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Chen X, Dai Y, Li Y, Xin J, Zou J, Wang R, Zhang H, Liu Z. Identification of cross-talk pathways and PANoptosis-related genes in periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1430290. [PMID: 39258145 PMCID: PMC11384588 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1430290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Periodontitis (PD), a chronic inflammatory disease, is a serious threat to oral health and is one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of evidence suggests that the two diseases are closely related. However, current studies have not provided a comprehensive understanding of the common genes and common mechanisms between PD and AD. This study aimed to screen the crosstalk genes of PD and AD and the potential relationship between cross-talk and PANoptosis-related genes. The relationship between core genes and immune cells will be analyzed to provide new targets for clinical treatment. Materials and methods The PD and AD datasets were downloaded from the GEO database and differential expression analysis was performed to obtain DEGs. Overlapping DEGs had cross-talk genes linking PD and OP, and PANoptosis-related genes were obtained from a literature review. Pearson coefficients were used to compute cross-talk and PANoptosis-related gene correlations in the PD and AD datasets. Cross-talk genes were obtained from the intersection of PD and AD-related genes, protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks were constructed and cross-talk genes were identified using the STRING database. The intersection of cross-talk and PANoptosis-related genes was defined as cross-talk-PANoptosis genes. Core genes were screened using ROC analysis and XGBoost. PPI subnetwork, gene-biological process, and gene-pathway networks were constructed based on the core genes. In addition, immune infiltration on the PD and AD datasets was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results 366 cross-talk genes were overlapping between PD DEGs and AD DEGs. The intersection of cross-talk genes with 109 PANoptosis-related genes was defined as cross-talk-PANoptosis genes. ROC and XGBoost showed that MLKL, DCN, IL1B, and IL18 were more accurate than the other cross-talk-PANoptosis genes in predicting the disease, as well as better in overall characterization. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the four core genes were involved in immunity and inflammation in the organism. Immune infiltration analysis showed that B cells naive, Plasma cells, and T cells gamma delta were significantly differentially expressed in patients with PD and AD compared with the normal group. Finally, 10 drugs associated with core genes were retrieved from the DGIDB database. Conclusion This study reveals the joint mechanism between PD and AD associated with PANoptosis. Analyzing the four core genes and immune cells may provide new therapeutic directions for the pathogenesis of PD combined with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Yushen Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajun Xin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Jiatong Zou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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Yang K, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Liu X, Jia Z, Ying Z, Liu W. Potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease based on bioinformatics analysis. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:366-380. [PMID: 38189472 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE As a chronic inflammatory disease, periodontitis threatens oral health and is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is growing evidence that these two diseases are closely related. However, current research is still incomplete in understanding the common genes and common mechanisms between periodontitis and AD. In this study, we aimed to identify common genes in periodontitis and AD and analyze the relationship between crucial genes and immune cells to provide new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to periodontitis and AD. Co-expressed genes were identified by obtaining gene expression profile data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using the STRING database, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and essential genes were identified. We also used four algorithms to identify critical genes and constructed regulatory networks. The association of crucial genes with immune cells and potential therapeutic effects was also assessed. RESULTS PDGFRB, VCAN, TIMP1, CHL1, EFEMP2, and IGFBP5 were obtained as crucial common genes. Immune infiltration analysis showed that Natural killer cells and Myeloid-derived suppressor cells were significantly differentially expressed in patients with PD and AD compared with the normal group. FOXC1 and GATA2 are important TFs for PD and AD. MiR-23a, miR-23b, miR-23a, and miR-23b were associated with AD and PD. Finally, the hub genes retrieved from the DSigDB database indicate multiple drug molecule and drug-target interactions. CONCLUSION This study reveals commonalities in common hub genes and immune infiltration between periodontitis and AD, and the analysis of six hub genes and immune cells may provide new insights into potential therapeutic directions for the pathogenesis of periodontitis complicated by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhicheng Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhao Ying
- Rehabilitation Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Song G, Peng G, Zhang J, Song B, Yang J, Xie X, Gou S, Zhang J, Yang G, Chi H, Tian G. Uncovering the potential role of oxidative stress in the development of periodontitis and establishing a stable diagnostic model via combining single-cell and machine learning analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181467. [PMID: 37475857 PMCID: PMC10355807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The primary pathogenic cause of tooth loss in adults is periodontitis, although few reliable diagnostic methods are available in the early stages. One pathological factor that defines periodontitis pathology has previously been believed to be the equilibrium between inflammatory defense mechanisms and oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model of oxidative stress-related periodontitis diagnostic markers through machine learning and bioinformatic analysis. Methods We used LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest techniques to screen for periodontitis-related oxidative stress variables and construct a diagnostic model by logistic regression, followed by a biological approach to build a Protein-Protein interaction network (PPI) based on modelled genes while using modelled genes. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to screen for oxidative stress subtypes of periodontitis. we used WGCNA to explore the pathways correlated with oxidative stress in periodontitis patients. Networks. Finally, we used single-cell data to screen the cellular subpopulations with the highest correlation by scoring oxidative stress genes and performed a proposed temporal analysis of the subpopulations. Results We discovered 3 periodontitis-associated genes (CASP3, IL-1β, and TXN). A characteristic line graph based on these genes can be helpful for patients. The primary hub gene screened by the PPI was constructed, where immune-related and cellular metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched. Consistent clustering analysis found two oxidative stress categories, with the C2 subtype showing higher immune cell infiltration and immune function ratings. Therefore, we hypothesized that the high expression of oxidative stress genes was correlated with the formation of the immune environment in patients with periodontitis. Using the WGCNA approach, we examined the co-expressed gene modules related to the various subtypes of oxidative stress. Finally, we selected monocytes for mimetic time series analysis and analyzed the expression changes of oxidative stress genes with the mimetic time series axis, in which the expression of JUN, TXN, and IL-1β differed with the change of cell status. Conclusion This study identifies a diagnostic model of 3-OSRGs from which patients can benefit and explores the importance of oxidative stress genes in building an immune environment in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Song
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gaoge Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Binyu Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xixi Xie
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siqi Gou
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Yoshida S, Hatasa M, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Liu A, Niimi H, Morita K, Shimohira T, Sasaki N, Maekawa S, Shiba T, Hirota T, Okano T, Hirose A, Ibi R, Noritake K, Tomiga Y, Nitta H, Suzuki T, Takahashi H, Miyasaka N, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Porphyromonas gingivalis Administration Induces Gestational Obesity, Alters Gene Expression in the Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue in Pregnant Mice, and Causes Underweight in Fetuses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:745117. [PMID: 35096633 PMCID: PMC8792863 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.745117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes is crucial for maternal and child health. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases including adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. In addition, the administration of the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates obesity, glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis and alters endocrine function in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the effects of having periodontal disease during pregnancy remain unclear. Thus, this study investigates the effect of P. gingivalis administration on obesity, liver, and BAT during pregnancy. Sonicated P. gingivalis (Pg) or saline (Co) was injected intravenously and administered orally to pregnant C57BL/6J mice three times per week. Maternal body weight and fetal body weight on embryonic day (ED) 18 were evaluated. Microarray analysis and qPCR in the liver and BAT and hepatic and plasma triglyceride quantification were performed on dams at ED 18. The body weight of Pg dams was heavier than that of Co dams; however, the fetal body weight was decreased in the offspring of Pg dams. Microarray analysis revealed 254 and 53 differentially expressed genes in the liver and BAT, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis exhibited the downregulation of fatty acid metabolism gene set in the liver and estrogen response early/late gene sets in the BAT, whereas inflammatory response and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling gene sets were upregulated both in the liver and BAT. The downregulation of expression levels of Lpin1, Lpin2, and Lxra in the liver, which are associated with triglyceride synthesis, and a decreasing trend in hepatic triglyceride of Pg dams were observed. P. gingivalis administration may alter lipid metabolism in the liver. Overall, the intravenous and oral administration of sonicated P. gingivalis-induced obesity and modified gene expression in the liver and BAT in pregnant mice and caused fetuses to be underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Morita
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirose
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Systemic Organ Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rinko Ibi
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Systemic Organ Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Noritake
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tomiga
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Systemic Organ Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Zou H, Zhou N, Huang Y, Luo A, Sun J. Phenotypes, roles, and modulation of regulatory lymphocytes in periodontitis and its associated systemic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:451-467. [PMID: 33884656 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3vmr0321-027rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and poses a risk to systemic health. Lymphocytes play important roles in periodontitis through multiple mechanisms. Regulatory lymphocytes including regulatory B cells (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs) are the main immunosuppressive cells that maintain immune homeostasis, and are critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the development of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes, roles, and modulating strategies of regulatory lymphocytes including Bregs and Tregs in periodontitis and frequently cooccurring inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The current evidence suggests that restoring immune balance through therapeutic targeting of regulatory lymphocytes is a promising strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and other systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilian Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Seidel A, Seidel CL, Weider M, Junker R, Gölz L, Schmetzer H. Influence of Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T Cells on Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9766. [PMID: 33371393 PMCID: PMC7767411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as members of the innate immune system, and natural killer T (NKT) cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, play a prominent role in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancerogenesis, yet have scarcely been examined in oral diseases. Therefore, systematic research on the latest literature focusing on NK/NKT cell-mediated mechanisms in periodontal disease, including the time period 1988-2020, was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed) using a predetermined search strategy, with a final selection of 25 studies. The results showed that NK cells tend to have rather proinflammatory influences via cytokine production, cytotoxic effects, dendritic-cell-crosstalk, and autoimmune reactions, while contrarily, NKT cell-mediated mechanisms were proinflammatory and immunoregulatory, ranging from protective effects via B-cell-regulation, specific antibody production, and the suppression of autoimmunity to destructive effects via cytokine production, dendritic-cell-crosstalk, and T-/B-cell interactions. Since NK cells seem to have a proinflammatory role in periodontitis, further research should focus on the proinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of NKT cells in order to create, in addition to antibacterial strategies in dental inflammatory disease, novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches modulating host immunity towards dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seidel
- Dental Practice, Bahnhofstraße 10, 82223 Eichenau, Germany
| | - Corinna L. Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Matthias Weider
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Rüdiger Junker
- Center for Dental Prosthetics and Biomaterials, Danube Private University Krems, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Department of Medical III, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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Ebersole JL, Graves CL, Gonzalez OA, Dawson D, Morford LA, Huja PE, Hartsfield JK, Huja SS, Pandruvada S, Wallet SM. Aging, inflammation, immunity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:54-75. [PMID: 27501491 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have long been associated with aging, such that this oral condition affects the majority of the adult population over 50 years of age. Although the immune system is a critical component for maintaining health, aging can be characterized by quantitative and qualitative modifications of the immune system. This process, termed 'immunosenescence', is a progressive modification of the immune system that leads to greater susceptibility to infections, neoplasia and autoimmunity, presumably reflecting the prolonged antigenic stimulation and/or stress responses that occur across the lifespan. Interestingly, the global reduction in the host capability to respond effectively to these challenges is coupled with a progressive increase in the general proinflammatory status, termed 'inflammaging'. Consistent with the definition of immunosenescence, it has been suggested that the cumulative effect of prolonged exposure of the periodontium to microbial challenge is, at least in part, a contributor to the effects of aging on these tissues. Thus, it has also been hypothesized that alterations in the function of resident immune and nonimmune cells of the periodontium contribute to the expression of inflammaging in periodontal disease. Although the majority of aging research has focused on the adaptive immune response, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune compartment is also highly affected by aging. Thus, the phenomenon of immunosenescence and inflammaging, expressed as age-associated changes within the periodontium, needs to be more fully understood in this era of precision and personalized medicine and dentistry.
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The influence of KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms on the development of periodontal disease in smokers and non-smokers. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:347-353. [PMID: 29472811 PMCID: PMC5820974 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.72796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent inflammatory, multifactorial diseases. Smoking is one of the most important environmental risk factors for the development and severity of periodontal disease. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and play an essential role in the regulation of NK cell activity, allowing natural killer (NK) cells to sense and respond to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms on the development of periodontal disease in smokers and non-smokers. Material and methods This study enrolled 400 Caucasian subjects (age range 25-69 years) from the West Pomeranian region of Poland. The subjects were categorized into four subgroups (smoking and non-smoking patients with periodontal disease; smoking and non-smoking subjects without periodontal disease - control subjects). Results The differences of KIR gene frequencies between non-smoking patients and non-smoking control subjects as well as smoking patients and control subjects were not statistically significant. In multivariate regression analysis advanced age of patients and smoking were independent factors associated with increased frequency of periodontal disease. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the main factor associated with increased risk of periodontal disease is smoking, whereas KIR presence/absence polymorphism is not a significant factor involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induced Proliferation and Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Vivo. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081086. [PMID: 27548133 PMCID: PMC6273780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promoted different innate immune activation than that promoted by Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. In this study, we examined the effect of P. gingivalis LPS on the proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) cells in vivo and compared that function with that of E. coli LPS. Administration of P. gingivalis LPS to C57BL/6 mice induced stronger proliferation of NK cells in the spleen and submandibular lymph nodes (sLNs) and increased the number of circulating NK cells in blood compared to those treated with E. coli LPS. However, P. gingivalis LPS did not induce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production and CD69 expression in the spleen and sLN NK cells in vivo, and this was attributed to the minimal activation of the spleen and sLN dendritic cells (DCs), including low levels of co-stimulatory molecule expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, P. gingivalis LPS-treated NK cells showed less cytotoxic activity against Yac-1 target cells than E. coli LPS-treated NK cells. Hence, these data demonstrated that P. gingivalis LPS promoted limited activation of spleen and sLN NK cells in vivo, and this may play a role in the chronic inflammatory state observed in periodontal disease.
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Gonzalez OA, Novak MJ, Kirakodu S, Stromberg A, Nagarajan R, Huang CB, Chen KC, Orraca L, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Ebersole JL. Differential Gene Expression Profiles Reflecting Macrophage Polarization in Aging and Periodontitis Gingival Tissues. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:643-64. [PMID: 26397131 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has determined a phenotypic and functional heterogeneity for macrophage populations. This plasticity of macrophage function has been related to specific properties of subsets (M1 and M2) of these cells in inflammation, adaptive immune responses and resolution of tissue destructive processes. This investigation hypothesized that targeted alterations in the distribution of macrophage phenotypes in aged individuals, and with periodontitis would be skewed towards M1 inflammatory macrophages in gingival tissues. The study used a non-human primate model to evaluate gene expression profiles as footprints of macrophage variation in healthy and periodontitis gingival tissues from animals 3-23 years of age and in periodontitis tissues in adult and aged animals. Significant increases in multiple genes reflecting overall increases in macrophage activities were observed in healthy aged tissues, and were significantly increased in periodontitis tissues from both adults and aged animals. Generally, gene expression patterns for M2 macrophages were similar in healthy young, adolescent and adult tissues. However, modest increases were noted in healthy aged tissues, similar to those seen in periodontitis tissues from both age groups. M1 macrophage gene transcription patterns increased significantly over the age range in healthy tissues, with multiple genes (e.g. CCL13, CCL19, CCR7 and TLR4) significantly increased in aged animals. Additionally, gene expression patterns for M1 macrophages were significantly increased in adult health versus periodontitis and aged healthy versus periodontitis. The findings supported a significant increase in macrophages with aging and in periodontitis. The primary increases in both healthy aged tissues and, particularly periodontitis tissues appeared in the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gonzalez
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - M J Novak
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - S Kirakodu
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - A Stromberg
- b Department of Statistics , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - R Nagarajan
- c Department of Biostatistics , College of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA
| | - C B Huang
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - K C Chen
- d Microarray Core Facility, College of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA
| | - L Orraca
- e School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA , and
| | - J Martinez-Gonzalez
- f Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA
| | - J L Ebersole
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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12
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Gonzales JR. T- and B-cell subsets in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:181-200. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Wilensky A, Chaushu S, Shapira L. The role of natural killer cells in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:128-41. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Ferranti B, Armanino R, Becce C. L’importanza dei Toll-Like Receptors nei tessuti parodontali. Ruolo delle cellule del parodonto nell’attivazione dell’infiammazione locale in seguito ad aggressione batterica. DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Vernal R, Diaz-Guerra E, Silva A, Sanz M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Distinct human T-lymphocyte responses triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis
capsular serotypes. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 41:19-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Vernal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental School; Universidad de Chile; Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Eva Diaz-Guerra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Augusto Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
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16
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Ebersole JL, Dawson DR, Morford LA, Peyyala R, Miller CS, Gonzaléz OA. Periodontal disease immunology: 'double indemnity' in protecting the host. Periodontol 2000 2013; 62:163-202. [PMID: 23574466 PMCID: PMC4131201 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the last two to three decades our understanding of the immunobiology of periodontal disease has increased exponentially, both with respect to the microbial agents triggering the disease process and the molecular mechanisms of the host engagement maintaining homeostasis or leading to collateral tissue damage. These foundational scientific findings have laid the groundwork for translating cell phenotype, receptor engagement, intracellular signaling pathways and effector functions into a 'picture' of the periodontium as the host responds to the 'danger signals' of the microbial ecology to maintain homeostasis or succumb to a disease process. These findings implicate the chronicity of the local response in attempting to manage the microbial challenge, creating a 'Double Indemnity' in some patients that does not 'insure' health for the periodontium. As importantly, in reflecting the title of this volume of Periodontology 2000, this review attempts to inform the community of how the science of periodontal immunology gestated, how continual probing of the biology of the disease has led to an evolution in our knowledge base and how more recent studies in the postgenomic era are revolutionizing our understanding of disease initiation, progression and resolution. Thus, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of host-bacteria interactions that result in the clinical presentation and outcomes of destructive periodontitis. The science has embarked from observations of variations in responses related to disease expression with a focus for utilization of the responses in diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes, to current investigations using cutting-edge fundamental biological processes to attempt to model the initiation and progression of soft- and hard-tissue destruction of the periodontium. As importantly, the next era in the immunobiology of periodontal disease will need to engage more sophisticated experimental designs for clinical studies to enable robust translation of basic biologic processes that are in action early in the transition from health to disease, those which stimulate microenvironmental changes that select for a more pathogenic microbial ecology and those that represent a rebalancing of the complex host responses and a resolution of inflammatory tissue destruction.
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17
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, biofilm-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that results in the loss of the tooth-supporting tissues. It features two major clinical entities: chronic periodontitis, which is more common, and aggressive periodontitis, which usually has an early onset and a rapid progression. Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct subgroup of lymphocytes that play a major role in the ability of the innate immune system to steer immune responses. NK cells are abundant in periodontitis lesions, and NK cell activation has been causally linked to periodontal tissue destruction. However, the exact mechanisms of their activation and their role in the pathophysiology of periodontitis are elusive. Here, we show that the predominant NK cell-activating molecule in periodontitis is CD2-like receptor activating cytotoxic cells (CRACC). We show that CRACC induction was significantly more pronounced in aggressive than chronic periodontitis and correlated positively with periodontal disease severity, subgingival levels of specific periodontal pathogens, and NK cell activation in vivo. We delineate how Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, an oral pathogen that is causally associated with aggressive periodontitis, indirectly induces CRACC on NK cells via activation of dendritic cells and subsequent interleukin 12 (IL-12) signaling. In contrast, we demonstrate that fimbriae from Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal pathogen in chronic periodontitis, actively attenuate CRACC induction on NK cells. Our data suggest an involvement of CRACC-mediated NK cell activation in periodontal tissue destruction and point to a plausible distinction in the pathobiology of aggressive and chronic periodontitis that may help explain the accelerated tissue destruction in aggressive periodontitis.
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18
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Chung J, Yoon YO, Lee JS, Ha TK, Ryu SM, Kim KH, Jeong MH, Yoon TR, Kim HK. Inulin induces dendritic cells apoptosis through the caspase-dependent pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:495-500. [PMID: 21467635 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that are responsible for initiating of the immune response. However, there are no reports on how the polysaccharides in an oral biofilm affect the viability of dendritic cells. Inulin, a fructooligossacharide, is one component of oral biofilm fructan that is used as an energy source by oral bacteria. In this study, we found that murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells were induced to undergo apoptosis after being treated with inulin in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), annexinV/propidium iodide (PI), and Hoechest staining methods. Inulin activated the apoptotic pathway, including caspase-9 and caspase-3, decreased the level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, increased the expression of the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein and induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These observations suggest that inulin induces the apoptosis of dendritic cells by altering the Bcl-2/Bax ratio through the caspase dependant pathway. These results indicated that high concentrations of inulin can cause apoptic cell death in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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19
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Tew JG, El Shikh ME, El Sayed RM, Schenkein HA. Dendritic cells, antibodies reactive with oxLDL, and inflammation. J Dent Res 2011; 91:8-16. [PMID: 21531918 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511407338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis appears to promote chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, but relevant mechanisms need clarification. Oral bacteria induce antibodies that bind not only bacteria, but also oxLDL. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induce remarkable IgG responses that are dominated by IgG2, and IgG2 is IFN-γ-dependent and is promoted by dendritic cells (DCs). LDL-reactive antibodies induced by P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans include anti-phosphorylcholine (α-PC) and β2-glycoprotein-1-dependent anticardiolipin (α-CL), and these antibodies may link chronic inflammatory diseases at a mechanistic level. Antibody-mediated uptake of oxLDL or bacteria dramatically enhances DC-IL-12, and DC-IL-12 induces NK-cell-IFN-γ responses that promote Th-1 responses and sustained inflammation. DCs may be derived from monocytes, and this is striking in cultures of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) monocytes, where DC numbers are about double control levels. Moreover, serum α-CL levels in individuals with AgP are frequently elevated, and these antibodies promote atherosclerosis in persons with antiphospholipid syndrome. Elevated serum levels of soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule, soluble-vascular cell adhesion molecule, and soluble-E-selectin are atherosclerosis-associated indicators of vascular inflammation, and these markers are elevated in the subset of AgP patients with high α-CL. We reason that periodontitis patients with elevated antibodies reactive with oxLDL could be a subgroup at high risk for cardiovascular sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Tew
- Clinical Research Center for Periodontal Diseases, School of Dentistry, VCU, Richmond, VA 23298-0556, USA.
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20
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Kebschull M, Papapanou PN. Periodontal microbial complexes associated with specific cell and tissue responses. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:17-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Kikuchi T, El Shikh MM, El Sayed RM, Purkall DB, Elaasser MM, Sarraf A, Barbour SE, Schenkein HA, Tew JG. Anti-phosphorylcholine-opsonized low-density lipoprotein promotes rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells and natural killer cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:720-30. [PMID: 20572914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that periodontal infections increase atherosclerosis risk. Periodontitis patients have elevated levels of anti-phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) reactive not only with numerous periodontal organisms but also with minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL). Dendritic cells (DCs) reside in arterial walls and accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions. The ability of anti-PC to bind mmLDL prompted the hypothesis that opsonized mmLDL would stimulate DCs and enhance the production of proinflammatory cytokines that promote atherogenic plaque development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Monocyte-derived DCs (mDCs) were generated using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, then stimulated with mmLDL or with anti-PC-opsonized mmLDL. The anti-PC effect was determined using flow cytometry, cofocal microscopy and cytokine assays. The production of CD83, IL-12p35 mRNA, IL-12p40 mRNA, IL-12p70 and IL-10 by DCs was monitored. RESULTS Dendritic cells stimulated with mmLDL expressed little CD83 and produced little IL-12p70. However, anti-PC-opsonized mmLDL enhanced DC maturation, as indicated by upregulated CD83 and rapid (≤ 48 h) production of IL-12p70 if a source of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was available. In leukocyte cultures, natural killer (NK) cells rapidly produced IFN-γ (≤ 48 h) when interacting with IL-12-producing DCs activated by anti-PC-opsonized mmLDL. Moreover, IFN-γ promoted DC IL-12 responses that were further augmented when mmLDL was opsonized with anti-PC. CONCLUSION Minimally modified LDL-stimulated DCs and NK cells were mutually stimulatory, with DC IL-12p70 needed by NK cells and with NK cell IFN-γ needed by DCs. Moreover, production of these proinflammatory cytokines was markedly enhanced when LDL was opsonized by anti-PC. In short, the data suggest that the elevated anti-PC levels in periodontitis patients could promote a mechanism that facilitates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kikuchi
- Clinical Research Center for Periodontal Diseases, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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22
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Holla LI, Hrdlickova B, Linhartova P, Fassmann A. Interferon-γ +874A/T polymorphism in relation to generalized chronic periodontitis and the presence of periodontopathic bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:153-8. [PMID: 20932510 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key regulatory cytokines that has a significant effect on immune responses. It may be important in the chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis in which increased IFN-γ levels were found. The aim of this study was to analyze +874A/T polymorphism in the IFN-γ gene and its associations with the presence of periodontopathic bacteria and susceptibility to generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS A total of 498 unrelated Czech white subjects were included in the present study. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 244 patients with CP and 254 healthy subjects. The IFN-γ +874A/T polymorphism was determined by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Subgingival bacterial colonization (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, T. denticola, P. micros, F. nucleatum in subgingival pockets) was investigated by the DNA-microarray based periodontal pathogen detection kit in a subgroup of subjects (N=110). RESULTS Our results showed no differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of the IFN-γ +874A/T polymorphism between patients with CP and controls (P>0.05). Although we found significant differences in the occurrence of periodontal bacteria between patients with CP and healthy controls (from P<0.00001 to P<0.05), no significant association between IFN-γ +874A/T polymorphism and periodontal pathogens was observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings indicate that putative functional variant in the IFN-γ is not associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis or microbial composition in the Czech population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic.
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23
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Vernal R, Leon R, Herrera D, Garcia-Sanz JA, Silva A, Sanz M. Variability in the response of human dendritic cells stimulated withPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:689-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Reichert S, Machulla HK, Klapproth J, Zimmermann U, Reichert Y, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Schulz S. Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-12 Gene Polymorphisms and Their Relation to Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis and Key Periodontal Pathogens. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1434-43. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Sasaki H, Suzuki N, Kent R, Kawashima N, Takeda J, Stashenko P. T Cell Response Mediated by Myeloid Cell-Derived IL-12 Is Responsible forPorphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis in IL-10-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6193-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Suzuki M, Ishihara Y, Kamiya Y, Koide M, Fuma D, Fujita S, Matsumura Y, Suga T, Kamei H, Noguchi T. Soluble Interleukin-1 Receptor Type II Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2008; 79:495-500. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Schenkein HA, Barbour SE, Tew JG. Cytokines and inflammatory factors regulating immunoglobulin production in aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2007; 45:113-27. [PMID: 17850452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2007.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abstract
Chronic diseases, such as periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are characterized by a robust immune response resulting in unresolved inflammation. Inflammation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines; recently, a novel subset of T-helper (Th) cells was identified that plays a crucial role in inflammation and autoimmune disease. This population secretes several proinflammatory cytokines, including the novel cytokine interleukin (IL)-17, and, hence, has been termed "Th17." Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the progression of localized chronic infections, such as PD, and in serious systemic pathologies, such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease. IL-17 mediates inflammation through a receptor (IL-17R) composed of two subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC. Drugs that antagonize inflammatory cytokines are used therapeutically to downregulate immune-mediated pathology in conditions such as RA, although not all patients respond well to this approach. Therefore, identification of potential novel therapeutic targets, such as the IL-17 signaling complex, may be clinically relevant for mitigating inflammatory pathology. However, the manner in which such a therapeutic may influence the onset and progression of PD is poorly understood. Therapeutics that antagonize inflammatory cytokines ameliorate inflammation and bone loss and may have broader implications for individuals with systemic diseases in which inflammation and autoimmunity predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
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29
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Cutler CW, Teng YTA. Oral mucosal dendritic cells and periodontitis: many sides of the same coin with new twists. Periodontol 2000 2007; 45:35-50. [PMID: 17850447 PMCID: PMC2828688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2007.00222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
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