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Travaglino GA, Burgmer P, Mirisola A. Alternative Systems: The Interplay Between Criminal Groups' Influence and Political Trust on Civic Honesty in the Global Context. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2024; 15:439-449. [PMID: 38572171 PMCID: PMC10984803 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231176615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Individuals' endorsement of standards of civic honesty is necessary for democracies to flourish. A critical driver of civic honesty is the relationship of trust between individuals and institutions. Research has yet to systematically assess the contextual factors that may moderate this relationship. In this study, we examined the societal influence of organized criminal groups. Criminal groups operate as alternative systems of authority that erode the reliability of institutions' moral standards. We employed a new indicator that quantifies their societal influence to test the hypothesis that the association between individuals' political trust and civic honesty would weaken in countries more strongly affected by criminal groups. Multilevel evidence across 83 representative national samples (N = 128,839) supported this hypothesis. Moreover, the association between political trust and civic honesty was negative in contexts where criminal groups' influence was more extreme. We discuss the implications of the findings and future research directions.
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Skafida V, Heins E. Trust in COVID-19 information sources and vaccination status: Exploring social inequalities and differences within the four United Kingdom nations using a representative survey. J Health Serv Res Policy 2024:13558196241227749. [PMID: 38314687 DOI: 10.1177/13558196241227749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how the use of, and trust in, different sources of advice and information on COVID-19 differed across the four UK nations and between different sociodemographic groups and their associations with COVID-19 vaccination status. METHODS We used a UK-wide representative survey conducted in July 2021, which included data on uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, trust in information sources, use of sources and geographical and sociodemographic variables. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with completed or planned COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Trust in the NHS, followed by trust in scientists, were the strongest predictors of vaccination intention. NHS websites were the most used (56% across the UK); only the Scottish government website had a higher level of reported use (58%). Using either source was associated with a positive vaccination status as were use of the GP and television as sources of advice. Use of social media, family and friends, and 'none' of the sources enquired about, were all linked to a lower likelihood of being or intending to get vaccinated. Compared to those in England, respondents in other UK nations were less likely to trust the central UK government for advice on COVID-19. There was considerable variation by age in trust and use of some, but not all, sources of advice, with predicted probabilities ranging from 35% among the youngest age group to 62% among those aged 65 years or older. There were also significant differences by annual household income and by occupational class for trust in government, with higher incomes correlating with greater likelihood of trust. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates high levels of trust in the key sources of public health advice and there was a positive association between using official sources of advice and vaccination intentions, even in the context of overall high vaccination rates. Our findings highlight the need for the UK and devolved governments to value the importance of public trust in the health system and take appropriate measures to avoid undermining such trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Skafida
- Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elke Heins
- Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Smith K, Templeton A. Identity leadership and adherence to COVID-19 safety guidance in hospital settings. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293002. [PMID: 38241228 PMCID: PMC10798463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 presents unique and complex challenges to the Scottish National Health Service (NHS). As COVID-19 preventative measures are effective at reducing disease spread, promoting staff adherence in high-risk workplaces is vital. The present research explored the role of identity leadership on (a) staff's appraisals of leadership and (b) staff's adherence to and attitudes towards COVID-19 guidance. Semi-structured interviews (N = 25) were conducted with NHS staff across two Scottish hospitals. Using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, two over-arching themes were generated: leadership presence and approachable leadership who act on group concerns, where both created positive appraisals of leadership and were seen to facilitate adherence. Guidance from present leaders was perceived as both practical and applicable. Approachable leaders were viewed to facilitate information sharing, clarify guidance, and allow staff to raise concerns. Leaders who were seen to act on group concerns provided resources or updated guidance to promote adherence. The present study provides theoretical and practical advancements to (a) expand the known role of identity leadership in promoting safety in workplaces and (b) facilitate routes for adherence to safety guidance beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Templeton
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Claeys AS, De Waele A. From Message to Messenger: Should Politicians Lead-by-Example to Increase Compliance with Public Health Directives? HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3393-3408. [PMID: 36453247 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2150806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes that in order to increase compliance with government directives during health crises, we should consider the message as well as the messenger. Prior research shows that highly instructional crisis communication increases compliance during acute crisis situations. Crisis communication literature provides no clear answers on how to address prolonged crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, however. We examined the impact of crisis communication on compliance with health directives in March - April 2021, during the third wave of the pandemic in Belgium. Two field experiments were conducted at two different points in time. Participants received an informational message from Belgian authorities, that was either highly instructional or not. Next, they watched a set of messages from traditional and social media, depicting Belgian politicians setting a good or a bad example in terms of adhering to public health directives. Instructional messages only proved to be effective in the first study. Leading-by-example had a stronger impact, especially in study two. During the third wave of COVID-19, Belgian people seemed more inclined to follow public health directives when politicians set the right example, due to an increase in trust in the government. Bad examples, however, decreased compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Claeys
- Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication, Ghent University
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Frisch-Aviram N, Hasan-Aslih S, Halperin E. Communicating with ethnic minorities during COVID-19: An experimental test of the effect of self-, ingroup-, and intergroup-focused messages. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16629. [PMID: 37287611 PMCID: PMC10226279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing messaging to encourage minorities to adhere to health recommendations has been a complex task for governments worldwide during the COVID-19 crisis. Here, we propose and tests a new typology of messages among minorities that can be used to mobilize compliance and engagement. This typology comprises three messaging treatments emphasizing personal, ingroup, and intergroup benefits. We examine, via an experimental field study, whether there is a difference in the effect of these messages on two policy outcomes, social distancing and vaccine hesitancy, among the Arab minority living in Israel. The findings suggest that social messages, i.e., ingroup and intergroup messages, positively affect social distancing, while self-messaging harms social distancing compliance. Regarding vaccine intake, within the social messages tested, intergroup-focused messages were more effective than ingroup-focused messages for vaccination intentions only among citizens with low trust in the government. We discuss the findings in detail and propose new avenues in theory and practice to foster health policy compliance among minorities.
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Hanna K, Clarke P, Woolfall K, Hassan S, Abba K, Hajj TE, Deja E, Ahmed S, Joseph N, Ring A, Allen G, Byrne P, Gabbay M. The perception of risk in contracting and spreading COVID-19 amongst individuals, households and vulnerable groups in England: a longitudinal qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:653. [PMID: 37020218 PMCID: PMC10074336 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social distancing restrictions to manage the COVID-19 pandemic were put in place from March 2020 in the United Kingdom (UK), with those classed as "highly clinically vulnerable" advised to shield entirely and remain at home. However, personal risk perception has been shown to comprise of various elements beyond those outlined in the national pandemic guidance. It is unclear whether those deemed COVID-19 vulnerable identified as high-risk to COVID-19 and thus complied with the relevant advice. The aim of this research is to explore the perception of risk in catching and spreading COVID-19, amongst individuals from individual households, and vulnerable groups in a region of the UK. METHODS Two individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted, four-weeks apart, with adults living in households in the Liverpool City Region. At the follow-up interview, participants were given the option of using photo-elicitation to guide the discussion. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to conceptualise themes. The qualitative analysis was underpinned with symbolic interactionism. RESULTS Twenty-seven participants (13:14 males:females, and 20 with a vulnerable risk factor to COVID-19) completed a baseline interview, and 15 of these completed a follow-up interview four-weeks later. Following thematic analysis, two overarching themes were conceptualised, with subthemes discussed: theme 1) Confusion and trust in the risk prevention guidance; and theme 2) Navigating risk: compliance and non-compliance with public health guidance. CONCLUSION Participants developed their own understanding of COVID-19 risk perception through personal experience and comparison with others around them, irrespective of vulnerability status. COVID-19 guidance was not complied with as intended by the government, and at times even rejected due to lack of trust. The format in which future pandemic guidance is conveyed must be carefully considered, and take into account individuals' experiences that may lead to non-compliance. The findings from our study can inform future public health policy and interventions for COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Hanna
- Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Thompson Yates Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
| | - Pam Clarke
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kerry Woolfall
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shaima Hassan
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katharine Abba
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Deja
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saiqa Ahmed
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neil Joseph
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adele Ring
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerry Allen
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NWC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Byrne
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Gabbay
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NWC, Liverpool, UK
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Kim KE. Ten Takeaways from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Transportation Planners. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 2023; 2677:517-530. [PMID: 37153166 PMCID: PMC10149348 DOI: 10.1177/03611981221090515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges but also unprecedented opportunities for transportation researchers and practitioners. In this article, the major lessons and gaps in knowledge for those working in the transportation sector are identified, including the following: (1) integration between public health and transportation; (2) technology to support contact tracing and tracking of travelers; (3) focus on vulnerable, at-risk operators, patrons, and underserved members of society; (4) re-engineering of travel demand models to support social distancing, quarantine, and public health interventions; (5) challenges with Big Data and information technologies; (6) trust relationships between the general public, government, private sector, and others in disaster management; (7) conflict management during disasters; (8) complexities of transdisciplinary knowledge and engagement; (9) demands for training and education; and (10) transformative change to support community resilience. With a focus on transportation planning and community resilience, the lessons from the pandemic need to be shared and customized for different systems, services, modalities, and users. While many of the interventions during the pandemic have been based on public health, the management, response, recovery, adaptation, and transformation of transportation systems resulting from the crisis require multi-disciplinary, multi-jurisdictional communications and coordination, and resource sharing. Further research to support knowledge to action is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E. Kim
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
- Karl E. Kim,
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Costa-Font J, Vilaplana-Prieto C. Trusting the Health System and COVID 19 Restriction Compliance. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 49:101235. [PMID: 36965359 PMCID: PMC9946735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the extent to which exposure to higher relative COVID-19 mortality (RM), influences health system trust (HST), and whether changes in HST explain the perceived ease of compliance with pandemic restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on evidence from two representative surveys covering all regions of 28 European countries before and after the first COVID-19 wave, and using a difference in differences strategy together with Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM), we document that living in a region with higher RM during the first wave of the pandemic increased HST. However, the positive effect of RM on HST is driven by individuals over 45 years of age, and the opposite effect is found among younger cohorts. Furthemore, we find that a higher HST reduces the costs of complying with COVID-19 restrictions, but only so long as excess mortality does not exceed the average by more than 20%, at which point the ease of complying with COVID-19 restrictions significantly declines, offsetting the positive effect of trust in the healthcare system. Our interpretation of these estimates is that a higher RM is interpreted as a risk signal among those over 45, and as a signal of health-care system failure among younger age individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Costa-Font
- Department of Health Policy London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), CESIfo & IZA.
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Mitcheltree CM. Towards a sense of urgency for innovation realization: a case study on complacency asymmetries in interorganizational relations. JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36919090 PMCID: PMC9997440 DOI: 10.1186/s13731-023-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper seeks to explore the concept of complacency as a barrier to the sense of urgency within product innovation, by investigating the concept on behalf of interfirm project partners. More specifically, the study aims to understand complacency within the context of an industrial research project in Norway subject to material substitution of an energy transmission tower. As such, the study seeks to give a contextual understanding of complacency for innovation realization (e.g., innovation speed) from a single case study. The study identified different complacency mechanism asymmetries on behalf of the actors, as well as the varying reasons (drivers) to why urgency gaps may occur among actors. The urgency gaps were found to impact a sense of urgency and thus innovation speed negatively. The asymmetries are presented from the drivers: role understanding, competence, project intent, risk and trust. Moreover, the urgency gaps' implications for interorganizational project collaboration, and how they contribute to theory on industrial product innovation, are explained. The findings contribute with new insights on important mechanisms for how a sense of urgency may be enhanced in research projects subject to interorganizational innovation. Theoretical contributions thus relate to enhanced understanding of complacency asymmetry in product innovation collaboration, and how trust is an important dimension for urgency creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Marie Mitcheltree
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway
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10
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Kranzler EC, Luchman JN, Williams CJ, Model TA, Ostby R, Vines M, Weinberg J, Petrun Sayers EL, Kurti AN, Trigger S, Hoffman L, Peck J. Recalled Exposure to COVID-19 Public Education Campaign Advertisements Predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:144-155. [PMID: 37050887 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2181891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between recalled exposure to the We Can Do This COVID-19 Public Education Campaign (the Campaign) and COVID-19 vaccine confidence (the likelihood of vaccination or vaccine uptake) in the general population, including vaccine-hesitant adults (the "Movable Middle"). Analyses used three waves of a triannual, nationally representative panel survey of adults in the U.S. fielded from January to November 2021 (n = 3,446). Proportional odds regression results demonstrated a positive, statistically significant relationship between past 4-month Campaign recall and vaccine confidence, controlling for lagged reports of Campaign recall and vaccine confidence; concurrent and lagged fictional campaign recall; survey wave; and sociodemographics. Results indicated that as one moves from no Campaign recall to infrequent recall, there is a 29% increase in the odds of being in a higher vaccine confidence category. Findings offer evidence of the impact of a COVID-19 public education campaign on increasing vaccine confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa C Kranzler
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ronne Ostby
- Insights & Strategy, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Monica Vines
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jessica Weinberg
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Petrun Sayers
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Allison N Kurti
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah Trigger
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Leah Hoffman
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua Peck
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Seijts G, de Clercy C, Miller R. Character and Trust in Crisis Leadership: Probing the Relationships Among Character, Identification-Based Trust, and Perceptions of Effectiveness in Political Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023; 59:127-154. [PMID: 38603274 PMCID: PMC9247630 DOI: 10.1177/00218863221110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to explore the relationships among character, identification-based trust, and perceptions of leadership effectiveness in the context of crisis leadership. Focusing on the leadership of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, we first explore whether Canadians of voting age believe character is important in political leadership during the pandemic. Second, we examine voter perceptions of the importance of the dimensions of character identified by Crossan et al. (2017) and to what extent voters perceive Trudeau demonstrates the behaviors associated with these dimensions. Third, we explore the role of identification-based trust in the relationship between character and perceptions of leadership effectiveness. Fourth, we study the relationships between character, trust, and effectiveness during dynamic conditions where the stakes for citizens with respect to health and social well-being are high. The results of our study connect character to trust and perceived effectiveness of a political leader during a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Seijts
- Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Ryan Miller
- Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Canada
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Katsanidou A, Kneuer M, Bensmann F, Dimitrov D, Dietze S. Limitations of democratic rights during the Covid-19 pandemic—exploring the citizens’ perception and discussions on dangers to democracy in Germany. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR VERGLEICHENDE POLITIKWISSENSCHAFT 2023. [PMCID: PMC9927050 DOI: 10.1007/s12286-023-00556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The governments’ mitigation measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic are unprecedented in our post-war history. For overcoming this crisis, citizens were expected to act in compliance with these measures in order to control the spread of the virus and keep public health systems functional. This call for protecting the public health at the same time confronted citizens with several and severe limitations of their democratic freedoms and rights: confinement, restriction on freedoms of movement, religion, specific provisions for public protest and finally also limitations to the right of education by school closures. This paper analyzes how citizens perceive the threat the COVID-19 pandemic and especially the mitigation measures posed for democracy. We assume that pandemic waves and pandemic fatigue have an impact on the perception of threat. To see the overall societal picture, we exploit a large-scale archive of online discourse on Twitter out of which we extract democracy-related discourse with the same temporal and geospatial coverage for our investigation. From that data source, we apply computational methods to extract time series data reflecting aggregated opinions and their evolution over time concerned with the correlation of attitudes towards democracy. We them move deeper using a longitudinal panel survey we conducted in November/December 2020, March/April 2021, and July/August 2021. to have a view of the relationship between citizens’ socio-economic status and basic political attitudes. Our multi-method analysis bases on the German case and covers the period from December 2020 to August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Katsanidou
- GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Unter Sachsenhausen 6–8, 50667 Cologne, Germany ,Institute for Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marianne Kneuer
- Institute of Political Science, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Bensmann
- GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Unter Sachsenhausen 6–8, 50667 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Unter Sachsenhausen 6–8, 50667 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Dietze
- GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Unter Sachsenhausen 6–8, 50667 Cologne, Germany ,Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Bostyn DH, Chandrashekar SP, Roets A. Deontologists are not always trusted over utilitarians: revisiting inferences of trustworthiness from moral judgments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1665. [PMID: 36717679 PMCID: PMC9885386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has looked at how people infer the moral character of others based on how they resolve sacrificial moral dilemmas. Previous studies provide consistent evidence for the prediction that those who endorse outcome-maximizing, utilitarian judgments are disfavored in social dilemmas and are seen as less trustworthy in comparison to those who support harm-rejecting deontological judgments. However, research investigating this topic has studied a limited set of sacrificial dilemmas and did not test to what extent these effects might be moderated by specific features of the situation described in the sacrificial dilemma (for instance, whether the dilemma involves mortal or non-mortal harm). In the current manuscript, we assessed the robustness of previous findings by exploring how trust inference of utilitarian and deontological decision makers is moderated by five different contextual factors (such as whether the sacrificial harm is accomplished by an action or inaction), as well as by participants' own moral preferences. While we find some evidence that trust perceptions of others are moderated by dilemma features, we find a much stronger effect of participants' own moral preference: deontologists favored other deontologists and utilitarians favored utilitarians. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 21 September 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21325953 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries H Bostyn
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Subramanya Prasad Chandrashekar
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Edvard Bulls veg 1, 7049, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Roets
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Tian Z, Zhou Z, Huang J, Zhu AYF. Intention to consume news via personal social media network and political trust among young people: The evidence from Hong Kong. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1065059. [PMID: 36710824 PMCID: PMC9878387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1065059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessing the effect of different media sources on political trust provides an overall picture of the role of the current media landscape in influencing the legitimacy of political institutions. Methods A cross-lagged model was developed and tested by applying it to a three-wave dataset obtained by surveying young people in Hong Kong in order to evaluate the unique impact of intention to consume news via personal social media network on political trust. Results After controlling for the impact of other news channels and respondents' prior political interest, we found their political trust was most significantly affected by information intentionally obtained from friends and family through their personal social media network. Discussion Media exhibits a relatively weak effect on political trust, which is primarily influenced by selection, indicating that policymakers do not have to be concerned with online exchange of information that is critical of the government. Moreover, this evidence from Hong Kong suggests that, when it comes to developing political trust throughout the society, conflicts resulting from opposing views are better than ignorance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Zhang
- Institute of Higher Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Yue Feng Zhu
- Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Nicolo M, Kawaguchi E, Ghanem-Uzqueda A, Kim AE, Soto D, Deva S, Shanker K, Rogers C, Lee R, Gilliland F, Van Orman S, Klausner J, Kovacs A, Conti D, Hu H, Unger JB. Correlates of COVID-19 vaccination status among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-3. [PMID: 36596228 PMCID: PMC10315412 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2157216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States, vaccine hesitancy remains high among certain groups. This study examined the correlates of being unvaccinated among a sample of students attending a single university (N = 2900) during the spring and summer of 2021, when the campus had been closed for over a year and students were preparing to return to in-person learning. Methods: Students responded to an email invitation and completed electronic surveys. Results: In multivariable logistic regression analyses, students were more likely to be unvaccinated if they were African American, identified with any political affiliation other than Democrat, were undergraduates or international students, had not traveled outside the Los Angeles during the pandemic, and/or had previously been ill with COVID-19. Conclusion: Findings indicate that culturally resonant educational interventions, and possibly vaccine requirements, are needed to promote vaccination among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nicolo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Eric Kawaguchi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Angie Ghanem-Uzqueda
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
- Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andre E. Kim
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Sohini Deva
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Kush Shanker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Christopher Rogers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Ryan Lee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Sarah Van Orman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
- Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Andrea Kovacs
- Keck School Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - David Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
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16
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Lalot F, Abrams D, Heering MS, Babaian J, Ozkececi H, Peitz L, Davies Hayon K, Broadwood J. Distrustful Complacency and the COVID-19 Vaccine: How Concern and Political Trust Interact to Affect Vaccine Hesitancy. POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:POPS12871. [PMID: 36718283 PMCID: PMC9878109 DOI: 10.1111/pops.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is attributable to distrustful complacency-an interactive combination of low concern and low trust. Across two studies, 9,695 respondents from different parts of Britain reported their level of concern about COVID-19, trust in the UK government, and intention to accept or refuse the vaccine. Multilevel regression analysis, controlling for geographic area and relevant demographics, confirmed the predicted interactive effect of concern and trust. Across studies, respondents with both low trust and low concern were 10%-22% more vaccine hesitant than respondents with either high trust or high concern, and 26%-29% more hesitant than respondents with both high trust and high concern. Results hold equally among White, Black, and Muslim respondents, consistent with the view that regardless of mean-level differences, a common process underlies vaccine hesitancy, underlining the importance of tackling distrustful complacency both generally and specifically among unvaccinated individuals and populations.
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17
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Chen X, Duan Y, Ittefaq H, Duan Y. Unveiling the effects of consumers' psychological distance on their reactance and related behavioral outcomes: Do lockdown restrictions matter? Front Psychol 2022; 13:952964. [PMID: 36262449 PMCID: PMC9575655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.952964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined consumers' psychological reactance, which is insufficiently explored in the literature. This research fills the gaps found in the literature reviewed and investigates how the psychological reactance of restaurant consumers developed because of social, temporal, and spatial distancing measures during COVID-19. This study also explored ways in which the restaurant industry can increase its compliance with COVID-19 restrictions in such a situation. We explored the effects of social, temporal, and spatial distancing on psychological reactance. We also identified the moderating effect of lockdown restrictions, which strengthen the psychological reactance developed because of (a) social distancing, (b) temporal distancing, and (c) spatial distancing. We collected data from restaurant consumers in Lahore. This study applied quantitative techniques (i.e., a test of normality, measurement model assessment, structural model assessment, and common method variance). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 and the results were interpreted and presented accordingly. This study added to the literature on psychological reactance, service management, and psychological distance. We could also help the restaurant industry overcome the challenges that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic and the closures. This study could assist the restaurant industry to understand consumer behavior and attract potential consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Chen
- Center for Cognitive Science of Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Huma Ittefaq
- Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yahui Duan
- School of Foreign Language and Application, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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18
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Wei C, Li Q, Lian Z, Luo Y, Song S, Chen H. Variation in Public Trust, Perceived Societal Fairness, and Well-Being before and after COVID-19 Onset-Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12365. [PMID: 36231662 PMCID: PMC9566506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all aspects of people's lives, including their attitudes toward society and psychological well-being. This study aimed to analyze the variation in public trust, perceived societal fairness, and well-being before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study used two-wave longitudinal data of 15,487 residents (2018, T1; 2020, T2) derived from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A repeated measures analysis of variance showed that (a) public trust, perceived societal fairness, and subjective well-being significantly improved and (b) depression significantly increased. Linear regression analysis showed that education and socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on public trust, perceived societal fairness, and depression; socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on subjective well-being. This study provides evidence and direction for current social governance, namely, policy implementation and pandemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wei
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Psychological Development Guidance Center, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ziyi Lian
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Research Bases in Humanities and Social Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
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19
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Chung GKK, Chan YH, Chan SM, Chen JK, Wong H, Chung RYN. The impact of trust in government on pandemic management on the compliance with voluntary COVID-19 vaccination policy among adolescents after social unrest in Hong Kong. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992895. [PMID: 36660556 PMCID: PMC9843607 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The launch of COVID-19 vaccines among students provides an opportunity to re-open schools safely. Nonetheless, under the voluntary vaccination policy, the lack of trust in government since the unprecedented massive social unrest in Hong Kong may hinder the vaccination progress. This study aims to assess the impact of trust in government regarding pandemic management on the willingness, uptake, and intention of COVID-19 vaccination among students in Hong Kong. Methods Based on maximum variation sampling of 12 secondary schools of diverse socioeconomic background, 1,020 students aged 14-16 years completed an online survey between September and October 2021. Results 59.2% of the sample received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, 25.2% showed willingness of vaccination, 44.7% of the unvaccinated intended to receive the vaccine, whereas 13.4% were trustful to the government regarding pandemic management. Results from multivariable logistic regressions showed independent associations of trust with greater vaccination uptake [aOR = 1.63 (95% CI = 1.06-2.52), compared to distrust], willingness [aOR = 12.40 (7.72-19.93)], and intention [aOR = 4.49 (2.06-9.75)]. However, the impact of trust on vaccine uptake reversed [aOR = 0.53 (0.32-0.87)] after additional adjustment for the willingness of vaccination. Conclusion Students with higher trust in government regarding pandemic management tended to have greater vaccination willingness and hence uptake; nonetheless, given the same level of willingness, distrust might have facilitated a faster adoption of vaccination as a self-initiated protective behavior. As the level of trust is generally low among secondary school students in Hong Kong, rebuilding trust during adolescence is of importance for better preparedness of the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yat-Hang Chan
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Ming Chan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Wong
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Centre for Bioethics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Pepper C, Reyes-Cruz G, Pena AR, Dowthwaite L, Babbage CM, Wagner HG, Nichele E, Fischer JE. Understanding Trust and Changes in Use after a Year with the NHS Covid-19 Contact Tracing App in the United Kingdom: A Longitudinal Mixed-Method Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e40558. [PMID: 36112732 PMCID: PMC9578414 DOI: 10.2196/40558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital contact tracing (DCT) apps have been implemented as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has focused on understanding acceptance and adoption of these apps, but more work is needed to understand the factors that may contribute to their sustained use. This is key to public health because DCT apps require a high uptake rate to decrease the transmission of the virus within the general population. Objective This study aimed to understand changes in the use of the National Health Service Test & Trace (T&T) COVID-19 DCT app and explore how public trust in the app evolved over a 1-year period. Methods We conducted a longitudinal mixed methods study consisting of a digital survey in December 2020 followed by another digital survey and interview in November 2021, in which responses from 9 participants were explored in detail. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts. This paper focuses on the thematic analysis to unpack the reasoning behind participants’ answers. Results In this paper, 5 themes generated through thematic analysis are discussed: flaws in the T&T app, usefulness and functionality affecting trust in the app, low trust in the UK government, varying degrees of trust in other stakeholders, and public consciousness and compliance dropping over time. Mistrust evolved from participants experiencing sociotechnical flaws in the app and led to concerns about the app’s usefulness. Similarly, mistrust in the government was linked to perceived poor pandemic handling and the creation and procurement of the app. However, more variability in trust in other stakeholders was highlighted depending on perceived competence and intentions. For example, Big Tech companies (ie, Apple and Google), large hospitality venues, and private contractors were seen as more capable, but participants mistrust their intentions, and small hospitality venues, local councils, and the National Health Service (ie, public health system) were seen as well-intentioned but there is mistrust in their ability to handle pandemic matters. Participants reported complying, or not, with T&T and pandemic guidance to different degrees but, overall, observed a drop in compliance over time. Conclusions These findings contribute to the wider implications of changes in DCT app use over time for public health. Findings suggest that trust in the wider T&T app ecosystem could be linked to changes in the use of the app; however, further empirical and theoretical work needs to be done to generalize the results because of the small, homogeneous sample. Initial novelty effects occurred with the app, which lessened over time as public concern and media representation of the pandemic decreased and normalization occurred. Trust in the sociotechnical capabilities of the app, stakeholders involved, and salience maintenance of the T&T app in conjunction with other measures are needed for sustained use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily Pepper
- Horizon CDT, University of Nottingham, Horizon Centre for Doctoral Training, University of NottinghamComputer Science, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, GB
| | - Gisela Reyes-Cruz
- Mixed Reality Lab, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
| | - Ana Rita Pena
- Horizon Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
| | - Liz Dowthwaite
- Horizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
| | - Camilla May Babbage
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
| | - Hanne Gesine Wagner
- Horizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB.,Mixed Reality Lab, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
| | - Elena Nichele
- Horizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
| | - Joel E Fischer
- Mixed Reality Lab, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GB
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21
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Blair RA, Curtice T, Dow D, Grossman G. Public trust, policing, and the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from an electoral authoritarian regime. Soc Sci Med 2022; 305:115045. [PMID: 35623233 PMCID: PMC9122739 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We examine how trust shapes compliance with public health restrictions during the COVID- 19 pandemic in Uganda. We use an endorsement experiment embedded in a mobile phone survey to show that messages from government officials generate more support for public health restrictions than messages from religious authorities, traditional leaders, or international NGOs. We further show that compliance with these restrictions is strongly positively correlated with trust in government, but only weakly correlated with trust in local authorities or other citizens. We use measures of trust from both before and during the pandemic to rule out the possibility that trust is a function of the pandemic itself. The relationship between trust and compliance is especially strong for the Ministry of Health and-more surprisingly-the police. We conclude that trust is crucial for encouraging compliance but note that it may be difficult to sustain, particularly in settings where governments and police forces have reputations for repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Blair
- Department of Political Science and Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University, United States
| | - Travis Curtice
- Department of Politics and Center for Public Policy, Drexel University, United States,Corresponding author
| | - David Dow
- School of Government and Public Policy, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Guy Grossman
- Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania, United States
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22
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Nicolo M, Kawaguchi ES, Ghanem-Uzqueda A, Kim AE, Soto D, Deva S, Shanker K, Rogers C, Lee R, Casagrande Y, Gilliland F, Van Orman S, Klausner J, Kovacs A, Conti D, Hu H, Unger JB. Characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccination status among staff and faculty of a large, diverse University in Los Angeles: The Trojan Pandemic Response Initiative. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101802. [PMID: 35493961 PMCID: PMC9034831 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined characteristics associated with being unvaccinated among a sample of university staff and faculty prior to university campus reopening for in-person learning in 2021. Methods Staff and faculty responded to an email invitation to complete an online survey. Survey questions included demographic data (race/ethnicity, age, sex), COVID-19 knowledge and behaviors, employment specific data including division and subdivision (healthcare vs. non-healthcare related division); and self-reported vaccination status. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant characteristics associated with the likelihood of being unvaccinated for COVID-19. Results Participants identifying as Asian and Asian American (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.96), Hispanic/Latinx (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.49) or Multicultural/Other (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.38) had greater odds of being unvaccinated compared to Non-Hispanic White participants. Other characteristics associated with greater likelihood of being unvaccinated included working as a university staff member (vs. faculty) (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24. 2.30), decrease in income (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI:1.05, 1.71), inability to work remotely (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI:1.13, 1.93) and not traveling outside of the Los Angeles area (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.83). Political affiliation as an Independent (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI:1.04, 1.85) or as something else (aOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.72, 5.41) were more likely to be unvaccinated compared to participants identifying as Democrat. Conclusions Several factors associated with racial and social disparities may delay the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination. This study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to promote vaccination among university staff and faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nicolo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric S. Kawaguchi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angie Ghanem-Uzqueda
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre E. Kim
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohini Deva
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kush Shanker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Rogers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Lee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Van Orman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Kovacs
- Keck School Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author at: 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor SSB, Los Angeles, CA 90028, USA.
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23
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Trust in the scientific research community predicts intent to comply with COVID-19 prevention measures: An analysis of a large-scale international survey dataset. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e36. [PMID: 35131001 PMCID: PMC8886075 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, I explored the relationship between people's trust in different agents related to the prevention of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their compliance with pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical preventive measures. The COVIDiSTRESSII Global Survey dataset, which was collected from international samples, was analysed to examine the aforementioned relationship across different countries. For data-driven exploration, network analysis and Bayesian generalised linear model (GLM) analysis were performed. The result from network analysis demonstrated that trust in the scientific research community was most central in the network of trust and compliance. In addition, the outcome from Bayesian GLM analysis indicated that the same factor, trust in the scientific research community, was most fundamental in predicting participants' intent to comply with both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical preventive measures. I briefly discussed the implications of the findings, the importance of trust in the scientific research community in explaining people's compliance with a measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
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24
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Iles IA, Gaysynsky A, Chou WYS. Effects of narrative messages on key COVID-19 protective responses: Findings from a randomized online experiment. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:934-947. [PMID: 35081771 PMCID: PMC9008477 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221075612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the effectiveness of narrative vs non-narrative messages in changing COVID-19-related perceptions and intentions. Design/Setting The study employed a between-subjects two-group (narratives vs non-narratives) experimental design and was administered online. Subjects/Intervention 1804 U.S. adults recruited via Amazon MTurk in September 2020 were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions and read either three narrative or three non-narrative messages about social distancing, vaccination, and unproven treatments. Measures Perceptions and intentions were assessed before and after message exposure (7-point scales). Analysis Using multivariable regression, we assessed main effects of the experimental condition (controlling for baseline measures) and interactions between the condition and pre-exposure perceptions/intentions in predicting post-exposure outcomes. Results Compared to non-narratives, narratives led to (1) less positive perceptions about the benefits of unproven treatments (Mnarrative = 3.60, Mnon-narrative = 3.77, P = .007); and (2) less willingness to receive an unproven drug (Mnarrative = 3.46, Mnon-narrative = 3.77, P < .001); this effect was stronger among individuals with higher baseline willingness to receive unproven drugs (baseline willingness = 2.09: b = −.06, P = .461; baseline willingness = 3.90: b = −.30, P < .001; baseline willingness = 5.71: b = −.55, P < .001). Narratives also led to more positive perceptions of vaccine safety/effectiveness, but only among individuals with lower baseline vaccine perceptions (baseline perceptions = 4.51: b = .10, P = .008; baseline perceptions = 5.89: b = .04, P = .167; baseline perceptions = 7: b = −.01, P = .688). Conclusion Narratives are a promising communication strategy, particularly for topics where views are not entrenched and among individuals who are more resistant to recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences3421National Cancer Institute
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25
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Bargsted M, Ortiz C, Cáceres I, Somma NM. Social and Political Trust in a Low Trust Society. POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 45:1-20. [PMID: 35068636 PMCID: PMC8763449 DOI: 10.1007/s11109-021-09762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the causal relationship between social and political trust in a low trust society, a setting where this topic has received very little attention. We focus on contemporary Chile, a relatively consolidated new democracy lacking many of the conditions that fosters trust such as high socioeconomic equality, weak social divisions, or universal welfare policies. Our empirical analysis is based on a 4-wave panel survey applied to a representative sample of 2000 Chilean adults interviewed face to face each year between 2016 and 2019. Based on statistical models with varying specifications and assumptions, we find support for the institutionalist view that claims that political trust exercises a positive influence over social trust. However, contrary to recent findings for some European democracies (Sønderskov & Dinesen 2016, Seifert 2018), we also find that social trust positively affects political trust. Our results suggest that the positive relationship between both types of trust travels to different political settings, and that there is no minimum threshold required in levels of trust for this relationship to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Bargsted
- Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Camila Ortiz
- Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Ignacio Cáceres
- Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Nicolás M. Somma
- Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Región Metropolitana Chile
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Horvath L, Banducci S, Blamire J, Degnen C, James O, Jones A, Stevens D, Tyler K. Adoption and continued use of mobile contact tracing technology: multilevel explanations from a three-wave panel survey and linked data. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053327. [PMID: 35039293 PMCID: PMC8764714 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the key individual-level (demographics, attitudes, mobility) and contextual (COVID-19 case numbers, tiers of mobility restrictions, urban districts) determinants of adopting the NHS COVID-19 contact tracing app and continued use overtime. DESIGN AND SETTING A three-wave panel survey conducted in England in July 2020 (background survey), November 2020 (first measure of app adoption) and March 2021 (continued use of app and new adopters) linked with official data. PARTICIPANTS N=2500 adults living in England, representative of England's population in terms of regional distribution, age and gender (2011 census). PRIMARY OUTCOME Repeated measures of self-reported app usage. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Multilevel logistic regression linking a range of individual level (from survey) and contextual (from linked data) determinants to app usage. RESULTS We observe initial app uptake at 41%, 95% CI (0.39% to 0.43%), and a 12% drop-out rate by March 2021, 95% CI (0.10% to 0.14%). We also found that 7% of nonusers as of wave 2 became new adopters by wave 3, 95% CI (0.05% to 0.08%). Initial uptake (or failure to use) of the app associated with social norms, privacy concerns and misinformation about third-party data access, with those living in postal districts with restrictions on mobility less likely to use the app. Perceived lack of transparent evidence of effectiveness was associated with drop-out of use. In addition, those who trusted the government were more likely to adopt in wave 3 as new adopters. CONCLUSIONS Successful uptake of the contact tracing app should be evaluated within the wider context of the UK Government's response to the crisis. Trust in government is key to adoption of the app in wave 3 while continued use is linked to perceptions of transparent evidence. Providing clear information to address privacy concerns could increase uptake, however, the disparities in continued use among ethnic minority participants needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Horvath
- Politics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
- Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Joshua Blamire
- Institute for Community Research and Development, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Cathrine Degnen
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | - Katharine Tyler
- Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Kominsky JF, Reardon D, Bonawitz E. Intuitive Judgments of “Overreaction” and Their Relationship to Compliance with Public Health Measures. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Ćepulić DB, Travaglino GA, Chrona S, Uzelac E, Jeftić A, Reyna C, Kowal M. Iron fists and velvet gloves: Investigating the associations between the stringency of governments' responses to COVID-19, stress, and compliance in the early stages of the pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:952-970. [PMID: 34752643 PMCID: PMC8646544 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To tackle the spread of COVID-19, governments worldwide have implemented restrictive public health behavioural measures. Whether and when these measures lead to positive or negative psychological outcomes is still debated. In this study, drawing on a large sample of individuals (Ntotal = 89,798) from 45 nations, we investigated whether the stringency of public health measures implemented at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March-May 2020 was associated with individuals' levels of stress and compliance. Moreover, we addressed the question of how these associations may be moderated by the measures' implementation lag, nations' tolerance for unequal distributions of power (i.e., power distance), and individuals' institutional trust. Linear mixed models suggested that slower implementation of less stringent measures was associated with higher stress and lower compliance. Also, rapid implementation of stricter measures was associated with a mild increase in stress. Such effects were especially pronounced in countries with less tolerance for inequality. Albeit significant, the moderating effect of institutional trust was very small. The results suggest that it may be important to consider the measures' implementation lag when tackling the spread of COVID-19, but findings should be interpreted in relation to the data collection period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stavroula Chrona
- School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ena Uzelac
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Jeftić
- Peace Research Institute, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Marta Kowal
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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29
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Moscatelli S, Graziani AR, Botindari L, Ciaffoni S, Menegatti M. "Everything Will Be All Right!" National and European Identification as Predictors of Positive Expectations for the Future During the COVID-19 Emergency. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723518. [PMID: 34744890 PMCID: PMC8570301 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first national lockdown imposed in a Western country to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, many Italians tried to boost their spirits by hanging hand-drawn rainbows with the slogan "Everything will be all right" from their windows. To understand which processes might have nurtured their positive views about the future during the pandemic, the present study (N=846), building upon social identity research, examined the relationships among Italians' identification with their country and with the superordinate entity of the European Union (EU), trust in the main institutions in charge of managing the crisis (i.e., the Italian government, the EU, and the scientific community), and beliefs that the COVID-19 crisis would eventually result in the improvement of society. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that identification with Italians and Europeans had positive direct associations with positive expectations about humankind. Identification with Europeans was also directly related to positive expectations about Italian leaders and the strengthening of the EU through the crisis. Trust in the Italian government and, to a lower extent, trust in the EU mediated some of these associations. These findings suggest that governments should actively promote national and European identification to help citizens counter the negative psychological impact of the pandemic and maintain positive views of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moscatelli
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Graziani
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucia Botindari
- SAIS Bologna Center, John Hopkins University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciaffoni
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Menegatti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Rudert SC, Gleibs IH, Gollwitzer M, Häfner M, Hajek KV, Harth NS, Häusser JA, Imhoff R, Schneider D. Us and the Virus. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. From a social psychological perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated protective measures affected individuals’ social relations and basic psychological needs. We aim to identify sources of need frustration (stressors) and possibilities to bolster need satisfaction (buffers). Particularly, we highlight emerging empirical research in which social psychological theorizing can contribute to our understanding of the pandemic’s social consequences: Loneliness, social networks, role conflicts, social identity, compliance, trust, reactance, and conspiracy beliefs. We highlight directions for future social psychological research as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma C. Rudert
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Ilka H. Gleibs
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Michael Häfner
- Communication Psychology, Berlin University of the Arts, Germany
| | | | - Nicole S. Harth
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany
| | - Jan A. Häusser
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Dana Schneider
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
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31
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Hogan K, Macedo B, Macha V, Barman A, Jiang X. Contact Tracing Apps: Lessons Learned on Privacy, Autonomy, and the Need for Detailed and Thoughtful Implementation. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e27449. [PMID: 34254937 PMCID: PMC8291141 DOI: 10.2196/27449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global and national response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been inadequate due to a collective lack of preparation and a shortage of available tools for responding to a large-scale pandemic. By applying lessons learned to create better preventative methods and speedier interventions, the harm of a future pandemic may be dramatically reduced. One potential measure is the widespread use of contact tracing apps. While such apps were designed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the time scale in which these apps were deployed proved a significant barrier to efficacy. Many companies and governments sprinted to deploy contact tracing apps that were not properly vetted for performance, privacy, or security issues. The hasty development of incomplete contact tracing apps undermined public trust and negatively influenced perceptions of app efficacy. As a result, many of these apps had poor voluntary public uptake, which greatly decreased the apps' efficacy. Now, with lessons learned from this pandemic, groups can better design and test apps in preparation for the future. In this viewpoint, we outline common strategies employed for contact tracing apps, detail the successes and shortcomings of several prominent apps, and describe lessons learned that may be used to shape effective contact tracing apps for the present and future. Future app designers can keep these lessons in mind to create a version that is suitable for their local culture, especially with regard to local attitudes toward privacy-utility tradeoffs during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Briana Macedo
- School of Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Venkata Macha
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Arko Barman
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Data to Knowledge Lab, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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32
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Lee H, Noh E, Jeon H, Nam EW. Association between traffic inflow and COVID-19 prevalence at the provincial level in South Korea. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 108:435-442. [PMID: 34044141 PMCID: PMC8142818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the relationship between traffic inflow and COVID-19 prevalence in South Korea for formulating prevention policies for novel infections. Methods We evaluated traffic inflow and new COVID-19 cases in 8 regions of Korea from January 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. The toll collection system (TCS) traffic volume for 2019–2020 and traffic inflow trends were analyzed using independent samples t-test and nonlinear regression, respectively. The association between TCS traffic volume and new COVID-19 cases by city was analyzed using correlation analysis. Results Traffic inflow volume in 2020 decreased 3.7% from 2019. The TCS traffic inflow trend in the 8 provinces decreased during the first COVID-19 wave, gradually increased until the second wave, decreased after the second wave, and showed a sharp decrease in the third wave. There was a positive correlation between the traffic inflow volume and new cases in Busan-Gyeongnam and Jeonbuk, but not in Daegu-Gyeongbuk or Gangwon. Conclusions A decrease in new COVID-19 cases in the regions was associated with increased traffic inflow volume. Therefore, the Korean government can establish preventive social distancing policies by identifying increases or decreases in traffic volume. These policies will also need to consider the distribution of vaccines in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Noh
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Jeon
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Administration, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Travaglino GA, Moon C. Compliance and Self-Reporting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study of Trust and Self-Conscious Emotions in the United States, Italy, and South Korea. Front Psychol 2021; 12:565845. [PMID: 33796038 PMCID: PMC8007877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis. Many governments around the world have responded by implementing lockdown measures of various degrees of intensity. To be effective, these measures must rely on citizens' cooperation. In the present study, we drew samples from the United States (N = 597), Italy (N = 606), and South Korea (N = 693) and examined predictors of compliance with social distancing and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. Data were collected between April 6th and 8th 2020. We investigated the role of cultural orientations of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt related to the infection and trust in the government's action. Across all countries, vertical collectivism (VC) predicted stronger shame, whereas horizontal collectivism predicted stronger trust in the government. Only in the United States, VC was associated with stronger trust. Stronger feelings of shame predicted lower compliance and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. In contrast, guilt was associated with stronger intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Finally, trust was associated with stronger compliance and intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Unlike Italy and South Korea, the association between trust on compliance was not statistically significant in the United States, implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanki Moon
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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34
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Pak A, McBryde E, Adegboye OA. Does High Public Trust Amplify Compliance with Stringent COVID-19 Government Health Guidelines? A Multi-country Analysis Using Data from 102,627 Individuals. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:293-302. [PMID: 33542664 PMCID: PMC7851580 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s278774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how public trust mediates the people's adherence to levels of stringent government health policies and to establish if these effects vary across the political regimes. METHODS This study utilizes data from two large-scale surveys: the global behaviors and perceptions at the onset of COVID-19 pandemic and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). Linear regression models were used to estimate the effects of public trust and strictness of restriction measures on people's compliance level. The model accounted for individual and daily variations in country-level stringency of preventative measures. Differences in the dynamics between public trust, the stringent level of government health guidelines and policy compliance were also examined among countries based on political regimes. RESULTS We find strong evidence of the increase in compliance due to the imposition of stricter government restrictions. The examination of heterogeneous effects suggests that high public trust in government and the perception of its truthfulness double the impact of policy restrictions on public compliance. Among political regimes, higher levels of public trust significantly increase the predicted compliance as stringency level rises in authoritarian and democratic countries. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of public trust in government and its institutions during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results are relevant and help understand why governments need to address the risks of non-compliance among low trusting individuals to achieve the success of the containment policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pak
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma McBryde
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Oyelola A Adegboye
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Public Health & Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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35
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Woelfert FS, Kunst JR. How Political and Social Trust Can Impact Social Distancing Practices During COVID-19 in Unexpected Ways. Front Psychol 2020; 11:572966. [PMID: 33381063 PMCID: PMC7767922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In times of the coronavirus, complying with public health policies is essential to save lives. Understanding the factors that influence compliance with social distancing measures is therefore an urgent issue. The present research investigated the role of political and social trust for social distancing using a variety of methods. In Study 1 (N = 301), conducted with a sample from the United Kingdom in the midst of the virus outbreak (i.e., the first wave), neither political nor social trust had main associations with self-reported social distancing tendencies. However, both factors interacted such that social trust was associated with lower social distancing tendencies among participants with low levels of political trust. In Study 2, using an experimental longitudinal design and again conducted with a sample collected from the UK (N = 268) during the first wave of the pandemic, social distancing practices increased over time, independent of an experimental manipulation of political trust. Moreover, while the interaction between political and social trust from the first study could not be conceptually replicated, social trust was positively related to social distancing intentions. Moving from the individual to the country level and assessing actual behavior at both the first and second wave of the pandemic, in Study 3 (N = 65 countries), country-level political trust was related to less social distancing during the first wave. Social trust was related to a higher growth rate of infections. Against the background of these inconsistent findings, we discuss the potential positive and unexpected negative effects of social trust for social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike S Woelfert
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jonas R Kunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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