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Prins CA, de Oliveira FL, de Mello Coelho V, Dos Santos Ribeiro EB, de Almeida JS, Silva NMB, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB. Galectin-3 absence alters lymphocytes populations dynamics behavior and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114785. [PMID: 38670250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results from various mechanisms that damage the nervous tissue and the blood-brain barrier, leading to sensory and motor function loss below the injury site. Unfortunately, current therapeutic approaches for SCI have limited efficacy in improving patients outcomes. Galectin-3, a protein whose expression increases after SCI, influences the neuroinflammatory response by favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and microglia, while inhibiting pro-regenerative M2 macrophages and microglia, which are crucial for inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration. Previous studies with Galectin-3 knock-out mice demonstrated enhanced motor recovery after SCI. The M1/M2 balance is strongly influenced by the predominant lymphocytic profiles (Th1, Th2, T Reg, Th17) and cytokines and chemokines released at the lesion site. The present study aimed to investigate how the absence of galectin-3 impacts the adaptive immune system cell population dynamics in various lymphoid spaces following a low thoracic spinal cord compression injury (T9-T10) using a 30 g vascular clip for one minute. It also aimed to assess its influence on the functional outcome in wild-type (WT)and Galectin-3 knock-out (GALNEG) mice. Histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol Fast Blue staining revealed that WT and GALNEG animals exhibit similar spinal cord morphology. The absence of galectin-3 does not affect the common neuroanatomy shared between the groups prompting us to analyze outcomes between both groups. Following our crush model, both groups lost motor and sensory functions below the lesion level. During a 42-day period, GALNEG mice demonstrated superior locomotor recovery in the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) gait analysis and enhanced motor coordination performance in the ladder rung walk test (LRW) compared to WT mice. GALNEG mice also exhibited better sensory recovery, and their electrophysiological parameters suggested a higher number of functional axons with faster nerve conduction. Seven days after injury, flow cytometry of thymus, spleen, and blood revealed an increased number of T Reg and Th2 cells, accompanied by a decrease in Th1 and Th17 cells in GALNEG mice. Immunohistochemistry conducted on the same day exhibited an increased number of Th2 and T Reg cells around the GALNEG's spinal cord lesion site. At 42-day dpi immunohistochemistry analyses displayed reduced astrogliosis and greater axon preservation in GALNEG's spinal cord seem as a reduction of GFAP immunostaining and an increase in NFH immunostaining, respectively. In conclusion, GALNEG mice exhibited better functional recovery attributed to the milder pro-inflammatory influence, compensated by a higher quantity of T Reg and Th2 cells. These findings suggest that galectin-3 plays a crucial role in the immune response after spinal cord injury and could be a potential target for clinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Andrade Prins
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Leite de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria de Mello Coelho
- Laboratório de lmunofisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Bezerra Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moraes Bechelli Silva
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Peng S, Lin A, Jiang A, Zhang C, Zhang J, Cheng Q, Luo P, Bai Y. CTLs heterogeneity and plasticity: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:58. [PMID: 38515134 PMCID: PMC10956324 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play critical antitumor roles, encompassing diverse subsets including CD4+, NK, and γδ T cells beyond conventional CD8+ CTLs. However, definitive CTLs biomarkers remain elusive, as cytotoxicity-molecule expression does not necessarily confer cytotoxic capacity. CTLs differentiation involves transcriptional regulation by factors such as T-bet and Blimp-1, although epigenetic regulation of CTLs is less clear. CTLs promote tumor killing through cytotoxic granules and death receptor pathways, but may also stimulate tumorigenesis in some contexts. Given that CTLs cytotoxicity varies across tumors, enhancing this function is critical. This review summarizes current knowledge on CTLs subsets, biomarkers, differentiation mechanisms, cancer-related functions, and strategies for improving cytotoxicity. Key outstanding questions include refining the CTLs definition, characterizing subtype diversity, elucidating differentiation and senescence pathways, delineating CTL-microbe relationships, and enabling multi-omics profiling. A more comprehensive understanding of CTLs biology will facilitate optimization of their immunotherapy applications. Overall, this review synthesizes the heterogeneity, regulation, functional roles, and enhancement strategies of CTLs in antitumor immunity, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of subtype diversity, definitive biomarkers, epigenetic control, microbial interactions, and multi-omics characterization. Addressing these questions will refine our understanding of CTLs immunology to better leverage cytotoxic functions against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Liebmann K, Castillo MA, Jergova S, Best TM, Sagen J, Kouroupis D. Modification of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles by Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) Antagonist: Potential Implications for Inflammation and Pain Reversal. Cells 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38534328 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), the synovium and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) can serve as source for Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two important pain-transmitting, immune, and inflammation modulating neuropeptides. Our previous studies showed that infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) acquire a potent immunomodulatory phenotype and actively degrade Substance P via CD10 both in vitro and in vivo. On this basis, our hypothesis is that CD10-bound IFP-MSC sEVs can be engineered to target CGRP while retaining their anti-inflammatory phenotype. Herein, human IFP-MSC cultures were transduced with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying a GFP-labelled gene for a CGRP antagonist peptide (aCGRP). The GFP positive aCGRP IFP-MSC were isolated and their sEVs' miRNA and protein cargos were assessed using multiplex methods. Our results showed that purified aCGRP IFP-MSC cultures yielded sEVs with cargo of 147 distinct MSC-related miRNAs. Reactome analysis of miRNAs detected in these sEVs revealed strong involvement in the regulation of target genes involved in pathways that control pain, inflammation and cartilage homeostasis. Protein array of the sEVs cargo demonstrated high presence of key immunomodulatory and reparative proteins. Stimulated macrophages exposed to aCGRP IFP-MSC sEVs demonstrated a switch towards an alternate M2 status. Also, stimulated cortical neurons exposed to aCGRP IFP-MSC sEVs modulate their molecular pain signaling profile. Collectively, our data suggest that yielded sEVs can putatively target CGRP in vivo, while containing potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic cargo, suggesting the promise for novel sEVs-based therapeutic approaches to diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Liebmann
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mario A Castillo
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stanislava Jergova
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sagen
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Marrero - Berrios I, Salter SE, Hirday R, Rabolli CP, Tan A, Hung CT, Schloss RS, Yarmush ML. In vitro inflammatory multi-cellular model of osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2024; 6:100432. [PMID: 38288345 PMCID: PMC10823137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease, with limited treatment options, characterized by inflammation and matrix degradation, and resulting in severe pain or disability. Progressive inflammatory interaction among key cell types, including chondrocytes and macrophages, leads to a cascade of intra- and inter-cellular events which culminate in OA induction. In order to investigate these interactions, we developed a multi-cellular in vitro OA model, to characterize OA progression, and identify and evaluate potential OA therapeutics in response to mediators representing graded levels of inflammatory severity. Methods We compared macrophages, chondrocytes and their co-culture responses to "low" Interleukin-1 (IL-1) or "high" IL-1/tumor necrosis factor (IL-1/TNF) levels of inflammation. We also investigated response changes following the administration of dexamethasone (DEX) or mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment via a combination of gene expression and secretory changes, reflecting not only inflammation, but also chondrocyte function. Results Inflamed chondrocytes presented an osteoarthritic-like phenotype characterized by high gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, up-regulation of ECM degrading proteases, and down-regulation of chondrogenic genes. Our results indicate that while MSC treatment attenuates macrophage inflammation directly, it does not reduce chondrocyte inflammatory responses, unless macrophages are present as well. DEX however, can directly attenuate chondrocyte inflammation. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of considering multi-cellular interactions when studying complex systems such as the articular joint. In addition, our approach, using a panel of both inflammatory and chondrocyte functional genes, provides a more comprehensive approach to investigate disease biomarkers, and responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Elina Salter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Rishabh Hirday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Charles P. Rabolli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rene S. Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Milby-Blackledge A, Farnell Y, Zhao D, Berghman L, Laino C, Muller M, Byrd JA, Farnell M. Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1359722. [PMID: 38465263 PMCID: PMC10920336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1359722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The avian immune system responds to Salmonella infection by expressing cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesized that the immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) challenged neonatal broilers would differ from the uninfected treatment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate 12 cytokines. Day of hatch male chicks were randomly allocated into a control or ST challenged group. At day three of age, sterile diluent or 5.0 × 108 CFU of ST was given orally to each chick. Blood was obtained 24 h post challenge and serum separated for later analysis (n = 30 chicks/treatment). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-16, and IL-21; anti-inflammatory cytokines- IL-10; chemokines-regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and MIP-3α; colony stimulating factors-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and growth factors-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in the serum of the challenged chicks when compared to the control. No significant differences were observed in IL-2, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and IFNα. These data indicate the detection of mucosal immune responses in broiler chickens following ST infection. The heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and colony stimulating factors align with known inflammatory mechanisms, like the influx of immune cells. However, the elevation of IL-10 was unexpected, due to its immunoregulatory properties. Notably, the rise in VEGF levels is compelling, as it suggests the possibility of tissue repair and angiogenesis in ST infected birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuhua Farnell
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Luc Berghman
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Craig Laino
- Millipore Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - J. Allen Byrd
- United States Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Morgan Farnell
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
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Colombo G, Pessolano E, Talmon M, Genazzani AA, Kunderfranco P. Getting everyone to agree on gene signatures for murine macrophage polarization in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297872. [PMID: 38330065 PMCID: PMC10852255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, key players in the innate immune system, showcase remarkable adaptability. Derived from monocytes, these phagocytic cells excel in engulfing and digesting pathogens and foreign substances as well as contributing to antigen presentation, initiating and regulating adaptive immunity. Macrophages are highly plastic, and the microenvironment can shaper their phenotype leading to numerous distinct polarized subsets, exemplified by the two ends of the spectrum: M1 (classical activation, inflammatory) and M2 (alternative activation, anti-inflammatory). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has revolutionized molecular biology, offering a comprehensive view of transcriptomes. Unlike microarrays, RNA-Seq detects known and novel transcripts, alternative splicing, and rare transcripts, providing a deeper understanding of genome complexity. Despite the decreasing costs of RNA-Seq, data consolidation remains limited, hindering noise reduction and the identification of authentic signatures. Macrophages polarization is routinely ascertained by qPCR to evaluate those genes known to be characteristic of M1 or M2 skewing. Yet, the choice of these genes is literature- and experience-based, lacking therefore a systematic approach. This manuscript builds on the significant increase in deposited RNA-Seq datasets to determine an unbiased and robust murine M1 and M2 polarization profile. We now provide a consolidated list of global M1 differentially expressed genes (i.e. robustly modulated by IFN-γ, LPS, and LPS+ IFN-γ) as well as consolidated lists of genes modulated by each stimulus (IFN-γ, LPS, LPS+ IFN-γ, and IL-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Kasica N, Kaleczyc J. Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) exerts multidirectional pro-healing properties towards damaged zebrafish hair cells by regulating the innate immune response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116809. [PMID: 38211931 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a prominent prenylated flavonoid present in the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.). Despite undoubted pro-healing properties of hop plant, there is still a need for clinical investigations confirming these effects as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. The present study was designed to (1) establish the role of XN in non-invasive inflammation induced by chemical damage to zebrafish hair cells, (2) clarify if it influences cell injury severity, neutrophil migration, macrophage activation, cell regeneration, and (3) find out whether it modulates the gene expression profile of chosen immune and stress response markers. All experiments were performed on 3 dpf zebrafish larvae. After fertilization the embryos were transferred to appropriate XN solutions (0.1 μM, 0.3 μM and 0.5 μM). The 40 min 10 μM CuSO4 exposure evoked severe damage to posterior lateral line hair cells triggering a robust acute inflammatory response. Four readouts were selected as the indicators of XN role in the process of inflammation: 1) hair cell death, 2) neutrophil migration towards damaged hair cells, 3) macrophage activation and recruitment to damaged hair cells, 4) hair cell regeneration. The assessments involved in vivo confocal microscopy imaging and qPCR based molecular analysis. It was demonstrated that XN (1) influences death pathway of damaged hair cells by redirecting their severe necrotic phenotype into apoptotic one, (2) impacts the immune response via regulating neutrophil migration, macrophage recruitment and activation (3) modulates gene expression of immune system markers and (4) accelerates hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kasica
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kaleczyc
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Selig M, Poehlman L, Lang NC, Völker M, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Prediction of six macrophage phenotypes and their IL-10 content based on single-cell morphology using artificial intelligence. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1336393. [PMID: 38239351 PMCID: PMC10794337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The last decade has led to rapid developments and increased usage of computational tools at the single-cell level. However, our knowledge remains limited in how extracellular cues alter quantitative macrophage morphology and how such morphological changes can be used to predict macrophage phenotype as well as cytokine content at the single-cell level. Methods Using an artificial intelligence (AI) based approach, this study determined whether (i) accurate macrophage classification and (ii) prediction of intracellular IL-10 at the single-cell level was possible, using only morphological features as predictors for AI. Using a quantitative panel of shape descriptors, our study assessed image-based original and synthetic single-cell data in two different datasets in which CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages generated from human peripheral blood monocytes were initially primed with GM-CSF or M-CSF followed by polarization with specific stimuli in the presence/absence of continuous GM-CSF or M-CSF. Specifically, M0, M1 (GM-CSF-M1, TNFα/IFNγ-M1, GM-CSF/TNFα/IFNγ-M1) and M2 (M-CSF-M2, IL-4-M2a, M-CSF/IL-4-M2a, IL-10-M2c, M-CSF/IL-10-M2c) macrophages were examined. Results Phenotypes were confirmed by ELISA and immunostaining of CD markers. Variations of polarization techniques significantly changed multiple macrophage morphological features, demonstrating that macrophage morphology is a highly sensitive, dynamic marker of phenotype. Using original and synthetic single-cell data, cell morphology alone yielded an accuracy of 93% for the classification of 6 different human macrophage phenotypes (with continuous GM-CSF or M-CSF). A similarly high phenotype classification accuracy of 95% was reached with data generated with different stimuli (discontinuous GM-CSF or M-CSF) and measured at a different time point. These comparably high accuracies clearly validated the here chosen AI-based approach. Quantitative morphology also allowed prediction of intracellular IL-10 with 95% accuracy using only original data. Discussion Thus, image-based machine learning using morphology-based features not only (i) classified M0, M1 and M2 macrophages but also (ii) classified M2a and M2c subtypes and (iii) predicted intracellular IL-10 at the single-cell level among six phenotypes. This simple approach can be used as a general strategy not only for macrophage phenotyping but also for prediction of IL-10 content of any IL-10 producing cell, which can help improve our understanding of cytokine biology at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Logan Poehlman
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nils C Lang
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marita Völker
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Sudo M, Fujimoto K. Diffusive mediator feedbacks control the health-to-disease transition of skin inflammation. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011693. [PMID: 38236792 PMCID: PMC10796066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of inflammation provide vital insights into the understanding of skin inflammation. Skin inflammation primarily depends on the regulatory feedback between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Healthy skin exhibits fading erythema. In contrast, diseased skin exhibits expanding erythema with diverse patterns, which are clinically classified into five types: circular, annular, arcuate, gyrate, and polycyclic. Inflammatory diseases with expanding erythema are speculated to result from the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanism by which feedback selectively drives the transition from a healthy fading erythema to each of the five types of diseased expanding erythema remains unclear. This study theoretically elucidates the imbalanced production between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and prospective treatment strategies for each expanding pattern. Our literature survey showed that eleven diseases exhibit some of the five expanding erythema, thereby suggesting a common spatiotemporal regulation underlying different patterns and diseases. Accordingly, a reaction-diffusion model incorporating mediator feedback reproduced the five observed types of diseased expanding and healthy fading patterns. Importantly, the fading pattern transitioned to the arcuate, gyrate, and polycyclic patterns when the productions of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory mediators were lower and higher, respectively than in the healthy condition. Further depletion of anti-inflammatory mediators caused a circular pattern, whereas further overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators caused an annular pattern. Mechanistically, the bistability due to stabilization of the diseased state exhibits circular and annular patterns, whereas the excitability exhibits the gyrate, polycyclic, arcuate, and fading patterns as the threshold of pro-inflammatory mediator concentration relative to the healthy state increases. These dynamic regulations of diffusive mediator feedback provide effective treatment strategies for mediator production wherein skins recover from each expanding pattern toward a fading pattern. Thus, these strategies can estimate disease severity and risk based on erythema patterns, paving the way for developing noninvasive and personalized treatments for inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Sudo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Japan
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Japan
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Doron G, Wood LB, Guldberg RE, Temenoff JS. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Hydrogel Microcarriers Alter Secretory Activity of Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6282-6292. [PMID: 37906515 PMCID: PMC10646834 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to scale up culture therapeutic cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), culture in suspension bioreactors using microcarriers (μCs) is preferred. However, the impact of microcarrier type on the resulting MSC secretory activity has not been investigated. In this study, two poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel formulations with different swelling ratios (named "stiffer" and "softer") were fabricated as μC substrates to culture MSCs and MSCs genetically modified to express the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra-MSCs). Changes in cell number, secretory and angiogenic activity, and changes in MAPK signaling were evaluated when cultured on hydrogel μCs, as well as on tissue culture plastic-based Synthemax μCs. We demonstrated that culture on stiffer μCs increased secretion of IL-1Ra compared to culture on Synthemax μCs by IL-1Ra-MSCs by 1.2- to 1.6-fold, as well as their in vitro angiogenic activity, compared to culture on Synthemax μCs, while culture on both stiffer and softer μCs altered the secretion of several other factors compared to culture on Synthemax μCs. Changes in angiogenic activity corresponded with increased gene expression and secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by MSCs cultured on softer μCs by 2.5- to 6-fold compared to MSCs cultured on Synthemax μCs. Quantification of phosphoprotein signaling with the MAPK pathway revealed broad reduction of pathway activation by IL-1Ra-MSCs cultured on both stiffer and softer μCs compared to Synthemax, where phosphorylated c-Jun, ATF2, and MEK1 were reduced specifically on softer μCs. Overall, this study showed that μC surfaces can influence the secretory activity of genetically modified MSCs and identified associated changes in MAPK pathway signaling, which is a known central regulator of cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Levi B. Wood
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Knight
Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Sawoo R, Dey R, Ghosh R, Bishayi B. Exogenous IL-10 posttreatment along with TLR4 and TNFR1 blockade improves tissue antioxidant status by modulating sepsis-induced macrophage polarization. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1549-1572. [PMID: 37177863 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-organ dysfunction is one of the major reasons behind the high mortality of sepsis throughout the world. With the pathophysiology of sepsis remaining largely unknown, the uncontrolled reactive oxygen species (ROS) production along with the decreased antioxidants contributes to the progression toward septic shock. Being the effector cells of the innate immunity system, macrophages secrete both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators during inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) releases TNF-α, which initiates pro-inflammatory events through tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling. However, it is counteracted by the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) causing decreased oxidative stress. Our study thus aimed to assess the effects of exogenous IL-10 treatment post-neutralization of TLR4 and TNFR1 (by anti-TLR4 antibody and anti-TNFR1 antibody, respectively) in an in vivo murine model of LPS-sepsis. We have also examined the tissue-specific antioxidant status in the spleen, liver, and lungs along with the serum cytokine levels in adult male Swiss albino mice to determine the functional association with the disease. The results showed that administration of recombinant IL-10 post-neutralization of the receptors was beneficial in shifting the macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. IL-10 treatment significantly downregulated the free radicals production resulting in diminished lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels. The increased antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GRX ) conferred protection against LPS-induced sepsis. Western blot data further confirmed diminished expressions of TLR4 and TNFR1 along with suppressed stress-activated protein kinases/Jun amino-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) and increased SOD and CAT expressions, which altogether indicated that neutralization of TLR4 and TNFR1 along with IL-10 posttreatment might be a potential therapeutic measure for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritasha Sawoo
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
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12
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Pedicillo MC, De Stefano IS, Zamparese R, Barile R, Meccariello M, Agostinone A, Villani G, Colangelo T, Serviddio G, Cassano T, Ronchi A, Franco R, Pannone P, Zito Marino F, Miele F, Municinò M, Pannone G. The Role of Toll-like Receptor-4 in Macrophage Imbalance in Lethal COVID-19 Lung Disease, and Its Correlation with Galectin-3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13259. [PMID: 37686069 PMCID: PMC10487501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To the current data, there have been 6,955,141 COVID-19-related deaths worldwide, reported to WHO. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) implicated in bacterial and virus sensing could be a crosstalk between activation of persistent innate-immune inflammation, and macrophage's sub-population alterations, implicated in cytokine storm, macrophage over-activation syndrome, unresolved Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), and death. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association between Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR-4)-induced inflammation and macrophage imbalance in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of lethal COVID-19 disease. Twenty-five cases of autopsy lung tissues were studied by digital pathology-based immunohistochemistry to evaluate expression levels of TLR-4 (CD 284), pan-macrophage marker CD68 (clone KP1), sub-population marker related to alveolar macrophage Galectin-3 (GAL-3) (clone 9C4), and myeloid derived CD163 (clone MRQ-26), respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence has been evaluated by in situ hybridation (ISH) method. This study showed TLR-4 up-regulation in a subgroup of patients, increased macrophage infiltration in both Spike-1(+) and Spike-1(-) lungs (p < 0.0001), and a macrophage shift with important down-regulation of GAL-3(+) alveolar macrophages associated with Spike-1 persistence (p < 0.05), in favor of CD163(+) myeloid derived monocyte-macrophages. Data show that TLR-4 expression induces a persistent activation of the inflammation, with inefficient resolution, and pathological macrophage shift, thus explaining one of the mechanisms of lethal COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Pedicillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ilenia Sara De Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Rosanna Zamparese
- Legal Medicine Unit, Ascoli Piceno Hospital C-G. Mazzoni, Viale Degli Iris 13, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Barile
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Mario Meccariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessio Agostinone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuliana Villani
- Policlinico Riuniti, University-Hospital, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
- Cancer Cell Signalling Unit, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), IRCCS Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini sc.c., San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (R.F.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (R.F.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Paola Pannone
- Federico II, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, via Sergio Pasini, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (R.F.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Francesco Miele
- Department of Surgery, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Municinò
- Forensic Medicine Unit, “S. Giuliano” Hospital, via Giambattista Basile, 80014 Giugliano in Campania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
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13
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Venkatesh H, Tracy SI, Farrar MA. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the mucosa and in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233261. [PMID: 37654482 PMCID: PMC10466411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells were initially described as helper cells that promote either the cellular immune response (Th1 cells) or the humoral immune response (Th2 cells). Since then, a plethora of functionally distinct helper and regulatory CD4 T cell subsets have been described. CD4 T cells with cytotoxic function were first described in the setting of viral infections and autoimmunity, and more recently in cancer and gut dysbiosis. Regulatory CD4 T cell subsets such as Tregs and T-regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells have also been shown to have cytotoxic potential. Indeed, Tr1 cells have been shown to be important for maintenance of stem cell niches in the bone marrow and the gut. This review will provide an overview of cytotoxic CD4 T cell development, and discuss the role of inflammatory and Tr1-like cytotoxic CD4 T cells in maintenance of intestinal stem cells and in anti-cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishi Venkatesh
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sean I. Tracy
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael A. Farrar
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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14
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Koncz G, Jenei V, Tóth M, Váradi E, Kardos B, Bácsi A, Mázló A. Damage-mediated macrophage polarization in sterile inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169560. [PMID: 37465676 PMCID: PMC10351389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the leading causes of death, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, and many more, are associated with sterile inflammation, either as a cause or a consequence of these conditions. The ability to control the progression of inflammation toward tissue resolution before it becomes chronic holds significant clinical potential. During sterile inflammation, the initiation of inflammation occurs through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the absence of pathogen-associated molecules. Macrophages, which are primarily localized in the tissue, play a pivotal role in sensing DAMPs. Furthermore, macrophages can also detect and respond to resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMPs) and specific pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) during sterile inflammation. Macrophages, being highly adaptable cells, are particularly influenced by changes in the microenvironment. In response to the tissue environment, monocytes, pro-inflammatory macrophages, and pro-resolution macrophages can modulate their differentiation state. Ultimately, DAMP and RAMP-primed macrophages, depending on the predominant subpopulation, regulate the balance between inflammatory and resolving processes. While sterile injury and pathogen-induced reactions may have distinct effects on macrophages, most studies have focused on macrophage responses induced by pathogens. In this review, which emphasizes available human data, we illustrate how macrophages sense these mediators by examining the expression of receptors for DAMPs, RAMPs, and SPMs. We also delve into the signaling pathways induced by DAMPs, RAMPs, and SPMs, which primarily contribute to the regulation of macrophage differentiation from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-resolution phenotype. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms behind the transition between macrophage subtypes can offer insights into manipulating the transition from inflammation to resolution in sterile inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Jenei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márta Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Váradi
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eotvos Lorand Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kardos
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett Mázló
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Bouzazi D, Mami W, Mosbah A, Marrakchi N, Ben Ahmed M, Messadi E. Natriuretic-like Peptide Lebetin 2 Mediates M2 Macrophage Polarization in LPS-Activated RAW264.7 Cells in an IL-10-Dependent Manner. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040298. [PMID: 37104236 PMCID: PMC10142756 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake natriuretic peptide (NP) Lebetin 2 (L2) has been shown to improve cardiac function and reduce fibrosis as well as inflammation by promoting M2-type macrophages in a reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) model. However, the inflammatory mechanism of L2 remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of L2 on macrophage polarization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells in vitro and explored the associated underlying mechanisms. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were assessed using an ELISA assay, and M2 macrophage polarization was determined by flow cytometry. L2 was used at non-cytotoxic concentrations determined by a preliminary MTT cell viability assay, and compared to B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). In LPS-activated cells, both peptides reduced TNF-α and IL-6 release compared to controls. However, only L2 increased IL-10 release in a sustained manner and promoted downstream M2 macrophage polarization. Pretreatment of LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with the selective NP receptor (NPR) antagonist isatin abolished both IL-10 and M2-like macrophage potentiation provided by L2. In addition, cell pretreatment with the IL-10 inhibitor suppressed L2-induced M2 macrophage polarization. We conclude that L2 exerts an anti-inflammatory response to LPS by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines via stimulating of NP receptors and promoting M2 macrophage polarization through activation of IL-10 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Bouzazi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Wael Mami
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization (LR11ES31), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratoire de Transmission, Department of Clinical Immunology, Contrôle et Immunobiologie des Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Erij Messadi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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16
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Apolinário PP, Zanchetta FC, Breder JSC, Adams G, Consonni SR, Gillis R, Saad MJA, Lima MHM. Anti-inflammatory, procollagen, and wound repair properties of topical insulin gel. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12640. [PMID: 37194835 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired wound healing. The topical use of insulin is a promising therapy because it may favor all phases of the wound healing process. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic outcomes of insulin gel in wounds of hyperglycemic mice. After diabetes induction, a 1-cm2 full-thickness wound was created on each animal's dorsum. The lesions were treated daily for 14 days with insulin gel (insulin group) or vehicle gel without insulin (vehicle group). Tissue samples were extracted on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the creation of the lesion. The samples were analyzed with hematoxylin/eosin and Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, Bio-Plex immunoassays, and western blotting. Insulin gel favored re-epithelialization at day 10 and increased the organization and deposition of collagen. Additionally, it modulated the expression of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10) and increased the expression of arginase I, VEGF receptor 1, and VEGF on day 10. Activation of the insulin signaling pathway occurred via IRβ, IRS1, and IKK on day 10 and activation of Akt and IRS1 on day 14. These results suggested that insulin gel improved wound healing in hyperglycemic mice by modulating the expression of inflammatory factors, growth factors, and proteins of the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Apolinário
- Colégio Técnico de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - F C Zanchetta
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - J S C Breder
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - G Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S R Consonni
- Insituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - R Gillis
- Department of Service Sector Management, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - M J A Saad
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - M H M Lima
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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17
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Garabuczi É, Tarban N, Fige É, Patsalos A, Halász L, Szendi-Szatmári T, Sarang Z, Király R, Szondy Z. Nur77 and PPARγ regulate transcription and polarization in distinct subsets of M2-like reparative macrophages during regenerative inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139204. [PMID: 36936920 PMCID: PMC10020500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a process whereby macrophages develop a specific phenotype and functional response to different pathophysiological stimuli and tissue environments. In general, two main macrophage phenotypes have been identified: inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages characterized specifically by IL-1β and IL-10 production, respectively. In the cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle injury model bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) play the central role in regulating tissue repair. Bone marrow-derived monocytes arriving at the site of injury differentiate first to M1 BMDMs that clear cell debris and trigger proliferation and differentiation of the muscle stem cells, while during the process of efferocytosis they change their phenotype to M2 to drive resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. The M2 population is formed from at least three distinct subsets: antigen presenting, resolution-related and growth factor producing macrophages, the latest ones expressing the transcription factor PPARγ. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1; also termed Nur77) transcription factor is expressed as an early response gene, and has been shown to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory genes during efferocytosis. Here we demonstrate that (1) Nur77 null BMDMs are characterized by elevated expression of PPARγ resulting in enhanced efferocytosis capacity; (2) Nur77 and PPARγ regulate transcription in different subsets of M2 skeletal muscle macrophages during muscle repair; (3) the loss of Nur77 prolongs M1 polarization characterized by increased and prolonged production of IL-1β by the resolution-related macrophages normally expressing Nur77; whereas, in contrast, (4) it promotes M2 polarization detected via the increased number of IL-10 producing CD206+ macrophages generated from the PPARγ-expressing subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Integrative Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nastaran Tarban
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Fige
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andreas Patsalos
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - László Halász
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Tímea Szendi-Szatmári
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zsuzsa Szondy,
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18
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Tiemeijer BM, Heester S, Sturtewagen AYW, Smits AIPM, Tel J. Single-cell analysis reveals TLR-induced macrophage heterogeneity and quorum sensing dictate population wide anti-inflammatory feedback in response to LPS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135223. [PMID: 36911668 PMCID: PMC9998924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of macrophages in controlling tissue inflammation is indispensable to ensure a context-appropriate response to pathogens whilst preventing excessive tissue damage. Their initial response is largely characterized by high production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) which primes and attracts other immune cells, thereafter, followed by production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) which inhibits cell activation and steers towards resolving of inflammation. This delicate balance is understood at a population level but how it is initiated at a single-cell level remains elusive. Here, we utilize our previously developed droplet approach to probe single-cell macrophage activation in response to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation, and how single-cell heterogeneity and cellular communication affect macrophage-mediated inflammatory homeostasis. We show that only a fraction of macrophages can produce IL-10 in addition to TNFα upon LPS-induced activation, and that these cells are not phenotypically different from IL-10 non-producers nor exhibit a distinct transcriptional pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that the dynamics of TNFα and IL-10 are heavily controlled by macrophage density as evidenced by 3D hydrogel cultures suggesting a potential role for quorum sensing. These exploratory results emphasize the relevance of understanding the complex communication between macrophages and other immune cells and how these amount to population-wide responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M Tiemeijer
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heester
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ashley Y W Sturtewagen
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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19
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Zou Y, Yu X, Zhou C, Zhu C, Yuan Y. Adverse effects of low serum lipoprotein cholesterol on the immune microenvironment in gastric cancer: a case‒control study. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:150. [PMID: 36585674 PMCID: PMC9805280 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol is crucial for tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remodeling. Serum lipoprotein cholesterol is closely associated with gastric cancer (GC) progression, but whether it affects TIME remodeling is unknown. METHODS GC patients with differential serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were collected. After balancing the baseline, immunohistochemical staining was performed on serial whole-tissue sections to detect B-cell and T-cell subsets, macrophages, and PD-L1. Features of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and the extra-TLS zone, including TLS distribution and maturation, immune cell density, and PD-L1 expression, were measured by annotating TLSs or regions of interest (ROIs) in the extra-TLS zone. RESULTS A total of 9,192 TLSs and over 300 ROIs from 61 patients were measured. Compared to HDL-normal patients, HDL-low patients had a decreased secondary-TLS fraction or density but an elevated NK-cell density in the extra-TLS zone. Compared to LDL-normal patients, LDL-low patients had a higher ratio of PD-1 + T follicular helper cells to CD20 + B cells in TLSs, a higher ratio of PD-1 + T cells to CD8 + T cells and increased PD-1 + T-cell density in the extra-TLS zone. Different correlations were found in groups with differential HDL or LDL levels. Cell dynamics in the immune response were weaker in patients with low lipoprotein cholesterol. TLS parameters reached their peak earlier than those of the extra-TLS zone along with tumor progression. CONCLUSION Low serum lipoprotein cholesterol caused adverse effects on antitumor immunity in GC. Lipid management or immunometabolic drugs deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- grid.412465.0Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- grid.412465.0Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Chenqi Zhou
- grid.412465.0Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Chunpeng Zhu
- grid.412465.0Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ying Yuan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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20
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Modulation of the Microglial Nogo-A/NgR Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233768. [PMID: 36497029 PMCID: PMC9737582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutics targeting chronic phases of multiple sclerosis (MS) are considerably limited in reversing the neural damage resulting from repeated inflammation and demyelination insults in the multi-focal lesions. This inflammation is propagated by the activation of microglia, the endogenous immune cell aiding in the central nervous system homeostasis. Activated microglia may transition into polarized phenotypes; namely, the classically activated proinflammatory phenotype (previously categorized as M1) and the alternatively activated anti-inflammatory phenotype (previously, M2). These transitional microglial phenotypes are dynamic states, existing as a continuum. Shifting microglial polarization to an anti-inflammatory status may be a potential therapeutic strategy that can be harnessed to limit neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration in MS. Our research has observed that the obstruction of signaling by inhibitory myelin proteins such as myelin-associated inhibitory factor, Nogo-A, with its receptor (NgR), can regulate microglial cell function and activity in pre-clinical animal studies. Our review explores the microglial role and polarization in MS pathology. Additionally, the potential therapeutics of targeting Nogo-A/NgR cellular mechanisms on microglia migration, polarization and phagocytosis for neurorepair in MS and other demyelination diseases will be discussed.
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21
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Gonzalez C, Cimini M, Cheng Z, Benedict C, Wang C, Trungcao M, Mallaredy V, Rajan S, Garikipati VNS, Kishore R. Role of circular RNA cdr1as in modulation of macrophage phenotype. Life Sci 2022; 309:121003. [PMID: 36181865 PMCID: PMC9888537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Macrophages are crucial for the initiation and resolution of an inflammatory response. Non-coding circular RNAs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissue, highly conserved among species, and recently implicated in the regulation of macrophage activation. We sought to determine whether circRNAs modulate monocyte/macrophage biology and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed circRNA microarray analyses to assess transcriptome changes using RNA isolated from bone marrow derived macrophages polarized to a pro-inflammatory phenotype (INFγ + TNFα) or an anti-inflammatory phenotype (IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β). Among differentially expressed circRNAs, circ-Cdr1as was chosen for further investigation. Additionally, we performed loss or gain of function studies to investigate if circ-Cdr1as is involved in phenotypic switching. For gain of function, we overexpressed circ-Cdr1as using pc3.1 plasmid with laccase2 flanking regions to promote circularization. For loss of function, we used a lentiviral short hairpin RNA targeting the circ-Cdr1as splicing junction. KEY FINDINGS Among circRNAs that are highly conserved and differentially expressed in pro- and anti-inflammatory lineages, circ-Cdr1as was one of the most downregulated in pro-inflammatory macrophages and significantly upregulated in anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. Overexpression of circ-Cdr1as increased transcription of anti-inflammatory markers and percentage of CD206+ cells in naïve and pro-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. Meanwhile, knockdown decreased transcription of anti-inflammatory markers and increased the percentage of CD86+ cells in naïve and anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that circ-Cdr1as plays a key role in regulating anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages and may potentially be developed as an anti-inflammatory regulator in tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America. (C. Gonzalez), (R. Kishore)
| | - Maria Cimini
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Cindy Benedict
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - May Trungcao
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Vandana Mallaredy
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center of Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America. (C. Gonzalez), (R. Kishore)
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22
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Mu R, Campos de Souza S, Liao Z, Dong L, Wang C. Reprograming the immune niche for skin tissue regeneration - From cellular mechanisms to biomaterials applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114298. [PMID: 35439569 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic approaches for skin repair, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers remain an unaddressed problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial and diverse roles of the immune cells in the development and repair of the skin tissue, prompting new research to focus on further understanding and modulating the local immune niche for comprehensive, 'perfect' regeneration. In this review, we first introduce how different immunocytes and certain stromal cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity coordinate to maintain the immune niche and tissue homeostasis, with emphasis on their specific roles in normal and pathological wound healing. We then discuss novel engineering approaches - particularly biomaterials systems and cellular therapies - to target different players of the immune niche, with three major aims to i) overcome 'under-healing', ii) avoid 'over-healing', and iii) promote functional restoration, including appendage development. Finally, we highlight how these strategies strive to manage chronic wounds and achieve full structural and functional skin recovery by creating desirable 'soil' through modulating the immune microenvironment.
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23
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Alteration in Inflammasome Cytokine Profile and Functional Plasticity of Macrophage Phenotype in Arsenic(0) Nanoparticle Treated Murine Fibrosarcoma. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Kazana W, Jakubczyk D, Pacyga-Prus K, Leszczyńska K, Górska S, Siednienko J, Macała J, Piechowiak G, Zabłocka A. A Novel Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by the Natural Yolkin Polypeptide Complex from Egg Yolk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063125. [PMID: 35328547 PMCID: PMC8949158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by the inevitable changes in the function of the immune system. It provides increased susceptibility to chronic infections that have a negative impact on the quality of life of older people. Therefore, rejuvenating the aged immunity has become an important research and therapeutic goal. Yolkin, a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolks, possesses immunoregulatory and neuroprotective activity. Considering that macrophages play a key role in pathogen recognition and antigen presentation, we evaluated the impact of yolkin on the phenotype and function of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages of the BMDM cell line. We determined yolkin bioavailability and the surface co-expression of CD80/CD86 using flow cytometry and IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and iNOS mRNA expression via real-time PCR. Additionally, the impact of yolkin on the regulation of cytokine expression by MAPK and PI3K/Akt kinases was determined. The stimulation of cells with yolkin induced significant changes in cell morphology and an increase in CD80/CD86 expression. Using pharmaceutical inhibitors of ERK, JNK and PI3K/Akt, we have shown that yolkin is able to activate these kinases to control cytokine mRNA expression. Our results suggest that yolkin is a good regulator of macrophage activity, priming mainly the M1 phenotype. Therefore, it is believed that yolkin possesses significant therapeutic potential and represents a promising possibility for the development of novel immunomodulatory medicine.
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25
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Widodo SS, Dinevska M, Furst LM, Stylli SS, Mantamadiotis T. IL-10 in glioma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1466-1476. [PMID: 34349251 PMCID: PMC8609023 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumour, is very poor, despite current standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment hinders the development of effective immunotherapies for GBM. Cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) play a major role in modulating the activity of infiltrating immune cells and tumour cells in GBM, predominantly conferring an immunosuppressive action; however, in some circumstances, IL-10 can have an immunostimulatory effect. Elucidating the function of IL-10 in GBM is necessary to better strategise and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles of IL-10 in the GBM tumour microenvironment while considering IL-10-targeted treatment strategies. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the expression of IL-10 in various cell types are also outlined, and how this resulting information might provide an avenue for the improvement of immunotherapy in GBM is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Widodo
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marija Dinevska
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Liam M. Furst
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418025.a0000 0004 0606 5526Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC Australia
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26
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Reece MD, Taylor RR, Song C, Gavegnano C. Targeting Macrophage Dysregulation for Viral Infections: Novel Targets for Immunomodulators. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768695. [PMID: 34790202 PMCID: PMC8591232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) cure is the latent viral reservoir, which persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), including across the non-dividing myeloid reservoir which is found systemically in sanctuary sites across tissues and the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike activated CD4+ T cells that undergo rapid cell death during initial infection (due to rapid viral replication kinetics), viral replication kinetics are delayed in non-dividing myeloid cells, resulting in long-lived survival of infected macrophages and macrophage-like cells. Simultaneously, persistent inflammation in macrophages confers immune dysregulation that is a key driver of co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neurological deficits in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Macrophage activation and dysregulation is also a key driver of disease progression across other viral infections including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and chikungunya viruses, underscoring the interplay between macrophages and disease progression, pathogenesis, and comorbidity in the viral infection setting. This review discusses the role of macrophages in persistence and pathogenesis of HIV-1 and related comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. A special focus is given to novel immunomodulatory targets for key events driving myeloid cell dysregulation and reservoir maintenance across a diverse array of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D Reece
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ruby R Taylor
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Colin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christina Gavegnano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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27
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Cascio S, Chandler C, Zhang L, Sinno S, Gao B, Onkar S, Bruno TC, Vignali DAA, Mahdi H, Osmanbeyoglu HU, Vlad AM, Coffman LG, Buckanovich RJ. Cancer-associated MSC drive tumor immune exclusion and resistance to immunotherapy, which can be overcome by Hedgehog inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5790. [PMID: 34767446 PMCID: PMC8589308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) on ovarian tumor immunity. In patient samples, CA-MSC presence inversely correlates with the presence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. Using an immune “hot” mouse ovarian cancer model, we found that CA-MSCs drive CD8+ T cell tumor immune exclusion and reduce response to anti–PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) via secretion of numerous chemokines (Ccl2, Cx3cl1, and Tgf-β1), which recruit immune-suppressive CD14+Ly6C+Cx3cr1+ monocytic cells and polarize macrophages to an immune suppressive Ccr2hiF4/80+Cx3cr1+CD206+ phenotype. Both monocytes and macrophages express high levels of transforming growth factor β–induced (Tgfbi) protein, which suppresses NK cell activity. Hedgehog inhibitor (HHi) therapy reversed CA-MSC effects, reducing myeloid cell presence and expression of Tgfbi, increasing intratumoral NK cell numbers, and restoring response to ICI therapy. Thus, CA-MSCs regulate antitumor immunity, and CA-MSC hedgehog signaling is an important target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cascio
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chelsea Chandler
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Linan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Sarah Sinno
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bingsi Gao
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sayali Onkar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Tullia C. Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Dario A. A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Haider Mahdi
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hatice U. Osmanbeyoglu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anda M. Vlad
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lan G. Coffman
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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28
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Qiu Y, Chen T, Hu R, Zhu R, Li C, Ruan Y, Xie X, Li Y. Next frontier in tumor immunotherapy: macrophage-mediated immune evasion. Biomark Res 2021; 9:72. [PMID: 34625124 PMCID: PMC8501632 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), at the core of immunosuppressive cells and cytokines networks, play a crucial role in tumor immune evasion. Increasing evidences suggest that potential mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor immune escape imply interpretation and breakthrough to bottleneck of current tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand the interactions between macrophages and other immune cells and factors for enhancing existing anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we focus on the specific signaling pathways through which TAMs involve in tumor antigen recognition disorders, recruitment and function of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, crosstalk with immune checkpoints and formation of immune privileged sites. Furthermore, we summarize correlative pre-clinical and clinical studies to provide new ideas for immunotherapy. From our perspective, macrophage-targeted therapy is expected to be the next frontier of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chujun Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yingchen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 GuangzhongDadaoBei, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 GongyeDadaoZhong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, P. R. China.
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29
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Goudreau AD, Everest C, Nagpal TS, Puranda JL, Bhattacharjee J, Vasanthan T, Adamo KB. Elucidating the interaction between maternal physical activity and circulating myokines throughout gestation: A scoping review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13488. [PMID: 34331363 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy provides both maternal and fetal health benefits. It has been theorized that myokines, peptides secreted by contracting skeletal muscle, may play an important mechanistic role in facilitating the health benefits obtained from prenatal exercise. The objective of this review was to synthesize the current literature on the relationship between maternal PA and myokine response. A search strategy was developed using the terms pregnancy, PA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α. A systematic search was completed in July 2020, in Medline, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and in November 2020 for unpublished dissertations (grey literature; Proquest). Both human- and animal-based studies of any design were included, while commentaries and editorial articles were excluded. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and summarized narratively. Data were thematically summarized based on the myokine and whether findings were from human or animal studies. Ten studies were included in this review. Findings from studies that examined IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α suggest a trimester-specific interaction between PA and myokine levels; no studies evaluated IL-13. Future research should investigate the PA-myokine relationship throughout all stages of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Everest
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica L Puranda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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30
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Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have undergone a resurgence in the past decade. A better understanding of the breadth of tumour-associated antigens, the native immune response and development of novel technologies for antigen delivery has facilitated improved vaccine design. The goal of therapeutic cancer vaccines is to induce tumour regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting antitumour memory and avoid non-specific or adverse reactions. However, tumour-induced immunosuppression and immunoresistance pose significant challenges to achieving this goal. In this Review, we deliberate on how to improve and expand the antigen repertoire for vaccines, consider developments in vaccine platforms and explore antigen-agnostic in situ vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize the reasons for failure of cancer vaccines in the past and provide an overview of various mechanisms of resistance posed by the tumour. Finally, we propose strategies for combining suitable vaccine platforms with novel immunomodulatory approaches and standard-of-care treatments for overcoming tumour resistance and enhancing clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Saxena
- Vaccine and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Vaccine and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Transcriptomic Profiles of CD47 in Breast Tumors Predict Outcome and Are Associated with Immune Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083836. [PMID: 33917174 PMCID: PMC8067872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the innate immune system has attracted attention with the development of anti- CD47 antibodies. Anti-CD47 antibodies block the inhibition of the phagocytic activity of macrophages caused by the up-regulation of CD47 on tumor cells. In this study, public genomic data was used to identify genes highly expressed in breast tumors with elevated CD47 expression and analyzed the association between the presence of tumor immune infiltrates and the expression of the selected genes. We found that 142 genes positively correlated with CD47, of which 83 predicted favorable and 32 detrimental relapse-free survival (RFS). From those associated with favorable RFS, we selected the genes with immunologic biological functions and defined a CD47-immune signature composed of PTPRC, HLA-E, TGFBR2, PTGER4, ETS1, and OPTN. In the basal-like and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes, the expression of the CD47-immune signature predicted favorable outcome, correlated with the presence of tumor immune infiltrates, and with gene expression signatures of T cell activation. Moreover, CD47 up-regulated genes associated with favorable survival correlated with pro-tumoral macrophages. In summary, we described a CD47-immune gene signature composed of 6 genes associated with favorable prognosis, T cell activation, and pro-tumoral macrophages in breast cancer tumors expressing high levels of CD47.
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Kimm MA, Klenk C, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Kästle S, Stechele M, Ricke J, Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Implications for Molecular Oncology and Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040374. [PMID: 33918295 PMCID: PMC8066018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest group of leukocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors and orchestrate the composition of anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic factors. This makes TAMs an excellent target for novel cancer therapies. The plasticity of TAMs resulting in varying membrane receptors and expression of intracellular proteins allow the specific characterization of different subsets of TAMs. Those markers similarly allow tracking of TAMs by different means of molecular imaging. This review aims to provides an overview of the origin of tumor-associated macrophages, their polarization in different subtypes, and how characteristic markers of the subtypes can be used as targets for molecular imaging and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Sophia Kästle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-89-4400-76640
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Cavalcante RS, Ishikawa U, Silva ES, Silva-Júnior AA, Araújo AA, Cruz LJ, Chan AB, de Araújo Júnior RF. STAT3/NF-κB signalling disruption in M2 tumour-associated macrophages is a major target of PLGA nanocarriers/PD-L1 antibody immunomodulatory therapy in breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2284-2304. [PMID: 33434950 PMCID: PMC8251773 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Inflammation associated with the tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical for cancer development, and immunotherapeutic strategies modulating the immune response in cancer have been crucial. In this study, a methotrexate‐loaded (MTX) poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐based (PLGA) drug nanocarrier covered with polyethyleneimine (Pei) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed and combined with an PD‐L1 antibody to investigate anti‐cancer and immunomodulatory effects in breast cancer TME. Experimental Approach Naked or HA‐coated PeiPLGA‐MTX nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed on 4T1 breast cancer cells grown in culture and in a mouse model of orthotopic tumour growth. Tumours were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cell death profile and cell migration were analysed in vitro in 4T1 cells. Polarization of murine macrophages (RAW cells) was also carried out. Key Results Naked or HA‐coated PeiPLGA‐MTX NPs used alone or combined with PD‐L1 antibody modified the tumourigenic course by TME immunomodulation, leading to reduction of primary tumour size and metastases. STAT3 and NF‐κB were the major genes downregulated by NPs. In tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) such regulation switched M2 phenotype (CD163) towards M1 (CD68) and reduced levels of IL‐10, TGF‐β and CCL22. Moreover, malignant cells showed overexpression of FADD, APAF‐1, caspase‐3 and E‐cadherin, and decreased expression of Bcl‐2, MDR‐1, survivin, vimentin, CXCR4 and PD‐L1 after treatment with NPs. Conclusion and Implications NPs‐mediated STAT3/NF‐κB signalling axis suppression disrupted crosstalk between immune and malignant cells, reducing immunosuppression and critical pro‐tumour events. These findings provide a promising therapeutic approach capable of guiding the immune TME to suppress the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo S Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Uta Ishikawa
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Emanuell S Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A Silva-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aurigena A Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan B Chan
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Biotechnology Company, Percuros B. V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raimundo F de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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Latest advances to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:498-514. [PMID: 33634433 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present the capacity to secrete multiple immunomodulatory factors in response to their microenvironment. This property grants them a golden status among the novel alternatives to treat multiple diseases in which there is an unneeded or exaggerated immune response. However, important challenges still make difficult the clinical implementation of MSC-based therapies, being one of the most remarkable the lack of efficacy due to their transient immunomodulatory effects. To overcome this issue and boost the regulatory potential of MSCs, multiple strategies are currently being explored. Some of them consist of ex vivo pre-conditioning MSCs prior to their administration, including exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines or to low oxygen concentrations. However, currently, alternative strategies that do not require such ex vivo manipulation are gaining special attention. Among them, the recreation of a three dimensional (3D) environment is remarkable. This approach has been reported to not only boost the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs but also increase their in vivo persistence and viability. The present work revises the therapeutic potential of MSCs, highlighting their immunomodulatory activity as a potential treatment for diseases caused by an exacerbated or unnecessary immune response. Moreover, it offers an updated vision of the most widely employed pre-conditioning strategies and 3D systems intended to enhance MSC-mediated immunomodulation, to conclude discussing the major challenges still to overcome in the field.
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35
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Sanders J, Schneider EM. How severe RNA virus infections such as SARS-CoV-2 disrupt tissue and organ barriers—Reconstitution by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. TISSUE BARRIERS IN DISEASE, INJURY AND REGENERATION 2021. [PMCID: PMC8225928 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818561-2.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The host tissue barriers arrange numerous lines of resistance to influx and cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic viruses. However, the highly virulent pathogens are equipped with diverse molecular mechanisms that can subvert the host countermeasures and/or exaggerate the host cell responses to toxic levels leading to severe illnesses. In his review, we discuss the immune-mediated pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease induced by the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus. SARS-Cov-2 primarily infects type II alveolar epithelial cells. These cells are highly abundant with the ACE2 receptor protein, which occurs to be counterpart of the viral Spike protein and thus facilitates internalization of the virus. Following infection onset, the rapid clinical deterioration occurs about in a week suggesting that the respiratory failure in COVID-19 could result from a unique pattern of immune impairment characterized by severe Cytokine Release Syndrome (known as cytokine storm) leading to macrophage activation syndrome. In addition, the SARS-Cov-2 infection can induce a profound depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, CD19 lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, i.e., all major guardians cell components of the host immune barrier. However, while the numbers of that cells decline in the sequelae of the disease, the presence of persistent hyper-inflammation driving progressive tissue injury, suggests that the deteriorating impact of the systemic reactive responses can be more significant than the virus-induced cytopathic effects on the immunocompetent cells. In this respect, the authors discuss the emerging evidence of beneficial effects of administration of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells—another sentinel-type cells—in management of the hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, they also discuss the exosomes-originated mechanisms, which sustain regeneration of the damaged pulmonary lining cells and the vascular endothelial cells in various organs, including the brain.
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36
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Singampalli KL, Balaji S, Wang X, Parikh UM, Kaul A, Gilley J, Birla RK, Bollyky PL, Keswani SG. The Role of an IL-10/Hyaluronan Axis in Dermal Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:636. [PMID: 32850791 PMCID: PMC7396613 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation is the typical endpoint of postnatal dermal wound healing, which affects more than 100 million individuals annually. Not only do scars cause a functional burden by reducing the biomechanical strength of skin at the site of injury, but they also significantly increase healthcare costs and impose psychosocial challenges. Though the mechanisms that dictate how dermal wounds heal are still not completely understood, they are regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, neovascularization, and inflammatory responses. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has emerged as a key mediator of the pro- to anti-inflammatory transition that counters collagen deposition in scarring. In parallel, the high molecular weight (HMW) glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is present in the ECM and acts in concert with IL-10 to block pro-inflammatory signals and attenuate fibrotic responses. Notably, high concentrations of both IL-10 and HMW HA are produced in early gestational fetal skin, which heals scarlessly. Since fibroblasts are responsible for collagen deposition, it is critical to determine how the concerted actions of IL-10 and HA drive their function to potentially control fibrogenesis. Beyond their independent actions, an auto-regulatory IL-10/HA axis may exist to modulate the magnitude of CD4+ effector T lymphocyte activation and enhance T regulatory cell function in order to reduce scarring. This review underscores the pathophysiological impact of the IL-10/HA axis as a multifaceted molecular mechanism to direct primary cell responders and regulators toward either regenerative dermal tissue repair or scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya L Singampalli
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Umang M Parikh
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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37
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Toxicity of TiO 2 Nanoparticles: Validation of Alternative Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144855. [PMID: 32659965 PMCID: PMC7402355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many studies concerning titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NP) toxicity. Nevertheless, there are few publications comparing in vitro and in vivo exposure, and even less comparing air–liquid interface exposure (ALI) with other in vitro and in vivo exposures. The identification and validation of common markers under different exposure conditions are relevant for the development of smart and quick nanotoxicity tests. In this work, cell viability was assessed in vitro by WST-1 and LDH assays after the exposure of NR8383 cells to TiO2 NP sample. To evaluate in vitro gene expression profile, NR8383 cells were exposed to TiO2 NP during 4 h at 3 cm2 of TiO2 NP/cm2 of cells or 19 μg/mL, in two settings—submerged cultures and ALI. For the in vivo study, Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to a nanostructured aerosol at a concentration of 10 mg/m3, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. This was followed immediately by gene expression analysis. The results showed a low cytotoxic potential of TiO2 NP on NR8383 cells. Despite the absence of toxicity at the doses studied, the different exposures to TiO2 NP induce 18 common differentially expressed genes (DEG) which are involved in mitosis regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis and inflammation transport of membrane proteins. Among these genes, we noticed the upregulation of Ccl4, Osm, Ccl7 and Bcl3 genes which could be suggested as early response biomarkers after exposure to TiO2 NP. On the other hand, the comparison of the three models helped us to validate the alternative ones, namely submerged and ALI approaches.
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38
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Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Green AR, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Molecular Aspects and Future Perspectives of Cytokine-Based Anti-cancer Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:402. [PMID: 32582698 PMCID: PMC7283917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-based immunotherapy is a promising field in the cancer treatment, since cytokines, as proteins of the immune system, are able to modulate the host immune response toward cancer cell, as well as directly induce tumor cell death. Since a low dose monotherapy with some cytokines has no significant therapeutic results and a high dose treatment leads to a number of side effects caused by the pleiotropic effect of cytokines, the problem of understanding the influence of cytokines on the immune cells involved in the pro- and anti-tumor immune response remains a pressing one. Immune system cells carry CD makers on their surface which can be used to identify various populations of cells of the immune system that play different roles in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. This review discusses the functions and specific CD markers of various immune cell populations which are reported to participate in the regulation of the immune response against the tumor. The results of research studies and clinical trials investigating the effect of cytokine therapy on the regulation of immune cell populations and their surface markers are also discussed. Current trends in the development of cancer immunotherapy, as well as the role of cytokines in combination with other therapeutic agents, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Vinod N, Hwang D, Azam SH, Van Swearingen AED, Wayne E, Fussell SC, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Pecot CV, Kabanov AV. High-capacity poly(2-oxazoline) formulation of TLR 7/8 agonist extends survival in a chemo-insensitive, metastatic model of lung adenocarcinoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5542. [PMID: 32596460 PMCID: PMC7299629 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
About 40% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have stage IV cancer at the time of diagnosis. The only viable treatment options for metastatic disease are systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Nonetheless, chemoresistance remains a major cause of chemotherapy failure. New immunotherapeutic modalities such as anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade have shown promise; however, response to such strategies is highly variable across patients. Here, we show that our unique poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanomicellar formulation (PM) of Resiquimod, an imidazoquinoline Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, had a superior tumor inhibitory effect in a metastatic model of lung adenocarcinoma, relative to anti-PD-1 therapy or platinum-based chemotherapy. Investigation of the in vivo immune status following Resiquimod PM treatment showed that Resiquimod-based stimulation of antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment resulted in the mobilization of an antitumor CD8+ immune response. Our study demonstrates the promise of poly(2-oxazoline)-formulated Resiquimod for treating metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Vinod
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint UNC/NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
| | - Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Salma H. Azam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda E. D. Van Swearingen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wayne
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sloane Christian Fussell
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chad V. Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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40
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Rodriguez C. The global helminth belt and Covid-19: the new eosinophilic link. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.32388/iwkqh9.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Wang C, de Ávila BEF, Mundaca-Uribe R, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF, Wang J. Active Delivery of VLPs Promotes Anti-Tumor Activity in a Mouse Ovarian Tumor Model. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907150. [PMID: 32329580 PMCID: PMC7507763 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) have been used as an attractive means in cancer immunotherapy because of their unique intrinsic immunostimulatory properties. However, for treating metastatic tumors in the peritoneal cavity, such as ovarian cancer, multiple injections of therapy are needed due to the large peritoneal space and fast excretion of therapy. Here, it is reported on the development of active VLP delivery vehicles for the treatment of peritoneal ovarian tumors using biocompatible Qβ VLPs-loaded Mg-based micromotors. The autonomous propulsion of such Qβ VLPs-loaded Mg-micromotors in the peritoneal fluid enables active delivery of intact immunostimulatory Qβ VLPs to the peritoneal space of ovarian tumor bearing mice, greatly enhancing the local distribution and retention of Qβ VLPs. Such improved distribution and longer retention time of Qβ in the peritoneal cavity leads to enhanced immunostimulation and therefore increased survival rate of tumor-bearing mice compared to a passive Qβ treatment. For clinical translation, the active delivery of VLPs holds great promise for tumor immunotherapy toward the treatment of different types of primary and metastatic tumors in the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-Immunoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-Immunoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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42
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van Elsas MJ, van Hall T, van der Burg SH. Future Challenges in Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E935. [PMID: 32290124 PMCID: PMC7226490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell transfer and therapeutic cancer vaccines, have shown promising response rates in clinical trials. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of patients in which initially regressing tumors start to regrow due to an immunotherapy-driven acquired resistance. Studies on the underlying mechanisms reveal that these can be similar to well-known tumor intrinsic and extrinsic primary resistance factors that precluded the majority of patients from responding to immunotherapy in the first place. Here, we discuss primary and secondary immune resistance and point at strategies to identify potential new mechanisms of immune evasion. Ultimately, this may lead to improved immunotherapy strategies with improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.J.v.E.); (T.v.H.)
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Malinina A, Dikeman D, Westbrook R, Moats M, Gidner S, Poonyagariyagorn H, Walston J, Neptune ER. IL10 deficiency promotes alveolar enlargement and lymphoid dysmorphogenesis in the aged murine lung. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13130. [PMID: 32170906 PMCID: PMC7189990 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between aging-related immune dysfunction and the lung manifestations of aging is poorly understood. A detailed characterization of the aging IL10-deficient murine lung, a model of accelerated aging and frailty, reconciles features of both immunosenescence and lung aging in a coherent model. Airspace enlargement developed in the middle-aged (12 months old) and aged (20-22 months old) IL10-deficient lung punctuated by an expansion of macrophages and alveolar cell apoptosis. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, the IL10-deficient lungs from young (4-month-old) mice showed increased oxidative stress which was enhanced in both genotypes by aging. Active caspase 3 staining was increased in the alveolar epithelial cells of aged WT and mutant lungs but was greater in the IL10-deficient milieu. Lung macrophages were increased in the aged IL10-deficient lungs with exuberant expression of MMP12. IL10 treatment of naïve and M2-polarized bone marrow-derived WT macrophages reduced MMP12 expression. Conditioned media studies demonstrated the secretome of aged mutant macrophages harbors reduced AECII prosurvival factors, specifically keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), promotes cell death, and reduces survival of primary alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to WT controls, aged IL10-deficient mice have increased parenchymal lymphoid collections comprised of a reduced number of apoptotic cells and B cells. We establish that IL10 is a key modulator of airspace homeostasis and lymphoid morphogenesis in the aging lung enabling macrophage-mediated alveolar epithelial cell survival and B-cell survival within tertiary lymphoid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Malinina
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Dustin Dikeman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Reyhan Westbrook
- Division of Geriatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Michelle Moats
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Sarah Gidner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Enid R. Neptune
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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Muldoon JJ, Chuang Y, Bagheri N, Leonard JN. Macrophages employ quorum licensing to regulate collective activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:878. [PMID: 32054845 PMCID: PMC7018708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-initiated inflammation is tightly regulated to eliminate threats such as infections while suppressing harmful immune activation. However, individual cells’ signaling responses to pro-inflammatory cues are heterogeneous, with subpopulations emerging with high or low activation states. Here, we use single-cell tracking and dynamical modeling to develop and validate a revised model for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation that invokes a mechanism we term quorum licensing. The results show that bimodal phenotypic partitioning of macrophages is primed during the resting state, dependent on cumulative history of cell density, predicted by extrinsic noise in transcription factor expression, and independent of canonical LPS-induced intercellular feedback in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response. Our analysis shows how this density-dependent coupling produces a nonlinear effect on collective TNF production. We speculate that by linking macrophage density to activation, this mechanism could amplify local responses to threats and prevent false alarms. Macrophage activation is tightly regulated to maintain immune homeostasis, yet activation is also heterogeneous. Here, the authors show that macrophages coordinate activation by partitioning into two phenotypes that can nonlinearly amplify collective inflammatory cytokine production as a function of cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Muldoon
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yishan Chuang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Neda Bagheri
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Member, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Biology and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Joshua N Leonard
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Member, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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Bedke T, Muscate F, Soukou S, Gagliani N, Huber S. Title: IL-10-producing T cells and their dual functions. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101335. [PMID: 31734129 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is considered a prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, which significantly contributes to the maintenance and reestablishment of immune homeostasis. However, this classical view fails to fully describe the pleiotropic roles of IL-10. Indeed, IL-10 can also promote immune responses, e.g. by supporting B-cell and CD8+ T-cell activation. The reasons for these seemingly opposing functions are unclear to a large extent. Recent and previous studies suggest that the cellular source and the microenvironment impact the function of IL-10. However, studies addressing the mechanisms which determine whether IL-10 promotes inflammation or controls it have just begun. This review first summarizes the recent findings on the heterogeneity of IL-10 producing T cells and their impact on the target cells. Finally, we will propose two possible explanations for the dual functions of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shiwa Soukou
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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da Cunha LR, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Dos Santos Borges TK. Impact of polyphenols in phagocyte functions. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:205-217. [PMID: 31686890 PMCID: PMC6708886 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s193749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a broad group of substances with potential health benefits found in plant species. Several of these compounds are capable of influencing the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as NF-kB, MAPK and JAK-STAT, responsible for the production of various inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and 12 (IL-12), enzymes involved in the production of reactive species such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dehydrogenase (SOD), as well as enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO). There is increased interest in the use of polyphenol-rich foods because of their immunomodulatory effect; however, the mechanisms used during macrophage responses are extremely complex and little is known about the effects of polyphenols on these cells. As such, this review summarizes the current view of polyphenol influences on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rodrigues da Cunha
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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Wilson JL, Mayr HK, Weichhart T. Metabolic Programming of Macrophages: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Granulomatous Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2265. [PMID: 31681260 PMCID: PMC6797840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is rapidly gaining appreciation in the etiology of immune cell dysfunction in a variety of diseases. Tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and sarcoidosis represent an important class of diseases characterized by the formation of granulomas, where macrophages are causatively implicated in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies support the incidence of macrophage metabolic reprogramming in granulomas of both infectious and non-infectious origin. These publications identify the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as the major regulators of lipid metabolism and cellular energy balance, peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), respectively, as key players in the pathological progression of granulomas. In this review, we present a comprehensive breakdown of emerging research on the link between macrophage cell metabolism and granulomas of different etiology, and how parallels can be drawn between different forms of granulomatous disease. In particular, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ signaling and lipid metabolism, which are currently the best-represented metabolic pathways in this context, and we highlight dysregulated lipid metabolism as a common denominator in granulomatous disease progression. This review therefore aims to highlight metabolic mechanisms of granuloma immune cell fate and open up research questions for the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Louise Wilson
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Katharina Mayr
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Raghavan S, Mehta P, Xie Y, Lei YL, Mehta G. Ovarian cancer stem cells and macrophages reciprocally interact through the WNT pathway to promote pro-tumoral and malignant phenotypes in 3D engineered microenvironments. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31324218 PMCID: PMC6642605 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune cells such as macrophages are abundantly present within malignant ascites, where they share the microenvironment with ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC). METHODS To mimic this malignant ascites microenvironment, we created a hanging-drop hetero-spheroid model to bring CSCs and macrophages in close association. Within these hetero-spheroids, CD68+ macrophages (derived from U937 or peripheral blood monocytes) make up ~ 20% of the population, while the rest are ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer stem cells (derived from the high grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3). RESULTS Our results indicate that CSCs drive the upregulation of M2 macrophage marker CD206 within hetero-spheroids, compared to bulk ovarian cancer cells, implying an inherently more immuno-suppressive program. Moreover, an increased maintenance of elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is noted within hetero-spheroids that include pre-polarized CD206+ M2 macrophages, implying a reciprocal interaction that drives pro-tumoral activation as well as CSC self-renewal. Consistent with enriched CSCs, we also observe increased levels of pro-tumoral IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines in the CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids. CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids are also less sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin and are subsequently more invasive in transwell assays. Using inhibitors of WNT secretion in both CSCs and macrophages, we found that CSC-derived WNT ligands drove CD206+ M2 macrophage activation, and that, conversely, macrophage-derived WNT ligands enriched ALDH+ cells within the CSC compartment of hetero-spheroids. Upon examination of specific WNT ligand expression within the monocyte-derived macrophage system, we observed a significant elevation in gene expression for WNT5B. In CSCs co-cultured with macrophages within hetero-spheroids, increases in several WNT ligands were observed, and this increase was significantly inhibited when WNT5B was knocked down in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our data implies that macrophage- initiated WNT signaling could play a significant role in the maintenance of stemness, and the resulting phenotypes of chemoresistance and invasiveness. Our results indicate paracrine WNT activation during CSC/M2 macrophages interaction constitutes a positive feedback loop that likely contributes to the more aggressive phenotype, which makes the WNT pathway a potential target to reduce the CSC and M2 macrophage compartments in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ann Arbor, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Novel pathways of self- and cross-tolerance in monocytes. Blood 2019; 134:101-103. [PMID: 31296540 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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The protective effects of β-caryophyllene on LPS-induced primary microglia M1/M2 imbalance: A mechanistic evaluation. Life Sci 2019; 219:40-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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