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Budani MC, Gallorini M, Elsallabi O, Pino V, La Fratta I, Pesce M, Ricciotti E, Tiboni GM, Patruno A. Cigarette smoke is associated with up-regulation of inducible NOS and COX-2 protein expression and activity in granulosa cells of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:128-135. [PMID: 36049621 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure represents a well-established ovotoxic exogenous stress, but the molecular mechanisms underlying of this effect are still unclear. Cigarette smoke upregulates inflammatory genes in the female reproductive organs, therefore an abnormal inflammation response may contribute to the impairment of female fertility. In this study we investigated for the first time the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on NOS and COX expression and activity and on their transcription factors (CREB and NF-kB) in human GCs and on the release of NO and PGE2 in the FF in smoking and non-smoking patients undergoing IVF treatment. In addition, correlation analysis between AMH serum levels, an index of ovarian reserve, and smoking exposure or iNOS and COX-2 protein expression levels were performed using a Pearson correlation method. Cigarette smoke exposure resulted in a significant increase of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression together with an increase of iNOS activity and PGE2 levels. pNF-kB and pCREB protein expression were upregulated in the GCs of smokers compared to non-smokers. The habit of smoking was negatively correlated with serum AMH levels, and positively correlated with iNOS and COX-2 protein expression levels. The data presented in the current study revealed a novel molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects of cigarette smoke on fertility. Additional pathways mediating the effects of cigarette smoke exposure in human GCs cannot be excluded and should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Budani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - O Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - I La Fratta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - E Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - G M Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Omotayo MO, Abioye AI, Kuyebi M, Eke AC. Prenatal anemia and postpartum hemorrhage risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2565-2576. [PMID: 34002432 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) has remained the leading cause of maternal mortality. While anemia is a leading contributor to maternal morbidity, molecular, cellular and anemia-induced hypoxia, clinical studies of the relationship between prenatal-anemia and PPH have reported conflicting results. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the outcomes of studies on the relationships between prenatal anemia and PPH-related mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies published before August 2019. Keywords included "anemia," "hemoglobin," "postpartum hemorrhage," and "postpartum bleeding." Only studies involving the association between anemia and PPH were included in the meta-analysis. Our primary analysis used random effects models to synthesize odds-ratios (ORs) extracted from the studies. Heterogeneity was formally assessed with the Higgins' I2 statistics, and explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. RESULTS We found 13 eligible studies investigating the relationship between prenatal anemia and PPH. Our findings suggest that severe prenatal anemia increases PPH risk (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 1.20, 10.4, p-value = 0.020). There was no statistical association with mild (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.17, p-value = 0.130), or moderate anemia (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 0.40, 11.1, p-value = 0.390) and the risk of PPH. CONCLUSION Severe prenatal anemia is an important predictive factor of adverse outcomes, warranting intensive management during pregnancy. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020149184; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=149184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshood O Omotayo
- Centre for Global Health and Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ajibola I Abioye
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Population Health Sciences Program, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moshood Kuyebi
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahizechukwu C Eke
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tiboni GM, Ponzano A, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A. Valproic acid alters nitric oxide status in neurulating mouse embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:152-159. [PMID: 33157224 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular bases of the teratogenic effects elicited by valproic acid (VPA) are not fully defined. It was previously shown that inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is associated with an enhancement of the teratogenic effects of VPA, while amplification of NO signal by sildenafil prompted a dose-dependent reduction of VPA-induced neural tube defects. In this study, for the first time, the effect of VPA on the NO synthesis was evaluated in mouse embryos during early organogenesis. On gestation day 8, ICR-CD1 mice received 600 mg/kg of VPA. Eight and 24 h later embryos were collected and analyzed for NO synthase (NOS) isoform expression, and for molecular mechanisms involved in their modulation. As main finding, in utero embryonic exposure to VPA determined a time-dependent shift of NOS isoforms expression, with a down regulated expression and activity of constitutive NOS (cNOS) and an increased expression and activity of inducible NOS (iNOS). The teratological relevance of this information remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Mario Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Adalisa Ponzano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASL 02 Lanciano-Vasto, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti Pescara, Italy.
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Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure Reduces Endothelial Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6479630. [PMID: 32923484 PMCID: PMC7453230 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6479630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent exposure to hypoxia (IHE) increases the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the adaptation to intense physical activity. However, several studies suggest a protective effect of moderate hypoxia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The effects of intense physical activity with IHE on oxi-inflammatory mediators and their interaction with conventional CVD risk factors were investigated. Blood samples were collected from elite athletes (control n = 6, IHE n = 6) during a 6-day IHE cycle using hypoxicator GO2 altitude. IHE was held once a day, at least 2 hours after training. In serum, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-Nitro), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) were determined by the commercial immunoenzyme (ELISA kits) or colorimetric methods. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) level was measured by ELISA kit every day of hypoxia. IHE was found to significantly increase H2O2, NO, and HSP27 but to decrease 3NT concentrations. The changes in 3NT and HSP27 following hypoxia proved to enhance NO bioavailability and endothelial function. In the present study, the oxi-inflammatory mediators IL-1β and hsCRP increased in IHE group but they did not exceed the reference values. The serum EPO level increased on the 3rd day of IHE, then decreased on 5th day of IHE, and correlated with NO/H2O2 ratio (r s = 0.640, P < 0.05). There were no changes in haematological markers contrary to lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) which showed a decreasing trend in response to hypoxic exposure. The study demonstrated that IHE combined with sports activity reduced a risk of endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis in athletes even though the oxi-inflammatory processes were enhanced. Therefore, 6-day IHE seems to be a potential therapeutic and nonpharmacological method to reduce CVD risk, especially in elite athletes participating in strenuous training.
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Franceschelli S, Gatta DMP, Ferrone A, Mezza G, Speranza L, Pesce M, Grilli A, Gallorini M, Giacomo VD, Ghinassi B, Fiorito S, Genovese S, Ricciotti E, Felaco M, Patruno A. Anti-Migratory Effects of 4'-Geranyloxyferulic Acid on LPS-Stimulated U937 and HCT116 Cells via MMP-9 Down-Regulation: Involvement of ROS/ERK Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060470. [PMID: 32492880 PMCID: PMC7346147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA) has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory proprieties. Herein, we aimed to determine whether this compound affects cell survival, invasion, and migration through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated MMPs activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and p38 signaling in lymphocytic histiocytoma (U937) and colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells. We observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated U937 and HCT116 cells presented abnormal cell proliferation and increased metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity and expression. Non-cytotoxic doses of GOFA blunted matrix invasive potential by reducing LPS-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration via inhibiting ROS/ ERK pathway. GOFA also attenuated apoptosis and cell senescence. Our findings indicate that GOFA, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and migration, could be therapeutically beneficial to prevent tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Giulia Mezza
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.d.G.); (S.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.d.G.); (S.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.d.G.); (S.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.d.G.); (S.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.d.G.); (S.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (S.F.); (A.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (B.G.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-3554510
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6
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Maria Pia GD, Sara F, Mario F, Lorenza S. Biological Effects of Licochalcones. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:647-656. [PMID: 30049263 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180601095420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their natural bioactive molecules, are evaluated as the foundation for health preservation and care of humanity. The licorice root, known as "Radix Glycyrrhizae", is a perennial plant that comes from Mediterranean countries, central to southern Russia, Asia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. The licorice root has been used in traditional Chinese medicines for centuries and has been defined as "the progenitor of herbs". The name 'Licorice' is derived from the ancient Greek word Glukurrhiza, meaning 'sweet root'. It consists of approximately 30 species, however, the most common ones consist of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Glycyrrhiza Inflata. In addition, the licorice root contains chalcones, which are a part of an important class of natural products and are precursors of flavonoids. Chemically, chalcones are composed of two aromatic rings associated with α, β-unsaturated α-carbon ketone, representing the prima nucleus of the structure. They have been classified, according to chemical structures, in Licochalcone A, B, C, D, E, F and G. This review aims to highlight all the in vitro and in vivo studies that have been conducted on the licochalcones, extracted from Glycyrrhiza species. The main effects are as follows: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatotoxic and osteogenic. It is important to implement the introduction of biologically active natural molecules from the bench (research) to the bedside (clinical practice). However, in the future, it is required to conduct additional studies to validate these biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatta Daniela Maria Pia
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Franceschelli Sara
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Felaco Mario
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Speranza Lorenza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
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7
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Mallet RT, Manukhina EB, Ruelas SS, Caffrey JL, Downey HF. Cardioprotection by intermittent hypoxia conditioning: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H216-H232. [PMID: 29652543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The calibrated application of limited-duration, cyclic, moderately intense hypoxia-reoxygenation increases cardiac resistance to ischemia-reperfusion stress. These intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) programs consistently produce striking reductions in myocardial infarction and ventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion and, in many cases, improve contractile function and coronary blood flow. These IHC protocols are fundamentally different from those used to simulate sleep apnea, a recognized cardiovascular risk factor. In clinical studies, IHC improved exercise capacity and decreased arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery or pulmonary disease and produced robust, persistent, antihypertensive effects in patients with essential hypertension. The protection afforded by IHC develops gradually and depends on β-adrenergic, δ-opioidergic, and reactive oxygen-nitrogen signaling pathways that use protein kinases and adaptive transcription factors. In summary, adaptation to intermittent hypoxia offers a practical, largely unrecognized means of protecting myocardium from impending ischemia. The myocardial and perhaps broader systemic protection provided by IHC clearly merits further evaluation as a discrete intervention and as a potential complement to conventional pharmaceutical and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Eugenia B Manukhina
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russian Federation.,School of Medical Biology South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk , Russian Federation
| | - Steven Shea Ruelas
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - James L Caffrey
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - H Fred Downey
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas.,School of Medical Biology South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk , Russian Federation
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8
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Speranza L, De Lutiis M, Shaik Y, Felaco M, Patruno A, Tetè A, Mastrangelo F, Madhappan B, Castellani M, Conti F, Vecchiet J, Theoharides T, Conti P, Grilli A. Localization and Activity of iNOS in Normal Human Lung Tissue and Lung Cancer Tissue. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:226-31. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of three enzymes generating nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions. NO is a free radical which produces many reactive intermediates that account for its bioactivity. In the human lung, the alveolar macrophage is an important producer of cytokines and this production may be modified by NO. Moreover, high concentrations of NO have been shown to increase nuclear factor KB (NF-kB) activation. Recent investigations of NO expression in tumor tissue indicated that, at least for certain tumors, NO may mediate one or more roles during the growth of human cancer. We have studied iNOS in two tissue groups: normal human lung tissue and human lung cancer tissue. We localized iNOS in these tissues by immunohistochemistry and tested the mRNA expression by RT-PCR, the protein level by Western blot, and the protein activity by radiometric analysis. The results demonstrate different expression, localization and activity of iNOS in normal versus tumor tissue. This is suggestive of a role for NO production from iNOS in human lung cancer because high concentrations of this short molecule may transform to highly reactive compounds such as peroxynitrite (ONOO-); moreover, through the upregulator NF-kB, they can induce a chronic inflammatory state representing an elevated risk for cell transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Speranza
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - M.A. De Lutiis
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - Y.B. Shaik
- Department of Oral Biology and Periodontology Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA - USA
| | - M. Felaco
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - A. Patruno
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - A. Tetè
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - F. Mastrangelo
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - B. Madhappan
- Pharmacology Department, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA - USA
| | | | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Section, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - J. Vecchiet
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Pharmacology Department, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA - USA
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - A. Grilli
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
- Leonardo da Vinci Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina (Chieti) - Italy
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9
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AboHadeed HMA, Zolaly MA, Khoshhal SQ, El-Harbi KM, Tarawah AM, Al-Hawsawi ZM, Al-Mozainy I. Assessment of cardiac functions in children with sickle cell anemia: doppler tissue imaging study. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:462-9. [PMID: 26314226 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The extent in which sickle cell anemia (SCA) impacts myocardial function in children is unclear. Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) was introduced as a new non-invasive echocardiographic method for assessment of ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. We undertook this study to assess subclinical impact of SCA on global myocardial performance in affected children using DTI and to correlate it with mean hemoglobin concentration. METHODS Eighty five children with SCA (mean age 11.82 ± 3.7 years) was included as the study group and 55 age- and sex-matched healthy children as the control group. Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in both groups and DTI was used to determine right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) Tei indexes. Mean Hb concentration was correlated to the cardiac functions of SCA children. RESULTS RV and LV Tei indexes were significantly higher in SCA group (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 0.19 vs. 0.27 ± 0.01, p <0.0001 and 0.47 ± 0.09 vs. 0.30 ± 0.07, p <0.0001, respectively). Also, mean Hb concentration was correlated negatively with both LV Tei index (r = -0.611, p <0.0001) and with RV Tei index (r = -0.894, p <0.0001). On the contrary, fractional shortening (FS) did not correlate with mean Hb concentration (r = -0.044, p = 0.681). CONCLUSIONS DTI technique appears to be more sensitive than conventional echocardiography in the early detection of myocardial dysfunction in children with SCA. This provides insights into the value of early screening and the potential for preventive therapy in children to avert cardiac morbidity and mortality in adults with SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M A AboHadeed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A Zolaly
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Q Khoshhal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M El-Harbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Tarawah
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Child Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria M Al-Hawsawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Child Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Mozainy
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Child Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Rahman MS, Thomas P. Molecular characterization and hypoxia-induced upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in Atlantic croaker: Reversal by antioxidant and estrogen treatments. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 185:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Alánová P, Kolář F, Oštádal B, Neckář J. Role of NO/cGMP signaling pathway in cardiac ischemic tolerance of chronically hypoxic rats. Physiol Res 2015; 64:783-7. [PMID: 25804095 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that increase in acute nitric oxide (NO) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate production may be involved in cardioprotection induced by chronic hypoxia (CH). We studied the effect of NO donor molsidomine and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats adapted to CH. Male Wistar rats were exposed to continuous hypoxia in a normobaric chamber (10 % O(2), 4 weeks). Rats received either saline, molsidomine (10 mg/kg body weight, i.v.) or sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg body weight, i.v.) 30 min before ischemia. Control rats were kept under normoxia and treated in a corresponding manner. Adaptation to CH increased the myocardial ischemic tolerance. Acute treatment with either molsidomine or sildenafil significantly reduced infarct size in normoxic rats and further enhanced cardioprotection induced by CH. However, the cardioprotective effect of CH on I/R injury was not additive to the cardioprotection provided by the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alánová
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Mishra KP, Chanda S, Singh SB, Ganju L. A comparative immunological analysis of CoCl2 treated cells with in vitro hypoxic exposure. Biometals 2014; 28:175-85. [PMID: 25511110 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic preconditioning of mammalian cells has been shown to have beneficial effects against hypoxic injuries. However, very little information is available on the comparative analysis of immunological responses to hypoxic and hypoxia mimetic exposure. Therefore, in the present study, mouse peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes were subjected to hypoxia exposure (0.5 % O2) and hypoxia mimetic Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) treatment to evaluate their effect on immune response and delineate the underlying signaling mechanisms. The results obtained indicated that super oxide generation increased while TLR4 expression and cell surface markers like CD25, CD40 and CD69 were suppressed in both the treatments as compared to normoxia. Cobalt chloride treatment increased NF-κB expression, nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS expression, cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to hypoxia exposure. Our study showed that CoCl2 stabilizes HIF-1α to create hypoxia like conditions but it mainly influences the inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling pathway by skewing the production of proinflammatory molecules like TNF-α, IL-6 and NO.
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Zaobornyj T, Ghafourifar P. Strategic localization of heart mitochondrial NOS: a review of the evidence. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1283-93. [PMID: 23023869 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart mitochondria play a central role in cell energy provision and in signaling. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical with primary regulatory functions in the heart and involved in a broad array of key processes in cardiac metabolism. Specific NO synthase (NOS) isoforms are confined to distinct locations in cardiomyocytes. The present article reviews the chemical reactions through which NO interacts with biomolecules and exerts some of its crucial roles. Specifically, the article discusses the reactions of NO with mitochondrial targets and the subcellular localization of NOS within the myocardium and analyzes the available data about heart mitochondrial NOS activity and identity. The article also describes the regulation of heart mtNOS by the distinctive mitochondrial environment by showing the effects of Ca(2+), O(2), l-arginine, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the metabolic states on heart mitochondrial NO production. The article depicts the effects of NO on heart function and highlights the relevance of NO production within mitochondria. Finally, the evidence on the functional implications of heart mitochondrial NOS is delineated with emphasis on chronic hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zaobornyj
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Evans LC, Liu H, Thompson LP. Differential effect of intrauterine hypoxia on caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation in fetal guinea pig hearts and brains. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:298-305. [PMID: 22383778 PMCID: PMC3343149 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111420883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to quantify the effect of intrauterine hypoxia (HPX) and the role of nitric oxide (NO) on the apoptotic enzyme, caspase 3, and DNA fragmentation in fetal heart and brain. Hypoxia and NO are important regulators of apoptosis, although this has been little studied in the fetal organs. We investigated the effect of intrauterine HPX on apoptosis and the role of NO in both fetal hearts and brains. Pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to room temperature (N = 14) or 10.5% O₂ (N = 12) for 14 days prior to term (term = 65 days) and administered water or L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (LNIL), an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, for 10 days. Fetal hearts and brains were excised from anesthetized near-term fetuses for study. Chronic HPX decreased pro- and active caspase 3, caspase 3 activity, and DNA fragmentation levels in fetal hearts compared with normoxic controls. L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine prevented the HPX-induced decrease in caspase 3 activity but did not alter DNA fragmentation levels. In contrast, chronic HPX increased both apoptotic indices in fetal brains, which were inhibited by LNIL. Thus, the effect of HPX on apoptosis differs between fetal organs, and NO may play an important role in modulating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaShauna C. Evans
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongshan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loren P. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Raised nitric oxide levels may cause atonic postpartum hemorrhage in women with anemia during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 116:143-7. [PMID: 22114785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma nitrite (PN) concentrations on admission to the delivery ward with the occurrence of atonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS Of 319 women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dayrout General Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, for delivery in July 2010, 200, who were not considered to be at risk of atonic PPH, were eligible for inclusion. Plasma levels of Hb and nitrite were measured on admission. The third stage of labor was actively managed. RESULTS A total of 22 participants had significantly raised PN levels (P<0.001), 12 of whom developed PPH-with Hb levels of 9 g/dL or less and nitric oxide (NO) levels of 180 μM/L or greater. The other 10 women underwent over 6 hours of stressful labor prior to hospital admission. CONCLUSION Even moderate anemia can raise levels of NO and enhance its biologic effects, which in turn can result in uterine muscle relaxation and atonic PPH. Preventing or treating anemia during pregnancy could avoid these complications.
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Rus A, Del Moral ML, Molina F, Peinado MA. Upregulation of cardiac NO/NOS system during short-term hypoxia and the subsequent reoxygenation period. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e17. [PMID: 22193297 PMCID: PMC3284153 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) reportedly influences nitric oxide (NO) production and NO synthase (NOS) expression in the heart. Nonetheless, a number of works have shown controversial results regarding the changes that the cardiac NO/NOS system undergoes under such situations. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the behaviour of this system in the hypoxic heart by investigating seven different reoxygenation times. Wistar rats were submitted to H/R (hypoxia for 30 min; reoxygenation of 0, 2, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and 5 days) in a novel approach to address the events provoked by assaults under such circumstances. Endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) mRNA and protein expression, as well as enzymatic activity and enzyme location were determined. NO levels were indirectly quantified as nitrate/nitrite, and other S-nitroso compounds (NOx), which would act as NO-storage molecules. The results showed a significant increase in eNOS mRNA, protein and activity, as well as in NOx levels immediately after hypoxia, while iNOS protein and activity were induced throughout the reoxygenation period. These findings indicate that, not only short-term hypoxia, but also the subsequent reoxygenation period upregulate cardiac NO/NOS system until at least 5 days after the hypoxic stimulus, implying major involvement of this system in the changes occurring in the heart in response to H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology (Building B-3), University of Jaén,Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Is endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase-derived nitric oxide involved in cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation-related damage? J Biosci 2011; 36:69-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rus A, Molina F, Peinado MÁ, Del Moral ML. Nitric oxide averts hypoxia-induced damage during reoxygenation in rat heart. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:1093-103. [PMID: 21538695 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by the hemoproteins NO synthases (NOS), is known to play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions in the heart, including hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). This work investigates the role that endogenous NO plays in the cardiac H/R-induced injury. A follow-up study was conducted in Wistar rats subjected to 30 min of hypoxia, with or without prior treatment using the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1.5 mM). The rats were studied at 0 h, 12 h, and 5 days of reoxygenation, analysing parameters of cell, and tissue damage (lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and protein nitration), as well as in situ NOS activity and NO production (NOx). The results showed that after L-NAME administration, in situ NOS activity was almost completely eliminated in all the experimental groups, and consequently, NOx levels fell. Contrarily, the lipid peroxidation level and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose throughout the reoxygenation period. These results reveal that NOS inhibition exacerbates the peroxidative and apoptotic damage observed before the treatment with L-NAME in the hypoxic heart, pointing to a cardioprotective role of NOS-derived NO against H/R-induced injury. These findings could open the possibility of future studies to design new therapies for H/R-dysfunctions based on NO-pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23071, Spain.
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Rus A, del Moral ML, Molina F, Peinado MA. Does inducible NOS have a protective role against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in rat heart? Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 20:e17-25. [PMID: 20418118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study analyzes the role of the nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) under cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation situations. METHODS For this, we have designed a follow-up study of different parameters of cell and tissue damage in the heart of Wistar rats submitted for 30 min to acute hypobaric hypoxia, with or without prior treatment with the selective iNOS inhibitor N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl) acetamidine or 1400W (10 mg/kg). The rats were studied at 0 h, 12 h, and 5 days of reoxygenation, analyzing NO production (NOx), lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and protein nitration expression and location. This is the first time-course study which analyzes the effects of the iNOS inhibition by 1400W during hypoxia/reoxygenation in the adult rat heart. RESULTS The results show that when 1400W was administered before the hypoxic episode, NOx levels fell, while both the lipid peroxidation level and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose throughout the reoxygenation period. Levels of nitrated proteins expression fell only at 12 h post-hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of iNOS raises the peroxidative and apoptotic level in the hypoxic heart indicating that this isoform may have a protective effect on this organ against hypoxia/reoxygenation injuries, and challenging the conventional wisdom that iNOS is deleterious under these conditions. These findings could help in the design of new treatments based on NO pharmacology against hypoxia/reoxygenation dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Speranza L, Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Vinciguerra I, De Lutiis MA, Grilli A, Felaco M, Patruno A. Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor and oxidative stress. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 21:879-89. [PMID: 19144273 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common medical condition that affects the sexual life of millions of men worldwide. Numerous physical and psychological factors are involved in normal erectile function, including neurological, vascular, hormonal and cavernous functions. The current therapy for the condition is pharmacological and psychotherapeutic which regulates the erectile function and amplifies the NO-mediated response. The aim of this work is to test the action of three common phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Tadalafil, Sildenafil Citrate and Vardenafil at 0.05 microM on human monocytes, analyzing the expression of iNOS protein and mRNA by Western blot and rt-PCR, and production of NO by conversion of L-(2,3,4,5)-[3H]Arginine to L-(3H) citrulline. We also tested the efficiency of the antioxidant network by spectrophotometer (SOD, CAT, GPx and Gr), under normal conditions and after stimulation with LPS. The results showed an increase in ROS levels, similar for all the molecules with regard to the antioxidant enzymes. In all cases the treatment determines a response to the limited efficiency, arriving at a situation in which phosphodiesterase inhibitors + LPS clearly show oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Speranza
- Department of Human Dynamics, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Thompson L, Dong Y, Evans L. Chronic hypoxia increases inducible NOS-derived nitric oxide in fetal guinea pig hearts. Pediatr Res 2009; 65:188-92. [PMID: 19047955 PMCID: PMC6314287 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31818d6ad0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia impacts fetal growth and organ function. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression was measured to assess the response of fetal hearts to hypoxic (HPX) stress. Pregnant guinea pigs were housed in a hypoxic chamber (10.5% O2 for 14 d, n = 17) or room air [normoxic (NMX), n = 17]. Hearts of anesthetized near-term fetuses were removed. mRNA [hypoxia-inducible factor, (HIF)-1alpha, 1beta, 2alpha, 3alpha, iNOS, and nNOS] and protein levels (HIF-1alpha, iNOS, and nNOS) of fetal cardiac left ventricles were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western analysis, respectively. Cardiac nitrite/nitrate levels were measured in the presence/absence of L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL), an iNOS inhibitor, administered to pregnant sows. Hypoxia significantly increased fetal cardiac HIF-1alpha and -2alpha mRNA, HIF-1alpha protein but not HIF-3alpha or -1beta mRNA levels. Hypoxia increased both iNOS mRNA (by 5x) and protein (by 23%) levels but had no effect on nNOS levels. Nitrite/nitrate levels were increased in HPX hearts by 2.5x and decreased with L-NIL by 67 +/- 14%. Thus, up-regulation of iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) generation is an important mechanism by which fetal hearts respond to chronic hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Apoptosis of corpus cavernosum in patients with organic erectile dysfunction. World J Urol 2008; 27:235-40. [PMID: 18846380 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-008-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that apoptosis of penile erectile tissue occurs after penile denervation, castration, and diabetes mellitus in animal studies. Aim of this study was to investigate apoptosis in corpora cavernosa of patients with organic erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS Cavernous biopsies were obtained from 38 patients with erectile dysfunction and 10 patients with normal erectile function. Apoptosis of tissues were determined via terminal deoxyuridine nucleotide end labeling method by using flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean ages of patients with ED and control patients were 50.65 +/- 2.27, and 32.43 +/- 2.90 years, respectively (P = 0.0001). Patients with ED were set in two groups as more than 50 years old and less than 50 years old for further analysis of age factor on apoptosis. The mean % apoptosis of ED patients was 26.22 +/- 2.79 and control group was 11.26 +/- 3.79, (P = 0.032). Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were also 17.41 +/- 3.21 and 6.59 +/- 2.28, respectively (P = 0.039). MFI and % apoptosis values were not statistically significant different neither between the patients groups nor between the control and patients < or = 50 years old (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We did not find any statistically significant difference with respect to apoptosis rates when we compared neither control group with < or = 50 years old patients nor patients groups of ED. Because of this we did not have enough data to say that apoptosis has a prominent role on the development of ED independently from other factors. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of apoptosis in erectile dysfunction.
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Veena CK, Josephine A, Preetha SP, Varalakshmi P. Effect of sulphated polysaccharides on erythrocyte changes due to oxidative and nitrosative stress in experimental hyperoxaluria. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 26:923-32. [PMID: 18375635 DOI: 10.1177/0960327107087792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Kidney stones are known to haunt humanity for centuries and increase in oxalate is a predominant risk factor for stone formation. The present study was initiated with a notion to study the oxidative and nitrosative stress on erythrocytes under oxalate stress and the putative role of sulphated polysaccharides. Hyperoxaluria was induced in two groups by the administration of 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days and one of them was treated with sulphated polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus from the 8th day to the end of the experimental period of 28 days at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. Control and drug control (sulphated polysaccharides alone) were also included in the study. Glycolic and glyoxylic acid levels of urine were analyzed as an index of hyperoxaluria. The plasma enzymic markers of cellular integrity, redox status of red blood cells, osmotic fragility, and (14)C-oxalate binding were investigated. Urine and plasma nitric oxide metabolites, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein, and mRNA were assessed in kidney to evaluate the nitrosative stress. Increased levels of glycolic and glyoxylic acid in urine indicated the prevalence of hyperoxaluria in ethylene glycol-administered groups. Plasma aspartate and alanine transaminase were not altered, but alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase of hyperoxaluric group were increased indicating tissue damage. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased, whereas erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was increased in hyperoxaluric rats. Moreover, an altered fragility with an increase in oxalate binding activity was observed in hyperoxaluric group. Increase in nitric oxide metabolites levels in urine and plasma along with an increase in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and mRNA in kidney were observed in hyperoxaluric rats. Administration of sulphated polysaccharides to hyperoxaluric rats averted the abnormal increase in urinary glycolic and glyoxylic acid levels and enzyme activities, decreased lipid peroxidation, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, increased nitrosative stress accompanying hyperoxaluria was also normalized on sulphated polysaccharides treatment. To conclude, sulphated polysaccharide administration was able to maintain the integrity of erythrocyte membrane and decrease the damage to erythrocytes in hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Veena
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
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Remedial effect of lupeol and its ester derivative on hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory stresses. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thompson LP, Dong Y. Chronic hypoxia decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in fetal guinea pig hearts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:388-95. [PMID: 15982907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The underlying cellular mechanisms mediating hypoxia-induced adaptations in the fetus are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3, type III) protein expression in fetal hearts similar to that observed in adult hearts as a cardioprotective adaptation. This study investigates the effect of chronic hypoxia on NOS3 protein expression in hearts and carotid arteries of fetal guinea pigs exposed to normoxia or intrauterine hypoxia. METHODS Time-mated pregnant guinea pigs (term = 65 days) were housed in either normoxic room air (NMX) or exposed to 12% O(2) (hypoxia; HPX) for 14 or 28 days of duration. At near term ( approximately 60 days of gestation), pregnant mothers were anesthetized and fetal guinea pig hearts and carotid arteries were excised from NMX and HPX animals and frozen until ready for study. In addition, hearts were also excised from anesthetized adult nonpregnant female guinea pigs exposed to either NMX or HPX for 14 days. NOS3 protein was extracted from all tissues and quantified using Western blot analysis. Fetal heart samples were also prepared for localization of NOS3 protein using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chronic hypoxia increased both maternal and fetal hematocrit after 28 days of duration. HPX decreased NOS3 protein levels in fetal guinea pig hearts by 29% after 28 days compared to NMX controls. In contrast, HPX increased both NOS3 protein levels in adult hearts by 62% and fetal carotid arteries by fourfold after 14 days of exposure compared to their respective NMX controls. Positive immunostaining of NOS3 protein of fetal hearts was localized in both cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Contrary to our hypothesis, the hypoxia-induced decrease in fetal guinea pig heart NOS3 protein contrasts to the protein levels measured in either adult hearts or fetal carotid arteries. These results suggest that the NOS protein expression is altered differently by hypoxia in fetal and adult hearts and in a peripheral fetal artery exposed to the same level of hypoxia. Thus, the functional role of NO in the fetal heart during hypoxia may differ from that of the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA.
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Tsai BM, Wang M, Clauss M, Sun P, Meldrum DR. Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II causes NOS-dependent pulmonary artery vasodilation: a novel effect for a proinflammatory cytokine. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R767-71. [PMID: 15155281 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00248.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide (EMAP) II is a novel proinflammatory cytokine that is released from apoptotic and hypoxic cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EMAP II on the pulmonary artery (PA) and to characterize its mechanism of action. To study this, isolated PA rings from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were suspended on steel hooks connected to force transducers and immersed in 37°C organ baths containing modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. After equilibration, force displacement of phenylephrine-preconstricted PA was measured in response to EMAP II. Experiments were performed in endothelium-intact rings, endothelium-denuded rings, and in the presence of the NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Pulmonary artery rings were then subjected to quantitative PCR analysis for inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA. EMAP II caused a maximal vasodilation of 251 ± 30.7 mg in endothelium-intact PA. EMAP II caused no vasodilation in endothelium-denuded and l-NAME-treated PA (20 ± 14.0 mg and 17.5 ± 7.5 mg, respectively, P < 0.001 vs. endothelium intact). In addition to its vasoactive properties, EMAP II increased PA iNOS mRNA twofold compared with controls. These results demonstrate that 1) EMAP II causes PA vasodilation; 2) EMAP II-mediated PA vasodilation is endothelium dependent and NOS dependent; and 3) EMAP II upregulates iNOS mRNA expression in PA. This report constitutes the first demonstration of EMAP II's effects on the pulmonary artery, its mechanism of action, and represents the identification of the first proinflammatory cytokine to cause PA vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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