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Li T, He W, Liao X, Lin X, Zhang L, Lu L, Guo Y, Liu Z, Luo X. Zinc alleviates the heat stress of primary cultured hepatocytes of broiler embryos via enhancing the antioxidant ability and attenuating the heat shock responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:621-630. [PMID: 34401540 PMCID: PMC8334375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has been shown to attenuate the adverse effects of heat stress on broilers, but the mechanisms involving this process remain unclear. We aimed to investigate possible protective mechanisms of Zn on primary cultured hepatocytes of broiler embryos subjected to heat stress. Three experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, hepatocytes were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μmol/L added Zn as inorganic Zn sulfate (iZn) for 12, 24 or 48 h. In Exp. 2, cells were exposed to 40 °C (a normal temperature [NT]) and 44 °C (a high temperature [HT]) for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. In Exp. 3, cells were preincubated with 0 or 50 μmol/L Zn as iZn or organic Zn lysine chelate (oZn) for 8 h under NT, and then incubated with the same Zn treatments under NT or HT for 4 or 6 h. The biomarkers of antioxidative status and heat stress in cells were measured. The results in Exp. 1 indicated that 50 μmol/L Zn and 12 h incubation were the optimal conditions for increasing antioxidant ability of hepatocytes. In Exp. 2, the 4 or 6 h incubation under HT was effective in inducing heat shock responses of hepatocytes. In Exp. 3, HT elevated (P < 0.01) malondialdehyde content and expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA and protein, as well as HSP90 mRNA. However, Zn supplementation increased (P < 0.05) copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity and metallothionein mRNA expression, and effectively decreased (P < 0.05) the expressions of HSP70 mRNA and protein, as well as HSP90 mRNA. Furthermore, oZn was more effective (P < 0.05) than iZn in enhancing CuZnSOD activity of hepatocytes under HT. It was concluded that Zn (especially oZn) could alleviate heat stress of broiler hepatocytes via enhancing their antioxidant ability and attenuating heat shock responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wengang He
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Schanz M, Schaaf L, Dippon J, Biegger D, Fritz P, Alscher MD, Kimmel M. Renal effects of metallothionein induction by zinc in vitro and in vivo. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:91. [PMID: 28302075 PMCID: PMC5353879 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallothionein (MTT) is an endogenous antioxidant that can be induced by both zinc (Zn) and ischemia. In kidneys, increased MTT expression exerts a putative protective role in diabetes and hypoxia. Our goal was to further investigate the behavior of MTT under the influence of Zn and hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. METHODS MTT expression was measured in vitro in cell cultures of proximal tubular cells (LCC-PK1) by immune-histochemistry and real-time PCR after incubation with increasing concentrations of Zn under hypoxic and non-hypoxic conditions. In addition, in vivo studies were carried out in 54 patients to study MTT induction through Zn. This is a sub-study of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial on prevention of contrast-media-induced nephropathy using Placebo, Zn and N-Acetylcysteine. Blood samples were obtained before and after 2 days p.o. treatment with or without Zn (60 mg). ELISA-based MTT level measurements were done to evaluate the effects of Zn administration. For in vivo analysis, we considered the ratio of MTT to baseline MTT (MTT1/MTT0) and the ratio of eGFR (eGFR1/eGFR0), correspondingly. RESULTS In vitro quantitative immuno-histochemical analysis (IHC) and real-time PCR showed that at increasing levels of Zn (5, 10, and 15 μg/ml) led to a progressive increase of MTTs: Median (IQR) expression of IHC also increased progressively from 0.10 (0.09-0.12), 0.15 (0.12-0.18), 0.25 (0.25-0.27), 0.59 (0.48-0.70) (p < 0.0001). Median (IQR) expression of PCR: 0.59 (0.51-1.72), 1.62 (1.38-4.70), 3.58 (3.06-10.42) and 10.81 (9.24-31.47) (p < 0.0001). In contrast, hypoxia did not change MTT-levels in vitro (p > 0.05). In vivo no significant differences (p = 0.96) occurred in MTT-levels after 2 days of Zn administration compared with no Zn intake. Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between MTT (MTT1/MTT0) and eGFR (eGFR1/eGFR0) in case of Zn administration (rho = -0.49; 95%-CI: -0.78 to -0.03; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We found that Zn did induce MTTs in vitro, whereas hypoxia had no significant impact. In contrast, no significant increase of MTTs was detected after in vivo administration of Zn. However, there was a significant negative correlation between MTT and eGFR in vivo in case of Zn administration, this could indicate a protective role of MTTs in a setting of reduced kidney function, which is possibly influenced by Zn. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00399256 . Retrospectively registered 11/13/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schanz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lea Schaaf
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juergen Dippon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dagmar Biegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Fritz
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mark Dominik Alscher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kimmel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Fu Q, Colgan SP, Shelley CS. Hypoxia: The Force that Drives Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Med Res 2016; 14:15-39. [PMID: 26847481 PMCID: PMC4851450 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2015.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the United States the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) reached epidemic proportions in 2012 with over 600,000 patients being treated. The rates of ESRD among the elderly are disproportionally high. Consequently, as life expectancy increases and the baby-boom generation reaches retirement age, the already heavy burden imposed by ESRD on the US health care system is set to increase dramatically. ESRD represents the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A large body of evidence indicating that CKD is driven by renal tissue hypoxia has led to the development of therapeutic strategies that increase kidney oxygenation and the contention that chronic hypoxia is the final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated that one of the most potent means by which hypoxic conditions within the kidney produce CKD is by inducing a sustained inflammatory attack by infiltrating leukocytes. Indispensable to this attack is the acquisition by leukocytes of an adhesive phenotype. It was thought that this process resulted exclusively from leukocytes responding to cytokines released from ischemic renal endothelium. However, recently it has been demonstrated that leukocytes also become activated independent of the hypoxic response of endothelial cells. It was found that this endothelium-independent mechanism involves leukocytes directly sensing hypoxia and responding by transcriptional induction of the genes that encode the β2-integrin family of adhesion molecules. This induction likely maintains the long-term inflammation by which hypoxia drives the pathogenesis of CKD. Consequently, targeting these transcriptional mechanisms would appear to represent a promising new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwei Fu
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, La Crosse, WI
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Carl Simon Shelley
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Ware K, Qamri Z, Ozcan A, Satoskar AA, Nadasdy G, Rovin BH, Hebert LA, Nadasdy T, Brodsky SV. N-acetylcysteine ameliorates acute kidney injury but not glomerular hemorrhage in an animal model of warfarin-related nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1421-7. [PMID: 23576637 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00689.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN) occurs under conditions of overanticoagulation with warfarin. WRN is characterized by glomerular hemorrhage with occlusive tubular red blood cell (RBC) casts and acute kidney injury (AKI). Herein we test the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a role in the AKI of WRN. 5/6 Nephrectomy rats were treated with either warfarin (0.04 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) alone or with four different doses of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Also tested was the ability of our NAC regimen to mitigate AKI in a standard ischemia-reperfusion model in the rat. Warfarin resulted in a threefold or greater increase in prothrombin time in each experimental group. Serum creatinine (Scr) increased progressively in animals receiving only warfarin + vehicle. However, in animals receiving warfarin + NAC, the increase in Scr was lessened, starting at 40 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹ NAC, and completely prevented at 80 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹ NAC. NAC did not decrease hematuria or obstructive RBC casts, but mitigated acute tubular injury. Oxidative stress in the kidney was increased in animals with WRN and it was decreased by NAC. The NAC regimen used in the WRN model preserved kidney function in the ischemia-reperfusion model. Treatment with deferoxamine (iron chelator) did not affect WRN. No iron was detected in tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, this work taken together with our previous works in WRN shows that glomerular hematuria is a necessary but not sufficient explanation for the AKI in WRN. The dominant mechanism of the AKI of WRN is tubular obstruction by RBC casts with increased oxidative stress in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Ware
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Sun W, Yin X, Wang Y, Tan Y, Cai L, Wang B, Cai J, Fu Y. Intermittent hypoxia-induced renal antioxidants and oxidative damage in male mice: hormetic dose response. Dose Response 2012; 11:385-400. [PMID: 23983666 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.12-027.cai] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea causes cardiovascular disease via chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), which may be related to oxidative stress. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress by regulating its down-stream multiple antioxidants. The present study was to define whether IH can induce renal pathogenic damage and if so, whether Nrf2 and its down-stream antioxidants are involved in IH-induced pathogenic changes. Mice were culled for exposure to intermittent air as control or IH that consisted of 20.9% O2/ 8% O2 FIO2 alternation cycles (30 episodes per h) with 20 seconds at the nadir FIO2 for 12 h a day during daylight. Short-term IH exposure (3 - 7 days) induced significant increases in renal inflammatory response and antioxidant levels along with a reduction of the spontaneous content of malondialdehyde while long-term IH exposure (8 weeks) induced a significant decrease of antioxidant levels and significant increases of renal inflammation, oxidative damage, cell death, and fibrosis. This study suggests that IH induces a hormetic response, i.e.: short-term IH exposure is able to induce a protective response to protect the kidney from oxidative damage while long-term IH exposure is able to induce a damage effect on the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, China and KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, USA
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Hao Y, Ren J, Liu J, Luo S, Ma T, Li R, Su Y. The Protective Role of Zinc against Acute Toxicity of Depleted Uranium in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:402-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jiong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Zhang J, Song W, Guo J, Zhang J, Sun Z, Ding F, Gao M. Toxic effect of different ZnO particles on mouse alveolar macrophages. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 219-220:148-155. [PMID: 22521135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To study the toxicity mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles on mouse macrophages, the toxic effect of different ZnO nanoparticles on mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) was investigated in this study. The results showed that the 24h IC(50) of four ZnO particles were 48.53, 47.37, 45.43 and 26.74 μg/ml for bulk ZnO, 100 nm, 30 nm and 10-30 nm ZnO particles, respectively. At the concentration of 10 μg/ml and below, dissolved zinc ions induced metallothionein synthesis, enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress. ZnO particles mainly induced cell apoptosis. When the concentration of ZnO particles was 20 μg/ml and above, excessive zinc destroyed mitochondrial function and cell membrane, caused cell necrosis. Dissolved zinc ions first cause toxicity in MH-S cells. However, the toxic effect of dissolved zinc ions may exist a threshold on mouse macrophages, inducing about 50% cell death. The toxic difference of different ZnO particles mainly depended on the effect of nondissolved ZnO particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Liu L, Zheng T, Wang N, Wang F, Li M, Jiang J, Zhao R, Li L, Zhao W, Zhu Q, Jia W. The manganese superoxide dismutase Val16Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 322:87-91. [PMID: 18989629 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Val16Ala (V16A) polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese patients, a case-control study was performed. This case-control study included 172 non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects and 257 T2DM patients with or without DN. Among T2DM patients, 154 had DN [albumin excretion rate (AER) >or= 30 mg/24 h] and 103 did not (AER < 30 mg/24 h), but the latter with known diabetes duration >or=10 years. The DN patients were further divided into groups with microalbuminuria (DN-1; n = 92; 300 > AER >or= 30 mg/24 h) and overt albuminuria nephropathy (DN-2; n = 62; AER >or= 300 mg/24 h). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to detect genotypes of the V16A polymorphism for all subjects. The genotypic distributions of the V16A polymorphism in non-DM and T2DM subjects were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Ala allelic frequencies did not differ (11.9% vs. 9.1%; P > 0.05). The AA+VA genotypic frequencies of DN patients were significantly lower than those of non-DN patients (11.6% vs. 24.3%; P = 0.008). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that except for HbA1C, triglyceride, and BMI, which were high risk factors for the development of DN, the AA+VA genotype of the MnSOD-V16A polymorphism was an independent protective factor from the development of DN (odds ratio = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.18-0.95; P = 0.037) in T2DM patients. Our results suggested that the MnSOD-V16A polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Möllsten A, Marklund SL, Wessman M, Svensson M, Forsblom C, Parkkonen M, Brismar K, Groop PH, Dahlquist G. A functional polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase gene and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2007; 56:265-9. [PMID: 17192491 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protects the cells from oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals. The demand for antioxidants is increased by smoking, which could disturb the balance between antioxidants and radicals. The present study aimed to determine whether a valine/alanine polymorphism in MnSOD (V16A, rs4880), alone or in combination with smoking, can contribute to development of diabetic nephropathy in 1,510 Finnish and Swedish patients with type 1 diabetes. Overt diabetic nephropathy (n = 619) was defined as having an albumin excretion rate (AER) >200 microg/min or renal replacement therapy; incipient diabetic nephropathy was defined as having an AER of 20-200 microg/min (n = 336). The control subjects had diabetes duration of >or=20 years, without albuminuria (AER <20 microg/min) and without antihypertensive treatment (n = 555). In addition to male sex and elevated A1C, smoking was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (overt plus incipient), odds ratio (OR) 2.00 (95% CI 1.60-2.50). When controlling for age at onset, diabetes duration, A1C, smoking, and sex, the Val/Val genotype was associated with an increase in risk of diabetic nephropathy (1.32 [1.00-1.74], P = 0.049). When evaluating the combined effect of genotype and smoking, we used logistic regression with stratification according to smoking status and genotype. The high-risk group (ever smoking plus Val/Val genotype) had 2.52 times increased risk of diabetic nephropathy (95% CI 1.73-3.69) compared with the low-risk group, but no departure from additivity was found. Our results indicate that smoking and homozygosity for the MnSOD Val allele is associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy, which supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Möllsten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, S-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
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Datta PK, Lianos EA. Nitric oxide induces metallothionein-I gene expression in mesangial cells. Transl Res 2006; 148:180-7. [PMID: 17002920 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In various forms of injury involving the renal glomerulus, mesangial cells are exposed to potentially toxic concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) caused by activation of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Whether mesangial cells possess systems that can defend against NO mediated oxidative injury is unknown. One putative system is Metallothionein (MT). Metallothioneins constitute a family of cysteine proteins and play a significant role as anti-oxidants. The authors assessed whether NO upregulates MT-I expression in cultured glomerular mesangial cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that steady state MT-I mRNA levels were increased by three different NO donors: sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), and Spermine-NONOate (Sper/NO). The increase in MT-I mRNA levels induced by SNAP-derived NO was attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione (GSH) precursor, which indicates that the mechanism of NO-mediated MT-I expression may involve an oxidative stress response. These observations identify MT-I as a putative antioxidant system in NO-mediated mesangial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun K Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Srivastava T, Garola RE, Kestila M, Tryggvason K, Ruotsalainen V, Sharma M, Savin VJ, Jalanko H, Warady BA. Recurrence of proteinuria following renal transplantation in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:711-8. [PMID: 16518627 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-006-0047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a Caucasian boy of Italian descent with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (NPHS1, CNF, MIM 256300) who developed recurrence of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia on the seventh post-operative day following living related renal transplantation from his paternal aunt. The allograft biopsy was normal except for effacement of podocyte foot processes on electron microscopy. He was treated by the substitution of mycophenolate mofetil with cyclophosphamide for 12 weeks, in addition to cyclosporine, prednisone and daclizumab. His proteinuria resolved quickly following the initiation of cyclophosphamide treatment, and he remains in remission 4 years after receiving his transplant. His native and allograft kidneys were evaluated for nephrin expression by immunohistochemistry, DNA analysis for the NPHS1 mutation, serum for the presence of auto-antibodies to nephrin by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fetal glomeruli immunofluorescence assay, and serum for glomerular permeability to albumin (Palb) activity using a functional in vitro assay for Palb. Nephrin expression was completely absent in the native kidney, while it was decreased in the allograft compared with normal. DNA analysis of the NPHS1 gene revealed mutations 3248G>T and 3250delG in exon 24, causing G1083V and 1084Vfs, respectively, inherited from his father, and 3478C>T in exon 27, that leads to R1160X, inherited from his mother. Serum was negative for auto-antibodies to nephrin. Interestingly, the Palb activity was increased at the time of recurrence of proteinuria following transplantation (Palb 0.73+/-0.10) and remained elevated when retested more than 3 years later (Palb 0.54+/-0.09). This is the first report of increased Palb activity in recurrence of proteinuria following transplantation in NPHS1. We speculate the role of increased Palb activity in the recurrence of proteinuria following transplantation in NPHS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, The Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Finland.
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Alscher DM, Braun N, Biegger D, Stuelten C, Gawronski K, Mürdter TE, Kuhlmann U, Fritz P. Induction of metallothionein in proximal tubular cells by zinc and its potential as an endogenous antioxidant. Kidney Blood Press Res 2005; 28:127-33. [PMID: 15812196 DOI: 10.1159/000084921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to gain further insights into the expression of metallothionein (MT) in kidney, to define the necessary dosage of a metal (zinc) to achieve induction of MT and to evaluate the antioxidative potential of MT in comparison to other more common antioxidative therapeutics, like N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and endogenous molecules, like glutathione. METHODS MT was measured in renal specimens from cadaver kidneys from patients with chronic diseases (n = 76) and controls (n = 21) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, induction experiments were performed in cell cultures of proximal tubular cells (LCC-PK1) and MT measured on the RNA and protein level (immunohistochemistry, Western and dot blotting). Antioxidative potential of MT was compared to NAC and glutathione. RESULTS MT was restricted to tubular cells with no differences between controls and patients. Zn caused a dose-dependent increase of MT on the RNA as well as on the protein level (RNA (ratio MT/histone 3.3): control 0.34 +/- 0.12; Zn 17 microM 0.65 +/- 0.26; Zn 35 microM 1.25 +/- 0.43 (p < 0.05), Zn 52 microM 1.35 +/- 0.46 (p < 0.05), and protein: 5.8-fold increase from 47 +/- 13 mg/g total protein (n = 6) to 272 +/- 140 mg/g total protein (n = 6)). The antioxidative effect of MT was equal to NAC and glutathione. CONCLUSIONS Induction of renal MT by zinc is easily achievable and might be an interesting therapeutic and preventive tool against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Alscher
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.
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