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Wu Y, Jiang T. Developments in FRET- and BRET-Based Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101789. [PMID: 36296141 PMCID: PMC9610962 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resonance energy transfer technologies have achieved great success in the field of analysis. Particularly, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) provide strategies to design tools for sensing molecules and monitoring biological processes, which promote the development of biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress on FRET- and BRET-based biosensors and their roles in biomedicine, environmental applications, and synthetic biology. This review highlights FRET- and BRET-based biosensors and gives examples of their applications with their design strategies. The limitations of their applications and the future directions of their development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Muratspahić E, Gattringer J, Gruber CW. Use of BRET to Measure β-Arrestin Recruitment at Oxytocin and Vasopressin Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2384:221-229. [PMID: 34550577 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1759-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a cutting-edge biophysical technique used for exploring G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology. BRET relies on the nonradiative energy transfer from a luciferase energy donor to an acceptor fluorophore after oxidation of a luciferase substrate. This energy transfer occurs only if the donor and acceptor are within close proximity. Over the past few years, BRET has been successfully applied to study GPCR oligomerization as well as interactions of receptors with G proteins, G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), or β-arrestins. Herein, we describe how BRET can be applied to study signaling at the oxytocin receptor (OTR) and vasopressin receptors, thereby enabling the identification of (biased) ligands and molecular probes for investigating receptor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Muratspahić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Gattringer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Flores-Romero H, García-Sáez AJ. MERLIN: A BRET-Based Proximity Biosensor for Studying Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:197-205. [PMID: 35836069 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria play a fundamental role in a wide variety of cellular processes, like the exchange of calcium and lipids between both organelles, as well as in apoptosis and in autophagy signaling. Despite their importance, due to their dynamic and heterogeneous nature, we still lack understanding of the molecular composition, structure, and regulation of these structures. In this chapter, we introduce a new bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor for the quantitative analysis of mitochondria-ER interorganellar distances without perturbing their natural environment, which we call MERLIN (mitochondria ER length indicator nanosensor). Here, we describe the rationale behind the MERLIN biosensor, detail the experimental setup and methodology, and provide tips for troubleshooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Romero
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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4
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Johnstone EKM, Ayoub MA, Hertzman RJ, See HB, Abhayawardana RS, Seeber RM, Pfleger KDG. Novel Pharmacology Following Heteromerization of the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor and the Bradykinin Type 2 Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:848816. [PMID: 35721749 PMCID: PMC9204302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.848816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor and the bradykinin type 2 (B2) receptor are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have major roles in the cardiovascular system. The two receptors are known to functionally interact at various levels, and there is some evidence that the observed crosstalk may occur as a result of heteromerization. We investigated evidence for heteromerization of the AT2 receptor and the B2 receptor in HEK293FT cells using various bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-proximity based assays, including the Receptor Heteromer Investigation Technology (Receptor-HIT) and the NanoBRET ligand-binding assay. The Receptor-HIT assay showed that Gαq, GRK2 and β-arrestin2 recruitment proximal to AT2 receptors only occurred upon B2 receptor coexpression and activation, all of which is indicative of AT2-B2 receptor heteromerization. Additionally, we also observed specific coupling of the B2 receptor with the Gαz protein, and this was found only in cells coexpressing both receptors and stimulated with bradykinin. The recruitment of Gαz, Gαq, GRK2 and β-arrestin2 was inhibited by B2 receptor but not AT2 receptor antagonism, indicating the importance of B2 receptor activation within AT2-B2 heteromers. The close proximity between the AT2 receptor and B2 receptor at the cell surface was also demonstrated with the NanoBRET ligand-binding assay. Together, our data demonstrate functional interaction between the AT2 receptor and B2 receptor in HEK293FT cells, resulting in novel pharmacology for both receptors with regard to Gαq/GRK2/β-arrestin2 recruitment (AT2 receptor) and Gαz protein coupling (B2 receptor). Our study has revealed a new mechanism for the enigmatic and poorly characterized AT2 receptor to be functionally active within cells, further illustrating the role of heteromerization in the diversity of GPCR pharmacology and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone, ; Kevin D. G. Pfleger,
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebecca J. Hertzman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Heng B. See
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rekhati S. Abhayawardana
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth M. Seeber
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone, ; Kevin D. G. Pfleger,
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Hattori M, Sugiura N, Wazawa T, Matsuda T, Nagai T. Ratiometric Bioluminescent Indicator for a Simple and Rapid Measurement of Thrombin Activity Using a Smartphone. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13520-13526. [PMID: 34570461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis is an essential function that repairs tissues and maintains the survival of living organisms. To prevent diseases caused by the abnormality of the blood coagulation mechanism, it is important to carry out a blood test periodically by a method that is convenient and less burdensome for examiners. Thrombin is a protease that catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen, and its cleavage activity can be an index of coagulation activity. Here, we developed a ratiometric bioluminescent indicator, Thrombastor (thrombin activity sensing indicator), which reflects the thrombin cleavage activity in blood by changing the emission color from green to blue. Compared to the current thrombin activity indicator, the rapid color change of the emission indicated a 2.5-fold decrease in the Km for thrombin, and the cleavage rate was more than two times faster. By improving the absolute bioluminescence intensity, detection from a small amount of plasma could be achieved with a smartphone camera. Using Thrombastor and a versatile device, an effective diagnosis for preventing coagulation disorders can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Hattori
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Nae Sugiura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Pustovit RV, Zhang X, Liew JJ, Praveen P, Liu M, Koo A, Oparija-Rogenmozere L, Ou Q, Kocan M, Nie S, Bathgate RA, Furness JB, Hossain MA. A Novel Antagonist Peptide Reveals a Physiological Role of Insulin-Like Peptide 5 in Control of Colorectal Function. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1665-1674. [PMID: 34661082 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5), the natural ligand for the relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4), is a gut hormone that is exclusively produced by colonic L-cells. We have recently developed an analogue of INSL5, INSL5-A13, that acts as an RXFP4 agonist in vitro and stimulates colorectal propulsion in wild-type mice but not in RXFP4-knockout mice. These results suggest that INSL5 may have a physiological role in the control of colorectal motility. To investigate this possibility, in this study we designed and developed a novel INSL5 analogue, INSL5-A13NR. This compound is a potent antagonist, without significant agonist activity, in two in vitro assays. We report here for the first time that this novel antagonist peptide blocks agonist-induced increase in colon motility in mice that express RXFP4. Our data also show that colorectal propulsion induced by intracolonic administration of bacterial products (short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs) is antagonized by INSL5-A13NR. Therefore, INSL5-A13NR is an important research tool and potential drug lead for the treatment of colon motility disorders, such as bacterial diarrheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan V Pustovit
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jamie Jm Liew
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Praveen Praveen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mengjie Liu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ada Koo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lalita Oparija-Rogenmozere
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qinghao Ou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ross Ad Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Department of Anatomy and Physiology; School of Biosciences, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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7
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Pereira PHS, Garcia CRS, Bouvier M. Identifying Plasmodium falciparum receptor activation using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensors in HEK293 cells. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:223-233. [PMID: 34752334 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution the need for unicellular organisms to associate and form a single cluster of cells had several evolutionary advantages. G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for a large part of the senses that allow this clustering to succeed, playing a fundamental role in the perception of cell's external environment, enabling the interaction and coordinated development between each cell of a multicellular organism. GPCRs are not exclusive to complex multicellular organisms. In single-celled organisms, GPCRs are also present and have a similar function of detecting changes in the external environment and transforming them into a biological response. There are no reports of GPCRs in parasitic protozoa, such as the Plasmodium genus, and the identification of a protein of this family in P. falciparum would have a significant impact both on the understanding of the basic biology of the parasite and on the history of the evolution of GPCRs. The protocol described here was successfully applied to study a GPCR candidate in P. falciparum for the first time, and we hope that it helps other groups to use the same approach to study this deadly parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H S Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Celia R S Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Parichatikanond W, Kyaw ETH, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Mangmool S. BRET-based assay to specifically monitor β 2AR/GRK2 interaction and β-arrestin2 conformational change upon βAR stimulation. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:67-81. [PMID: 34752340 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are members of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and have been one of the most important GPCRs for studying receptor endocytosis and signaling pathway. Agonist binding of βARs leads to an activation of G proteins and their canonical effectors. In a parallel way, βAR stimulation triggers the termination of its signals by receptor desensitization. This termination process is initiated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-induced βAR phosphorylation that promotes the recruitment of β-arrestins to phosphorylated βAR. The uncoupled βARs which formed a complex with GRK and β-arrestin subsequently internalize into the cytosol. In addition, GRKs and β-arrestins also act as scaffolding proteins and signal transducers in their own functions to modulate various downstream effectors. Upon translocation to the βAR, β-arrestin is believed to undergo an important conformational change in the structure that is necessary for its signal transduction. The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique involves the fusion of donor (luciferase) and acceptor (fluorescent) molecules to the interested proteins. Co-expression of these fusion proteins enables direct detection of their interactions in living cells. Here we describe the use of our established BRET technique to track the interaction of βAR with both GRK and β-arrestin. The assay described here allows the measurement of the BRET signal for detecting the interaction of β2AR with GRK2 and the conformational change of β-arrestin2 following βAR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ei Thet Htar Kyaw
- Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Walsh SK, Lipina C, Ang SY, Sato M, Chia LY, Kocan M, Hutchinson DS, Summers RJ, Wainwright CL. GPR55 regulates the responsiveness to, but does not dimerise with, α 1A-adrenoceptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114560. [PMID: 33844984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that G protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) may influence adrenoceptor function/activity in the cardiovascular system. Whether this reflects direct interaction (dimerization) between receptors or signalling crosstalk has not been investigated. This study explored the interaction between GPR55 and the alpha 1A-adrenoceptor (α1A-AR) in the cardiovascular system and the potential to influence function/signalling activities. GPR55 and α1A-AR mediated changes in both cardiac and vascular function was assessed in male wild-type (WT) and GPR55 homozygous knockout (GPR55-/-) mice by pressure volume loop analysis and isolated vessel myography, respectively. Dimerization of GPR55 with the α1A-AR was examined in transfected Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells via Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). GPR55 and α1A-AR mediated signalling (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation) was investigated in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes using AlphaScreen proximity assays. GPR55-/- mice exhibited both enhanced pressor and inotropic responses to A61603 (α1A-AR agonist), while in isolated vessels, A61603 induced vasoconstriction was attenuated by a GPR55-dependent mechanism. Conversely, GPR55-mediated vasorelaxation was not altered by pharmacological blockade of α1A-ARs with tamsulosin. While cellular studies demonstrated that GPR55 and α1A-AR failed to dimerize, pharmacological blockade of GPR55 altered α1A-AR mediated signalling and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, this study provides evidence that GPR55 and α1A-AR do not dimerize to form heteromers, but do interact at the signalling level to modulate the function of α1A-AR in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Walsh
- Cardiometabolic Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sheng Y Ang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cherry L Wainwright
- Cardiometabolic Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
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10
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Johnstone EKM, Abhayawardana RS, See HB, Seeber RM, O'Brien SL, Thomas WG, Pfleger KDG. Complex interactions between the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor and TRIO-dependent signaling partners. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114521. [PMID: 33741329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 (AT1) receptor is involved in AT1 receptor-dependent growth effects and cardiovascular pathologies, however the mechanisms underpinning this transactivation are yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, a potential intermediate of this process was identified following the discovery that a kinase called TRIO was involved in AngII/AT1 receptor-mediated transactivation of EGFR. To investigate the mechanisms by which TRIO acts as an intermediate in AngII/AT1 receptor-mediated EGFR transactivation we used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays to investigate proximity between the AT1 receptor, EGFR, TRIO and other proteins of interest. We found that AngII/AT1 receptor activation caused a Gαq-dependent increase in proximity of TRIO with Gγ2 and the AT1-EGFR heteromer, as well as trafficking of TRIO towards the Kras plasma membrane marker and into early, late and recycling endosomes. In contrast, we found that AngII/AT1 receptor activation caused a Gαq-independent increase in proximity of TRIO with Grb2, GRK2 and PKCζ, as well as trafficking of TRIO up to the plasma membrane from the Golgi. Furthermore, we confirmed the proximity between the AT1 receptor and the EGFR using the Receptor-Heteromer Investigation Technology, which showed AngII-induced recruitment of Grb2, GRK2, PKCζ, Gγ2 and TRIO to the EGFR upon AT1 coexpression. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the existence of the AT1-EGFR heteromer and reveal potential mechanisms by which TRIO contributes to the transactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia.
| | - Rekhati S Abhayawardana
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Heng B See
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Ruth M Seeber
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia; Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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11
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Monitoring Opioid Receptor Interaction in Living Cells by Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32975787 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET ) is a natural phenomenon that has been successfully applied for the study of protein-protein interactions, including opioid receptor oligomers. The discovery of opioid receptor homomers and heteromers has brought to the discovery of new functions and new way of signaling and trafficking; therefore, opioid receptor oligomers may be considered as novel drug targets. Fusing receptors of interest with Renilla luciferase and with a fluorescent protein (such as EYFP ) it is possible to study opioid receptor dimerization using BRET .
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12
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Hoare BL, Kocan M, Bruell S, Scott DJ, Bathgate RAD. Using the novel HiBiT tag to label cell surface relaxin receptors for BRET proximity analysis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00513. [PMID: 31384473 PMCID: PMC6667744 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin family peptide 1 (RXFP1) is the receptor for relaxin a peptide hormone with important therapeutic potential. Like many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), RXFP1 has been reported to form homodimers. Given the complex activation mechanism of RXFP1 by relaxin, we wondered whether homodimerization may be explicitly required for receptor activation, and therefore sought to determine if there is any relaxin-dependent change in RXFP1 proximity at the cell surface. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between recombinantly tagged receptors is often used in GPCR proximity studies. RXFP1 targets poorly to the cell surface when overexpressed in cell lines, with the majority of the receptor proteins sequestered within the cell. Thus, any relaxin-induced changes in RXFP1 proximity at the cell surface may be obscured by BRET signal originating from intracellular compartments. We therefore, utilized the newly developed split luciferase system called HiBiT to specifically label the extracellular terminus of cell surface RXFP1 receptors in combination with mCitrine-tagged receptors, using the GABAB heterodimer as a positive control. This demonstrated that the BRET signal detected from RXFP1-RXFP1 proximity at the cell surface does not appear to be due to stable physical interactions. The fact that there is also no relaxin-mediated change in RXFP1-RXFP1 proximity at the cell surface further supports these conclusions. This work provides a basis by which cell surface GPCR proximity and expression levels can be specifically studied using a facile and homogeneous labeling technique such as HiBiT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L. Hoare
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shoni Bruell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ross A. D. Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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13
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Sakyiamah MM, Nomura W, Kobayakawa T, Tamamura H. Development of a NanoBRET-Based Sensitive Screening Method for CXCR4 Ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1442-1450. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell M. Sakyiamah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugada, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugada, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugada, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugada, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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14
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Kilpatrick LE, Alcobia DC, White CW, Peach CJ, Glenn JR, Zimmerman K, Kondrashov A, Pfleger KDG, Ohana RF, Robers MB, Wood KV, Sloan EK, Woolard J, Hill SJ. Complex Formation between VEGFR2 and the β 2-Adrenoceptor. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:830-841.e9. [PMID: 30956148 PMCID: PMC6593180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis via its receptor VEGFR2. A common tumor associated with elevated VEGFR2 signaling is infantile hemangioma that is caused by a rapid proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. The current first-line treatment for infantile hemangioma is the β-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol, although its mechanism of action is not understood. Here we have used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and VEGFR2 genetically tagged with NanoLuc luciferase to demonstrate that oligomeric complexes involving VEGFR2 and the β2-adrenoceptor can be generated in both cell membranes and intracellular endosomes. These complexes are induced by agonist treatment and retain their ability to couple to intracellular signaling proteins. Furthermore, coupling of β2-adrenoceptor to β-arrestin2 is prolonged by VEGFR2 activation. These data suggest that protein-protein interactions between VEGFR2, the β2-adrenoceptor, and β-arrestin2 may provide insight into their roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Diana C Alcobia
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Carl W White
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chloe J Peach
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Jackie R Glenn
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | | | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
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15
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Dale NC, Johnstone EKM, White CW, Pfleger KDG. NanoBRET: The Bright Future of Proximity-Based Assays. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:56. [PMID: 30972335 PMCID: PMC6443706 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a biophysical technique used to monitor proximity within live cells. BRET exploits the naturally occurring phenomenon of dipole-dipole energy transfer from a donor enzyme (luciferase) to an acceptor fluorophore following enzyme-mediated oxidation of a substrate. This results in production of a quantifiable signal that denotes proximity between proteins and/or molecules tagged with complementary luciferase and fluorophore partners. BRET assays have been used to observe an array of biological functions including ligand binding, intracellular signaling, receptor-receptor proximity, and receptor trafficking, however, BRET assays can theoretically be used to monitor the proximity of any protein or molecule for which appropriate fusion constructs and/or fluorophore conjugates can be produced. Over the years, new luciferases and approaches have been developed that have increased the potential applications for BRET assays. In particular, the development of the small, bright and stable Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc; Nluc) and its use in NanoBRET has vastly broadened the potential applications of BRET assays. These advances have exciting potential to produce new experimental methods to monitor protein-protein interactions (PPIs), protein-ligand interactions, and/or molecular proximity. In addition to NanoBRET, Nluc has also been exploited to produce NanoBiT technology, which further broadens the scope of BRET to monitor biological function when NanoBiT is combined with an acceptor. BRET has proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring proximity and interaction, and these recent advances further strengthen its utility for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C Dale
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics TechnologiesAustralia
| | - Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics TechnologiesAustralia
| | - Carl W White
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics TechnologiesAustralia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics TechnologiesAustralia.,Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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16
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Mukaida S, Sato M, Öberg AI, Dehvari N, Olsen JM, Kocan M, Halls ML, Merlin J, Sandström AL, Csikasz RI, Evans BA, Summers RJ, Hutchinson DS, Bengtsson T. BRL37344 stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via β 2-adrenoceptors without causing classical receptor desensitization. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R666-R677. [PMID: 30892909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00285.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type 2 diabetes epidemic makes it important to find insulin-independent ways to improve glucose homeostasis. This study examines the mechanisms activated by a dual β2-/β3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL37344, to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and its effects on glucose homeostasis in vivo. We measured the effect of BRL37344 on glucose uptake, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, cAMP levels, β2-adrenoceptor desensitization, β-arrestin recruitment, Akt, AMPK, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation using L6 skeletal muscle cells as a model. We further tested the ability of BRL37344 to modulate skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in animal models (glucose tolerance tests and in vivo and ex vivo skeletal muscle glucose uptake). In L6 cells, BRL37344 increased GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake only by activation of β2-adrenoceptors, with a similar potency and efficacy to that of the nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline, despite being a partial agonist with respect to cAMP generation. GLUT4 translocation occurred independently of Akt and AMPK phosphorylation but was dependent on mTORC2. Furthermore, in contrast to isoprenaline, BRL37344 did not promote agonist-mediated desensitization and failed to recruit β-arrestin1/2 to the β2-adrenoceptor. In conclusion, BRL37344 improved glucose tolerance and increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle in vivo and ex vivo through a β2-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism independently of Akt. BRL37344 was a partial agonist with respect to cAMP, but a full agonist for glucose uptake, and importantly did not cause classical receptor desensitization or internalization of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Mukaida
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Anette I Öberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jessica M Olsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Martina Kocan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Michelle Louise Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Anna L Sandström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Robert I Csikasz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bronwyn Anne Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Roger James Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
| | - Dana Sabine Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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17
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El Khamlichi C, Reverchon-Assadi F, Hervouet-Coste N, Blot L, Reiter E, Morisset-Lopez S. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer as a Method to Study Protein-Protein Interactions: Application to G Protein Coupled Receptor Biology. Molecules 2019; 24:E537. [PMID: 30717191 PMCID: PMC6384791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) approach involves resonance energy transfer between a light-emitting enzyme and fluorescent acceptors. The major advantage of this technique over biochemical methods is that protein-protein interactions (PPI) can be monitored without disrupting the natural environment, frequently altered by detergents and membrane preparations. Thus, it is considered as one of the most versatile technique for studying molecular interactions in living cells at "physiological" expression levels. BRET analysis has been applied to study many transmembrane receptor classes including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). It is well established that these receptors may function as dimeric/oligomeric forms and interact with multiple effectors to transduce the signal. Therefore, they are considered as attractive targets to identify PPI modulators. In this review, we present an overview of the different BRET systems developed up to now and their relevance to identify inhibitors/modulators of protein⁻protein interaction. Then, we introduce the different classes of agents that have been recently developed to target PPI, and provide some examples illustrating the use of BRET-based assays to identify and characterize innovative PPI modulators in the field of GPCRs biology. Finally, we discuss the main advantages and the limits of BRET approach to characterize PPI modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma El Khamlichi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais-Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Flora Reverchon-Assadi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Nadège Hervouet-Coste
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Lauren Blot
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais-Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
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18
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Titeca K, Lemmens I, Tavernier J, Eyckerman S. Discovering cellular protein-protein interactions: Technological strategies and opportunities. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:79-111. [PMID: 29957823 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of protein interaction networks is one of the key challenges in the study of biology. It connects genotypes to phenotypes, and disruption often leads to diseases. Hence, many technologies have been developed to study protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in a cellular context. The expansion of the PPI technology toolbox however complicates the selection of optimal approaches for diverse biological questions. This review gives an overview of the binary and co-complex technologies, with the former evaluating the interaction of two co-expressed genetically tagged proteins, and the latter only needing the expression of a single tagged protein or no tagged proteins at all. Mass spectrometry is crucial for some binary and all co-complex technologies. After the detailed description of the different technologies, the review compares their unique specifications, advantages, disadvantages, and applicability, while highlighting opportunities for further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Titeca
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Pickering RJ, Tikellis C, Rosado CJ, Tsorotes D, Dimitropoulos A, Smith M, Huet O, Seeber RM, Abhayawardana R, Johnstone EK, Golledge J, Wang Y, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Cooper ME, Pfleger KD, Thomas MC. Transactivation of RAGE mediates angiotensin-induced inflammation and atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:406-421. [PMID: 30530993 DOI: 10.1172/jci99987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) triggers proinflammatory signaling through pathways independent of classical Gq signaling that regulate vascular homeostasis. Here, we report that the AT1 receptor preformed a heteromeric complex with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Activation of the AT1 receptor by angiotensin II (Ang II) triggered transactivation of the cytosolic tail of RAGE and NF-κB-driven proinflammatory gene expression independently of the liberation of RAGE ligands or the ligand-binding ectodomain of RAGE. The importance of this transactivation pathway was demonstrated by our finding that adverse proinflammatory signaling events induced by AT1 receptor activation were attenuated when RAGE was deleted or transactivation of its cytosolic tail was inhibited. At the same time, classical homeostatic Gq signaling pathways were unaffected by RAGE deletion or inhibition. These data position RAGE transactivation by the AT1 receptor as a target for vasculoprotective interventions. As proof of concept, we showed that treatment with the mutant RAGE peptide S391A-RAGE362-404 was able to inhibit transactivation of RAGE and attenuate Ang II-dependent inflammation and atherogenesis. Furthermore, treatment with WT RAGE362-404 restored Ang II-dependent atherogenesis in Ager/Apoe-KO mice, without restoring ligand-mediated signaling via RAGE, suggesting that the major effector of RAGE activation was its transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene J Pickering
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Tikellis
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carlos J Rosado
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Monique Smith
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olivier Huet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) La Cavale Blanche, Université de Bretagne Ouest, Brest, France
| | - Ruth M Seeber
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Rekhati Abhayawardana
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Km Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Yutang Wang
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Dg Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Merlin C Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Valkovic AL, Leckey MB, Whitehead AR, Hossain MA, Inoue A, Kocan M, Bathgate RAD. Real-time examination of cAMP activity at relaxin family peptide receptors using a BRET-based biosensor. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00432. [PMID: 30263124 PMCID: PMC6153321 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin family peptide (RXFPs) 1-4 receptors modulate the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to produce a range of physiological functions. RXFP1 and RXFP2 increase cAMP via Gαs, whereas RXFP3 and RXFP4 inhibit cAMP via Gαi/o. RXFP1 also shows a delayed increase in cAMP downstream of Gαi3. In this study we have assessed whether the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor CAMYEL (cAMP sensor using YFP-Epac-Rluc), which allows real-time measurement of cAMP activity in live cells, will aid in understanding ligand- and cell-specific RXFP signaling. CAMYEL detected concentration-dependent changes in cAMP activity at RXFP1-4 in recombinant cell lines, using a variety of ligands with potencies comparable to those seen in conventional cAMP assays. We used RXFP2 and RXFP3 antagonists to demonstrate that CAMYEL detects dynamic changes in cAMP by reversing cAMP activation or inhibition respectively, with real-time addition of antagonist after agonist stimulation. To demonstrate the utility of CAMYEL to detect cAMP activation in native cells expressing low levels of RXFP receptor, we cloned CAMYEL into a lentiviral vector and transduced THP-1 cells, which express low levels of RXFP1. THP-1 CAMYEL cells demonstrated robust cAMP activation in response to relaxin. However, the CAMYEL assay was unable to detect the Gαi3-mediated phase of RXFP1 cAMP activation in PTX-treated THP-1 cells or HEK293A cells with knockout of Gαs. Our data demonstrate that cytoplasmically-expressed CAMYEL efficiently detects real-time cAMP activation by Gαs or inhibition by Gαi/o but may not detect cAMP generated in specific intracellular compartments such as that generated by Gαi3 upon RXFP1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Valkovic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Miranda B. Leckey
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alice R. Whitehead
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mohammed A. Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku UniversityAobaMiyagiJapan
| | - Martina Kocan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ross A. D. Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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21
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Sampaio NG, Kocan M, Schofield L, Pfleger KDG, Eriksson EM. Investigation of interactions between TLR2, MyD88 and TIRAP by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer is hampered by artefacts of protein overexpression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202408. [PMID: 30138457 PMCID: PMC6107161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors that can detect pathogen and danger associated molecular patterns to initiate an innate immune response. TLR1 and 2 heterodimerize at the plasma membrane upon binding to triacylated lipopeptides from bacterial cell walls, or to the synthetic ligand Pam3CSK4. TLR1/2 dimers interact with adaptor molecules TIRAP and MyD88 to initiate a signalling cascade that leads to activation of key transcription factors, including NF-kB. Despite TLRs being extensively studied over the last two decades, the real-time kinetics of ligand binding and receptor activation remains largely unexplored. We aimed to study the kinetics of TLR activation and recruitment of adaptors, using TLR1/2 dimer interactions with adaptors MyD88 and TIRAP. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) allows detection of real-time protein-protein interactions in living cells, and was applied to study adaptor recruitment to TLRs. Energy transfer showed interactions between TLR2 and TIRAP, and between TLR2 and MyD88 only in the presence of TIRAP. Quantitative BRET and confocal microscopy confirmed that TIRAP is necessary for MyD88 interaction with TLR2. Furthermore, constitutive proximity between the proteins in the absence of Pam3CSK4 stimulation was observed with BRET, and was not abrogated with lowered protein expression, changes in protein tagging strategies, or use of the brighter NanoLuc luciferase. However, co-immunoprecipitation studies did not demonstrate constitutive interaction between these proteins, suggesting that the interaction observed with BRET likely represents artefacts of protein overexpression. Thus, caution should be taken when utilizing protein overexpression in BRET studies and in investigations of the TLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália G. Sampaio
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Martina Kocan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Schofield
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily M. Eriksson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Tóth AD, Prokop S, Gyombolai P, Várnai P, Balla A, Gurevich VV, Hunyady L, Turu G. Heterologous phosphorylation-induced formation of a stability lock permits regulation of inactive receptors by β-arrestins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:876-892. [PMID: 29146594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins are key regulators and signal transducers of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The interaction between receptors and β-arrestins is generally believed to require both receptor activity and phosphorylation by GPCR kinases. In this study, we investigated whether β-arrestins are able to bind second messenger kinase-phosphorylated, but inactive receptors as well. Because heterologous phosphorylation is a common phenomenon among GPCRs, this mode of β-arrestin activation may represent a novel mechanism of signal transduction and receptor cross-talk. Here we demonstrate that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol myristate acetate, Gq/11-coupled GPCR, or epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation promotes β-arrestin2 recruitment to unliganded AT1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R). We found that this interaction depends on the stability lock, a structure responsible for the sustained binding between GPCRs and β-arrestins, formed by phosphorylated serine-threonine clusters in the receptor's C terminus and two conserved phosphate-binding lysines in the β-arrestin2 N-domain. Using improved FlAsH-based serine-threonine clusters β-arrestin2 conformational biosensors, we also show that the stability lock not only stabilizes the receptor-β-arrestin interaction, but also governs the structural rearrangements within β-arrestins. Furthermore, we found that β-arrestin2 binds to PKC-phosphorylated AT1R in a distinct active conformation, which triggers MAPK recruitment and receptor internalization. Our results provide new insights into the activation of β-arrestins and reveal their novel role in receptor cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyombolai
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Péter Várnai
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - András Balla
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - László Hunyady
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, .,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Gábor Turu
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
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23
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Gagarinova A, Phanse S, Cygler M, Babu M. Insights from protein-protein interaction studies on bacterial pathogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:779-797. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1365603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Gagarinova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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24
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Reiter E, Ayoub MA, Pellissier LP, Landomiel F, Musnier A, Tréfier A, Gandia J, De Pascali F, Tahir S, Yvinec R, Bruneau G, Poupon A, Crépieux P. β-arrestin signalling and bias in hormone-responsive GPCRs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:28-41. [PMID: 28174117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play crucial roles in the ability of target organs to respond to hormonal cues. GPCRs' activation mechanisms have long been considered as a two-state process connecting the agonist-bound receptor to heterotrimeric G proteins. This view is now challenged as mounting evidence point to GPCRs being connected to large arrays of transduction mechanisms involving heterotrimeric G proteins as well as other players. Amongst the G protein-independent transduction mechanisms, those elicited by β-arrestins upon their recruitment to the active receptors are by far the best characterized and apply to most GPCRs. These concepts, in conjunction with remarkable advances made in the field of GPCR structural biology and biophysics, have supported the notion of ligand-selective signalling also known as pharmacological bias. Interestingly, recent reports have opened intriguing prospects to the way β-arrestins control GPCR-mediated signalling in space and time within the cells. In the present paper, we review the existing evidence linking endocrine-related GPCRs to β-arrestin recruitement, signalling, pathophysiological implications and selective activation by biased ligands and/or receptor modifications. Emerging concepts surrounding β-arrestin-mediated transduction are discussed in the light of the peculiarities of endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; LE STUDIUM(®) Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, 45000, Orléans, France; Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Flavie Landomiel
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Astrid Musnier
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aurélie Tréfier
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jorge Gandia
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Shifa Tahir
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Romain Yvinec
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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25
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Using nanoBRET and CRISPR/Cas9 to monitor proximity to a genome-edited protein in real-time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3187. [PMID: 28600500 PMCID: PMC5466623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has been a vital tool for understanding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. It has been used to investigate GPCR-protein and/or -ligand interactions as well as GPCR oligomerisation. However the utility of BRET is limited by the requirement that the fusion proteins, and in particular the donor, need to be exogenously expressed. To address this, we have used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair to generate protein-Nanoluciferase (Nluc) fusions under endogenous promotion, thus allowing investigation of proximity between the genome-edited protein and an exogenously expressed protein by BRET. Here we report BRET monitoring of GPCR-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment and internalisation where the donor luciferase was under endogenous promotion, in live cells and in real time. We have investigated the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create genome-edited fusion proteins that can be used as BRET donors and propose that this strategy can be used to overcome the need for exogenous donor expression.
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26
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ML290 is a biased allosteric agonist at the relaxin receptor RXFP1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2968. [PMID: 28592882 PMCID: PMC5462828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the relaxin receptor RXFP1 has been associated with improved survival in acute heart failure. ML290 is a small molecule RXFP1 agonist with simple structure, long half-life and high stability. Here we demonstrate that ML290 is a biased agonist in human cells expressing RXFP1 with long-term beneficial actions on markers of fibrosis in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). ML290 did not directly compete with orthosteric relaxin binding and did not affect binding kinetics, but did increase binding to RXFP1. In HEK-RXFP1 cells, ML290 stimulated cAMP accumulation and p38MAPK phosphorylation but not cGMP accumulation or ERK1/2 phosphorylation although prior addition of ML290 increased p-ERK1/2 responses to relaxin. In human primary vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells that endogenously express RXFP1, ML290 increased both cAMP and cGMP accumulation but not p-ERK1/2. In HCFs, ML290 increased cGMP accumulation but did not affect p-ERK1/2 and given chronically activated MMP-2 expression and inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation. In vascular cells, ML290 was 10x more potent for cGMP accumulation and p-p38MAPK than for cAMP accumulation. ML290 caused strong coupling of RXFP1 to Gαs and GαoB but weak coupling to Gαi3. ML290 exhibited signalling bias at RXFP1 possessing a signalling profile indicative of vasodilator and anti-fibrotic properties.
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27
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The actions of relaxin family peptides on signal transduction pathways activated by the relaxin family peptide receptor RXFP4. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:105-111. [PMID: 27888281 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in the colorectum with emerging roles in metabolism and appetite regulation. It is activated by its cognate ligand insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) that is expressed in enteroendocrine L cells in the gut. Whether other evolutionarily related peptides such as relaxin-2, relaxin-3, or INSL3 activate RXFP4 signal transduction mechanisms with a pattern similar to or distinct from INSL5 is still unclear. In this study, we compare the signaling pathways activated by various relaxin family peptides to INSL5. We found that, like INSL5, relaxin-3 activated ERK1/2, p38MAPK, Akt, and S6RP phosphorylations leading to increased cell proliferation and also caused GRK and β-arrestin-mediated receptor internalization. Interestingly, relaxin-3 was slightly more potent than INSL5 in ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylations, but both peptides were almost equipotent in adenylyl cyclase inhibition, S6RP phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. In addition, relaxin-3 showed greater efficacy only in Akt phosphorylation but not in the other pathways investigated. In contrast, no signaling activity or receptor internalization mechanisms were observed following relaxin-2 and INSL3. In conclusion, relaxin-3 is a high-efficacy agonist at RXFP4 with a comparable signal transduction profile to INSL5.
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28
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In Vivo Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions with Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET): Progress and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101704. [PMID: 27727181 PMCID: PMC5085736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the elementary machinery of life, and their functions are carried out mostly by molecular interactions. Among those interactions, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the most important as they participate in or mediate all essential biological processes. However, many common methods for PPI investigations are slightly unreliable and suffer from various limitations, especially in the studies of dynamic PPIs. To solve this problem, a method called Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) was developed about seventeen years ago. Since then, BRET has evolved into a whole class of methods that can be used to survey virtually any kinds of PPIs. Compared to many traditional methods, BRET is highly sensitive, reliable, easy to perform, and relatively inexpensive. However, most importantly, it can be done in vivo and allows the real-time monitoring of dynamic PPIs with the easily detectable light signal, which is extremely valuable for the PPI functional research. This review will take a comprehensive look at this powerful technique, including its principles, comparisons with other methods, experimental approaches, classifications, applications, early developments, recent progress, and prospects.
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29
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Stoddart LA, White CW, Nguyen K, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Fluorescence- and bioluminescence-based approaches to study GPCR ligand binding. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3028-37. [PMID: 26317175 PMCID: PMC5125978 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding is a vital component of any pharmacologist's toolbox and allows the detailed investigation of how a molecule binds to its receptor. These studies enable the experimental determination of binding affinity of labelled and unlabelled compounds through kinetic, saturation (Kd ) and competition (Ki ) binding assays. Traditionally, these studies have used molecules labelled with radioisotopes; however, more recently, fluorescent ligands have been developed for this purpose. This review will briefly cover receptor ligand binding theory and then discuss the use of fluorescent ligands with some of the different technologies currently employed to examine ligand binding. Fluorescent ligands can be used for direct measurement of receptor-associated fluorescence using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry as well as in assays such as fluorescence polarization, where ligand binding is monitored by changes in the free rotation when a fluorescent ligand is bound to a receptor. Additionally, fluorescent ligands can act as donors or acceptors for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with the development of assays based on FRET and time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET). Finally, we have recently developed a novel bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) ligand binding assay utilizing a small (19 kDa), super-bright luciferase subunit (NanoLuc) from a deep sea shrimp. In combination with fluorescent ligands, measurement of RET now provides an array of methodologies to study ligand binding. While each method has its own advantages and drawbacks, binding studies using fluorescent ligands are now a viable alternative to the use of radioligands. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carl W White
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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30
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Ang SY, Hutchinson DS, Patil N, Evans BA, Bathgate RAD, Halls ML, Hossain MA, Summers RJ, Kocan M. Signal transduction pathways activated by insulin-like peptide 5 at the relaxin family peptide RXFP4 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1077-1089. [PMID: 27243554 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a two-chain, three-disulfide-bonded peptide of the insulin/relaxin superfamily, uniquely expressed in enteroendocrine L-cells of the colon. It is the cognate ligand of relaxin family peptide RXFP4 receptor that is mainly expressed in the colorectum and enteric nervous system. This study identifies new signalling pathways activated by INSL5 acting on RXFP4 receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH INSL5/RXFP4 receptor signalling was investigated using AlphaScreen® proximity assays. Recruitment of Gαi/o proteins by RXFP4 receptors was determined by rescue of Pertussis toxin (PTX)-inhibited cAMP and ERK1/2 responses following transient transfection of PTX-insensitive Gαi/o C351I mutants. Cell proliferation was studied with bromodeoxyuridine. RXFP4 receptor interactions with β-arrestins, GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), KRas and Rab5a was assessed with real-time BRET. Gene expression was investigated using real-time quantitative PCR. Insulin release was measured using HTRF and intracellular Ca2+ flux monitored in a Flexstation® using Fluo-4-AM. KEY RESULTS INSL5 inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, Akt Ser473 , Akt Thr308 and S6 ribosomal protein. cAMP and ERK1/2 responses were abolished by PTX and rescued by mGαoA , mGαoB and mGαi2 and to a lesser extent mGαi1 and mGαi3 . RXFP4 receptors interacted with GRK2 and β-arrestins, moved towards Rab5a and away from KRas, indicating internalisation following receptor activation. INSL5 inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and Ca2+ mobilisation in MIN6 insulinoma cells and forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in NCI-H716 enteroendocrine cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Knowledge of signalling pathways activated by INSL5 at RXFP4 receptors is essential for understanding the biological roles of this novel gut hormone. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Y Ang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammed A Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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31
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Tiulpakov A, White CW, Abhayawardana RS, See HB, Chan AS, Seeber RM, Heng JI, Dedov I, Pavlos NJ, Pfleger KDG. Mutations of Vasopressin Receptor 2 Including Novel L312S Have Differential Effects on Trafficking. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:889-904. [PMID: 27355191 PMCID: PMC4965841 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is a genetic disease first described in 2 unrelated male infants with severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Despite undetectable arginine vasopressin levels, patients have inappropriately concentrated urine resulting in hyponatremia, hypoosmolality, and natriuresis. Here, we describe and functionally characterize a novel vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) gain-of-function mutation. An L312S substitution in the seventh transmembrane domain was identified in a boy presenting with water-induced hyponatremic seizures at the age of 5.8 years. We show that, compared with wild-type V2R, the L312S mutation results in the constitutive production of cAMP, indicative of the gain-of-function NSIAD profile. Interestingly, like the previously described F229V and I130N NSIAD-causing mutants, this appears to both occur in the absence of notable constitutive β-arrestin2 recruitment and can be reduced by the inverse agonist Tolvaptan. In addition, to understand the effect of various V2R substitutions on the full receptor "life-cycle," we have used and further developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer intracellular localization assay using multiple localization markers validated with confocal microscopy. This allowed us to characterize differences in the constitutive and ligand-induced localization and trafficking profiles of the novel L312S mutation as well as for previously described V2R gain-of-function mutants (NSIAD; R137C and R137L), loss-of-function mutants (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; R137H, R181C, and M311V), and a putative silent V266A V2R polymorphism. In doing so, we describe differences in trafficking between unique V2R substitutions, even at the same amino acid position, therefore highlighting the value of full and thorough characterization of receptor function beyond simple signaling pathway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Tiulpakov
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Carl W White
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Rekhati S Abhayawardana
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Heng B See
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Audrey S Chan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Ruth M Seeber
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Julian I Heng
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Ivan Dedov
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.), QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research (C.W.W., R.S.A., H.B.S., R.M.S., J.I.H., K.D.G.P.) and School of Surgery (A.S.C., N.J.P.), The University of Western Australia; and Dimerix Limited (K.D.G.P.), Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Department and Laboratory of Inherited Endocrine Disorders (A.T., I.D.), Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow 117036, Russia
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Tian H, Fürstenberg A, Huber T. Labeling and Single-Molecule Methods To Monitor G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dynamics. Chem Rev 2016; 117:186-245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Snider J, Kotlyar M, Saraon P, Yao Z, Jurisica I, Stagljar I. Fundamentals of protein interaction network mapping. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:848. [PMID: 26681426 PMCID: PMC4704491 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying protein interaction networks of all proteins in an organism (“interactomes”) remains one of the major challenges in modern biomedicine. Such information is crucial to understanding cellular pathways and developing effective therapies for the treatment of human diseases. Over the past two decades, diverse biochemical, genetic, and cell biological methods have been developed to map interactomes. In this review, we highlight basic principles of interactome mapping. Specifically, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of individual assays, how to select a method appropriate for the problem being studied, and provide general guidelines for carrying out the necessary follow‐up analyses. In addition, we discuss computational methods to predict, map, and visualize interactomes, and provide a summary of some of the most important interactome resources. We hope that this review serves as both a useful overview of the field and a guide to help more scientists actively employ these powerful approaches in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, IBM Life Sciences Discovery Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Punit Saraon
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, IBM Life Sciences Discovery Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Machleidt T, Woodroofe CC, Schwinn MK, Méndez J, Robers MB, Zimmerman K, Otto P, Daniels DL, Kirkland TA, Wood KV. NanoBRET--A Novel BRET Platform for the Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1797-804. [PMID: 26006698 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between proteins comprise a key mechanism for temporal control of cellular function and thus hold promise for development of novel drug therapies. It remains technically challenging, however, to quantitatively characterize these interactions within the biologically relevant context of living cells. Although, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has often been used for this purpose, its general applicability has been hindered by limited sensitivity and dynamic range. We have addressed this by combining an extremely bright luciferase (Nanoluc) with a means for tagging intracellular proteins with a long-wavelength fluorophore (HaloTag). The small size (19 kDa), high emission intensity, and relatively narrow spectrum (460 nm peak intensity) make Nanoluc luciferase well suited as an energy donor. By selecting an efficient red-emitting fluorophore (635 nm peak intensity) for attachment onto the HaloTag, an overall spectral separation exceeding 175 nm was achieved. This combination of greater light intensity with improved spectral resolution results in substantially increased detection sensitivity and dynamic range over current BRET technologies. Enhanced performance is demonstrated using several established model systems, as well as the ability to image BRET in individual cells. The capabilities are further exhibited in a novel assay developed for analyzing the interactions of bromodomain proteins with chromatin in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Machleidt
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Carolyn C. Woodroofe
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Marie K. Schwinn
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Jacqui Méndez
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Matthew B. Robers
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Kris Zimmerman
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Paul Otto
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Danette L. Daniels
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Keith V. Wood
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
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Stoddart LA, Johnstone EKM, Wheal AJ, Goulding J, Robers MB, Machleidt T, Wood KV, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Application of BRET to monitor ligand binding to GPCRs. Nat Methods 2015; 12:661-663. [PMID: 26030448 PMCID: PMC4488387 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a well-established method for investigating protein-protein interactions. Here we present a novel BRET approach to monitor ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of living cells made possible by the use of fluorescent ligands in combination with a novel bioluminescent protein (NanoLuc) that can be readily expressed on the N-terminus of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheal
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Keith V Wood
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Ayoub MA, Zhang Y, Kelly RS, See HB, Johnstone EKM, McCall EA, Williams JH, Kelly DJ, Pfleger KDG. Functional interaction between angiotensin II receptor type 1 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 with implications for chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119803. [PMID: 25807547 PMCID: PMC4373786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding functional interactions between G protein-coupled receptors is of great physiological and pathophysiological importance. Heteromerization provides one important potential mechanism for such interaction between different signalling pathways via macromolecular complex formation. Previous studies suggested a functional interplay between angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and Chemokine (C-C motif) Receptor 2 (CCR2). However the molecular mechanisms are not understood. We investigated AT1-CCR2 functional interaction in vitro using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in HEK293 cells and in vivo using subtotal-nephrectomized rats as a well-established model for chronic kidney disease. Our data revealed functional heteromers of these receptors resulting in CCR2-Gαi1 coupling being sensitive to AT1 activation, as well as apparent enhanced β-arrestin2 recruitment with agonist co-stimulation that is synergistically reversed by combined antagonist treatment. Moreover, we present in vivo findings where combined treatment with AT1- and CCR2-selective inhibitors was synergistically beneficial in terms of decreasing proteinuria, reducing podocyte loss and preventing renal injury independent of blood pressure in the subtotal-nephrectomized rat model. Our findings further support a role for G protein-coupled receptor functional heteromerization in pathophysiology and provide insights into previous observations indicating the importance of AT1-CCR2 functional interaction in inflammation, renal and hypertensive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn S. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heng B. See
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Dimerix Bioscience Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Baiula M. Monitoring opioid receptor dimerization in living cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1230:105-113. [PMID: 25293319 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1708-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a natural phenomenon that has been successfully applied for the study of protein-protein interactions, including opioid receptor oligomers. The discovery of opioid receptor homomers and heteromers has brought to the finding of new functions and new way of signaling and trafficking; therefore, opioid receptor oligomers may be considered as novel drug targets. Fusing receptors of interest with Renilla luciferase and with a fluorescent protein (such as EYFP), it is possible to study opioid receptor dimerization using BRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy,
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Johnstone EKM, Pfleger KDG. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Approaches to Discover Bias in GPCR Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1335:191-204. [PMID: 26260602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2914-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a well-established technique for investigating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology. BRET enables the monitoring of molecular proximity through the use of heterologously expressed proteins of interest and/or fluorophore-labeled ligands. Fusion to a donor luciferase enzyme or an acceptor fluorophore and subsequent detection of resonance energy transfer indicate the close proximity of the molecules of interest. As BRET is readily applied to the study of numerous GPCR signaling and regulatory paths, it is an ideal technique for investigating the pharmacology of biased ligands and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Kocan M, Sarwar M, Hossain MA, Wade JD, Summers RJ. Signalling profiles of H3 relaxin, H2 relaxin and R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 acting at the relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3). Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2827-41. [PMID: 24641548 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3) is expressed in brain areas important for processing sensory information and feeding, suggesting that it may be a target for anti-anxiety and anti-obesity drugs. We examined the effects of H3 relaxin, the biased agonist H2 relaxin and the antagonist, R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5, on RXFP3 signalling to establish their suitability as tools to assess the physiological roles of RXFP3. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The signalling profile of the RXFP3 ligands was determined using reporter gene assays, multiplexed signalling assays and direct examination of receptor-G protein and receptor-β-arrestin interactions using BRET. KEY RESULTS H2 relaxin activated p38MAPK and ERK1/2 with lower efficacy than H3 relaxin, but had similar efficacy for JNK1/2 phosphorylation. H2 or H3 relaxin activation of p38MAPK, JNK1/2 or ERK1/2 involved Pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 blocked H3 relaxin AP-1 reporter gene activation, but not H2 relaxin AP-1 activation or H3 relaxin NF-κB activation. R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 activated the SRE reporter, but did not inhibit either H2 or H3 relaxin SRE activation. R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 blocked H3 relaxin-stimulated p38MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but was a weak partial agonist for p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signalling. p38MAPK activation by R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 was G protein-independent. H3 relaxin-activated RXFP3 interacts with Gαi2 , Gαi3 , Gαo A and Gαo B whereas H2 relaxin or R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 induce interactions only with Gαi2 or Gαo B . Only H3 relaxin promoted RXFP3/β-arrestin interactions that were blocked by R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Understanding signalling profile of drugs acting at RXFP3 is essential for development of therapies targeting this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kocan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jaeger WC, Seeber RM, Eidne KA, Pfleger KDG. Molecular determinants of orexin receptor-arrestin-ubiquitin complex formation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:364-74. [PMID: 24206104 PMCID: PMC3904257 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The orexin system regulates a multitude of key physiological processes, particularly involving maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, there is considerable potential for pharmaceutical development for the treatment of disorders from narcolepsy to metabolic syndrome. It acts through the hormonal activity of two endogenous peptides, orexin A binding to orexin receptors 1 and 2 (OX₁ and OX₂) with similar affinity, and orexin B binding to OX₂ with higher affinity than OX₁ receptors. We have previously revealed data differentiating orexin receptor subtypes with respect to their relative stability in forming orexin receptor-arrestin-ubiquitin complexes measured by BRET. Recycling and cellular signalling distinctions were also observed. Here, we have investigated, using BRET, the molecular determinants involved in providing OX₂ receptors with greater β-arrestin-ubiquitin complex stability. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The contribution of the C-terminal tail of the OX receptors was investigated by bulk substitution and site-specific mutagenesis using BRET and inositol phosphate assays. KEY RESULTS Replacement of the OX₁ receptor C-terminus with that of the OX₂ receptor did not result in the expected gain of function, indicating a role for intracellular domain configuration in addition to primary structure. Furthermore, two out of the three putative serine/threonine clusters in the C-terminus were found to be involved in OX₂ receptor-β-arrestin-ubiquitin complex formation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides fundamental insights into the molecular elements that influence receptor-arrestin-ubiquitin complex formation. Understanding how and why the orexin receptors can be functionally differentiated brings us closer to exploiting these receptors as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner C Jaeger
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Chow BSM, Kocan M, Bosnyak S, Sarwar M, Wigg B, Jones ES, Widdop RE, Summers RJ, Bathgate RA, Hewitson TD, Samuel CS. Relaxin requires the angiotensin II type 2 receptor to abrogate renal interstitial fibrosis. Kidney Int 2014; 86:75-85. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jaeger WC, Armstrong SP, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Biophysical Detection of Diversity and Bias in GPCR Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:26. [PMID: 24634666 PMCID: PMC3943086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) function in complexes with a range of molecules and proteins including ligands, G proteins, arrestins, ubiquitin, and other receptors. Elements of these complexes may interact constitutively or dynamically, dependent upon factors such as ligand binding, phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation. They may also be allosterically modulated by other proteins in a manner that changes temporally and spatially within the cell. Elucidating how these complexes function has been greatly enhanced by biophysical technologies that are able to monitor proximity and/or binding, often in real time and in live cells. These include resonance energy transfer approaches such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Furthermore, the use of fluorescent ligands has enabled novel insights into allosteric interactions between GPCRs. Consequently, biophysical approaches are helping to unlock the amazing diversity and bias in G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner C. Jaeger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Armstrong
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dimerix Bioscience Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin D. G. Pfleger, Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia e-mail:
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Jensen DD, Godfrey CB, Niklas C, Canals M, Kocan M, Poole DP, Murphy JE, Alemi F, Cottrell GS, Korbmacher C, Lambert NA, Bunnett NW, Corvera CU. The bile acid receptor TGR5 does not interact with β-arrestins or traffic to endosomes but transmits sustained signals from plasma membrane rafts. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22942-60. [PMID: 23818521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates bile acid (BA) effects on energy balance, inflammation, digestion, and sensation. The mechanisms and spatiotemporal control of TGR5 signaling are poorly understood. We investigated TGR5 signaling and trafficking in transfected HEK293 cells and colonocytes (NCM460) that endogenously express TGR5. BAs (deoxycholic acid (DCA), taurolithocholic acid) and the selective agonists oleanolic acid and 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N, 5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide stimulated cAMP formation but did not induce TGR5 endocytosis or recruitment of β-arrestins, as assessed by confocal microscopy. DCA, taurolithocholic acid, and oleanolic acid did not stimulate TGR5 association with β-arrestin 1/2 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2/5/6, as determined by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N, 5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide stimulated a low level of TGR5 interaction with β-arrestin 2 and GRK2. DCA induced cAMP formation at the plasma membrane and cytosol, as determined using exchange factor directly regulated by cAMP (Epac2)-based reporters, but cAMP signals did not desensitize. AG1478, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, the metalloprotease inhibitor batimastat, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin and filipin, which block lipid raft formation, prevented DCA stimulation of ERK1/2. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed TGR5 and EGFR interactions that were blocked by disruption of lipid rafts. DCA stimulated TGR5 redistribution to plasma membrane microdomains, as localized by immunogold electron microscopy. Thus, TGR5 does not interact with β-arrestins, desensitize, or traffic to endosomes. TGR5 signals from plasma membrane rafts that facilitate EGFR interaction and transactivation. An understanding of the spatiotemporal control of TGR5 signaling provides insights into the actions of BAs and therapeutic TGR5 agonists/antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane D Jensen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Inhibitors that stabilize a closed RAF kinase domain conformation induce dimerization. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:428-36. [PMID: 23685672 PMCID: PMC4954776 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RAF kinases play a prominent role in cancer. Their mode of activation is complex, but critically requires dimerization of their kinase domains. Unexpectedly, several ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors were recently found to promote dimerization and transactivation of RAF kinases in a RAS-dependent manner and as a result undesirably stimulate RAS/ERK-mediated cell growth. The mechanism by which these inhibitors induce RAF kinase domain dimerization remains unclear. Here we describe BRET-based biosensors for the extended RAF family enabling the detection of RAF dimerization in living cells. Notably, we demonstrate the utility of these tools for profiling kinase inhibitors that selectively modulate RAF dimerization as well as for probing structural determinants of RAF dimerization in vivo. Our findings, which appear generalizable to other kinase families allosterically regulated by kinase domain dimerization, suggest a model whereby ATP-competitive inhibitors mediate RAF dimerization by stabilizing a rigid closed conformation of the kinase domain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioluminescence technology is based on the luciferin-luciferase reaction and is generally well known as a reporter gene assay system that uses firefly luciferase. It has revolutionized the field of transcriptional analysis owing to its usability and quantitative capability. Several methods for transcription analysis have emerged in the past two decades. Recently, novel bioluminescence techniques that differ from typical approaches were developed for the detection of transcriptional regulation or direct protein-protein interactions. OBJECTIVE As each method has its own characteristics, this review summarizes the latest bioluminescence methods that are applicable to the field of drug discovery research. METHODS Considering the diversity of related techniques, this review covers several aspects that have been divided into the following classes: variation of reporter gene assays, secretion properties, protein-protein interaction assays in living cells and bioluminescence imaging of living cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The practical application of several luciferins and/or luciferases and the generation of novel applications by incorporating fluorescent molecules into bioluminescence techniques will become increasingly important because bioluminescence technology has a significant potential depending on how we use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Hoshino
- Cell Dynamics Research Group Research Institute for Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan +81 72 751 7997 ; +81 72 751 9628 ;
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Flajolet M, Agnati LF, Greengard P, Fuxe K. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer methods to study G protein-coupled receptor-receptor tyrosine kinase heteroreceptor complexes. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 117:141-64. [PMID: 24143976 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408143-7.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can form heteroreceptor complexes. In these complexes, the signaling from each interacting protomer is modulated to produce an integrated and therefore novel response upon agonist(s) activation. In the GPCR-RTK heteroreceptor complexes, GPCRs can activate RTK in the absence of added growth factor through the use of RTK signaling molecules. This integrative phenomenon is reciprocal and can place also RTK signaling downstream of GPCR. Formation of either stable or transient complexes by these two important classes of membrane receptors is involved in regulating all aspects of receptor function, from ligand binding to signal transduction, trafficking, desensitization, and downregulation among others. Functional phenomena can be modulated with conformation-specific inhibitors that stabilize defined GPCR states to abrogate both GPCR agonist- and growth factor-stimulated cell responses or by means of small interfering heteroreceptor complex interface peptides. The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology has emerged as a powerful method to study the structure of heteroreceptor complexes closely associated with the study of receptor-receptor interactions in such complexes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of different BRET(2) assays that can be used to study the structure of GPCR-RTK heteroreceptor complexes and their functions. Various experimental designs for optimization of these experiments are also described.
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Alford SC, Wu J, Zhao Y, Campbell RE, Knöpfel T. Optogenetic reporters. Biol Cell 2012; 105:14-29. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dacres H, Michie M, Wang J, Pfleger KDG, Trowell SC. Effect of enhanced Renilla luciferase and fluorescent protein variants on the Förster distance of Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:625-9. [PMID: 22877756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is an important tool for monitoring macromolecular interactions and is useful as a transduction technique for biosensor development. Förster distance (R(0)), the intermolecular separation characterized by 50% of the maximum possible energy transfer, is a critical BRET parameter. R(0) provides a means of linking measured changes in BRET ratio to a physical dimension scale and allows estimation of the range of distances that can be measured by any donor-acceptor pair. The sensitivity of BRET assays has recently been improved by introduction of new BRET components, RLuc2, RLuc8 and Venus with improved quantum yields, stability and brightness. We determined R(0) for BRET(1) systems incorporating novel RLuc variants RLuc2 or RLuc8, in combination with Venus, as 5.68 or 5.55 nm respectively. These values were approximately 25% higher than the R(0) of the original BRET(1) system. R(0) for BRET(2) systems combining green fluorescent proteins (GFP(2)) with RLuc2 or RLuc8 variants was 7.67 or 8.15 nm, i.e. only 2-9% greater than the original BRET(2) system despite being ~30-fold brighter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Dacres
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship & Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, Australia.
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Felce JH, Davis SJ. Unraveling receptor stoichiometry using bret. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:86. [PMID: 22807923 PMCID: PMC3394964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Felce
- T-cell Biology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
| | - Simon J. Davis
- T-cell Biology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
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Mustafa S, See HB, Seeber RM, Armstrong SP, White CW, Ventura S, Ayoub MA, Pfleger KDG. Identification and profiling of novel α1A-adrenoceptor-CXC chemokine receptor 2 heteromer. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12952-65. [PMID: 22371491 PMCID: PMC3340001 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.322834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have provided the first evidence for specific heteromerization between the α(1A)-adrenoceptor (α(1A)AR) and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in live cells. α(1A)AR and CXCR2 are both expressed in areas such as the stromal smooth muscle layer of the prostate. By utilizing the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteromer identification technology on the live cell-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay platform, our studies in human embryonic kidney 293 cells have identified norepinephrine-dependent β-arrestin recruitment that was in turn dependent upon co-expression of α(1A)AR with CXCR2. These findings have been supported by co-localization observed using confocal microscopy. This norepinephrine-dependent β-arrestin recruitment was inhibited not only by the α(1)AR antagonist Terazosin but also by the CXCR2-specific allosteric inverse agonist SB265610. Furthermore, Labetalol, which is marketed for hypertension as a nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist with α(1)AR antagonist properties, was identified as a heteromer-specific-biased agonist exhibiting partial agonism for inositol phosphate production but essentially full agonism for β-arrestin recruitment at the α(1A)AR-CXCR2 heteromer. Finally, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies with both receptors tagged suggest that α(1A)AR-CXCR2 heteromerization occurs constitutively and is not modulated by ligand. These findings support the concept of GPCR heteromer complexes exhibiting distinct pharmacology, thereby providing additional mechanisms through which GPCRs can potentially achieve their diverse biological functions. This has important implications for the use and future development of pharmaceuticals targeting these receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Allosteric Regulation/physiology
- Animals
- Arrestins/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inositol Phosphates/metabolism
- Labetalol/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Prazosin/analogs & derivatives
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Prostate/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- beta-Arrestins
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Mustafa
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009
| | - Heng B. See
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009
| | - Ruth M. Seeber
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009
| | - Stephen P. Armstrong
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009
| | - Carl W. White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052 and
| | - Sabatino Ventura
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052 and
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009
- Dimerix Bioscience Pty Ltd, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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