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Çevik-Aras H, Musa S, Olofsson R, Almståhl A, Almhöjd U. Patients with oral lichen planus display lower levels of salivary acidic glycoproteins than individuals without oral mucosal disease. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:2. [PMID: 38114810 PMCID: PMC10730629 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary proteins, acidic glycoproteins, and free calcium might take part in oral mucosal defence against inflammation in oral lichen planus (OLP). The study aimed to investigate whether the levels of sulfated and sialylated glycoproteins, total protein, and free calcium in saliva from patients with OLP differ from those of individuals without oral mucosal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with OLP (n = 25) and two control groups without any oral mucosal disease; age- and gender-matched controls (n = 25, 65.6 ± 2.9 years), and younger controls (n = 25, 41.8 ± 2.5 years) were included. Subjective dry mouth (xerostomia) was assessed by asking a single-item question. Chew-stimulated whole saliva was collected to measure sulfated and sialylated glycoproteins by the Alcian Blue method. The total protein was determined spectrophotometrically, and the free calcium measured using an electrode. RESULTS The output of salivary sulfated and sialylated glycoproteins in the OLP group (21.8 ± 2.4 µg/min) was lower than in the age- and gender-matched controls (43.0 ± 2.9 µg/min, p = 0.0002), whereas the total protein and calcium output did not differ between the three groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of xerostomia was significantly higher in the OLP group compared to both control groups (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Patients with OLP showed a high prevalence of xerostomia and lower levels of salivary acidic type glycoproteins compared to the individuals without oral mucosa disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is relevant to investigate the role of acidic glycoproteins in the pathogenesis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Çevik-Aras
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Specialist Clinic for Orofacial Medicine, Northern Älvsborg County Hospital, Public Dental Service, Trollhättan, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.
| | - Shehed Musa
- Public Dental Service, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Richard Olofsson
- Specialist Clinic for Orofacial Medicine, Public Dental Service, Uddevalla-Trollhättan, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Annica Almståhl
- Section 4, -Oral Health, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Almhöjd
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Rebouças CEV, Diniz JARA, de Sousa ACFC, de Oliveira REM, de Moura CEB, Guerra RR, Pereira AF, de Assis Neto AC, de Oliveira MF. Morphology of the major salivary glands of Spix's
Yellow‐Toothed
Cavys (
Galea spixii
Wagler
, 1831). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Vale Rebouças
- Applied Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - João Augusto Rodrigues Alves Diniz
- Applied Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
| | | | - Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira
- Applied Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Ricardo Romão Guerra
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences Universidade Federal da Paraíba Areia PB Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Antônio Chaves de Assis Neto
- Department of Surgery, Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Sector, School of Veterinary Medicine Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Applied Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Animal Sciences Universidade Federal Rural do Semi‐Árido Mossoró RN Brazil
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3
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Aldulaijan HA, Al-Zawawi AS, Shaheen MY, Ali D, Divakar DD, Basudan AM. Assessment of salivary alpha amylase and mucin-4 before and after non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:30. [PMID: 35834021 PMCID: PMC9283593 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was based on the null hypothesis that there is no difference in clinicoradiographic parameters and whole salivary alpha amylase (AA) and mucin-4 levels before and after non-surgical mechanical debridement (NSMD) of patients with peri-implant mucositis (PM). The aim was to assess whole salivary AA and mucin-4 levels before and after treatment of PM. METHODS Patients with PM (Group-1) and individuals without peri-implant diseases (Group-2) were included. Demographic data was collected and peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices (mPI and mBI, respectively), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss were measured at baseline. Levels of AA and mucin-4 were assessed in unstimulated whole saliva samples. All patients underwent full-mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and NSMD; and clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were re-assessed after 3 months. Level of significance was set at P < 0.01. RESULTS Twenty-six and 32 individuals were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. None of the participants had periodontitis. At baseline clinical periodontal parameters (PI [P < 0.001], GI [P < 0.001], clinical AL [P < 0.001] and PD [P < 0.001]) were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2. At 3-month follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in clinical periodontal and peri-implant parameters (PI [P < 0.01], GI [P < 0.01], and PD [P < 0.01]) in Group-1 compared with their baseline values. At baseline, salivary AA levels were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2 (P < 0.01). At 3-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in whole salivary AA levels among patients in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS The AA and mucin-4 levels are potential biomarkers for evaluation of peri-implant diseases including PM. Mechanical instrumentation continues to be the most predictable treatment option for the management of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer A Aldulaijan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer S Al-Zawawi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Y Shaheen
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dena Ali
- Department of General Dental Practice, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, 577204, Karnataka, India.,Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Amani M Basudan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Optimizing Soluble Cues for Salivary Gland Tissue Mimetics Using a Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121962. [PMID: 35741092 PMCID: PMC9222211 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapies to prevent or treat salivary gland dysfunction has been limited by a lack of functional in vitro models. Specifically, critical markers of salivary gland secretory phenotype downregulate rapidly ex vivo. Here, we utilize a salivary gland tissue chip model to conduct a design of experiments (DoE) approach to test combinations of seven soluble cues that were previously shown to maintain or improve salivary gland cell function. This approach uses statistical techniques to improve efficiency and accuracy of combinations of factors. The DoE-designed culture conditions improve markers of salivary gland function. Data show that the EGFR inhibitor, EKI-785, maintains relative mRNA expression of Mist1, a key acinar cell transcription factor, while FGF10 and neurturin promote mRNA expression of Aqp5 and Tmem16a, channel proteins involved in secretion. Mist1 mRNA expression correlates with increased secretory function, including calcium signaling and mucin (PAS-AB) staining. Overall, this study demonstrates that media conditions can be efficiently optimized to support secretory function in vitro using a DoE approach.
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Steenbakkers RJHM, van Rijn-Dekker MI, Stokman MA, Kierkels RGJ, van der Schaaf A, van den Hoek JGM, Bijl HP, Kramer MCA, Coppes RP, Langendijk JA, van Luijk P. Parotid Gland Stem Cell Sparing Radiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:306-316. [PMID: 34563635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer frequently leads to salivary gland damage and subsequent xerostomia. The radiation response of the parotid glands of rats, mice, and patients critically depends on dose to parotid gland stem cells, mainly located in the gland's main ducts (stem cell rich [SCR] region). Therefore, this double-blind randomized controlled trial aimed to test the hypothesis that parotid gland stem cell sparing radiation therapy preserves parotid gland function better than currently used whole parotid gland sparing radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with head and neck cancer (n = 102) treated with definitive radiation therapy were randomized between standard parotid-sparing and stem cell sparing (SCS) techniques. The primary endpoint was >75% reduction in parotid gland saliva production compared with pretreatment production (FLOW12M). Secondary endpoints were several aspects of xerostomia 12 months after treatment. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were assigned to the standard arm and 48 to the SCS arm. Only dose to the SCR regions (contralateral 16 and 11 Gy [P = .004] and ipsilateral 26 and 16 Gy [P = .001] in the standard and SCS arm, respectively) and pretreatment patient-rated daytime xerostomia (35% and 13% [P = .01] in the standard and SCS arm, respectively) differed significantly between the arms. In the SCS arm, 1 patient (2.8%) experienced FLOW12M compared with 2 (4.9%) in the standard arm (P = 1.00). However, a trend toward better relative parotid gland salivary function in favor of SCS radiation therapy was shown. Moreover, multivariable analysis showed that mean contralateral SCR region dose was the strongest dosimetric predictor for moderate-to-severe patient-rated daytime xerostomia and grade ≥2 physician-rated xerostomia, the latter including reported alteration in diet. CONCLUSIONS No significantly better parotid function was observed in SCS radiation therapy. However, additional multivariable analysis showed that dose to the SCR region was more predictive of the development of parotid gland function-related xerostomia endpoints than dose to the entire parotid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel J H M Steenbakkers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria I van Rijn-Dekker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A Stokman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G J Kierkels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapiegroep, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen van der Schaaf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna G M van den Hoek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik P Bijl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C A Kramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cell and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Al-Serwi RH, El-Sherbiny M, Eladl MA, Aloyouny A, Rahman I. Protective effect of nano vitamin D against fatty degeneration in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: A histological and ultrastructural study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06932. [PMID: 33997429 PMCID: PMC8102766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor nutritional habits and a low level of physical activity are associated with obesity, leading to increased caloric and fat intakes. A high-fat diet can significantly impact oral health through the accumulation of lipids in the salivary glands, which ultimately affect salivary gland function. Recently, an increasing number of supplement nano-formulations, such as nano vitamin D, have become available. However, only few studies have explored the effects of nano vitamin D on the maintenance of oral health. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the histological effects of nano vitamin D to those of regular vitamin D on fatty degeneration in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands using a rat model. METHODS Twenty-four adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: untreated group, high-fat diet group, high-fat diet and regular vitamin D group, and high-fat diet and nano vitamin group.Thereafter, samples of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands were dissected for histological and electron microscopic studies. Morphometric digital image analysis was used to quantitatively measure the changes in the size and number of acini and secretory granules. RESULTS Regular vitamin D had a partial protective effect. However, vitamin D could fully restore cellular structures to their normal state, thereby protecting against fatty degeneration of the salivary tissue and immune cell infiltration, particularly in the submandibular serous tissue. Nano vitamin D was more efficacious than regular vitamin D at restoring the number and size of submandibular serous secretory granules. CONCLUSION Employing nano vitamin D as a supplement to high-fat diets could protect against high-fat diet-induced salivary gland damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwag Aloyouny
- Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Teixeira H, Branco AC, Rodrigues I, Silva D, Cardoso S, Colaço R, Serro AP, Figueiredo-Pina CG. Effect of albumin, urea, lysozyme and mucin on the triboactivity of Ti6Al4V/zirconia pair used in dental implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104451. [PMID: 33730640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The titanium implant/zirconia abutment interface can suffer failure upon mechanical and biological issues, ultimately leading to the loss of the artificial tooth. The study of the effect of the organic compounds present in saliva on the tribological behavior of these systems is of utmost importance to understand the failure mechanisms and better mimic the in vivo conditions. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of the addition of albumin, urea, lysozyme and mucin to artificial saliva, on the triboactivity of Ti6Al4V/zirconia pair commonly used in dental implants and then, compare the results with those obtained with human saliva. The solutions' viscosity was measured and the adsorption of the different biomolecules to both Ti6Al4V and zirconia was accessed. Tribological tests were performed using Ti6Al4V balls sliding on zirconia plates inside of a corrosion cell. Friction and wear coefficients were determined, and the open circuit potential (OCP) was monitored during the tests. Also, the wear mechanisms were identified. The presence of mucin in the artificial lubricant led to the lowest wear coefficients. The main wear mechanism was abrasion, independently of the used lubricant. Adhesive wear was observed for the systems without mucin. Tribocorrosion activity and wear coefficient were lower in the presence of mucin. None of the studied artificial lubricants mimicked the effect of human saliva (HS) on the tribological behavior of the studied pair since this lubricant led to the lowest friction coefficient and highest corrosion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Teixeira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - A C Branco
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - I Rodrigues
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Cardoso
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Colaço
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC), Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A P Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - C G Figueiredo-Pina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal; Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zuanazzi D, Xiao Y, Siqueira WL. Evaluating protein binding specificity of titanium surfaces through mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2281-2296. [PMID: 32870391 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether surface characteristics of different titanium modifications may influence the composition of the salivary pellicle on each surface by analyzing the salivary proteome through mass spectrometry-based proteomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium discs with three surfaces modifications (PT (machined titanium), SLA (sandblasted/large-grit/acid-etched), and SLActive (modified SLA)) were characterized (topography, chemistry, and energy) prior to being exposed to saliva for 2 h to form a protein pellicle. The resultant protein layer was retrieved and analyzed through mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS) to examine the surface specificity for protein binding, while the proteome profile of each surface was classified. RESULTS The proteome analysis showed that the salivary pellicle composition was more complex on rough surfaces (SLA and SLActive). Although variability in protein composition was observed between surfaces, most proteins were detected on more than one surface, indicating a limited surface specificity for protein binding. Additionally, the salivary pellicle formed on the SLActive presented a larger number of proteins associated with immune response, biological adhesion, and biomineralization. CONCLUSIONS Although topography, chemistry, and energy differed between the surfaces, they were not determinant to produce a salivary pellicle with high surface specificity. Also, we showed that several salivary proteins adsorbed on Ti surfaces are involved in biological functions important to the biointegration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study sheds light on the necessity for the development of bioactive surfaces that favors the formation of a specific protein layer that can enhance tissue response to assist the biointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zuanazzi
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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10
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Acharya S, Jin C, Bylund J, Shen Q, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Jontell M, Carlén A, Karlsson NG. Reduced sialyl-Lewis x on salivary MUC7 from patients with burning mouth syndrome. Mol Omics 2019; 15:331-339. [PMID: 31414088 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We analysed and compared MUC7 O-glycosylation and inflammatory biomarkers in saliva from female patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and gender/age-matched controls. Oligosaccharides from salivary MUC7 from BMS and controls were released. Inflammatory mediators were measured by multiplex proximity extension assay. Presence of sialyl-Lewisx (Si-Lex) epitope on MUC7 was confirmed using Western blot. MUC7 O-glycans and measured inflammatory biomarkers were found to be similar between BMS and controls. However, oligosaccharides sialyl-Lewisx (Si-Lex) was found to be reduced in samples from BMS patients. Positive correlation (combined patients and controls) was found between levels of C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL-19) and the amount of core-2 oligosaccharides on MUC7 as well as fractalkine (CX3CL1) and level of sialylation. Patients with BMS were shown to represent a heterogeneous group in terms of inflammatory biomarkers. This indicates that BMS patients could be further stratified on the basis of low-level inflammation. The results furthermore indicate that reduced sialylation of MUC7, particularly Si-Lex, may be an important feature in patients with BMS. However, the functional aspects and potential involvement in immune regulation of Si-Lex remains unclear. Our data suggests a chemokine driven alteration of MUC7 glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Acharya
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Aybeke EN, Ployon S, Brulé M, De Fonseca B, Bourillot E, Morzel M, Lesniewska E, Canon F. Nanoscale Mapping of the Physical Surface Properties of Human Buccal Cells and Changes Induced by Saliva. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12647-12655. [PMID: 31448614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal pellicle, also called salivary pellicle, is a thin biological layer made of salivary and epithelial constituents, lining oral mucosae. It contributes to their protection against microbiological, chemical, or mechanical insults. Pellicle formation depends on the cells' surface properties, and in turn the pellicle deeply modifies such properties. It has been reported that the expression of the transmembrane mucin MUC1 in oral epithelial cells improves the formation of the mucosal pellicle. Here, we describe an approach combining classical and functionalized tip atomic force microscopy and scanning microwave microscopy to characterize how MUC1 induces changes in buccal cells' morphology, hydrophobicity, and electric properties to elucidate the physicochemical mechanisms involved in the enhancement of the anchoring of salivary proteins. We show that MUC1 expression did not modify drastically the morphology of the epithelial cells' surface. MUC1 expression, however, resulted in the presence of more hydrophobic and more charged areas at the cell surface. The presence of salivary proteins decreased the highest attractive and repulsive forces recorded between the cell surface and a functionalized hydrophobic atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip, suggesting that the most hydrophobic and charged areas participate in the binding of salivary proteins. The cells' dielectric properties were altered by both MUC1 expression and the presence of a mucosal pellicle. We finally show that in the absence of MUC1, the pellicle appeared as a distinct layer poorly interacting with the cells' surface. This integrative AFM/scanning microwave microscopy approach may usefully describe the surface properties of various cell types, with relevance to the bioadhesion or biomimetics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Neslihan Aybeke
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Sarah Ployon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Marine Brulé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Brice De Fonseca
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21078 , France
| | - Eric Bourillot
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21078 , France
| | - Martine Morzel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Eric Lesniewska
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21078 , France
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
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12
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Mourshed B, Qaed NM, Al-Shamiri HM, Alaizari N, Alhamdah SS, Alfaqih A. The effect of environment (Dry and Natural Saliva) on clasp retention: In vitro study - Part I. Eur J Dent 2019; 11:352-356. [PMID: 28932146 PMCID: PMC5594965 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_158_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of environments (dry and wet) to dislodge the clasp. Materials and Methods: Mandibular test models with natural premolar and molar teeth were used to test four types of clasp (each 12) (Akers, rest plate Akers [RPA], half and half [H-H], and ring clasp) in dry and natural fresh saliva environments. Each clasp was pulled out 10 times with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min and the force required to withdraw each was measured. Statistical Analysis Used: A paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test were used. Results: There were significant differences between the dry and wet (natural fresh saliva) environment. However, while the mean of the environment for RPA and ring clasp type was significantly different, the H-H and Akers clasp type was not. Conclusion: The environment has an effect on dislodging the clasp but differs according to the type of clasp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Mourshed
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nader Alaizari
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Cross BW, Ruhl S. Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:19-33. [PMID: 30274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Cross
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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15
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Acharya S, Hägglin C, Jontell M, Wenneberg B, Ekström J, Carlén A. Saliva on the oral mucosa and whole saliva in women diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1468-1476. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Acharya
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Catharina Hägglin
- Department of Behavioural and Community Dentistry; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre of Gerodontology; Public Dental Service; Västra Götaland Sweden
| | - Mats Jontell
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bengt Wenneberg
- Department of Orofacial Pain; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anette Carlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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16
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Bader M, Dunkel A, Wenning M, Kohler B, Medard G, Del Castillo E, Gholami A, Kuster B, Scherer S, Hofmann T. Dynamic Proteome Alteration and Functional Modulation of Human Saliva Induced by Dietary Chemosensory Stimuli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5621-5634. [PMID: 29787679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Saliva flow measurements and SDS-PAGE separation of human whole saliva freshly collected after oral stimulation with citric acid (sour), aspartame (sweet), iso-α-acids (bitter), mono sodium l-glutamate (umami), NaCl (salty), 6-gingerol (pungent), hydroxy-α-sanshool (tingling), and hydroxy-β-sanshool (numbing), followed by tryptic digestion, nano-HPLC-MS/MS, and label-free protein quantitation demonstrated a stimulus- and time-dependent influence of the dietary chemosensates on salivation and the salivary proteome composition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed evidence for stimulus-induced alterations of the saliva proteome to boot an efficient molecular defense network of the oral cavity, e.g., 6-gingerol increased salivary lactoperoxidase activity, catalyzing the oxidation of thiocyanate to produce the antimicrobial and antifungal hypothiocyanate, from 0.37 ± 0.02 to 0.91 ± 0.05 mU/mL 45 s after stimulation. In comparison, oral citric acid stimulation induced an increase of myeloperoxidase activity, catalyzing the chloride oxidation to generate antimicrobial hypochloride in saliva, from 0.24 ± 0.04 to 0.70 ± 0.1 mU/mL as well as an increase of salivary levels of lysozyme, exhibiting antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacteria, from 6.0-10 to 100-150 μg/mL. Finally, microbial growth experiments clearly demonstrated for the first time that the increase of the salivary lysozyme abundance upon oral citric acid stimulation translates into an enhanced biological function, that is an almost complete growth inhibition of the two lysozyme-sensitive Gram-positive bacteria tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bader
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Mareike Wenning
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
| | - Bernd Kohler
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
| | - Guillaume Medard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Estela Del Castillo
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Amin Gholami
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biosciences, WZW , Technische Universität München , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology , Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
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17
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Effect of Storage Medium and Aging Duration on Mechanical Properties of Self-Adhesive Resin-Based Cements. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e206-e214. [PMID: 28574094 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of storage medium and aging duration on Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) of self-adhesive resin-based cements (SARCs). Methods A total of 416 discs were fabricated from 8 SARCs (n = 52 per SARC): (i) BeautyCem (BEA), (ii) Bifix SE (BIF), (iii) Clearfil SA Cement Automix (CLE), (iv) RelyX Unicem2 Automix (RXU), (v) SeT (SET), (vi) SmartCem 2 (SMC), (vii) SoloCem (SOC) and (viii) SpeedCEM (SPC). The specimens were ground and stored in (a) physiological saliva, (b) artificial saliva, (c) sodium chloride and (d) distilled water, at 37°C for 1, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 days. Non-aged specimens (3 hours after photo-initiation) of each SARC acted as control groups. HM and EIT were assessed using a universal hardness testing machine. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests and paired t-test, and 3-, 2- and 1-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffé test (p<0.05). Results SARC materials exerted the highest influence on HM and EIT values (p<0.001, partial eta squared [ηP²] = 0.753 and 0.433, respectively), closely followed by aging duration (p<0.001, ηP² = 0.516 and 0.255) and storage medium (p<0.001, ηP² = 0.043 and 0.033). The interaction effect of the combinations of the 3 independent parameters was also significant (p<0.001, ηP² = 0.163 and 0.133). The lowest initial HM and EIT was presented by CLE, followed by SET and SPC; highest HM was for BIF, followed by RXU and SMC. SET gave a greater HM and EIT percentage decrease than SOC, SPC, BEA, SMC, RXU or CLE. Conclusions Aging duration is a major factor affecting the micromechanical properties of SARCs, while storage medium was shown to have a significant but minor role.
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18
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Demirhan H, Yıldız M, Çelebi ÖÖ, Baz Ş, İnal BB, Yiğit Ö. The Role of Fetuin-A and Electrolytes in the Etiology of Sialolithiasis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:840-843. [PMID: 28457217 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817697045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate serum and saliva fetuin-A, protein, and electrolyte levels in patients with sialolithiasis. Study Design Prospective randomized controlled study. Setting Tertiary center. Subjects and Methods Twenty patients with recurrent sialadenitis secondary to submandibular salivary gland stones and 20 asymptomatic healthy volunteers without salivary gland stones were included in the study. Bimanual palpation and ultrasonography were performed in the patient and control groups. The electrolyte, protein, and fetuin-A levels of the serum and saliva were measured. Results The serum calcium, phosphorus, and potassium levels of the patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (respectively, P = .04, P = .01, P = .04). There was no statistically significant difference between the serum fetuin-A levels of the 2 groups ( P = .06). The saliva phosphorus values of the patients were higher than those of the control group ( P = .05), as were their saliva fetuin-A and total protein values ( P = .001, P = .01). A positive correlation was determined between the saliva fetuin-A levels and the saliva phosphorus and potassium levels of the patients ( P = .04, P = .02). The magnesium level, which has been argued to be a factor in the prevention of calcification, showed an increased correlation with the total protein in the patient group ( P = .02). Conclusion It is possible that the high levels of saliva fetuin-A, total protein, and phosphorus with insufficient of saliva magnesium levels may make a contribution to the formation of sialoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Demirhan
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Yıldız
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Önerci Çelebi
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şehide Baz
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrin Berçik İnal
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Patil NJ, Rishikesan S, Nikogeorgos N, Guzzi R, Lee S, Zappone B. Complexation and synergistic boundary lubrication of porcine gastric mucin and branched poly(ethyleneimine) in neutral aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:590-599. [PMID: 27976775 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lubrication of soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer interfaces was studied in aqueous mixtures of porcine gastric mucin (PGM) and branched polyethyleneimine (b-PEI) at neutral pH and various ionic strengths (0.1-1.0 M). While neither PGM nor b-PEI improved lubrication compared to polymer-free buffer solution, their mixtures produced a synergistic lubricating effect by reducing friction coefficients by nearly two orders of magnitude, especially at slow sliding speed in the boundary lubrication regime. An array of spectroscopic studies revealed that small cationic b-PEI molecules were able to strongly bind and penetrate into large anionic PGM molecules, producing an overall contraction of the randomly coiled PGM conformation. The interaction also affected the structure of the folded PGM protein terminals, decreased the surface potential and increased light absorbance in PGM:b-PEI mixtures. Adding an electrolyte (NaCl) weakened the aggregation between PGM and b-PEI, and degraded the lubrication synergy, indicating that electrostatic interactions drive PGM:b-PEI complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navinkumar J Patil
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 31/C, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | | | - Nikolaos Nikogeorgos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Rita Guzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 31/C, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Bruno Zappone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), SS Cosenza - LICRYL, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 33/B, Rende, CS 87036, Italy.
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20
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Lee JY, Abugharib A, Nguyen R, Eisbruch A. Impact of xerostomia and dysphagia on health-related quality of life for head and neck cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23809000.2016.1236661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Chang Y, McClements DJ. Characterization of mucin – lipid droplet interactions: Influence on potential fate of fish oil-in-water emulsions under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Saliva is one of the most versatile, multifunctional substances produced by the body and has a critical role in the preservation of the oropharyngeal health. It comprises a serous and mucinous component and is secreted by the major salivary glands. The mucins in the saliva serve to protect and lubricate the hard and soft tissues of the mouth, protecting them from chemical and mechanical damage. Hyposalivation can be managed by various salivary substitutes, peripheral sialagogues, and central sialagogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Turner
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel/Jacobi/Einstein Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Head and Neck and Thyroid Cancer, 10 Union Square East, Suite 5B New York, NY 10003, USA.
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23
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Frenkel ES, Ribbeck K. Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:29759. [PMID: 26701274 PMCID: PMC4689954 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.29759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus forms a protective coating on wet epithelial surfaces throughout the body that houses the microbiota and plays a key role in host defense. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus that creates its viscoelastic properties, are critical components of the gel layer that protect against invading pathogens. Altered mucin production has been implicated in diseases such as ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, which highlights the importance of mucins in maintaining homeostasis. Different types of mucins exist throughout the body in various locations such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and female genital tract, but this review will focus on mucins in the oral cavity. Salivary mucin structure, localization within the oral cavity, and defense mechanisms will be discussed. These concepts will then be applied to present what is known about the protective function of mucins in oral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, oral candidiasis, and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Shapiro Frenkel
- Biological Sciences in Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;
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24
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Vijay A, Inui T, Dodds M, Proctor G, Carpenter G. Factors That Influence the Extensional Rheological Property of Saliva. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135792. [PMID: 26305698 PMCID: PMC4549258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinnbarkeit of saliva reflects the ability of saliva to adhere to surfaces within the mouth, thereby serving as a protective role and aiding in lubrication. Therefore, alterations in the extensional rheology of saliva may result in the loss in adhesiveness or the ability to bind onto surfaces. Mucin glycoproteins and their structures are known to be important factors for the extensional rheological properties of saliva. The conformation of mucin depends on factors such as pH and ionic strength. Chewing is one of the main stimuli for salivary secretion but creates significant sheer stress on the salivary film which could influence mouthfeel perceptions. The current study investigates the possible factors which affect the extensional rheological properties of saliva by comparing submandibular/sublingual saliva with different oral stimuli within the same group of subjects. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva (chew, smell and taste) salivas were collected primarily from submandibular/sublingual glands. The saliva samples were measured for Spinnbarkeit followed by the measuring mucin, total protein, total calcium and bicarbonate concentrations. The results indicated correlations between rheological properties and mucin/ion concentrations. However, chewing stimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva is shown to have significantly lower Spinnbarkeit, but factors such as mucin, protein and calcium concentrations did not account for this variation. Analysis of the concentration of bicarbonate and pH appears to suggest that it has a prominent effect on extensional rheology of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Salivary Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taichi Inui
- Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co., Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Dodds
- Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co., Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gordon Proctor
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Salivary Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Carpenter
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Salivary Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Rothmund L, Shehata M, Van Landuyt KL, Schweikl H, Carell T, Geurtsen W, Hellwig E, Hickel R, Reichl FX, Högg C. Release and protein binding of components from resin based composites in native saliva and other extraction media. Dent Mater 2015; 31:496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Minekus M, Alminger M, Alvito P, Ballance S, Bohn T, Bourlieu C, Carrière F, Boutrou R, Corredig M, Dupont D, Dufour C, Egger L, Golding M, Karakaya S, Kirkhus B, Le Feunteun S, Lesmes U, Macierzanka A, Mackie A, Marze S, McClements DJ, Ménard O, Recio I, Santos CN, Singh RP, Vegarud GE, Wickham MSJ, Weitschies W, Brodkorb A. A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food - an international consensus. Food Funct 2014; 5:1113-24. [PMID: 24803111 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3232] [Impact Index Per Article: 323.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simulated gastro-intestinal digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static digestion method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro digestion method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Minekus
- TNO, PO BOX 360, 3700AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
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27
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Morzel M, Siying T, Brignot H, Lherminier J. Immunocytological detection of salivary mucins (MUC5B) on the mucosal pellicle lining human epithelial buccal cells. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:453-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Morzel
- CNRS; UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- INRA; UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Tai Siying
- CNRS; UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- INRA; UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Hélène Brignot
- CNRS; UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- INRA; UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Jeannine Lherminier
- INRA; UMR1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, Plateforme DImaCell, Centre de Microscopie INRA/Université de Bourgogne; F-21000 Dijon France
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Habata I, Yasui T, Fujimori O, Meyer W, Tsukise A. Histochemical analyses of glycoconjugates and antimicrobial substances in goat labial glands. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:454-62. [PMID: 21925718 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is known to protect the oral cavity and contains glycoproteins and antimicrobial substances. The distribution of these salivary secretions was studied in the labial glands of the Japanese miniature (Shiba) goat using lectin histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The mucous acinar cells of the labial glands exhibited glycoconjugates with different saccharide residues, such as GalNAcα1-3GalNAc, Galβ1-4GalNAc, β-D-GlcNAc and sialic acid linked to α2-6Gal/GalNAc. Furthermore, α-D-Man, α-L-Fuc, α-D-GalNAc, β-D-Gal and sialic acid residues were present, in particular, in the serous demilunar cells. Antimicrobial substances (lysozyme, IgA, lactoferrin and β-defensin) were shown to be mainly immunolocalized in the serous demilunes and duct cells. The results obtained are discussed with regard to the functional role of labial glands. The secretory compounds demonstrated may play an important role in the maintenance of oral health with regard to saliva.
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29
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Abstract
Understanding astringency has focused on the interaction of tannins with the salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), although it remains unclear if other astringents precipitate the PRPs or how this interaction relates to sensory perceptions of astringency. We used 2 approaches to compare how distinct classes of astringent compounds interacted with the salivary PRPs and mucins. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we evaluated protein patterns and characterized the salivary proteins present in the supernatants and pellets of pooled saliva assayed with tannin, alum, and hydrochloric acid solutions. Tannins and alum precipitated many of the PRPs, but acid did not. Mucins were precipitated by both the acid and alum, but not by the tannins. From our research, it appears that the precipitation of salivary proteins may be involved in the mechanism of astringency, but the precipitation of PRPs is not requisite for the development of astringency. We also measured mucin and deoxyribonucleic acid content of expectorated solutions of astringents that panelists swished in their mouths to determine if astringency was associated with a loss of oral lubricating films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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30
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Boundary lubrication by brushed salivary conditioning films and their degree of glycosylation. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1499-506. [PMID: 22139463 PMCID: PMC3443353 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Toothbrushing, though aimed at biofilm removal, also affects the lubricative function of adsorbed salivary conditioning films (SCFs). Different modes of brushing (manual, powered, rotary–oscillatory or sonically driven) influence the SCF in different ways. Our objectives were to compare boundary lubrication of SCFs after different modes of brushing and to explain their lubrication on the basis of their roughness, dehydrated layer thickness, and degree of glycosylation. A pilot study was performed to relate in vitro lubrication with mouthfeel in human volunteers. Materials and methods Coefficient of friction (COF) on 16-h-old SCFs after manual, rotary–oscillatory, and sonically driven brushing was measured using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM was also used to assess the roughness of SCFs prior to and after brushing. Dehydrated layer thicknesses and glycosylation of the SCFs were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mouthfeel after manual and both modes of powered brushing were evaluated employing a split-mouth design. Results Compared with unbrushed and manually or sonically driven brushed SCFs, powered rotary–oscillatory brushing leads to deglycosylation of the SCF, loss of thickness, and a rougher film. Concurrently, the COF of a powered rotary–oscillatory brushed SCF increased. Volunteers reported a slightly preferred mouthfeel after sonic brushing as compared to powered rotating–oscillating brushing. Conclusion Deglycosylation and roughness increase the COF on SCFs. Clinical relevance Powered rotary–oscillatory brushing can deglycosylate a SCF, leading to a rougher film surface as compared with manual and sonic brushing, decreasing the lubricative function of the SCF. This is consistent with clinical mouthfeel evaluation after different modes of brushing.
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31
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Sotres J, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. Friction force spectroscopy as a tool to study the strength and structure of salivary films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13692-13700. [PMID: 21942307 DOI: 10.1021/la202870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employ atomic force microscopy based friction force spectroscopy to study the strength and structure of salivary films. Specifically, films formed on model hydrophobic (methylated silica) and hydrophilic (clean silica) substrata have been studied in water at pHs in the range 3.3-7. Results reveal that films formed on both types of substrata can be described in terms of two different fractions, with only one of them being able to diffuse along the underlying substrata. We also show how the protective function of the films is reduced when the pH of the surrounding medium is lowered. Specifically, lowering of pH causes desorption of some components of the films formed on hydrophobic methylated surfaces, leading to weaker layers. In contrast, at low pHs, saliva no longer forms a layer on hydrophilic silica surfaces. Instead, an inhomogeneous distribution of amorphous aggregates is observed. Our data also suggest that hydrophobic materials in the oral cavity might be more easily cleaned from adsorbed salivary films. Finally, reproducible differences are observed in results from experiments on films from different individuals, validating the technique as a tool for clinical diagnosis of the resistance to erosion of salivary films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotres
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmoe University, 20506 Malmoe, Sweden.
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Lorenz K, Bader M, Klaus A, Weiss W, Görg A, Hofmann T. Orosensory stimulation effects on human saliva proteome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10219-10231. [PMID: 21846099 DOI: 10.1021/jf2024352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Saliva flow induced by 6-gingerol (pungent), hydroxy-α/β-sanshools (tingling), and citric acid (sour) was measured, and the time-dependent changes in the whole saliva proteome were analyzed by means of 2D-PAGE, followed by tryptic in-gel digestion and MALDI-TOF-MS peptide mass fingerprint analysis. The proteins showing significantly decreased abundance after oral 6-gingerol stimulation were identified as glutathione S-transferase P, the heat shock protein β-1, the heat shock 70 kDa protein 1, annexin A1, and cytoplasmic β-actin, whereas prolactin inducible proteins (PIP), short palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 2 (SPLUNC2), zinc-α-2-glycoproteins (Zn-α-GP), and carbonic anhydrase VI (CAVI) were found with increased abundance. As the effects of this study were observed instantaneously upon stimulation, any proteome modulation is very likely to result from the release of proteins from preformed vesicles and not from de novo synthesis. The elevated levels of SPLUNC2, Zn-α-GP, and CAVI might be interpreted to trigger innate protective mechanisms in mucosal immunity and in nonimmune mucosal defense and might play an important role during the initial stage of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lorenz
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Habata I, Yasui T, Fujimori O, Tsukise A. Immunohistochemical aspects of anti-microbial properties in goat submandibular glands. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 41:54-9. [PMID: 21895742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are known as the principal source of anti-microbial substances, which are considered to be essential components of saliva. The distribution of anti-microbial substances in the submandibular glands of Japanese miniature (Shiba) goat was studied using immunohistochemical methods as performed by physical development procedures. In the goat, anti-microbial substances such as lysozyme, IgA, lactoferrin and β-defensin were demonstrated to be immunolocalized in the submandibular glands, especially in the serous demilunes and duct cells. The results obtained are discussed with regard to the specific functions of the saliva. The presence and secretion of anti-microbial substances suggest that they participate in the maintenance of oral health among the elements of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Habata
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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34
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Improved artificial saliva for studying the cariogenic effect of carbohydrates. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:46-9. [PMID: 21533590 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a complex fluid that possesses many important functions regarding oral health. Many in vitro studies require relatively large quantities of saliva. While natural saliva would be the material of choice, it is difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities and varies in composition. Substitutes mimicking the physicochemical properties of saliva have been developed, but these are not appropriate to study the growth of mutans streptococci. Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) has been commonly used for this, but this medium is richer in nutrients than saliva. We therefore developed artificial saliva (AS) with nutrient levels resembling those in natural saliva as a substitute for natural human saliva (HS) to study the influence of different carbon sources on mutans streptococci growth. Growth of a wild-type Streptococcus mutans strain and S. mutans ATCC 15175 in BHI, HS, and AS was monitored anaerobically. Growth of S. mutans in the modified AS was very similar to the growth in HS, both in the absence and presence of different carbon sources. We therefore conclude that the developed AS is suitable for in vitro tests on S. mutans growth.
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35
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Cheaib Z, Lussi A. Impact of acquired enamel pellicle modification on initial dental erosion. Caries Res 2011; 45:107-12. [PMID: 21412002 DOI: 10.1159/000324803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquired enamel pellicle that forms on the tooth surface serves as a natural protective barrier against dental erosion. Numerous proteins composing the pellicle serve different functions within this thin layer. Our study examined the effect of incorporated mucin and casein on the erosion-inhibiting potential of the acquired enamel pellicle. Cyclic acidic conditions were applied to mimic the erosive environment present at the human enamel interface during the consumption of soft drinks. One hundred enamel specimens were prepared for microhardness tests and distributed randomly into 5 groups (n = 20) that received the following treatment: deionized water, humidity chamber, mucin, casein, or a combination of mucin and casein. Each group was exposed to 3 cycles of a 2-hour incubation in human saliva, followed by a 2-hour treatment in the testing solution and a 1-min exposure to citric acid. The microhardness analysis demonstrated that the mixture of casein and mucin significantly improved the erosion-inhibiting properties of the human pellicle layer. The addition of individual proteins did not statistically impact the function of the pellicle. These data suggest that protein-protein interactions may play an important role in the effectiveness of the pellicle to prevent erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cheaib
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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36
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Habata I, Yasui T, Tsukise A. Histochemistry of Sialoglycoconjugates in Goat Submandibular Glands. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:187-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Sánchez GA, Miozza V, Delgado A, Busch L. Determination of salivary levels of mucin and amylase in chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:221-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Svensson O, Arnebrant T. Mucin layers and multilayers — Physicochemical properties and applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Troccaz M, Haefliger OP, Cayeux I, Beccucci S, Jeckelmann N, Barra J, Clark AJ, Schrenzel J, Baehni P. Effects of Flavoured Mouth Rinses on Morning Breath Odour: a Sensory, Analytical and Microbial Evaluation. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Mechanism of Cytosolic Phospholipase A(2) Activation in Ghrelin Protection of Salivary Gland Acinar Cells against Ethanol Cytotoxicity. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2010; 2010:269274. [PMID: 21152208 PMCID: PMC2990110 DOI: 10.1155/2010/269274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peptide hormone, newly identified in oral mucosal tissues, has emerged recently as an important mediator of the processes of mucosal defense. Here, we report on the mechanism of ghrelin protection against ethanol cytotoxicity in rat sublingual salivary gland cells. The protective effect of ghrelin was associated with the increase in NO and PGE2, and upregulation in cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activity and arachidonic acid (AA) release. The loss in countering effect of ghrelin occurred with cNOS inhibitor, L-NAME, as well as indomethacin and COX-1 inhibitor, SC-560, while COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, and iNOS inhibitor, 1400W, had no effect. The effect of L-NAME was reflected in the inhibition of ghrelin-induced cell capacity for NO production, cPLA2 activation and PGE2 generation, whereas indomethacin caused only the inhibition in PGE2. Moreover, the ghrelin-induced up-regulation in AA release was reflected in the cPLA2 phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. Inhibition in ghrelin-induced S-nitrosylation was attained with L-NAME, whereas the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, caused the blockage in cPLA2 protein phosphorylation as well as S-nitrosylation. Thus, ghrelin protection of salivary gland cells against ethanol involves cNOS-derived NO induction of cPLA2 activation through S-nitrosylation for the increase in AA release at the site of COX-1 action for PGE2 synthesis.
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41
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42
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Macakova L, Yakubov GE, Plunkett MA, Stokes JR. Influence of ionic strength changes on the structure of pre-adsorbed salivary films. A response of a natural multi-component layer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 77:31-9. [PMID: 20133111 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary films coating oral surfaces are critically important for oral health. This study focuses on determining the underlying nature of this adsorbed film and how it responds to departures from physiological conditions due to changes in ionic strength. Under physiological conditions, it is found that pre-adsorbed in vitro salivary film on hydrophobic surfaces is present as a highly hydrated viscoelastic layer. We follow the evolution of this film in terms of its effective thickness, hydration and viscoelastic properties, as well as adsorbed mass of proteins, using complementary surface characterisation methods: a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D). Our results support a heterogeneous model for the structure of the salivary film with an inner dense anchoring layer and an outer highly extended hydrated layer. Further swelling of the film was observed upon decreasing the salt concentration down to 1mM NaCl. However, upon exposure to deionised water, a collapse of the film occurs that was associated with the loss of water contained within the adsorbed layer. We suggest that the collapse in deionised water is driven by an onset of electrostatic attraction between different parts of the multi-component salivary film. It is anticipated that such changes could also occur when the oral cavity is exposed to food, beverage, oral care and pharmaceutical formulations where drastic changes to the structural integrity of the film is likely to have implications on oral health, sensory perception and product performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Macakova
- Unilever Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom.
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43
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Sialic acids modulate the metabolite transport across membranes and may be involved in protection against pathogenic agents. The presence of sialoderivatives in the equine mandibular gland requires further study. OBJECTIVE To biochemically visualise in situ the presence of sialoderivatives, by means of mild and strong periodate oxidation and alcoholic saponification, combined with lectin histochemistry and sialidase digestion in order to hypothesise roles for detached sialoderivatives. METHODS Mandibular glands were removed from 8 mature horses of both sexes and subjected to histochemical procedures, including periodate oxidation, saponfication and lectin staining. Controls were based upon the omission of peroxidase-conjugated lectins and respective enzyme-free buffers. RESULTS The reactivities of PNA and RCA I lectins were affected by sialidase treatment, whether preceded by saponification or not, showing that the dimer N-acetyl-sialic acid-beta-Gal was linked (1-3)GalNAc and (1-4)GlcNAc. In acinar cells the sequence sialic acid-beta-Gal(1-3)GalNAc showed sialic residues acetylated at C4 only and at C4 and C7 and/or C8 and/or C9(alpha2-6Gal) in both sexes, while in female mandibular gland also C4 and C9(alpha2-3Gal) acetylated residues were present. Sialic acid linked to beta-Gal(1-4)GlcNAc was prevalently C4 and C7 and/or C8 and/or C9(alpha2-6Gal and alpha2-3Gal) acetylated, whereas only a minor quantity showed acetyl groups at C7 and/or C8 and/or C9(alpha2-6Gal) in the acinar cells of both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The great variety of sialic acid residues expressed by equine mandibular gland could assume an important role in the defensive mechanisms towards pathogen agents and, compared with those of cattle, probably represents an example of molecular species-specificity related to different alimentary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scocco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, UNICAM, Matelica, Italy
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44
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Scocco P, Pedini V. Histochemical characterisation of complex carbohydrates expressed in the alimentary tract of chickens. Vet J 2009; 185:228-30. [PMID: 19477664 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study characterised the composition of surface and secretion complex carbohydrates in the alimentary tract of organically and intensively housed chickens. Histochemical labelling was carried out on samples of oesophagus, glandular stomach and proximal duodenum using (1) alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5 combined with neuraminidase digestion (Sial) with or without saponification (KOH), (2) AB at pH 1 and 0.5, (3) periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), (4) a combined AB-PAS stain, and (5) both low and high iron diamine stains combined with enzymatic treatments specific for glycosaminoglycans. Semi-quantitative scoring of the histochemical staining indicated abundant acidic sulfated glycoconjugates in each alimentary tract region, in addition to the presence of sialoglycoderivatives in the oesophagus. These complex carbohydrate components are likely to have various functions including the provision of a protective visco-elastic barrier and a role in the defence against specific pathogens. The findings provide a starting point for a more in-depth study of alimentary tract glycoconjugates in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scocco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Camerino, Matelica 62024, Italy.
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45
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Busch L, Miozza V, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Increased leukotriene concentration in submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:423-30. [PMID: 19347252 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN In the present study, we investigated the relation between the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cysteinyl-leukotrienes with mucin release and the sympathetic system in submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. MATERIALS OR SUBJECTS Submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. TREATMENT For the first experiment, rats were treated with hydrocortisone sc, 1 mg/kg for 3 days. All other experiments were carried out in isolated submandibular glands from untreated rats. Submandibular glands were treated with cysteinyl-leukotrienes, isoproterenol, NDGA, FPL 55712, L-NMMA, Nio, Nz, AMG, indomethacin, DuP 697 and atenolol. METHODS Nitric oxide synthase activity, prostaglandin and cysteinyl-leukotriene productions and mucin secretion were determined. The Newman-Keuls statistical test was applied after analysis of variance. RESULTS In rats with periodontitis hydrocortisone-induced a 36.6% (P < 0.05) decrease in mucin release. Only cysteinyl-leukotriene production was increased in rats with ligature (79.2%, P < 0.001). Either the inhibition of cysteinyl-leukotriene production or the block of leukotriene receptor abolished the increase in mucin secretion by 25.6% (P < 0.05) and 37% (P < 0.01), respectively, in glands from rats with ligature. On the other hand, the presence of cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the incubation medium induced mucin release from submandibular glands. Atenolol diminished by 24% (P < 0.05), the increase in cysteinyl-leukotrienes observed in rats with periodontitis. Besides, isoproterenol induced cysteinyl-leukotriene production in both groups. CONCLUSION In submandibular glands from rats with periodontitis, the increment in mucin release and cysteinyl-leukotrienes production are related events and both are associated with the sympathetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Busch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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46
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Jainkittivong A, Lin AL, Johnson DA, Langlais RP, Yeh CK. Salivary secretion, mucin concentrations and candida carriage in HIV-infected patients. Oral Dis 2009; 15:229-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Bakar SA, Martinez-Alvernia EA, Mankarious LA. Drainage post-thyroglossal duct remnant surgery: Possible source and analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 140:343-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish the distance between tongue base salivary tissue and hyoid. Also, to identify protein differences between thyroglossal duct (TGD) remnants and salivary tissue in order to distinguish drainage source post Sistrunk surgery. Methods/Setting: The anterior neck block was obtained from 10 adult cadavers with no known neck pathology. The distance between the normal salivary tissue and hyoid was measured histologically. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was then performed on 20 archived tissue blocks from pediatric patients post Sistrunk surgery to identify the presence of amylase, MUC5AC (tracheobronchial mucin), and MUC7 (salivary mucin) within the excised specimen. Results: Average distance between salivary tissue and the hyoid within adult human cadavers was 3.3 mm (range, 1.0-4.2 mm). IHC revealed all excised TGD remnants contained amylase and MUC5AC but none contained MUC7. Both amylase and MUC7 were present within adjacent salivary tissues. Conclusions: Salivary tissue of the tongue base normally resides an average of 3.3 mm from the hyoid within the adult population. Biochemical analysis showed MUC5AC was specific for TGD remnants while MUC7 was specific for salivary tissue. Amylase does not distinguish between the two tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraiza Abu Bakar
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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48
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Abstract
Astringency plays an important role in the sensory experience of many foods and beverages, ranging from wine to nuts. Given the recent trend toward fortifying consumables with astringent compounds and the evidence regarding the health benefits of some astringents, the mechanisms and perceptual characteristics of astringency warrant further discussion and investigation. This paper reviews the current state of the literature, including consideration of new methods for describing and measuring astringency, and provides an overview of research concerned with elucidating the physical, physiological, and psychological factors that underlie and mediate perception of this sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha R Bajec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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49
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β-Adrenoceptor alterations coupled with secretory response and experimental periodontitis in rat submandibular glands. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:509-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Feldötö Z, Pettersson T, Dedinaite A. Mucin-electrolyte interactions at the solid-liquid interface probed by QCM-D. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:3348-3357. [PMID: 18266398 DOI: 10.1021/la703366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between mucin and ions has been investigated by employing the quartz crystal microbalance technique with measurement of energy dissipation. The study was partially aimed at understanding the adsorption of mucin on surfaces with different chemistry, and for this purpose, surfaces exposing COOH, OH, and CH(3) groups were prepared. Mucin adsorbed to all three types of functionalized gold surfaces. Adsorption to the hydrophobic surface and to the charged hydrophilic surface (COOH) occured with high affinity despite the fact that in the latter case both mucin and the surface were negatively charged. On the uncharged hydrophilic surface exposing OH groups, the adsorption of mucin was very low. Another aim was to elucidate conformational changes induced by electrolytes on mucin layers adsorbed on hydrophobic surfaces from 30 mM NaNO(3). To this end, we investigated the effect of three electrolytes with increasing cation valance: NaCl, CaCl(2) and LaCl(3). At low NaCl concentrations, the preadsorbed layer expands, whereas at higher concentrations of NaCl the layer becomes more compact. This swelling/compacting of the mucin layer is fully reversible for NaCl. When the mucin layer instead is exposed to CaCl(2) or LaCl(3), compaction is observed at 1 mM. For CaCl(2), this process is only partially reversible, and for LaCl(3), the changes are irreversible within the time frame of the experiment. Finally, mucin interaction with the DTAB cationic surfactant in an aqueous solution of different electrolytes was evaluated with turbidimetry measurements. It is concluded that the electrolytes used in this work screen the association between mucin and DTAB and that the effect increases with increasing cation valency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Feldötö
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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