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Yazdanbakhsh E, Bohlouli B, Patterson S, Amin M. Community water fluoride cessation and rate of caries-related pediatric dental treatments under general anesthesia in Alberta, Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2024; 115:305-314. [PMID: 38389035 PMCID: PMC11027763 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the rate of caries-related dental treatments under general anesthesia (GA) in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in Alberta, Canada, between 2010 and 2019. METHODS This retrospective, population-based study included all children ( < 12 years of age) living in Calgary (non-fluoridated) and Edmonton (fluoridated) who underwent caries-related dental treatments under GA at publicly funded facilities. Demographics and dental data were extracted from health administrative databases for three time periods of 2010/11 (pre-cessation), 2014/15, and 2018/19 (post-cessation). RESULTS Among 2659 children receiving caries-related treatments under GA, the mean (SD) and median (IQR) age were 4.8 (2.3) and 4 (3-6) years, respectively, and 65% resided in the non-fluoridated area. The analysis revealed that the cessation of water fluoridation was significantly associated with an increased rate of caries-related GA events per 10,000 children in both age groups (0-5 and 6-11 years), with a more pronounced effect in 0-5-year-olds in non-fluoridated areas. The risk of dental treatments under GA was also positively associated with post-cessation time. CONCLUSION Discontinuing water fluoridation appears to negatively affect young children's oral health, potentially leading to a significant increase in caries-related dental treatments under GA and oral health disparities in this pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yazdanbakhsh
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Babak Bohlouli
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steven Patterson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Ghaffarpour M, Karami‐Zarandi M, Rahdar HA, Feyisa SG, Taki E. Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non-surgical therapeutic approaches. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25002. [PMID: 38254289 PMCID: PMC10829694 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs. AIM The aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non-surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non-surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS. RESULTS Due to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION So, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non-surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Ghaffarpour
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Morteza Karami‐Zarandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineIranshahr University of Medical SciencesIranshahrIran
| | - Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
- Department of Medical LaboratorySalale University College of Health SciencesFicheEthiopia
| | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Atia NSM, El-Nemr RA, Abo-Elsoud AAE. Effect of lactoferrin on enamel characteristics of primary and permanent teeth: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:993. [PMID: 38082265 PMCID: PMC10714541 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein naturally found in breast milk, is known for its bactericidal and antiviral properties, as well as its capacity to modulate the immune system; therefore, pediatricians routinely recommend it as dietary support. The objective of this study was to determine how lactoferrin oral suspension could affect the enamel surface characteristics of primary and permanent teeth. METHODS This research was conducted on 40 unidentified extracted teeth, including primary and permanent teeth. Experimental teeth were free of cracks or enamel defects, as confirmed by careful examination using a dental operating microscope. The crowns were bisected into 80 specimens and assorted into two groups based on the type of dentition. Group DM included 40 specimens of second deciduous molars, while Group PM contained 40 samples of first premolars. Each of the DM and PM specimens was subsequently split based on the type of dispersion medium into two subgroups: a control subgroup (artificial saliva) and a test subgroup (lactoferrin suspension). The specimens were immersed in lactoferrin suspension for two minutes, then kept in artificial saliva for the rest of the 24 h for 30 successive days. This is a pioneering study about the effect of orally supplemented lactoferrin on teeth; therefore, we examined enamel hardness, ultra-morphology, and mineral contents. RESULTS Our findings indicated a highly significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the microhardness of the lactoferrin subgroup in Group DM (second deciduous molars) and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the microhardness of the lactoferrin subgroup in Group PM (premolars). Calcium weight% was not statistically different (p > 0.05) compared with a significant decline (p < 0.05) in phosphorus weight% in lactoferrin subgroups in both DM and PM groups. The enamel surface of lactoferrin subgroups in both DM and PM groups was demineralized and porous, with the enamel of deciduous teeth being more affected by lactoferrin than permanent teeth. CONCLUSION Lactoferrin suspension decreased the microhardness of enamel and both calcium and phosphorus weight percentages. Both dentitions exhibited erosions in the enamel surface, with primary teeth being more affected than the permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Samir Mohamed Atia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt.
| | - Reham Ahmed El-Nemr
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ali Emam Abo-Elsoud
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt.
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de Boer M, Zimmermann M, Attin T, Tauböck TT, Hamza B. Marginal Integrity of Simplified Adhesive Strategies in Primary Teeth. Int Dent J 2023; 73:881-888. [PMID: 37385864 PMCID: PMC10658436 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of simplified adhesive strategies (self-etch vs selective enamel etch and 10- vs 20-second adhesive application time) on the marginal integrity in primary molars. METHODS Forty deep class-II cavities were prepared in 40 extracted primary molars. The molars were divided into 4 groups based on the applied universal adhesive strategy as follows: groups 1 and 2: selective enamel etch with 20- or 10-second application time and groups 3 and 4: self-etch with 20- or 10-second application time. All cavities were restored with a sculptable bulk-fill composite restoration. The restorations underwent a thermomechanical loading (TML, 5-50 °C, 2-minute dwelling time, ×1000; 400,000 loading cycles, 1.7 Hz, 49 N). Marginal analysis before and after TML was conducted with scanning electron microscopy and the marginal integrity of each restoration was calculated as a percentage of continuous margins. A beta regression model was adopted to statistically analyse the data with a consequent pairwise comparison. RESULTS The mean marginal integrity (% ± SD) of the restorations for each tested adhesive strategy after TML was as follows: selective enamel etch/20 seconds = 85.4 ± 3.9, self-etch/20 seconds = 85.3 ± 5.2, self-etch/10 seconds = 80.1 ± 8.2, and selective enamel etch/10 seconds = 80.0 ± 8.5. The difference between both adhesive strategies was not statistically significant at the same application time. The difference between both application times within the same adhesive strategy was statistically significant (P ≤ .01). CONCLUSIONS Universal adhesives applied either in selective enamel etch or in self-etch mode result in comparable marginal integrities when restoring class-II cavities in primary molars. Shortened adhesive application time (10 seconds) could lead to a reduction in the marginal integrity in comparison to the recommended application time of 20 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia de Boer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Zimmermann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Torsakul P, Rirattanapong P, Prapansilp W. The Remineralization Effect of Calcium Glycerophosphate in Fluoride Mouth Rinse on Demineralized Primary Enamel: An in vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:410-415. [PMID: 38124723 PMCID: PMC10729885 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_114_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the remineralization effect of a fluoride mouth rinse containing calcium glycerophosphate in fluoride mouth rinse based on the surface microhardness of demineralized primary enamel. Materials and Methods 40 sound primary incisors were placed into self-curing acrylic resin and subjected to a demineralizing solution for 5 days, resulting in the formation of artificial caries. The teeth were categorized into four groups (n = 10): group I artificial saliva, group II sodium fluoride, group III sodium fluoride + sodium monofluorophosphate, and group IV sodium monofluorophosphate + calcium glycerophosphate. The specimens received a pH cycling procedure and were submerged twice in their assigned groups for 7 days. The baseline, after demineralization, and after remineralization surface microhardness values were determined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the mean surface microhardness between groups and one-way repeated measures ANOVA for the mean surface microhardness within each group and Bonferroni's for multiple comparisons at 95% confidence level. The percentage recovery surface microhardness was determined by calculating the average surface microhardness. Results After demineralization, the mean surface microhardness in all groups significantly decreased. After remineralization, group I had the lowest surface microhardness values and the percentage recovery surface microhardness (P value < 0.001), and group IV had the highest surface microhardness values and the percentage recovery surface microhardness (P value < 0.001). No significant difference was found between groups II and III (P value = 0.365). Conclusions Fluoride mouth rinse containing calcium glycerophosphate has a remineralization effect on demineralized primary enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaros Torsakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Praphasri Rirattanapong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Woranun Prapansilp
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kaur S, Bhola M, Bajaj N, Brar GS. Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Fluoride Varnish on the Enamel Surface of Primary and Permanent Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:S91-S96. [PMID: 37663209 PMCID: PMC10474381 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the paradigm shift in the management of dental caries, the focus is now laid on remineralization therapies that can arrest the progression of the disease and remineralize the subsurface lesions. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the remineralizing potential of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and fluoride varnish (FV) on enamel surfaces in primary and permanent teeth. Materials and methods A total of 120 primary anterior teeth and 120 premolars were used to prepare enamel blocks in acrylic resin. The mean baseline surface microhardness (SMH) for each sample was determined using a microvickers hardness testing machine. Thereafter, the samples were randomly and equally distributed into groups and subgroups based on the materials used, that is, SDF, CPP-ACP, FV, and distilled water (control). After subjecting the samples to a pH cycling regime, SMH was determined again and the percentage change in SMH was calculated. Results The data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using an independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In primary teeth, the least mean percentage reduction in SMH was observed after the application of FV followed by SDF, CPP-ACP, and control. In permanent teeth, both SDF and FV showed the least percentage reduction of enamel SMH followed by CPP-ACP and control. Conclusion Silver diamine fluoride (SDF), FV, and CPP-ACP showed remineralizing potential in both primary and permanent teeth. How to cite this article Kaur S, Bhola M, Bajaj N, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Fluoride Varnish on the Enamel Surface of Primary and Permanent Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S91-S96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarpreet Kaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Meenu Bhola
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Nitika Bajaj
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Gurlal S Brar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Salma RS, Eldardiry NK, Elmaddah HA, Ismail HA, Salem EM. Comparative analysis of the effect of Bioactive Glass 45S5 on enamel erosion progression in human dentitions (in vitro study). Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1707-1721. [PMID: 36434276 PMCID: PMC10102087 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to compare the surface morphology alterations, mineral content, and surface roughness of eroded enamel surface versus eroded enamel surface which was preceded by Bioactive Glass 45S5 (BAG45S5) application in both primary and permanent human dentitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two primary teeth and fifty-two permanent teeth were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of twenty-six teeth each. Groups A1 and B1 underwent erosion with 1% citric acid, while groups A2 and B2 were subjected to application of BAG45S5 powder followed by the same erosive conditions as A1 and B1. Measurements were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface profilometry. They were used to examine the surface morphology alterations, mineral content, and surface roughness, respectively. RESULTS SEM of enamel which received BAG45S5 showed smoother surface in primary teeth post erosion. EDX analysis showed that enamel exhibited crucial resistance to mineral loss in the group which received BAG45S5 prior to inducing erosion as compared to the induced erosion-only group. This was significant (p < 0.005) in both human dentitions. Erosion-only groups showed significantly less surface roughness in permanent teeth (p < 0.045). A marked decrease in surface roughness was observed in surfaces receiving BAG45S5, primary teeth (p < 0.001), and permanent teeth (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Bioactive Glass 45S5 proved successful against erosive conditions in both primary and permanent teeth with better performance in the permanent teeth so it can be regarded as a means of prevention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bioactive Glass 45S5 powder could be used not only to remove stains but also as a prophylactic preventive measure against the multiple episodes of acidic food and beverage consumption in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Samir Salma
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Pharos University in Alexandria, Sidi Gaber, P.O. Box 37, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Hoda Ahmed Ismail
- Pharos University in Alexandria, Sidi Gaber, P.O. Box 37, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M Salem
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Biology Department, Pharos University in Alexandria, Sidi Gaber, P.O. Box 37, Alexandria, Egypt
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Polymorphisms in genes expressed during amelogenesis and their association with dental caries: a case–control study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1681-1695. [PMID: 36422720 PMCID: PMC10102052 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Dental caries is a widespread multifactorial disease, caused by the demineralization of hard dental tissues. Susceptibility to dental caries is partially genetically conditioned; this study was aimed at finding an association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins involved in amelogenesis with this disease in children.
Materials and methods
In this case–control study, 15 SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, AMELX, KLK4, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes were analyzed in 150 children with primary dentition and 611 children with permanent teeth with/without dental caries from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort.
Results
Dental caries in primary dentition was associated with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs198968, rs2242670), and dental caries in permanent dentition with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs2235091, rs2242670, rs2978642), (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in the allele or genotype frequencies of any of the selected SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes (p > 0.05). Some KLK4 haplotypes were associated with dental caries in permanent dentition (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions
Based on this study, we found that although the SNPs in AMELX and KLK4 are localized in intronic regions and their functional significance has not yet been determined, they are associated with susceptibility to dental caries in children.
Clinical relevance
AMELX and KLK4 variants could be considered in the risk assessment of dental caries, especially in permanent dentition, in the European Caucasian population.
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Foecke KK, Hammond AS, Kelley J. Portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy geochemical sourcing of Miocene primate fossils from Kenya. J Hum Evol 2022; 170:103234. [PMID: 36001899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the biogeography and evolution of Miocene catarrhines relies on accurate specimen provenience. It has long been speculated that some catarrhine specimens among the early collections from Miocene sites in Kenya have incorrect provenience data. The provenience of one of these, the holotype of Equatorius africanus (NHM M16649), was previously revised based on x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Here we use nondestructive portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to test the provenience of additional catarrhine specimens that, based hat two specimens purportedly from the Early Miocene site of Rusinga (KNM-RU 1681 and KNM-RU 1999) are instead from Maboko, three specimens purportedly from the Middle Miocene site of Fort Ternan (KNM-FT 8, KNM-FT 41, and KNM-FT 3318) are instead from Songhor, and one specimen accessioned as being from Songhor (KNM-SO 5352) is from that site. Elemental data reveal that two of the specimens (KNM-FT 3318 and KNM-RU 1681) are likely to have been collected at sites other than their museum-accessioned provenience, while two others (KNM-RU 1999, and KNM-FT 41) were confirmed to have correct provenience. Results for both KNM-FT 8 and KNM-SO 5352, while somewhat equivocal, are best interpreted as supporting their accessioned provenience. Our results have implications for the distribution of certain catarrhine species during the Miocene in Kenya. Confirmation of the provenience of the specimens also facilitates taxonomic attribution, and resulted in additions to the morphological characterizations of some species. The protocol presented here has potential for wider application to assessing questions of provenience for fossils from other locations and periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Foecke
- Center for Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Ashley S Hammond
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay Kelley
- Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Xue VW, Yin IX, Niu JY, Chan A, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Combined Effects of Topical Fluorides and Semiconductor Lasers on Prevention of Enamel Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:378-386. [PMID: 35587640 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the effects of combined treatment of topical fluoride and semiconductor laser (F&L) with topically using fluoride (F) on remineralization and prevention of enamel caries. Background: There is no agreement on whether semiconductor lasers can promote the effect of topical fluoride on the remineralization and prevention of dental caries. This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the pooled effect of data from studies that compared the combined use of semiconductor lasers and topical fluorides with the single use of fluoride on remineralization and prevention of caries. Methods: We performed literature search on Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The keywords were as follows: ((diode lasers) OR (diode laser) OR (quantum cascade laser) OR (quantum cascade lasers) OR (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide lasers) OR (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide laser) OR (GaAlAs lasers) OR (GaAlAs Laser) OR (semiconductor laser) OR (semiconductor lasers)) AND ((caries) OR (dental caries) OR (remineralisation) OR (remineralization) OR (demineralization) OR (demineralisation)) AND fluoride. We carried out meta-analysis to compare the microhardness of demineralized enamel, lesion depth (LD), and percent reduction of calcium (Ca%) of sound enamel receiving F&L with F. Results: The search identified nine laboratory studies, which used 445 to 980 nm semiconductor lasers with various fluorides. The standard mean difference of microhardness of demineralized enamel between F&L and F was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12 to 2.00, p = 0.03]. No difference was found in LD (95% CI: -1.63 to 0.10, p = 0.08) and Ca% (95% CI: -0.52 to 1.28, p = 0.40) on sound enamel between the two groups. Conclusions: Semiconductor lasers enhance the effect of fluoride on remineralizing but not on preventing enamel caries. Moreover, substantial heterogeneity was found among the studies, and the results should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - John Yun Niu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ambrose Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Efficacy of a Novel Bioactive Glass-Polymer Composite for Enamel Remineralization following Erosive Challenge. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:6539671. [PMID: 35497177 PMCID: PMC9054491 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6539671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is the most common cause of tooth loss. However, it can be stopped by enhancing remineralization. Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are among the most important remineralizing agents. Recent studies have used bioactive glass as a remineralizing agent in different forms. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a composite paste (prepared by mixing urethane polypropylene glycol oligomer with bioactive glass powder for easier application). Materials and Methods Enamel disks were cut out of the buccal surface of extracted sound third molars. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 and underwent Vickers microhardness test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS) were performed. All samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 14 days. The tests were then repeated. Next, bioactive glass paste, fluoride, and CPP-ACP were applied on the surface of the samples and they were then stored in an artificial saliva for 14 days. The tests were repeated again. The microhardness values were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results The microhardness of the bioactive glass group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). XRD revealed an enamel structure more similar to sound enamel in the bioactive glass and CPP-ACP groups compared with the fluoride group. FESEM/EDS revealed higher hydroxyapatite deposition in the bioactive glass group than in the other two groups. Conclusions All three remineralizing agents caused remineralization, but bioactive glass paste had a greater efficacy.
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González-Sotelo A, Contreras-Bulnes R, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, de Los Angeles Moyaho-Bernal M, Rubio-Rosas E, Teutle-Coyotecatl B, Mézquita-Rodrigo I. Morphological and porosity changes in primary enamel surface after an in vitro demineralization model. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1956-1963. [PMID: 35005814 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are very useful in dentistry, especially to evaluate preventive methods against dental caries. Although they have been used for more than 30 years, specific demineralization models have not been established for primary enamel, which is more prone to demineralization than permanent enamel. This study evaluates porosity changes in primary enamel surface after a demineralization model through a scientifically validated analytical tool. Nine healthy human anterior primary teeth extracted for therapeutic reasons were included in this study, previous informed consent. The samples were randomly assigned to three groups n = 3: G1_2D, G2_4D, and G3_7D. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images at ×200 and ×1000 were taken during two stages: before demineralization (BD) and after demineralization (AD). Morphological characterization was observed at ×1000, while porosity (pore count and perimeter) was analyzed by the ImageJ program, using ×200 SEM images previously converted. Several statistical analyses were used to determine differences (p ≤ .05). Morphological characterization AD revealed new pits and cracks on the enamel surface in G1_2D and G2_4D groups. Localized eroded enamel areas were observed in G3_7D. Pore count of enamel surface BD ranged from 64.26 ± 37.62 to 97.93 ± 34.25 and AD ranged from 150.06 ± 64.86 to 256 ± 58.14. AD, G_4D exhibited a decrease in pore perimeter contrary to G_2D and G_7D. Significant differences were observed. Finally, morphological changes were more evident as days of demineralization increased; 7 days of immersion could be employed as an enamel erosive model. The pore count increased after the demineralization model, BD pores perimeter was heterogeneous, and AD varied according to the immersion period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlete González-Sotelo
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Efraín Rubio-Rosas
- Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Teutle-Coyotecatl
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Irina Mézquita-Rodrigo
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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García-Quintana A, Díaz S, Cova O, Fernandes S, Aguirre MA, Acevedo AM. Caries experience and associated risk factors in Venezuelan 6-12-year-old schoolchildren. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e026. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Orilisi G, Monterubbianesi R, Notarstefano V, Tosco V, Vitiello F, Giuliani G, Putignano A, Orsini G. New insights from Raman MicroSpectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy on the microstructure and chemical composition of vestibular and lingual surfaces in permanent and deciduous human teeth. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119966. [PMID: 34052763 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are characterized by a specific chemical composition and microstructure, which are related to their nature, permanent and deciduous, and to the sides, lingual and vestibular. Deeper knowledge in this topic could be useful in clinical practice to develop new strategies in restorative dentistry and in the choice of materials with the best performances. In this study, Raman MicroSpectroscopy (RMS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and Vickers MicroHardness (VMH) were exploited to: (1) identify the microstructure and the chemical/elemental composition of permanent and deciduous human teeth, also characterizing their lingual and vestibular sides, and (2) validate a new multidisciplinary analytical approach, for obtaining multiple information on calcified tissues. All applied techniques evidenced differences between permanent and deciduous teeth both in the lingual and vestibular sides. In particular, scanning electron micrographs identified areas with an irregular appearance in the vestibular and lingual sides, which presented also different VMH values. Moreover, RMS and EDS displayed a different chemical/elemental composition in outer and inner enamel and dentin, in terms of Mineral/Matrix, Crystallinity, Carbonates/phosphates, and concentrations by weight (%) of calcium, phosphorous, carbon, magnesium, and sodium. A good linear correlation was found between RMS spectral profiles and EDS and VMH measurements, suggesting that RMS may be considered a useful and non-destructive diagnostic tool for obtaining multiple information on calcified tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Giuliani
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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González-Sotelo A, Contreras-Bulnes R, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Moyaho-Bernal MDLA, Rubio-Rosas E, Cerna-Cortez JR. Enamel demineralization model in primary teeth: Micro-CT and SEM assessments of artificial incipient lesion. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1577-1585. [PMID: 33527566 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have analyzed different tooth demineralization models, which generate artificial incipient lesions; however, most of them are complex, slow, not clear and results could not be employed in both primary and permanent teeth because of chemical content differences among them. This study evaluates a demineralization model on primary enamel, under three incubation periods; quantifying artificial incipient lesions formation, and depth by micro-CT, complementing with SEM for morphological characterization. Sixteen healthy human anterior primary teeth extracted for prolonged retention and orthopedic/orthodontic reasons were included in this study, previous informed consent. The sample was randomly assigned to four groups n = 4: G_Control, G_2D, G_4D, and G_7D. Micro-CT and SEM were performed during two stages: before demineralization (BD) and after demineralization (AD). A t-student test was carried out to determine differences among groups (p ≤ .05). No incipient lesions were observed in control group. Artificial lesion depth was similar among experimental groups; values were from 38.16 ± 05.40 μm to 42.61 ± 04.75 μm. An amount of 14 to 17 artificial incipient lesions were formed per group, the extension and distribution were different for each incubation period. Five erosive lesions were produced in G_7D. All experimental groups were able to form incipient artificial lesions in primary enamel. SEM characterization revealed more pronounced changes on the enamel surface, as the days of immersion in the demineralization solution increased. The 4-day incubation period is the most recommended for the demineralization model, due to the formation of incipient lesions only and its extension, which facilitates their assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlete González-Sotelo
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Jesús Carranza esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Jesús Carranza esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Laura E Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Jesús Carranza esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Moyaho-Bernal
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Estomatología, Av. Manuel Espinosa Yglesias 31 Pte. 1304, Col. Los Volcanes, Puebla, Puebla, C.P. 72570, México
| | - Efraín Rubio-Rosas
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, C.P. 72570, México
| | - Jorge R Cerna-Cortez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro Avanzado de Pruebas Analíticas No Destructivas, Blvd Valsequillo y esquina Blvd Municipio libre S/N, Cd Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, C.P. 72570, Mexico
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Su N, Lagerweij MD, van der Heijden GJMG. Assessment of predictive performance of caries risk assessment models based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2021; 110:103664. [PMID: 33984413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the predictive performance of caries risk assessment (CRA) models for prediction of caries increment for individuals based on a systematic review and meta-analyses. DATA/SOURCES We included external validation studies assessing the predictive performance of CRA models for prediction of caries increment for individuals, using discrimination and calibration as the outcome parameters. PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched electronically on 10th September 2020 to identify prediction modeling studies on external validation of CRA models. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). STUDY SELECTION A total of 22 studies with seven different CRA models were included. As for full Cariogram, the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.78 (95 %CI: 0.68; 0.85) based on eight studies regardless of the risk of bias levels, and 0.82 (95 %CI: 0.58; 0.93) based on four studies with low risk of bias only. The pooled observed: expected ratio (O:E ratio) of full Cariogram was 0.91 (95 %CI: 0.72; 1.14) based on 12 studies regardless of the risk of bias levels, and 0.89 (95 %CI: 0.71; 1.12) based on five studies with low risk of bias only. As for reduced Cariogram, the pooled AUC was 0.72 (95 %CI: 0.67; 0.77) based on six studies regardless of the risk of bias levels, and 0.74 (95 %CI: 0.45; 0.91) based on two studies with low risk of bias only. The pooled O:E ratio of reduced Cariogram was 0.84 (95 %CI: 0.59; 1.18) based on six studies regardless of the risk of bias levels, and 1.05 (95 %CI: 0.43; 2.59) based on two studies with low risk of bias only. Based on an insufficient number of studies for the other CRA models, the pooled AUCs ranged from 0.50 to 0.88, while the pooled O:E ratio ranged from 0.38 to 1.00. CONCLUSION The average predictive performance of both full and reduced Cariogram seems to be acceptable. However, the evidence from research does not allow a firm conclusion on the performance of the other included CRA models, due to the insufficient number of high-quality studies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Both full and reduced Cariogram were found to be reliable CRA models for prediction of caries increment in clinical practices for dental patients and communities for general populations. The reduced Cariogram showed better predictive performance and less burden in terms of time and resources to individuals than the full Cariogram. Therefore, the reduced Cariogram could be more recommended than the full Cariogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naichuan Su
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amasterdam and VU University, the Netherlands.
| | - Maxim D Lagerweij
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amasterdam and VU University, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J M G van der Heijden
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amasterdam and VU University, the Netherlands
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Deep carious lesions management in children and adolescents: a questionnaire survey among dentists practicing paediatric dentistry in France. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:899-910. [PMID: 33877568 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While many questionnaire surveys have been undertaken worldwide to investigate practices toward deep carious lesion (DCL) management in adults, very few are related to children and adolescents. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess DCL management in children and adolescents among dentists practicing paediatric dentistry in France (Fr-DPPDs). The secondary objective was to compare practices between Fr-DPPDs and dentists registered in the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). METHODS A questionnaire was electronically administrated to members of the CEOP (Collège des Enseignants en Odontologie Pédiatrique), the SFOP (Société Française d'Odontologie Pédiatrique), and the EAPD. Descriptive analyses, Chi-square and McNemar tests, ANOVA, crude and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 99 Fr-DPPDs and 146 EAPD members answered the questionnaire. Among the Fr-DPPDs, the preferred caries removal (CR) methods were the complete CR in one step for primary teeth and mature permanent teeth (respectively, 70% and 48%) and in two steps for immature permanent teeth (39%). EAPD members were more likely, than Fr-DPPDs, to choose selective CR versus complete CR in primary teeth (odds ratio = 2.60; 95% CI 1.39-4.85). Moreover, for primary or immature permanent teeth, general practitioners were less likely to choose selective CR than specialists and exclusive practitioners in paediatric dentistry, (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tooth type [primary, permanent (immature or mature)] seemed to influence DCL management. Fr-DPPS should prioritise pulpal vitality when managing DCL.
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Chabadel O, Véronneau J, Montal S, Tramini P, Moulis E. Effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants on primary molars: A 2-yr split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 129:e12758. [PMID: 33377533 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sealants in preventing pit and fissure caries in primary molars. The secondary objective was to assess the sealant retention during a 2-yr study period. A 2-yr split-mouth randomized clinical trial including 90 3-7-yr-old children was conducted in the paediatric dental department of Montpellier hospital. The dentition of each included patient was divided into an experimental side and a control side, with annual follow-up visits. Caries increments, measured as the number of new occlusal cavitated lesions, were not different between the sealed (mean 0.23) and the control primary molars (mean 0.29). A multiple mixed-effects logistic regression showed that male gender, moderate/high caries risk, and a higher oral hygiene index score, had a statistically significant effect resulting in higher caries increments in the primary molars, than did female gender, low caries risk, and lower oral hygiene index scores. Sealing showed no statistically significant influence on the development of new caries lesions. After 2 yr, the percentages of partially or totally lost sealants were 22.7% and 32.0%, respectively. In this sample of children, the caries increment was not significantly different between the sealed and the unsealed molars. At the end of this 2-yr study, more than half of the sealants were totally or partially lost, which could explain the low sealant effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Chabadel
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Véronneau
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of McGill, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Montal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Tramini
- Department of Dental Public Health, Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Moulis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Soares-Yoshikawa AL, Varanda T, Iwamoto AS, Kantovitz KR, Puppin-Rontani RM, Pascon FM. Fluoride release and remineralizing potential of varnishes in early caries lesions in primary teeth. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:1012-1021. [PMID: 33278320 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the fluoride (F) release and remineralizing potential of varnishes containing sodium fluoride (5% NaF), 5% NaF with CPP-ACP and 5% NaF with TCP in early caries lesions in primary teeth. To determine the F release at 1, 4, 6, 24, 72, and 168 hr, strips were covered with the varnishes and immersed in purified water (n = 7). The varnishes and purified water (negative control) were applied on enamel blocks with early caries lesions (n = 16). Enamel blocks were stored in artificial saliva and submitted to a pH-cycling. The area of enamel hardness loss (ΔS) was analyzed by microhardness, lesion depth by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and the chemical analysis by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Data were submitted to Shapiro-Wilk, two-way and one-way ANOVA, Tukey and paired t-tests (α = 5%). All varnishes released F, but 5% NaF with CPP-ACP had the highest release at 4, 6, 24, and 72 hr (p < .05) followed by 5% NaF with TCP and 5% NaF. No significant difference in ΔS was observed among varnishes (5% NaF = 4,098.4 ± 1,407.9; 5% NaF with CPP-ACP = 4,164.0 ± 1,019.3; 5% NaF with TCP = 4,183.2 ± 1,527.2; p = .999), but all of them differed from the negative control group (6,757.8 ± 2,274.7; p < .001). Lesion depth was lower in varnishes groups compared to negative control (% reduction: 5% NaF = 41.8%, 5% NaF with CPP-ACP = 38.8%, and 5% NaF with TCP = 36.3%; p < .001). Similar Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio percentages among groups and F was not detected after the treatments. All fluoride varnishes showed potential to enhance remineralization of early caries lesions in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Laignier Soares-Yoshikawa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Varanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Shizue Iwamoto
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Dental Materials Area, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Miori Pascon
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Scheffel DLS, Cury JA, Tenuta LMA, Scheffel RH, Perez C, Soares DG, Basso FG, Costa CADS, Pashley DH, Hebling J. Proteolytic activity, degradation, and dissolution of primary and permanent teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:650-659. [PMID: 32077547 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and permanent teeth composition may influence dissolution and degradation rates. AIM To compare the dissolution and degradation of primary and permanent teeth. DESIGN Enamel and dentin powders were obtained from primary molars and premolars and incubated within different pH buffers. Calcium and inorganic phosphate release was quantified in the buffers by atomic absorption and light spectrophotometry. A colorimetric assay was used to assess the MMP activity of primary dentin (PrD) and permanent dentin (PeD). Collagen degradation was assessed by dry mass loss, change in elastic modulus (E), and ICTP and CTX release. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Similar dissolution was found between PrD and PeD after 256 hours. At pH 4.5, enamel released more minerals than dentin whereas at pH 5.5 the inverse result was observed. MMP activity was similar for both substrates. PrD showed higher dry mass loss after 1 week. In general, greater reduction in E was recorded for PrD. Higher quantities of ICTP and CTX were released from PrD after 1 week. CONCLUSIONS Primary and permanent teeth presented similar demineralization rates. Collagen degradation, however, was faster and more substantial for PrD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Lopes Salles Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Aparecido Cury
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Régis Henke Scheffel
- Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cristina Perez
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Physiology and Patology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Patology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Patology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - David Henry Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Sorkhdini P, Gregory RL, Crystal YO, Tang Q, Lippert F. Effectiveness of in vitro primary coronal caries prevention with silver diamine fluoride - Chemical vs biofilm models. J Dent 2020; 99:103418. [PMID: 32593705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of SDF and its individual components, silver (Ag+) and fluoride (F-) ions, in preventing enamel demineralization using biofilm and chemical models. METHODES Polished human enamel specimens were assigned to five treatment groups (n = 18 per group): SDF (38 %); SDF followed by application of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SDF + KI); silver nitrate (AgNO3; silver control, 253,900 ppm Ag+); potassium fluoride (KF; fluoride control, 44,800 ppm F); deionized water (DIW). Treatments were applied once to sound enamel. In the biofilm model, specimens were demineralized by aerobic overnight incubation using cariogenic bacteria isolated from human saliva in brain heart infusion supplemented with 0.2 % sucrose for three days. In the chemical model, enamel specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution containing 0.1 M lactic acid, 4.1 mM CaCl2, 8.0 mM KH2PO4, 0.2 % Carbopol 907, pH adjusted to 5.0 for five days. Vickers surface microhardness was used to determine the extent of enamel demineralization. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS In the chemical model, there was no statistically significant difference between SDF and SDF + KI in preventing coronal caries (p < 0.0001). In the biofilm model, SDF + KI was significantly less effective in preventing demineralization than SDF (p < 0.0001). In both models, SDF and SDF + KI were superior in their ability to prevent caries lesion formation than AgNO3 and DIW. CONCLUSION KI application after SDF treatment appears to impair SDF's ability to prevent biofilm-mediated but not chemically induced demineralization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF may be a viable option in preventing primary coronal caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand Sorkhdini
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yasmi O Crystal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, USA.
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Rajeev G, Lewis AJ, N S. A time based objective evaluation of the erosive effects of various beverages on enamel and cementum of deciduous and permanent teeth. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e1-e8. [PMID: 31976037 PMCID: PMC6969956 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erosion of the teeth is a chronic irreversible process leading to loss of surface enamel and even the dentin, in turn causing sensitivity and pain. Increased consumption of carbonated beverages remains a major cause for dental erosion. However, many of the so called safe beverages that are consumed may also have sufficiently low pH to cause dental erosion. One of the parameters to measure the dental erosion is estimation of hardness and surface roughness. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the difference in hardness and surface roughness of enamel and cementum using three beverages namely (carbonated drink, lime soda, lime juice) in deciduous and permanent teeth.
Material and Methods Ten permanent and three deciduous teeth samples each were kept in lime juice, lime soda, carbonated beverage and tap water. The VHN using Vickers hardness tester and Ra value using surface profilometer were assessed at baseline, 1 day and 10 days.
Results At the end of 10 days the decrease in hardness of enamel of permanent teeth was maximum for teeth immersed in carbonated beverage followed by lime soda and lime juice. However, in the deciduous teeth it was observed that the VHN drop was maximum at 1 day in relation to teeth immersed in carbonated beverage followed by lime juice and lime soda. The hardness of cementum decreased significantly at the end of ten days both in deciduous as well as permanent teeth.
Conclusions The present study shows that many of the most commonly used beverages like lime juice and lime soda have a sufficiently low pH to cause erosion of the enamel surface as well as that of cementum of both deciduous and permanent teeth. Though protective mechanisms do exist in the oral cavity to neutralize the acids present in these beverages, continuous usage of these beverages leads to irreversible damage to the tooth structure. Key words:Dental erosion, hardness, surface roughness, permanent teeth, deciduous teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Rajeev
- Former Student. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Amitha J Lewis
- Associate Professor. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Light House Hill Road, Mangalore -575001. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Srikant N
- Professor and Head. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
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Poklepovic Pericic T, Worthington HV, Johnson TM, Sambunjak D, Imai P, Clarkson JE, Tugwell P. WITHDRAWN: Interdental brushing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 4:CD009857. [PMID: 31017680 PMCID: PMC6481275 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009857.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective oral hygiene is a crucial factor in maintaining good oral health, which is associated with overall health and health-related quality of life. Dental floss has been used for many years in conjunction with toothbrushing for removing dental plaque in between teeth, however, interdental brushes have been developed which many people find easier to use than floss, providing there is sufficient space between the teeth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of interdental brushing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing alone or toothbrushing and flossing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases, dental plaque and dental caries. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 7 March 2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 2), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 7 March 2013), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 7 March 2013), CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 7 March 2013), LILACS via BIREME (1982 to 7 March 2013), ZETOC Conference Proceedings (1980 to 7 March 2013) and Web of Science Conference Proceedings (1990 to 7 March 2013). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (http://www.controlled-trials.com/mrct/) for ongoing trials to 7 March 2013. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (including split-mouth design, cross-over and cluster-randomised trials) of dentate adult patients. The interventions were a combination of toothbrushing and any interdental brushing procedure compared with toothbrushing only or toothbrushing and flossing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors assessed each of the included studies to confirm eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data using a piloted data extraction form. We calculated standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous outcomes where different scales were used to assess an outcome. We attempted to extract data on adverse effects of interventions. Where data were missing or unclear we attempted to contact study authors to obtain further information. MAIN RESULTS There were seven studies (total 354 participants analysed) included in this review. We assessed one study as being low, three studies as being high and three studies as being at unclear risk of bias. Studies only reported the clinical outcome gingivitis and plaque data, with no studies providing data on many of the outcomes: periodontitis, caries, halitosis and quality of life. Three studies reported that no adverse events were observed or reported during the study. Two other studies provided some data on adverse events but we were unable to pool the data due to lack of detail. Two studies did not report whether adverse events occurred.Interdental brushing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing aloneOnly one high risk of bias study (62 participants in analysis) looked at this comparison and there was very low-quality evidence for a reduction in gingivitis (0 to 4 scale, mean in control): mean difference (MD) 0.53 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.83) and plaque (0 to 5 scale): MD 0.95 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.34) at one month, favouring of use of interdental brushes. This represents a 34% reduction in gingivitis and a 32% reduction in plaque.Interdental brushing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing and flossingSeven studies provided data showing a reduction in gingivitis in favour of interdental brushing at one month: SMD -0.53 (95% CI -0.81 to -0.24, seven studies, 326 participants, low-quality evidence). This translates to a 52% reduction in gingivitis (Eastman Bleeding Index). Although a high effect size in the same direction was observed at three months (SMD -1.98, 95% CI -5.42 to 1.47, two studies, 107 participants, very low quality), the confidence interval was wide and did not exclude the possibility of no difference. There was insufficient evidence to claim a benefit for either interdental brushing or flossing for reducing plaque (SMD at one month 0.10, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.33, seven studies, 326 participants, low-quality evidence) and insufficient evidence at three months (SMD -2.14, 95% CI -5.25 to 0.97, two studies, 107 participants very low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Only one study looked at whether toothbrushing with interdental brushing was better than toothbrushing alone, and there was very low-quality evidence for a reduction in gingivitis and plaque at one month. There is also low-quality evidence from seven studies that interdental brushing reduces gingivitis when compared with flossing, but these results were only found at one month. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether interdental brushing reduced or increased levels of plaque when compared to flossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Poklepovic Pericic
- School of Medicine, University of SplitCochrane CroatiaSoltanska 2SplitSplitsko‐dalmatinska CountyCroatia21 000
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral HealthCoupland Building 3Oxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Trevor M Johnson
- RCS EnglandFaculty of General Dental Practice (UK)35‐43 Lincoln's Inn FieldsLondonUKWC2A 3PE
| | - Dario Sambunjak
- Catholic University of CroatiaCenter for Evidence‐Based Medicine and Health CareIlica 242ZagrebCroatia10000
| | - Pauline Imai
- MTI Community CollegeHealthcare FacultySuite 2004980 KingswayBurnabyBCCanadaV5H 4K7
| | - Janet E Clarkson
- Dundee Dental School, University of DundeeDivision of Oral Health SciencesPark PlaceDundeeScotlandUKDD1 4HR
| | - Peter Tugwell
- University of OttawaDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineOttawaONCanadaK1H 8M5
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Chokhachi Zadeh Moghadam N, Seraj B, Chiniforush N, Ghadimi S. Effects of Laser and Fluoride on the Prevention of Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 9:177-182. [PMID: 30809328 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Investigations have demonstrated that fluoride is an essential element in preventive dentistry. However, there are still controversies about the preventive effects of various kinds of laser. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of diode laser irradiation (810 nm) with or without fluoride therapy in the prevention of deciduous enamel demineralization. Methods: Sixty deciduous molar crowns were randomly assigned to 6 groups: C: received no treatment; F: fluoride varnish application; 2L: 2 times diode laser irradiation; 4L: 4 times diode laser irradiation; F2L: 2 times laser irradiation over fluoride varnish; F4L: 4 times laser irradiation over fluoride varnish. Teeth in all groups were subjected to a pH-cycling process to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of microhardness values indicated a significant great effect for laser, fluoride, and the interaction of laser- fluoride on reducing the final microhardness value (P<0.001). However, the 2L group was an exception. Despite the 4L group, it did not show a significant prevention of enamel microhardness loss (P=0.125). These 2 groups exhibited different effects in the absence of fluoride (P 2L-4L=0.05) while in the presence of the fluoride varnish, no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P F2L-F4L=0.257). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed between the laser-fluoride combination group and the fluoride group (P F2L-F=0.133, P F4L-F=0.926). Conclusion: Our results suggest that fluoride varnish, diode laser, and their combination decrease the loss of the enamel microhardness value and potentially prevent deciduous enamel demineralization. However, the combination of laser and fluoride was not more effective than fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahman Seraj
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadimi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bossù M, Saccucci M, Salucci A, Di Giorgio G, Bruni E, Uccelletti D, Sarto MS, Familiari G, Relucenti M, Polimeni A. Enamel remineralization and repair results of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite toothpaste on deciduous teeth: an effective option to fluoride toothpaste. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:17. [PMID: 30683113 PMCID: PMC6346538 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a recognized worldwide public health problem. Despite being one of the most effective strategies against dental caries, the excessive use of fluorine may result in a potential risk of developing dental fluorosis especially in children under age of six. The purpose of this work is to analyze a fluorine-free toothpaste containing Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite to assess enamel re-mineralizing and repairing properties. Results The study was performed in vitro and in vivo, comparing the hydroxyapatite toothpaste with two others toothpaste containing different fluorine concentrations. The coating effect of the micro-structured Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles reintegrates the enamel with a biomimetic film reproducing the structure and the morphology of the biologic Hydroxyapatite of the enamel. As demonstrated, the coating is due to the deposit of a new layer of apatite, which presents fewer particles than the natural enamel, not based on the chemical—physical changes occurring in fluorinated toothpastes. Moreover, it shows resistance to brushing as a consequence of chemical bonds between the synthetic and natural crystals of the enamel. Conclusions The use of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite toothpastes has proven to be a valuable prevention measure against dental caries in primary dentition since it prevents the risk of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bossù
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Saccucci
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Salucci
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Di Giorgio
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Bruni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sabrina Sarto
- Department of Aerospace, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Section of Human Anatomy Electron Microscopy Unit, Laboratory "Pietro M. Motta" Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Section of Human Anatomy Electron Microscopy Unit, Laboratory "Pietro M. Motta" Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161, Rome, Italy
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26
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Kono T, Watanabe A, Kanno T, Ootani Y, Tamamura R, Sakae T, Okada H. Carbonated Soft Drink-Soaking Change the Crystallographic Properties of Human Tooth Enamel -A Micro-XRD Study. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kono
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Arata Watanabe
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yukari Ootani
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ryo Tamamura
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Toshiro Sakae
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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27
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Scribante A, Vallittu PK, Özcan M, Lassila LVJ, Gandini P, Sfondrini MF. Travel beyond Clinical Uses of Fiber Reinforced Composites (FRCs) in Dentistry: A Review of Past Employments, Present Applications, and Future Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1498901. [PMID: 30426003 PMCID: PMC6217899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1498901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reinforcement of resins with short or long fibers has multiple applications in various engineering and biomedical fields. The use of fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) in dentistry has been described in the literature from more than 40 years. In vitro studies evaluated mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fatigue resistance, fracture strength, layer thickness, bacterial adhesion, bonding characteristics with long fibers, woven fibers, and FRC posts. Also, multiple clinical applications such as replacement of missing teeth by resin-bonded adhesive fixed dental prostheses of various kinds, reinforcement elements of dentures or pontics, and direct construction of posts and cores have been investigated. In orthodontics, FRCs have been used also for active and passive orthodontic applications, such as anchorage units, en-masse movement units, and postorthodontic tooth retention. FRCs have been extensively tested in the literature, but today the advances in new technologies involving the introduction of nanofillers or new fibers along with understanding the design principles of FRC devices open new fields of research for these materials both in vitro and in vivo. The present review describes past and present applications of FRCs and introduces some future perspectives on the use of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Dental Materials Unit, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lippo V. J. Lassila
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paola Gandini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Sfondrini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
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Alkattan R, Lippert F, Tang Q, Eckert GJ, Ando M. The influence of hardness and chemical composition on enamel demineralization and subsequent remineralization. J Dent 2018; 75:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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George R, Tan WJ, Shih Yi AL, Donald PM. The effects of temperature on extracted teeth of different age groups: A pilot study. J Forensic Dent Sci 2018; 9:165-174. [PMID: 29657495 PMCID: PMC5887641 DOI: 10.4103/jfo.jfds_25_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Type of dentition and age related changes may affect the behavior of dental hard tissues under thermal stress. Aim This study was conducted to analyze the effects of varying temperatures on extracted teeth of different age groups in a simulated laboratory set up. Settings and Design Experimental pilot study. Methods and Material Extracted teeth from three age groups (deciduous, young permanent and adult permanent) were collected and were exposed to three different temperatures (400°C, 700°C and 1000°C) in a laboratory set up. Post-test changes were analyzed visually and radiographically. Results (1) The colour changes of the teeth may serve as an indicator for the temperature to which they were exposed. (2) Deciduous teeth tolerated thermal stress with lesser morphological changes compared to young and adult permanent teeth. (3) Coronal dentin of elderly permanent teeth appeared to be more resistant to thermal stress compared to that of young permanent teeth. (4) The root portion of the teeth showed better tolerance to temperature while crown was fragmented easily under thermal stress. Conclusion The age factor and type of the dentition may influence the heat induced changes in teeth. These variables should be taken into consideration while applying comparative dental identification methods where dental hard tissues are exposed to extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith George
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Wesley Joel Tan
- Department of First Year Dental Officer, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Liong Shih Yi
- Department of First Year Dental Officer, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Preethy Mary Donald
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
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30
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Duverger O, Carlson JC, Karacz CM, Schwartz ME, Cross MA, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR, Morasso MI. Genetic variants in pachyonychia congenita-associated keratins increase susceptibility to tooth decay. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007168. [PMID: 29357356 PMCID: PMC5794186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a cutaneous disorder primarily characterized by nail dystrophy and painful palmoplantar keratoderma. PC is caused by mutations in KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, and KRT17, a set of keratin genes expressed in the nail bed, palmoplantar epidermis, oral mucosal epithelium, hair follicle and sweat gland. RNA-seq analysis revealed that all PC-associated keratins (except for Krt6c that does exist in the mouse genome) are expressed in the mouse enamel organ. We further demonstrated that these keratins are produced by ameloblasts and are incorporated into mature human enamel. Using genetic and intraoral examination data from 573 adults and 449 children, we identified several missense polymorphisms in KRT6A, KRT6B and KRT6C that lead to a higher risk for dental caries. Structural analysis of teeth from a PC patient carrying a p.Asn171Lys substitution in keratin-6a (K6a) revealed disruption of enamel rod sheaths resulting in altered rod shape and distribution. Finally, this PC-associated substitution as well as more frequent caries-associated SNPs, found in two of the KRT6 genes, that result in p.Ser143Asn substitution (rs28538343 in KRT6B and rs151117600 in KRT6C), alter the assembly of K6 filaments in ameloblast-like cells. These results identify a new set of keratins involved in tooth enamel formation, distinguish novel susceptibility loci for tooth decay and reveal additional clinical features of pachyonychia congenita. Tooth decay, more commonly known as dental cavities, is the most common chronic disease worldwide, both in children and in adults. It consists in the destruction of tooth enamel, the outer layer of the teeth, by acid-producing bacteria. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body, comprised of 96% minerals. However, it contains a small fraction of proteins that is important for its resistance to mechanical stress and decay. Here we show that this protein fraction contains a set of structural proteins (K6a, K6b, K6c, K16 and K17) that belong to the keratin family and are present specifically in the skin of the palms and soles, as well as in nails. We further show that common genetic mutations that affect the composition of these proteins lead to an increased number of cavities. Rare mutations in these keratins lead to a human disease called pachyonychia congenita (PC) and characterized by severe nail malformations and lesions in the skin of the palms and soles. Analysis of wisdom teeth from one of these patients showed that their enamel exhibited structural defects. These results demonstrate that these keratins are important components of tooth enamel and that common genetic variants in the genes that encode them influence tooth decay risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M. Karacz
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Holladay, UT, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Cross
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Lack of association between ENAM gene polymorphism and dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in Czech children. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1873-1877. [PMID: 29185146 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The enamelin gene (ENAM) polymorphism (rs12640848) was recently associated with dental caries in primary teeth in Polish children. The aims of the present study were to prove this association in primary dentition and to find a possible effect of this variant on caries development in permanent dentition in Czech children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 905 Czech children. Totally, 187 children aged 2-6 years with primary dentition [78 healthy subjects (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, dmft = 0) and 109 patients with early childhood caries (ECC; dmft ≥ 1)] were included in this case-control study. In addition, 177 subjects aged 13-15 years without caries (DMFT = 0) and 541 children with dental caries (DMFT ≥ 1) in permanent dentition were selected from the ELSPAC study. Genotype determination of the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) was based on the TaqMan method. RESULTS No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies between the caries-free children and those affected by dental caries were observed in both primary and permanent dentitions. CONCLUSIONS Lack of association between the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) and dental caries in Czech children was detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although ENAM is considered as a candidate gene for dental caries, the presence of the ENAM variant (rs12640848) cannot be used as a risk factor of this multifactorial disease in the Czech population.
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32
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Khajuria DK, Zahra SF, Razdan R. Effect of locally administered novel biodegradable chitosan based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intra-pocket dental film on alveolar bone density in rat model of periodontitis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:74-91. [PMID: 29088987 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intrapocket dental film (CRZHDF) for applications in the treatment of alveolar bone loss in an animal model of periodontitis. The physical characteristics (folding endurance, pH, mucoadhesive strength, risedronate content and release) of CRZHDF, exhibited results within the limit. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced or disappeared crystallinity of risedronate and zinc-hydroxyapatite in presence of chitosan. Further, FTIR studies revealed stability of CRZHDF and compatibility between risedronate, zinc-hydroxyapatite and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide injections around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (12 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CRZHDF-A, periodontitis plus CRZHDF-B, and periodontitis plus chitosan film. After four weeks, blood samples and mandibles were obtained for biochemical, radiographic and histological analysis. Bone specific alkaline phosphatise activity and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b was statistically lower in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). The expression of osteocalcin was statistically higher in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CRZHDF resulted in significant improvements in the mesial and distal periodontal bone support (MPBS and DPBS, respectively) proportions (%), bone mineral density, and also reversed alveolar bone resorption when compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.001). The study reported here reveals that novel CRZHDF treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributes to periodontal healing in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- a Department of Pharmacology , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , India.,b The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee , Bar-Ilan University , Safed , Israel
| | | | - Rema Razdan
- a Department of Pharmacology , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , India
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Khajuria DK, Patil ON, Karasik D, Razdan R. Development and evaluation of novel biodegradable chitosan based metformin intrapocket dental film for the management of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in a rat model. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:120-129. [PMID: 29055230 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-metformin based intrapocket dental film (CMIDF) for applications in the treatment of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in an rat model of periodontitis. DESIGN CMIDF inserts were fabricated by the solvent casting technique. The fabricated inserts were evaluated for physical characteristics such as folding endurance, surface pH, mucoadhesive strength, metformin content uniformity, and release. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates no crystallinity of metformin in presence of chitosan which confirmed successful entrapment of metformin into the CMIDF. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed stability of CMIDF and compatibility between metformin and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by a combination of Porphyromonas gingivalis- lipopolysaccharide injections in combinations with ligatures around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (8 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CMIDF-A (1.99±0.09mg metformin; total mass-4.01±0.05mg), periodontitis plus CMIDF-B (2.07±0.06mg metformin; total mass-7.56±0.09mg), and periodontitis plus chitosan film (7.61±0.08mg). After four weeks, mandibles were extracted to evaluate alveolar bone loss by micro-computerized tomography and histological techniques. RESULTS Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CMIDF resulted in significant improvements in the alveolar bone properties when compared to the untreated periodontitis group. The study reported here demonstrates that novel CMIDF showed good antibacterial activity and effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Novel CMIDF showed good antibacterial activity and improved alveolar bone properties in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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Hassanali L, Wong FS, Lynch RJM, Anderson P. A Novel Kinetic Method to Measure Apparent Solubility Product of Bulk Human Enamel. Front Physiol 2017; 8:714. [PMID: 28983253 PMCID: PMC5613155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tooth enamel mineral loss is influenced by its solubility product value, which is fundamental to the understanding of de- and remineralization resulting from a carious or erosive challenge. Published pKsp values for human enamel and hydroxyapatite range from 110 to 126 suggesting a heterogeneous nature of enamel solubility. However, this range of values may also result from the variety of methods used, e.g., some authors reporting values for suspensions of enamel powder and others for bulk enamel. The aim of this study was to develop a method to measure the solubility of bulk human enamel under controlled in vitro conditions simulating demineralization behavior of enamel within the oral environment using scanning microradiography (SMR). SMR was used to monitor real-time changes in enamel demineralization rates at increasing calcium concentrations in a caries simulating demineralization solution until the concentration at which thermodynamic equilibrium between enamel and solution was achieved. Method: 2 mm thick caries free erupted human enamel slabs with the natural buccal surfaces exposed were placed in SMR cells exposed to circulating caries-simulating 2.0 L 0.1 M pH = 4.0 acetic acid, at 25°C. SMR was used to continuously measure in real-time the decrease in mineral mass during the demineralization at 5 different points from on each slab. Demineralization rates were calculated from a linear regression curve of projected mineral mass against demineralization time. Changes in the demineralization rates were monitored following a series of successive increases in calcium (and phosphate at hydroxyapatite stoichiometric ratios of Ca:P 1.67) were added to the demineralizing solution, until demineralization ceased. The pH was maintained constant throughout. Results: Demineralization halted when the calcium concentration was ~30 mM. At higher calcium concentrations, mineral deposition (remineralization) occurred. By comparison with results from speciation software calculations for the calcium phosphate ternary system, this result suggests that the bulk solubility product of enamel (pKspBEnamel) under the conditions used is 121. Discussion: The apparent pKspBEnamel under these conditions was higher than many previous reported values, and much closer to those previously reported for HAp. However, this is a bulk value, and does not reflect that enamel is a heterogeneous material, nor the influence of ionic inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hassanali
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Ferranti S Wong
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J M Lynch
- Innovation Research and Development, Oral Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKlineWeybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Anderson
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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Savi FM, Brierly GI, Baldwin J, Theodoropoulos C, Woodruff MA. Comparison of Different Decalcification Methods Using Rat Mandibles as a Model. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:705-722. [PMID: 28958188 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417733708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of decalcification agents is an essential consideration when processing mineralized tissues because the integrity and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tissues may be affected. Here, we report results obtained from the decalcification of rat mandibles using 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at room temperature (RT), 10% EDTA at 37C, 5% nitric acid, and 10% formic acid at RT. Decalcification endpoints were determined by microcomputed tomography. Morphological preservation and antigenicity were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Decalcification of the anterior and posterior portions of the mandible took 220 and 191 hr in 10% EDTA RT, 102 and 73 hr in 10% EDTA 37C, 13.5 and 4.3 hr in 5% nitric acid, and 140 and 36 hr in 10% formic acid, respectively. Decalcification in 10% EDTA at 37C was accelerated, but 10% EDTA at RT provided optimal results for immunohistochemistry and cellular and structural details. Decalcification using 5% nitric acid was accomplished in the shortest time and exhibited good cellular and architectural morphology, whereas 10% formic acid was suboptimal with respect to tissue and cellular morphology. Despite being the slowest method, EDTA at RT is still the recommended method for decalcifying mineralized tissues; however, if rapid decalcification is needed, 5% nitric acid is the best option, yielding acceptable tissue integrity and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary I Brierly
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Baldwin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christina Theodoropoulos
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhao D, Tsoi JKH, Wong HM, Chu CH, Matinlinna JP. Paediatric Over-the-Counter (OTC) Oral Liquids Can Soften and Erode Enamel. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:E17. [PMID: 29563423 PMCID: PMC5806977 DOI: 10.3390/dj5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the softening and erosive effects of various paediatric over-the-counter (OTC) oral liquids on deciduous teeth. Twenty sectioned and polished deciduous enamel blocks were ground on the buccal surface (2 × 2 mm²) and randomly divided into five groups, immersed into four commercially-available paediatric OTC oral liquids (two for paracetamol, both sugared; and two for chlorpheniramine, one sugared and one sugar-free), with deionized water as control. The pH of the oral liquids ranged from 2.50 to 5.77. Each block was immersed into the test or control groups for 15 s, rinsed with deionized water, and Vickers micro-hardness (n = 5) was measured. After twenty cycles of immersion and hardness measurements, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) were used to evaluate the surface morphology and chemistry of the tooth blocks, respectively. The pH values of the liquids were also recorded. Rapidly descending trends in the micro-hardness ratios of the four test groups were observed that were statistically different from the control group (p < 0.001). EDS showed an increase of Ca/C ratio after drug immersion, whereas SEM showed an enamel loss in all the test groups. Paediatric OTC oral liquids could significantly soften the enamel and render them more susceptible to caries, such that the formulation of the oral liquids is the major factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - James Kit-Hon Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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McLaren L, Patterson S, Thawer S, Faris P, McNeil D, Potestio M, Shwart L. Exploring the short-term impact of community water fluoridation cessation on children's dental caries: a natural experiment in Alberta, Canada. Public Health 2017; 146:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rai N, Sandhu M, Sachdev V, Sharma R. Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Beverages modified with Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Primary and Permanent Enamel: A Laser Profiler Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 11:7-12. [PMID: 29805227 PMCID: PMC5968155 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the erosive potential of carbonated beverages and the remineralization potential of beverages with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste on primary and permanent enamel. Materials and methods A total of 32 primary and 32 permanent enamel specimens were immersed for 5, 10, and 30 minutes, respectively, in beverages, i.e., Coke, Sprite, Mirinda, and Mountain Dew, with and without added 0.2% CPP-ACP. Samples were profiled before immersion and after immersion under laser profiler. Results Coke was found to be highly erosive at it caused significant enamel erosion at both 10 and 30 minutes of immersion (p < 0.05) for both primary and permanent enamel. The 30-minute immersion caused significant amount of reminerali-zation over primary enamel in all groups, whereas permanent enamel remineralization was significant in Sprite and Mountain Dew at 30 minutes in all the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that enamel erosion occurred after immersion in carbonated beverages. Remineralization of enamel was observed after immersion in beverages modified with CPP-ACP paste. Primary enamel was susceptible to remineralization compared with permanent enamel. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the application of CPP-ACP paste may enhance the remineralization after an erosive challenge and thus offer some protection for patients who are at risk for erosion. How to cite this article: Rai N, Sandhu M, Sachdev V, Sharma R. Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Beverages modified with Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Primary and Permanent Enamel: A Laser Profiler Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(1):7-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Rai
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, I.T.S Dental College Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meera Sandhu
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences & Research Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Sachdev
- Professor and Head, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, I.T.S Dental College Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rina Sharma
- Associate Professor, Department of Nanoscale Measurement, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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Velo MMDAC, Tabchoury CPM, Romão DA, Cury JA. Evaluation of low fluoride toothpaste using primary enamel and a validated pH-cycling model. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:439-447. [PMID: 26538378 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate pH-cycling model for primary enamel, which was then used to evaluate the anti-caries potential of fluoride toothpastes. DESIGN Human primary enamel slabs were subjected to pH-cycling model for 10 days and maintained for 6 h in demineralizing solution and 18 h in remineralizing solution daily. Twice/day, the slabs were treated. To validate it, the treatments were water or solutions containing 62.5, 125, 250, and 375 μg F/mL. Commercial toothpastes containing no fluoride, 500, 1100, and 1450 μg F/g were evaluated. Demineralization was assessed by percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) and cross-sectional hardness (ΔS). Fluoride dose-response effect was analysed by quadratic regression and the effects of toothpastes by Tukey's test. RESULTS Dose-response effect was found between fluoride concentration and %SHL (R2 = 0.7047; P < 0.01) or ΔS (R2 = 0.4465; P < 0.01). %SHL and ΔS (mean ± SD) for the group treated with 500 μg F/g toothpaste was 36.6 ± 8.0 and 6298.5 ± 1221.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than those treated with 1100 (25.2 ± 8.7; 4565.7 ± 1122) and 1450 μg F/g (24.2 ± 5.2; 2339.1 ± 879.7) toothpastes. CONCLUSION The developed pH-cycling model may be used to evaluate and compare the anti-caries potential of toothpaste formulations with low fluoride concentration because it presents dose-response effects on the reduction of primary enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dayse Andrade Romão
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Aparecido Cury
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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McLaren L, Patterson S, Thawer S, Faris P, McNeil D, Potestio M, Shwart L. Measuring the short-term impact of fluoridation cessation on dental caries in Grade 2 children using tooth surface indices. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 44:274-82. [PMID: 26888380 PMCID: PMC5021129 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the short-term impact of fluoridation cessation on children's caries experience measured by tooth surfaces. If there is an adverse short-term effect of cessation, it should be apparent when we focus on smooth tooth surfaces, where fluoride is most likely to have an impact for the age group and time frame considered in this study. METHODS We examined data from population-based samples of school children (Grade 2) in two similar cities in the province of Alberta, Canada: Calgary, where cessation occurred in May 2011 and Edmonton where fluoridation remains in place. We analysed change over time (2004/2005 to 2013/2014) in summary data for primary (defs) and permanent (DMFS) teeth for Calgary and Edmonton, for all tooth surfaces and smooth surfaces only. We also considered, for 2013/2014 only, the exposed subsample defined as lifelong residents who reported usually drinking tap water. RESULTS We observed, across the full sample, an increase in primary tooth decay (mean defs - all surfaces and smooth surfaces) in both cities, but the magnitude of the increase was greater in Calgary (F-cessation) than in Edmonton (F-continued). For permanent tooth decay, when focusing on smooth surfaces among those affected (those with DMFS>0), we observed a non-significant trend towards an increase in Calgary (F-cessation) that was not apparent in Edmonton (F-continued). CONCLUSIONS Trends observed for primary teeth were consistent with an adverse effect of fluoridation cessation on children's tooth decay, 2.5-3 years post-cessation. Trends for permanent teeth hinted at early indication of an adverse effect. It is important that future data collection efforts in the two cities be undertaken, to permit continued monitoring of these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay McLaren
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public HealthUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Steven Patterson
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Salima Thawer
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Peter Faris
- Research FacilitationResearch Priorities and ImplementationAlberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Deborah McNeil
- Research and Innovation, Surveillance and InfrastructurePopulation Public and Aboriginal HealthAlberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Melissa Potestio
- Alberta Cancer Prevention Legacy FundPopulation Public and Aboriginal HealthAlberta Health Services and Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Luke Shwart
- Formerly: Provincial Oral Health OfficeAlberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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Tam W, Lee RC, Lin B, Simon JC, Fried D. Assessment of simulated lesions on primary teeth with near-infrared imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9692:96920V. [PMID: 26997743 PMCID: PMC4793935 DOI: 10.1117/12.2218660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the structural changes on enamel due to demineralization and remineralization can be exploited through optical imaging methods such as QLF, thermal and NIR imaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether PS-OCT and NIR reflectance imaging can be utilized to assess lesion structure in artificial enamel lesions on the smooth surfaces of primary teeth exposed to fluoride. The smooth coronal surfaces of primary teeth (n=25) were divided into 4 windows: sound, demineralization, demineralization with remineralization and APF with demineralization. Windows were treated with either acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) for 1 minute, a demineralization solution for 4 days, and/or an acidic remineralization solution for 12 days. The samples were imaged using PS-OCT, QLF and NIR reflectance at 1400-1700 nm wavelengths. This study demonstrated that both PS-OCT and NIR reflectance imaging were suitable for assessing lesion structure in the smooth surfaces of primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Tam
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Robert C Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Brent Lin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Jacob C Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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Pasdar N, Alaghehmand H, Mottaghi F, Tavassoli M. Experimental study of iron and multivitamin drops on enamel microhardness of primary tooth. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 5:518-24. [PMID: 26759808 PMCID: PMC4697239 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.170524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iron and multivitamin drops are being frequently prescribed in children less than 2 years of age. Due to their low pH levels, these drops may lead to the softening of enamel and accelerate the destructive process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the enamel microhardness of primary teeth after exposing them to iron and multivitamin drops. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty healthy anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 10 samples each. Samples were exposed to two iron drops of Kharazmi (Iran) and Ironorm (UK) and two multivitamin drops of Shahdarou (Iran) and Eurovit (Germany) for 5 min. The surface microhardness was measured before and after exposure and data processing was done using statistical paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The surface structure of the teeth was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS In all groups, microhardness was decreased, but it was not significant in Eurovit multivitamin group (P = 0.088). The reduction rate in Kharazmi iron group was significant compared to that in other groups (P < 0.005). Hardness reduction percent for Kharazmi iron drop was 28/12 ± 47/43. In SEM analysis, irregular granular appearance was observed in the enamel exposed to Kharazmi iron drop. CONCLUSION The results showed that all the studied drugs have the potential to cause erosion; this potential is the most in Kharazmi iron drop and the least in Eurovit multivitamin drops. Therefore, after using these kinds of drops, preventive measures should be used in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgoon Pasdar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fattane Mottaghi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Tavassoli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Matsumoto S, Nakano T, Toyama T, Ohno N, Kato K, Ou Y, Okamoto T, Tokunaga Y, Fukuta O. Element distribution and histological observation of enamel in deciduous canines of children with Down syndrome. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nelson-Filho P, Rossi CRB, Gomes-Silva JM, Faraoni-Romano JJ, Lucisano MP, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Palma-Dibb RG. Enamel permeability and resistance to acid challenges after systemic use of sodium alendronate: a study in rat teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1647-54. [PMID: 26556579 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the enamel resistance and permeability of rat teeth to acid challenges after systemic use of sodium alendronate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen Wistar rats (36 teeth), aged 36-42 days (200-230 g), were assigned into two groups: alendronate group (n = 20 teeth), which received two weekly doses of 1 mg/kg of alendronate, via gavage; and a non-alendronate group (n = 16 teeth), which received only distilled water. After 60 days, the animals were killed, the maxillary incisors were extracted and used for the artificial induction of the caries lesion (pH cycling regimen) and erosion area (immersion cycles in cola-type soft drink) and for the enamel permeability test (dye penetration). The teeth were divided into alendronate group (n = 10) or non-alendronate group (n = 8) for each test. The quantitative response variables were the percent longitudinal change in Knoop microhardness (%LMC), the enamel carious/erosion lesion area (CELA) and enamel permeability. RESULTS Groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with regard to the %LMC and enamel permeability (25.58 μm ± 12.73 and 25.40 μm ± 4.6 for the experimental and control groups, respectively). For CELA, it was not observed significant difference (p > 0.05) between the non-alendronate group (24.08 ± 1.36 and 25.22 ± 1.60, for caries and erosion, respectively) and the alendronate group (25.46 ± 1.60 and 25.0 ± 1.26) for caries and erosion, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Based on the methodological conditions and the presented results of this study, sodium alendronate did not affect the longitudinal microhardness, demineralisation lesion area or permeability of the enamel after acid challenge; therefore, alendronate did not become the enamel of rats more resistant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The systemic alendronate treatment for 60 days did not change the enamel of rats regarding the susceptibility to acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristhiane Ristum Bagatin Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Miranda Gomes-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Chien YC, Burwell AK, Saeki K, Fernandez-Martinez A, Pugach MK, Nonomura G, Habelitz S, Ho SP, Rapozo-Hilo M, Featherstone JD, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW. Distinct decalcification process of dentin by different cariogenic organic acids: Kinetics, ultrastructure and mechanical properties. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:93-105. [PMID: 26745819 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied artificial dentin lesions in human teeth generated by lactate and acetate buffers (pH 5.0), the two most abundant acids in caries. The objective of this study was to determine differences in mechanical properties, mineral density profiles and ultrastructural variations of two different artificial lesions with the same approximate depth. METHODS 0.05M (pH 5.0) acetate or lactate buffer was used to create 1) 180μm-deep lesions in non-carious human dentin blocks (acetate 130h; lactate 14days); (2) demineralized, ∼180μm-thick non-carious dentin discs (3 weeks). We performed nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties across the hydrated lesions, and micro X-ray computed tomography (MicroXCT) to determine mineral profiles. Ultrastructure in lesions was analyzed by TEM/selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Demineralized dentin discs were analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). RESULTS Diffusion-dominated demineralization was shown based on the linearity between lesion depths versus the square root of exposure time in either solution, with faster kinetics in acetate buffer. Nanoindentation revealed lactate induced a significantly sharper transition in reduced elastic modulus across the lesions. MicroXCT showed lactate demineralized lesions had swelling and more disorganized matrix structure, whereas acetate lesions had abrupt X-ray absorption near the margin. At the ultrastructural level, TEM showed lactate was more effective in removing minerals from the collagenous matrix, which was confirmed by SAXS analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated the different acids yielded lesions with different characteristics that could influence lesion formation resulting in their distinct predominance in different caries activities, and these differences may impact strategies for dentin caries remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chien
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - A K Burwell
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - K Saeki
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - A Fernandez-Martinez
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, US; ISTerre, CNRS & University of Grenoble, B.P. 53X, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38041, France
| | - M K Pugach
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - G Nonomura
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S Habelitz
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S P Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - M Rapozo-Hilo
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - J D Featherstone
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S J Marshall
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - G W Marshall
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US.
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46
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Halter TJ, Borah BM, Xie B, Nancollas GH. Controlled bioactivation of titanium disc: A constant composition kinetic approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Narrenthran JS, Muthu MS, Renugalakshmi A. In vivo scanning electron microscope assessment of enamel permeability in primary teeth with and without early childhood caries. Caries Res 2015; 49:209-15. [PMID: 25677114 DOI: 10.1159/000367602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, certain primary teeth have been shown to be highly sensitive to dental caries, while others have remained caries-free. It has been hypothesized that this may be attributed to differences in the permeability of the enamel surface. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the hypothesized differences in the permeability of primary tooth enamel in children with and those without Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) using scanning electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen children between 3 and 6 years of age were randomly selected and divided into two groups: Group 1, children without S-ECC (n = 8), and Group 2, children with S-ECC (n = 8). In each child, 4 teeth (the maxillary right and left central and lateral incisors) were subjected to evaluation. An impression was made with polyvinylsiloxane impression material, and scanning electron microscopy was used to inspect the negative replicas for droplets. RESULTS The results indicated higher significance when individual regions (cervical, middle, and incisal thirds) in the two groups were evaluated and compared. Similarly, the overall results showed high statistical significance between S-ECC and non-S-ECC teeth. CONCLUSION There could be a positive relationship between the permeability of tooth enamel and the development of caries, which needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Narrenthran
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
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Xie B, Halter T, Borah BM, Nancollas GH. Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2015; 15:204-211. [PMID: 25598742 PMCID: PMC4291782 DOI: 10.1021/cg501209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of human kidney stones are comprised of multiple calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals encasing a calcium phosphate nucleus. The physiochemical mechanism of nephrolithiasis has not been well determined on the molecular level; this is crucial to the control and prevention of renal stone formation. This work investigates the role of phosphate ions on the formation of calcium oxalate stones; recent work has identified amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a rapidly forming initial precursor to the formation of calcium phosphate minerals in vivo. The effect of phosphate on the nucleation of COM has been investigated using the constant composition (CC) method in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings indicate COM nucleation is strongly promoted by the presence of phosphate; this occurs at relatively low phosphate concentrations, undersaturated with respect to brushite (dicalcium phosphate dehydrate, DCPD) formation. The results show that ACP plays a crucial role in the nucleation of calcium oxalate stones by promoting the aggregation of amorphous calcium oxalate (ACO) precursors at early induction times. The coaggregations of ACP and ACO precursors induce the multiple-point nucleation of COM. These novel findings expand our knowledge of urinary stone development, providing potential targets for treating the condition at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ballav M. Borah
- Department of Chemistry, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United
States
| | - George H. Nancollas
- Department of Chemistry, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United
States
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Gentile E, Di Stasio D, Santoro R, Contaldo M, Salerno C, Serpico R, Lucchese A. In vivo microstructural analysis of enamel in permanent and deciduous teeth. Ultrastruct Pathol 2014; 39:131-4. [PMID: 25268300 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2014.960544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Confocal microscope was used to analyze human enamel from 10 deciduous and 10 permanent teeth. Optically sectioned images were obtained. A more intense autofluorescence was found in primary teeth. This finding might be due to the greater presence of organic substances in deciduous enamel. The mean prism diameter measurement in permanent teeth enamel was 3.150 µm and 2.602 µm in deciduous teeth. The mean prism diameter in deciduous teeth was statistically least. The results indicate that a confocal microscope may be of help in analyzing and defining the microscopic features of human enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Gentile
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
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Xie B, Halter T, Borah BM, Nancollas GH. Tracking Amorphous Precursor Formation and Transformation during Induction Stages of Nucleation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2014; 14:1659-1665. [PMID: 24803848 PMCID: PMC3983163 DOI: 10.1021/cg401777x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) participates in vertebral bone and tooth formation by a nonclassical hitherto unknown nucleation mechanism, in which amorphous precursors form and transform during long induction periods. Elucidation of the mechanism by which amorphous precursors assemble and transform is essential to understanding how hard tissues form in vivo and will advance the design and fabrication of new biomaterials. The combination of conductance and potentiometric techniques to monitor Ca-P mineral formation has given new insight into the mechanism of nucleation. Differences detected in the dehydration rates of calcium and phosphate ions indicate the formation of nonequilibrium calcium-deficient clusters. The aggregation of these clusters forms a calcium-deficient amorphous phase I [Ca-(HPO4)1+x ·nH2O]2x-) early in the induction period, which slowly transforms to amorphous phase II [Ca-(HPO4)·mH2O] by dehydration. Precritical nuclei form within amorphous phase II later in the induction period, leading to mineral formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George H. Nancollas
- Address: 756 Natural Science Complex,
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo,
NY 14260, United States. E-mail: . Tel: (716) 645- 4285. Fax: (716) 645-6947
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