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Mamun AA, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395479. [PMID: 38835782 PMCID: PMC11148235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin, being a multifaceted organ, performs a pivotal function in the complicated wound-healing procedure, which encompasses the triggering of several cellular entities and signaling cascades. Aberrations in the typical healing process of wounds may result in atypical scar development and the establishment of a persistent condition, rendering patients more vulnerable to infections. Chronic burns and wounds have a detrimental effect on the overall quality of life of patients, resulting in higher levels of physical discomfort and socio-economic complexities. The occurrence and frequency of prolonged wounds are on the rise as a result of aging people, hence contributing to escalated expenditures within the healthcare system. The clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic wounds continue to pose challenges despite the advancement of different therapeutic approaches. This is mainly owing to the prolonged treatment duration and intricate processes involved in wound healing. Many conventional methods, such as the administration of growth factors, the use of wound dressings, and the application of skin grafts, are used to ease the process of wound healing across diverse wound types. Nevertheless, these therapeutic approaches may only be practical for some wounds, highlighting the need to advance alternative treatment modalities. Novel wound care technologies, such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell treatment, and 3D bioprinting, aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, prioritize skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. This review provides an updated overview of recent advancements in chronic wound healing and therapeutic management using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Hwang N, Ghanta S, Li Q, Lamattina AM, Murzin E, Lederer JA, El-Chemaly S, Chung SW, Liu X, Perrella MA. Carbon monoxide-induced autophagy enhances human mesenchymal stromal cell function via paracrine actions in murine polymicrobial sepsis. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00321-6. [PMID: 38734903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening process due to organ dysfunction resulting from severe infections. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as therapy for sepsis, along with conditioning regimens to improve their function. Carbon monoxide (CO) gas, which is cytoprotective at low doses, induces autophagy and is a mediator of inflammation. We evaluated CO-induced autophagy in human MSCs (hMSCs), and its impact on cell function in murine cecal ligation and puncture. Conditioning of hMSCs with CO ex vivo resulted in enhanced survival and bacterial clearance in vivo, and neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria in vitro. Decreased neutrophil infiltration and less parenchymal cell death in organs were associated with increased macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, promoting resolution of inflammation. These CO effects were lost when the cells were exposed to autophagy inhibition prior to gas exposure. When assessing paracrine actions of CO-induced autophagy, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were predominantly responsible. CO had no effect on EV production, but altered their miRNA cargo. Increased expression of miR-145-3p and miR-193a-3p by CO was blunted with disruption of autophagy, and inhibitors of these miRNAs led to a loss of neutrophil phagocytosis and macrophage efferocytosis. Collectively, CO-induced autophagy enhanced hMSC function during sepsis via paracrine actions of MSC-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sailaja Ghanta
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony M Lamattina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Murzin
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Chen F, Wu L, Zhang M, Kan M, Chen H, Wang X, Qu J. Autophagy-related 5 in acute ischemic stroke: Variation and linkage with neurofunction, and survival. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:856-865. [PMID: 38530706 PMCID: PMC11021666 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) facilitates the pathologic process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) via multiple ways. This study aimed to identify the association of serum ATG5 with clinical outcomes in AIS patients. METHODS Serum ATG5 from 280 AIS patients were detected at admission, Day (D)1, D3, D7, D30, and D90 after admission by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 21.1 (5.9-43.9) months. Another 50 healthy controls (HCs) were also enrolled for serum ATG5 determination. RESULTS ATG5 was elevated (p < 0.001) (vs. HCs), and positively correlated with hyperlipidemia (p = 0.016), and the national institutes of health stroke scale score (p = 0.001) in AIS patients. Interestingly, ATG5 was increased from admission to D1, but gradually decreased until D90 (p < 0.001). Besides, 85 (30.4%) and 195 (69.6%) AIS patients were assessed as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >2 and mRS ≤2 at D90, respectively. ATG5 at admission, D1, D3, D30, and D90 was elevated in AIS patients with mRS >2 versus those with mRS ≤2 (all p < 0.050). ATG5 at admission, D1, D3, D7, D30, or D90 was elevated in relapsed (vs. non-relapsed) or died (vs. survived) AIS patients (all p < 0.050). Recurrence-free survival was shortened in AIS patients with high (≥52.0 ng/mL) ATG5 versus those with low (<52.0 ng/mL) ATG5 at admission, D3, D7, and D30 (all p < 0.050); overall survival was shorter in AIS patients with high (vs. low) ATG5 at D7 and D30 (both p < 0.050). INTERPRETATION Serum ATG5 elevates at first, thereafter gradually declines, whose elevation associates with neurological dysfunction, recurrence, and death risk in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Linxia Wu
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Minchen Kan
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department I of Neonatal WardHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
| | - Juanjuan Qu
- Department II of EmergencyHandan Central HospitalHandan056008China
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Li M, Weng L, Yu D, Yang G, Hao J. Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps induced by autophagy and identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14881. [PMID: 37539924 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal death of neutrophils and the subsequent ineffective clearance of cell fragments result in production of autoantigens that can lead to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can trigger the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons, leading to tissue damage and immune dysfunction in SLE patients. In this study, we found that a decrease in neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood was correlated with clinical parameters in SLE patients. Patients with low neutrophil counts had high renal activity index and chronicity index scores. NET formation and neutrophil autophagy in SLE patients were increased. The autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine was shown to restrict NET formation. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we found that the expression of the autophagy-related gene, hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), was enhanced in peripheral neutrophils and in the renal glomeruli in SLE patients. Targeting HIF1A could be a potential therapeutic approach for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luobei Weng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Mycology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Datang Yu
- Department of urology, The 74th Group Army Hospital of the PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Janko J, Bečka E, Kmeťová K, Hudecová L, Konečná B, Celec P, Bajaj-Elliott M, Pastorek M. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation and clearance is enhanced in fever and attenuated in hypothermia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257422. [PMID: 37849757 PMCID: PMC10577177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever and hypothermia represent two opposite strategies for fighting systemic inflammation. Fever results in immune activation; hypothermia is associated with energy conservation. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) remains a significant cause of mortality worldwide. SIRS can lead to a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms but importantly, patients can develop fever or hypothermia. During infection, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) such as neutrophils prevent pathogen dissemination through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that ensnare and kill bacteria. However, when dysregulated, NETs also promote host tissue damage. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that temperature modulates NETs homeostasis in response to infection and inflammation. NETs formation was studied in response to infectious (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and sterile (mitochondria) agents. When compared to body temperature (37°C), NETs formation increased at 40°C; interestingly, the response was stunted at 35°C and 42°C. While CD16+ CD49d+ PMNs represent a small proportion of the neutrophil population, they formed ~45-85% of NETs irrespective of temperature. Temperature increased formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expression to a differential extent in CD16+ CD49d- vs. CD49d+ PMNSs, suggesting further complexity to neutrophil function in hypo/hyperthermic conditions. The capacity of NETs to induce Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-mediated NF-κB activation was found to be temperature independent. Interestingly, NET degradation was enhanced at higher temperatures, which corresponded with greater plasma DNase activity in response to temperature increase. Collectively, our observations indicate that NETs formation and clearance are enhanced at 40°C whilst temperatures of 35°C and 42°C attenuate this response. Targeting PMN-driven immunity may represent new venues for intervention in pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Emil Bečka
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kmeťová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Letícia Hudecová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Moran J, Feltham L, Bagnall J, Goldrick M, Lord E, Nettleton C, Spiller DG, Roberts I, Paszek P. Live-cell imaging reveals single-cell and population-level infection strategies of Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235675. [PMID: 37675103 PMCID: PMC10478088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have developed intricate strategies to overcome the host's innate immune responses. In this paper we use live-cell microscopy with a single bacterium resolution to follow in real time interactions between the food-borne pathogen L. monocytogenes and host macrophages, a key event controlling the infection in vivo. We demonstrate that infection results in heterogeneous outcomes, with only a subset of bacteria able to establish a replicative invasion of macrophages. The fate of individual bacteria in the same host cell was independent from the host cell and non-cooperative, being independent from co-infecting bacteria. A higher multiplicity of infection resulted in a reduced probability of replication of the overall bacterial population. By use of internalisation assays and conditional probabilities to mathematically describe the two-stage invasion process, we demonstrate that the higher MOI compromises the ability of macrophages to phagocytose bacteria. We found that the rate of phagocytosis is mediated via the secreted Listeriolysin toxin (LLO), while the probability of replication of intracellular bacteria remained constant. Using strains expressing fluorescent reporters to follow transcription of either the LLO-encoding hly or actA genes, we show that replicative bacteria exhibited higher PrfA regulon expression in comparison to those bacteria that did not replicate, however elevated PrfA expression per se was not sufficient to increase the probability of replication. Overall, this demonstrates a new role for the population-level, but not single cell, PrfA-mediated activity to regulate outcomes of host pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Roberts
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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7
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Komijani E, Parhizkar F, Abdolmohammadi-Vahid S, Ahmadi H, Nouri N, Yousefi M, Aghebati-Maleki L. Autophagy-mediated immune system regulation in reproductive system and pregnancy-associated complications. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103973. [PMID: 37295066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy lysosomal degradation is the main cell mechanism in cellular, tissue and organismal homeostasis and is controlled by autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy has important effects in cellular physiology, including adaptation to metabolic stress, removal of dangerous cargo (such as protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and intracellular pathogens), regeneration during differentiation and development, and prevention of genomic damage in general. Also, it has been found that autophagy is essential for pre-implantation, development, and maintaining embryo survival in mammals. Under certain conditions, autophagy may be detrimental through pro-survival effects such as cancer progression or through possible cell death-promoting effects. Hormonal changes and environmental stress can initiate autophagy in reproductive physiology. The activity of autophagy can be upregulated under conditions like a lack of nutrients, inflammation, hypoxia, and infections. In this regard the dysregulation of autophagy involved in some pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE) and pregnancy loss, and has a major impact on reproductive outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to discuss the relationship between autophagy and the female reproductive system, with a special focus on the immune system, and its role in fetal and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Komijani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Parhizkar
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Narjes Nouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Aguinagalde Salazar L, den Boer MA, Castenmiller SM, Zwarthoff SA, de Haas C, Aerts PC, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, Heck AJR, van Kessel K, Rooijakkers SHM. Promoting Fc-Fc interactions between anti-capsular antibodies provides strong immune protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae. eLife 2023; 12:80669. [PMID: 36947116 PMCID: PMC10032657 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and an important cause of childhood mortality. Despite the introduction of successful vaccines, the global spread of both non-vaccine serotypes and antibiotic-resistant strains reinforces the development of alternative therapies against this pathogen. One possible route is the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that induce killing of bacteria via the immune system. Here, we investigate whether mAbs can be used to induce killing of pneumococcal serotypes for which the current vaccines show unsuccessful protection. Our study demonstrates that when human mAbs against pneumococcal capsule polysaccharides (CPS) have a poor capacity to induce complement activation, a critical process for immune protection against pneumococci, their activity can be strongly improved by hexamerization-enhancing mutations. Our data indicate that anti-capsular antibodies may have a low capacity to form higher-order oligomers (IgG hexamers) that are needed to recruit complement component C1. Indeed, specific point mutations in the IgG-Fc domain that strengthen hexamerization strongly enhance C1 recruitment and downstream complement activation on encapsulated pneumococci. Specifically, hexamerization-enhancing mutations E430G or E345K in CPS6-IgG strongly potentiate complement activation on S. pneumoniae strains that express capsular serotype 6 (CPS6), and the highly invasive serotype 19A strain. Furthermore, these mutations improve complement activation via mAbs recognizing CPS3 and CPS8 strains. Importantly, hexamer-enhancing mutations enable mAbs to induce strong opsonophagocytic killing by human neutrophils. Finally, passive immunization with CPS6-IgG1-E345K protected mice from developing severe pneumonia. Altogether, this work provides an important proof of concept for future optimization of antibody therapies against encapsulated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurits A den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Castenmiller
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Seline A Zwarthoff
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carla de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Zeng X, Xin J, Liu K, Deng W, Liu F. The protective role of HMGB1 in affecting the balance between autophagy and pyroptosis to maintain neutrophils homeostasis during β-glucan-induced mice lung inflammation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114637. [PMID: 36774802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal contamination is omnipresent, and inhalation of fungi-contaminated organic dust leads to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), in which neutrophils played a pivotal role. Existing studies have suggested that cell homeostasis is crucial for the pathogenesis of the inflammatory disease. Although HMGB1 has been shown to contribute to suppressing HP, there is a lack of studies on its mechanisms, especially the regulation of neutrophil homeostasis. This study aims to investigate how HMGB1 regulates neutrophil function by affecting neutrophil homeostasis, and then affects lung inflammation induced by β-glucan, the exposure marker of fungi. Our results showed that deficient HMGB1 led to neutrophil death by disrupting the balance between autophagy and pyroptosis after β-glucan treatment. And HMGB1 deficiency exacerbated the β-glucan-induced lung inflammation and neutrophil dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, HMGB1 contributed to remodeling neutrophil function by restricting autophagy and aggravating pyroptosis β-glucan exposure. Our funding suggested that HMGB1 deficiency could break the balance between autophagy and pyroptosis towards pyroptosis to cause neutrophil dysfunction during the exacerbated inflammatory response, which provides insights into the pathogenesis of HP and the potential biological targets for its treatment. DATA AVAILABILITY: The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Zeng
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Xin
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Zhang J, Li L, Yu J, Zhang F, Shi J, LI M, Liu J, Li H, Gao J, Wu Y. Autophagy-Modulated Biomaterial: A Robust Weapon for Modulating the Wound Environment to Promote Skin Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2567-2588. [PMID: 37213350 PMCID: PMC10198186 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s398107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-renewal mechanism, can help to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment of organisms. Autophagy can also regulate several cellular functions and is strongly related to the onset and progression of several diseases. Wound healing is a biological process that is coregulated by different types of cells. However, it is troublesome owing to prolonged treatment duration and poor recovery. In recent years, biomaterials have been reported to influence the skin wound healing process by finely regulating autophagy. Biomaterials that regulate autophagy in various cells involved in skin wound healing to regulate the differentiation, proliferation and migration of cells, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have emerged as a key method for improving the tissue regeneration ability of biomaterials. During the inflammatory phase, autophagy enhances the clearance of pathogens from the wound site and leads to macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, thus preventing enhanced inflammation that can lead to further tissue damage. Autophagy plays important roles in facilitating the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) during the proliferative phase, removing excess intracellular ROS, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. This review summarizes the close association between autophagy and skin wound healing and discusses the role of biomaterial-based autophagy in tissue regeneration. The applications of recent biomaterials designed to target autophagy are highlighted, including polymeric materials, cellular materials, metal nanomaterials, and carbon-based materials. A better understanding of biomaterial-regulated autophagy and skin regeneration and the underlying molecular mechanisms may open new possibilities for promoting skin regeneration. Moreover, this can lay the foundation for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches and novel biomaterials for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Shi
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyun LI
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Jie Gao, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 21-31166666, Email
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Wu, College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157001, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-453-6984647, Email
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Ripszky Totan A, Imre MM, Parvu S, Meghea D, Radulescu R, Enasescu DSA, Moisa MR, Pituru SM. Autophagy Plays Multiple Roles in the Soft-Tissue Healing and Osseointegration in Dental Implant Surgery-A Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6041. [PMID: 36079421 PMCID: PMC9457242 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental endo-osseous implants have become a widely used treatment for replacing missing teeth. Dental implants are placed into a surgically created osteotomy in alveolar bone, the healing of the soft tissue lesion and the osseointegration of the implant being key elements to long-term success. Autophagy is considered the major intracellular degradation system, playing important roles in various cellular processes involved in dental implant integration. The aim of this review is an exploration of autophagy roles in the main cell types involved in the healing and remodeling of soft tissue lesions and implant osseointegration, post-implant surgery. We have focused on the autophagy pathway in macrophages, endothelial cells; osteoclasts, osteoblasts; fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and keratinocytes. In macrophages, autophagy modulates innate and adaptive immune responses playing a key role in osteo-immunity. Autophagy induction in endothelial cells promotes apoptosis resistance, cell survival, and protection against oxidative stress damage. The autophagic machinery is also involved in transporting stromal vesicles containing mineralization-related factors to the extracellular matrix and regulating osteoblasts' functions. Alveolar bone remodeling is achieved by immune cells differentiation into osteoclasts; autophagy plays an important and active role in this process. Autophagy downregulation in fibroblasts induces apoptosis, leading to better wound healing by improving excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and inhibiting fibrosis progression. Autophagy seems to be a dual actor on the scene of dental implant surgery, imposing further research in order to completely reveal its positive features which may be essential for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marina Melescanu Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Parvu
- Department of Complementary Sciences, Hygiene and Medical Ecology Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Meghea
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Radulescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Sebastian Alexandru Enasescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu Moisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Mirel Pituru
- Department of Professional Organization and Medical Legislation-Malpractice, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Zhu CL, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li HR, Yu CM, Li P, Deng XM, Wang JF. Dysregulation of neutrophil death in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963955. [PMID: 36059483 PMCID: PMC9434116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a prevalent disease that has alarmingly high mortality rates and, for several survivors, long-term morbidity. The modern definition of sepsis is an aberrant host response to infection followed by a life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis has a complicated pathophysiology and involves multiple immune and non-immune mediators. It is now believed that in the initial stages of sepsis, excessive immune system activation and cascading inflammation are usually accompanied by immunosuppression. During the pathophysiology of severe sepsis, neutrophils are crucial. Recent researches have demonstrated a clear link between the process of neutrophil cell death and the emergence of organ dysfunction in sepsis. During sepsis, spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils is inhibited and neutrophils may undergo some other types of cell death. In this review, we describe various types of neutrophil cell death, including necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, and autophagy, to reveal their known effects in the development and progression of sepsis. However, the exact role and mechanisms of neutrophil cell death in sepsis have not been fully elucidated, and this remains a major challenge for future neutrophil research. We hope that this review will provide hints for researches regarding neutrophil cell death in sepsis and provide insights for clinical practitioners.
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13
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Horn KJ, Schopper MA, Drigot ZG, Clark SE. Airway Prevotella promote TLR2-dependent neutrophil activation and rapid clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lung. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3321. [PMID: 35680890 PMCID: PMC9184549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates how specific members of the lung microbiome influence the early immune response to infection. Prevotella species are a major component of the endogenous airway microbiota. Increased abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica correlates with reduced infection with the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, indicating a potentially beneficial role. Here, we show that P. melaninogenica enhances protection against S. pneumoniae, resulting in rapid pathogen clearance from the lung and improved survival in a mouse lung co-infection model. This response requires recognition of P. melaninogenica lipoproteins by toll-like receptor (TLR)2, the induction of TNFα, and neutrophils, as the loss of any of these factors abrogates Prevotella-induced protection. Improved clearance of S. pneumoniae is associated with increased serine protease-mediated killing by lung neutrophils and restraint of P. melaninogenica-induced inflammation by IL-10 in co-infected mice. Together, these findings highlight innate immune priming by airway Prevotella as an important protective feature in the respiratory tract. How the airway microbiome protects against bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. Here, the authors identify airway bacterial species that activate the immune system to facilitate rapid clearance of the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadi J Horn
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melissa A Schopper
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zoe G Drigot
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Boulder, College of Arts and Sciences, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sarah E Clark
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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14
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Tao Q, Xu D, Jia K, Cao X, Ye C, Xie S, Hu DL, Peng L, Fang R. NLRP6 Serves as a Negative Regulator of Neutrophil Recruitment and Function During Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898559. [PMID: 35694317 PMCID: PMC9174927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an invasive pathogen with high morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised children and elderly. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) plays an important role in the host innate immune response against pathogen infections. Our previous studies have shown that NLRP6 plays a negative regulatory role in host defense against S. pneumoniae, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The further negative regulatory role of NLRP6 in the host was investigated in this study. Our results showed that NLRP6−/− mice in the lung had lower bacterial burdens after S. pneumoniae infection and expressed higher level of tight junction (TJ) protein occludin compared to WT mice, indicating the detrimental role of NLRP6 in the host defense against S. pneumoniae infection. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to leukocytes migration and recruitment were differentially expressed between wild-type (WT) and NLRP6 knockout (NLRP6−/−) mice during S. pneumoniae infection. Also, NLRP6−/− mice showed higher expression of chemokines including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and 2 (CXCL2) and lower gene expression of complement C3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) which are the factors that inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils. Furthermore, NLRP6−/− neutrophils showed increased intracellular bactericidal ability and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during S. pneumoniae infection. Taken together, our study suggests that NLRP6 is a negative regulator of neutrophil recruitment and function during S. pneumoniae infection. Our study provides a new insight to develop novel strategies to treat invasive pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention at University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kaixiang Jia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanlei Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Lianci Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Lianci Peng,
| | - Rendong Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Rendong Fang,
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15
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Huang Z, Zhang H, Fu X, Han L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhao J, Xiao D, Li H, Li P. Autophagy-driven neutrophil extracellular traps: The dawn of sepsis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153896. [PMID: 35462228 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome caused by infection disorders. The core mechanism of sepsis is immune dysfunction. Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cells, which play a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response. Previous studies have shown that an effective way to treat sepsis is through the regulation of neutrophil functions. Autophagy, a highly conserved degradation process, is responsible for removing denatured proteins or damaged organelles within cells and protecting cells from external stimuli. It is a key homeostasis process that promotes neutrophil function and differentiation. Autophagy has been shown to be closely associated with inflammation and immunity. Neutrophils, the first line of innate immunity, migrate to inflammatory sites upon their activation. Neutrophil-mediated autophagy may participate in the clinical course of sepsis. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the latest research findings on the changes in neutrophil external traps during sepsis, the regulatory role of autophagy in neutrophil, and the potential application of autophagy-driven NETs in sepsis, so as to guide clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haidan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danyang Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyao Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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16
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Wu TH, Hsieh SC, Li TH, Lu CH, Liao HT, Shen CY, Li KJ, Wu CH, Kuo YM, Tsai CY, Yu CL. Molecular Basis for Paradoxical Activities of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Inflammation/Anti-Inflammation, Bactericide/Autoimmunity, Pro-Cancer/Anticancer, and Antiviral Infection/SARS-CoV-II-Induced Immunothrombotic Dysregulation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040773. [PMID: 35453523 PMCID: PMC9032061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation. These cells act as the fast and powerful defenders against environmental pathogenic microbes to protect the body. In addition, these innate inflammatory cells can produce a number of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors for actively participating in the immune network and immune homeostasis. Many novel biological functions including mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (MICC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), exocytosis of microvesicles (ectosomes and exosomes), trogocytosis (plasma membrane exchange) and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been successively discovered. Furthermore, recent investigations unveiled that PMNs act as a double-edged sword to exhibit paradoxical activities on pro-inflammation/anti-inflammation, antibacteria/autoimmunity, pro-cancer/anticancer, antiviral infection/COVID-19-induced immunothrombotic dysregulation. The NETs released from PMNs are believed to play a pivotal role in these paradoxical activities, especially in the cytokine storm and immunothrombotic dysregulation in the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this review, we would like to discuss in detail the molecular basis for these strange activities of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hung Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Tsu-Hao Li
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Shi Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tzung Liao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (C.-L.Y.)
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17
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Ren H, Zhao F, Zhang Q, Huang X, Wang Z. Autophagy and skin wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac003. [PMID: 35187180 PMCID: PMC8847901 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent, self-renewal mechanism that can degrade and recycle cellular components in eukaryotic cells to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment and the cells ability to cope with unfavorable environments. Numerous studies suggest that autophagy participates in regulating various cellular functions and is closely associated with the onset and progression of various diseases. Wound healing is a complex, multistep biological process that involves multiple cell types. Refractory wounds, which include diabetic skin ulcers, can seriously endanger human health. Previous studies have confirmed that autophagy plays an essential role in various phases of wound healing. Specifically, in the inflammatory phase, autophagy has an anti-infection effect and it negatively regulates the inflammatory response, which prevents excessive inflammation from causing tissue damage. In the proliferative phase, local hypoxia in the wound can induce autophagy, which plays a role in anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress and promotes cell survival. Autophagy of vascular endothelial cells promotes wound angiogenesis and that of keratinocytes promotes their differentiation, proliferation and migration, which is conducive to the completion of wound re-epithelialisation. In the remodeling phase, autophagy of fibroblasts affects the formation of hypertrophic scars. Additionally, a refractory diabetic wound may be associated with increased levels of autophagy, and the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell autophagy may improve its application to wound healing. Therefore, understanding the relationship between autophagy and skin wound healing and exploring the molecular mechanism of autophagy regulation may provide novel strategies for the clinical treatment of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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18
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Cuypers F, Klabunde B, Gesell Salazar M, Surabhi S, Skorka SB, Burchhardt G, Michalik S, Thiele T, Rohde M, Völker U, Hammerschmidt S, Siemens N. Adenosine Triphosphate Neutralizes Pneumolysin-Induced Neutrophil Activation. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1702-1712. [PMID: 32445565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tissue infections, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into extracellular space and contributes to purinergic chemotaxis. Neutrophils are important players in bacterial clearance and are recruited to the site of tissue infections. Pneumococcal infections can lead to uncontrolled hyperinflammation of the tissue along with substantial tissue damage through excessive neutrophil activation and uncontrolled granule release. We aimed to investigate the role of ATP in neutrophil response to pneumococcal infections. METHODS Primary human neutrophils were exposed to the pneumococcal strain TIGR4 and its pneumolysin-deficient mutant or directly to different concentrations of recombinant pneumolysin. Neutrophil activation was assessed by measurement of secreted azurophilic granule protein resistin and profiling of the secretome, using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Pneumococci are potent inducers of neutrophil degranulation. Pneumolysin was identified as a major trigger of neutrophil activation. This process is partially lysis independent and inhibited by ATP. Pneumolysin and ATP interact with each other in the extracellular space leading to reduced neutrophil activation. Proteome analyses of the neutrophil secretome confirmed that ATP inhibits pneumolysin-dependent neutrophil activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that despite its cytolytic activity, pneumolysin serves as a potent neutrophil activating factor. Extracellular ATP mitigates pneumolysin-induced neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cuypers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Björn Klabunde
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Surabhi Surabhi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Skorka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burchhardt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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Shen HH, Zhang T, Yang HL, Lai ZZ, Zhou WJ, Mei J, Shi JW, Zhu R, Xu FY, Li DJ, Ye JF, Li MQ. Ovarian hormones-autophagy-immunity axis in menstruation and endometriosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3512-3526. [PMID: 33537101 PMCID: PMC7847674 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Menstruation occurs in few species and involves a cyclic process of proliferation, breakdown and regeneration under the control of ovarian hormones. Knowledge of normal endometrial physiology, as it pertains to the regulation of menstruation, is essential to understand disorders of menstruation. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy in the endometrium, under the regulation of ovarian hormones, can result in the infiltration of immune cells, which plays an indispensable role in the endometrium shedding, tissue repair and prevention of infections during menstruation. In addition, abnormal autophagy levels, together with resulting dysregulated immune system function, are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis. Considering its potential value of autophagy as a target for the treatment of menstrual-related and endometrium-related disorders, we review the activity and function of autophagy during menstrual cycles. The role of the estrogen/progesterone-autophagy-immunity axis in endometriosis are also discussed.
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21
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Noseykina EM, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Neutrophil Apoptosis under Normal and Pathological Conditions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021; 57:429-450. [PMID: 34226754 PMCID: PMC8245921 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the main cells of innate immunity that perform a key effector and regulatory function in the development of the human inflammatory response. Apoptotic forms of neutrophils are important for regulating the intensity of inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis. This review summarizes current data on the molecular mechanisms of modulation of neutrophil apoptosis by the main regulatory factors of the inflammatory response-cytokines, integrins, and structural components of bacteria. Disturbances in neutrophil apoptosis under stress are also considered, molecular markers of changes in neutrophil lifespan associated with various diseases and pathological conditions are presented, and data on pharmacological agents for modulating apoptosis as potential therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. A. Schepetkin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia ,Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - D. N. Atochin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia ,Cardiovascular Research Center,
Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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22
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Shrestha S, Lee JM, Hong CW. Autophagy in neutrophils. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:1-10. [PMID: 31908569 PMCID: PMC6940497 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation and energy-recycling mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Extensive researches over the past decades have defined the role of autophagy innate immune cells. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in neutrophil biology and a picture of molecular mechanism underlying autophagy in neutrophils. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that comprise the first line of defense against pathogen. Autophagy machineries are highly conserved in neutrophils. Autophagy is not only involved in generalized function of neutrophils such as differentiation in bone marrow but also plays crucial role effector functions of neutrophils such as granule formation, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps release, cytokine production, bactericidal activity and controlling inflammation. This review outlines the current understanding of autophagy in neutrophils and provides insight towards identification of novel therapeutics targeting autophagy in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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23
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Wall EC, Brownridge P, Laing G, Terra VS, Mlozowa V, Denis B, Nyirenda M, Allain T, Ramos-Sevillano E, Carrol E, Collins A, Gordon SB, Lalloo DG, Wren B, Beynon R, Heyderman RS, Brown JS. CSF Levels of Elongation Factor Tu Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Malawian Adults With Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:603623. [PMID: 33363056 PMCID: PMC7759504 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.603623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mortality from bacterial meningitis, predominately caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, exceeds 50% in sub-Saharan African countries with high HIV prevalence. Underlying causes of high mortality are poorly understood. We examined the host and pathogen proteome in the CSF of adults with proven pneumococcal meningitis (PM), testing if there was an association between differentially expressed proteins and outcome. Materials/Methods CSF proteomes were analyzed by quantitative Mass-Spectrometry. Spectra were identified using the Swissprot human and TIGR4 pneumococcal protein libraries. Proteins were quantitated and analyzed against mortality. Unique proteins in PM were identified against published normal CSF proteome. Random-Forest models were used to test for protein signatures discriminating outcome. Proteins of interest were tested for their effects on growth and neutrophil opsonophagocytic killing of S. pneumoniae. Results CSF proteomes were available for 57 Adults with PM (median age 32 years, 60% male, 70% HIV-1 co-infected, mortality 63%). Three hundred sixty individual human and 23 pneumococcal proteins were identified. Of the human protein hits, 30% were not expressed in normal CSF, and these were strongly associated with inflammation and primarily related to neutrophil activity. No human protein signature predicted outcome. However, expression of the essential S. pneumoniae protein Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) was significantly increased in CSF of non-survivors [False Discovery Rate (q) <0.001]. Expression of EF-Tu was negatively co-correlated against expression of Neutrophil defensin (r 0.4 p p < 0.002), but not against complement proteins C3 or Factor H. In vitro, addition of EF-Tu protein impaired S. pneumoniae neutrophil killing in CSF. Conclusions Excessive S. pneumoniae EF-Tu protein in CSF was associated with reduced survival in meningitis in a high HIV prevalence population. We show EF-Tu may inhibit neutrophil mediated killing of S. pneumoniae in CSF. Further mechanistic work is required to better understand how S. pneumoniae avoids essential innate immune responses during PM through production of excess EF-Tu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Wall
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Philip Brownridge
- Centre for Proteomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Laing
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa S. Terra
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Mlozowa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Brigitte Denis
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mulinda Nyirenda
- Adult Emergency Trauma Centre, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Blantyre, Malawi
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Theresa Allain
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elisa Ramos-Sevillano
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enitan Carrol
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Collins
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Lalloo
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Beynon
- Centre for Proteomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Heyderman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Pehote G, Vij N. Autophagy Augmentation to Alleviate Immune Response Dysfunction, and Resolve Respiratory and COVID-19 Exacerbations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091952. [PMID: 32847034 PMCID: PMC7565665 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of cellular homeostasis requires the synthesis of new proteins (proteostasis) and organelles, and the effective removal of misfolded or impaired proteins and cellular debris. This cellular homeostasis involves two key proteostasis mechanisms, the ubiquitin proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosome pathway. These catabolic pathways have been known to be involved in respiratory exacerbations and the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Briefly, proteostasis and autophagy processes are known to decline over time with age, cigarette or biomass smoke exposure, and/or influenced by underlying genetic factors, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and cellular debris, elevating apoptosis and cellular senescence, and initiating the pathogenesis of acute or chronic lung disease. Moreover, autophagic dysfunction results in an impaired microbial clearance, post-bacterial and/or viral infection(s) which contribute to the initiation of acute and recurrent respiratory exacerbations as well as the progression of chronic obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. In addition, the autophagic dysfunction-mediated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) immune response impairment further exacerbates the lung disease. Recent studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel autophagy augmentation strategies, in alleviating the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive or restrictive lung diseases and exacerbations such as those commonly seen in COPD, CF, ALI/ARDS and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Pehote
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- PRECISION THERANOSTICS INC, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- VIJ BIOTECH, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-240-623-0757
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25
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Mroczek A, Cieloch A, Manda-Handzlik A, Kuźmicka W, Muchowicz A, Wachowska M. Overexpression of ATG5 Gene Makes Granulocyte-Like HL-60 Susceptible to Release Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155194. [PMID: 32707918 PMCID: PMC7432007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against pathogens using various strategies, such as phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Recently, an autophagy-independent role of autophagy related (ATG) gene 5 in immune cells, including neutrophils, was emphasized. Our aim was to investigate the role of ATG5 protein in neutrophils' antimicrobial functions, proliferation and apoptosis. To this end, we used genetically modified human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells overexpressing ATG5, differentiated toward granulocyte-like cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and dimethylformamide. The level of differentiation, phagocytosis, proliferation and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. ROS production and NETs release was assessed by fluorometry and fluorescent microscopy. ATG5 gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR, whereas the protein level of ATG5 and LC3-II was determined by Western blot. We did not observe the induction of autophagy in differentiated HL-60 cells overexpressing ATG5. The increased expression of ATG5 affects the differentiation of HL-60 cells with ATRA, ROS production and phagocytosis. However, we did not detect changes in NETs release. Moreover, ATG5 protects differentiated HL-60 cells from apoptosis but does not cause changes in proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mroczek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.M.-H.); (W.K.)
| | - Adrianna Cieloch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.M.-H.); (W.K.)
| | - Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.M.-H.); (W.K.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kuźmicka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.M.-H.); (W.K.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Jana Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.); (A.M.-H.); (W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +22-317-95-03
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26
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Lawrence SM, Corriden R, Nizet V. How Neutrophils Meet Their End. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:531-544. [PMID: 32303452 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil death can transpire via diverse pathways and is regulated by interactions with commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, environmental exposures, and cell age. At steady state, neutrophil turnover and replenishment are continually maintained via a delicate balance between host-mediated responses and microbial forces. Disruptions in this equilibrium directly impact neutrophil numbers in circulation, cell trafficking, antimicrobial defenses, and host well-being. How neutrophils meet their end is physiologically important and can result in different immunologic consequences. Whereas nonlytic forms of neutrophil death typically elicit anti-inflammatory responses and promote healing, pathways ending with cell membrane rupture may incite deleterious proinflammatory responses, which can exacerbate local tissue injury, lead to chronic inflammation, or precipitate autoimmunity. This review seeks to provide a contemporary analysis of mechanisms of neutrophil death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley M Lawrence
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Ross Corriden
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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27
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Liang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Guo H, Fan H, Zhang C, Hou L, Liu Z. Autophagy-driven NETosis is a double-edged sword - Review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110065. [PMID: 32200255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism responsible for delivering protein aggregates or damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It is also simultaneously a precise regulatory process, which is crucial for dealing with hunger, oxidative stress, and pathogen defense. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), which form a part of a newly described bactericidal process, are reticular structures composed of a DNA backbone and multiple functional proteins, formed via a process known as NETosis. NETs exert their anti-infection activity by capturing pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting their spread and inactivating virulence factors. However, NETs may also activate an immune response in non-infectious diseases, leading to tissue damage. Although the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear, a large number of studies have suggested that autophagy may be involved. Autophagy-mediated NETs not only induce inflammation and tissue damage, but can also lead to cell senescence, malignant transformation, and cell death. Autophagy-dependent NETs also play a beneficial role in the hostwith respect to pathogen clearance and immune defense. Through careful review of the literature, we have found that the distinct roles of autophagy in NETosis may be dependent on the extent of autophagy and the specific manner in which it was induced. This article summarizes numerous recent studies, and reviews the role of autophagy-driven NETosis in various diseases, in the hope that this will lead to the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
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28
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Méndez R, Aldás I, Menéndez R. Biomarkers in Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Cardiac and Non-Cardiac). J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020549. [PMID: 32085380 PMCID: PMC7073979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to infection. Several aspects such as severity and host response are related to its clinical course and outcome. Beyond the acute implications that the infection provokes in the host, pneumonia also has long-term negative consequences. Among them, cardiovascular complications and mortality are the most outstanding. Therefore, an adequate recognition and stratification of the risk of complications and mortality is crucial. Many biomarkers have been studied for these reasons, considering that each biomarker mirrors a different aspect. Moreover, the clinical application of many of them is still being deliberated because of their limitations and the heterogeneity of the disease. In this review, we examine some of the most relevant biomarkers that we have classified as cardiac and non-cardiac. We discuss some classic biomarkers and others that are considered novel biomarkers, which are mainly involved in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Méndez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Irene Aldás
- University of Valencia, Medicine Faculty, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- University of Valencia, Medicine Faculty, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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29
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Yu Y, Sun B. Autophagy-mediated regulation of neutrophils and clinical applications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkz001. [PMID: 32341923 PMCID: PMC7175771 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an adaptive catabolic process, plays a cytoprotective role in enabling cellular homeostasis in the innate and adaptive immune systems. Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in circulation, are professional killers that orchestrate a series of events during acute inflammation. The recent literature indicates that autophagy has important roles in regulating neutrophil functions, including differentiation, degranulation, metabolism and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, that dictate neutrophil fate. It is also becoming increasingly clear that autophagy regulation is critical for neutrophils to exert their immunological activity. However, evidence regarding the systematic communication between neutrophils and autophagy is insufficient. Here, we provide an updated overview of the function of autophagy as a regulator of neutrophils and discuss its clinical relevance to provide novel insight into potentially relevant treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
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30
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Abstract
Besnoitia besnoiti is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, which causes bovine besnoitiosis. Recently increased emergence within Europe was responsible for significant economic losses in the cattle industry due to the significant reduction of productivity. However, still limited knowledge exists on interactions between B. besnoiti and host innate immune system. Here, B. besnoiti bradyzoites were successfully isolated from tissue cysts located in skin biopsies of a naturally infected animal, and we aimed to investigate for the first time reactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) exposed to these vital bradyzoites. Freshly isolated bovine PMN were confronted to B. besnoiti bradyzoites. Scanning electron microscopy (s.e.m.)- and immunofluorescence microscopy-analyses demonstrated fine extracellular networks released by exposed bovine PMN resembling suicidal NETosis. Classical NETosis components were confirmed via co-localization of extracellular DNA decorated with histone 3 (H3) and neutrophil elastase (NE). Live cell imaging by 3D holotomographic microscopy (Nanolive®) unveiled rapid vital NETosis against this parasite. A significant increase of autophagosomes visualized by specific-LC3B antibodies and confocal microscopy was observed in B. besnoiti-stimulated bovine PMN when compared to non-stimulated group. As such, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.37; P = 0.042) was found between B. besnoiti-triggered suicidal NETosis and autophagy. These findings suggest that vital- as well as suicidal-NETosis might play a role in early innate host defence mechanisms against released B. besnoiti bradyzoites from tissue cysts, and possibly hampering further parasitic replication. Our data generate first hints on autophagy being associated with B. besnoiti bradyzoite-induced suicidal NETosis and highlighting for first time occurrence of parasite-mediated vital NETosis.
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31
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Autophagy Regulation of Mammalian Immune Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1209:7-22. [PMID: 31728862 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0606-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fully competent cellular machinery able to carry out the clearance of macromolecules via fusion with the lysosome. Many studies conducted in recent years have revealed that autophagy not only plays a critical role in maintaining cell homeostasis, but can also promote bacterial elimination. Additionally, autophagy exists in most eukaryotic cells including immune cells, such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells. Presently, there are numerous studies focusing on the roles of autophagy in regulating immune response. Autophagy regulates the innate and adaptive immunity by modulating cell differentiation, survival, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, degranulation, and cytokine production. In this chapter, we will summarize how autophagy participates explicitly in the survival and function of the mammalian adaptive and innate immune cells.
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32
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Plasticity of High-Density Neutrophils in Multiple Myeloma is Associated with Increased Autophagy Via STAT3. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143548. [PMID: 32565533 PMCID: PMC6678548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In both monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) patients, immune functions are variably impaired, and there is a high risk of bacterial infections. Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes and constitute the first line of host defense. Since little is known about the contribution of autophagy in the neutrophil function of MGUS and MM patients, we investigated the basal autophagy flux in freshly sorted neutrophils of patients and tested the plastic response of healthy neutrophils to soluble factors of MM. In freshly sorted high-density neutrophils obtained from patients with MGUS and MM or healthy subjects, we found a progressive autophagy trigger associated with soluble factors circulating in both peripheral blood and bone marrow, associated with increased IFNγ and pSTAT3S727. In normal high-density neutrophils, the formation of acidic vesicular organelles, a morphological characteristic of autophagy, could be induced after exposure for three hours with myeloma conditioned media or MM sera, an effect associated with increased phosphorylation of STAT3-pS727 and reverted by treatment with pan-JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Taken together, our data suggest that soluble factors in MM can trigger contemporary JAK2 signaling and autophagy in neutrophils, targetable with ruxolitinib.
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Zhou E, Conejeros I, Velásquez ZD, Muñoz-Caro T, Gärtner U, Hermosilla C, Taubert A. Simultaneous and Positively Correlated NET Formation and Autophagy in Besnoitia besnoiti Tachyzoite-Exposed Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1131. [PMID: 31191523 PMCID: PMC6540735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that B. besnoiti tachyzoites infect host endothelial cells of vessels in vivo, they become potential targets for professional phagocytes [e.g., polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)] when in search for adequate host cells or in case of host cell lysis. It was recently reported that B. besnoiti-tachyzoites can efficiently be trapped by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by bovine PMN. So far, the potential role of autophagy in parasite-triggered NET formation is unclear. Thus, we here analyzed autophagosome formation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) in potentially NET-forming innate leukocytes being exposed to B. besnoiti tachyzoites. Blood was collected from healthy adult dairy cows, and bovine PMN were isolated via density gradient centrifugation. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed PMN to undergo NET formation upon contact with B. besnoiti tachyzoites. Nuclear area expansion (NAE) analysis and cell-free and anchored NETs quantification were performed in B. besnoiti-induced NET formation. Interestingly, tachyzoites of B. besnoiti additionally induced LC3B-related autophagosome formation in parallel to NET formation in bovine PMN. Notably, both rapamycin- and wortmannin-treatments failed to influence B. besnoiti-triggered NET formation and autophagosome formation. Also, isolated NETs fail to induce autophagy suggesting independence between both cellular processes. Finally, enhanced phosphorylation of AMP activated kinase α (AMPKα), a key regulator molecule of autophagy, was observed within the first minutes of interaction in tachyzoite-exposed PMN thereby emphasizing that B. besnoiti-triggered NET formation indeed occurs in parallel to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershun Zhou
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Iván Conejeros
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zahady D Velásquez
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Muñoz-Caro
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Germic N, Frangez Z, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Regulation of the innate immune system by autophagy: neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NK cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:703-714. [PMID: 30737478 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved, highly regulated catabolic process that combines cellular functions required for the regulation of metabolic balance under conditions of stress with those needed for the degradation of damaged cell organelles via the lysosomal machinery. The importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated. Recent data suggest that autophagy is also involved in non-metabolic functions that impact the immune system. Here, we reflect in two review articles the recent literature pointing to an important role for autophagy in innate immune cells. In this article, we focus on neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells. We mainly discuss the influence of autophagy on functional cellular responses and its importance for overall host defense. In the companion review, we present the role of autophagy in the functions performed by monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ziva Frangez
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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Lu LH, Chao CH, Yeh TM. Inhibition of autophagy protects against sepsis by concurrently attenuating the cytokine storm and vascular leakage. J Infect 2019; 78:178-186. [PMID: 30653985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response for which no satisfactory therapeutic drug is available. Previous studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the cytokine storm and vascular leakage that occur during sepsis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of autophagy inhibitors against bacterial infection-induced sepsis. METHODS Cytokine production and phagocytosis of bacteria by human leukocytes and the permeability of endothelial cells were determined after the co-incubation of cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Escherichia coli in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors in vitro. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of the autophagy inhibitors in E. coli-infected mice were analysed. RESULTS In the presence of the autophagy inhibitors, the LPS-triggered cytokine secretion of human leucocytes and LPS (or LPS-conditioned medium from leucocytes)-induced endothelial hyperpermeability were significantly reduced. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy enhanced the clearance of E. coli by leucocytes in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that post-treatment but not pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine) completely protected mice against E. coli infection-induced lethality by simultaneously reducing cytokine production and vascular leakage and enhancing bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hu S, Liu X, Gao Y, Zhou R, Wei M, Dong J, Yan H, Zhao Y. Hepatitis B Virus Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Release by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Autophagy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:805-815. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Rane D, Patil T, More V, Patra SS, Bodhale N, Dandapat J, Sarkar A. Neutrophils: Interplay between host defense, cellular metabolism and intracellular infection. Cytokine 2018; 112:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bendorius M, Neeli I, Wang F, Bonam SR, Dombi E, Buron N, Borgne-Sanchez A, Poulton J, Radic M, Muller S. The Mitochondrion-lysosome Axis in Adaptive and Innate Immunity: Effect of Lupus Regulator Peptide P140 on Mitochondria Autophagy and NETosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2158. [PMID: 30319621 PMCID: PMC6168670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria deserve special attention as sensors of cellular energy homeostasis and metabolic state. Moreover, mitochondria integrate intra- and extra-cellular signals to determine appropriate cellular responses that range from proliferation to cell death. In autoimmunity, as in other inflammatory chronic disorders, the metabolism of immune cells may be extensively remodeled, perturbing sensitive tolerogenic mechanisms. Here, we examine the distribution and effects of the therapeutic 21-mer peptide called P140, which shows remarkable efficacy in modulating immune responses in inflammatory settings. We measured P140 and control peptide effects on isolated mitochondria, the distribution of peptides in live cells, and their influence on the levels of key autophagy regulators. Our data indicate that while P140 targets macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy processes, it has little effect, if any, on mitochondrial autophagy. Remarkably, however, it suppresses NET release from neutrophils exposed to immobilized NET-anti-DNA IgG complexes. Together, our results suggest that in the mitochondrion-lysosome axis, a likely driver of NETosis and inflammation, the P140 peptide does not operate by affecting mitochondria directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykolas Bendorius
- Unit Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, CNRS, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- Unit Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, CNRS, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Unit Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, CNRS, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Eszter Dombi
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sylviane Muller
- Unit Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, CNRS, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Skendros P, Mitroulis I, Ritis K. Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:109. [PMID: 30234114 PMCID: PMC6131573 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation system aiming to maintain cell homeostasis in response to cellular stress. At physiological states, basal or constitutive level of autophagy activity is usually low; however, it is markedly up-regulated in response to oxidative stress, nutrient starvation, and various immunological stimuli including pathogens. Many studies over the last years have indicated the implication of autophagy in a plethora of cell populations and functions. In this review, we focus on the role of autophagy in the biology of neutrophils. Early studies provided a link between autophagy and neutrophil cell death, a process essential for resolution of inflammation. Since then, several lines of evidence both in the human system and in murine models propose a critical role for autophagy in neutrophil-driven inflammation and defense against pathogens. Autophagy is essential for major neutrophil functions, including degranulation, reactive oxygen species production, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Going back to neutrophil generation in the bone marrow, autophagy plays a critical role in myelopoiesis, driving the differentiation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage toward neutrophils. Taken together, in this review we discuss the functional role of autophagy in neutrophils throughout their life, from their production in the bone marrow to inflammatory responses and NETotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Influence of Different Bacteria Strains Isolated from Septic Children on Release and Degradation of Extracellular Traps by Neutrophils from Healthy Adults. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1108:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ortmann W, Kolaczkowska E. Age is the work of art? Impact of neutrophil and organism age on neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:473-488. [PMID: 29250748 PMCID: PMC5820386 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps or NETs are released by highly activated neutrophils in response to infectious agents, sterile inflammation, autoimmune stimuli and cancer. In the cells, the nuclear envelop disintegrates and decondensation of chromatin occurs that depends on peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and neutrophil elastase (NE). Subsequently, proteins from neutrophil granules (e.g., NE, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase) and the nucleus (histones) bind to decondensed DNA and the whole structure is ejected from the cell. The DNA decorated with potent antimicrobials and proteases can act to contain dissemination of infection and in sterile inflammation NETs were shown to degrade cytokines and chemokines via serine proteases. On the other hand, overproduction of NETs, or their inadequate removal and prolonged presence in vasculature or tissues, can lead to bystander damage or even initiation of diseases. Considering the pros and cons of NET formation, it is of relevance if the stage of neutrophil maturation (immature, mature and senescent cells) affects the capacity to produce NETs as the cells of different age-related phenotypes dominate in given (pathological) conditions. Moreover, the immune system of neonates and elderly individuals is weaker than in adulthood. Is the same pattern followed when it comes to NETs? The overall importance of individual and neutrophil age on the capacity to release NETs is reviewed in detail and the significance of these facts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ortmann
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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