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Ali A, Esmaeil A, Behbehani R. Mitochondrial Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia. Brain Sci 2024; 14:135. [PMID: 38391710 PMCID: PMC10887352 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a rare disorder that can be at the forefront of several mitochondrial diseases. This review overviews mitochondrial CPEO encephalomyopathies to enhance accurate recognition and diagnosis for proper management. METHODS This study is conducted based on publications and guidelines obtained by selective review in PubMed. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, Cochrane reviews, and literature meta-analyses were particularly sought. DISCUSSION CPEO is a common presentation of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, which can result from alterations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Genetic sequencing is the gold standard for diagnosing mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, preceded by non-invasive tests such as fibroblast growth factor-21 and growth differentiation factor-15. More invasive options include a muscle biopsy, which can be carried out after uncertain diagnostic testing. No definitive treatment option is available for mitochondrial diseases, and management is mainly focused on lifestyle risk modification and supplementation to reduce mitochondrial load and symptomatic relief, such as ptosis repair in the case of CPEO. Nevertheless, various clinical trials and endeavors are still at large for achieving beneficial therapeutic outcomes for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. KEY MESSAGES Understanding the varying presentations and genetic aspects of mitochondrial CPEO is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City 70035, Kuwait
| | - Ali Esmaeil
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City 70035, Kuwait
| | - Raed Behbehani
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City 70035, Kuwait
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2
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Bagheri S, Haddadi R, Saki S, Kourosh-Arami M, Rashno M, Mojaver A, Komaki A. Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on neurological diseases: a review article. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188839. [PMID: 37424991 PMCID: PMC10326389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect the nervous system. Biochemical, structural, or electrical abnormalities in the spinal cord, brain, or other nerves lead to different symptoms, including muscle weakness, paralysis, poor coordination, seizures, loss of sensation, and pain. There are many recognized neurological diseases, like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 2 (ARCA2), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 9 (SCAR9). Different agents, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), exert neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage. Online databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE were systematically searched until December 2020 using keywords, including review, neurological disorders, and CoQ10. CoQ10 is endogenously produced in the body and also can be found in supplements or foods. CoQ10 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and plays a role in energy production and mitochondria stabilization, which are mechanisms, by which CoQ10 exerts its neuroprotective effects. Thus, in this review, we discussed the association between CoQ10 and neurological diseases, including AD, depression, MS, epilepsy, PD, LHON, ARCA2, SCAR9, and stroke. In addition, new therapeutic targets were introduced for the next drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mojaver
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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3
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Mokhtari B, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Chodari L, Yasami M, Badalzadeh R, Ghaffari S. Melatonin/nicotinamide mononucleotide/ubiquinol: a cocktail providing superior cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in a common co-morbidities modelled rat. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3525-3537. [PMID: 36787055 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic and intracellular abnormalities in aging and diabetes cause loss of cardioprotection by routine interventions against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to evaluate the possible interaction of aging and type-2 diabetes mellitus with cardioprotection and the potential protective effect of a mitochondrial cocktail (melatonin/nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)/ubiquinol) on myocardial I/R injury in aged diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 108, 22-24 months old, 400-450 g) received high-fat diet/low dose of streptozotocin to induce type-2 diabetes, then were randomized into 9 groups of 12 rats each with/without I/R and/or melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol, alone or in dual or triple combinations. Myocardial I/R was induced by LAD occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. NMN (100 mg/kg/48 h, intraperitoneally) was administered for 28 days before I/R operation. Melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and/or ubiquinol (30 mg/kg, intravenously) were administered at early reperfusion. Finally, hemodynamic index changes, infarct size, CK-MB levels, mitochondrial functional endpoints, and expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2/TFAM) were assessed. RESULTS The solo and dual applications of melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol did not exert remarkable cardioprotective impacts. However, the triple combination improved myocardial function and decreased infarct size and CK-MB levels following myocardial I/R (P < .05 to P < .01). It also improved mitochondrial function and restored mitochondrial biogenesis genes (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol exerted significant cardioprotection and improved mitochondrial function and biogenesis via upregulation of SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2/TFAM profiles in aged diabetic rats and, thus, offers a promising strategy for providing noticeable cardioprotection against I/R injury also in aged diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoud Yasami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Hornos Carneiro MF, Colaiácovo MP. Beneficial antioxidant effects of Coenzyme Q10 on reproduction. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:143-167. [PMID: 36707133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in recent years that contribute to increasing knowledge on the role of Coenzyme Q10 in female reproductive health. General aspects of CoQ10, such as its role as an antioxidant and in mitochondrial bioenergetics are considered. The age-dependent decline in human female reproductive potential is associated with cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and in some cases accompanied by a decrease in CoQ10 levels. Herein, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence on CoQ10 protective effects on reproductive health. We also address the potential of supplementation with this coenzyme to rescue reprotoxicity induced by exposure to environmental xenobiotics. This review not only contributes to our general understanding of the effects of aging on female reproduction but also provides new insights into strategies promoting reproductive health. The use of CoQ10 supplementation can improve reproductive performance through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. This strategy can constitute a low-risk and low-cost strategy to attenuate the impact on fertility related to aging and exposure to environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica P Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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5
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Rius R, Bennett NK, Bhattacharya K, Riley LG, Yüksel Z, Formosa LE, Compton AG, Dale RC, Cowley MJ, Gayevskiy V, Al Tala SM, Almehery AA, Ryan MT, Thorburn DR, Nakamura K, Christodoulou J. Biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 are associated with an infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1970-1978. [PMID: 36030551 PMCID: PMC9771894 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders resulting from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects. COX11 encodes a copper chaperone that participates in the assembly of complex IV and has not been previously linked to human disease. In a previous study, we identified that COX11 knockdown decreased cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) derived from respiration, and that ATP levels could be restored with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) supplementation. This finding is surprising since COX11 has no known role in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Here, we report a novel gene-disease association by identifying biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 associated with infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies in two unrelated families using trio genome and exome sequencing. Functional studies showed that mutant COX11 fibroblasts had decreased ATP levels which could be rescued by CoQ10 . These results not only suggest that COX11 variants cause defects in energy production but reveal a potential metabolic therapeutic strategy for patients with COX11 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Rius
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lisa G. Riley
- Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Rare Diseases Functional GenomicsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Zafer Yüksel
- Department of Human GeneticsBioscientia Healthcare GmbHIngelheimGermany
| | - Luke E. Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical school, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark J. Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute & School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Saeed M. Al Tala
- Pediatric DirectorateNeonatal NICU, Armed Forces Hospital SRKhamis MushaytSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Human GeneticsBioscientia Healthcare GmbHIngelheimGermany
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences and NeuroscienceUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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6
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Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy: Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223528. [PMID: 36428957 PMCID: PMC9688544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle ClC-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored ClC-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered ClC-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of ClC-a inhibition in statin-associated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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Silva SVE, Gallia MC, da Luz JRD, de Rezende AA, Bongiovanni GA, Araujo-Silva G, Almeida MDG. Antioxidant Effect of Coenzyme Q10 in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Arsenic-Treated CHO-K1 Cells and Possible Participation of Zinc as a Pro-Oxidant Agent. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163265. [PMID: 36014770 PMCID: PMC9412518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes. Compounds with antioxidant properties, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), can reduce cellular imbalance caused by an increase in ROS. CoQ10 participates in modulating redox homeostasis due to its antioxidant activity and its preserving mitochondrial functions. Thus, the present study demonstrated the protective effects of CoQ10 against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by arsenic (As). Antioxidant capacity, formation of hydroperoxides, generation of ROS, and the effect on cellular viability of CoQ10, were investigated to determine the protective effect of CoQ10 against As and pro-oxidant compounds, such as zinc. Cell viability assays showed that CoQ10 is cytoprotective under cellular stress conditions, with potent antioxidant activity, regardless of the concentration tested. Zn, when used at higher concentrations, can increase ROS and show a pro-oxidant effect causing cell damage. The cytotoxic effect observed for As, Zn, or the combination of both could be prevented by CoQ10, without any decrease in its activity at cellular levels when combined with Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Victor e Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012570, Brazil
| | - María Celeste Gallia
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), School of Agricultural Sciences, Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900070, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
| | - Guillermina Azucena Bongiovanni
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), School of Agricultural Sciences, Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900070, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ghanem M, Heikal L, Abdel Fattah H, El Ashwah A, Fliefel R. The Effect of Coenzyme Q10/Collagen Hydrogel on Bone Regeneration in Extraction Socket Prior to Implant Placement in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113059. [PMID: 35683447 PMCID: PMC9181497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The healing of an extraction socket leads to alveolar ridge resorption that can hinder future implant placement and further rehabilitation with special concerns in diabetes mellitus. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been developed as a new material for alveolar socket augmentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 hydrogel on bone regeneration after extraction of mandibular teeth in Type II diabetic patients. Methods: This trial was registered under the number NCT05122299 and included eighteen patients. The hydrogel was first prepared and characterized. After tooth extraction, the hydrogel was placed in the extraction sockets. Bone formation was evaluated three months after tooth extraction. Results: The bone density was significantly higher in the CoQ10 group than the other two groups measured on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The relative gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) showed significant increase in the presence of CoQ10. Histomorphometry revealed significantly less fibrous tissue in the CoQ10 group in comparison to the control or collagen group. Conclusion: The local application of CoQ10 after tooth extraction provided a simple, inexpensive, yet effective treatment facilitating bone formation and healing in the extraction sockets of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; (M.G.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Lamia Heikal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Hagar Abdel Fattah
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Adham El Ashwah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; (M.G.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Riham Fliefel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; (M.G.); (A.E.A.)
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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9
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Pallotti F, Bergamini C, Lamperti C, Fato R. The Roles of Coenzyme Q in Disease: Direct and Indirect Involvement in Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:128. [PMID: 35008564 PMCID: PMC8745647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. Recently, it has been proposed that coenzyme Q contributes to suppressing ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we report the latest hypotheses and theories analyzing the multiple functions of coenzyme Q. The complete knowledge of the various cellular CoQ functions is essential to provide a rational basis for its possible therapeutic use, not only in diseases characterized by primary CoQ deficiency, but also in large number of diseases in which its secondary deficiency has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pallotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- SSD Laboratorio Analisi-SMEL Specializzato in Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Settelaghi-Ospedale di Circolo-Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- UO Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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10
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Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10, Ageing and the Nervous System: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 35052506 PMCID: PMC8773271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing brain is characterised by changes at the physical, histological, biochemical and physiological levels. This ageing process is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of neurological disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. In this article, we review the potential therapeutic role in these age-related neurological disorders of supplementary coenzyme Q10, a vitamin-like substance of vital importance for normal mitochondrial function and as an antioxidant. This review is concerned primarily with studies in humans rather than in vitro studies or studies in animal models of neurological disease. In particular, the reasons why the outcomes of clinical trials supplementing coenzyme Q10 in these neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (R.A.H.); (I.P.H.)
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (R.A.H.); (I.P.H.)
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11
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Masotta NE, Martinez-Perafan F, Carballo MA, Gorzalczany SB, Rojas AM, Tripodi VP. Genotoxic risk in humans and acute toxicity in rats of a novel oral high-dose coenzyme Q10 oleogel. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1229-1239. [PMID: 34195014 PMCID: PMC8233171 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An oral high-dose CoQ10 oleogel was assessed in its genotoxicity and acute toxicity. There was no genotoxic risk associated with the use of CoQ10 oleogel in volunteers. Biochemical parameters remained within reference values after oleogel treatment. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed in the rats exposed to the oleogel. The novel high-dose CoQ10 oleogel formulation designed is safe for oral consumption.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has demonstrated to be safe and effective in primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Previously, we have designed a high-dose CoQ10 oleogel (1 g/disk) with excipients used in quantities that do not represent any toxic risk. However, it was necessary to demonstrate their safety in the final formulation. Following this purpose, an acute toxicity study of the oleogel in rats was performed. Furthermore, the genotoxic risk was evaluated in human volunteers after CoQ10 supplementation with oleogel and compared to the solid form (1 g/three 00-size-capsules). In addition, the general health status and possible biochemical changes of the participants were determined using serum parameters. Results suggested the absence of adverse effects caused by the interaction of the components in the oleogel formulation. Therefore, we conclude that the designed novel high-dose CoQ10 oleogel was safe for oral consumption.
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Key Words
- ALKP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CBMNcyt, cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome
- CoQ10, coenzyme Q10
- EC, ethylcellulose
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- Genotoxicity
- High-dose coenzyme Q10 oleogel
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MCT, Medium-chain Triglycerides
- MNi, micronuclei
- Micronucleus cytome assay
- NBUDs, nuclear buds
- NPBs, nucleoplasmic bridges
- Rat acute toxicity
- Serum biochemical parameters
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ehrenhaus Masotta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias, ITAPROQ (CONICET-UBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Argentina
| | - Fabian Martinez-Perafan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Ana Carballo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Beatriz Gorzalczany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias, ITAPROQ (CONICET-UBA), Int. Güiraldes 2620, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Argentina
| | - Valeria P Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Junín 954, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Argentina
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12
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Turton N, Bowers N, Khajeh S, Hargreaves IP, Heaton RA. Coenzyme Q10 and the exclusive club of diseases that show a limited response to treatment. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2021.1932459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK
| | - Nathan Bowers
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK
| | - Sam Khajeh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK
| | - Robert A Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK
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13
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Feng Z, Nadikudi M, Woolley KL, Hemasa AL, Chear S, Smith JA, Gueven N. Bioactivity Profiles of Cytoprotective Short-Chain Quinones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051382. [PMID: 33806577 PMCID: PMC7961879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain quinones (SCQs) have been investigated as potential therapeutic candidates against mitochondrial dysfunction, which was largely thought to be associated with the reversible redox characteristics of their active quinone core. We recently reported a library of SCQs, some of which showed potent cytoprotective activity against the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. To better characterize the cytoprotection of SCQs at a molecular level, a bioactivity profile for 103 SCQs with different compound chemistries was generated that included metabolism related markers, redox activity, expression of cytoprotective proteins and oxidative damage. Of all the tested endpoints, a positive correlation with cytoprotection by SCQs in the presence of rotenone was only observed for the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)-dependent reduction of SCQs, which also correlated with an acute rescue of ATP levels. The results of this study suggest an unexpected mode of action for SCQs that appears to involve a modification of NQO1-dependent signaling rather than a protective effect by the reduced quinone itself. This finding presents a new selection strategy to identify and develop the most promising compounds towards their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (Z.F.); (M.N.); (A.L.H.); (S.C.)
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (K.L.W.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Monila Nadikudi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (Z.F.); (M.N.); (A.L.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Krystel L. Woolley
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (K.L.W.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Ayman L. Hemasa
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (Z.F.); (M.N.); (A.L.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Sueanne Chear
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (Z.F.); (M.N.); (A.L.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (K.L.W.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (Z.F.); (M.N.); (A.L.H.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Biuomy AR, Oraby FSH, Khalifa EA, El-Sherif HA, Hussein J, Abdel-Latif Y. Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in high altitude population: impact of coenzyme Q10 supplementation. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:621-626. [PMID: 34592077 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on oxidative stress engendered from hypoxia in population live at high altitude. METHODS This is an intervention study in which 50 females of volunteers population-36 of them who live at high altitude compared with the placebo group (14 from the total population that live at sea level). Blood samples were collected in -anticoagulant tubes from control and high altitude before and after CoQ10 supplementation (150 mg/day for 2, 4 and 8 weeks). Plasma was separated and used for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON1) by spectrophotometer, CoQ10 and vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Our results appeared that TAC, PON1, vitamin E and CoQ10 concentrations were significantly decreased in population at high altitude at base line compared to placebo group population at sea level. Whereas, administration of CoQ10 attenuated all measured parameters especially after eight weeks of administration. CONCLUSION We concluded that coenzyme Q10 supplement at a dose of 150 mg/day has a powerful effect in oxidative stress parameters and increased antioxidant parameters included vitamin E in population with hypoxia after 4 and 8 weeks. So that supplementation positively affects oxidative stress and is recommended CoQ10 supplementation in population who live at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman R Biuomy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma S H Oraby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman A Khalifa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Parasitology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A El-Sherif
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abdel-Latif
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Bottani E, Lamperti C, Prigione A, Tiranti V, Persico N, Brunetti D. Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Mitochondrial Diseases: "One-Size-Fits-All" and "Precision Medicine" Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1083. [PMID: 33187380 PMCID: PMC7696526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) refer to a group of severe, often inherited genetic conditions due to mutations in the mitochondrial genome or in the nuclear genes encoding for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mutations hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, affecting the primary source of cellular ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. The limited information of the natural history, the limitations of currently available preclinical models, coupled with the large variability of phenotypical presentations of PMD patients, have strongly penalized the development of effective therapies. However, new therapeutic strategies have been emerging, often with promising preclinical and clinical results. Here we review the state of the art on experimental treatments for mitochondrial diseases, presenting "one-size-fits-all" approaches and precision medicine strategies. Finally, we propose novel perspective therapeutic plans, either based on preclinical studies or currently used for other genetic or metabolic diseases that could be transferred to PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich Heine University (HHU), 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
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16
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Heaton RA, Heales S, Rahman K, Sexton DW, Hargreaves I. The Effect of Cellular Coenzyme Q 10 Deficiency on Lysosomal Acidification. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061923. [PMID: 32575494 PMCID: PMC7355799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency currently represents the only treatable mitochondrial disorder, however, little is known about how it may affect other organelles. The lysosome has been found to have a large concentration of CoQ10 localised at its membrane; additionally, it has been suggested that it plays a role in the normal acidification of the lysosomal lumen. As a result, in this study we assessed the effect of CoQ10 deficiency on lysosomal acidification. In order to investigate this, a neuronal cell model of CoQ10 deficiency was established via the treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). This method works through the competitive inhibition of the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway enzyme, CoQ2. A single 1 mM (5 days) treatment with PABA resulted in a decrease of up to 58% in cellular CoQ10 (p < 0.05). It was found that this resulted in a significant decrease in fluorescence of both the LysoSensor (23%) and LysoTracker (35%) probes used to measure lysosomal pH (p < 0.05). It was found that subsequent treatment with CoQ10 (5 µM, 3 days) was able to restore cellular CoQ10 concentration (p < 0.005), which was associated with an increase in fluorescence from both probes to around 90% of controls (p < 0.05), suggesting a restoration of lysosomal pH. This study provides insights into the association between lysosomal pH and cellular CoQ10 status and the possibility that a deficit in the status of this isoprenoid may result in an impairment of lysosomal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- Enzyme Unit, Chemical Pathology, NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Hospital, Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- NIHR BRC and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Darren W. Sexton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
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17
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Burgin HJ, McKenzie M. Understanding the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ECHS1 deficiency. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:590-610. [PMID: 31944285 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide the main source of energy for eukaryotic cells, oxidizing fatty acids and sugars to generate ATP. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are two key pathways involved in this process. Disruption of FAO can cause human disease, with patients commonly presenting with liver failure, hypoketotic glycaemia and rhabdomyolysis. However, patients with deficiencies in the FAO enzyme short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) are typically diagnosed with Leigh syndrome, a lethal form of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy that is normally associated with OXPHOS dysfunction. Furthermore, some ECHS1-deficient patients also exhibit secondary OXPHOS defects. This sequela of FAO disorders has long been thought to be caused by the accumulation of inhibitory fatty acid intermediates. However, new evidence suggests that the mechanisms involved are more complex, and that disruption of OXPHOS protein complex biogenesis and/or stability is also involved. In this review, we examine the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of all ECHS1-deficient patients described to date. In particular, we consider the secondary OXPHOS defects associated with ECHS1 deficiency and discuss their possible contribution to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison James Burgin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Abstract
People with bipolar disorder (BD) all too often have suboptimal long-term outcomes with existing treatment options. They experience relapsing episodes of depression and mania and also have interepisodic mood and anxiety symptoms. We need to have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of BD if we are to make progress in improving these outcomes. This chapter will focus on the critical role of mitochondria in human functioning, oxidative stress, and the biological mechanisms of mitochondria in BD. Additionally, this chapter will present the evidence that, at least for some people, BD is a product of mitochondrial dysregulation. We review the modulators of mitochondria, the connection between current BD medication treatments and mitochondria, and additional medications that have theoretical potential to treat BD.
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19
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Adikwu E, Ebinyo NC, Aagbadabina H. Coenzyme Q 10 Abrogates Flutamide-induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.2019.v05i02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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20
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Heaton R, Millichap L, Saleem F, Gannon J, Begum G, Hargreaves IP. Current biochemical treatments of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1638250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fatima Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer Gannon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gemma Begum
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Pierce JD, Gupte R, Thimmesch A, Shen Q, Hiebert JB, Brooks WM, Clancy RL, Diaz FJ, Harris JL. Ubiquinol treatment for TBI in male rats: Effects on mitochondrial integrity, injury severity, and neurometabolism. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1080-1092. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raeesa Gupte
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Brain Institute
| | | | - Qiuhua Shen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing
| | | | - William M. Brooks
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, Department of Neurology
| | | | | | - Janna L. Harris
- University of Kansas Medical, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
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