085. [PMID: 36289177 PMCID: PMC9607811 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-02006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As our interactions with each other become increasingly digitally mediated, there is growing interest in the study of people's digital experiences. To better understand digital experiences, some researchers have proposed the use of screenomes. This involves the collection of sequential high-frequency screenshots which provide detailed objective records of individuals' interaction with screen devices over time. Despite its usefulness, there remains no readily available tool that researchers can use to run their own screenome studies. To fill this gap, we introduce ScreenLife Capture, a user-friendly and open-source software to collect screenomes from smartphones. Using this tool, researchers can set up smartphone screenome studies even with limited programming knowledge and resources. We piloted the tool in an exploratory mixed-method study of 20 college students, collecting over 740,000 screenshots over a 2-week period. We found that smartphone use is highly heterogeneous, characterized by threads of experiences. Using in-depth interviews, we also explored the impact that constant background surveillance of smartphone use had on participants. Participants generally had slight psychological discomfort which fades after a few days, would suspend screen recording for activity perceived to be extremely private, and recounted slight changes in behavior. Implications for future research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z H Yee
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Ryan Yu
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Sun Sun Lim
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Kwan Hui Lim
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Tien Tuan Anh Dinh
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Lionell Loh
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Andre Hadianto
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Miguel Quizon
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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21
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Giglberger M, Peter HL, Henze GI, Kraus E, Bärtl C, Konzok J, Kreuzpointner L, Kirsch P, Kudielka BM, Wüst S. Neural responses to acute stress predict chronic stress perception in daily life over 13 months. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19990. [PMID: 37968323 PMCID: PMC10651906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for the integration of neural, endocrine, and affective stress processing was shown in healthy participants and patients with stress-related disorders. The present manuscript which reports on one study-arm of the LawSTRESS project, aimed at investigating the predictive value of acute stress responses in these regions for biopsychological consequences of chronic stress in daily life. The LawSTRESS project examined law students either in preparation for their first state examination (stress group [SG]) or in the mid-phase of their study program (control group [CG]) over 13 months. Ambulatory assessments comprising perceived stress measurements and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were administered on six sampling points (t1 = - 1 year, t2 = - 3 months, t3 = - 1 week, t4 = exam, t5 = + 1 week, t6 = + 1 month). In a subsample of 124 participants (SG: 61; CG: 63), ScanSTRESS was applied at baseline. In the SG but not in the CG, amygdala, hippocampus, and (post-hoc analyzed) right mPFC activation changes during ScanSTRESS were significantly associated with the trajectory of perceived stress but not with the CAR. Consistent with our finding in the total LawSTRESS sample, a significant increase in perceived stress and a blunted CAR over time could be detected in the SG only. Our findings suggest that more pronounced activation decreases of amygdala, hippocampus, and mPFC in response to acute psychosocial stress at baseline were related to a more pronounced increase of stress in daily life over the following year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giglberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah L Peter
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gina-Isabelle Henze
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kraus
- Department of Psychology, Computational Modeling in Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bärtl
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kreuzpointner
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Kudielka
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Stieger M, Flückiger C, Allemand M. One year later: Longer-term maintenance effects of a digital intervention to change personality traits. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 37929333 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research suggests that personality traits can be changed by psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether these intended personality changes can be maintained or merely reflect ephemeral shifts. METHOD The present study reports 1-year follow-up effects of a 3-month digital intervention for personality trait change. Personality traits were measured before the intervention (pretest: N = 1523), directly after the intervention (posttest: n = 554), and 3 months (follow-up 1: n = 437) and 1 year (follow-up 2: n = 157) after the end of the intervention. RESULTS Attrition analyses suggest that participants who completed the 1-year follow-up were significantly more open to experience (d = 0.19), less neurotic (d = 0.20), more agreeable (d = 0.35) and more conscientious (d = 0.27) than participants who did not complete the 1-year follow-up. Also, until the 1-year follow-up, personality trait changes achieved remained stable (for those who wanted to increase in extraversion and conscientiousness) or even changed further in the desired direction (for those who wanted to decrease in neuroticism). CONCLUSION These results suggest that changes in personality traits due to a targeted intervention are not just ephemeral shifts and can even continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Stieger
- Institute of Communication and Marketing, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Zentralstrasse, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Flückiger
- Institut für Psychologie, University of Kassel, Holländische Straße, Kassel, Germany
| | - Mathias Allemand
- UFSP Dynamik Gesunden Alterns, University of Zurich, Stampfenbachstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Diller SJ, Passmore J. Defining digital coaching: a qualitative inductive approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148243. [PMID: 37868604 PMCID: PMC10588652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'digital coaching' is widely used but ill-defined. The present study therefore investigates how digital coaching is defined and how it differentiates from face-to-face coaching and other digital-technology-enabled (DT-enabled) formats, such as digital training, digital mentoring, or digital consulting. A qualitative inductive approach was chosen for more in-depth and open-minded content. Based on previous studies on the importance of asking coaches working in the field, 260 coaches working in the field of digital coaching were surveyed. The given answers depict the importance of differing between forms of DT-enabled coaching. Thus, digital coaching is a DT-enabled, synchronous conversation between a human coach and a human coachee, which is different to artificial intelligence (AI) coaching and coaching that is supported by asynchronous digital and learning communication technologies. Due to this definition and differentiation, future studies can explore the digital coaching process and its effectiveness - particularly in comparison to other formats. Furthermore, this clear definition enables practitioners to maintain professional standards and manage client's expectations of digital coaching while helping clients understand what to expect from digital coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Diller
- Management Faculty, Private University Seeburg, Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Social Psychology Division, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute of Coaching, McLean and Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Passmore
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Stange JP, Li J, Xu EP, Ye Z, Zapetis SL, Phanord CS, Wu J, Sellery P, Keefe K, Forbes E, Mermelstein RJ, Trull TJ, Langenecker SA. Autonomic complexity dynamically indexes affect regulation in everyday life. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:847-866. [PMID: 37410429 PMCID: PMC10592626 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Affect regulation often is disrupted in depression. Understanding biomarkers of affect regulation in ecologically valid contexts is critical for identifying moments when interventions can be delivered to improve regulation and may have utility for identifying which individuals are vulnerable to psychopathology. Autonomic complexity, which includes linear and nonlinear indices of heart rate variability, has been proposed as a novel marker of neurovisceral integration. However, it is not clear how autonomic complexity tracks with regulation in everyday life, and whether low complexity serves as a marker of related psychopathology. To measure regulation phenotypes with diminished influence of current symptoms, 37 young adults with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and 28 healthy comparisons (HCs) completed ambulatory assessments of autonomic complexity and affect regulation across one week in everyday life. Multilevel models indicated that in HCs, but not rMDD, autonomic complexity fluctuated in response to regulation cues, increasing in response to reappraisal and distraction and decreasing in response to negative affect. Higher complexity across the week predicted greater everyday regulation success, whereas greater variability of complexity predicted lower (and less variable) negative affect, rumination, and mind-wandering. Results suggest that ambulatory assessment of autonomic complexity can passively index dynamic aspects of real-world affect and regulation, and that dynamic physiological reactivity to regulation is restricted in rMDD. These results demonstrate how intensive sampling of dynamic, nonlinear regulatory processes can advance our understanding of potential mechanisms underlying psychopathology. Such measurements might inform how to test interventions to enhance neurovisceral complexity and affect regulation success in real time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Stange
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Ellie P. Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Zihua Ye
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | | | - Jenny Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Pia Sellery
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder
| | - Kaley Keefe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Erika Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
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25
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Nicosia J, Wang B, Aschenbrenner AJ, Sliwinski MJ, Yabiku ST, Roque NA, Germine LT, Bateman RJ, Morris JC, Hassenstab J. To BYOD or not: Are device latencies important for bring-your-own-device (BYOD) smartphone cognitive testing? Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:2800-2812. [PMID: 35953659 PMCID: PMC9918597 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studies using remote cognitive testing must make a critical decision: whether to allow participants to use their own devices or to provide participants with a study-specific device. Bring-your-own-device (BYOD) studies have several advantages including increased accessibility, potential for larger sample sizes, and reduced participant burden. However, BYOD studies offer little control over device performance characteristics that could potentially influence results. In particular, response times measured by each device not only include the participant's true response time, but also latencies of the device itself. The present study investigated two prominent sources of device latencies that pose significant risks to data quality: device display output latency and touchscreen input latency. We comprehensively tested 26 popular smartphones ranging in price from < $100 to $1000+ running either Android or iOS to determine if hardware and operating system differences led to appreciable device latency variability. To accomplish this, a custom-built device called the Latency and Timing Assessment Robot (LaTARbot) measured device display output and capacitive touchscreen input latencies. We found considerable variability across smartphones in display and touch latencies which, if unaccounted for, could be misattributed as individual or group differences in response times. Specifically, total device (sum of display and touch) latencies ranged from 35 to 140 ms. We offer recommendations to researchers to increase the precision of data collection and analysis in the context of remote BYOD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nicosia
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Aschenbrenner
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scott T Yabiku
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nelson A Roque
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Laura T Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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26
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Virues-Ortega J, Pérez-Bustamante Pereira A, Martin N, Moeyaert M, Krause PA, Tarifa-Rodriguez A, Trujillo C, Sivaraman M. Reducing face touching through haptic feedback: A treatment evaluation against fomite-mediated self-infection. J Appl Behav Anal 2023. [PMID: 37179496 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fomite-mediated self-infection via face touching is an understudied transmission pathway for infectious diseases. We evaluated the effect of computer-mediated vibrotactile cues (presented through experimental bracelets located on one or both hands of the participant) on the frequency of face touching among eight healthy adults in the community. We conducted a treatment evaluation totaling over 25,000 min of video observation. The treatment was evaluated through a multiple-treatment design and hierarchical linear modeling. The one-bracelet intervention did not produce significantly lower levels of face touching across both hands, whereas the two-bracelet intervention did result in significantly lower face touching. The effect increased over repeated presentations of the two-bracelet intervention, with the second implementation producing, on average, 31 fewer face-touching percentual points relative to baseline levels. Dependent on the dynamics of fomite-mediated self-infection via face touching, treatment effects could be of public health significance. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Pérez-Bustamante Pereira
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neil Martin
- Behavior Analyst Certification Board, Littleton, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter A Krause
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Channel Islands
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27
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Ben-Dor Cohen M, Maeir A, Eldar E, Nahum M. Everyday Cognitive Control and Emotion Dysregulation in Young Adults With and Without ADHD: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:539-553. [PMID: 36779529 PMCID: PMC9978869 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the contribution of the temporal dynamics of two cognitive control mechanisms-inhibitory control (IC) and working memory (WM)-to emotion dysregulation (ED) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in ecological settings. METHOD One hundred twenty-two participants (age 18-33 years; 60 with ADHD) reported their ED at baseline, followed by a 5-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, with short behavioral IC and WM tasks performed five times/day. RESULTS For IC, mean and lability of performance over EMA significantly accounted for differences in ED but not baseline performance. For WM, both baseline and mean of EMA, but not EMA lability, accounted for ED variance. ADHD status further contributed to the explained variance of ED. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the contribution of dynamic IC processes to ED in ADHD, in addition to WM performance level, and highlight the importance of dynamic and ecological investigation of different cognitive control components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adina Maeir
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Eldar
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Nahum
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel,Mor Nahum, Faculty of Medicine, School of
Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mt Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 9190501,
Israel.
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28
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Sheng R, Yang X, Zhou Y, Liu X, Xu W. COVID-19 and Eating Problems in Daily Life: The Mediating Roles of Stress, Negative Affect and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:34-51. [PMID: 34784823 PMCID: PMC9841454 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211045315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to individuals' mental health. People worldwide are experiencing increased stress, negative affect, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, which may lead to eating problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the perceived severity of COVID-19 on eating problems and the mediating effects of stress/negative affect/posttraumatic stress symptoms both at the personal level and interpersonal level. Methods: During the COVID-19 outbreak, a total of 108 college students were recruited to report their perceived severity of COVID-19, stress, negative affect, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and eating problems three times a day for seven consecutive days using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Results: State perceived severity of COVID-19 predicted fewer subsequent eating problems in daily life at the personal level. Both state negative affect and posttraumatic stress symptoms were positively associated with eating problems in daily life. At the interpersonal level, trait-like perceived severity of COVID-19, stress, negative affect, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were positively associated with overall eating problems. There were no mediating effects of stress/negative affect/posttraumatic stress symptoms on the relations between perceived severity of COVID-19 and eating problems at the personal/interpersonal level. Conclusions: The perceived severity of COVID-19, stress, negative affect, and posttraumatic stress symptoms might increase the risk of eating problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Sheng
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujie Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, 5450Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Elmer T, Lodder G. Modeling social interaction dynamics measured with smartphone sensors: An ambulatory assessment study on social interactions and loneliness. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:654-669. [PMID: 36844896 PMCID: PMC9941651 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221122069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
More and more data are being collected using combined active (e.g., surveys) and passive (e.g., smartphone sensors) ambulatory assessment methods. Fine-grained temporal data, such as smartphone sensor data, allow gaining new insights into the dynamics of social interactions in day-to-day life and how these are associated with psychosocial phenomena - such as loneliness. So far, however, smartphone sensor data have often been aggregated over time, thus, not doing justice to the fine-grained temporality of these data. In this article, we demonstrate how time-stamped sensor data of social interactions can be modeled with multistate survival models. We examine how loneliness is associated with (a) the time between social interaction (i.e., interaction rate) and (b) the duration of social interactions in a student population (Nparticipants = 45, Nobservations = 74,645). Before a 10-week ambulatory assessment phase, participants completed the UCLA loneliness scale, covering subscales on intimate, relational, and collective loneliness. Results from the multistate survival models indicated that loneliness subscales were not significantly associated with differences in social interaction rate and duration - only relational loneliness predicted shorter social interaction encounters. These findings illustrate how the combination of new measurement and modeling methods can advance knowledge on social interaction dynamics in daily life settings and how they relate to psychosocial phenomena such as loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Elmer
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerine Lodder
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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30
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Hawes MT, Olino TM, Klein DN. Do State and Trait Affect Measures Retain Their Measurement Properties during a Disaster? An Investigation of Measurement Invariance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:134-142. [PMID: 35319326 PMCID: PMC9500107 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychologists have begun to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotionality, though such investigations assume that the measurement properties of affect scales have not changed as a function of the pandemic. To our knowledge, no prior study has tested measurement invariance (MI) of an affect scale during a disaster, and very few studies have explored MI of scales administered through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The current study tested invariance of trait and state affect measures across homogenous groups of 18-year-olds assessed prior to and during the first acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Long Island, New York. Trait affect was measured with a single administration of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-Youth Version. State affect was assessed with items developed for the EMA portion of this study, which were administered 5 times daily for 14 consecutive days using a smartphone application. A baseline correlated 2-factor (positive and negative affect) model was fit for both measures. Invariances tests established up to strict MI across pre-/COVID-19 groups for both affect measures. These findings suggest that valid comparisons of observed score means and variances can be made between groups assessed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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31
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Schick A, Rauschenberg C, Ader L, Daemen M, Wieland LM, Paetzold I, Postma MR, Schulte-Strathaus JCC, Reininghaus U. Novel digital methods for gathering intensive time series data in mental health research: scoping review of a rapidly evolving field. Psychol Med 2023; 53:55-65. [PMID: 36377538 PMCID: PMC9874995 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances enable the collection of intensive longitudinal data. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of methods for collecting intensive time series data in mental health research as well as basic principles, current applications, target constructs, and statistical methods for this type of data.In January 2021, the database MEDLINE was searched. Original articles were identified that (1) used active or passive data collection methods to gather intensive longitudinal data in daily life, (2) had a minimum sample size of N ⩾ 100 participants, and (3) included individuals with subclinical or clinical mental health problems.In total, 3799 original articles were identified, of which 174 met inclusion criteria. The most widely used methods were diary techniques (e.g. Experience Sampling Methodology), various types of sensors (e.g. accelerometer), and app usage data. Target constructs included affect, various symptom domains, cognitive processes, sleep, dysfunctional behaviour, physical activity, and social media use. There was strong evidence on feasibility of, and high compliance with, active and passive data collection methods in diverse clinical settings and groups. Study designs, sampling schedules, and measures varied considerably across studies, limiting the generalisability of findings.Gathering intensive longitudinal data has significant potential to advance mental health research. However, more methodological research is required to establish and meet critical quality standards in this rapidly evolving field. Advanced approaches such as digital phenotyping, ecological momentary interventions, and machine-learning methods will be required to efficiently use intensive longitudinal data and deliver personalised digital interventions and services for improving public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rauschenberg
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie Ader
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maud Daemen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lena M. Wieland
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Paetzold
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mary Rose Postma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia C. C. Schulte-Strathaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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32
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Koinis L, Mobbs RJ, Fonseka RD, Natarajan P. A commentary on the potential of smartphones and other wearable devices to be used in the identification and monitoring of mental illness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1420. [PMID: 36660675 PMCID: PMC9843326 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Koinis
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ralph Jasper Mobbs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Dineth Fonseka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia
| | - Pragadesh Natarajan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;,Wearables and Gait Analysis Research Group (WAGAR), Sydney, Australia
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33
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The association between genetic variability in the NPS/NPSR1 system and chronic stress responses: A gene-environment-(quasi-) experiment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 144:105883. [PMID: 35914393 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor (NPSR1) have been implicated in stress regulation and stress-related disorders. The present study aimed at investigating the association between overall genetic variability in the NPS/NPSR1 system and psychological and cortisol stress regulation in everyday life. Our study was conceptualized as a gene-environment-(quasi-) experiment, a design that facilitates the detection of true GxE interactions. As environmental variable, we used the preparation for the first state examination for law students. In the prospective and longitudinal LawSTRESS project, students were examined at six sampling points over a 13-months period. While students who prepared for the exam and experienced long-lasting and significant stress, formed the stress group, law students experiencing usual study-related workload were assigned to the control group. As phenotypes we assessed changes over time in the cortisol awakening response (CAR; n = 176), perceived stress levels (n = 401), and anxiety symptoms (n = 397). The CAR was assessed at each sampling point immediately upon awakening and 30 as well as 45 min later. Perceived stress levels in daily life were measured by repeated ambulatory assessments and anxiety symptoms were repeatedly assessed with the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. With gene-set analyses we examined the joint association of 936 NPS/NPSR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the phenotypes to overcome well known limitations of candidate gene studies. As previously reported, we found a blunted CAR during the exam as well as significant increases in perceived stress levels and anxiety symptoms until the exam in the stress group, compared to the control group. The gene-set analysis did not confirm associations between genetic variability in the NPS/NPSR1 system and changes in perceived stress levels and anxiety symptoms. Regarding the CAR, we found a significant GxE interaction for the area under the curve with respect to the ground (p = .050) and a trend towards a significant effect for the area under the curve with respect to the increase (p = .054). When the analysis was restricted to the SG, associations for both CAR parameters were significant (ps < .050). This finding suggests that the association between genetic variability in the NPS/NPSR1 system and the CAR becomes visible under the environmental condition 'chronic stress exposure'. We conclude that the present study complements findings from animal models and that it provides novel evidence for a modulatory influence of the NPS/NPSR1 system on cortisol regulation in humans.
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34
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Beltz AM. Hormonal contraceptive influences on cognition and psychopathology: Past methods, present inferences, and future directions. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 67:101037. [PMID: 36154817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a remarkable surge in research on the neural and behavioral correlates of hormonal contraceptive use, particularly oral contraceptive use. Questions have evolved swiftly and notably, with studies no longer revealing if hormonal contraceptives matter for the brain and behavior, but rather how, when, and for whom they matter most. Paralleling this shift, the goal of this review is to move beyond an average synthesis of hormonal contraceptive influences on human cognition and psychopathology (and their neural substrates) in order to consider the nature and specificity of effects. Accompanied by an evaluation of study methods and informed by findings from animal models, this consideration uncovers promising areas of research in the next ten years, including potential activational and organizational effects of hormonal contraceptive use, individual differences in effects that matter for the wellbeing of unique individuals, and correlates of intrauterine device use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriene M Beltz
- University of Michigan, 2227 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Abor, MI 48109, USA.
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35
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Koepp AE, Gershoff ET, Castelli DM, Bryan AE. Measuring children's behavioral regulation in the preschool classroom: An objective, sensor-based approach. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13214. [PMID: 34919315 PMCID: PMC9203595 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Children's abilities to regulate their behaviors are critical for learning and development, yet researchers lack an objective, precise method for assessing children's behavioral regulation in their everyday environments such as their classrooms. This study tested a sensor-based approach to assess preschool children's behavioral regulation objectively, precisely, and naturalistically. Children wore accelerometer devices as they engaged in center-based play in their preschool classrooms for roughly 45 min (N = 50 children, 48% female, mean age = 4.5 years). Set to record data each second, these devices collected information about children's movement (N = 140,564 observations). From these data, the authors extracted concrete behaviors hypothesized to index behavioral regulation and compared them with teacher and observer ratings of the same. Initiating movement more frequently, staying seated in activities for shorter amounts of time, and spending a greater amount of time in motion were related to lower ratings of attention and inhibitory control by teachers and by observers of classroom group time, median r = .45, p < .01. These same objectively measured behaviors showed only weak associations with children's performance on assessments of cognitive regulation, median r = .11, p = .47. The findings indicate that ambulatory accelerometers can capture movement-based indicators of children's behavioral regulation in the classroom setting and that performance on measures of cognitive regulation does not strongly predict children's behavior in the classroom. As an unobtrusive and objective measure, actigraphy may become an important tool for studying children's behavioral regulation in everyday contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Koepp
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Gershoff
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Darla M Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amy E Bryan
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA
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36
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Cohen AS, Rodriguez Z, Warren KK, Cowan T, Masucci MD, Edvard Granrud O, Holmlund TB, Chandler C, Foltz PW, Strauss GP. Natural Language Processing and Psychosis: On the Need for Comprehensive Psychometric Evaluation. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:939-948. [PMID: 35738008 PMCID: PMC9434462 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Despite decades of "proof of concept" findings supporting the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in psychosis research, clinical implementation has been slow. One obstacle reflects the lack of comprehensive psychometric evaluation of these measures. There is overwhelming evidence that criterion and content validity can be achieved for many purposes, particularly using machine learning procedures. However, there has been very little evaluation of test-retest reliability, divergent validity (sufficient to address concerns of a "generalized deficit"), and potential biases from demographics and other individual differences. STUDY DESIGN This article highlights these concerns in development of an NLP measure for tracking clinically rated paranoia from video "selfies" recorded from smartphone devices. Patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were recruited and tracked over a week-long epoch. A small NLP-based feature set from 499 language samples were modeled on clinically rated paranoia using regularized regression. STUDY RESULTS While test-retest reliability was high, criterion, and convergent/divergent validity were only achieved when considering moderating variables, notably whether a patient was away from home, around strangers, or alone at the time of the recording. Moreover, there were systematic racial and sex biases in the model, in part, reflecting whether patients submitted videos when they were away from home, around strangers, or alone. CONCLUSIONS Advancing NLP measures for psychosis will require deliberate consideration of test-retest reliability, divergent validity, systematic biases and the potential role of moderators. In our example, a comprehensive psychometric evaluation revealed clear strengths and weaknesses that can be systematically addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University, Center for Computation and Technology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Zachary Rodriguez
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University, Center for Computation and Technology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kiara K Warren
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tovah Cowan
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Michael D Masucci
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ole Edvard Granrud
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Terje B Holmlund
- University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Chelsea Chandler
- University of Colorado, Institute of Cognitive Science, Boulder, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Computer Science, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter W Foltz
- University of Colorado, Institute of Cognitive Science, Boulder, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Computer Science, Boulder, CO, USA
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Brazeau BW, Hodgins DC. User engagement with technology-mediated self-guided interventions for addictions: scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064324. [PMID: 35998968 PMCID: PMC9403117 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Technology-mediated self-guided interventions (TMSGIs) for addictive disorders represent promising adjuncts and alternatives to traditional treatment approaches (eg, face-to-face psychotherapy). However, meaningful evaluation of such interventions remains elusive given the lack of consistent terminology and application. Preliminary findings suggest that TMSGIs are useful but engagement remains modest for various reasons reported by users, including lack of personalisation. The aim of this review is to explore how TMSGIs have been defined and applied in addictions populations with an emphasis on technical and logistical features associated with greater user engagement. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review protocol was developed in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Articles from electronic databases (ie, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and CINAHL) will be included if they targeted adolescents or adults with one or more substance or behavioural addictions, excessive behaviours or aspects thereof (eg, cravings) using a privately accessible technology-mediated intervention. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for relevance before commencing full-text reviews. Extracted data will be presented in descriptive, tabular and graphical summaries as appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics committee approval is not required for this study. Review findings will be used to guide the development of preliminary recommendations for real-time addiction intervention development and provision. Emphasis will be placed on practical considerations of user engagement, accessibility, usability and cost. Knowledge users, including clinicians, researchers and people with lived experience, will be engaged for development of one such intervention following publication of review findings. REGISTRATION This scoping review was registered with the Open Science Framework on 15 April 2022 and can be located at http://www.osf.io/3utp9/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad W Brazeau
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David C Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Giglberger M, Peter HL, Kraus E, Kreuzpointner L, Zänkert S, Henze GI, Bärtl C, Konzok J, Kirsch P, Rietschel M, Kudielka BM, Wüst S. Daily life stress and the cortisol awakening response over a 13-months stress period - Findings from the LawSTRESS project. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105771. [PMID: 35489313 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The LawSTRESS project is a controlled prospective-longitudinal study on psychological, endocrine, central nervous and genetic predictors of responses to long-lasting academic stress in a homogenous cohort. In this first project report, we focused on the association between daily life stress and the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The CAR, a distinct cortisol rise in the first 30-45 min after morning awakening, is a well-established marker of cortisol regulation in psychoneuroendocrinology. Law students from Bavarian universities (total n = 452) have been studied over a 13-months period at six sampling points starting 12 months prior exam. The stress group (SG) consisted of students experiencing a long-lasting and significant stress period, namely the preparation for the first state examination for law students. Law students assigned to the control group (CG) were studied over an equally long period without particular and sustained stress exposure. To investigate stress related alterations in the CAR, we examined a subsample of the LawSTRESS project consisting of 204 students with 97 participants from the SG (69.1% female, mean age = 22.84 ± 1.82) and 107 from the CG (78.5% female, mean age = 20.95 ± 1.93). At each sampling point, saliva samples for cortisol assessment were collected immediately upon awakening and 30 as well as 45 min later. Perceived stress in daily life was measured by repeated ambulatory assessments (about 100 queries over six sampling points). The time course of perceived stress levels in the two groups differed significantly, with the SG showing an increase in perceived stress until the exam and a decrease thereafter. Stress levels in the CG were relatively stable. The CAR was not significantly different between groups at baseline. However, a blunted CAR in the SG compared to the baseline measure and to the CG developed over the measurement timepoints and reached significance during the exam. Remarkably, this effect was neither associated with the increase in perceived stress nor with anxiety and depression symptoms, test anxiety and chronic stress at baseline. The present study successfully assessed multidimensional stress trajectories over 13 months and it documented the significant burden, law students preparing for the first state examination are exposed to. This period was related to a blunted CAR with presumed physiological consequences (e.g., on energy metabolism and immune function). Mean psychological stress levels as well as the CAR returned to baseline levels after the exam, suggesting a fast recovery in the majority of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giglberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah L Peter
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kraus
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Zänkert
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Bärtl
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wüst
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Höller I, Schreiber D, Bos F, Forkmann T, Teismann T, Margraf J. The Mereology of Depression-Networks of Depressive Symptoms during the Course of Psychotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127131. [PMID: 35742380 PMCID: PMC9222343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Research has shown that it is important to examine depressive symptoms in the light of the mereology (the ratio between one symptom and the whole disorder). The goal of this study was to examine changes in the symptom interrelations of patients undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy treatment (CBT) via network analyses. (2) Method: Outpatients with depressive symptoms (N = 401) were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory three times (pretreatment, after 12 sessions, and post-treatment) during CBT. Gaussian graphical models were used to estimate the relationships among symptoms. (3) Results: The severity of depressive symptoms significantly decreased over the course of therapy, but connectivity in the networks significantly increased. Communities of symptoms changed during treatment. The most central and predictable symptom was worthlessness at baseline and after 12 sessions, and loss of energy and self-dislike at post-treatment. (4) Conclusion: The results indicate that the severity of depressive symptoms decreased during cognitive behavior therapy, while network connectivity increased. Furthermore, the associations among symptoms and their centrality changed during the course of therapy. Future studies may investigate individual differences and their impact on the planning of psychotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-183-6117
| | - Dajana Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Fionneke Bos
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Psychiatric Hospital Mental Health Services Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, 9401LA Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; (D.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44787 Bochum, Germany; (T.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44787 Bochum, Germany; (T.T.); (J.M.)
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Lavelle J, Storan D, Eswara Murthy V, De Dominicis N, Mulcahy HE, McHugh L. Brief and Telehealth Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Interventions for Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Series of Single Case Experimental Design (SCED) Studies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2757. [PMID: 35628884 PMCID: PMC9145285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological intervention targeting distress is now considered an integral component of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. However, significant barriers to access exist which necessitate the development of effective, economic, and accessible brief and remote interventions. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a therapy with demonstrated acceptability and a growing evidence base for the treatment of distress in IBD populations. The present paper trialled two brief ACT interventions via randomized multiple baseline designs. Study 1 trialled a single-session ACT intervention (delivered face-to-face and lasting approximately two hours) targeting stress and experiential avoidance, respectively. Participants were seven people with an IBD diagnosis who presented with moderate to extremely severe stress (five females, two males; M age = 39.57, SD = 5.74). The findings of study 1 indicate that a single-session ACT intervention represented an insufficient dosage to reduce stress and experiential avoidance. Study 2 investigated a brief telehealth ACT intervention (delivered via a video conferencing platform and lasting approximately four hours) targeting stress and increased psychological flexibility. Participants (N = 12 people with an IBD diagnosis and mild to extremely severe stress) completed baselines lasting from 21 to 66 days before receiving a two-session ACT telehealth intervention supplemented by a workbook and phone consultation. Approximately half of participants experienced reduced stress, increased engagement in valued action, and increased functioning. Despite shortcomings such as missing data and the context of COVID-19, the present findings suggest that brief ACT interventions in this population may be effective and economic, though further research and replications are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lavelle
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.E.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Darragh Storan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland; (D.S.); (N.D.D.); (H.E.M.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Varsha Eswara Murthy
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.E.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Noemi De Dominicis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland; (D.S.); (N.D.D.); (H.E.M.)
| | - Hugh E. Mulcahy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland; (D.S.); (N.D.D.); (H.E.M.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (V.E.M.); (L.M.)
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Moore MM, Martin EA. Taking Stock and Moving Forward: A Personalized Perspective on Mixed Emotions. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1258-1275. [PMID: 35559728 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211054785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on mixed emotions is flourishing but fractured. Several psychological subfields are working in parallel and separately from other disciplines also studying mixed emotions, which has led to a disorganized literature. In this article, we provide an overview of the literature on mixed emotions and discuss factors contributing to the lack of integration within and between fields. We present an organizing framework for the literature of mixed emotions on the basis of two distinct goals: solving the bipolar-bivariate debate and understanding the subjective experience of mixed emotions. We also present a personalized perspective that can be used when studying the subjective experience of mixed emotions. We emphasize the importance of assessing both state and trait emotions (e.g., momentary emotions, general levels of affect) alongside state and trait context (e.g., physical location, culture). We discuss three methodological approaches that we believe will be valuable in building a new mixed-emotions literature-inductive research methods, idiographic models of emotional experiences, and empirical assessment of emotion-eliciting contexts. We include recommendations throughout on applying these methods to research on mixed emotions, and we conclude with avenues for future interdisciplinary research. We hope that this perspective will foster research that results in the organized accumulation of knowledge about mixed emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody M Moore
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University
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Kivelä L, van der Does WAJ, Riese H, Antypa N. Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:876595. [PMID: 35601888 PMCID: PMC9120419 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.876595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide and suicide-related behaviors are prevalent yet notoriously difficult to predict. Specifically, short-term predictors and correlates of suicide risk remain largely unknown. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may be used to assess how suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) unfold in real-world contexts. We conducted a systematic literature review of EMA studies in suicide research to assess (1) how EMA has been utilized in the study of STBs (i.e., methodology, findings), and (2) the feasibility, validity and safety of EMA in the study of STBs. We identified 45 articles, detailing 23 studies. Studies mainly focused on examining how known longitudinal predictors of suicidal ideation perform within shorter (hourly, daily) time frames. Recent studies have explored the prospects of digital phenotyping of individuals with suicidal ideation. The results indicate that suicidal ideation fluctuates substantially over time (hours, days), and that individuals with higher mean ideation also have more fluctuations. Higher suicidal ideation instability may represent a phenotypic indicator for increased suicide risk. Few studies succeeded in establishing prospective predictors of suicidal ideation beyond prior ideation itself. Some studies show negative affect, hopelessness and burdensomeness to predict increased ideation within-day, and sleep characteristics to impact next-day ideation. The feasibility of EMA is encouraging: agreement to participate in EMA research was moderate to high (median = 77%), and compliance rates similar to those in other clinical samples (median response rate = 70%). More individuals reported suicidal ideation through EMA than traditional (retrospective) self-report measures. Regarding safety, no evidence was found of systematic reactivity of mood or suicidal ideation to repeated assessments of STBs. In conclusion, suicidal ideation can fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, and EMA is a suitable method for capturing these fluctuations. Some specific predictors of subsequent ideation have been identified, but these findings warrant further replication. While repeated EMA assessments do not appear to result in systematic reactivity in STBs, participant burden and safety remains a consideration when studying high-risk populations. Considerations for designing and reporting on EMA studies in suicide research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liia Kivelä
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. J. van der Does
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Treatment Center LUBEC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, The Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Niki Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Hart A, Reis D, Prestele E, Jacobson NC. Using Smartphone Sensor Paradata and Personalized Machine Learning Models to Infer Participants' Well-being: Ecological Momentary Assessment. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e34015. [PMID: 35482397 PMCID: PMC9100543 DOI: 10.2196/34015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensors embedded in smartphones allow for the passive momentary quantification of people’s states in the context of their daily lives in real time. Such data could be useful for alleviating the burden of ecological momentary assessments and increasing utility in clinical assessments. Despite existing research on using passive sensor data to assess participants’ moment-to-moment states and activity levels, only limited research has investigated temporally linking sensor assessment and self-reported assessment to further integrate the 2 methodologies. Objective We investigated whether sparse movement-related sensor data can be used to train machine learning models that are able to infer states of individuals’ work-related rumination, fatigue, mood, arousal, life engagement, and sleep quality. Sensor data were only collected while the participants filled out the questionnaires on their smartphones. Methods We trained personalized machine learning models on data from employees (N=158) who participated in a 3-week ecological momentary assessment study. Results The results suggested that passive smartphone sensor data paired with personalized machine learning models can be used to infer individuals’ self-reported states at later measurement occasions. The mean R2 was approximately 0.31 (SD 0.29), and more than half of the participants (119/158, 75.3%) had an R2 of ≥0.18. Accuracy was only slightly attenuated compared with earlier studies and ranged from 38.41% to 51.38%. Conclusions Personalized machine learning models and temporally linked passive sensing data have the capability to infer a sizable proportion of variance in individuals’ daily self-reported states. Further research is needed to investigate factors that affect the accuracy and reliability of the inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hart
- Research Group Applied Statistical Modeling, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dorota Reis
- Research Group Applied Statistical Modeling, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Prestele
- Research Group Diagnostics, Differential and Personality Psychology, Methods and Evaluation, Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Departments of Biomedical Data Science and Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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44
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Reply to Blatt. Pain 2022; 163:e609-e611. [PMID: 35302981 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Blauth L, Oldfield A. Research into increasing resilience in children with autism through music therapy: Statistical analysis of video data. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2044893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blauth
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Music Therapy Lab, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amelia Oldfield
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Semborski S, Henwood B, Redline B, Dzubur E, Mason T, Intille S. Feasibility and Acceptability of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Young Adults Who Are Currently or Were Formerly Homeless: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33387. [PMID: 35333187 PMCID: PMC8994151 DOI: 10.2196/33387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used with young people experiencing homelessness to gather information on contexts associated with homelessness and risk behavior in real time and has proven feasible in this population. However, the extent to which EMA may affect the attitudes or behaviors of young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless and are residing in supportive housing has not been well investigated. Objective This study aims to describe the feedback regarding EMA study participation from young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless and examine the reactivity to EMA participation and compliance. Methods This mixed methods study used cross-sectional data collected before and after EMA, intensive longitudinal data from a 7-day EMA prompting period, and focus groups of young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless in Los Angeles, California, between 2017 and 2019. Results Qualitative data confirmed the quantitative findings. Differences in the experience of EMA between young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless were found to be related to stress or anxiety, interference with daily life, difficulty charging, behavior change, and honesty in responses. Anxiety and depression symptomatology decreased from before to after EMA; however, compliance was not significantly associated with this decrease. Conclusions The results point to special considerations when administering EMA to young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless. EMA appears to be slightly more burdensome for young adults who are currently homeless than for those residing in supportive housing, which are nuances to consider in the study design. The lack of a relationship between study compliance and symptomatology suggests low levels of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Semborski
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Henwood
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Redline
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Intille
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Tieks A, Oude Voshaar RC, Zuidersma M. Daily associations between affect and cognitive performance in older adults with depression and cognitive impairment: a series of seven single-subject studies in the Netherlands. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35177005 PMCID: PMC8851709 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comorbidity between depression and cognitive impairment is common in older adults, increases the disease burden disproportionally, and leads to diagnostic uncertainty. Insight into individual daily associations between affect and cognitive performance may help in personalizing diagnosis and treatment decisions. Our objective was to get insight into the daily associations between affect and cognitive performance within individual older adults. Methods In this single-subject study seven older adults with both depression and cognitive impairment filled in electronic diaries daily for 62-93 consecutive days evaluating positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), working memory (WM) and visual learning (VL). Time-series analyses using vector autoregressive modelling, Granger causality tests and cumulative orthogonalized impulse response function analyses were performed for each individual separately. Results In one patient higher NA was associated with better WM the next day. For another patient days with higher NA and lower PA were days with worse WM. For a third patient better VL was associated with lower NA and higher PA the next day. No associations were found for four patients. Conclusions These results highlight heterogeneity in the daily associations between affect and cognitive performance and stress the relevance of single-subject studies. These studies may be an important step towards personalized diagnosis and treatment in old age psychiatry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02797-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieke Tieks
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marij Zuidersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, HPC CC72, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Koudela-Hamila S, Santangelo PS, Ebner-Priemer UW, Schlotz W. Under Which Circumstances Does Academic Workload Lead to Stress? J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Academic stress is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes, including detrimental effects on mental health, achievement, and well-being. Numerous studies have shown an association between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and various health and risk factors. Some studies revealed a protective function of the CAR as a stress buffer preventing the stress system from overshooting. We investigated the moderating effect of the CAR on the within-subject association between academic workload and academic stress in participants’ daily lives using ambulatory assessment. We assessed 77 undergraduate university participants for 2 days at the beginning of the semester and approximately 3 months later, individually starting one week before an exam. Participants provided academic stress and academic workload ratings hourly during their waking time using smartphone-based e-diaries and salivary cortisol samples at awakening as well as 30, 45, and 60 min later on two consecutive days during each of the assessment waves. Average within-subject associations between academic workload and academic stress were analyzed using multilevel models. Interactions with indicators of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were included to test moderating effects of the CAR on the workload-stress associations. There was a significant positive within-subject association between academic workload and academic stress. Significant cross-level interactions showed a moderating effect of the CAR on this association. The results point out the importance of the CAR in the regulation of the workload-stress associations in academic life and underscore the relevance of investigating the influence of specific stressor-dependent reciprocal effects of the CAR on learning and experienced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Koudela-Hamila
- Department of Applied Psychology, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philip S. Santangelo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Applied Psychology, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolff Schlotz
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Höller I, Rath D, Teismann T, Glaesmer H, Lucht L, Paashaus L, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Forkmann T. Defeat, entrapment, and suicidal ideation: Twelve-month trajectories. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:69-82. [PMID: 34142739 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defeat and entrapment have been highlighted in the development of suicidal ideation within the Integrated Motivational-Volitional model of suicidal behavior. Research suggests that entrapment has to be differentiated into internal and external entrapment. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between defeat, internal, external entrapment, and suicidal ideation within and prospectively over measurements. METHODS A sample of 308 psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.92, SD = 14.30) was assessed for the four constructs after admission to a psychiatric ward and six, nine, and twelve months later. Multilevel analyses were conducted to examine associations. RESULTS Defeat was associated with (a change in) internal and external entrapment. Defeat predicted a change in internal entrapment over time. Defeat and internal, but not external, entrapment were associated with (a change in) suicidal ideation. Internal entrapment was able to predict suicidal ideation. Internal entrapment and defeat predicted a change in suicidal ideation over time. CONCLUSION Results highlight the importance to distinguish between internal and external entrapment, and their specific association with suicidal ideation. Perceptions of internal entrapment are of central relevance when experiencing suicidal ideation and should be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Lucht
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
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Crawford JL, English T, Braver TS. Incorporating ecological momentary assessment into multimethod investigations of cognitive aging: Promise and practical considerations. Psychol Aging 2022; 37:84-96. [PMID: 35113616 PMCID: PMC8860503 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) represents a promising approach to study cognitive aging. In contrast to laboratory-based studies, EMA involves the repeated sampling of experiences in daily life contexts, enabling investigators to gain access to dynamic processes (e.g., situational contexts, intraindividual variability) that are likely to strongly contribute to aging and age-related change across the adult life-span. As such, EMA approaches complement the prevailing research methods in the field of cognitive aging (e.g., laboratory-based paradigms, neuroimaging), while also providing the opportunity to replicate and extend findings from the laboratory in more naturalistic contexts. Following an overview of the methodological and conceptual strengths of EMA approaches in cognitive aging research, we discuss best practices for researchers interested in implementing EMA studies. A key goal is to highlight the tremendous potential for combining EMA methods with other laboratory-based approaches, in order to increase the robustness, replicability, and real-world implications of research findings in the field of cognitive aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tammy English
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University
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